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A. G- MU EBAY, VOLUME X. THE AMERICAN UNION,! Pnblished every Saturday Morning, . . . A. G. MUniIAY. on BROAD sriIEKT, WEST END THE NEW BRICK o,i RANGE—I P STAIRS. TERMS: , r n ,tLirs in aitmnn\or Three Dollars after six months. TT °TSrU,uons taken for less than one year, unless Mo “ bs ®"P : n „a ho ppei_discontinueil (unless at pud >n a, ' vi * publisher) until nil arrearages are the option ui “'■’ r>Til.’\lFNTS conspicuously inserted at One ADVInR. llsn. ** , wc |y t , lines, for the first insertion, Dollar per s'!'’ jj subsequent eontiuuanee. am} t ‘tty Hl)l unom/ia ntnl la/ a s/vrifir not ire of t insertions ilesireil, inll hr runt in licit until thennmU ofinteri a(rortUn „ hh •s° r '-(rs bale’s under regular executions, and mortgage ti Sh fa” on real -.state, must be published do days . .$2.50 Personal Property, under mortgage f, tas, must be ("Uthmsfor lletterVoi Adlninistration,3o days.... 275 j K r. tat l;.Kr::::: i:E .Sales o ’ . f, l( .i e * ttVe to sell lands or negroes, must X'published weekly for 2 montlis ••••••• •>■' \nhce< for Letters 1 lisimssory by Executorsor Ad miuistrutors, monthly for t, months |..>o [ By Guanliana, weckl) for *■) *U> ’’ **’ * } - n Cioidiifatl-Vtt.; hr part in ailranr,) ... 5.00 1 itnlers “1 Courts of Ordinary to make titles to laud, tu eomi.antod by a e pv of the bond or agreement, must ■ bj published three months. RATES OF ADVERTISING. .riit i.’ following are the Kates of Charges for Ad tv r 1 1- , I sin l ', determined on hetweeu the undersigned, t” , taiiC effect from the time of entering ir l j any new < ■ n- j Adverting, $1 00 per square, for the t „t insertion, and 50 eent- for every subs.-.mentj.ne. __ . Ai.vKiniw.NK. : :i (j ’ , ” . u, it Lout!• S 1 : ‘ ,w * 1 *>]U&n • ri*‘;tv. “ 7 im lu nc I- “■ t* **n :"i -o -Viii oo! 12 ft- 1 u noj i< , ■ * , IvPh.eit eii in —.,d0n015 in 2o tub 2no - 5, ‘ U,l ■ ts on- 21 15..-2, trt-~ Changed at will ! JV} “T !''! 3-! ft Square*, tvoh .ut e.iung';.., U I•. - : srwht , :.'i *!- ’ , cduuin, 1 woho at idi ange.. |2sOn SI o In - o'. * Cl Hired .mu trill.-I 2s. on 32 n > I. on, .. Changed at will |3s<>>| 45 On. aO-un si “• icolumn. othjmtehoug v ..; -> J- <j ft , ” • vi transient al. iseiu iiTs will be inierted until Cd d..-roniinue 1. ami ‘. ‘ - * ;.■ ■ > .. .. Wu * ua v. c \i id'ivi. ■■■... - • *t* ** ,\.i i. MR I! I! tV. •’ tm- in. I “ .n. eoktry. .NteNcnii., - ■ ... ~ mi.sk . months •’ ‘ 1 ‘ . v tVtl..-1-s !.- ‘■••'■ ■’ 1 . , r e.v ••’ t |ir.*ci •••• i ■ • , * . * , -i •■ * . ]’, it w cut s Ilm iiitvti’l no sko. a •’ ;‘ ; .. wittor is £•■ “m-..: i- . lios** .*<* • * - <.ll! hlUfl) !.•’ ■ r ’ . . ‘it, Jirry t Jv-rtt ’ ■■■ ■ _ ■■- > jrlK-sfi ynlir Itl'.Tf.t .nOi t I ■!'• t’ 1 • t . wont in”. ‘ *ti l sir', m \ s.t,u.des wile'll sins li.'i’” 1 “ . . t.:—... ..,1. n fin : Vlrit 1 !>"y <” ‘ '■* 1 : tlii'inl.ev nt In.- ! ‘ c. en ■ : ■ ‘ avhlt a-'..i.n ■ • : they li.rl •!. ■ ‘ in • ••. i • ; filn* lini;n!’ ‘• ‘ *•* ; - T .... , . | , .. \ •. teller ItFtti'J . ! • find x fcnf o ‘ “i • • • | go pro .{V 111 I *i' s ..11 : ‘''''’ I*l I * r. s *i, 1 V”, i 1 ’ ouei> imtRM 1 ‘ •• (u kuiiw t'V v. ‘< t ! *’ •’ \vaslu**l mto tii ** • . ‘ :I.’ i • i* 1 Ills, eye ... ” 2■!l ! e : .‘ ■ ■•.•■■■ lie clinoge.l Ihe 1. . I ‘ , 1 , tnor fiv id “lie:.’ ‘■ ‘ Vr ‘ , , >tiikiiisr “ill’ ‘■ 1. • • ’■ ■ J aaves me •m.ikos Ilia here, -.y ~ . out l*v ;i .1.1 y. iiml C’ >■ w • • , viic.l IJoashcy m ; ; li.juor.”’ ffjj"\ \\’;is|iir,r ton r. i -j” “ \ Y. o>uiu*r s'tys li ol 1 •'•<* • *’ J **'. ‘ ‘ titulcr coiiMtlcration too it Anna's <iowniinont. : 1 1 Treasury. He t'uit ‘..i.-y ta .. t’.v i-'su, i \ ‘ o* MISCELLANEOI S. / i . / The First Telegraph Message. The following, from an exchange intpor, gives a description of the cjKc.utiistaliens eoiiiiectei! with the successful terinination of l’rof. Morse's efforts to establish the magnetic telegraph, with the occasion of the lirst telegraph message that passed over its wires : He now returned to his native land front Eu rope, anti proceeded immediately to A ashinglon j where lie renewed his endeavor to procure the passage of the bill granting the appropriation of Towards the close of the session ol 1844, the House of Representatives took it up and passed it by a large majority, and it only re-; mained for the action of the Senate. Its pro gress through this House as might he supposed was watched with the most intense anxiety bv Professor Morse. There were only two days ! Mure the close of the session, and it was found! an examination of the calendar, no less than | one hundred and forty-three bills had precedence , , Prof. Morse had nearly reached the bottom of. j nis