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Direct Taxation.
The Agricultural interest is the keystone in
the arch that supports all olber interests in a
country. Protect this and all classes of socie
ty are benefitted—it is the strength mid glory
of a nation. Would a system of Direct Taxa-
lion benefit the farmer? Would the honest
hard working, farmer pay less to the . general
government under a system of Direct Taxation,
by paying fifty cents or sixty four cents on ev
ery hundred dollars worth of property he owns,
than under our present system by paying twen
ty per cent, on the aggregate amount, he pays
yearly for imported goods ? Let us see. A. is
« farmer worth §10,000 in land, negroes, bogs,
horses, cattle, dec. He is a fair average of the
farmers of the South. He has a wife and six
children. He is not able and has no desire to
indulge in the luxuries of (he rich. He lives at
home. Assisted by his neighbors he employs
a well educated teacher to instruct his children;
he learns them letsons of industry, economy
and frugality ; keeps them away from the con
taminating influence of city life and city extra
vagance. He spends for imported goods year
ly 3150 dollars. This allows him $ 12 * for au
gar, $6 for molasses, §4 for salt, $12 for iron,
910 for blankets, $50 for silk dresses, $50 for
imported woolen goods, and $0 for sundries.
He pays $30 duties oh these in all.
Under our presfent system, he does not pay
One cent for bis land ; only the duty on blank
ets be buys for his negroes; not one cent on his
horses, his hogs nor his cattle. All he pays to
the General Government is 20 per cent on the
9150 dollars worth of imported ‘goods he con
sumes. This is the practical working of ooi
present system. Now adopt a system of Di
rect Taxation and A. will pay Gi cents on eve
ry hundred dollars worth of property he owns,
except his negroes, and he would pay 04 cents
on the hundred dollars for three fifth of their val
ue. If he is worth $ 10,000 dollars, then he pays
364, which is $34 more under a system of Di
rect Taxation than under the present system.
Every farmer in the South who owns land, ne
groes and cattle, would pay this' additional,
•mount of tax in the proportion above stated.
Tax the farmer and he could not make bread
•ud meat so cheap, and the mechanic, the mer
chant", and all classes, would pay more for board
and the necessaries of life. The man who drinks
fine brandy, smokes fine cigars, wears fine broad
cloths and buys fine silks and jewelry, it is true,
pays more according to his means, than those
who live more economically. We think this is
one of the great beauties of ocr present system ;
it encourages industry and frugality, and taxes
extravagance. It encoarages Jefferson’s idea
of a simple government, and not a magnificent
one. 1> is hard to make the honest farmer pay
for theiaxories of life whi$h ho is not able, and
has no desire to consume. It is hard, when
ho h*ft paid as much tax in to the State and
OOnnty as he can-bear, to have a U. S. tax
gatherer to come to his door, every j’ear, and
take twice or three times as much as he has
already paid into the State and county. Let
ns rather suffer those ills we have, than fly to
those we know not of.—Times ft-Sentinel.
. GEORGIA LEGISLATURE.
FOB THE SENATE,
W. M. SLAUGHTER.
FOR -nrttrsE OF REPRESENTATIVE,
Al. JB. HARRIS.
FOIfcCONGRESS,
1st DIst. JAMES'L, SEWARD, of Thomas,
id “ M. J. CRAWFORD, of Muscogee,
3d “ DAVID J. BAILfiY, of Butts.
1th “ L. J. GARTRELL, of FuRon.
5th « a. r. Wright, of Fiord.
6th “ JAMES J ACKSON, cf Clark.
7th “ LINTON STEPHEN'S, of Hancock,
8th « A. II. STEPHENS, of Taliaferro.
FOR GOVERNOR, .
JOSEPH E. BROWN,
OF CHEROKEE COUNTY.
though it we could do so unti! morning all would -
be saved. In a short time a heavy tea, for the
firtt time, broke over her upper deck, and. hope
faded away—Life preservers were supplied to all,
........ -.r, -r,
of making any reputation for himselfin the.bur-
densQtne office he so unwillingly assumed, has
almost acquired a friend in your correspondent
-"-J- *osic pttetiiBio ntlC hjippilcu tw . , .. v »!', _
and we sent up two rockets. X tremendous sea on th * pie ground that the'abolition press of
O" Our friends will again have to excuse the
small amount of political matter in our present issue.
Our Editor is still absent, and we have been unable
to supply his place.
The Weather, Crops, &c.
