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<T|jc gculjjcrn Sltattjro. (?t (1 fii, Ltw4 and fhapcst P*pws ii tit Slat*!!! t::hms. : ~ only TWO DOLLARS A-YEAR, U II „ )Mttl in t'dt .wrr; olhertrinc, Three DoUvrr. . No , a ni>r will be discontinued (except at the option ' ,'t Yl:e editor) until »ll arrearages are pail. advertising. . ai ) T «rti»euients inserted nt. the arual r tcu. ,a, nt n'iv. rtisenuntB, when not marked, will he ail f„rt>ld, at One Dollar per equate of# lines . anil KiRy Cents per square for each sobse- Select ffltisccHaitj). , fir>l erti" ... \ lt''iT«l ileilnrtinn to yearly^ advertisers. Auuuuneemehts of candidates $5, in advance. ..-nlotusry notices excoodtng six lines in length J, rbarged ns advertisement*. business ani) professional Carbs. V X FliANKLIN HILL, Attor- \. Xht AT RAW ,.r Mm. x. w LAW, Athene, Oa Office over the »uYl_ t M. W YNG & COi, Dealers in HARDWARE, CROCKERY, CHINA, AND lil \>s, Bread Street, Athens. On. 4 tuens stea m com pan y Y it NICKERSON, Agent and Superintendent— jJ„„f,, tur.‘Ts of Circular Set? Mill*, Steam En- Order.—Never leavo things lying about a shawl bore, a pair of slippers there, and a bonnet somewhere else—frosting to a servant to set things to rights. No mat ter how many servants yon have, it is a miserable habit, and if its source is notin tho intellectual and moral character, it will inevitably terminate there. If yon have used the dipper, towel, tumbler, etc., put them back in their- places, and you will know where to find them when you want them again. Or if you set an example of carelessness, do not blame your sorvants for following ic. Children should betaught to put things back in their places as soon as they are old enough to use them; and if each, member of the family were to ob serve this simple rule, the house would never get much out of order, and a large amount of vexation and useless labor would be avoided. and Rn.tss Castisos, of every description. SMITHING, Repairing nnd Finishing promptly exe- Juti-1. Select jinttcrne of Iron Fencing. “ R LOMBARD, Dentist, Athens. Rooms in Brick building North of the Port Of- Sfr, Col'ege Avonue. , tf c. \ w.& H. H. J. LONG, Wholesale J, ami Kctuii DRUGGISTS, Athens, Go. D K. W M. KING, Homoeopathic PHYSICIAN, offers his professional services to therititene of Athens and vicinity. Residence, »t Mrs. Ciavt ‘U*s. Office, corner of Clayton and Thomas Sts. Mnv 1 o. I860. R tXM.RH. BBS. r. S1.0CCHB. HANDLER & SLOCUMB, Attor ney! at Law, Homer, Banks county, Georgia, will l.rsetire in the counties of Banks, Habersham, Frank lin, Jackion and Hall. Ail busiucss entrusted to them •ill receive prompt attention. MayS, 1S61 c ; Kapld Travelling—Twelve Uundred Miles In Nine Hours. Prof S.C.Lowe, the well known aeronaut, ascended at Cincinnati, Ohio, oil Saturday ^"'Forcing »nd Butiug PUMPS, Soaftiso and morning last, at 4 o’clock, and landed at in\,:nv; Mu ; i. l Gix and ail other kinds of «EAR- 10 o’clock, P, M.; the same day, in Union District, S. C. Ho arrived at Columbia Terms.fASH. pn Monday. The Carolinian says: He left Cincinnati on Saturday morn ing, at 4 o'clock, passed up tho valley of the Ohio river to Virginia, with the in tenlion of lauding near Petersburg, but after crossing the Ailcghanics, a current bore him South between this range and the Blue Ridge. A little before 1 oeloek, be came down near the line between North and South Carolina; but finding himself at too great a distance from any railroad, he ascended again, and next came down at Pea Ridge, in Union District, at 1 o’clock P. M., having thus travelled, by the course he pursued, about 1,200 miles in nine hours. This wo think, is the fastest time yet made. From Pea Ridge, Prof. Lowe was con veyed to Union ville, where ho remained un til yesterday morning, when lie came down to this eit£, with the intention of going on immediately to Washington, but on learning that thero was doubt of getting through, he changed his route, and will leave this morning for Louisville, Ky., where he has located his residence, via Augusta and Nashville. The balloon has a diameter of 43 feet, is 