purse, his hard earned saviogs were almost: spent, and although lie had struggled on with 1 undying hope for many years, it is hardly to he wondered at? if hcNfelt disheartened now. <n “enight of the session he remained till nine; o’clock, and then left wit horn the slightest hope jnat the bill would be passed, lie returned to n>s hotel, counted bis money, and found tliataf jer paying his expenses to New York, lie would nave seventy-five cents left. That night lie went l° bed sad, hut not witljoiit hope for the future, ■orthrough all his difficulties and trials, that, never ftirsooklfiin. ‘ The next morning, as be j ‘ v ns going t 0 breakfast one of the waiters inform- [ lmn-tfiat s young lady was waiting to ** him. Ho went in immediately and found the young lady was MisOillsworth, daugh- Commissioner, of patents, who iiad j beo his most steadfast friend whilo in Wash ington 1 come,’ said she, ‘to congratulate you.’ t> - / * o A “ ■ wuoii. ‘For what 2’ said l'rot. M.’tse. ‘(.‘ii the passage <>t your lull, she replied. ‘(Ill, no; you must he luis'akeli.’ sni.J, lie. ‘I remained in the Senate till a Fit<• hour last iiiulit and there was no prospect ol its being reach- 1 ed.’ ‘Ain I the first then,’ she exclaimed joyfully, ‘to tell you ‘Yes, if it is really so.’ ‘Well,’ she continued, ‘father remained till the adjournment, and heard it passed, and l asked him if I might not run over and tell you.’ ‘Annie,’ said the Professor, his emotion almost J choking Imutterance. ‘Annie, the first message j that is sent from Washington to l’altimoro shall ; he sent from vott.’ ‘Well,’ she replied, ‘1 will keep you to your word.’ While the line was in process of completion Prof. Morse was in New York, and upon receiv ing intelligence that it was in working order lie wrote to those in charge telling them not to transmit any messages over it until his arrival. | lie then set (Hit immediately for Washington, j and on reaching that city, sent a note to ..liss Ellsworth informing her that he was now ready to fulfil his promise, and asked her what message lie should send. To this he received the following reply: — •What hath Cod wrought f—words that ought to he w ritten in characters of living light. Ihe message w :is twice repeated, and each time with j the greatest success. As soon as the result of the experiment was made known, (.oveiuor Sey mour, of ('ontiectic'it, who is at present United -Stales Minister to St. Petersburg, called upon IV.>f. Morse and claimed the first message tor his State on the ground that Miss Ellsworth was a native of Hartford. Wen.vd scarcely add that ! his claim was iidmiite.l, and now engraved iu j f!leis of’ gold, it is displaced conspicuously it* I the urc hi Vis ot ti.e Historical Society ol V. ‘til.ee- i lieu!. An Av; me \Rat 1 km. —East summer, Rob | E. cr> es il the Atlaii'ic to spend ;l little til.;.', and a good deal ofnioiiev in looking at the wo-{ na n and wonders of the old world. Among the j •aica!, :s wlii.fli i.e to along', ‘'hist lur -tne_fnii ; of lie; tiling,” V. .is a small s: • 1 MlappU'g- till'tie. j iiav'ng a week’s le'sine a! !.••:; ‘on, J':i -i:ed • no hi • imps and w . i,t over i.. 1 1 .•.;i in 1. ‘I i ■ liist ; nig!.! hep e-cdoti f. • s -1. was .a a little road ‘de j mil. a'loul fi.io ■'! mi'esf.e.-i I.):;!-lili. Having | pan,,i:. ii of a - •> j -i’ of bacon ,ai'd egg-, Hoi. j w a iked ‘ nto the bar, and .] ! i.e* tin ( !e oil t lie j f,.. :'. i In- first, pci'-oii to notice t!i e vrutciy v., s Mr. 1 linn, who kept llie house'. “An 1 what do you call that 2” ‘•That is an American rat dog. “A what:'’ ‘ An AuuU'.caii ra 1 dog. M,i-i:a, go long—and do you cal! .such a spa!-! :. cl! a dog ■■ I do, in 1 and, and lie is worthy ol lii.s . “'■AV.il he fight 2” “Y> s, sir. notonlv llglil, Hut will whip any , pound Jog in Irel.at 1.” ••Will voit hold in” ton shillings on that “I w i!:.” •'Enough,” lid T'linti. “Harney, get t! i. hri:- who we 1-Higlit of Sic ridaii yesterday, and .let him olll.” J larii. V did a- <h s': The hriudle pup pur chased * 1 >li. ii lan w. - I i'. night lit. ‘I he hrill die pup took a look at Ins Ameii.-tn r.d ‘lon. .and liien made a plunge. She caught the Inin * “ *— ‘ j die pup bv tire nose. Tii,.- leindle pup” gave one yell and put tortile dour. \\ lien last seep he was riv.-iong towards I hi'-in as il In. had i/'ght tiil cu. * adds lied to his tall. Whether Id nil gave up • tin? money without getting a s!ic!.'il:,li to act as umpiie. will he known when the next stcauisliip ar rives. The Next Congress. The Washington Or;/nn has the lollowingclas 'silictiiioii of the next Collgie.