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i'rom THt National Intelligence. . . , A VINDACATIQN CF THE Measures of the Present Adminifiration, BY ALGKRON SIDNEY. <c Where Liberty is—there is my Country.” No. I. ( Concluded.) \Ve are now told that no credit is due the govern iTi-pt because the monies have been derived from the imports which were eltablilhed by former administra tions. What ? i* there no credit due to a govern ment that the finances of a nation with economy, frugality and found diferetion ? because 1 have furntlhed my, agent with a capital necetfary for life, is he not entitled to my c uvfidence for the integrity, prudence and judgement he has *.i (played in the management of my affair* ? Does riot ah© man justly challenge a higher claim to that confidence, •who faithfully appli-s the monies 1 have entrusted to him, than the ore who deviles the heft methods oi drawing my mon?y from my picket ? Or ij he ex clufivelv entitled to jt who has devifecT the means of takng from me the fruits of my own indnlfry ? h •* rrue that thole alone are fit to be eniTufled v ith the povernme nt, who unite to prudence at and dii xreiion in expenditut *J that knowledge oi the coun try and i*.s intercity, which may enable them, if itecellity requires to augment her revenues by ?d<li t onal taxes leait injurious to the people, and molt Congenial with their genius, condition and feelings.— Jt equally true that the prefcnr government has noc created any taxes. But it is not true that the opposition define any more credit for the creation oi the revenue system than belongs to the petfons .in office. That fyllem was contemplated by the old Longrefs under the confederal ion ; they -repeatedly folicitcd the (fates to veil them with to levy mny import. Ihe refufal of these (fates principally interested in importations, in a great mealure produ ced the necessity for a convention. The convention ealculated upon the impoils to lupport the govern ment they rocommended to the people. The rights *>f generul taxation were given that the powets of the government might he equal to every exigency.— When the federal government went into operation the present fyllem of import was adopted by genera! conlent; many of the officers ol government and friends of the* adminitli ation, were eminently ufeful in its eftablilhmeiit. Indeed one principal obje&ion against the late order of things was, that the late athniinitiation would not rely upon import alone for revenue, but infilled upon ellabhihing the (lamp tax, and a general fyllem of Internrl taxation) oppicffive to the interior, eatperifive in the extreme, and prodmftive of daily embatrafl m>nts. Os thole who poffefles a knowledge of public affairs, who is there that can deny these ladts ? From what source then does the opposition derive its pretentions ? Among various other obje&ions which have been offered againlt reduction of taxes, it has been (aid the people were naturally averse Id taxation and with difficulty brought to submit to mew contributions.— That these fyfteins were n operation, the people had become accultomed to them, rnd it was molt wife and prudent to retain them ; because they might be wanted at fotne future day. This obje&ion amounts to this: * You mull tax the people when you do not ■want their money, to be able to tax them when you do want it.’ In countries where the iron hand of despotism rules where the intejells of the sovereign are dillvntft from, and .opposed to, the intererts of the fiibjeft, where fear binds him to his mailer, it is undoubtedly necefi firv to keep fart the chains by which he is bound.— How dissimilar is our case ? If the revenues are wifely and jifdkioufly expended, the exigencies of the date are the exigencies ofthe people themselves. The government is theirs—its obje&s. their hap pirnfs—they mould and fafhion it to their liking, and there is no one to lay, 4 why do ye fo.* Can it be poifibl; that a reople f> circt niftanced will refule thole contributions, which their own security and h ippinels demand. Here again ier us test this objeft by experience. In the war of 1775, the people of these Hates contri buted with liberality to its support. T bey have Urug glfcd through and supported an arduous wav of eight year*. itti an unanimity unparalclled in the hiltory of nations. They have submitted quietly to the exifling taxes, and to all those which have been repealed, with the solitary excep>ion of 5 the difeontents which have been maniferted by three or four counties in Prn vfvlvanii. A pu t of these difeontents, pi obably wcyjld have been eaiily ajlaied, bad not the then secretary of the treasury believed them calculated to further his views. 