44 yards in circumference, 55 fe.t from tep to valve, and will hold 40,00) feet of gas. The result of this experimental trip goes to confirm the belief of Prof. L. the entire practicability of carrying out bis great enterprise, to which ho has do voted so much time and money, that U crossing the Atlantic in a balloon. Tnis lie will probably attempt during the coming summer. "P W. LUCAS, Wholesale nnd Re- 1 • toll Dealer* in DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE, 4e„ No. 2, Broad Street, Athens. H I, McCLESKEY, M.D., having \J • permanently located in Athens, will continue ihf practice of Medicine and Surgery. Residence, that areally oceupiod by Mr. Chaso—Office, at home, where It may t.c found. _____ ' “ U A. LOWR ANCE, Surgeon Den- • TIST, Athens, Gn. Office on CoIlegeAvenue, ,ocr the Jewelry store of Messrs. Teimndge A Winu. n GILLELAND, Dentist, Wat- • kinsville, Go., respectfully solicits the patron-- »gc of tho surrounding country. Full satisfaction will tw given in his profession. , tf_ T M. KENNEY, (next dooi’ to the jL j Bank of Athens,) constantly keeps on hand STA BLE ami FANCY DRY GOODS, and Choice Family tirocerics. cheap for cash, or to prompt customers. T Ml MATTHEWS, Attorney at tf a l.AW, Danielsvillc, Oa. May 1. fOHN H. CHRISTY, Plain and ♦ I Vaney BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, Broad St., Athetin. Ga. Office corner Broad and Wall streets, over the store of Sansom A Pittard. TAMES A. CARLT.ON, Dealer in Silk, Fancy and Staple DRY GOODS, Hardware tad Crockery, No. 3. Granite Row, Athena. T W. HANCOCK, Attorney at ♦I • I,A\V. Danielsvillc, Gn., will practice in Jack- ion, Clarke, Madison, Hart, OglethojqieandElbert. T W. REAVES & CO- FI • un nnd Retail Dealer", in EVIIAKDWJ Wholesale GROCERIES, DRY t.miBS, CROCKERY;HARDWARE, Ac. No. 15, under Vrauk'iip House. Broad street, Athens, Ga. T F. O’KELLEY, Photograph;tilid d • A MBROTYPE ARTIST. Rooms on Broad and Spring streets, over the store of John R. Matthews, ■MVns.Gtt. MarS-tf TAS. M. ROYAL, Harness-Maker, d I head of Wall street, nearly opposite the old State Ban!;) Athens. Ga., keeps always on hand a general as- wruuenl of it nicies in his line, and is always ready to fill orders in the best stylo. ■■ ■ . ’ ■ ^ | K. DAVIS, Land Broker, Collec- d a TOR and GENERAL AGENT. Augusta, Ga.— Uutiness attended to in any couuty of the Statu. Office corner of Jackson and Ellis streets. J T 1\ MASON & CO., Bookbinders, ^ • Paper Rulers eu«l Illsnk Book Manufacturers, Whitehall street, AtlaaUu Ua. J. II. Vnttnrr. A^nt, Athens, (in. ■ julyia-ly , \DISON BELL, Attorney at LAW. Homer, Banks County, Ga.—will prae- M i tire Courts of tbc'Western Circuit, All entrusted to his care will meet with prompt attdntioB. - Hi:ri:nrWKS : Hon. J. II. Lnmpkin, T. R. R. Cohh, K- l . Athens;t?V, J. H. Banks. Esq., tlainesvlllc. Ga. Forts and Fortresses.—A corres;»on dent Of tho Savannah Republican defines the distinction between forts and fort resses : . There is but one fortress in tho United States—fortress Monroe; all the other fortified places, defending our harbors, are called forts. The distinction betwixt these two terms, is very wide. All fortresses are forts, or fortified places; but all forts arj not fort resses. All colleges are schools; but. all schools arc not colloges. The relation of forts to fortresses, is that of minor to ma jor. A fort may be simply an advanced work, to protect the extended lines or walls of a fortress. Generally, fortresses are extensive enceintes, for the reception of garrisons, and built for the protection of cities. In the United States, no extensive fortified places, with large garrisous, have been constructed for the defence of cities. Fortifications in this country, have had reference, principally, to harbor defence. Fortress Monroe, with its capability fur a yarrison. vas constructed tor the defence of the important Navy Yard of Gosport and Norfolk, now in possession of Virginia or the Co dederate States. The ootu traction of tins extensive walls of a fortress involves the highest science of engineering. Not so with forts. The former