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— mmma "M « nfaiiev of %ei? corporate existence. Tim; »»'r. ' SBfess&gtt > -tltf;" rauit of fiiiessity,(fither establishshanks ol l-’ro;ij (lie Pre*iJeiitof Uie O.utcd State* 'o both heir own, or tltcy mustdepend upon ttra branch h* of tlis Uuitod Hlntca biink luf supplying them vritk paper currency. If it be Tight nml proper f7.r them to qstablisti banks of tuoironn, it iscer- tiiaSy correct that they should lmve power to nf- Mfd them all necessary protection. lJut this they entrant ilo effectually, so long iu there is a similar institution. h iring’ infinitely greater resources vfitltia their limits, and wholly independent «.l ttrrir uilthurity. To rely upon such an iusiitu- tiSft far a pupv medium, or for-eoimhorcinl facil- itirj, woili as manifestly uusafu nud impolitic,. Uuutfto as it was forced upon them without their cwosent, so it may lie suddenly withdrawn, wheth er they bo willing or unwilling. And bones UOUld result Iinuiediiito stagnation ol busittet. athl derangomeiit of couiiuorciui ullnirs. It is. ckrtainly contrary to all jit h conceptions of stat- sovereignty, that a powerful liioiiisd institution should bo wlftilislisd within the jurisdictional limits of any slate without her content, uud con ducted free from her restraint. It is, in elfeet, « aciug important public interests in subjection to e whim and enprtee of tile few individuals to yhnra iti direction may ho intrusted. That pro vision of tho charter which prohibits the taking ot more than three directors front any one state, does mit secure to tlm status any control over the illiirs of tho b ias. A subsequent section de- aauys the littlo influence which is tints apparently given tjrremote parts of the Union, by making s'ivuo directors a quorum to do Imsinesk. Thu; the five directors appointed on tho pert of the G'-momi (iovornmeut, mid tvho are not chosen tficb rcfirenco to thfiir places of rosideuco, to gether with tho threo appointed by tho stockhold- onfrom tho state in which tho mother bunk is (heated, may at any time control its operation,. What.5ccnrity then have tbo remote memhors «if tha coaljderacy, that their interest will be prop erty respected in u board so organized ! Again it will out bo dotiiod that a sovereign stata should Khvethepowor of imposing a tux on all of the productive capital, bi uoficinlly employed under to* protection of her laws. Tho State of Geor gia may, and does, tax tho bauks chartered by herself; bjx thia'croatuA) of it higher power is a- hav»thosoperation of her laws. It is impolitic, it is wrong in principle, that tho enterprise of her citizens shbuld'cuutrilmts to tho support of a Wealthy corporation, which so far from yielding hsrarevcquo.uctually oppresses and impover ishes similar Institutions, which are compelled to pay their raito into hor Treasury. Itis worthy of •remark, that this bank has failed to accomplish ope object anticipated by tho states. The advo cates of its incorporation predicted, that it would eqnalizo exchange throughout tho Union, but no •soch good bus resulted. * But there is another view of tho subiect, more important to the states, and which should unite them all id opposition to this overgrown child of too Gyuoral Govoru nout. * Yonr committee he- liovo that it U tusebptibio of boing made a power- fill and dangerous political engine. Thero are thaso who'question whothor men casually thrown .together iu tho direction of that Bank, could or would dnito itr-nny one political project. But it ■Should be remembered, that community of inter est superinduces'community of feeling and of principle, and that political power is always desi rable, because it can at any time confer pecunia ry emolument. ' Dauger however, is cat so much tb bn apprehondod from a sinister movement on the partyf the directors generally, as from tho im proper use, .which a corrupt administration of die General Government may raako of the institu tion. Recurring to one feature of the charter al ready noticed, it is manifest that tho directors ap pointed on the part of tho tiuuoral Government, id ay a>d doubtless iwill often coustituto a majori ty of tho board assembled Indeliberate upon the affairs of the bauk—It is very cloar, that on such siucaaions, any measure, desired by tho adminis tration, could be carried into immediate oxocu- Con. Ifit ^s nsked-iVhat additioflal powor could hn given by this'fibsoluto control, tho ready au swor is, nothing less than that power which the Mammon of unrightcousuoss over hus exercised, Snd over will cxorci^o over the frailty of human ttatnro. If it bo asked, what would bo tho “mo dus operand!” of such a power, tho answer is c- qnally ready. ; It would operate by n judicious location 6£brnoch banks—by a prudent solcctiou