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Proofediog On -He princiof giving tf tienr lupport national eredir, an Aof maintaining the national firth and honor in *jolarr, they have carefully compared the amount of cv-ry demand against govern ment ; the terms of payment stipulated, with the current expenditures as reduced ; and the ;:n nu al revenue, excltffive of the internal taxes ( xCeeds the want of the nation —They have therefore repealed all the internal taxes. \$ the repeal of these tares has been at tributed to a ch firm to promote the interests of one fiction of the union, at the expense of another a few moments may be well employ ed in confi iering this luhjecl. K>;rife is a tax always c fious to a free pee pie, fro n the extent of power which is rccef fari!y given to enforce an obedience to the ] ivv. “It deems hardly compatible with the termer of a free nation. It was so abhor rear, to the feelings of the people of England, that the houTe of commons once voted to b inr- o condign pimiihment certain persons v/ho eharofd them with a design to intro duce it. It was, however, afterwards ■ intro duced in; o that nation, firft levied on a few articles, from time to time extended to others as be ocouT we: e found to submit to the im- } -</fition, until at lad i: embraced alrr.oft every iti ride of convenience and many of necessity. So here it commenced with a duty on dif riled spirits : bur <n the tourfe of four years “as extended to the ordinary Tales, for con t’>.r. * •' r ‘ | p' r 'ic brandies and wines; ~, ; .u falcs x auction ;to all can iagr Tor the c “ vc nnm* cf persons, and all refiners of sugar.—Mad it been continued and the fame AT.at: of policy pnrfucd, in a few more years, as in England, the paper for our fchool books, the dyes (or urn clothing, the lights for our rooms, the beer for our tables and the ihoes for cur feet would have been laid under contribution.-r-As it refpecls its cflccfts on domestic diftillcd fpirirs it operates, in the firft inllance, upon two deferiptions of per sons : Jib. The people who have emigrated from the old fcetlements into the interior, who en counter all the evils and hardships of open ing the wilderncfs, are deprived efthe conve nience of market towns, or markets, and who are incapable of iapplying themfelvcs from a foreign marker, or vending their fur pi us grains. With them a circulating medium is lcarcely known ; their neceflities force them to resort to the process of diftillaticn, tc prevent the loss of their surplus crops, and These fmg.srar.ts are highly uieful to the nation : they form a barrier again ft the fa \ ages, they rx:end the sphere of adion ; their ear ‘ration prevent* a too dense population which increal'es the comforts of thole lefc be hind. To levy this tax on them is unjust: and cruel. They require the (offering hand of a parent, not the gralping hand of a tyrant or tJx ,r atherer. The middle and theeaftern (hates have uni - for.nely cherished and aided infant fettlemenrs by freeing them wholly from taxation for a considerable time. The wildjm and policy of the measure have never been doubted, 2d. Persons principally redding in our large towns who enter upon the business of cilli latioi for the pnrpofeof acquiring pro perty. The spirits with which they furnifh the marker, are derived either from molafles imported, or from grains, cyder, and the like, purchafcd of cur farmers. So far as they are derived from the difbillation of mobiles, trie government derives a revenue from the article, by a duty on its importation. So far as the Spirits are derived from articles produced in the country 5 the excise reduces the price of the a? tide, and throws the tax upon the farming interell. When the diftil- Jer pays government ren cents the gallon on the fpu-irs he distills, he will deduct that ten cents from the price he pays for the portion of grain or liquor it requires to produce the fpirir. By removing the excise on distilled ftfirits, government does the mod efficient a6t in its power, to turnifh the farmer with a reafonabie marker. The demand of bread in Europe has of late years enabled the farmer to fell his pro duce at a high price, but let peace once visit that quarter of the globe, he will find an in creased proportion of the monied capita! ap plied to diftilhition, and by that the price of the various kinds of grain will be principally regulated. The charge that it favours Virginia and the other agricultural states, to die injury of MafTachufetts, ar.d other dates, is not true ; the report of the Secretary of the Tre 1 fury lately pubhfhed, evinces the falihood of the allegation. Indee 1, when the excise on distilled fpi ffirs was laid, it was confkiered as particularly njurio”s to the interefi of Maffiuchufetts. Mr. Da!to a an.l Governor Strong both vo ted a yarn ft the