implies polygons, bastions, curtains, glacis, covered ways, planks, scarps and counterscarps, ravelins, redans, redoubts, «nd tlie whole vocabulary of engineering science. Add to this, tho idea of a inte or circthnvalfation, to contain He whoso manhood was devoted to the service of his God, and who with faltering steps ascended to the pulpit stairs, with white bands placed over his laboring breast, loved “Old Hundred.” And though sometimes his lips only moved, away down in his heart, so soon to cease its throbs, the holy melody was sounding* The dear white’headed father, with his tremulous voice, how ho loved “_Gld Hundred.” Do you see him now, sitting in the venerable arir.-chaiP,,his hands crossed over the top of his cane, his silvery locks floating off from his hollow temples, and a tear, perchance, stealing down his furrowed cheek, as the noble strains ring ont ? Do you hear that thin, quivering, falter- ng sound now bursting forth, now listened for almost in vain? If you <fohot, we do; and from such-lips, hallowed by fourscore years service in the Master’s cause, “Old Hundred” sounds indeed a sacred melody. You may fill your churches with choirs, with Sabbath prima donnas, whoso daring notes emulate the steeple, and cost almost as much, but give us the spirit-stirring tones of “Old Hundred,” sung by young and old together. Martyrs have hallowed it—it has gone up from the dying beds of the saints. Theold churches, where genera tions have worshipped, and where many of the dear dead have been carried and laid before tho altar where they gave them selves to God, seems to breathe of “Old Hunded” from vestibnle to tower-top—the very air is haunted with the spirit. Think for a moment of the assembled company who have, at different times and in different places, joined in the familiar tune! Throng upon throng—the stem, the timid, the gentle, the brave, the beau tiful—their rapt faces all beaming with the inspiration of their heavenly sounds. “Old Hundred!” King of the sacred band of ancient airs! Never shall our ears grow weary of singing thee! And when we get to Heaven, who knows but whrtt the first triumphant strain that welcomes us may be—“Be Thou, O God, exalted high!” ...A very susceptible bachelor passing along the street lately, and observing a silver thimble picked it up. After stand ing a moment in mute meditation on tho probable owner, ho reverently pressed it to his lips and said : “Oh, that this were the lips of the di vine, angelical wearer, and the golden chords of li ve wou'd ev t encircle our hearts as this beautiful implement of in dustry enclosed the fair hand of the own er! and—and”—here lie fetched a deep sigh for by-gone days, mittens, and such like kind of things, when a voice from a'n upper window ai-rested his angelic reverie: “Say boss, jis please frow dat ’ere fimblc in de entry; I jis drop it!” cried a huge, ugly, fat, she-nigger. Shades of departed rose-buds and beau ties! He dropped the implement like a hot potato and beat a double quick march instanter! gun had not exploded; that he never de sired this service, and was pressed into' it under the threats of death; that tho peo ple of Baltimore did right; and that the rest of the troops deserved his fate.” At the moment of death he again repeated his protest against this unholy war upon brethren and said he justified the people of Baltimore mod that he and his comrades had been led to believe that the people of Baltimore thought exactly upon political subjects as the people of Massachusetts did. — ——- ■; : r T " • : — < I deed, the fuse should not be extinguished John.Tyler, Wra. Ballard Preston, Sam’l. HARDWARE aad CUTLERY, oorncr of llroa.1 Wall streets, Athens, G% , ; * t f {MINER, ENGLAND & FRKE- A MAN. Wbaleaale and Retail Dealers in GROCE- Hits, i iUY (iuoDS, HARDWARE, SHOES A BOOTS, Bt..:i.