of iuflacutial men ns directors of tboso branches, by instructing such directors, so to distribute their favors, as to give ascendancy over promiuent in- dividnuls in -their respective spheres of operation, and to use their power over weaker bauks around them, so as to render thorn suhssrvicut to their purposes, and finally by extending accommoda tions to mou iu power. Such are sumo of tbo modes in which it would bo mado efficient, and they are not tho suggestions of an excited fancy, but consequences which may follow from exist ing causes. The fact, that oppressions and abu ses spoken of. are not now practiced by tho bank, ft nonrguiuuutm its favor. Considerations of policy, motivos of self-preservation, uow constrain ft to oxcrciso good faith towards tho • public. A Crisis is about to take placo in the existence of that institution. .Tho arbiters of hor fate, will soon have assembled to ait iu jndgiuent upon her, and the issao will bo life or death. All evidences of corrupt management—of oppressive conduct, Of political intrigue, wiil bo collected by her uiu- mitss, and soloraaly considered by her judges, nud from their decision, there will bo no appeal, Ua- dor each circumstances, it is not to be expected, that show-ill carefully avoid doing any tiling to •xcite prejudices, nay, even, that she will do ranch to conciliate public opinion! And for this pradont regard to self-preservation, does, she ox- poct the united confidence of the states’ lty no rouaus. The questions for our determination, -are: Has tho bank of the United States extraor dinary post ers—and are there temptations to the abuse of these powers' 'Your committee vn- -hnsitatingly answer thoso questions iu tho affirm ative,.and believe them to bo conclusive on tho .subject-—Therefore thoy respectfully recommend tho adoption of tho fallowing resolutions : Jtesoloed by the Senate and House of R'pre- JaUalires of the State of Georgia, in General jUmnblg out, That our Senators in Congress, he, mad they are hereby instructed, and our Ro- pftoentalives requested to use their united and Orennoa* efforts to prevent any enactment to mnevr the charter of tho bank of the Unitod Retold A, -That his Excellency tho Governor, he, aad he is hereby requested, to forward co pies of the foregoiug report and resolutions to c^vb of oar Senators and Representatives in Congress, with a request tha^ the samo may bo Moan s of Congress, at the eomracucenicntjjf too first session of the twenty-second CougreSs.. Fellote-tMizens of the Senate arid ' .House of Representatirr*: The representatiou of tho people has been re newed for tha twenty-second timo since tlttf constitution they formed has been in force. For near 'half a century, tha chief magistrates, who have been successively chosen have made their annual communications of the slate of tho untiim to its representatives. Generally, those com munications have been of the most gratifying nature, testifying ait advance in alt the improve- incuts of social, and nil the securities of politi cal life. But frequently, and justly, ns you have been called on t:> be grateful for the bouiilies.of Providence, at foiv periods IntVe thoy been more abundantly or extensively bestowed than at tbo presStitt rarely if ever, have we bad greater reason fj congrntuiudo each other ou tho continued and increasing prosperity of our beloved country, Agii . ulture, the first and most important oc cupation of matt, has compensated tho labors of the. huibatiduiau with plentiful crops of all the vnriod products of our extensivo country. .Man ufacture,! have boon established, iu which the funds of the capitalist find a profitable investment, and which give employment and subsistence to a numerous aud ittere-tsitig body of industrious aud dexterous mechanic*. Tho laborer is rewarded by high wage*, iu tho couitrurtiuu of works of internal improvement, which arc extending with uuprcrodculcd rapidity. Ucieuce is steadily pen etrating tha recesses o’f nature aud disclosing her secrets, while the ingenuity of free minds is sub- jac.ir.g tha elctnouis to lint power of matt, and rurjciug oaeh new conquest auxiliary to his com fort. By our in whoso spaed is regularly increased, and whose routes arc every year ex tended, the cousmunicatiim of public intelligence and private business is rendered frequent aud safe—the intercourse between distant cities, which it formerly required weeks to accomplish, is now effected iu a fmv days;- and iu the construction of rail-roads, aud tho application of stoam power, we have a reasonable prospect that the extreme parts of ourcouatry will bo no much approximated, and those mast isolated by the obstacle* of nature, rendered so accessible ns to remove an apprehen sion sometimes entertained, that the great extent of tits Union