The weather ia bright and bracing—a little cool
in the mornings. The late drought has injured the
cotton in many places, and some of our planters
would compromise with a third less than they ex-
pected. *
Attention— Albany Guards.
We are requested to state to those who have
not signed the By-Laws under which this Com
pany is to be governed, that they will call at the
law office of Sargent W. C. Connelly, and
enroll their names-immediately.
Cotton Statement.
There has been 85-bales sent in for storage
since our last issue. We will say that what has
been sold, range from 14 to 15 cents.
The Democratic Barbecue and Dinner.
The friends of the Administratioh, of both sexes,
hate taken this subject in hand, and determined to
express their sentiments in the most approved style.
Will our readers give due notice to the call under
the head of “Special Notices”?
swept over us, tnd the steamer in a moment went
down, and 1 think 6ome four hundred or four ho
dred and fifty souls were launched upon.the oce
at the cgercy of its waves (the storm at this flu
bad entirely subsided.) Weal! kept.pear togeth
er, and went as-the waves took us. There was
nothing or very little said, except each one cheered
hta fellow comrade on, and courage was kept up for
two or three hours, and I thick for that space of
time none had drowned; but those who could not
swim became exhausted, and one by one gradually
passed into eternity; , The bope thai boats would
be sent to us from.the two vessels we had spoken
to, now fled from us, and qur trust was alone in
Providence, and What better trust could you or J
ask fqr ? ^
I saw my comrades fast sinking,, and at one
o’clock that, night I was nearly alone on the ocean,
some* two hundred miles from land. I, however,
heard shouts from all that could'do so, that were
not far from me, but I could riot see them. Within
an hour from this lime I 8aw a vessel which I judg
ed to be about one mile from me; Taking fresh
courage I struck out for the vessel, and reached it
when nearly exhausted, and was drawn Upon board
by .ropes. It proved to be a Norwegian hark from
Balize. Honduras, bound for Falmouth, England.
I found on board of her some three of my comrades;
at 9$ o'clock next mornining we had forty nine
noble fellows on board, and these are ail I know
of having been saved. We staid about the place
until we thought that all alive had been rescued,
and theg aet sail. We found the bark short of
provisions, and the crew living on grewel—we had
some tea and coffee to* refresh ourselves, and at
noon on Sunday spokri this American bark bound
for Savannah, which suplied ua with provisions
and tQok five on board. Our names are, B. H.
Ridly, native of Maine ; Jabez Howes, resident of
San Francisco; Samuel W. Look, of Metric;
Adolph Frederick, of San Francisco; Henry|I.
Childs of New York.
The Norwegian bark set sail for Charleston, with
the balance of the forty nine passengers, the names
nnfortunately 1 cannot give; the few which can
be recollected are Capt, Badger, of Baltimore ; Mr.
Frazier, second officer of the Central America ;
R. F Brown, of Sacramento, Cal; Billy Birch, of
the S. F. Minstrels; A*. J. Easton, San Francisco;
Mr. Fletcher, Augusta Me.; Tim, deck hand Cen
tral America; two gaily hands (cdlored) Central
America. There is also a lad saved, some seven
teen years old, whose mother was with the other
ladies placed on board the brig.
H H. CHILDS
P. S.—There were three passengers that got in
to the boats that saved the women and childien,
which are known to me—names—Mr. Priest, L.
I., Thos. Payne, Stand ford, Ct., Jones.
A Little two Fast.
The following paragraph appeared in the
Chronicle ft Sentinel of Sunday:
“A Buch^van Elector for Hill.—The
Americas Republican learns from good author
ity that the Hon. Samuel Hall, one of the Bu
chanan electors, has operfly denounced Buchan
an and Walker, and 6ays‘ that he in.tends to
■ support B. H. Hill for Governor.
“Apart from any considerations of party, we
confess we rejoice to see these demonstrations
on the. part of the intelligent and prominent men
of the country. It is an assurance that true pa
triatism and devotion to the South and its inarilu
tions, are not yet extinct—that therp are those
even among the prominent and intelligent mem
hers of the Democratic party, with whom the
South is superior to party—itho, in such a
sis Tune the honesty, independence and patriot-
inn, to rise superior to the dictates of parly, shake
* off its shackles, and proclaim their devotion to
the South! ! T*
Mr. Hall will be, or ought to be, grateful to
the Chronicle ft Sentinel, for the high opinion
it aeeins to entertain of him—a political oppo
nent. Of course that opinion will remain un
changed, when we inform that paper, as we do
now, upon the authority of the gentlemen him
self, that Mr. Hall has not “openly denounced
Buchanan and Walker,” or said, that “ha intend
ed to support B. H. Hill for Governor.” When
wd saw this statement in the Sumter Republican
we addressed a note to Mr. Hall, calling his at
tention todt. Last evening we received from
him, in reply to that note, the following tele
graphic dispatch:
Macon) Ga., Sept. 14, 1857.