| direct, Athens, Oa. vK . Vn Vitality in Horses. Some experiments Lave, recenly been made in France‘bjr persons skilled in tho veterinary art, with a view of ascertaining how long horses may live without food iii certain contingencies, as, tor example, being shut up in beseiged places. The following results have been noted : A horse may live for twenty-five days without solid food, and merely drinking water. He may live seventeen days with out eating or drinking, lie can live only five days when consuming solid food, with out drinking. After taking solid aliment for the space of ten days, but with an in sufficient quantity of drink, the stomach is worn out. The above facts show the importance of water in the sustenanco o. the horse, and the desire the animal must, feel to bo supplied with it. A horse which had been deprived of water for three days, drank cloven gallons in the space of three minutes. A Pyramid of Snakes. A traveller in South America writes: In the savannahs of iEtienba, in Guiana, 1 saw the most terrible spectacle that can be seen • and although it is n »t uncommon to the inhabitants, no traveller lias ever mention ed it. We wereten men on horseback, two of whom took the load, in order to sound the passage, while I preferred to skirt the great forest. One of the blacks who form ed the vanguard returned at full gallop, and called to me, “lldTo, sir; conic and see the serpents in a pile.” He pointed out to me something elevated in the middle of tho savannah or swamp which looked like a bundle ot arms. One of my compa ny then said, “ This is certainly one of the assemblages of serpents which heap them selves on each other after a violent tem pest. I have heard of these, but have ne ver seen any; let us proceed cautiously, and not go too near.” We were within twenty paces of it; the terror of our horses prevented our nearer approach, to which none of us were inclined. On a sudden the pyramid mass became agitated; horri ble hissings issued from it. Thousands of serpents rolled spirally on each other, shot forth out of their circle their hideous heads, and presented their enormous darts and fiery eyes to us. I own I was one of the first to draw back; but when I saw this formidable phalanx still at its post, and appearing to be more disposed to defend itself than to attack us, 1 rode around in order to view its order ot battle which faced the enemy on every side. 1 then sought what could bo the design of this nu merous assemblage and I concluded that this species of serpents dreaded some ene my, which might be the great serpent or cayman ; and that they united themselves after seeing this enemy, in order to resist in a mass. Belong. Melons, squashes and cucumbers all need the same general treatment, and require the same soil, which, if possible, should be a rich, deep loam, and the situation for them in the garden should by a sheltered one. On some sods melons attain a larger growth—as upou the warm, sandy soils of New Jersey—than farther north, but all may, without a great amount of trouble, raise their own water and muskmelons at less expense than they can be purchased. Melons cannot be planted until all risk of frost is past; consequently tbeir period of growth is short. To hasten this the soil must be rich and warm, and aft er tlie melons are planted, a box six inches high, and a foot or eighteen inches square placed over the hill, upon which put a frame of glass, or gaiwo covering. This acts as a protec tion from cold, and also helps to keep off the striped bug, that enemy to all growing vines. If these boxes cannot be procured, a single square of large sized window glass placed upon blocks five or six inches from the ground will answer the purpose. Iu order to hasten the maturing of mel ons, leading running vines should be nip pod oft' as soon as they have put out three or four leaves, and when the bearing shoots have attained the same growth, treat them in a like manner. There wilt then be no superfluity of runnel’s, and the size and quality of the fruit will be greatly improved. and the shell explode. About eleven miles above Fort Fulaski, and three miles J>elow.Savannah, on the South bank of the river, is a smaller forti fication—Fort Jackson, named in honor of Governor James Jackson, It cost, in its construction, the sum of eighty* thousand dollars ; and its armament, when complete, consists of seventy men and