-s, Jin.) upon that predicates the subjoined speculations : Nebraska 1 kmoerats 7n Auti-Nehraska Hemocrats II National Americans 37 i Anti National Amciieaiis 23 ’ Repiihlicans ‘l7 | Whigs HI | The Hemocrtitic mrty is thus in ltii- j nority. It is at vvtir>wli i’ ull| —TTTtfI with each , of the other parties. It has not the most rent.de chance of ti national majority; and although its: followers boast loudly “f the vicLudcs tliev are to gain, vet. the I ’residential .piesfion S ami the whole police of the government may he | settled by the present Congress, Not by the j next. In this exigency, where will the 1 democratic party look tor aid'to maintain their legislation 2 Wili Seward, Chase and \\ iisott, with their toh lowers, Hreelv and Raymond, come to the help of the “Nebraska ini.ptity 2” They ltiivc co-op erated faithfully to'br.ak down the only party j that stood between them and their unhallowed j purposes. What, we repeat will the. Southern J Democrats do ! They will be compelled to ap peal to the National Americans whom tin y have assailed with such abominable injustice. They will ask the co-operation of the American party j in sustaining their own laws and the peace ot the , country. j Hut is it possible that a party so recklessly as sailed as the American Order lias been, can per mit itself to be approached by its detainers 2 _ It j can keep no terms with no such T he . American Older has stood underarms for the law passed by this speculative administration. It has bravelv borne not only the brunt of its abo lition adversities, but the desertion of its own men : yet- the a.lministrati hi, with the maligni ty of Mexicans, has been. Tiring upon the men t i It .• • it: ■< i r< 1111 •! 1 11 ■! * who wore maintaining position tr.mi a .-eHv of duty. These men w ill nqt abandon their post or their principles. They will iiiamtaifi the law, noTnafTcr-wTio'piPWitinnntllicn -thrye will carry out all those prim-ip! -s of nattona. re- T.irm whte.li tlic Atnetlean js-oplo demand, and tlic apprehension of which-is the true cau.-e o*, the administration clamor. Hut let see whether even the co-operation tho American party will sa the country uom Tlic whole Democratic Nebraska vote in the GUIFEIN, GEORGIA, SATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 3, lSr>s. next lion eof Representatives will be seventy. — ] The National Ameriean vote will he thirty-seven. This vote, will fall eleven short of a majority, hut tljjs max - be out l*y the vote .T c.nt- | servative Nurtliern and Democrats, j who whilst tliev in.'iy have been committed s,,u)e j m .nths ago to vote tor tin; repeal ot the obnox ious legislation, have since seen the’ advantages tli.*v will thereby give to the Hlack Republicans, and will sustain a sonseinviitive and Union organ-! Ration, to prevent the House falling into the hands of those dangerous and designing fanatics. T he result, we predict, is inevitable, from thema-1 terial of which parties are at present constitute 1. It will rejuire the co-operation of enemies, elier isliing an unabated hostility to each oilier, hut it will he indispensable to the salvation of the Union, and this compulsory co-operation will take place, even if the parties sever the instant after, and resume the conllict upon the issues of na turalization and administration reform for the ; first (plosion is vital. Sectionalism inns/ he put down, ( ttlier questions are comparatively epbc- ; meral. Thev may he postponed, but if the Union he “laid on the table,” it can never he called up again. t-i.iin ti..’ Ak-nii his Hu"!.’ anil tin.purer. Tho’lufluence of Immigration upon tlic Tublic ! Lands. CitAttLEY Fox I'AiNK, the American candidate, for ( iovernor of Mississippi, is deserving success bv the gallant manner in which he is conducting the canvass. His speeches are able and tortile and with facts which ought to convince, the tniiu!, \\bile his elo.pteiice should captivate the heart. He is, in ail the elements of greatness, the su perior of little Mcßae. In his recent speech at , Colfecviile, Mr. l'.iM AiM: used alt argument to show that unless our pieselit s\stem of immigra ‘ tiwn is'modrth’.l, the poorer classes of our na- j live citizen the voting heirs of the government —will, in a few years, he reduced to serfs nj,d slaves of the opulent. We reproduce the idea in the hope that it. will find a “lodgment” in the public mind everywhere. The l uite.l Siut.-s is the great landholder of the nation. She has | millions of acres, which are now offered at such ‘ giiii.'C’ as l>.> pln.-o tli.