To the Editor of the Constitutionalist: The
Sumter Republican has abnouneqd that 1 have
denounced the Administration, and am in favor
of B. H. Hill—this is false. •
Samuel Hall.
Will the Chronicle 4* Sentinel correct the
false impression it has created in reference to
the position of thjs “prominent” end “intelli
gent” member of the Democratic party?
The Canvass.
From the news we receive from all parts of the
State, we are satisfied that the democracy will tri
nmph by a large majority in October next. The
shifting! of the American party from one issue to
toother, anff their efforts to catch votes at the
sacrifice.of principle, are palpable to all intelligent
men, and the fiat baa gone forth that it must inev
itably fall.* The democracy on the contrary, are
moving on triumphantly and will elect their Gov
ernor, and perhaps a full delegation ot Congress
men from this Sate. After this election, we do
, not expect the democracy of Georgia to contend
again with Know Nothingiam.— Times ft Sen/i-
ncl _ -
1 More of Gen. Bask.
•. Ag entlemao just from Texas, says the W ash-
ington Star,has communicated to us facts bear
ing qn, the recent melancholy death of Senator
•> Husk, which throw more light on that sad event
lhah aU else concerning it, we had previously
learned. It seems that he was suffering at the
time most grievicusly from a carbuncle on the
Tback of bis neck, which, for sixty days, h*d
baffled the skill of his physician and bade fair,
unless arrpsted soon, to terminate in his death.
’He liad'beeii suffering intensely from it .on the
. day He committed the fatal act, and if was‘be
lieved by those sorrounding*him that the ago
nies of the disease, addedtto his belief that it
would deprive him 5flife in less than thirty days,
had $uch to do in bringing about his resolution
• ' to make away with himself.—Flor ft Journal.
\ .. ,— "• * ’
Dow Luos A LdTtES -rdo the Florida
iT x of the lsVinit,-we find the ftSUowtpg.
letter came tothej Post-Office at this place,
Fatal Accident.
A sad bereavement in which our whole com
munity deeply -sympathizes, has just fallen upon
one of our most respected families.. On Tues
day evening fast, our little .friend, Wil
liam Hampton Jennings, sod of Dr. Wm. P.‘
Jennings, of this place, in company with some
of bis young associates, got upon a four horse
road wagon, loaded with timber, in order to
take a ride, and by some accident lost his bold,
and fell to the ground in such a way that the
wheel past directly over the back part of his
head, causing instant death.
.The circumstances of this sad calamity ase
such as to make the sudden bereavement more
than usually severe. The deceased Was a lad
of fine character and intelligence, manly and
pleasing in his address, and uncommonly bright,
and cheerful in temperament. These qualities
had endeared him to opr citizens generally, un
til he bad beeome.an acknowledged favorite.
The heart-rendering affliction is one that is
almost onsOpportable to the family circle of
which Willie was an attractive member. In
their sorrow we can bpt offer them our deepest
sympathy, hoping that the dispensation of Prov
idence that thus suddenly cl&uds the bright
summer of their life, may be borne hs coming
from that hand, “that does all things well.”
The Result in October.
Lot no Democrat in Georgia, or out of it,
says the Macon Tellegraph, be deceived by the
boasts of the opposition press in regard to the
next election. It is the peculiar province of our
opposition friends always to elect tbelr candi
date* by calculations and figures, it is.tho good
fortune of the Democracy to elect theirs by the
votes of the people, as it has been in the past,
so it will be in the future.
We have reliable information from every Dis
trict in the State, and U foots up thus:
- 1st Diet.—Seward's majority over Bartow
and Gaulden, 800 votes. Brown over Hill 1,-
800.
2d.—Crawford and Brown over Elam and
Hill, 1,700. - *
3d.—Stand off.,
4th.—Gartrell over Tidwell, and Brown over
Hill, 2000.
5|h—Brown over Hill. 4500. Wright over
Hooper and Tatnm, 3,000.
