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SAYAMAH DAILY HERALD. VOL. 1-NO. 64. The Savannah Daily Herald f MORNING AND EVENING; 18 PC3U3HED BY f3. W. 3IASON & CO., At 111 Bat .Street, Savannah, Georgia. TERMS: Per Copy Five Cents. Per Hundred $3 so. per Year $lO 00, advertising: Tiro Dollars per Square of Ten Lines for first in sertion : ODe Dollar for each subsequent one. Ad vertisements inserted in the morning, will, if desired, appear In the evening without extra charge. JOB PRINTING every style, neatly and promptly done. THE EMPEROR’S LIFE OF CiESAR. The life of Julius Caesar, writ ten by Louis Napoleon, was to be published about the first of March. A number of copies were struck off at the Imperial Printing Office, of the largest quarto form, with all the advantages of the finest type and paper, for the Emperor to offer to the Ministers, high functionaries of state, the representatives of foreign Courts, and certain other distinguished persons. The volume consists of three hundred and fifty seven pages, in two books, one containing six chapters, the other five, ■■with four maps and an engraving of Caesar. The engraving is from a portrait by M. Ingres, and it would seem the artist lias done his best to make it resemble that of Napoleon I. The Preface to this work has been pub lished abroad, and attracts much attention, as indicating, to some extent, the ideas of government by which the French Emperor is controlled. The Preface is as follows: * Historical truth ought not to be less sacred than religion. If the precepts of faith elevate our soul above the interests of this world, the lessons of history, in their turn, inspire us with the love, of the beautiful and the just, with a hatred for everything which is an ob stacle to the advancement of the welfare of mankind. Those lessons, to be profitable, require certain conditions. It is necessary that tacts should be produced with rigorous exactitude, that political and social changes should be philosophically analyzed, that tue piquant attr'action of the details of the lives of public men should not distract attention from their political task or throw their pro vidential mission into oblivion. The historian too' often gives us the various phases of history as spontaneous events with out diving deeper into anterior facts for their real origin and natural deduction ; in like manner as the artist who, in reproducing the accidents of Nature, devotes himself simply to their picturesque effect without being able in bis picture to give their scientific de monstration. The historian ought to be more thau a painter ; be ought, like the geologist, who explains the phenomena of the globe, to discuss the secret of the transformation of our social world. But, in writing hist my, what are the means to ascertain the truth ?* Tiae only way is to follow the rales of logic. Let us take it for granted at once that great results are always due to a great cause, never to a small one ; in other words, an incident insignificant in appearance never leads to great results with out a ptfe-existing cause which has allowed that small, incident to achieve a great result. A spark does not create a great conflagra tion unless it falls upon combustible mate rials accumulated beforehand. Montesquieu confiims this idea: “It is good fortune,” he says, “which rules the world. * * * * * There, are general causes, either moral or physical, which act in every mon archy, elevate it. uphold it or ruin it. All incidents are subjected to these causes, and it the chance of battle—that is to say, a special cause—has ruined the State, there existed a general cause which implied that that State was to perish in a single battle; in fact the chief inducements absorb all other special incidents.” If, during a period of nearly one thousand years, the "Romans always issued forth tri umphant from the most severe trials and from the greatest dangers, it is because there was a general cause which always rendered them superior to their enemies, and which did not suffer defeat and partial disasters to lead to a fall of their sway. If the Romans, after giving to the world the example of a people establishing themselves firmly and growing great by liberty, have seemed since Caesar to throw themselves blindly into serf dom, it is because there existed a general reason which fatally prevented the republic from returning to the pure form of its form er institutions; it is because the rvants and the new interests of a society in labor re quired other means to be satisfied. In the same manner that logic proves to us in important ev&nts the lesson why they are imperative, in like manner wo must recog nize both in the long duration of an institu tion the proof of its worth, and in the incon testible influence of a man upon his age the proof of his genius. The task consists, then, iu endeavoring to discover the vital clement which constituted the strength of the institution, like the pre dominating idea which made the man act. Following this rule, we shall avoid the errors of those historians who