Newspaper Page Text
160
|&*ton @cisfssn®#U-
saws*
prehensible and unaccountable, with a knowl-
*%"d uf (ho diplomatic correspondence winch
led to iliu cession, mid a recollection of the
views and policy of the American Secretary of
State, under whose nuspices the sacrifice was
consummated. The reading of thiscorrespon-
deuce, and a recollection of the policy .and
views of Air. Adams, unveils the mystery of
this stupendous sacrifice, and establishes thu
truth ol the otherwise incredible fact; that this
cession of lie U. S. territory was raado to the
kittit of Spain from hostile feelings to the inde
pendence of Mexico, through subset viency to
the Spanish king, mid to aid him in preserving
bis dominion over the Mexicans, by cutting
them o(f, and keeping them at a vast distance,
from the republican population ’of the United
Stales. The correspondence itself proves .his,
and circumstantial and persuasive evidence
drawn from the known character and policy of
the American Secretary, the time and place of
his negotiation, his political associates, and
their views and operation at the same time, ta
ken in conjunction with the useless magnitude
of the sacrifice, authorizes the belief & forcesthe
conviction, that hostility to the growing Wes:,
and the slaveholding South, was as a subsidiary
and powerful motive for curtailing and abridg
ing the territorial extent of Louisiana, and, iu
that abridgment, forestalling nnd preventing
the existence of five or six slaveholding states
in thu South and West quarter of the Union—
These, Messrs. Editors, may appear to be
bold assertions; but they are not more bold
tit hi true, nor more true than can be proved.
Tl.e correspondence itself, coimnunicaied by
President Monroe to Congress,and primed by
its oidet, will.prove ill direct terms,and in mul
tiplied passages, the whole charge of hostility
to Mexican independence, and numerous facts
of general notoriety, will furnish the persuasive
evidence and violent presumptions, which au-
tliorht* the belief of all that is asserted of tho
South and West.
With respect to the individual who was the
author iif this sacrifice, no animadversion upon
hint is intended or contemplated; He is no
luueer an object of political attack, He is done,
nnd done fotever, with public affairs. He be
longs to the class of actors who have done act-
ing,—who have left the stage,—and whose feel-
iiiL>s should be respected. Of course this es
say is not against him, but against his work; it
seeks .o undo, not his character, hut a piece of
his work and no reference to h's acts or mo
tives sli d! be further mado than shall be tra
ces! try tosbow that tint piece e/" his work ought
to be u i font i that the present boundary line
heiweon the U. Slates and AJexiro, was con
ceived and established by Mr. Adams; in n
spirits of hostility to Mexican independence,
mid n> iiiu south-west quarter of the Union;
that t!.c permanent continuance of this lute is
fraie/ht with mischief to hmlr purlins; and that
the lute, e peace and harmony of both require
this boundary to be abandoned and another to
lie esiiildislied by amicable agreement,’ which
shall r.inform to the localities ofthe country, be
adapted 10 the convenience of each, and give ’
to uciihcr it position and a foothold within the
natural boundaries and upon the bunks of tho
great livers of the other.
To pi ovo and demonstrate these important
pi)> ii<ui* 1 shall have recourse to copious and
multiplied extracts from the diplomatic corres
pondence of our minister in Spain, which, til-
tho .o|i communicated to Congress without the
in«.i oc.ions which warranted them, will still he
Sufficient to show, that the idea of this cession
of territory otiginated with the American ne-
gui.,> or-, that it was first mentioned by them to
the Spanish Secretary of State; and pressed
Upon, the acceptance uf the Spanish ministry,
as 'lie moans of forming a desert between the
U. Si mis mid Mexico, keeping their inhnbit-
ai.'s a purl, preventing the communication of rc-
pULhouu ideas from one to theother,and there
by .mi ributing more effectually than any guar-
• antic of possession could do, to preserves the
■ Si'.oiish dominion over the Mexican territory,
Alt. Geo. W. Erving? a gentleman of the
Aim ih East, was at that time U. S. minister in
Spain, mid these overtures wore communicated
by ittui to the Spanish Secretary; but that he
had ins:ructions to warrant all tho offers that lie
made, is sufficiently proved by the known fact
(hut M . Ewing was neither recalled nor cen-
suifil fur niaking unauthorized proposals, and
the upon the failure of the negotiation at Ma
drid, it w.is transferred to Washington city, car
ried on hy Mr. Adamsxvith Don Louis deOnis
in persmt; >i:id that lha offer of the desert was
no: only renewed by Mr. v Adams, but to much
ye liter extent than by Mr. Erving, and actual
ly exi.iblishod and agreed to upon Mr. Adams*
proposition.