6th.—Brown over Hill, 4000. Jackson over
Simmons, l,80(f
7th.—Stand off.
8th.—Stephens over Hjiller can't be counted.
Our figures demonstate that Brown will be
elected over Hill by a majority ranging from
twelve to fifteen thousand votes. We believe
we shall carry every Congressional District in
the State, to do this, our friends in the Third
and Seventh must work unceasingly until the
election day. In the Third, Col. Bailey is do
ing g°od service, his speeches are able and well
received, Linton Stephens is making a brilliant
canvass. Let the Democracy of the Third and
Seventh put their shoulders to the wheel and
sustain their candidates with zeal and industry,
and the day will be ours. So mote it be.
The American Barbecue,
Our opponents of the American party had
quite a jubilee in our city on Monday last.—-
We bad expected to have given the substance
of the speeches made upon thd occasion, but
the notes taken down are not at our command,
and we prefer not to attempt to give them at
Becond hand.
Messrs. Hill, Elam and Wm. IL* Crawford
made speeches, and acquitted themselves doubt
less to the satisfaction of their friends and sup
porters. The dinner provided by the Ladies,
we are told, (for we were not present) was ex
cellent, and reflected honor upon those who
prepared 4t.
The Loss of the “Central America.”
Since our last, the forebodings in regard to the
fate of this vessel have proved too well founded,
arid it is now ascertained beyond a doubt, that this
vessel has been lost with nearly four hundred and
fifty 'tools.. This vessel formerly the “George
Law” left Aspinwal! the first of the month, and.
after a pleasant passage, reached Havana, which
port she left on the 8tH fnst The following par
ticulars were written out by & passenger for the
Republican. The gale commenced on Friday, and
that night it was first known that she had sprung
a leak, and after hard working at the pumps the
whole day, the water still gained upon the ship:
At 4 p. m. we spied a sail and fired our guns,
and our flag was at half-mast; it .was seen and,the
Kritr "Marind’’ nf Rnttnn Kr.ro rtnvnn n nnn ... .
[FROM OUR CORRXSrOMPEXT.]
Boston Politics—Mr. Buchanan—Louse ll and
its Factories—Saratoga.
The politicians of Massachusetts and Boston
particularly are entirely State politicians. - Mr.
Everett, the acknowledged leader of New Eng
land, has lost character with the Bostonians,
because he is'more national and enlarged in bis
ideas upon the slavery question than suits the
pervdrted taste ofhis fellow citizens. They ad
mire him as a mao, and value his high position
as a acholar, and none are, -or can be, unmoved
by bis stirring eloquence, yet I have littlo'donbt
that Mr. Everett stands to day at the head of a
small minority in State politics, and like Daniel
Webster when denied the use of-Fanueil Hall”
has been thrown aBide by the wire pullers in
State Conventions, because he cannot longer
be made subservient to their viows.
I have seen the charge made in southern jour
nals that no doubt knew how false it was in
fact, “that the whole abolition and Black Re-
publican press were supporting Mr. Buchanan.
This it is needless to say is a vile fabrication.—
I had made up my mind to investigate this matter
and if possible to detect any secret sympathy be
tween them and the administration of Mr. Bu-
chanan. And I must confess that if it had been
fully protmu that aucb affinity did exist—if
It hsd been clear to my mind that the uecoreed
projects of Greely, Seward & < Co., controlled
to the least extent, the council} of opr Federal
Administration, I should have been prepared to
bare abandoned it to the tender mercies "of its
enemies. But I have looked in vain for any
the least evidence - of such complicity. The
Daily Republican Press of Boston " bsive ’ for
saw us and responded to our cal . ,
us. Capt. - Herndon told our condition,.a
her to day by ua and send a boat as we had none
left. She promised fo do- eo, but it was the laat we
s»w of her, except- at a distance, which grew great-
At seven o’clock we saw
— *~r;sjb»t' j
brig "Marine” oi Boston bore down upon us; we
then consdered our safety certain. She came
near, and we spoke, to her and told eur condition.
She lay by at abdot. one mile distant,, and we in
the only three boats saved placed ail the women
and children, and they, were safely put on board
the brig. So far so, good—but evening wal? fast , —r. .... ...
approaching; and we.diacoversd another sail, which .*«*•“ exhausted their, ingenuity to prove, to
■am m n AnJ BAAnAnijArl Ira mha aaII am J - — *_ #Laia ham J it. —i Nf m D .1 a 1. _ _ .. 1J A _ iL.
the North are'so terribly enraged at his not ac>
ing more'openly in their favor. His enemies
at the North declare that he has assumed a sem
blance of justice and fairness towards tho free
State-party only the more * effectually to aid
southern adventurers and southern institutions.