would endanger its permanent ex istence. If, from the satisfactory view of our agricul tore, munufacutvrs, tin t internal improvements, wo turn to the stato of our navigation aud trade with forcigu nations uud between the States, we shall scarcely find less cause for gnitulatiou. A beneficent Providence has provided, for their ex ercise nml encouragement, au extensive coast indented by capacious bays, noble rivers, inland seas, with u country productive of every material for ship building and every commodity for gain ful commerce, aud filled with a population, ac tive, intelligent, well iuformed, and .'earless of danger: These advantages are not neglected: and an impulse has lately been given to com mercial enterprise, which fills our ship yards with new constructions, encourages all tho arts and hmuches of industry connected with them, crowds tho wharves of our cities with vessels, and covers tho most distant seas with our canvass. Let us be grateful for these blessings to tho boneficeut Being who has conferred them, aud who sullers ui to indulge a reasonable hope of tltoir continuance and extension, while wo neglect not tho means by which they may ho preserved. the American aud British dominions, as describ ed in thqfith Artk'lc oftlife Treaty of Ght nt, shall be referred as therein :prt)Vi;ieil, to renin in. inllj soye.-eigu or state; who shall be invited to inve»ti| gate, and mated decision upon : nch points of difference:" aiid'thciKingoftlie Netherlands hav ing, by tile late Vrtmdent /and jiig Britannic Mas jesty, beau designated at inch friendly tovereixu, tt became my duty'to carry' With' good faith, the agreement so made into full effect. To this outl laid before t Conxrcss at at tho presento COMMISSION BUSINESS. T HE subscriber will attond to the purchase of Cotton and tale of Merchandise, aud hopes by strict attontion to morit tha confidence tef tluwe who may favor him with theirconfidenee. AfaooB. Qcf. 7,1831. 3m JAMES REA. Wo-Journeymen Shoe-Makers. T WO firtt-ratoJOURNEYMBN SHOE MAKERS can find constant employment by applying soon to PARMALEE& CHURCH. rwv i 15 ..... «r« Otrthorizetl tu na ftv,-.. o JtAiiMOV II. HOWARD, ax a candid «e fur tot xberifialty of Bibb counrv, ms:. 7 wo may dare to judge of Hit future designs by tho manner iu which his past favors have been bestowed, lie has made our national prosperity to depend ou the preservation of our liberties—our national forco on our fcdurnl union—and our individal happiness on the maintenance of our State rights and wise institutions. If wo arc pro sperous at home, and respoctod abroad, it is be cause wo are free, united, industrious and obo- diuut to the laws. While wo continue so, wo shall, by tho blessing of Heaven, go on iu the happy career wo have begun, and which hns brought us, in tho short period of our political existence, from a population of three to thirteen miliions—frotn thirteen separato colonics to twenty four Untied States—from weakness to strength —from a rank scarcely marked in tho scale of Nutions to n high place in their respect. This last advantage is ono that itas resulted, iu a groat degree, from tho principles wltieh have guided our intercourse with forcigu Powers, siucc we havo assumed an oqual station among them: and hence, the uunuai account which the Ex ecutive renders to the country, of tho manner in which that brauck of Ins duties has been fulfilled proves instructive aud salutary. The pacific aud wise policy of our Government kept us ia a stale of neutrality during tbo wars tlnu ltavo nt did'erent periods sitico our political existence, boun carried on by other powers: but thi* policy while it gavo activity and extent toour commerce, exposed it in the samo proportion to injuries Crop tho hleligcront nations. Hence havo arisen cl,tints of indemnity for those injnries.— England, Franco, Spain, Holland, Sweden, Den mark, Naples, and lately Portugal, had till in a creator or less degree infringed our neutral rights. Demands for reparation were made upon all.— Thoy have h.td in all, and continue to have in some cases, a leading influence on tho nature of onr relations with thu ppvrers on whom they were made- Of the claims upon England it is unnecessary to spoak.further than to suy, that tho stato of things to which their prosecution and denial gave rise hns been succeeded by arrangements, productive of mutual good fecliug and amicable relations be tween the two countries, which it is hoped will not bo iuterruptod. One of these arrangements is that relatiug to tho colonial trade, which was communicated to Congress nt the last session; and nlthuugh tho short period (luring which it£ps been ia force will not cuable tuc to form an accu rate judgment ofits operation, .there is .every rea son tu believe that it will provo