-m AvJlfiiu-liu. easy reach vf all, Every citizen, howsoever limited his means, I can now have his ow n house, —live beneath Iris own lv.of, and claim his huiiihlo cottage as his castle, —and cultivate his own grains, and fruits, atal tlowers. Rut, by our pry-scut system ol mi- j migration, which annually throws upon oursiior-1 os 500.000 foreigners, to be added to the iIVK mu. i.tons already here, I his land now owned by | the g.Avrimicnt, and otl'.'r. and, some at 23 and 50 1 ■ •.‘its. and miiii.. at -si 25 per acre, will soon be taken up In them and the rich capitalists of the count tv. Tiicc'tisequvnee will incut ably follow t!mt lands will go tip to $lO, or £2O per acre, las they .have'done from this cause in Illinois,■} I Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa; and other western i States; thus placing them beyond the reach of ! i!i., j.'or, wliof'npt being able to purchase iatiTisr, \ must become the renters and tenants of the rich, and on their own terms ;—a condition which , .Aery citizen should .shim as lie would shun war. ot ] -tilence. | T..-,-facts need no.enforcement. They com-! la iid tliem- Ives to the serious consideration ol K-t.-rv Amera-aii citizen. We already see the | effect of the working of the naturalization lawsp in the largo western States. A “stream of tor- , cigti imini gration. Like which the |iopuloi:s North ]\iurM Hover from her fr>zen I'oinrf, to jiiiss ! : iu.’ or th • !hin :i . when her l .irbaruus folia (’amt; like ;i ilelni'e on the South, ami .*j>rcad J'eiieath 1 1ihr.iit'T to the Lyhiau sum].- 8 , — a tireless and rampant multitude —made up ; n-ainlv of fanatics of every grade and character, ; hho quit their country lbr tlieir country's good— j iiave tak( ii pos ession of.largo tracts ot the pub- ! lie domain, and control the destiny even now j of the boundless West. The States in that quar ter present the strange and altogctlwr unnatural spectacle of being controlled by men whose; hearts and loves and undying memories are in J Europe, —men whose ideas and fancies are tin- : cliatigahly European. The abrasion of mind can-! not harmonize the antipathy of ideas and ntfee- I tion that exists between natives of diil’ercnt conn- i tries. The human heart returns tor solace and gin s its rvid love to the home which recalls our childhood. Auturn exfnllcs ftirca, lumen usque reenrret. It is the tLture of man to Les-! tow his h"st love upon his birth-place ;■ and na- i t lire maybe turne.lout of doors with violence, hut siikw'ii.sTiu, liKtrits. Such being the case, we can expect ti..thingfrom the now populous West. I lie 1 n.itiira!izati"ii laws have enchained her. We give her over to the coiittolrn'ent ot Eurojwaii ideas and heresies. - Hut, the South, and tlie ter ritory west unoccupied, we may attempt to save from the “stranger’s fever,” —to save for our own | children! T> that end, we insist upon a modifi cation of the naturalization laws and the suppres sion of indiscriminate immigration. “ A Saddlebags Grocery.” Among the presentments of the Hran.l Jury, of Cass county, Ca., the first week, we notice the following: I ‘The i irand Jury of the present week would I also most respectfully represent it as their opin ion, that something “like a saddle-bags -grocery . lias been kept by tiie Superior Court of this week, in the august personage of one ot the constables, without license “, w herefore we cannot safely con clmle.that the Temperance cause is highly es teemed, by that arm of the law, and while, we exonerate the Court from a knowledge even of this newly established feature in the traffic, still j we must net our faces against all saddle-liag gro- I ceries, and more especially when kept by a con/, stable in attendance-upon the Court. Tlie parti cular constable we have concluded thus to cau tion ize, and.hand his deeds ot consummate elhon terv and shame, down to future constables, as a vv-il-marked instance of wilful cootem/it of Cmirt. We did not see the liquor, hut we did see tho saddle-hags —and it is the deliberate opinion, of this duty that no other Jury ever saw • tt-paw-of saddle-bags as much like a jag of bran- • dy before —for they smelt like she jug lu \ ItitM \ broken. Now, a constable is quite a small ap pendage to tbe Court any how, and when bo ; ’ .rriivvs so beautifully less, as to become part and parcel of a pair of saddle-bags, that smells just! j like a broken jug of brandy, he attains to a sta-j | tiou so small iu our eyes that we think be’s ol j ‘'lto iise aTalt.’ “Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.” A G R ICH LT V R A L. Professor D. Lee's Lectures in the University of Georgia. I.IMi: V'Oll AtJHICt I.iTIIAL I*l lirilsKS. i At the request of the farincis, ati.l tlic class in College, attending l>r bee's l.ei-tnreson Scientific Agriculture in the University of (leorgia, the fob. I lowing remarks on the use of l.ime for Agrioultu -1 ml purposes are furnished for puhlication Hi:\ru.Mi.N : I shall state to you a few facts this morning, in tended to show the intimate and natural relations which .subsist between l ime and Agriculture These relations are rarely studied with that strict regard to facts and analytical accuracy required! to ‘mpart a thorough knowledge of the subject. :To understand the most obvious phenomena ot ‘(Voluble, and animal-growth, we must first learn th'..- I.l fare and pi'.ei.'i'tics of the several elcmenta ry bodies that combine to form the whole sub stance of plants and animals. All living beings i demand tor their increase in weight of organi and ! iuaticr. t•: 'd adapted by nature to tlunr respective j i w ,uts. i Where such food abounds, and all the circum i stances are favorable, plants and animals multiply ’ rapidly and attain their maximum dev.d ipcmcnt : hut if their necessary aliment he scanty in amount, or defective-in quality, it seems to repress the mul ti. licati.ni of living-beings, to make them small . I ; stature, and to bring them prematurely to the end , of the life within them. I t seems to be nil universal law of vegetable and , ■animal vitality, that it must either contract qr ex- ! , paud according to the yneans of suhsistatico lur - tii-b'-d to .rH-sv-.i'i'dl species. T l.is law ot tlie rise’ j ai'd deciinc-of species being too well known to re quire further elucidation. 1 proceed to call your attention to.the interesting facts, that in the ear lie t geological ages of our plarnd, before the car bonate of lime existed in quantity, it appears to | have been impossible for the earth to support any ’ thing more than the mere-rudiments, so to speak , ofTts orCTsetit flam and JaiTruT. So soon, however, as the water of the piimative oceans, abounded m 1 s. fable salts of lime, they began to teem with my riads of murine plants and mutuals, w hose remains tin i r.i. “mis petri. actions and skeletons, attest at jon their prodigious numbers during prolonged ‘go logical eras, and tTie never failing supply of 1 /.,>,,!■• with which they were surrounded. No one ’ can study the hones of ancient sea monsters, nm phiblals, and more recent land animals, now ex tinct. without being impressed with the fact that the largest masses of living flesh and blood have , been the natural outgrowth of an immeasurable, i inexhaustible supply of the phosphate, sulphate an carbonate of lime. No other earthly mineral, no foetal like iimi, eopp, r, ~<i...• g*td. e -ot t k ’ sihly serve as a basis in the economy of nature, ex ! cept by a special effort of creative power, to form iho shells of inoliusk.s, of Crustacea, and the skeie j tt.ns of unimais. i As all animals subsist either directly or indirect ly on plants, and plants on the soil and air. it is'l ’ easy to see tho importance ol lime iu supporting the vegetable and animal kingdoms. Wherever: j this mineral abounds making a calcareous earth. : ! with no opposing forces, there the oxtraoroinary growth of lore.-t trees, of her.'a.-, common grasses, and animals, proves the va-t superiority ol hni” in maintaining in.it a tidal, nor temporary fertility, hut, a luxuriant fruitfulness as permanent as it is i magnificent. j Natural phenomena so obvious to close observ t ers. and so important to civilized man, could not fail early to attract the attention of intelligent farmers. When marling was first practiced history does not inform us; hut Plincv, the ; naturalist, speaks of it as common in his time,! j and leads us to infer that it was not uncommon to j ! the ancient Romans who tilled the ground several j : centuries bcloro him. Roman cultivators intro ducc-d the practice into Spain, France, England, j and other European provinces of the empire— 1 There is a statute still extant of the English Par liament, enacted in the reign of Edward tlic Fir. t. j which directs those employed to survey and locate ! public highways to search on either side of the same for murl-hriis. Marl and lime being substan tially alike,, fjortu the groundwork cf more ‘..an ! half the rtVral literature of Europe for the last two centuries ; and fi r tho last fifty years both have been used in this country with the m>*-t sat isfactory results, hike all Other good things, i fitneTs liable to abuse: an.l it was long a popular saying in Front liritairi that “ l.ime enriches tbe j father bat impoverishes the son. It could not I enrich the lather nor any one as a fertilizer if it | did not add essentially to tlic crops of the land to 1 which it was applied ; and it could not injure tlic son or after cultivators, unless a had use was made , of the elements of fertility extracted from the sol] j through the agency of calcareous manure. Every ’ manure may he so used as to take more from the earth in crops than was applied in dung, and thus ! i t . a ve the land poorer than it was before the ma nure was used. This function of minerals and decaying vegetable and animal matter, we will ‘ study in detail hereafter. At present le: us en- quire how lime enriches the soil in the hr,t in stance,and consequently its owner, or “the lather. | Ist. It unites chemically with several ac (is both organic and inorganic, if present to an inju rious extent, and transforms them into the healthy sou l ..f Cultivated plants. Swamps and other low pi ‘.cos often abound in vegetable matter which is either s..ur and poisonous to growing crops, or in ert and valueless to the same. To correct this ascidity, which operating as antiseptic on wood, and loaves, prevents their rotting in stagnant wa ter. draining and limrnjr have b. en found by long experience to ho tho best remedies ‘I he one n moves th® Stagnant water, the other’ removes an sourness from the land. Lime dots more than sweeten tlic soil where it is sour. , 2d. It decomposes tho sulphates and pnosphates | of iron and alumina, and thereby supplies to cul ; tivatod plants the gypsum and h-sle-anth. The [ sulphate of irohTi cbporas a very soluble sail which w/ten injur, s.-otton in soils which lack lime .[him is the sulphate of alumina and p >t ish : and being quite soluble, it not unfequently exists in ex ccss ill the soil The I’luster of Paris, <>r gypsum is formed when simple hum or marl is added to land that contains alum water Unlike coperas and alum, the phosphate o! iron and the phosphate 4 of alumina rarely if ever injure crops, and until decompounded they are valueless as the .and of plants. Providence h.ving made the plie.-phato of lime the basis of all hoars, and made all animals alike dependent on the soil f r the same, has given to lime the power to extraet pin.spin rie acid fiom all those ba-es where it is unavailable in the 1 great economy of living things. . Suppose lime be less generally diffused >v. r the , surface of continents and islands than potash, so da. magnesia, chlorine, carbon, uitv g.oi sulphu ric and phosphoric uei.H ‘ lake him*, tlt.-se are all in.lispcnsiblo to the growt.. <>t agt’iciiltural plants, fit follow < that cultivators woul i he more likely to convey lime from places where it abounds ! to places vvhern it is lacking, than any other ole t rnent of crops. The history of tillage and of the j improvement of arated land fully confirms this ’ view .of the sill ject. l.ime has been longer mid m,.re extensively used to renovate and rejuvenate partially exhausted fertility than any other sub stance whatever, < xcept the Jung of domestic ani -1 mills. ! 3d. There is known from recent chcm.cal re searches, and agricultural experiments, .another important function performed l y this alkaline mineral. I .Mature and perfect plants of wheat, coin- pota- j ! toes and I believe cotton, contain some four times ■ n.iii-i* ..I’ put i.h tl. in of dmtrr; ami h—w- lo e-xtruet-t > , ah .. putasTl from its abundant in- duWlc silicales l in the earth,Tins long been a desideratum with scientific oultivat >rs. The carbonic acid elimina t:d from decaying forc-t h ave . mould iu.p'ow.d ! fields, ami from all rutting and fermenting manure, operates to separate the atkal.es, potash and soda, and the alkaline earths, lime and magnesia, from - their chemical union with silicic acid, and thus reqder them available as the soluble find ol plants. In'charring clay I'm-agricultural purposes an ex periment at the Royiil Agricultural College at i l ircticcster, clay that had lime tu.xed with it, yielded nearly twice as much potash, win n washed or leached afier charring, as that di.l which was ! burnt without lime. Fragments of granite rock and lime rock have been burnt together in a com ! mini lime kiln with good effect, as the heated car- I R.mic acid evolved from the calcareous rock it ve ’ hemently attacks the silicate of potash in the gran j ite, and forms the carbonate of that alkali, leav ing the silicic acid partly free, and partly combined with the oxide ol calcium, or lime, making tiie sil : i.