Heaven grant they may be right, and that events
may-prove that Mr. Walker’s course in Kansas
may riot, after all, do us as much harm as
lifcvp hitherto supposed. Even those of the Re
publican press that approve of Mr. Walker, yet
denounce Mr. Buchanan and his Cabinet as riot
sustaining him In the good work 6f furthering
the views of the Free State party. I am sure
none of your Democratic friends -could listen
morning after morning as I have done for the
last month, in Philadelphia, Nefa*York and
Boston, to the wild howlirigs of abuse which
the vile and unprincipled abolition organs of
those cities have poured upon the present ad
ministration, without feeling that the Cabinet,
and its chief, must aftor. all, .be our friends sinco
they are so constantly abused by our enemies.
And nothing in my opinion shows how little
the opposition in Goorgia have to make capital
out of) in-a stronger light than to see statements
of wbat lengths the American speakers go in
trying to convict Mr. Buchanan upon bis Silli-
man letter, and other slight evidences they pitch
up from time to time, of abolition sympathy.
Surely they can have but little knowledge of
the.current of events at the North. The Dem
ocratic party of the Narth is our sole reliance^
and to it we must look alone for aid and com
fort, if at all, beyond the Potomac.
Leaving Boston, your correspondent paid a
hasty visit to Lowell, the famed seat of inteBb
gent labor, where literature and manual skill is
aaid<o be united in a wonderful degree ; where
the young ladies spend the hours of the day in
close Factory employment, and in the evening
read, and discuss politics, fine arts and litera
ture. Evenscience. it is said, Has been culti
vated by them, and the newspaper which is con
ducted by the young ladies of the Factories, is
said to exhibit much taste and intelligence, and
to receive a large patronage. If they are all
as kind and pleasant as the superintendent of
design in the Carpet Factory, who so conside
rately took charge of the writer, and exhibited
her art-treasurers and tho -wonders of the loom,
they are all that their friends claim for them.
Law ell is suffering at present under great
pressure. • The Factories pro working under
half their capacity. The high price of cotton
and the money pressure having caused many of
th«m to suspend entirely. To describe to your
readers the wonderful triumphs of machinery—
how the design for a carpet is made upon paper
reproduced in paste board, with the figures out
out in little holes, frpm which the machinery
takes the cue and does its own painting, while
the shuttle flies like lightning back and forth*
would be interesting perhaps; but too tedious to
harden your columns with at this time. ' We
hope the time is not distant when the South will
take more interest in these matters, and become
less dependent on other sections for these fab
rics made from a staple shipped from our own
doors. * - ‘
From Boston our course led us to Saratoga
by Rail, passing through Norwitch, where sev
eral thousand firemen collected from all New
England) were holding a grand-Jubilee, also
catching a hasty glance of Springfield with its
wonderful armories, where myriads of caps, bol
lets, c&unister shot,balls, and all other munitions
of wftr as well as all of the finer Ismail arms
of the army,are made and,held ready for Uncle
Sam, when he shall need them: At Springfield,
also, was held the anual Horse fair at which
five'hundred choice horses were said to be as
sembled—two thirds of whioh were trotters or
pacers, that could “come incide of three min-
; uteSi* These cattle and horse shows, commence-
ing in August, last till October, and our fine oc
casion for showing off and selling good stock.
The Route to Saratoga leads through many in
teresting villages, and the nothel-n portion of the
road passes through some as charming scenery
a». Now England can boast of. Upon every
side Mountain, views, little streams with.their
oaskades, farms, seems with the Mowers gath-'
ering Hay, the lazy <rowa groaning under their
heavy bags, and broad oxen, suggestive of fat
steaks fillup the landscapes. The cars whist
ling along melts all into one picture and indeed
long before you can enjoy its beauties, it has
been left behind. Albany the capital and Troy
six miles above, both cities, are worthy of a
days visit, Albany with its 90,000 inhabitants
and Troy with nearly half as many, would be
consideredlarge qities at the south, but here we
scarcely ever hear tftem mentioned as such.