highly beneficial. Tito trade thereby ttulkunzcd has epijiloycd, to tho UOth Sepiomhcr last, upwards .of 00,000 tons of American, and 15,000 tons of forejgu shipping iu the outward voyages; aud, intheiuward, near ly an equal aiuonut of American, and 20,000 on ly of foreign toiiHagc. Advantages, too havo re-- suited toour agricultural interest from the stato of tho trado between Canada and our Territories and States bordering ou tho tit. Lawrence and the •Lakes, which may prove more than equivalent to tho loss sustained by tha discrimination made to favor tho trado of tho Northern colonies with tho West indies. After our transition from tho state of colonioi to that of aniudependcut uatiou, many points were found necessary to ho settled between us and Great Britain. Among them was tho demarca tion tif boundaries, not described with sufficient precision in the Treaty of Peace. Some of tho lines that divido.tho States aud Territories of the United States from the British Provinces, have been definitely fixed. That, howover, which sep arates us from tho Provinces of Canada and New Bruuswick to the North and tho East, wtu still in dispute when I came into oflico. But I found ar rangements made for its scttlomant, over which 1 had no control. Tho commissioners who had been appointed under tho provisions of tho Treaty of Ghent, having been- unablo to agree, a conven tion was rnndo with Great Britain by my imme diate prtdtcoKsnr in office, with tbo adnrbm.n ul agreement so mm 1 caused mil tbo measures to be taken which were r.ecossarjr to a full exposition of our ense to tho Sovereign Arbiter; ana nominated as Miuistcr Plenipotentiary to itis court, a distinguished citi zen of tbo-titatu most interested iu the question, aud who hod been one of too ageuts previously employed for settling the rtintroversy. On the 10th day of January last. Ills Majesty the King of the Netherlands delivered to the Plenipotentia ries of the United .Slates, and of Groat Britain Itis written opinion on the case referred to him.— Tho papers in volution to the subject wiil be coin- uVunieatcd,,f>y a special message, to the proper branch of too'Government, with the perfect con fidence that its wisdom will adopt such measures as will secure uu amicable settlement of the Con troversy, without infringing any constitutional right of thu .States immediately interested. It affords me satisfaction to inform you that sugg- tout, made by my direction, to the Chitrgi d’ Ad'.ors of ills llrtttanie Majesty, tv this Gov ornment, have hud their desired effect in piottuc ing tile release of certain American citizens, who wore imprisoned fur setting up the authority of tho til ate of Maine, nt a place in the disputed Ter ritory uuder the actual jurisdiction of Ills Bri tannic Majesty. From this, and the assurances I have received, of the desire of the local authori ties to avoid any cause of collision, l have the best hopes that a good understanding trill he kept up vutii it is confirmed by tho final disposition of the subject. Tbs amicable relations which now subsist be tweeu the United tit tles and Great Britiau, the increasing intercourse between tliair citizens, aud the rapid obliteration ol' tniiriendly prejudices to ivfiicH former i:vetits naturally gave rise—concur red to present this as a hi period for renewing our endeavors to provide against the recurrence of causes ot init.itifm, winch, iu the event of war be tween Great Britain and any oilier power, would inevitably endanger our peace. Animated by the sincerest desire to avoid such a state of things, uud peacefully to secure, uuder all possible cir cumstance,, tha rights and honor of the country, 1 have given hiicIi insiruetiuus to the Minister lately sent to tho Court of London, as will, evince that desire; und if met by it' correspondent dispo sition, which we cannot doubt, will put an end to causes of collision, winch, without advantage to cither, teud to enstrauge from each other, two u ttions who have every motive to preserve, not only pmee, but uu intercourse of the most arnica- Mi iiuture. • _ Iu my Message at the opening of the l«9t ses sion of Congress, 1 expressed a confident hope that ihu justice o! our claims upon France, urged ns they wore with perseverance ahd signal ability by our Minister there, woukl finally be acknowledg ed; •This hope has been realized. A treaty has been sigtieff 'wuich will immediately be laid before the Senate ffir its approbation; aud which con taining stipulations that require Legislative acts, .must have too concurrence of both houses lieforo it can bo carried into effect. By it, the French Gavorntneuteugagc to pay a sum which, if not quite equal to that which may be found due to our cinzous, will yet, it is believed, uuder all cir cumstances. be deemed