-ato (if lime. Chemical science and philosophy are enlarging the economical value of lime, and other constitu ents of crops : and we should-study them iu a more systematic manner than farmers generally do, an.l collect and collate facts, drawn alike from tin; oldest sedimentary and igneous rocks, from the dawn of,the vegetable and animal kingdoms, the experience of agriculturists, in ail parts where land is cultivated, and from observations derived directly front experiments in the field and the la boratory. Considered iu this plain, searching, common sense way, fertility is found to be, not a quality of soil, but the raw man rail of crops—sub stances which may be separated from the mass of earth, weighed in a balance and either increased or decreased in quantity, in every cubic foot of soil. Lime does not and cannot give existence to any new and .needful clement which may be wanting in barren land. It is not everything that is required, but merely one ingredient, which, however, often dc-velopes and brings into practi cal service other constituents that would other wise remain for infinite years, iu a latent state and ‘perfectly worthless. As to the quantity of lilac or marl to acre, much might be Said in reference to different soils of clay, of sand, of vegetable mould, and the cost of the fertilizer at the places where it is to be used. I ‘util public opinion be sufficiently enlightened to see the wisdom of improving generally the farm ing lands of a Ftatc, instead of deteriorating them to the untold injury of all coming generations, the extensive distribution of lime for agricultural purposes is lmrdly possible. W ithout thisculigh tcnnitnl and the consequent cheapening of the cost of transportation by railroads and otherwise, a large majority of the more enterprising who would Time their forms.-as many are doing in Fontliern Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jer sey, and l’enusyivania, will find the expense too. great for any profit. A bushel to the square rod gives 100 to the aero, and may he regarded as ‘ I not far from the average amount applied in I ng land and Scotland. Something like halt that; quantity per square rod is near the average in this country. Assuming tiie i rticlu to be cheap and , ahuudant, some soils require ten times more’ than others, according to tiie quantity of organic mat ter and of mineral salts that need the direct ugen cy ol lime to destroy what Is had, and bring out i ail that is good, in them. j . Asa general rule, recently burnt lime is better than that which is air-slukcd and changed into a hydrate or carbonate, and may be used by cart- I loads almost indefinitely per acr* without detri ment. S .tno chalk lands contain about a thou c-ad tons of marl within a foot ot tnc surface, per acre. n.iJV.i.l yield good crops of grain. Dime is so different from guano and most other fertilizers, timt-it matters little what time of the year it is applied : as one looks for permanent im provement rather than immedioto and striking re sults. Like all other sources of fruitfulness, it needs to bo kept good at and near the surface of the ground by repeating tl.ed • sooner or later. ‘us the supply becomes exuauscl! Lime tends to sink deep into tho earth ; and it is readHy washed off the surface by washing rains. Hence wc arc , not to estimate its removal from the soil by the quantity taken up by the plants, but rather by i that solubility of the mineral in rain water which , jrctf.lc-ra tlic WMcr that bW {.ossC-d through time- j Editor And froptittCft sl.mc earth into wells and -prinjri rlttbjb linfmi 1 r.i(ra r rolls. The solubility of tbe earbotUte t 4 lime, in water charged more or less with ortowia acid, aids greatly in its wide diatribatiaa Otl conti nents to meet the wants of growing TCflttcNcC I Thus rains that fall on the limntrtW toads of Western New York, convey this fertiliser dowm the Alleghany. Ohio, nn.l Mississippi rirert, and it may Ist deposited on thn alluvial plain* of Lowi siana, two tli.<t,isan.l miles from its starting point: Ct Riot s Uai I S CoNNKCTBD WITUTHkNoIVOU Pi -iii.i:m t..—There arc some curious fact* con nected with the progress of the late terrible TMitn i tion to Norfolk and I'ortemoUth, which MCm t : confirm the theory of lr Nott that thia serer is of Rv travelling character and mores from South h) North. It commenced in Uio J.insiro; reached N.w Orleans in Ik'3. where its ravage* Were ter* tilde in IS3I it scourged Savannah. It rtaohwf Portsmouth iu l'-73 In all (ircvioos risitatioM of yellow fiver. Norfolk was first attacked, and from then.!.! the disease was transmitted to Port* mouth. Put this year the disease started in Porte l 1 mouth, which lies SoUtli of Norfolk, and it* whole’ march from the beginning was northward. It* pro gress throagh the whole peri.si was alway* grent !rr id a North and North-Easterly direction, than West anil North-West. T hus it crossed the water lto Norfolk, a mile distant from Portsmouth in n 1 few days niter its apjienrunce in Portsmouth, while it did not reach the United States Naval hospital; I which lies nearly West of Norfolk and Northwest jof Portsmouth, for two months. When it did ap* pear t litre, there were very few