Thu correspondence between tho negotiator
at Madrid, us contmtinicatrd to Cungress, ouens
abruptly, with u letter from Mr. Erving to Don
Fizz mo, dined Madrid, July Sd, 1818. Tbe
set paragraph is ill those words;
“ Tho only securi'.v which occurs to me ns
possilil’o io be stipulated under present cucum*
stances, is that of thirty leagues desert, which
I mentioned it) my two last conversations, and
n fact this kind of m terialsecuiity in transac
tions between tw« groat nations ought, accord
ing to my apprehension, always to have the
preference over the other kind of stipulations;
for though such stipulations should be must re
ligiously observed, even in the extreme cases
wherein, by the universal practice of nations
they are deviated from, or altogether dispensed
wnli, yet in the still greater extremity of war,
they cease to be binding, of course, and cannot
die i one wed but after the war, and then the in
ducement to renew them may have ceased ;
whereas, the material security of which I speak
•Iway remains. War does not cultivate de
serts, but it makes them, however, these and
other important considerations belonging to tho
subject will be duly deliberated on by his Mao,
jesiy’s government,can only say, that if my sug-
gesiion should be adopted, I shall be ready to
. put it into form, dec.”
To understand wbat is meant by the word
*' security" to he found iu a desert of thirty
leagues between the settlements of Louisiana
and New Mexico, it is necessary to remember
that at the period of this proposition, all South
America mid-Mexico were in a state of revo
lution, and making efforts to burst tho bonds
-winch bound ihcm to old Spain. In Mexico,
"these effurts had commenced in 1808; and ra-
.rious expeditions from Louisiana, under Toledo
Jlou, Long &c. had entered the internal pro
vinces, and repeatedly hoisted the standard of
Independence. It was then from the Lower
Mississippi that danger to Mexico was nppre-
hendrd, and the mom slrenom effortsof Spanish
of possession—tho security most common mid
best known among tho crowued bonds of Eu
rope was tho tine thought of by tho Spanish
ministers, and fur this they were willingtocedo
Florida to die U. States: but as this was a step
which no American minister conld venture up-
on—-as universal execration would have over-
■find 41 inclusively; and that the navigation of
said rivets belong exclusively to the U. S.
forever.”
The first thing which strikes the imagination
at reading the proposition of Mr. Adams, is (he
wonderful and almost immeasurable difference
between the state ofthe negotiation;!* it ended
whelmed auy Secretary of State, or minister ol aI Madrid, and opened at Washington,—be-
the U. Siates, who should have guaranteed 1 tween die little which Doit V\ZAUoasked there,
Mexico to Ferdinand the Seventh, and his sue- < an d the much which Mr, Adams offered here,
cessors, when she was struggling for her hide- j Mr. Erwing offered a desert of ninety" miles
pendeuce, and 6n tho point of achieving it; a ! w jj e . on the other; ha proposed it to be
different nude of action, another form of guar- j two hundred and ten miles in length, that is to
ao.ee, a security of a new kind, had to be ad- SHVt f roni the mouth of tbe Colorado; in lati-
»pted, by those who were willing toassuiethe judo 29: to latitude 32 on the same river, giv-
Spaotsh dominion over Mexico, but dared not
do it by au open and palpable act. Hence the
idea of tho desert, as a substitute to dw guaran
tee.