1 boldly challenge the enemies of the government to produce front the artna-ls of'the workl a people who have mote uniformly yeielded a ready obedience to law, or more cheerfully contributed to the necelfi, ties of the Hate. Yet in every inltance when the government no longer w anted The taxes, the people were relieved from them. For my own part i ac'‘ knowledge 1 feel indignant when I refl-d ypon. the objedion 1 have combated. I pledge tn yfe ft volun tarily to contribute my proportion of whatever .the 1 necessities ol government may require, and 1 enter my lolemn proteif agiinll being taxed -cunccefiarUy for the purport; of Tilling me. A firmer secretary of the Treasury, and many trf his adherents, have advocated a principle, which if cor red, certainly proves the internal tax ought not to have been repealed. If is this : 4 that the people ought t- 1 he taxed as far as th'Y can pay,’ I diflent from ibis principle, it would produce a despotism. To tha r of it is elleatinlly 1 ecei fa'ry ; tor an independent yeomanry will never be Haves. While the foil is pWned and cultivated, bv the lame persons, liberty js lase. But once oppress the people with a fyllem of taxation which fficll bring theclais ofr.ipderate p’anters and farmers in arrear, although the deficit may be fm&ll, Hill eventually, it Wll produce the etFed. A confumptio a will prey upon the vitals ol the republic. The nation will be-„ come a body of landlords and tennbm* ; one clafsrich tlie other poor and dependent . or tr. other words one will become marten, and the other fiaves. To give heal li to the natural body, the Wood mull -flow w th regularity, and indue proportion toallits parts ; so. to give vigor and vital energy to the bo dv poll lie, the attention of government mu(l be -Jireft ed to all. The intererts of all murt be consulted. While iherich are protected, the itwerefts of the common cH’zens (ho;jH he carelully guarded, and’ tenderly watched over That inequality which thr nature of things is conrtantly producing ffiould be checked in its career, not foftered or accelerated in its progrels ; of consequence government Ihould le vv as few taxes as possible.; because in whatever mod? thev are levied- the body of the people murt pay a greater jHoporiiou of them, and they are not wealthy. The coaflanr prefTbre of Taxes vvil’ j*pvefs them. Look to the nation* who h a>e gone before us. I have read the papers of -Engl nd anvounikig to one-leven’h of her numbers, and supported by an an nual tex of nearly fourteen millions of dollars, a sum far exceeding the whole revenue of the United States; of (be property of the people of Scotland and Ireland, of their wretched support, their thatched roofs and cottages. I have read of the tf Russia and Poland ; of the beggars ofFortugal and her degrad ed pealantry, kneeling ro the contemptible Fid a iioe, and of the Lazaroni of Naples who dwell in he cuverns of the earth. I have read cf the peo ple of France driven to madnefis by the prdFure ol public burthens, and presenting an awful lesion to: rulers, of husbands proliituiing t eir wives, and fa thers their daughters, to procure the necrfiaries of life. And, as 1 read, the tear of pity rtvlr from my ; eye. 1 bdve frequently read of and (Tentions, rebelli ons anti civil wars which originated in and the mileries of the people. May heaven preserve us from fuen calamities ! But 1 have never read of a nation, who were ruined by enjoying the fruits ol ’heir induftrv. I have never heard of a peopfe who rebelled because they were rot taxed. To the oppo sition is due the credit of difeoverirg, that the go vernment had julllv torieited its claims to the confi dence of the people, by permi’ting them to -epplj ihrir own monies to their own ute. No, 11. Lartlv, we were told tire me a Cures adopted by the’ tirO fifiion of the I aft Corgrefs, were bur part o k a i\ Hern oi' general deftutetlon, and tfiat a federal fa bric would be undermined piece by piece until it tum bled into ruins. To reftre this calumny it is oniv necertary britfly tc (tate the proceedings of the lali ftftion. It commenced on the 6'th day of December J S'o2- A cpicram of the benate did not aj pear until tbe 14th and on the isth the Prtlidcnt s mefiage was tranl mitied io the two heufes. He infot med Gorigrels of the conditional repeal of the countervailing duties bv the