satisfactory by those in terested. The offer of a gross sit ui, tustcad of thu satisfaction of each individual claim, was accept ed, because the only alternatives were a rigorous exaction of the whole amount stated to be due ou each claim, which might, in sonic instances, lie exaggerated by design, in others overrated through error, and which therefore it would have Item both ungracious and unjust to have insisted on, or a settlement by a mixed commission, to which the French uuguti „ rs were very averse, and which experience in other cases bad shewn to be dilatory, and wholly inadequate to too end. A comparatively small sura is stipulated on onr part, to go to tho extinction of all claims by French citizens on our Government; and a reduction of duties ou our-Cbtton and their Wines has boon a- precd on, as u consideration for the renunciation of au important claim for commercial privileges, under tho construction they gave to the Treaty fer the cession of Louisiana. Should this Treaty receivo the proper sanction it source of irritation will bo slopped that has, for so many years, in some degree alieuiated front eaclt other, two nations, who from interest, as well ns tho remembrance of early associations, ought to cherish too most- friendly relations—as encour agement will be given for presorverunco iu the de mands of justice, by this now proof, that, if stead ily pursued, they will be listened to—aud utlmoai- tiou will bo offered to those Towers, if any, wltieh tuny In) inclined.toevude them, thattocy will nev er lie ubnndtmed, Abovo all, a just eunfidcuco will lty inspired in our fellow-citizens, that their Government will exert all too powers with which thoy havo invested it, iu support of their just claims npuu Foreign nations; at the same time that tho bunk acknowledgment aud provision for tho payment of thoso which were addressed to our equity ulihuugh unsupported by iegul proof, affords a practical illustration of our submission to the divmo rule of doing to others what wo de sire they should do. unto ns. Sweden and Denmark having iimdo compensa tion for the irregularities committed by thoir ves sels; or in tlicir ports, to the perfect satisfaction of the parties concerned; and having renewed the Trenties of Commerce entered into with them, our political nml commercial relations with these Powers continue to ho outho most friendly foot ing. • With Spain, our difference up to tho Sid of February, ItiiU, were settled by the Treaty of W nshiugtutt ofthat date; but uta subsequentperi- od our commerce with the States formerly co!«uict of Spain, on-the rohtincutof America, was tm- uoyodaud frequently interrupted by ber public Si pnvato armed ships. They captured mauy of our vessels prosecuting a lawful commerce, uud sold them uud their cargoes; und ut one timo, to our demnndsfor restoration nml indemnity, oppos ed too allegation, that they were token in tfni vi olation of a blockade of all the ports of those States. This hlnckade was declaratory only, aud tho inadequacy of the force to maintain it, was so manifest, that this allegation was varied to a charge of trado iu luutrahuud of war. This, in its turn, was also fownluutenable; and tho min ister whom I sunt with instructions to press for the reparation that was duo to our iujured fellow citizens, has transmitted an answer to his demand by whiek too captures nro declared to havo bccu legal, and are justified, because tho independence of tho States of America never, having keen ac knowledged by Spain, sbo had a rigltt to prohibit trade with them under her old colonial laws.— This ground of defence was 'contradictory, not only to thoso whichi had I been formerly alleged, but to the uniform practice mid established laws of nations; and had beeu abandoned by Spain her self in the convention which granted indemnity .to British subjects for captures, made at too saiio timo, under the same circumstances, and for the samo allegations with thoso of which wo complain. I however indulge the hope tout further refiec- - .B — turn will lc;td to other views,'and feel confident i »twVL.°JLV,VL**r£"•* v ‘ v ""‘ t>,4 ‘ * !k -* Ui« »’*<»•«$ Majesty .Ir.ll he ionrrin- I ...'ilL 1 ,^ U f "to** >» v » <I I 'd of cite ju,ti.