On the 19th Joly, tho Spanish Secretary of
State makes the following auswer to Mr. Er-
ving’s proposal;
“ You are pleased to point out in your note,
as a mode of settling the question of boundaries
muro certain tiiuu that of any guarantee, the
ing to the desert an area of two thousand sqnure
miles. The Colorado is more than hall way
between the Red River and the Rio del Norte,
and is still seperated from the waters of the
Red River and the valley of the Mississippi, by
the intermediate streams, the Brassosdel Jiios,
the Tiinity and the Sabine : With this leugth
and breadth, Don Pizarrp was contented, but
objected to the locality on the Colorado, and
required the desert to he to the east of the San
establishment of a destn t of 30 leagues between j Bernard. The San Bernard is west of the
he homier of Louisiana and that of the Span
ish possessions. Although his Majesty has a
due respect for the good faith and strict punc
tuality of the American government, yet he
does not perceive any security preferable to the
guarantee; nor that there would be any diffi
culty in couuecting the one with tho other,
and with a view to avoid disagreements on
ou tho frontiers in stipulating thu establishment
of suclt a desert, provided both governments
could agreo ou the requisito measures for pre
venting this intermediary desert from being
convened into a rallying point fur adventurers
and banditti, whero they might exercise their
pernreiuus activity in disturbing tbe peace of
his Majesty’s dominions, as well as those ofthe
United Stales, * * But tho principal diffi
culty still subsists, namely ; that although tho
estublishnt nt of this desert might be consider
ed expedient, yet we may not agree ou the ex
act Into of division, keeping iu view thu rights
of each party to the territory west of the Mis
sissippi, and to that which ought to afford to his
Majesty in lha. quar.er an equivalent for the
two Fiuridus which aro proposed to be coded
to die United States in consideration of such
equ.vulettt. It 1 rightly couipreltendyuur ver
bal communications relative to the establish
ment of .his intermediary desert, 1 persuade
myself that the undorstanding is, that the 30
leagues intended to he comprehended m it, will
be fixed to the eastward of the Bay San Ber
nard."
To this Air. Erwing replies, under dato of
the 24tii July;
“ Referring to a suggestion mado In my last
note ; as well us iu our previous conferences,
respecting a desert of 30 leagues between the
confines of Louisiana uml thu Spanish posses-
skills, as u be ter security tbau a guarantee,
your Excellency is pleased to inform me dial
though ids Majesty thinks that no security is
belter than a guarantee, yot he has no objecliuu
that the unoshuuld be added to the other; and
though (he principal difficulty remaius, that is
to say where the desert shall be established,
your Excellency invites nto to pm my sugges
tion iu the shape of u formal proposal; 1 beg
leave to remind your Excellency that iu ray
note of the 9th, I have said that this phtn of a
desert is the only kind of security, which uc-
cuis to me. It was nut then my intention, nor
can it be now, to add this to any other kind of
security; nor was it my inientiun to offer this,
but upon tho supposition that his Majesty’s gov
ernment would consent to the Colorado us tho
western limit of Louisiana.
• V * •
“ My government never will consent to give
any guarantee to his Majesty of any part of his
possessions; but 1 will undertake on its part
to stipulate, that a desert shall be placed be
tween his possessions and those of dto United
Stales.” “ The line of the Colorado ap
peared to he objectionable to his Majesty’s
government without a guarantee, such as is im
possible for the U. S. to give. 1 proposed
substitute for it what I consider us butter for
Spurn—a barriei between its possessions and
those of the United Suites. 1 now propose,
tlion, that tho desert which is re form this bar
rier, bo of 30 leagues bieadlh ilia, is, fifteen
leagues on the right bank, and 15 leagues on
the left of the Colorado, and extending in
length from the mou lt of that river as high up
towards its source as the 32d degree of latitude.
If spaiu should not consider it necessary that
the dusnrl should bo us broad as 30 leagues she
may diminish it on her own side of that river,
as much as she may judge fit. Within the de
sert, no persuus shill be admitted to settle or
establish military posts, on its own portion of tho
desert, for tho purposes of keepingoff intruders
or settlers of any’kind.’”