Bririffi Parliament, ol the amicable fi ttlemem be: wen the United States and Georgia, refpe&ing the Yr-zoo lands of the extenhon of our territory in the Indian country by a cession of more than thr- e millions three hundred thousand acres of land, and an improvement.in our relations with the natives, of the cession of Louiftana to France, which he remark ed, might ‘ make a change in the alpeert o r our lorcjgii relations,’of the prolpetous ccndiiion of our finances and the payment of more th?n eight millions ordoi l.trs of the national debt. He called their attention to the neceffiry ot procuring Ibme (mail vcficls for the public service in the war wtth Tripoli; to the yt o priety of rftablifiring a Dry Dock at the feat of go. vernmenr. and to the neccflity of making provision by law lor the return of our I'eanren Irom o'her coun * tries. He recommended itto them to praftife every ufeful economy, and not to impose uniieceflarv bur thens to cultivate peace, maintain commerce, fefter the filheries, proteif the manufacture', preserve the public faith, to keep within the pale of the conilitu tion and cherifli the federal union What part of this meflage exhibits of a disposition to engage in the labours of a general tle„ llruflion ? What part of it is hostile to the federal na tion, to property, peace, quiet, or tiationai happi nefs ? Congress, so far from proving the exirtence of a wifli to render the public ellabliffiments insecure or precarious, or to hazard the property, peace, or pros perity, eiiher of individuals, or of the nation, is elfo infilled to high confidence. ‘ It has often been remarked by men of learning-, judgement and experience, that a nation has always more to f ear .from governing too much, than too lit tie, A valt difference exills between reformations which are called lor by the conditions afftd feelings of the people, and comport with tbe (late of tbe nation and the subversion of thofi? inrtiru’ions, which furnilh personal security, and tend to increase our prolperity.: For the lirrt we look with confidence to a wife iegis lature . The latter is only to be dreaded, where the legislative powers Thai! be (if everj intruded to fools or madmen. When the change took place in administration, it wasefftYled by the people, because they felt them fT.es aggtieved by the meafur.es of government.* Men were changed to produce a change in measures. Congress in the Winter 1801—2 repealed the offen. live laws ; and the a inir.ilfration of government was fliaped to tbe wiffies of the people. (7o be continued.) ■ 1 1 mm f■■ !■ mi—ll,Ml,r AUCTION. On Tuesday next the rjth instant, will le sold before my And ion Store, Market square, , hogftjeads rum, * .Pipes Port write, \ - • Bales cotton hasigft'g, v Bids. Philadelphia beer in good order, Boxes soap, J Ditto candles, - Ditto Anchovies cud Capers, Ditto coarse Hats, Barrels flour Windsor chairs, AquantityvfrH oufehold FURNITURE. Conditions— Cash.. , * , ALSO, A -complete Field Slave, est a Credit of Rxty days—a hole with approved inaorfer . Sale to commence at £ o o'clock , LEVY ABRAHAMS, AucV. “ May 16. -• • “ . - NOTICE. •* THE .SUBSCRIBER, HA ViNG ensagfd. with the Commissioners of the Ft)NBURY ACADEMY, to take eliarge oi the Boarding part of that iuflitufion, and to pro-, vide for the Tetchers, and such of the scholars as mat be boarded in the’ Academy, to cotrst.erce or the second Monday in July, at which time be will hr ready to receive them, is induced to give this public notice to foch as may wiffi to place cbiJdtPn there for education ; that to make the firuation of the fcho Ur s condor talkie and refpeCtable, will be a favorite )hjest wiri him, Bnd_-to give general latisfedion to their parents 2nd guardians .• Which he canbat flat ter himfelfihe will be able to accomplish, and he will he thankful for all favors, the terms for boarding will be mad- known oy applying to either of the Commiifioners, or WILLIAM MELL. r May I*6. 