Saratoga the resort of health and pleasure
seekers, the leader of fashion and ton, would
welkrepay a long description, but it is impossi
ble to take the space in.your paper to do so,
the high elevated ridge upon which the Springs
are situated gives them a fine climate and the
views, drives and .scenery in the neighborhood
are magnificent. The cotnpany drawn from
the whole Union are of the wealthiest and most
fashionable classes, among the visitora were few.
er Southerners than usual yet among theta w*
were glad to find many Georgians,'whose well
known faces were'doubly welcome to a stran
ger in a sfrange larid.
ic, and ia going fortfown. In many of the
counties the Americas are not running afiy
candidates for the Legislature.
• I passed through a prtion of Cherokee coun
ty yesterday which i^rery fertile! The copper
mfrie is in Oriceessful iperation, and will visit.it
on my return to Catersville. I passed nearly
on raj return to Catersville. \I passed nearly
through the whole Cherokee purchase, from
west to east, in a zigzag way from Polk, near
the'Alabama line, tcold Gwinnett county,
the east. The pecple are cheerful, healthy,
hospitable and happ*; the children and young
people as blythe andagilo as the deer that leap
through the fresh nountain air; the married
women look as fair md lifely as girls. Here is
ropka and brooks, ar,d -hijs and vales, where
milk and honey flow. Through the politeness
of Col. Foster, I have beet enabled to see much
that might Otherwise havt escaped me. ^l'he
planters impart of tleir rich abundance to the
stranger) rarely chjTging. ■ -Thri slate mines in
Polk, and Pauldingare of immense value. We
found a coperas mne above Vanwert and iron
pintes, and gold oa^rich and abundant in the
19tb and 3d of Padding. There is gold «
plenty a few miles fflow “Dallas.” We saw
iron and copper oar ipng in the road us we
passed through the mountain defiles 15 miles
east of Canton. The mineral wealth of this
portion of the Siate is wonderful, a hundredth
part of which ts not vet found ouv This is
destined to b6 a great mining country. We
passed 16 miles between the mountains and
Etowah river, close the margin of the ri*«
all the way through a’defile, in many places the
passage has been effected by art at great ex
pense, th6 huge, rocks have been blown up
with gun powder, and the fragments used in
building houses on the lower side of the road.
On this passage we saw the flouring mills of
Mark A. Cooper,” that turn out 200 barrels
of flour in 24 hours, the “rolling mills” of
Messrs. Cooper Ac Hext,” that turn out 5 ton
of iron per day. The iron is good. And furth
er up in the Foundry that U doing an extensive
business. The mountains near the Foundry
afford rich beds of iron ore. At one place along
tho defile the mountain nearly ail rock, project
ed quite 150 feet perpendicularly over khad on
the left of the road, and on the right a few paces
was the water’s edge, and on .the left a rock
having on it a small spruce pine hung over the
road, 150 feet high, making the traveller start
from apparent danger as be imagined it was in
the act of falling on him. We are now at the
house of “Mathew Cunningham,” whom-you
recollect was a member of the Legislature of
Georgia in 1855, and died at Milledgeville -du
ring, or aX the close of the session. The place
where we are is on the southern extremity of
the “Alleghany Mountains,” an.d as the grade
of the rail road is in some places 30 feet to the
mile, are at least a mile and a half’ above “Al
bany and Ft. Early,” the places where centres
all our hopes and affections. Wheat is from
65 to 90 cents per bushel. In Polk and Pauld
ing and other places, from 30 to 100 bushels
of corn is made to the acre, and of wheat from
15 to 40 bushels.
“Dr. Flanegan” brings pure living water
through tubes from the top of Mount Etna, and
supplies his premises bountifully, with this gush
ing cold-“sine quonon” of man and beast.
The blue limestone affects the boweb, the
free stone does operate on the low countryman
as the lime stdne, but “its extreme coldness
produces almost too sadden a reaction on one
unaccustomed to it. The water here is deci
dedly chalebiate, and is working wouders for
those of us afflicted.
Nature cuts up some Of her wildest freaks in
this favored part, and fancy is lost in contem
plating fbe mineral wealth and/nountain scene-
r y-
S.
their readers that Mr. Buehanap was sold to the
South body and soul, ’that his Cabinet ale all
under southern influence, and controlled by utv
tra southern viewis. Even poor Walker, Whose
ill-fated destiny it.sUeius to be,.to have lost e>..
Wend, to have thrown away every tObxneo
p.-y> -J*#•:*•
[coaiftsroirooira or nm patxiot.]
’ ' Bio Cheek P. O., Ga., Sept. 16,1S57.