collect facts transmitted by preceding ages, without ar ranging them according to their philosophi cal importance ; glorifying what deserves censure, and leaving in the dark that which calls for light. It is not a minute analysis of the Roman organization which will make us understand tile duration of so great an em pire, but a deep investigation into the spirit of its institutions; it is not, moreover, a detail ed narrative of the lesser acts of a superior man which will reveal to us the secret of its ascendancy, but a careful elimination of the elevated motions of his conduct. When extraordinary facts demonstrate an eminent genius, what'can be more contrary to good sense than to attribute to him all the passions and sentiments of mediocrity? What more erroneous than not to recognize tlie pre-eminence of those privileged beings who appear from time to time in history as brilliant beacons, dissipating the darkness of 'heir epoch, and throwing light upon the fu ture? To deny such preeminence would, moreover, be an insult to human nature, by believing it capable of submitting for a length 01 time, and voluntarily, to a denomination hot based upon real greatness or incontest ible utility. Let us be logical and we shall be just. Too many historians find it more easy to lower men es genius than to raise themselves by a generous inspiration to their level by penetrating their past designs. Thus a great Caesar, instead of showing us Rome, torn by civil wars, corrupted by wealth, treading its ancient institutions under foot, threatened by powerful nations,—the Gauls, the Germans, and the Parthians, —incapable of maintain ing itself without a stronger central power, more stable and more just; instead, I say, of drawing that faithful picture, Caesar is repre sented to us from his very youth, meditating already upon supreme power. If he resists Sylla, if he disagrees with Cicero, if he en ters into alliance wilh Pompey, it is all the result of that far sighted cunning which has divined everything to enslave everything; if he dashes into Gaul it is to acquire' wealth by pillage, or soldiers devoted to his cause; if he crosses the sea to carry his eagles into an un known country, the conquest of which will strengthen that of the Gauls, it was but to seek for pearls supposed to exist, in the seas of Great Britain. If. after having vanquished to the formi dable enemies of Italy beyond the Alps, he meditates upon an expedition against the Partebians to avenge the defeat of Crassus, it is, say certain historians, because activity suited his nature, and that he enjoyed better health when in the field ; if be accepts with gratitude a laurel crown from .the Senate and bears it proudly, it is to hide his bald bead ; if, finally, he is assassinated by the men whom he has overwhelmed with his bounty, it is because be wished to make himseli king—as if he was not, for his con temporaries as well as for posterity, much greater than anything. Since Suetonius and Plutarch, such are the miserable interpreta tions which have been given to the noblest acts But by what sign are we to recognize the greatness of man ? In the sway of his ideas, when his principles and his system triumph, dispute his death or Lis defeat. Is it not, in fact, the prerogative of genius to outlive destruction, and to extend its em pire over future generations? Caesar disap peared, and his influence predominates still more than during his lifetime ; Cicero, his adversary is obliged to exclaim : “All the acts of Csesar, his writings, his words, his promises, his thoughts, are more powerful utter his death than if he were still alive.” During centuries it has sufficed to tell the world that such was the will of Csesar for the world to obey. That which precedes sufficiently indicates the object I have proposed to myself in writing this history. That object is to prove that when Providence raises up such men as Csesar, Charlemagne, and Napoleon, it is to trace out to nations the path they ought to follow, to stamp anew era with the seal of their genius, and to accomplish in a few years the work of many centuries. Happy the nations who and follow them! Woe to those who misunderstand and resist them! They act like the Jews ; they crucify their Messiah. They are blind and guilty—blind, for they see not the im portance of their efforts to suspend the fiual triumph of good; guilty, for they only re tard its progress by impeding its prompt and fertile application. In fact, neither the assassination of Csesar nor the imprisonment at St. Helena, could destroy beyond revival two popnlar causes i overthrown by a league disguising itself with the mark of liberty. Brutus, by killing Ca?sar, plunged Rome into the horrors of civil war; ho did not prevent the reign of Augustus, but he rendered possible those ol Nero and Caligula. Nor has the ostracism ' of Napoleon, by conspiring Europe, prevent ed the resuscitation of the Empire, and yet how distant are w T e from the solution of great questions, from the appeased passions, from the legitimate satisfaction given to na tions