This letter from Air. Erwing was die last; of
the negotiation at Alsdrid. Mr. Adams, Se
cretary of State, becatno seized at that (hue
with tho desire to conclude thu Florida treaty
himself, nnd, in consequence, the negotiations
wero transferred front Madrid to Washington,
and carried on directly betweon the Sectetary
State and the resident Spanish minister, Don
Luisde Onis. After wo or three prelim.utry
notes, the position and breadth of tho desert
still being the main point, Mr. Adams, on the
6th day of February 1819, delivered his pro
position in a formal article ns follows.
Project of an article describing the West
ern Boundary; communicated to Don Luis
de OnU, hy the Secretary of State, 6th Feb
ruary 1819.
“ It is agreed that the boundary between tbe
United States and the territories of Spain shall
be us follows,—Beginning at the mouth of the
river Sabine, on the tiulf of Mexico; 'follow
ing the course of said river to the 32d degree
of north latitude; tho eastern bank and all thu
islands in the river to belong to tbe U. Stales,
nnd the western bauk to Spain; thence due
north to tho nurtlternmost part of the 33d de
gree of latitude, and uni il it strike tho llio ltoio,
or Red River thence, following the course of
said river to the itorilicrnmosi point ofthe bend
between longitude 101 und 102; by the short
est hue to the southernmost point of tho bend
of the river Arkansas, between the sumo de
grees of longitude, 101 and 102 thence, fol
lowing the course ut the river Arkansas to its
source in latitude 41 north; thence, following
the same parallel of latitude 41 to the sea.—
And it » further agreed, that no Spanish settle
ment shall he made on any pall of said Red or
Arkansas rivers, nor on any ofthe waters flow-
mi; in'o the same, nor on any east ofthe chain
mentto t>bow that'the -set sought to. Lc
undone, was done through hostility to the par
ties whom it most concerns, and that it’was in
tended to be wliut it actually is, n measure es
sentiallyinjurious to both of them. Thus far
I go and no further. Tho evjl intention is
now shewn ; the evti coiuc‘[uences will be next
attended to; but us this essay has run out to a
sufficient length for one paper, I shall reserve,
for the next number,the factsand reasons which
will shew that the present boundary line be
tween the U. States and Alexico, is injurious to
both of them; that its continuance will bo setts. Whalluy aud Goffe remained14
fraught with disastrous consequences to them years in tho house of the Rev. Mr.
tied iu the collar of Russall’s house, amuFT
wards removed whethor to New Haven ore'
where other evidence raus. determine.
It is reported that Ex-Shoriff Parkins f ro
London, has oidered a monument to be ere ^
ed in Now Haven ts the memory of these d£
tinguished men, Whalloy, (Ioffe, and Di lt( !e
who, with others, dared to try Charles I. a j
to condemn the tyrant and traitor to lose (!•
bead on a block—These men came to N "
England, where tliey found a friendly asylum
and concealment in Connecticut and Mau/.t
.ait. o...t n..er.. • . . .
Trinily, one hundred miles; it is about two
hundred miles west ofthe Sabine, so that if Al
Erving had agreed to place tho desert where
Don Pizarro wished it to he, it still would have
been far beyond all tho waters of tho Red Riv
er, entirely beyond the valley of the Mississip
pi, and on ground to which Spain had some co
lor of claim as well as ourselves. Mr, Adants
offers a desert of eleven degrees of latitude ill
width, from 31 to 41 degress, about seven hun
dred and eighty miles on n straight line, and.