fourteen guns. There are several islands, commanding the channel of the river, upon which, doubt less. batteries could be erected, if necessary, but it is extremely doubtful whether auy warlike vessel could escape the frowning battlements of Port Pulaski, or the fatal missiles of Fort Jackson. Those fortifications have recently boen strengthened by the addition of a number ofCoiumbiads and other heavy guns,order ed for the purpose by r Gov. Brown. The present force in and about Savannah, as we learn from the Republican, of that city, consists of about six hundred regulars, while tho volunteer companies number j some one thousand six hundred men. This I force will shortly be augmented by a regi- mentof Georgia volunteers, which has been ordered to that point. The whole, we be lieve, is under command of Gen. Lawton, who is said to be eminently qualified for this important position. Should it become necessary, it is confi dently believed Fiat fivo thousand men could be concentrated at Savannah at twen ty-four honrs notice. The spirit of t he peo ple is full.v aroused, and if the attempt is made by the Lincoln Administration to re take any of the forts and arsenals in this vicinity*, the effort will be as futile as that to hold Fort Sumter. WAB MATTERS. The. Virginia Ordinance of Secession—Or dinance Adopting the Provisional Consti tution—Convention between the Commis sioners of Virginia and Mr. Stephens, Commissioner of the Con federate States— Seward's Letter to Gov. Hicks—Test Laths and Proscriptions—Release of Seized. Fes- sels— Volunteers Coming in Too Fast— Proclamation of Gov. Pickens, and his Letter of Thanks for the Rifled Cannon. Ordinance Adopting the. Provisional Consti tution. Whereas, the Convention of this Com monwealth has, on this the 25th day of April, 1861. adopted an ordinance “for the adoption of the Constitution of the Provi sional Government of the Confederate States of America;” nnd has agreed to a “ Convention between the Commonwealth of Virginia nnd the Confederated States of America,” which it is proper should be made known to the people of this Com monwealth and to the world : Therefore, I, John Letcher, Governor of the Com monwealth of Virginia, do hereby* publish and proclaim that tho following are au thentic copies of the Ordinance and Con vention aforesaid. [L.S .] Given under my hand as Govern or and under the seal of the Common wealth, at Richmond, this 25th day of April, 1861, and in the 85th vear of the Commonwealth. JOHN LETCHER. By* the Governor: George W. Munford, Secretary* of the Commonwealth. Commis sioners for Virgin- McD. Moore, James P. Holcombe, James C. Bruee, and Lewis E. Harvie, parties du ly* authorized to act in like manner for said Common wealth of Virginia—the whole subject to tlie approval and ratifica tion of the proper authorities of both Go vernments respectively. In ttestimony* whereof, the parlies aforesaid have hereto sot their hands and seals, the day and year aforesaid, and at ihe place aforesaid—in duplicate originals. ALE’R H. STEPHENS, [SoaL] Commissioner for Confederate State*. WM. BALLARD, PRESTON, [Seai.l) JOHN TYLER, [Seal.] I S. McD. MOORE. [So»l.J I JAMES HOLCOMBE,. [Soal.J JAMES C. BRUCE, [Seal.] LEWIS B. HARVIE, [Seal.]. Approved and ratified bv the Conven tion of Virginia, on the 25th*of April, 1861. JOHN J ANNE Y, President. John L. Eubanks, Sec’y. Schedule. Annexed to the Ordinance of Secession is the schedule alluded to in Gov. Letch er’s proclamation, which suspends and pro hibits the election of members of tho Uni ted States Congress on tho fourth Thurs day in May, as the statutes of the State require; and, in lieu thereof, an election shall be held on the same day, and in the same manucr as other elections, for voting on the Ordinance of Secession. The poll- books are to have two columns; one to be headed, “For Ratification,” and the other, “ For Rejection,” under which respective heads, the names of every voter shall be recorded. VlCllOLSON, Reaves & Wynn, a Wlnili.xiile anti Kdail Dculcru in STAPLE and I'ANTY GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE, Crock- ifiiit'Iii** new Bifck Store, comcF Brut go amt Bniad ^ J«rgc garrison of troops, and. * fortress ■'' IC "-! 