-e »TW rtWBvdtfi c.siro to tesaiss .kb "a., r nt, consideration; to toe outl tnai it, which I cannot bring myself to believe, the sflnm decision that cannot but be deoracd ait uitfriend- fy deidai of justice, should be persisted m. the matter may, before your adjournment, bo la d be fore yon, toe constitutional judges of what is ,,roper to i.o done when negotiation for redress ol ‘^I’lfe^conclusion of a treaty for indemnity with France seemed to present a favorable opportuni ty to renew our claims of a similar nature on to., other powers, and partieularly iu the case ol those upon Naples, more especially as m too course os former- negotiations with that power, our failure to iudeue France to render us justice was used as au argutnout against tv,. The desires of the mer chants, who were the principal sufferers, have therefore been acceded to, and a inissiou has been instituted for tho special purpose of obtaining for them a reparation already too long delayed. This measure having beeu resolved on, it was put in execution w ithout waiting for the meeting ol Congress, because the state of F.urope created au apprehension of eveutsthat might have ren dered our application Ineffectual, Our demands upon the Government of toe two Sicilies are of a peculUr nature: the injuries on which they are founded are not denied, nor are t!ie atrocity and perfidy under which those inju ries were perpetrated attempted to bo cxtimtuat- eil. The solo ground on which indemnity hur. been refused is the alleged illegality,tf the t -nnre bv which the monarch who ninife the seizures held his crown. This defence; always unfound ed iu any principle of toe law of nutions—now universally abandoned, even by those powers up on whom the responsibility for nets of past rulers bore the must heavily, will unquestionably be giv en up by his tiiciiian majesty, whose counsel:, will receivo an impulse from that high sense ot honor aud regard injustice which arc ai.il to characterize Inin,.nud l l'eel the fullestcottfiilcnci that the talents of tho citizen eoiuini.sloited fo that purpose w iil place before him t’to just claims of our injured citizens in such a light as will ena ble me, .before your adjournment, to announce tout they have beeu adjusted and secured. Pre cise instructions to the effect of bringing the nc gotiatiou to a speedy issue, have been gjveu, uud w iil he obeyed. lit the late blockade of Tereoiru, some of the Portuguese fleet captured several of our vessels, and committed other excesses, for which repara tion was demanded, and 1 was on toe point of despatching an. armed force, to prevent auy.ra eurroneu ot similar violence, aud protect our citi zens iu tau prosecution of their lawful commerce, wi.an official assurances, on which l relied, made the sailing of the ships unnecessary, tiiuco that period, frequent promises have been made that full indemnity shall be given for tile injuries iu- dieted ami the losses sustained. In the pt-rtorra- nnce there has been some, perhaps unavoidable, delay; but 1 ir.tvo thu fullest confidence that my earnest desire that this business may at oiteo be closed, w hich our minister lias been instructed strongly to express, wili very soon bo gratified-— 1 have the hotter ground for this hopu, from tho evidence of a friendly disposition vvhteh that Go vernment has shown by au actual reduction in tile duty on rice, the pro,luce of our tioijlheru tit.itcs, authorizing too anticipation tint this im portant article of our export will soon he admit ted ou tiie same footing with that produced by tho most favored uatiou. With the oilier powers of E-iropc, wo have fortunately had uo cause of discussion for the re dress of injuries. With the Einpac of toe Rus sians, our political connexion is ol the must friend ly, and our commercial, of tha niu.t iincr.il biud- VVe enjoy the advantages of navigation uud trade given to the most favored uatiou; but it iu.s.uot yet suited their policy, or perhaps lias not boon found convenient from oilier consideration;, to give stability and reciprocity to those privileges by a commercial treaty. Tito ill health of tl:.' minister last year charged with making a propo sition for that arrangement, did not permit him to remain at tit. l’otcrsburgh, ami toe attention of that Government, duriug the whole of the period since his departure, having deeu occupied by the war in which it was engaged, we have Ik-iii as sured that nothing could have been effected lav his presence. A minister, will soon be numinated ns well to effect this important object as to keep up tho relations of amity mid guod understanding of which wo havo received so mauy assurances and proofs from ’hi* imperial majesty, uud tlm emperor hi; predecessor. The treaty with Austria is opening to us an important trade with the hereditary dominions of the Lmporor, tho value of which has been hither to little kuutvii, aud ill' course not sufficiently ap preciated. While uurcommureu finds au eiitrjucu juto the south uf Germany by meaus of this trea ty; thoso we hare formed with the Hanseatic Towns aud Prussia, and others now in negotia tion, will open that vast country to the cuterpri. - ing spirit ofourmerchants,oil the North: u coun try abounding in all tho materials for. a mutually beneficial commorcu, filled with enlightened aud industrious inhabitants, holding nu important place iu