cane*, and ttxwd “tin rally manageable. Old Feint is in the duo north line “f_it> track, and it will be remembered that at a late period of the season there were OM or two cases there it is some consolation to know if this theory ho true, that Richmond lieu nearly due west Ir"i'ii Norfolk, and that WB are Conae epo iitly le t in the track of the pestilence. A Wry intelligent gentleman, who adopts the idea that the plague is caused by animaculSß, men* i s‘>tt> oi"t which ho has heard, that MOB j alt> r the interment of a corpse in a vault adjoin* ing n church, in Knghtnd. the communion was ad* 1 inini'ti red in the church, ntid nearly all who par* took of the i lements were taken sick, and some • died. Ihc wine merchant from whom the wind had hccn procured was arrested on a charge of j poisoning. While the subject was in agitation, : some perrons on entering the church, saw by the | rays of the sun streaming through a partly open* ! cd window shutter, millions of unimuculx- floating 1 about in the light. These anitnaculoe seemed to | have an allinity for fluids, especially for wine, some iof which was placed in tlic church, and it wee i soon filled with imitnalculuc, and upon a test be j ing applied, the wine was found to be poisoned.*™ n. ..... liruiii* were t forward* proved to have ! emanated from the above ground vault where tW ! dead body had been recently buried. | Our informant also refers to .the curious appear* | mice of the plague fly. It is a %ct established be* jyond contradiction, that after the plague bad cul minated in Portsmouth, this curious fly appeared. It was between the sire of a mus-juito and ordina* ry fly. and changed its color from red to yellow.— Where did the. plague flies come from ? They seem to have escaped the observation of natural histo rians. Our friend suggests that they may be the i animalcules, generated by the dead bodies, Uk dr j certain stage of their being. ! In this connection, a singular fact U stated hf an eminent Judge of this >tutc, which seems td sustain the theory of Dr. Nott and of our Porte mouth lrieud. It is that tho groat pest to tbea£- rieulturint. the joint worm, travels frofn South US North, always in a certain line, and never exoeed* ing a certain breadth. So uniform are its move ments that if lie only knows when it has reached the North Carolina line, or any given point what ever South of his residence, he cun estimate with considerable exactness when it will reach i his own plantation. | We are ii"t prepared to advocate any particular . theory on tlic subject, but the facts stated seem td us worthy the consideration ol men of science.—* I [Uichtnond Dispatch. i- ■ Who will be Cheated t The old Line Georgia Whigs repudiated tU Northern Whig Party because of its l 1 reeeoil affin ities and quite u number of them In the excite* ment of the late crusade ugainnt the American Party. have acted with the Pierce Democracy of New Vork, numbering all the Van Burena, Coch* rancs, and the great mass oi the Buffalo Platform ! men. who supported Martin Van Buren for Presi ! dent in 1848. Arc Georgia Whig* willing to bC led into the embrace of the V an Burcns, and takd l their positions •* cheek by jowl,” with Martin mad | John, under the Pierce 5 banner 1 If so, wc COBB* ; mend to them the following notice ot a speech rt* ; cently made by John to the Freesoil Democracy of the great Frceaoil county of St. I<awrenoe, Nari York, that they may fully appreciate their wew position, and the views and prineiplc# of their new associations ; John Vas Bur bn oif tub Stimp—John Vad ; Buren addressed a l arge meeting at Canton od . Tuesday evening. Whilst he strongly diaappror ed of tiro p assia g<* of the Nebraska hill, he under* - ■ took to ahow that aa faithful execution of iU pry | visions wail i.n kf.i r Kansas rare. He commend ed the administration of Franklin Pierce. He fy ferred to the national position of the Democratic party in opposition to the Know Nothinga, ud ; said “that the security and i>eace of the country de -1 pended on upholding the Democrats party, tie denounced fusion in all its shapes, and pronounce* Mr. Sewaral a mere political ftgitator. He MK* gised Silas Wright and closed with a strong ap peal to the St. Lawrence to untie their brethren throughout the State in achieving a victory, which he pronounced as certain an any “future event could her H This, Georgians, is what John Van Bare* and the Northern Democra y call “ National DeaM* cratic principles'.” Are the old line Whig of Georgia willing to go into the embrace of auefh • party V WiH they permit themselves la into such an alliance by the Georgia DcmeMaay f Wc .Shall SC# — -t hron icle if Senlmet. NUMBER 40