4~ rises to its proportionate majesty. V. 1 >ATMAN &SUMMRY/Dealersm . B ~».: ' ‘ 1 11 audware aad cutlery, comer <* Broa.1 hur.day a uaj or Baltic, _, The great battle of Barnett was fought on Easter Sunday*, April 14, 1471. Tht battel of Val,;or Laffeld, near Mnestricht, was fought on Sunday, the 2d of July, 1747. The Peninsula war is fruitful in Sunday fighting. The second' battle in . t „ Portiisrul. tliat in Vinners, was fought on' SHOE-MAKER, uroa.1 atreet, Athena, om, .* j} l8t August. 18)3. Tlie battfo Of Fuefiles d’Onor was gained on Sunday, 5th May, 1811. On Sunday* evening 16tli January, 1812, Lord Wellington issued the brief but dutermined order that “Cin- P | BARRY, Fashionable Btipt and alway* in rra liauM t* fill erder* iu hi* line. XIOPE BAB ROW, Attorney at Law, A Athena. G*. Office ever White’s Boofcrtore. T BISHOP & SON. Wholesale and •I • Retail Dealers in < ROCKRTES, HARDWAR'E { ^STAPLE DRY qOOD i, N<».l, Broad »t-. Athens T W. WALKE% Attorney at Law, *• Athens, Ga. Office over the new Jewelry Store -!'!•!>. M.vndevillc, Druid street. . TALMADGIv&TARK & HKINS, Driers iu Clock* Jewelry, Gun*, P»*- . Fine ru:» cry , Musical Instruments, Sheet Afasfo r ° r '»or ul C ollege Avenue and Clarion st., Athens, V ( ' U Y L E R, Resident Dentist; AH^«. <1. ->«.■<. B«»«A street; cull—SI* door tn Insi nranee FehfJ-tf dad Rodrigo must be carried by assault this evening at soven o'clock.” The baL tie of February, 1814; and of Toulouse— the last general action of the Peninsula war-occurred 6n Easter Sunday, tho lUth of April following. The battle of Water loo was also decided on Sunday*, the I8th June, 1815. The second Burmose war'nf forded two c 11th of April, l»»J, tneaiiacK on mo lines of defence at Rangoon; and the attack and capture of Pegu, on Sunday, the 21st No- venibor, 1852. The victory of Inkermari Affliction. •A merchunt was one day* returning from market. He was on horseback, and be hind him was a valise filled with money*. Tlie ruin fell, with violence, aud the good old man was wot to the skin. At this ho was vexed, and murmured because God had given him such bad weather for his journey. Ho soon reached the borders of a thick forest. What was nis terror on beholding, on one side of the road, a robber with level gun, aimiogat him, aud attempt ing to tire. But tl»« . powder being wet by tlie rain, tlie gun did not go off, and the merchant, giving spirits to his horse, fortunately had time to escape. As soon as ho found himself safe, ho said to him self,—“ How wrong was I not to endure tlie rair. patiently, us sent by Providence ! If the weather had been dry* and fair,- I should not, probably, have been alive at this time, find my little children would in huvo expected my-return in vain. The rain which caused mo to murmur came at a. fortunate .moment to save my life and preserve my property*.” It is thus with U multitude of our afflictions—by causing us short and slight sufferings, they pre serve us from others far greater and of longer duration: Aaoea ■ . . AIIV pvvv/>*'« xsmiimwv a.**. — - , xamplcs—Easier Suuday, the. watnttwcw*--. , 1852, the attack on the lines “*** witnessed the pro; r\t r TumiJU ' » .. wfts achieved on Sunday, the 5th Novem M- L. MAHLER, Attorney tttj. „ 2^5^ And to crown the whole, it s on Sunday, the lOtli May, 1857, that ’ LAW. Jeffl-raon, Jackson Bounty, Ga. v •ai'EnsjiCES.-^-J.'M. McLorter and W. S. Thompson, I l*-i •leffvrron; I». W. Spenee aoJT. M. Peeples, K*<r ^Writi.; John It. Newton and J. H. Christy, Wm. g7 DE LOW; Attorney .'it 1 ’ ’ LAW, Atheas, 6a., wUlattod proinptlj w aH !r V Uru,tod *• h ' u ’ W* Br<wd MU * e '• ”• Kennay'i stose. tf w M. PII ILlPS,AttotB^*-ai^-Jiw, , fl . n , Marietta, Ga., will Xfirt Loan *t Manats*. . the counties Fulton, of the and in tho U. S.