upwards of two thousand miles on its eastern
border, following the Sabine from its mouth to
its head, thence to the Red River, thence up
tho Red River to the lOOdt degree of longitude,
thence north to the Arkansas, thence up the
Arkansas to its source in the Rocky Moun
tains; in its greatest breadth from the mouth
of the R:o del Norte to the Sabine tune hun
dred miles; its medium breadth about five hun
dred miles, and presenting an area of about
two hundred thousand square iniles,ihe greatest
pari of it taken out of tho valley of the Missis
sippi, upon the waters of the Red River and
Arkansas, not only within the acknowledged
limits, but within tho natural boundaries of thu
United Siutcs l
Such an offer was too tempting to bo further
discussed ; or even subjected to the casualties
uf delay. Tho del .y of a few days might haz
ard it; Don On s, who was then sick in bed,
and unable to attend to any business himself,
employed the Baron Hyde de Mcuvitle, the
French Ambassador at \Vashingtou, to close
die negotiations for him. Ho did so, bui not
without obtaining from lira compliance of Mr.
Adams, two aheraiiuus to thu fuit .er prejudice
of (Ira United St tea ; first: that the Spaniards
.should be allowed the privilege of navigating
the Red River aud the Arkansas to their muuihs
iu tlie Mississippi, and the Sibitie to their
mouths in tite sea ; secondly, that lira desert
should cx.end to lira head ofthe Arkansas in
latitude 42 instead of 41,—making it one degree,
or nearly seventy miles longer than Al:. -Ad
ams Imd at first proposed. Thus modified: the
article was agreed to, all thu terms of tho treaty
were immediately adjusted, and the treaty
signed hy Mr. Adams on the part of the
U. States, and by Dou Onis on the oart of Spain.
Upon this narrative of facts, supported by
precise quotu’ipns from authentic documents I
rest the argument, that the present boundary line
between the United States and Mexico, was
projected und established from hostile motives
to Alexican independence, through subsurvien-
cy to Spain, and to aid her in preserving her
dominion over that superb country, by interpo
sing a vast wilderness to shut out tho lights of
republicanism, which might otherwise break in
to that benighted region, from the approxima
tion of American settlements to the west ot the
Mississippi. All this was bad enough, bet an
other und u darker view of the transaction re
mains to betaken. It was not enough to in
jure Mexico, but the same opportunity must be
embraced to iniuro the West and the South.
Ofthisthe proof is not like the other, under the
hands und signatures of tho parties, but the
time the place, the negotiator, his associates,
their occupation tit the time and the useless
magnitude of the desert, so far beyond what
Don Pizurro had aikod for at M tdrid : and its
position within the valley of the Mississippi,
load" irresis'ihly to the conclusion that a desire
to dimmish the extent ofthe West, and in that
diminution to prevent lira birth of four or five
slave holding states, was a subsidiary and pow
erful motive in conducting Mr. A A. ms to make
such an extraordinary cession. This is an in ■
furence, but it is an interference resulting nat
urally mid irresistibly from the premises. Tin*
time of this cession was the winter of 1818-19
when tho Missbtiri'question was in full heal and
all the restrictionists were clamorous for pre
venting the spread of shvery beyond the Mis
sissippi; the pieces was Washington city, whore
tlraso rustrictionists were then assembled from
all quarters of "the Union ; the negotiator was
Mr. Jno Q. Adams, their political and per
sonal friend, itts associates were the enemies of
the acquisition oi Louisiana, one of whom
[Mr. Ois] thou declared, that he wished it
was separated.from the .rest nf the Union by a
lake us impassable as die burning one which di
vides heaven from Hell; und another of them
[Mr, R. King] expressed his wish, that it might
ie-mam fotever the haunt nnd harbor of wolves
and tigers; the ocupation of thuse associates at
that time was reestablish the latitude of36—30,
as the line north of which slavery shauld not be
admitted; and tho trca:y having ceded nearly
the whole of Louisiana South of that line to
the king of Spain,—to remain a desert,—the
whole object of the restrictionists was then ac
complished. Slavoty wax excluded f>om Lou
isiana north of a certain lino by compromise,
south of it by a surrender of tho territory to a
foreign power; thu small area comprehended
in Missouri, Arkansas and the western half of
Louisiana only excepted.
