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For the Cecrgia Republ'can.
To mv Conftituenti cf Chatham County .
CITIZENS !
I am compelled by the principle of ref- !
iponfibility you have attached to rr;e, to com
municate ro you a few prominent meafop'sof
the lad feiTion of the general aflembly of rhi:s
i date; particularly those rueafures which 1
originated, and those which I supported. I*
is r.cceflary that you fliouKl be put in pos
session of this information through the medi
um of your members, not by common report,
which is generally too vague and incorrect to
carry with it much weight or authority.
A bill for the more tffcftual prohibition o r
the negro-traffic, was introduced bv one of
my colleagues. It was a very efficient bill ;
and if the fa ft is accreditted, that the further
importation of (laves into our ft ate is inimical
to its bed intereds, those ii.terefis would have
been fufficiemly protested by the penalties of
the bill.
We have seen, that the former aft was a
mere nullity—that it wasevaded and violated
with moil wanton confidence in its inlufficien
cy—that it did nor, by the operation of any
legal energies, pi event the in porcation of a
single negro--Ti e bi• 1 was caniciib\ a large
majority in the house of reprefenuti'ves : but
was negatived in fenatc.
I am among those, citizens, who do think
the negro-trade now injurious to the country,
sod 1 give it as m> lerious belief, that at fume
future period, ‘perhaps not a very diffant
iee a developement of rhe effefts
of that trade in carnage and infurreftion.
Similar causes, citizens, will always produce
similar effefts—a difproponionate number of
llaves. has in all countries, recognizingvaiTal
lage, involved tendencies dangerous to the
peace, property and lives of the free hern —
Look for a demondratioi of this p. opofition
in the annals of antiquity—look to the pad,
and prelent condition cf those iiifatcd iflmds,
Sr. Domingo and Guadaloupe—Virginia has
also afforded you a convincing Icifon—Gabri
el, and his accomplices, had (own in that
flare the feeds of dilcord and rebellion ; and
but for opportune difeovery, and arreflation,
havoc—rui i—and confufion, would have
marked their inforrcftional progress.
Our Haves are fufficiemly numerous upon
calculation of interest or policy—every
new importation, external or intern il, brings
you nearer to the feenes of Sr. Domingo and
Guadaloup eis adding to the energies of a
florin which may one day burftits horrors over
your heads—or those who will live after you.
With these impressions on my mind, I flip
ported the bill for the more etfeftual j rohi-
T.tion of the H ive-traffic.
2. We have not frnce our federation from
the Bririfh monarchy, eflablifhed a fvilem of
jurisprudence; except in a few in-lances, (and
those too founded on local confiderationsp
every conroverfy between citizen and citizen
is determined by principles taken fiom Eng
liffi iavv-books. The Engliffi co ie may be a
good one for Britain, beecufe it is adapted to
the natme and principle of monarchy, but v
certainly militates agairift the ‘fundamental’
principles of federal democracy. In repub
lican governments, laws sh mid be tihderftood.
by every citizen—ls the Britilh code cf this
jjnaturtr? No—lt is too complicated—too ab
llraft —too voluminous for the licluie or com j
prehenficrof the million’. It is underfloor
only by men who devote their lives to the
legal piofefiion—the great body of the p*op;e
enter into litigations, and know not the nature
and principles of redrefs applied for in
courts of justice—Lawyers therefore, derive
their iupporc from public credulity.
It would be righteous to aboiifh the whole
-fabric of our borrowed foreign ‘jurifprudence,
and toeftablifli a fyllem, lli Oi L C**
the genius of our people, and odr govern
ments. A reformation of this complexion,
however, mull be the work of years, iy cauf
deep rooted prejudices andftififh intetellswiil
.have to be encountered by the (low but cer
tain operations of truth and reason. The
reformation mud he commenced, and wiii
•ultimately be afieftuated by an attack on
parts—ffiake the authority of a fundamental
title of Britilh 1 avs, and such is the intimate
conncftion between them, th at the whole will
fall in remote succession. My confidence,
my duty toward you and my country deter
mined me to aft in conformity to this cx
preHi on of my fentimems. Iga ve notice to
ihe House, that I would prepare a bill, to be
entitled An aft to reform the penal code of
this (late. 1 had taken my materials from
the bocks of European philolophers, and from
the system of Pennlylvania, and had adapt
ed them to the relations of this Hate—-I did
rot however, report a bill, becaule I difeover
cd no difpoikion in tl c Legiflaturc to make
coafiderable appropriations for any objeft,
and my bill would have dive (led (he treasury
of fome thou funds of dollars—l, therefore,
gave up the idea of an aft, and reported fom r
fclolutions, which contain in fubflar.ee th r
principles of the bill i should have introduce^
•—and which I hope, will produce good cf.
fefts from the patrioiihii ar.v* uuaianiiy oi -
future legiflaturc.