by the first Empire. Thus, ever since 1815 that prophecy of the \ captive of St. Helena has verified itself: “What struggles, what bloodshed, what j •years will vet be required that the good I: wished to do to mankind may be realized ?” Napoleon. Palace of the Tuilleries, March 20, 1862. The last Artists’* Reception in New York was a brilliant affair, besides being the last one of the season. An unusual display of beauty, fashion and lions was stiperadded to the artistic attraction, and every nook and corner of the Studio Building was profiled, in true tenement house style, on the occasion. The Exhibition room was too crowded, din ing most of the evening, to admit of any lengthened or critical' examination of the pictures that graced its walls. There was a noticeable absence of specimens by the “old masters” of local Art; the larger number of pictures, by far, being from the younger artists’ easels ; but, for all that, the Exhibi tion was one of which any group of artists might well be proud, and of"which the most querulous critic might easily speak well. In the studios up stairs the “painters and gla ziers,” as Campbell once called them In a toast, were at home to their friends and the public, having put their newest pictures fore most, with an air that seemed to say, “my last is my best,” and which challenged any denial. Rogers, the modeler of so many charming and dainty groups, illustrative of peace and war, of "liberty and slavery, or loyalty and treason, was busy all tho evening doing the honors of his attractive studio, while a thousand of the elite passed into and out ol the room within the three hours allot ted rece P^ on - His latest conception, “1 he Bushwhacker,” although quite unfin ished as yet, was the theme of many com plimentary comments. The reports industriously circulated by gold operators, that Mr. McCulloch intends to adopt sobie violent measures for putting down the price of gold, are without founda tion. Any such attempts would infallibly defeat their own puipose, besides producing a mischievous effect on the credit of the Government. Hox. Charles W. Bradley, a prominent citizen, formerly Secretary of State of Con necticut, and under President Pierce, United States Consul at China, died on Wednesday. The New Haven Register says : “Probably no American was better versed in Chines* history, language, and manners." SAVANNAH, GA., MONDAY, APRIL 3, 1865. THE ELEPHANT IN CIVILIZED LI FE HABITS', disposition and eccentricity of the ANIMAL. . A showman in New York contributes to the Tribune some interesting facts concern ing the elephants which have been brought to this country. He says that the great ele phant Hannibal is now seventy years old, and appears to be still growing. VYe quote Irom his entertaining sketch: METHOD OF TREATING ELEPHANTS. Female elephants are generally, if not in variably, gentle and docile, and may be man aged by any one. There may have been exceptions to this rule, as elephants, like human beings, differ in their disposition, but such exceptions have not been known to occur in this country. The full-grown male elephant, however, is an animal that requires constant watching, and above all, a fearless keeper. No man can occupy that position with any safety until he has acquired a com plete mastery over the animal that he takes in charge, and the latter made to understand that the slightest hesitation in obeying the commands of his master wiil lie met with immediate and severe punishment. The ele phant can only be ruled by fear; when thor oughly subdued he is the most obedient of servants. In some cases an elephant will acknowledge anew keeper without difficulty or protest; at other times a contest is neces sary before he will submit, and this is gen erally the case with old ones. Mr. Nash has had charge of Tippo Sail) for seven years. The second summer that he travelled with him, Tippoo rebelled for the first time. He struck at Nash while he was practicing the animal In the tent, there being no audience present. Mash made-the brute lie down, chaining his legs together so that he could not get up again, and then put the cold steel into him. Tippoo was obsti nate, but so was Nash, and the animal find ing that he must either giv*up or be killed, finally “begged,” and has been upon his good behavior ever since. Sometimes it is the work of days to bring an elephant to submis sion. If he loose, it is necessary to “hob ble,” and throw him as a preliminary proceed ing, a task which it may take twenty men hours to accomplish. Once down, he is speared and pitchforked until the blood runs from every part of his body, and this is kept up without cessation nntil endurance is ex hausted, and he announces liis submission, which he does by a peculiar whistle through his trunk, followed by a blleowing—an ele phant's method of crying “enough,” when lie is released; and whoever takes him in charge at that moment he will obey as his master, aiffi no other. In this matter the elephant always acts most honorably. No matter how Violent he may have been, the instant he “begs,” he