But ills no part ofthe intention of this paper
to dwell upon tho motioes of Mr. Adams in
making this cession. Hu is now thrown from
the political stage, never more to mount upun
it. What is personal to him can have no place
in any essay iutuuded to enlighten tho people
upon tho secret history nnd hidden springs of
the must stupendous national sacrifice which
the history of nations records; but in such un
both: that it ought to be abandoned at once,
aud a new line established, to bo agreed upon
iu the spirit of friendship and good neighbor
hood, adapted to the localities ofthe country,
and to thu convenience ofthe two Republics.
AMER1CANUS.
St. Louis, July 22d, 1829.
Preservation of Apples.—The following val
uable observations, contained in a letter from
Noah Webster, Esq. have been published in
the Massachusetts Agricultural Repository.
“ It is the practice of some persons to-pick
apples in October, and first spread thorn on the
Hour of an upper room, •'he practice is said
to render apples more durable, by drying them.
But 1 can uffi' tn this to be a mistake. Apples,
after remaining so long on the trees as safety
from the frost will admit, should be taken di
rectly from the trees to close casks, and kept us
airy and as cool as possible. If suffered re lie
on the floor for weeks, they wither and lose
their flavor without acquiring any additional
durability. The best mode of preserving ap
ples for spring use, I have found to be, the put-,
ting them in dry sand, aud as soon as picked.
For this purpose I dry sand in the heat of the
summer, and late in October put down the ap
ples in layers, with a covering of sand upon
eaclt layer. The singular advantages of this
mode of treatment are these: 1. Tite sand
keeps die apples from the air, which is essen
tial to their preservation. 2. The sand checks
the evaporation of the apples, thus preserving
their full flavor—at the same timeuny moisture
yielded by the appl<-s(.uid sumo there will be)
is absotbed by the sand, so tlmt tlf apples are
kept diy, and all mustinoss is prevented. Aly
pippins iu Al iy and Jane are ns fresh as when
first picked ; even the ends of the stem look as
ifjust serparated from 'lie twig.”
the first Aliuister of Hadley.
Tom itoe Ketchup.—The following dircc
lions, taken front au old receipt, for preparing
this excellent condiment, may prove acceptable
to some of your readers, us it is now tho season
for making it:
Tin'Tomatoes should be, when fully ripe
and free from decay, scalded and pe.dutl. To
one gallon of the pealed Tomatoes, add one
quart of sharp Vinegar, also the following arti
cles ground fine, viz: four table spoons full ol
salt, four do of black pepper, one do of allspice,
ihreedo of iiiustaid, uod eight or ten pods of
red pepper. The whole to he slowly simmer
ed fa three or four hours, (stirring it occasion
ally) in a vessel of copper, tin or powter.—
Wuen somewhat cooled, those who choose it
auy add two table spoons full of garlic juice.
It should then bo rubbed through a wire solve
fine enough to catch the seeds, and is ready
far bottling. Good strong bottles should be
used, for they tire liable to burst if the vinegar
was not strong or the simmering not suffi vent
III lira first instance. This can bo known in a
week or two, b v the appearance of u white scum
in the neck of the bottle, and is easily remedied
by simmering an Ituur or two the second time,
witii the addition of as much good vioogui as
will upply the evaporation.—The bottles should
be closely corked, aud if intended to be kept
a length of time, should be sealed.
The above quantity of ingredients will fill
three hollies, and tho article is ready far itnme-
diate use, bu is much unproved by age. This
Ketchup makes .tit excellent seasoning farsoups,
fresh ntuu.s and fiui, to many tastes is superior
to any attide of lira kind iiuportej, and worth
nine tenths of tho fashionable nostrums far dys
pepsia.
At tho suggestio.i of a friend, curious in such
maiieis, who supposes lira word of Arabic Ori
gin his spelling “ Ketchup,” has been adopted
tit pteleieiice re lira m biliary aud umlerivable
old *• Catsup” of Johnson and Swift.—August
6, 1829.’—Pendleton (S. U.J Altsscngcr-
From the Hampshire Ornette,•
JIDvJEo. Ut CHARLES 1.