the polities of Europe, and to which we utvc so many valaalde citizens. The ratifica tion of the treaty with the Potto was sent to he exchanged by the gentleman appointed our Charge d'Affaires to that Court, tiomfi.difflcul- tics occurred ou his arrival; but at the dale of hi;’ last official despatch, he supposed they lmd been obviated, nml that ihore tvus every prospect of the exchange being speedily affected. This finishes too contracted View 1 havo thought it proper to give ofour political awl-commercial relations iu Eiiropo. Every effort iu my power will bo continued tu strengthen nud extend litem by treaties founded ou principles of the meat per fect reciprocity of interest, neither nskiug uiir conceding any exclusive advantage, blit liberat ing as far as it lies in my power too activity aud industry ofour fellow-citizens from tho shackles which foreign restrictions may impose. To China and the East Indies, our commerce continues iu iu usual extent nud with increased facilities, which the credit and cnnjtal ofour mer chants afford, by substituting bills for payments in specie. A during outrage having been com mitted in those seas by the pluuder of one of our merchantmen engaged iu the pepper-trade at a port in tiuninini, and the piratical perpetrators belonging to tribes iu such n state uf society, tout the usual course of proceedings hctwcon civilized nations could not bo pursued, 1 forthwith des patched a frigate with orders to requiro immedi ate satisfaction for the iujury, aud indemnity • to tho suftcrcrs. Fmv changes have taken place iu our connex ions with the independent tiiates of South Ame rica since my last commuuicatioD tu Congress.— The ratification of a commercial treaty with the United Republics of Mexico hns bccu for some timo under deliberation' iu their Congress, hut was still undecided at tho date of our last des patches. Tho unhappy civil commotion* that havo prevailed there, were undoubtedly the cause of too delay; but os the Government is now said to he tranquilized, we may hope soon to re ceive the ratification of too treaty, und an ar rangement for tho demarcation of tho boundaries between us. In the mean timo an important trado has been opened, with mutual benefit, from tit. Louis in the State.of Miv-ouri, by caravans to.iho interior province.*,of Mexico. This com- u ' ,lt °McorttBc ea ~"£t hpyobd onr b-uindarics to tho settled-1,™ TH lexicon i. rritory., Partofffi, From Ce.it/aV America I have received anct-sof tlto mast friendly kind, and aen-'ra' - application for ou, good offices to r< inovn - 5 posed iu.!i-.p,v>ira... that UuvcrttJiJr a neighboring timtfi: this application W#1 l 0 ! 1 * dlately and miec«s>si«.ij complied Wlt |, Tf#* gave as also the pi'ensirtz intelligence that r/ 7 reneet bad prevailed m tour inn t Li, fairs tiH<! been p :.ce u lib adjusted. Our i with this lii puuiic continues to be faithfulu, 1 ? served, aud tirunis'.; a great and kenclich.r c “* merer between the two emfutrLs: acootii,,?* the great st importance, if the mncaifiai ntno-* of a »hii> cm:at through tho doniiulori Jra*" State, Irom the Allautic Jo the Pai-ifa now in set ion* eanUiupLtioii, shall hr,, iJJJje I have great satisfai tom u;, -v'nii uniw-D i. success wuich lias aiteieieu the ex-p-tiom • Minister in Cohnnhin. to proemo a ny ret/re ruble reduction iu the duties on 'but' ffid, r j, Uopubiic. iudcinn.t..' dBo. 'ms Inicu for inj.tries received t>y our mjrcha its frL gt.1 tu' ,zi res; und renewed assurance* areg; that ih ,'caty betweou lira two eounirhS lie f.iithfull observed. e **» l Chili aud Bern seem to bo still threatened civ ii eoinmotinus; nml uutil they slnill b« , “ disorders may naturally he apprehended, i ing the emisiHiit pie,Cure of a naval force ij|s I'iicifie ocean, to protect our fishttos and i oBrcotatirarre. The didurbatti:; tldit la.ih tilrrrc ifttfw Etc- ilf Brazil, previously to, and Ifflificdintrit ( " qticnt upon, ti e ahdientimof die late lift not ess'.rily su.pcmU'd any effectual api, lor thu retire.; of some past hjuiics iniroJil our citizens trem that Oovernnicut wliiletiJ have l:cn f!:: cause of others, in which aid r. r; seem to have parti. ,p :i«L Iitsi n .,rJ have teen given to our Ulster there, tl) fur iudemaily due fer losrcs erensioned’ hv iriegukritic;: and to-toko care-that uui’fdj eitizeus shaft enjoy ati the- privileges # tie» fd iu their favor, i>y the treaty lately ma|! tween the two i’ntve:;, all which, the gowl lL ligetice tint prevails between our ftlinmorat! Janeiro and tho Reguucy, gives u* the best r sun to expect. I should have placed Buenos Ayres-jgthe of South American i’otvers in respect to»f nothing of importance affecting us was t„ i eomimmicatofl, bqt for oenirrences wliehl lately t ikon place ot the Falkland l.