bill. This appears by the Journals of th“ Senate. Congn fs were induced to repeal Tele taxes, I fro m the following confi ’erafions : the remaining revenue* of govern ment were equal to its nece.lTties ; that it won! 1 be an equal and great relief to the people, not only as it enabled them to apply the amount of the monies, lay, 900,000 dol lars yearly to their private use ; but as it would Tee them from the loss of time and expence which was neceHunly required in travelling to and from the various offices to furnilh themfeives with licences and stamp paper, and to make their payments. The difference in the consumption of die ci tizen’s time and money in the coUedhon of the external and internal revenues is im me.ofe. The firft is limited to a very few commercial points where the merchants and officers re fide. The latter extends to every portion of the Union. It operates more or less in every town, village and settlement. The system itffiif c reates an embarrafsmem on business ; not unfrequently the expence of procuring the licence on piper is equal to the whole revenue derived from it. That the expense of supporting the various officers employed in collecting it, confi.mes rr.cre than twenty dollars out of every hun dred dollars collected, and amounts to 1 80,000 dollars yearly, every cent of which is saved ro the people by abolishing the lys tem. While the duties on imported articles does not require an expense of more than five dollars on a hundred do'lais paid. That the fvfte:n,by creating a valt number of offices, had a tendency to increase :he pow er and patronage of the t xecutive so ffir, that it might become, if it hrJ rot already been, dangerous iv# tX liberties est the country. That experience had (hewn governments become extravagant and expendve in propor tion to the means they poffieffitd. It was therefore both just and politic to iurrendcr and yield up to the people, that portion of j revenue winch was not ncccflary to the gov ; eminent. That this surrender ougiu to ccn - j fift of those raxes which are o.oft obnoxious ; which moft embarralled tlic ordinary purfuiis |of the people, and which were cf political afpeift the mod suspicious ; and that the his tory of the nations who have gone before us evinces this truth. That a system of excise when once established, is ufViall/ extended from article to article, until it is applied to all the comforts and conveniences of life, and moll of its neceftities, when it finks the body of the nation into wretchedness and poverty. Considering the condition of the persons upon whom the carriage tax operated, it ap peared m rumc neafirfi deftrable to continue fK.r rax ; Kof when It was mat rt produced only 77,^71 dollars anH 41 cents, that it could not be continued without em ploying a v ift corps of officers at an expence equal, or nearly equal to the tax, thereby preserving the feeds of another general excile system, the policy of the government forbade its continuance. It his been laid by opposi tion that the repeal of these taxes only opei ated tn relieve the more wealthy; leaving the poor under the whole prefture of ali their former burthens. That if the finances of the nafton adm'tted of a reduction, the duty on fill, bohea tea, and brown sugar ought to be diminilhed. Yet they and their friends were the persons who levied the duties on these articles two years before they levied any excise. They have from time to time in creased the duties on the fame articles. The firft duty on fait was 6 cents per bufticl ; they increased it to n cents ; on tea it was 10 cents per pound, they increafcd it to 12 cents. It was one cent per pound on sugar, they increafcd it to two. These duties they made perpetual, that is to fay, to continue until a majority of both houses of Congress, and the President, or two thirds of both houses agree to remove therm. The internal taxes, whatever might be their wipes j they did not venture until after they election of Mr. Jcfferfon to make perpetual Tb'ife taxes were temporary, and moft of them would have expired before ibis day , bad not the desire of the party to preserve the trappings of monarchy induced them to pass the law of the 2stbcf February , 1801, by which they were\ made perpetual ♦ ‘To fitisfy the public that the j design of the opposition in objecting to the j repeal of the internal taxes, was fo!dy to em- ; barrafs government, and not to relieve the i poor, who, while they use it with moderation, j arc as much comforted by spirits, as by tea or j fa gar ; it is proper to examine their condufl j while in power, a little more minutely. In- j stead cf leffiening the duties on these articles, j in the month of February, 1797, when they I had the benefit of the knowledge cf the ope- j ration of the duties for more than fix years, I thev increafcd them. Every member of-j