* tf. “01(1 Hundred. Can you find a tomb iu the land where settled lips are, that have not sang tluit tunc ? ''If they were gray haired old men, they had heard or sung Old Hundred The following incidents of tho 4 tight in Baltimore, on Frid ay lastjare reported by the “ Exchange,” of that city : .When the young man Ward was shot, he was Standing, with 6thers of his ac- ■ A ** % one. o, d mark- inn wlio tired the shot, he drew his revolver, and taking deadly* aim, fired. The soldier foil to the ‘earth, and would have been torn to pieces had tlie police not interli i oil. Being carried iu a store dy, lie was surrounded by several evident. that JdLCOPQt* 1 - * v 4 — ** •* ' fl » ,iT * of death, he exclaimed “ I have got tvhut I deserved; I left a peaceful and happy any one had supposed, home to come and invade the land of iny brother.” These were tho last audible words lie uttered. ; * - •**-•*"» ’■ ” Ft _ ^ A resident of this city was forced by the Sfone^Thdw^t have joined with tho «imL-1 rush ,-f the cruwdia^ otoseHBWMHiiHty 4iT ’ n where it ha-, and with- ; one of the soldiersO* s ■ i ii ii d eel outlie sac- j and taking deliberate aim pulled the'trig r...I-fir 1 The dear little cbildron, looking, ger.* The cap exploded, but the gun failed . - . . - , ‘ ' - —I.- — -A* 'iu... rushed forwanl, bank. If a bed had been artistically ]>re- eyes on this strange) to go off'. The citizen have lisped it. The sweet young jand seizing tlie musket, plunged-the bayo- vbose tombstone told of sixteen sum- net almost entirely through bis body. • whoso pare and innocent face! Tbe-sddier who was nu Irishman, fell with its mild beauty, loved to the ground, and was carried to the side- cd ’’ and as she sung it, closed! walk, where lie called those around him to 1 seemed coinmuniiig with the bear witness “ that he thanked his God, who were so soon to calm her. [although lie was dying himself, that his From tho Au*ujtn Constitutionalist. Savannah aud its Defences. The city is situated on the South-east bank of the Savannah river, on a high bluff, forty* feet above low water mark, twelve miles in a direct lino from tlie ocean, and eighteen miles by tlie course of the river. Vessels of about fourteen feet draught can come up to the wharves, aud those of larger size to Five FatlnJfu Hole, three miles be low the city. On Tybeo Island, at the mouth of the river, on the South side, is the light house, a structure about eighty feet iu height.— The light is, wo believe, a fixed one. About fourteen miles from the city is Fort Pulaski, situated on Cockspur Island. The site was selected by Major Babcock, of the Unite! States Engineer Corps, about forty years ago, but it was.not until 1831 that the work was commenced in earnest. Iu that year Capt- Mansfield, of tlie United States Engineer Corps, took charge of its erection. The entire work, lias cost the sum ot ninehuodred and twenty-three thou sand dollars. Its armament, when com plete, consists pf eight hundred mun and one hundred and fifty* guus. 011 the 3d day* of Jauuary, 1861, it was taken possession of by the citizens of Sa- vauuaii, acting under orders from Gov. Brown. The fort, at that time, was out of repair, but by the indefatigable, exertions •if the gallant citizen soldiers who have since manned it, aud under tho direction of -experienced military* commanders, it is now in a pretty thorough state of defense. The Savannah Morning News, of Janua ry 7th, says: “ If any uneasiness has been felt by ap portion of our community as to tho capaci ty of our troops to hold Fort Pulaski, with out serious difficulty* or danger, it may now be dismissed. Whether an eye bo hud to tlie character of the fort, or of the men who garrison it, or of the arnis placed at Ihiefir disposal; persons somewhat experi enced in such matters pronounce it to be rib tv impregnable. “ As against assault from the water, it is defended by an ample number of thirty- two pounders, much better mounted, and in a much higher state of efficiency than. Hot Simply the casemates, but the quarters at present oc cupied by the officers and privates, are bomb-proof—the arched ceilings, thirteen feet iu thickness, are covered with a stiff dark sod. The open area within the Fort is not paved; the earth is covered with a yielding sod, formed by grass and mud thrown upon what was originally a sand AN