Our penal code evidently tends to the de
gndation of man—it affixes no value to his
life, and violates the nature and funds of
things in the fanguinanf confufion of irs pu
ni foments, and until exchanged for the mild
but more efficient system of labour and con
finement, will continue to stigmatize the be
nevolence and morality of the Hate.
1 Ilia 11 conclude this part of my communi
cation with subjoining . the penal resolu
tions, which palled the and irerent branches of
the government. I have vet much to address
co you, in rhe succeeding nun bers of this
paper —which, if it fnonld not intcrell you , it
will, neve, th clefs, gratify mv own feelings.
Th. U. P. Char! - on .
IN THE HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES.
Ta t r>day, No:emher 25, 1802.
WHEREAS there appears a great neceffi
ry for a total reform and alteration, of the cri
ninal laws cf this Hate, for the following rta
lbns :
Because, the principles of those laws are
predicated on a ground that there exists no
Material or important diftinftion, between
those crimes which operate to ‘the infringe
ment of private rights, and those which me
nace and endanger public luppinefsand fafe
ty: as for example ‘i Treason & Larceny, arc
both puniihfbie with death, which evidently
violates the* moral iemiments ofthe heart, and
tends todellroy the appropriate diftinftivends
and enormity of efrencts
2. Because, those laws are taken and bor
rowed from a iyileiT! of foreign jurisprudence,
which is repugnant to, & impugns the nature
and principle of the republican conftiturion of
this Hate, if that axiom in politics is correct,
that laws should not militate againfl the ea
rn re and principle of else government under
which they are en ifted. Befid.es, the laid
system of foreign jurisprudence sprung up and
originated in eras of feudal barbarilm, and
ignorance, when the life of man was litrleefti
mated : it is'thcrcforcafiyilem inconflftent with
••he manners of this poliffied age, and the im
proved pr n cip! es ofthe foe ial co 1 n past,
3 Became, the objefts of punifhmerits
are more effectually obtained by reparation,
hard labour, and solitary confinement, than by
severe, exc< Hive penalties \ as the
experiments . ‘ European tuitions, as well as
many of the American republics, particular
ly the enlightened commonwealth of'Penn
fylvania hid evinced, and whereas the re
lourcfsof this (Kite, and the prelVnt fuuation
of its finances, wiil not admit of an immedi
ate appropriat.on adequate to tiie erection
of Penitentiary Houles, and othereexpects,n cts,
that would result from a- total reror u of the
criminal laws. For the afo.elaid rejfuns and
confide rations, the re so re,
Be it Rejolved , Thar it is the opinion of this
Legifiatiire, that a reform of the penal code of
this Hate, is eminently expedient and neo-la
ry, and (hould be an carlv and primary ob
jeft at every ie fit on of the'Legiflaturc, until
the laid reform is eHefted.
Rescheti, That thhi Legislature do recom
mend a re for; r. of the penal code ot this (late,
upon the grounds of reparation, had labour &
(notary confinements being of opinion thatihe
objeftsofpunifnment may thereby beobcained.
Resolved, That this Legislature do rccom
mend, that estimates ot the disburlements,
that wou'ui probably attend, the building or
erection of Penitentiary Houses, together
with die rules and regulations that would be
required therefor to be laid before and iub-.
muted ro rhe next general afl’embly.
Resolved, That tilde refolucions be sent te
fenaue for concurrence.
SAVANNAH,
SATU R n A Y,
iS, 1302.
7’hc feds arc really out c>f matter,-
“ Jeffcrfo.u and Callender,” “ jeflerfon
and Paine, 99 &c. ccc. have been runp
upon till the changes are fairly through.
II tlie meeting ol congress does not
supply their empty eifterns, they will
bang themfclvcs from vexation.
“ I come not to deftxoy the law, but
to fulfil faicl the Javtour . One claule
ol that law fays, “ thou (hair not bear
falle witness againfl thy neighbour.”
The pretenders to ihriftianity who
dress up the arc requeued to’
perule the paragraph und r die Savan
nah head, in yesterday s paper,, and to
i ciieCc on the above quotations.
.-1 he Legiffetnre of south Carolina,
have chofon —— -Micharc!foil go
vernor ol the slate, and Pierce Butler
a senator ol the Ignited states*
ii and i.dd dial ‘die f rCiuL troop.. l.av(
evacuated st. Domingo, and have gone
to the i.land of Tortola, to wait rein
forcements.
It is not unworthy of enquiry what
are the present eiTefts of the Britilh
countervailing duties on our carrying
trade : and whether tiie present dukiefs
ol freight for American vefltls does
not in lome rr.cafure originate from that
wife provision of the (ayite treaty
which allowed no additions to our dif
enminating duties, but gave ii:i un
limited right to the countervailing
taxation of Great-Britain. hhe Ame
rican fliip owners no>v begin to exneri
ence the necessity of gen, Smith’s relb
lutions, so violently opposed by the fe
deralifts.