may safely be released from his chains, and no instance has ever been known of an elephant violating his parole given under these circumstances. At some future period he may rebel again, but for the time his word may be depended upon. TRAITS AND DISPOSITION OF THE ELEPHANT. Very little, if any affection exists in the ele phant toward his keeper. That disreputable quadruped, Old Hannibal, has indeed been known to indulge in frantic demonstrations of delight at the approach of a former keeper whom he had not seen for many months, while on the other hand Tippo Saib, who is one of the best behaved of his race last win tt r refused to bestow the slightest recognition upon one of his former keepers, who had had him in charge for years. When an ele phant rebels, his keeper is the first man that he tries to kill. Mr. Langworthy bad charge ot Bolivar for nine years and a half, during all of which time he was under the most complete subjection, but one day the old fel low turned on him with such fury that he barely escaped with his life. They are gen erally fond of the companionship of a dog, and will submit to any quantity of insolence from one of that species after the latter has gained a looting in their good graces There j was a celebrated dog called “Turk” that traveled for many years with Bolivar, and exercised a complete control over that huge creature. When Bolivar made his attack upon Langworthy, “Turk”iushed undaunted ly to the rescue, and kept his attention em ployed until enough men were got together to overpower the elephant. There has never been an instance known in this country of an elephant injuring a stranger without 'provo cation, unless in oue of the fits of madness to which they are sometimes subject. Their | keepers may 'take them through the most ! dense crowds without the slightest danger to the throng. If they are insulted, however, they will resent it. Last summer, while Van Amburgh’s trav eling establishment was making a procession through the streels-of Boston, a Hibernian gentleman, a street-sweeper by profession, amused himself by thrusting a broom into Tippoo Saib’s mouth. There was a whisk of the elephant’s trunk, and the next instant there was an astonished Irishman sailing over the heads of the assembled multitude. He vvas not seriously injured, however.— Elephants appear to have a spite against showmen, and will strike a menagerie when ever they can get .an opportunity. They will sometimes have a dislike to individuals. While Van Amburgh was traveling in Eng land, there was a musician in the band who was in the habit of amusing himself by placing paper his trombone and blowing them out at Bolivar. He was fre quently cautioned in regard to the habit, but persisted in it. One day Bolivar happened to pass tho band wagon while this individ ual was blowing away at his trombone,when without the slightest ceremony he reached into the vehicle with his trunk, pulled out the unfortunate musician and hurled him a distance of twenty feet, breaking several of his ribs. Bolivar then made a charge for him, and would have finished him speedily had it not been for the interference of his keeper. Elephants are subject from physical causes at times to fits of moroseness, sometimes in creasing to frenzy, when they are very dan gerods unless properly secured. They pay no regard to keeper or any one else. It was during one of these fits of madnesss that Hannibal made his celebrated raid on the road between Pawtucket and Fall River in 1853, when he escaped from his keeper and ran nine miles, destroying everything in hi way. These fits can generally be foresees and guarded against. Elephants do not lin I tobacco, but the stories told, and geuerake believed, in regard to their visiting with dire vengeance any one who should offer them the weed, are all stuff. Indeed, there was an elephant here some years ago, called Poo dah, that would eat paper after paper of fine cut with the greatest apparent relish. Gen erally, however, they eschew it. But they all like rum. Every elephant seems to have a natural taste for whiskey, or any Intoxica ting drink. Bolivar, when he was in the Tower of London, and quite small, was made drunk upon highly sweetened grog, and his antics were said to be indescribably comical. He always was a regular toper whenever he could procure the material. On one occasion, after he had come to ma ture years, he broke into a brewery, ate the malt, got gloriously fuddled on ale.and finish ed by smashing up things generally. That spree cost Mr. Van Amburgh a heavy sum in the way of damages. Elephants are extremely timid in regrad to rats and mice. A rat running through the straw bedding of old Hannibal will cause that immense beast to trumpet in the wildest terror. They sometimes object to their keep er’s changing horses. The keeper, when traveling on the road usually rides on horse back. The elephant becomes accustomed to the company of a particular horse, and well conducted elephants have been known to turn upon their keepers when they appeared with anew mount. They are extremely jealous