Congreis from Connedicut, f including Gris- j wold and Dana) every member from New-j Hampftmre, and every member prefenc from] M iflachufetts (excepting Wm. Lyman) voted j in favor of tha r measure. At the fame feiTion | a law was paffied granting relief to distillers, \ Sy removing the duty from the amount of spirits, and fixing it on the opacity of thej ft 11. Everv niember from the states of Nev/-1 jH.imp (hire, Maftahufetts and Connecticut j voted in favour of this law’ These faAs ap pear from the Journals of Congreis. Here, people of New-England, is a ]uft view of your representatives, who would in duce you to believe that the government of the country was facrificing its interests at the {brine of Virginia’s ambition. It has been said that found policy required the application of these taxes to the difeharge of the national debt. To that it is answered —maintain the present economical cftablifh ment, the surplus funds arifing'from the re maining revenues will pay the debt as loon ss Congress have by law a right to pav it, and the exorbitant expense of collecting the excise will be avoided. k lias been said by oonofition, that these taxes arc repealed,and the duties on imported articles continued with a view to deftrov commerce. Let the commercial interest re- There is not an additional cent irn pofed on commerce. As the taxes ot the nation are leffienened, the ability of the people to pay is increafcd. Let it be re minded with what promptitude the trade of the Mediterranean was protected.- That government has completed a treaty with Great-B Tain, whereby our merchants are enabled to recover their loft proper:”, and continue in the enjoyment of commer cial enterprise—--above all, that government reiving lbtely on commerce for her reve nue (lands pledged bv interest, the strong est of all ties, to chcrUh mad support it. The removal of the interna! taxes, lo far from evincing hofei!iry to commerce, (ur nifties proof next to demonftrution, of a de terminat.on c>n the part of government to ; support if. j To dole die remarks on this subject it has | been said, the repeal of these taxes was de- I signed as a bloiv to the funds, and was a nr'rlude to extinguifhmg the national debt with a fpungc. Nothing can be more unfounded than this aspersion. The payments are made with punctuality. The government has by a law of this feftion appropriated 7,300,000 dollars an nually towards the difeharge of her debts, the funds in the market are worth 13 p<r cent more than they were during the laic administration. Docs the creditor’s confidence in his debtor increase in proportion to the debtor’s extravagance and dissipation ? Does a man’s living beyond lift income furnifn the be ft ...viv.in.v n r rr;niT' n e tn pa y hU debts ? Does a debtor forfeit all claims to confidence by uniting rigi i economy with a constant attention to business ? Congress have repealed the a 6l palled in February 1801, eftabiifhing fix new circuit courts, and limiting the labours of the judges of the supreme court to the holding of two fe ft 10ns in a year at the feat of government; and by another 261 have re medied the evils of the former system, by fpecifying the diftridls in which each judge of the supreme court should ho'd a circuit court, dilpenfing with one feftion of the supreme court ; by this they have effe6led an annual laving of gg } 000 dollars, and abolished fixtecn useless offices. This meafiire was ofjeTed to, both as unconstitutional & impolitic.—-As ro the con stitutionality of the measure, the diftindlion exists between the supreme and the fuhor dinate courts. The former is created by the con ft ituti on ; the latter, by, and fubjeft to, iegiftative diferetion. One may be ab ;o!iftied; the other cannot. The objection that this doflrine destroys the judical de partment, by engulphing it in the vortex of party is unfounded.—The judges are not fubjecl to the will of the executive, <>*• even the legislature. No new system is eftahlilhed. bv which anew corps of judges is created.—The administration of justice is entrusted, as it has heretofore been, to the judges of the supreme courq whofc in dependence has not been affiTcled, or ever controverted. The right, to create and abolish inferior courts has heretofore been acknowledged bv the Icgiflacures of New- Hamplhire, Massachusetts, Penuiy Ivania Maryland and Virginia, who have fimilari constitutions ; and no legiftature ever adopt el a contrary conftrufcion. As to the policy of the measure, the only questions are, whe ther the fix judges will be able to perform the service ; and whether an annual feiiion of the supreme court is fufficienc. To decide upon the ability of the judges ro perform the service, let U3 confider che labours of one judge—judge Cufhing, for infrance.