Thurjday the iO>tb December, 1302, being the
9 th anmverjary of the Savannah a’ ociat.on cf
Mechanics, the members mat at the house of Mr.
Bourjhas, and made ‘choice of Often s jor the en
suing year . Viz :
Thomas Begps, Trcfidcnt,
‘John IVm Shaffer. Vice- Pref dent,
J a mss Shaffer, Treasurer ,
James Epfinger, secretary.
William Mitchell , \S \ ,
A r . r stewards.
M>attue iv Ltpi n / er,
The AVcciation then ‘proceeded to the F ; liatun
and at 3 o'clock, fit divon to an elegant dinner
provided for the occasion \ the remainder of the
day was fpetit iu hat meny.
mm ■—
s^tv
f V J , 4 * T f T
H V. kSr X \*-s* N.
or. .
, M A R I N E LIST
E N T E R E D.
Ship PrcjeTcr , Rogers, New York
Brig Georgia packet, Rogers,
Tbits, J'jfcrfcn, Elliot, Jamaica
Sc hr. Matilda . Rcmingto, Mar finch
Slouf) Majors daughter, Peafe , St Marys
C Lj E A R ED.
Ship Superb, Ft am a: end, Liverpool
Brig Ann Adana, Copp, \\ew 7 ork
3 ig Neptune, Lot ham,
New York, Pi lor,
Sc hr. Jay flat Jo Wilmington /v C.
Schr. Hunter, Teas dal, St I.idtys.
Sloop Ruth, Phipps , —*
auciton; ‘ i
.* Gn Monday, the 20th'indanr, will be fold,
on the Wharf occupied by MeOrs. Ocunmifjg
and Harman.
6 Pipes real Cogniac Brandy-,
10 half'Pipcs rest Wine,
2 Boxes containing 94 p 6. Irifii linen,
2 ditto containing 56 1-4 ps. (riffi do.
Conditions o laic, notes payable at 60 and
90 days. Tne Tales to commence at n
o’clock.
Jofcph Arnold, Auctioneer.
Deccnbm 18, 1802.
T n fc a 1 u
BY THE MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK,
AThSN 7JiE Shop Sally
V - W
or Se Marys.
For Freight or pafiage Enqire of Samuel
Howard or ha ve N. Mefeve Mailer on board
at Hunter and Minis wharf.
-December 17,
jis 11 received and for laE.
BARRELS prime Beef and Pork,
do. Boston Beef, No. i bz 2,
do. Pilot and rriiddlihg'Bread.
Loaf Sugar ij Almond a, Share MouUb.
Superfine Flour, Kegs Butter ■,
5 Casks 1 ft 4k id Cheese.
Id yfun 2nd Souchong Tea.
Holland G:n, in pipes,
•French Brandy in do.
Claret Wine in boxes and casks.
Robert and John /Bolton.
December isl. 2w^ .
Laud for Sale.
TO be fold and immediate poflefilon gi
ven, 200 acres of land, old survey, ad
joining lands in diipute, between the Hon.
jacob Read oi south C.rroiina, and tiie Elon.
W llliam 6;uith oi Savannah, on tiie ITonteath
road, about 9 miles from savannah.* It is well
timbered, and must be an 00-ect to any per
!on wno hrs river plantations contiguous
thereto. A:k> a tract of 1000 acres excel
lent cotton land,in Columbia county, 10 miles
above Augusta, 100 acres of which is under
good iences andniight bt, planted to advan
tage next year : Alfa 150 crood oak and
hickory u\ Franklin county Angenaly, grant
ed to Col. Benjamin Fiffibourn, adjoining at
rhe time cf survey, lands of Richard Cali and
rhonoas Collier efqrs. The above lauds w ! ll
be dilpofed of before the hftday of February
nexL. Allperfons are cautioned agunft tref
pafling on the above lands.
December 18. MICHAEL BURKE,
Ml Cl ‘ /o
On Tuesday the 4th of January neV, v.. w , ►
fold, at the Court-house in this City, a
Lot , situated in the neighbourhood of sa\> .
nah, containing 45 acres. A full defcriormo
of the fame wiil be made knr>wn on rhe if ay cf
sale. At the fame time a:>d place, a *
A r cgro Fellow. Also, two Inr cts of Land, ; n
Liberty county —one containing %oo acres,th*
other 2<o, prime Cotton aik! Rice Land
Plats and Grants may be seen by application
to Joseph Arnold, Auft’r.
December 18, i3oi. (2;.}
vS . John die EvangeUT.