6s —Paviv GEORGIA REPUBLICAN. i -1 $ A V ANNA H, MOKDAY MORNING, May 16, 180?. The trncles of foreign intelligence, given this day, leave us Hill reason to fear that w*r is again to visit with its deftru<3ive horrors, the shores of Europe. One thing is certain, that the critical slate of Eu ropean politics, murt operate favorably for American interest , and render the million ot Mr. Munroe, at this juncture, peculiarly acceptable. W 7 e underrtand thar in the course of the ensuing year a litre of llages will be established from Rich niond to Vranklort in Kentucky, by which the mail will be carried. N* York paper. ,r —1 LEGISLATURE ok GEORGIA. FEATURES OF THE LAND BILL. The ceded Territory k to be divided into) three counties, to be called Wavne, Wilkinlon 1 and Baldwin. The county of Wavne is to be divided into three diftri&s, and the counties of Wylkinfon and Baldwin, into five diftrifls each- A surveyor to be appoinced to each diftrift, and the quality of the lots is to be Wayne county is to be divided 1 into tr; ds or lots of 490 acres each, and the others into tratfs of 2027 acres each. Small jflinds are referyed to the slate. The land thus surveyed, is to be dilpofed of on the -following principles : f( Sec. 8 And be it further enabled by the cuthcrity aforejaid* That the said land ihall be appropriated by lot in the manner follow ing to wit rafter thefurveying is completed nd the returns made to the Surveyor General, •his Excellency the Governor, fliali cause tickets to be made out whereby all .the numbers of in the different diff ri&s,fliali he re- which rickets Ihall be put into a box to cpnftitute prizej, with others to be * denominated blanks, of which blanks the number or amount fliali be determined, by fubtrailing .the number of prizes from the whole number of draws, to which the said lottery ihall be fubjedl upon the following principles ; that is to fay—Every free male white peribn Twenty one years of age and up wards, being a citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of this flatr, twelve months immediately preceding of thepaffage of this Adi, or paid a tax towards the support of go vernment (including such as may be abfenton lawful business fbailbe entitled to one draw : Every free white male person of like deferip tioh having a wife,legitimate child or children under twenty one years of age ihall be entitl ed to two and widows and orphans unoer the age ol twenty-one years, who have ; refi led twelve months in this date mmediately preceding the passage of this Adi, (hall receive among them the proportion to which they and their ancelior or husband would have been entitled to had he remained in life/* The following fedlion which dates the price of the land to the fortunate drawers, as palled the houfe.of Representatives, is as fol lows 1 “ Sec. ii. And be it further ena<Sed by the authority aforefaid, Hhat all persons againjl whefe names, lands may be drawn in pur juance cf this aft, lhall be entitled to receive grants , which Jhall be i (fued under the hand of his Excellency the Governor , and the Great Seal cf tbe State , on application of the fortunate drawers > e[peftively\ who shall have complied with the requations, of ibis aft, and being ap plicable to them, their refpeflive heirs or dewjeesi inveflmgin them,feefimple titles, to the particular jurveys of lands, drawn agai Jt their names ref peblively x fcr which grants, persons obtaining ike fame [fa all pay four dollars . per hundred * lores for river land , of the firft quality—two dollars per hundyed acres for river land.of the second quality —two dollar per hundred acres for upland, of tbe firft quality—one dollar per hun dred Mr es for upland, of the second equality— fifty cents per bundled acres for upland, of third duality, and iwt nty-five cents per hundred acres for pine land, out of which Jhall firft be paid the ‘fees to which the Survey or-General, Secretary of St ate, .and other officers are entitled by this ad, and the fur plus shall be deposited in the treasury , to reimburse she fate for the money which frail have been expended in making tbe surveys, and dividing ibe counties .and diJZnds. %9 \ , ‘ The part included in brackets was amend ed by the Senate in fubflance as follows: •Shall immediately pay eight dollars per hundred acres for river land of the firft quali ty, and for ether lands in proportion to their prices hereinafter stated, that is today, for ri ver land of the firft quality., one doilar per acre ; rivtr land of the second quality, fifty cents per acre ; opland of the firft quality, fifty cents per acre ; upland of the second quality, twenty five cents per acre; upland cf the 3d quality, twelve and a half cents per acre 4 and ali pine land, fitx and a- quarter cents per acre }to be.paid inlhree inftalment?, one third at tbe end of three years, one third at the end of four years, and the remaining third at the end of five y< ai<. ! ! Fo ments are not made, the land to rcvrrr ro 1 .c state, but at any time wirhin the five the whole may be paid at a time, anu a war rant obtained. The house of Representatives