—The law requires of him to hold annually, in conjunction with the diftrift judges cwo sessions of a circuir court in each of the ft ires of New-Hampftiire, Maf fichufetrs and Riiode-IQand.—-Ten days may fairly be computed the full length of a fef ft on. Tire courts will then require iixty Jays.—His travel in going to anJ returning’ from ch)fc courts cannot exceed 4SO miles,} which allowing one day for each 20 miles, I amounts to 21 du/s more. His rcfidcncc ‘ does not exceed 4SO miles diflance fiomche featof government.—-At the above iroderd a:e rate of travelling, there mu ft be added 48 days more, making the whole tirre while on expence and in public service, 153 days, or a little over five months, for which fervre he receives tnree thousand five hundred dol lars year : a left portion of time than hedevoteu tothepubh feivice v-hile 2 imige of the (late courts of Mast ichu'ert*. As to the fufEcicncy of an a: nu and lupremc court it cannot be doubted, nf.cn it is knowm that; for ten years that com decide I but forty three causes, and that - r its (..ft leffion dockets contifted of eighr only, three ol which were decided. j Adorning the fa<fb that there vull be neirhrrl a greater orlefs number of caules before the \ fupremeccot,m t, for ten years to come, than there was for the firft ten years after its esta blishment, arid there appears no rcafor ahle ground on which to calculate for an increase of business; iris eaiy tu feewh.it thecomparilbn was between the set vices to bi* rendered and the compensation made a/cor i-t ing ro the provisions efthe UftfeQionof Con- * grds. The fftaries allowed by lav to the judges of that couit amourc annually to % 1,5C0 dollars, of ecurle in years to 215,00 o dollars. The lalarics cf the clerks for tJ e fame time is 2.300 dollars. r lVt \ an,omit of (diaries fo** ren years 9.17 JO’ a the course of ten years, forty tltrciv^mi.■*, only weie decided ns appears 1 y the of Dallas. By this it is manifeft that unftejl the last federal judiciary system, wV, h vas repealed ar laid 1 effort of Congress, the peo ple of the United States would pay more tha; 4 1 five thoufnnd and fifty-three dollars for each I dccifion i)ocs that man exist who will lav ;!.xJ public money ftiould be thus Iquandered ?i ■ A jcvifion of the laws relating to r*acurf. ! ization has also taken place, dhe a 6l est! 1793 is repealed, and the former law revfifec, by which a residence o‘ five years entitles a,: foreigner of good condudl and reputation ; ta the rights of citizenllup. I ThetiV.iftice due to a Urge number of penpfti who emigrated under the faith of t#ifting li,vvJ| and the policy of opening the wildcrnefs arfl acquitting the arts and manufactures S Europe repaired this revijion. It is a revival of the IVajhington fyflcm . Congress continued to the officers rejidmm at the feat of government the thev mj+yed trader the act of eg. —7 hisfaK been the fubjeiTofmuch newspaper adXtWm it has been falfefy reprejented as an mentation of/alar ffij . A ’ The government has been charged with a departure from economical prinet hies and: those gentlemen who support the meafurei but oppo/ed the grant in 1799, have bee A charged with inconjijlercy . 7 h e p e chafgM will not be accredited,when it is known am the expence of living is conjidcrably the feat of government than at VhifaM phi a, fIH To prove this fact it is only neccJaemßm report to the alt of the late federalW/Kttj the lajl fejfion of congress . ‘ The all of 17.99 a:ertained as compensation of the clerks as of the s \ HH When the offices were removed to H ton , the inreafed expence of living nvowgl ed it tiecefjary to augment the coyntocnfalm \ -! of the clerks . They we re accordingly incmWß ed fifteen per cent, Ihe act allowin'? fhM fifteen pe:r cent, expired la ft zvi:it:r~mM was rev ved.—deers is the concurrent tm : ft! mony of both part ms uniting in this peW/k B jit ion, • / U there is a difference cf livin'? UU cover this difference of expenditure fhbjK H| riis of were eflalHihed for two hi fact there was not c member of portion w T contended the [alarlcs high. To facilitate the progrels of and p nvate an in ere ajm pen draws of the revenue of the p:>;i-:fice has been cut is wi fid both to r/:BB the m- re jafe and exp edit is s /; nr 7 tio 7 ;/ the mail, and to extend the beijeWtM of the edabhjhment to the 101 habit an rt tiding upon, or near ahnefi jixty nezt'lefta-U bliflsid pOji roads . It was propojed to re fl move the pofingi from new/papers. I /'H faryer of retarding the progrefi of A r >e maim H and destroying country prejjes fn the adoption of this measure. 7 his ftfcwwk is net a tax. it does not amount to arM fourth part of the monies expended in tbelmm conneyan: e by government. I Ft audition to these measures tb* so npen l fattens of tie of the revsvut kavWjj be so reduced. This bos effected as anm-m/L favng of about 17,000 dollars. Concluded’ iti our Km