NO l ICE is hereby Riven that the &
ANNIVERSARY and general Con:-
mumcation V the mofi ancient and honorable So
ciety of FREE and ACCEPTED MASONd
in Georgia, {Savannah J will be balden on Mon
day the lUb in ft ant, at the long room iu the Fi
lature, where members of the grand lcd°e Cf
the refpetlive members are requejled to attend
precisely at the bcure cf nine o'clock, in the af
ternoon, for the purpose of celebrating the fejli
val, and a ] l transient brethren wijhing to par
ticipate, are requested to join feme cf the ledge*
in this ejty.
U if :chefs to be had cf brothers Samuel
Howard cud William Limbert.
Jchn J. Gray, Grand Sec’rv.
1 U bULL*,
OJ Monday the 14th d.'y o( February next, be
‘ ween the bouts ol to and 2 o’cl >ck, at
o JOHN WhSi-INB.MCFR, dec. i.
kflui ’bam cc unry, ail the persona! eitate of rhe (aid
deceased j confifling tf one negro,a horfe,(evyn head
of cattle, and a Hrt of black (niths took: Houle**
.old Furniture, See. Sec.
LI ai’ y u 1 ifenba kc r,
qualified executrix.
December 18, 1302, .
hS* NOTICE. “ 1
trim W U
Id IE fnbfcriher intending to be absent from f be
ftateibme hne, rec *■ 11s those who may have
-hums again;: him, to render them a? soon as jv>ssi
:de for pavment j and such ns are indeNi-d 10 him,
*re fol:cited to tiiiciiargc the 11 n*.
° 7. Tattnall, jun.
Bon avert are, Dec. iS, 1802. (zawim.)
‘ “John"'OUß Tin;
Horse-Doctor and Tarrier.
RESPECTFULLY inform the gentlemen
of Savannah and its vicinity, that he writ
hLed, physic, dock, nick and trim horses on the
moft red enable terms and floortefi notice. Those
wlo wil 1 fieafe favor him with their cuflcnicv-e
requested to call at Mrs . Fitzgeralds Just below
I tbs h iptift meeting tooltfe, where hs will wait on
them.
December i-8.
NoTTcE ~
public arc cautioned againfl raking
jE a Note cf hand given by John Werrioi,
ckjtiire, deceased, to joh 1 Lowry, fa r the lure,
of -twelve pounds nine fhsilings, die fame hav
ing been the 28th April, 1791 and a
receipt taken which aifo fta:es rhat the Note
waa then mifl ud, but when found would be
given up. i here are-other receipts for notes
ot hand fimilarlv situ ‘fed.
MICHAEL BURKE.
December 18.
Joseph Lev an,
INFORMS those indcbtsd so nim, that !Fs Bonks
and papers arc lodged win Robert and John Bol
ton, who are au uoiiled to receive payments, and
give Rece-pts.
December 18, 1802. / r ? 3 Bt.)
A7~BGUCHiFK, 1
Arc ml est Lj Alas er- Bn ilacr, from Paris.
T.aKio6 me liberty at informing the publick in
genera l , and the gentlemen o/the ci:y of Sa
o.iit.iah, in particular, r t ia* he thas-opened a ScHorm
at h:s house, in'Broughton-(bee?, where any prrfui
•cin us ot being inftrueted in tiie drawing and erect
ing Buildings in the Eurc.pean (hie, of civil and mo
dern Archiitfture, and the properties of the five
Orders, derwonlira;ed with every part relative to tht/f.r
-ranches ; bkewdc, ti.e manner of drawing and
(hading, wdl be diligently attec.deJ t>. “J’he terms
wiil be (■our dollars per month ; one pay vwl!
b required in advance ; hours of aUendance will be
nom 5 o chit:!; in thc-afternuou sinil 9. (Jentlemen
‘Vtiaing to be infiructed at other hours will be attended
to.
He refpeftfufy requefls those who ititend tn become
lubfc'ibcr-, fvi cone for tv a. and a> for.n s; pofilble, so
to enable him to procure rhe oecefLry implements.
He w lj also undertake the draw ing of aM plans and
viewr, whatever, to be done in the belt manner, and
on tbe mo(f real -'.able term*.
Sevan nah, December tB, HD
J cn Dollars Reward !
ft RA 1 ED from the fable of the fabferiber:,
O * n this city, two days ago, three bay HorlV.t
—two cf them are matched, with foxed ears .
and are well formed —Tie other is a band (erne
gelding ‘Upwards cf 1 Ffands high—-young aid
met t left me.—As these have teen lately
pur chafed, a particular dVcnpiiou cannot l *
given :—The above reward will be paid on de
livery of the hnries, to
Tho. U. P. Charlton, and
James P. Heath.
December g th, *BO2 (2 5*
TO LEI.
* A CONVENIENT onefio'y house fitting:
in. Ewensburg , with two geo brooms, and a bV. ,
i huh ysrd aid other accomodations Enquiry cf
Stephen Blount*