in regard to any assumption of au thority, or any undue familiarity on the part of any one except the regularly acknowledged keeper. This accounts for their antipathy against showmen. They are very fond of flowers. If an elephant gets loose in the night he is tolerably sure to make for the nicest flower garden in the vicinity, and he is certain to leave unmistakable traces of his visit. Flowers form liis favorite salad. A nice orchard of young fruit trees is a great temptation to an elephant. They are all fond of slipping their l’asteniugs, when it is prac ticable, and starting off on a foraging expedi tion, a trait which has led to some very funny occurrences. Queen Anne got loose once in Missouri, and making her way into the woods, defied all efforts to capture her for several weeks. She was finally run down by a party on horseback, organized for the pur pose. When retaken she had become quite wild and unmanageable, but was' soou civil ized by the usual process. A man named Rogers, in New London, starved his horse to death. Thirty days’ imprisonment for him. Is that all? That magistrate ought to have had thirty daj9 at the tread-mill him self, and been kept on bread and water mean time, to give him a notion of how pleasant it is to work hard and be starved for food at the same time. Next time he had a similar case, he would probably have dealt a punishment more in accordance with the atrocity of the case. ’ + An international rooster fight, between French and Belgium birds, was fought re cently, and won by the parley-voo. Os course it was—lsn’t the ‘r‘oo3ter the na tional bird of France. Don’t the French per petually crow over all the world and the rest of mankind, and hasn't their Gallic Cock” strayed away from his own dunghill and come over and planted himself on North American soil, iy the vicinity of Mexico— and wont he have to have-his comb cut pres ently. Oli no ’ —— - ■ Miss Maggie Mitchell is meeting with great success in her Western engagements. She is now in Chicago, fulfilling her second en gagement this season at McVicker's Theatre. A novel entertainment was given in compli ment to her on the conclusion of her recent engagement at Nashville, which is thus al luded to by a newspaper of that city: ■ ‘On Friday night, after the close of the perform ance, a costly entertainment, gotten up by Mr. and Mrs. Flynn, in honor of Miss Maggie Mitchell, was prepared on the stage. A sup per fit for the gods was spread out, and the principal members of the company, and a large number of invited guests participated. After the supper and wine, the stage was cleared, and the old theatre was the scene of the merry dance until 4 a. m., Jat which hour the social party broke up and the com pany separated highly pleased with the en tertainment.” • The Oath op Loyalty in the Supreme Court.— The Supreme Court has vindicated itself. Henceforth no lawyer who is unwil ling to swear fealty to his government and disconnect himself from all affiliation with rebels, ban practice at its bar. It is right that the highest judicature of the nation should exempt itself from even the suspicion of harboring rebel sympathizers within pre cincts consecrated by the genius of Marshall and the learning-of story. It'is right, too, that jnen who are the sworn conservators of the law, and whose lives are devoted to tho protection of their clients, should not shrink from avowing their qualified loyalty and their honest indignation at the works of trea son. No man who hesitates about disclaim ing all sympathy with rebellion should be heard at the bar of humblest, much less of the highest tribunal of the land, and ac cordingly the Supreme Court has ordered that henceforth all lawyers who seek to prac tice there shall take the oath prescribed for other officers by the Congress of the United States. The artist of the nineteenth ccntuir has abandoned the grand idealisms of the Vene tian painters. He no more depends exclu sively on the treatment of his subject. The art of to-day, familiar, complex and close to the triviar facts of the time, as well as earnest in expressing the profoundest ideas, is the painted illustration of human life, and more especially of contemporary life. It has ex tended its aim and abandoned the abstrac tions of the primitive Italians, and proved itself independent of the generalizations of the splendid Venetians. Miss Evans, the young Welsh temperance speaker, has lately given $2,000 to the Sani tary and Christian commission. She also supports her father’s large family, and shows conclusively enough what a woman can do. PRICE. 