Tollit £i.ulur.— lue Columbian Ccntinoi
ol IZa August, iu au atticle respecting UoUo,
tViidiiuy aun D.xweu, inieu of lira-judges of
OlMllBj ft* CkJilldlUS UXliilCtft il dill til# sN (J\V
ttutk Dady Advertiser, and dm Boston Cuur-
toi, iu winch a Uonu, ts sure.iglly expressed
wheiirai tney were buried iu Now iiuvou.—
i'au greunu ot lha doubt appeals to Ou the it-
teged cucuinsuuees, mat wiiuu iUo bouse of
Ul- Rev. hi.. Russell Was tatsuti uutvu, u bu
reau sM.-t.um was tuuud; aud tiiut me presump
tive evtuotice was strong that inis skeleton was
tVlidliey. 1 ueg leave to state wtiat is known
m ate upon tins subject, and to cut reel an error
iutiieuuuvu meuuuuud at tides. The main
house ot Al.. Russell was taken down about
me j eat if 94 oc 5. The cellar which was
uuuer me uack part ofthe house, was uot dts-
untied until about 18UJ. 1 was familiar witii
au parts of lira uouse, from my earliest youth,
aua distinctly recollect u large swell on the
west side of the cellar wall. Tue imiaotiutiis
of (he towu Uad always beeu unicii interested
iu the huuse as the reputed burial place ol
Wuulley ; and el course were particular iu their
observations when tbe building over lira celtai
was takeu down, hoping re ascertain lira it nth
ot me report winch had prevailed, that Uen.
Whatley had hueu butied :u the cellar, and
atteiwuids disinterred. Upon removing the
Wdll ol the cellar, there was discovered mime-
diaiuiy, directly against the above mentiuneu
swell, aud about three feet above the boirani ol
the cellar, a quantity uf broken stuue.uud lime
mortar. Directly over this rubbisn were fauud
lyiug undisturbed, aud hunzuutally, a row of
flat stones, which were ol suitable length and
width to cover a man’s coffin. Atiiuug this rub
bish were found, not a complete skeleton, but
ouly a very few small bourn, which were de
clared by the pliysictdus of lira place, who wet e
requested .a ex.iiinuo ilium, to be Iranian bones.
essay, intended to give information not re in- | One, 1 recollect- was said to bu I’ruiu the knee,
flict animadversion, designed to shew tho no-! aud uue was a tooth which 1 ttotv have in my
ccssitv ofenduing what has been done,—get- ' possession.
Baltimore, Sept. 25
Charles Carrollof Carrollton,survivingstift
all his compatriots, who signed the declaration
of American Independence passed happily 0 n
Sunday last, the ninety-second anniversary 0 f
his birth-day—blessed yet, on entering k,
ninety-third year,' with, good health, cheer,
ful spirits, the love of his family und friends and
the benedictions of his countiy.
How fruitful of events, of the deepest inter,
est to sciettco and to mankind, has been fin
period of time which Providence has allowed
him to witness, beyond the ordinary length of
human life and observation! How prod^ieus
during that prolongation of his existence, ha
been tho march of intellect; what wonderful fa.
cilities have beeu discovered for exploring j 3( )
traversing tite hidden treasuresjof the earth •_
aud the trackless bosom of tho ocean, floir
numerous, in that epoch, hake been the alii,
ances and wars of various nations, and the hat.
ties und revolutions in which potentates ban
been crushed, old gevctnnrams overthrown, tnj
naiions had their birth! What a vaststort-house
of recollections, founded on the experience of
an individual, comprising us he dues, within hit
personal observation, tho facts and events far
which even existing generations have already
tu search by the dim and deceptive ligh of his.
wry !
That tho venerated individual thus spared by
Providence through almost an hundred yens,
should be (he only one living of die few devo
ted patriots who signed the Declaration of oat
uutioual Independence, and the one whohazt
.titled most upun the issue; that he should bt
moreover an undeviating enpourager, and in
himself a brilliant example uf piety, patriotism,
temperance, personal honor aud cheerful sub-
mission to the will of Heaven; ought surely hot
to Ira without its influence in promoting these
virtues, without which neither nations nor hit
viduals may hope far respect, prosperity orlop
piness,
“ With these celestial wisdom calms the ntufj
And makes the happiness she does not jM"]
—— — Amer. Farou.