Dear Col.:—I might have written from Carr
tersville, Vanwert or Dallas, as we have visited
all/thesq places in a few days, and have seen a
good deal of the wealth and resources of North-
weslcro.tSeprgia and, Cherokee—but will now
sum op u few boding features.,which may.oot
beorfintorestiog to yourmany readers.
From the Atlanta Intelligencer, Sept. 17.
Letter from Judge Drown.’
Canton, Georgia,)
* • September 11th, 1857. \
Dear Sir: I have your letter calling my at-*
tention to the fact that my position in refeience
to the sale of the Western & Atlantic railroad
has been misrepresented by my opponent in his
speeches in wour county. I wish it were in my
power to say.that this was the only particular
in which injustice bad •been done me by misre
presentation.
The question of the sale or retention of the
road, is a simple question of State policy, in
voting no constitutional difficulty.
• The road has been built with the people’s
money, raised by taxation It is their property.
Whether they will sell it or not, is a question
proper for their determination. They will, at a
proper time, make their decision through their
representatives in the legislature. My confi
dence in their intelligence induces tae to believe
that they are competent to decide-for themsel
ves, whether or riot they will sell. their own
property, without the necessity of being lec
tured on that subject, either by myself or my
opponent. *
We botfc complain that Gov. Walker has in
tervened in the affairs of Kansas, and has at-
tempted to dictate to the people as to the mode
in which they shall form thpir Constitution.—■
We say the people of Kansas r.ro coni potent to
decide this questidt^for themselvea. Should we
not accord to the people df Georgia as high a.
standard of intelligence, and that they are com
petent to determine .for themselves a simple
question of dollars and cents? Neither of us, if
elected Governor, will have any right to.iotro~
duce a bill into either branch of the legislature.
As no bill for the sale of the’roari can originate
with the Governor, the only question of,interest
to the advocates of the sale of the road, so far
as thoGovernor*8 position is concerned, is, will
he sanction the bill if-passed by the legislature ?
If I am elected Governor, .in.my inaugural
address I shall call tho attention of the legisla
ture to this whole raatter r ftnd a*k them as rep
resentatives of the people, in * their wisdom, to
determine whether they’ will retain the road,
jease it Tor a term' of years or sell the^vhole. pr
any part of.it, to private individuate or compa-
And.if they will do neither, I shall sub
i First, aa to politics* lhe country ia Oomoflraf^J Should theiogiiUture.
of the. rpad, containing such details as to^T*
tect the interests of the people, it would reeewj
mV sanction, Would ray opponent gofaffi,,*
aod sanction a hill ftr the sale of the road
not regard to the Jdetaiis of tho bill, or th.
terests of the.people? * • °*
The details- which I regard material are tU
following;
lsl. The road should be sold for its fairvalg,
--JGeprgfo: is hot so much in debt that she
obliged to sacrifice her property to raise mone,
The people have been taxed to build the road-,
they have invested a large amount of mone/S^
if. and. in my judgment, that amount should
not he foolishly or hastily squandered. Wq
should not desire to sell the road simply for the
purpose of saying that we are rid of it. flj,
said, that it cost us, in round numbers, somaaij
millions of dollars. This is a large sumofmon.
ey, and it should not be’squandered, oritssecu-
rity aa a permanent fund endangered, for the
advancement of the fortunes of any, even the
most ambitious political aspirants.
In 1843, the legislature of Georgia passed a
bill authorizing the Governor to sell the road
provided ho did not take less than one million of
dollars for it. This act remained in force tj||
1850. Had the Governor the first oftheyea r
1850, sold the road as he bad authority to do
for one million of dollars, and had the money!
as might have been the case, been wasted by
improvident legislation, every Georgian who
now looks upon the road as being worth five or
six millions of dollars, must have deeply regret
ted our jropruderice.
This shows the importance of calm, disp**.
sionate action, in matters involving suph im
mense interests.
2d, If the road is sold, the people. of Geor
gia should have the preference in the purchase
of the stock. Books should be opened in every
county in the State, on the same day, giving
every citizen who desires it, an oppotunity to
take stock, and denying to any capitalist the
right to take more than some reasonable a-
monnt, to be determined by the legislature, uo.
till all the people of the State have had a fair
oppotunity to subscribe for the stock. I believe
the stock of the road in the hands of a private
company would be the best paying stock in
Georgia. The plan above proposed, would de.
ny to the wealthy capitalists the oppotunity of
seizing upon the entire stock of the road, and
would give the laboring men, though he may
have money to pay but fora single share, a fair
oppotunity in the purchase of the stock. In my
opinion, this is proper.