5 CENTS ODDS AND ENDS, OF NEWS AND IN CIDENTS. There are 2648 distressed spinners in Eng land. An Austrian Princess lately died in a debt or’s prison in Vienna—Radviville was her name. Boston is screaming for anew hotel. Jea lous of her Continental. Little Patti's affianced husband is said to have an income of nine millions. The endowments given to American col leges within two years amount to $1,571,- 000. The Main Legislature gets $l5O a man per annum. No long sessions there. Operatic performances are given in Alex andria, Egypt. There are over 30,000 deformed children in Great Britain. President Lincoln orders the immediate arrest of all parties found engaged in rebel trade. Citizens will be imprisoned during the continuance of the war. Foreigners will be banished from the country, not to return under a penalty of imprisonment. The managers of the New York inebriate asylum have concluded, alter trial, that they can’t cure drunkards in less than a year. But the opposition institutions, the rum shops, contrive to kill a great many of them in less time than that. In a country theatre there were only seven persons in the house one nigat. The pit took offence at the miserable acting ol a performer, and hissed him energetically; whereupon the manager brought his com pany on the stage, and out-his9ed the visitors. In Tennessee, twenty-five counties'give 18,767 votes for the amended Constitution, being a fraction over 750 votes for each coun ty. All but two of these counties belong to Middle Tennesse, the stronghold of secession in 1861. Prof. Brackett, of Bowdoin College, pronounces the opinion that a coal mine ex tends along the coast from Rhode Island to Nova Scotia, but that the bed is too far out to be worked. Blocks are occasionally cast upon the beach by the wave§. Secretary McCullough intends to issue another Seven and Three-Tenths per cent, loan, of one hundred and fifty millions, re deemable in tour years, instead of three as now. The present loan is nearly absorbed. No more three cent currency will bo issued. It is said that many lives were saved at the recent Philadelphia fire by the device of pelting the upper windows of teneo»ents with snow-baUs, which, breaking the glass, awak ened the inmates in time to make their es cape, which a few moments’ delay would have rendered impossible. Reports in the rebel war office at Rich-, mond, claim that up to the middle Jtrf Jam*? ary, seven hundred and fiftyfftra ’Bo moie, Union soldiers had availed themselves of the order issued last summer by Gen. Lee, offer ing to help deserters to their homes by smug gling them through our lines. The Empress Engenie has just lost / a law suit, which has been in progress for sevea&l years in the Supreme Court of Madrid. The Empress claimed theCouDtess-ship of Miranda and the vast estates attached to that ancient title, her right to which had been successfully . disputed by the Malpican family. By the provisions of the new postal law newspapers are to be paid two cents a letter lor the advertised list. Letters not prepaid will be sent to the Dead Letter Office, and where the payment has been insufficient the balance, not double as at present, will be collected. The rebel Gen. Terry, who is now station ed in Texas, is the same who was Chief Jus tice of California, and resigned that office in 1850 to fight a duel with Broderick, United States Senator from that State, whom he killed. He left California in 1862, and went to Texas via Mexico. It is stated that in Franco the safety of railway travelling is shown to be seven times greater than in England; in Belgium nine times; in Prussia sixteen times. In these countries railroads are under the strict super vision of the Government, and the manage ment in held to the closest responsibility. It is told of Edward Everett, that within a few years o s had paid principal and interest of a physician’s bill against a deceased bro ther, that had been standing for abont thirty years, and was accidentally brought to his notice. The physician had not asked or even expected payment. There is a strange story afloat in Montreal to the effect that a Commissioner on the part of the Washington government has been in that city for weeks negotiating with the leaders of the Annexation party, and obtain ing information as' to the feeling of the peo ple on the subject of a union of Canada with the United States. Some enthusiastic, but not over sensible Baptist, has got out an edition of the New Testament, in which everything is made to conform to Baptist principles. It reads after this manner: “In those days came John the Immerser, preaching in the wilderness of Judea.’’ Will anybody of the “other persua tion” be silly enough to publish the comple ment to this folly in an edition, reading, “In those days came John the Sprinkler ?” The professor who holds the Hebrew chair at Sorbonne, France, is over 60 years old, and is blind. His name is Munch.’ He is a Silesian Jew, and a man of great erudi tion. In 1856, since he lost his sight, he de ciphered the hieroglyphics on an ancient Sarcophagus at the Louve, his only guide being his finger tips. He is equally versed in Sanscript, Arabic, and Chaldaic. Carl Benson writes to the N. Y. Evening Post: “English grammar is certainly getting to be more and more at a discount. Wilkes’ Spirit being called upon to decide a bet, gravely declares that the expression, “There is a billiard -match between him and me,” is ungrammatical. Os course I shall not insult the readers of your paper by showing that the clause is perfectly good English.”