From the Journal of Humanity.
RULES FOR MAKING GOOD BUTTEB. I
If you have fapr nr five cows, it 'js bcstbl
churn every day, and by no means le»i fa.
queutiy than every other day. J,fyoj cannot I
churn every d»v, throw into the cream, its
gathered, a handful of nice salt., hi very uftl
weather, when milk sours soon, pi;t iwofayl
tag table spoonluls of salt into. every |»i! J
milk, before straining. ’The quamify ai veil
as lira quality of the butter is greatly impmv/i
by till.- method. If you'have ice, put a sni J 1
piece into every pail of milk, and inti) the crest
when you churn. If you Imve no ice, pnttii^
.•ream into a pail,and hang it in iltu well iwelw
hours before churning. In the warm ss.w:
cioa.n should Ira skimmed its soon"asit ninth
least sour, and in the cobles: weather edj
should slot stand more than 36 or 43 luitiis.—
Tim utmost care should lie taken to keeps**
iy article used in making butter, pdifucily sset
hy frequeut mid thorough scalding.
EXPEDIENCE. |
Mankind, at the beginning of the 15thccntur;
are thus described in tho L'vcrpool Otiwriil
“They had neither looked into Ilenvcix
Earth—neither into thu sea nor land, asm
been done sinco. They imd philosophy'
out experiment, mathematics: without in#
moms, geometry without scale, astruiioiny u
out demous ratioi). They made war wi"*
powder, shot, cmmi)ii,or mortars ; uny,thew
made their bonfires without squib* or cr-f*^
They went to sea without compass,ami*)*
without the needle. They viewed ibf
wiiiiout telescopes, and tiiensured .iliittidesw
oui .urometers. Learning had 110 l ,n “l
press, writing no paper, and paper no mil
The lover w.it forced to send hi*
deal board tor a love letter,’ and a b.|W®T
might ho of the size of an ordinary ircneWjJ
They were clothed without manufactures,*"
the richest robes wero tho skins of ilm v
formidable monsters. They carried on m
without hooks, aud correspondence
posts; their merchants kept no account*,
shop keepers no cnshbtmk; they h»d **
wiiiiout anatomy, nnd physicians wi'lamt nj
teria medica; they gave emetic* wiibuut f
cacuuna, and cured agues without bark.
Tho last Haverhill (N. 11. Post.!reltf*]
following case of murder, the horrible p 1 ™]
far* of which aro obtained from a source e»
to credit.
“ A mm who keeps a public house in* 1 ’
iu Chaster county, had employed « ? irl , ■
the house work until her wages uuioun
about seventy dollars. Her time #** ■-
which alto engaged, and the monoy ' V1 ? g,
iter in the. presence of two moil,
strangeis and travellers, who had call
huuse. Soon after the'money W' s P J .
the two mor. left the huuse, and an er
left also, for the purpose of going w “ ef
who lived at 110 great distance. 1 llC l“
suspicion in the minds of any »>n |; i J?
was auy evil design in' the business *i ,
night. The two men who had *!,. „
thu day hud returned and taken ^ c | ! j ll ^ )a s
night. Tit,y wore put into a sui.m
joining tho sleeping room dfiW
af.cr nil had retired re bed, ono oi l •^
overheard re say, ‘How the • “yV«
Tnis u, once excited the curiosity «
lord ; he got up, ttiado sehte
and found lira clothes of otto of h**
Ho immediately went to the house 0^
euts of tho girl to see if she Imd rcl ? rc ^ j
and found »hu laid not. ’ He w®®' U/cS
an officer, arrested Loth n"-' 11 tr
thorn, mid then went in search ■« , j^
uf:er looking a short tiino he ^
ittg it. The money which Iu®,"® 1
jtho.girlwas found in tho , (