-l i-ds, j| which the name of that renuldic has u.;n lis&dT covqr with a show of authority, ucu iujur:omii our conmiorec, anil to the properly and of our telle w citizens. In ttra course ef the , sent year, one uf our vessels e.ugagcd ju die r suit to trado which wo have always ciyoved,witil nut inolDStation, lp<s heetf t-.q.lurcd fij ,(,,3 acting, ns they pretend, under the authorial tho Government of Buenos Ayres. I have tl 1 foro giveu orders for the despatch of an ai„ vessel, to join our squadron iu those seatl aid iu afl'orqiiig ail lawful protection to onr nai which shall ho necessary; and shall, wMiomIl ay, send a Minister to wquiro in:.i> the nature] the eircnmstaiiees, ami alto of thopiaun, if* that is sot tip Ivy that Government todui.c uIul fu thu mean time, I submit the caso to the corn! deration of Oougress, to thu end thsuhey w clothe the Executive with such nutherity» means as they may demji accessary hep t iding a force adequate'to the eeait-i-rcpw tion ofour fellow citizen* fitoitig aud tiaUjgi those se:t3. This rapid s'ictch of our forcigu rWatiens, ill hoped, fcilotv-eituseus, may tin afstuneawiss mucjtof youb.leglsi.itibu as aiay'eijf ou Uiatir uortaul subject; while it affords jt-j flic coanfiy I large a source of high gratification iu the, u.-.w jd.itiuii of of onr pnlineal aud zscitimcicut! roq ucxion with ttu: text of the world. -It lie«™ sill nil—hit n:g vldijiei* of iuttirc dillcran.': v.itii in and tonse.susceptible of easy miju^tmciit. uten ing our commerce gradually on nil inks. Wj io:to by any but the most* liberal and i&nefit’Sl iiauiu;—we may, by the Ui Iranefii.?'! i.iean;—we may, by the Um».s| ( i'rovideuce, hope for all that uatiouel ars which can be derived froJJi .t»»i.intercourse'i foreign ii.ttiort., guided by those eternalpiiaq of justice aud rtJv : jirociil good niU, wiiauj tidnliag ns well upon ii. atos, as the imlivr^ of whom they are composed. 1 have great satisfaction in making tbiifi went of onr affairs, because the course ofsuri tiimal policy enables mo to do it withoutasjiJ discrete exposure of what iu other covert is usually caneuakd from lira people. I none but n straight forward openeouree to p —guided iiy a single principle that will brorH siroitceat light—we ltavo bupipily uo politicals l iuatloil to form, no alliances to onn-sgkM comjdicated interests to Cousijlt; ami '# >■ iwg all we iiovu douo to the eoiwiilcrationol ri'iztns, nud to tlm inspection of tho wow," give m> mlvaatagotn other nations, and Uj«" selves open to ilo injury. It may not ho improper to add that to [ tub- Unto of things aud give eonMcoc* world iu the, integrity of onr desigu*, all ocr j 1 sular aud diplomatic .ageuts are stricM Wj® U> examine well every cause of eoinpBudP’ 1 red by our citizonn; nud, vvltilo they ur^c *■ proper earnestness those thotare well ibiuittusuec tiuiiu that are uu reave n*a!cwj j.t t. and to enjoin on our merchants nml sJsT •.nl... l!.-<inn tin till! i tors tilt: strictest obcdic’ico to the l- 1 " 5 * . countries to which they resort, and a cu H J conauet ia their dcnii.igs tliat ntay character of our uatiou uud rcuilcr iff r* abroad. - - Connected with this subject I ,n “ sl . r /j mend a rovisal ofour eouvulnr laws. Pw"]l omission* lo<vtqnoou discovered iff their c|*tw| that ou.'riit to ho remedied and .supphe* 1- 1 your tot (Iter iuturmutioii ou this sn'y ' 11 ! | dirccteil a report to lie inatlu by the Occ.xl J State, which 1 shall hereafter submit to yctjtc sidcratien. , ^ The mtcmal peace find security ef<*”’ /“”1 crated titufes, is thu next principal UDjcotwj General Government. Time anil have proved that tbo abode uf the n*uw wiihiu their limiu is dangerous to tbw|K*™l injurious to himself. To accordance tviUJ^I cummeitdatiou ut n former ticssiou ofb*(J nil appropriation of half a million inmlc loahl the voluntary removal tM tribes, heymid too limit* of the Stitt* 1 Inst tiession, i had the happiness to “ tlint thu Ghiekasiiws aud Cliuctaw* B*“ a . thu generous offer of tho Government, tort move beyond toe Mi-abripp 1 r f ver, 1 ’Ln the wliolo of llio tilute of .Mississippi #nu • en» pnrt of Alahamii will Ira occupnucy and olraucd to a civilized pof I The Treaties with these tribes aro m • (( ;S execution, und their removal, it isBop*®' I compluied ip tho course of I8SL _ ^1 At too rcqu'isl of tho nulhoritiss of “rejj registration of Chi-rukou ludisW •“ * luu been resumed, and it is coufioenuy that one half, if net two thirds ol , lullow tlie wise example of their ta j lirctoreu. Those vv Ilo prefer rcmnmi *. prescut homes, will ktr-aftor be by the law* of Geuigia, as her ‘■''t*** . cease to ke tile ohjocl of jiccuharcarfi of thn General GovernineDt. j During tho present ytur, the, sf 1 ' 0 /;'i tiovernmint hns been piirtwuwril • Jf ,a-j .fhose frites in tho powerful rpjl $ 1