refilled their aflentto the amendment, and a committee o conference was appointed. Tbcrtiuk is nos known. TT r t Should the principle fixed by the House of Representatives prevail, we fear the conse quences to this state would be evil indeed. The river land of the firft quality is represent ed to be worth eight or ten dollars in acre on an average, ll it is thus rnadea faenfue, even in the mode of a Lottery, (in which ft is computed there will be near nine blanks to a prize) the property will be undervalued, ad-’ vantage taken ofthe ignorance or circ urn fian ces of the drawers, and the doors of specula tion thrown wide open. When such tempt ing acquisitions arc presented, it is difficult to retain the walk which ftri£t integrity dictates* ! While there appeareda geri€rxwft?,ifwc rr&f trust declarations, to close every avenue to monopoly and speculation, we conceive thar the measures taken, forgoing the claim cf atftual settlement, and leaving the lortunate drawers to conjetfture the value ol lands which coil them nothing, are as effectual for promoting speculation as any mode which couid have been devised. It was observed in debate, that the .himd being drawn in different parts of the state > and infmall portions, the objed of the spe culator would be cut fhorc. But let it be re membered, that there is not one tench of the ‘ fortunate drawers, who are acquainted with the value of the land, and that the (peculator would take care to be informed on this sub- ’ jed, as well as its situation. Two hundred acre trads are < s capable of bearing the ope ration of the fpeculacor, as thole of two thousand. It is incompatible with good policy to cif pofe of the lands in this manner. The funds of the state are not ample, her debts are un redeemed to considerable amount, and to throw property away, is, in that situation, arv error. It would be difficult ro reconcile it with the feelings of the nine tenths who draw blanks,but that they shall pay the taxes which might have been saved, had only a partial price been obtained for the land, These confiderat ; ons appear to have operated on the senate when they chose to affix a price to the lands which would inrich the treasury of the state and leave the prize a desirable acquifi* tion. To evidence this, we submit the fol lowing estimate, founded on the moft accu rate information we could obtain. 50,000 acres, best river land at io dolls. is 500,000 50,000 do. ad do. 7 dolls, 50 cts. 375,000 250,000 do. best upland 7 50 cts. 1875,000 250,000 do. 2d do. 4 1000,000 250,000 do. 3d do. 2 500, opo 400,000 do. pine land, 1 400,000 - -•- , 1 dolls. 4,650,000 This estimate may be thought to be above its real value, but it cannot be exccffive if representatives are correct. It is not suppos ed that the state should calculate on receiv ing this amount, but the value is estimated to the a&ual owner. Let us suppose ir too high by one third, dating the total value at 3,000,000, we shall then fee what avast ad vantage will be thrown into the hands of those. who obtain prizes. Dolls. Estimated value of ail the land, 3,000,00^ .50,©00 acres best river land, at I dollar is 50,000 •50,000 do. 2d. do. 50 cts. q 5 000 250,000 do. best upland at 50 cts. 125,000 2.50,000 do. ?d do 2s 62.500 250,000 do do 12 I*2 51,a50 400,000 do pise land, 614 25,0^0 318,750—31^750 Gain to tbe holders of prizes dolls. 2.581,250 Two millions, fix hundred 81 thoufand* two hundred and fifty thousand dollars,. When this fubjedl is considered, will it bjr accounted much Ihort of madness that the state shall derive no advantage fromfier pro perty ? It is computed that it will cost th* state about 2,50 cents a survey, in addi tion to what the house were willing to pari: with the lands for. We should have fup~ }>ofed the wickoednefs of the Yazoo and the execration in which it was held* would operate as a caution to future legis latu*- to throw away stare We do notaccufe any man of wanting in tegrity, btYt beside the willingness to conceal the value of the lands, we cannot think the*- bill displays an abundance of wisdom. in pro moting the good of the state. We think it would have been fully as wife and just to-- have railed the means of paying for those ex penses incurred by individuals on. the public account. We wish not to fee the aecuia tions of the friends of the Yazoo sale, juftifi ed ; we wish not to fee the faith of th£ ftatp: facrificed, and we fnall ever think it as pro per to pay honed debts as to givq prq*- perty wbii? the creditor ‘is. fuffering^