3d. Tho question of freights should be so
guarded in the contract of sale, that the road
could not be made an engine of oppression up
on the people of Georgia in future.
In the event of^i sale of the road without this
safe-guard, the company purchasing, would
have.the right, in future, to impose their own
terms of freights and passage, and the.State
bound by her solemn ‘contracPof sale, could not
interfere to protect her citizens. And let it not
be forgotten that by company owning this
road would not he driven by competition, as
most other roads are, to keep down their freights
to a reasonable"standard
• Our road is. the only connecting link between
the net-w ork of railroads, at each end connec
ting a large portion of tho Atlantic coasts with
the mighty West. There can by no competi
tion. Hence tho necessity in the contract of
for guarding the interests of the people on
the subject of freights, (including way freights,)
and passage over the road, either by retaining
the control of the matter in the hand? of thi#
legislature, or cornpeTing the company to sub
mit to be governed hy some reasonable stan
dard.
4th. The money received for the road should
be protected against hasty and improvident teg-
islation, otherwise the whole amount might Ire
wasted by a single legislature, and the people
ould then have neither the road nor the [nice
ceived for it; and, in a few years, they might
he utvihle to point to the permanent benefit de
rived from its expenditure.
One o.’/mtlutf'ibill, uniting the strength of the
different sections, and effecting different local
interests, might command votes enough in the
legislature to appropriate the whole fund. The
fund could be protected against this character
of legislation, by adding an additional section
to the Constitution, setting the principal apart
permanently, for snob purposes as wisdmn and
justice might dictate, and placing it beyond the
power of the legislature to reach it. The mon
ey could be secured in this way-: first, to the
payment of the debt of the State; second, for
the education of the children of the State*. Let
a sufficient sum, say two or three millions of
dollars, he set^part perpetually for this purpose
•end only the annual interest used, and used on
ly for the education of the children of the State.
This wvnlJ be an educational fund, of which
we might justly be proud. The remainder of
the money might be invested in good stocks,
and the interest paid annually into the Treasu
ry of the State, thus reducing the taxes of the
people; or it might be used in lending aid to
the construction of other roads, provided those
desiring its use could make the State amply se
cure by mortgage or other sufficient 'security.
Or it. might be otherwise disposed of, as pru
dence and wisdom might dictate, for the benefit
of the periple.
Of course, f refer here only to the remainder
after payment of the State debt, and the perma
nent establishment of a sufficient school fund.
I regard these, objects ss paramount, and as
taking precedence over all otfiers.
The above are. .the four important points
which have suggested themselves to my mind
as necessary to he guarded in the event of the-
sale of the road. Wi.th these points substanti
ally guarded, I should not hesitate to give my
sanctio» to a bill for the sale of the road. .1°
determining the question of time, when it would
be best toaell the road',- the people should take
kito the acoount, the fact that the amosotof
annual income.from the road will have much to
do in-determining the price .which the road wiH
command in the market. The resent comply
tioff of the Memphis and Charleston road l*
greatly increasing the freight* and travel ovef
our road. The road from Nashville to Loan*
yille, Kentucky,passing through the rich valley*
of Kentucky, and connecting our road'with the
Ohio,' as it is now connected with the Mi** 1 **
sippi river, will be completed within & year or
two froiri this time, which will add immen^ff
to the freights and travel on the Stattf'raad.-*
Add to this the TqrthprTact that the East TM*
nessf&.atid-Virginia road f will be complejed w
a lew months, forming a continuous raijiw
connection- from Dalton to Washington OTi
and it is probable .that the increase, in the vala*
of our road,, whew thd connections ft® ’
>vill be- very groat. • A* long as the annual 10*
crease in the value of the road is more than W
interest on the money invested, the question
liiEti X «- _ . .. .... - , MX- — J .
mit for their determination the question which to the policy of its sale, is one which ad -
baa teen - submitted to previous legislature.;— itself to the , calm judgment, and sober
• “Whether it'would not bo better to take the thought of the people.-
not —,e,it of tberbadqutof the hands of ffia From. 1843;to 1850, the Governor »*-!. '
management
Exeoutivet”-
thorized to sell tho road for one million doiW
Ig J85P, tjio legislature repealed t|ie act, "i 1
sli*.