ORDINANCE For the Adoption of the Constitution of the Provisional Government of the Confede rate States of America. We; the delegates of tho People of Vir ginia, in Convention assembled, solemnly impressed by* tlie perils which surround the Commonwealth, and appealing to the Searcher of hearts for the rectitude of our intentions in assuming tho grave respon sibility* of this act, do, by this Ordinance, adopt and ratify the Constitution of the Provisional Government of the Confede rate States of America, ordained and es tablished at Montgomery, Alabama, on the eight day* of February, eighteen hundred and sixtv-one; provided that this Ordi nance slmll cease to have any legal opera tion or effect, if the people of this Com monwealth, upon the vote directed to bo taken on the Ordinance of Secession pass ed by this Convention, on the 17th day of April, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, shall reject the same. A true copy. JNO. L. EUBANKS, Secretary. pared for the purpose of receiving, captur ing, and utterly demoralizing a slieil, it could not have been better devised. A shell falling upon it must be buried in the sand beneath, from two to eight feet, and by the invention between the Commonwealth of Vir ginia and the Confederate State:) of Ameri ca. The Commonwealth of Virginia, looking to a speedy* union of said Commonwealth and the other slave States with the Con federate Stales of America, according to tlie provisions of the Constitution for the Provisional Government of said States, enters into the following temporary con vention and agreement with said States, for the purpose of mooting pressing exi gencies affecting the common rights, interests and safety of said Commonwealth and said Confederacy, 1st. Until the union of said Common wealth with said Confederacy shall be per fected, and said Commonwealth shall be come a member of said Confederacy, ac cording to the Constitutions of both pow ers, the whole military operations, offen sive and defensive, of said Commonwealth in the impending conflict with the United States, shall be under the chief con h oi aud direction of the President of said Confede rate Statius, upon the same principles, basis and footing as if said Commonwealth were now, and during the interval, a member of said. Confederacy. 2d. The Commonwealth of Virginia will, after the consummation of the Union con templated in this Convention, and her adop tion of the Constitution for a permanent Government of the said Confederate States, and »he shall, becomo a member of said Confederacy under said permanent Consti tution, if the same occur, turn over the said Confederate States all the public property, naval stores, mid munitions of war, &c., she may then be in possession of, ac quired from the United States, on the same terms and in like manner as the other States of said Confederacy, have done iu tike cases. 3d. Whatever expenditures of money, if any, said Commonwealth of Virginia shall make before the Union, under the Provi- w ' s ‘ as above contemplated, '. shall be met and pro- States. into and sod above will be stripped of the power authorized CominisMonei even of throwing sand into the eyes, if, in- Message of the President. To the Special Session of the Congress Con vened at Montgomery, April 2.0th, 1861. Gentlemen of the Congress: It is my pleasing duty to announce to y*ou that the Constitution framed for tlie establishment of a permanent government for the Confederate States has been rati fied by* Conventions in each of those Stutes to which it was referred. To inaugurate the government in its full proportions and upon its own substantial basis of the popu lar will, it only remains that elections should be bold for.the designation of the officers to administer it. There is every reason to believe that at no distant day*, other States identified in political principles and community of in terests with those which you represent will join this Confederacy*; giving to its typi cal constellation increased splendor—to its government of free, equal and sovereign States a wider sphere of usefulness—and to the friends of constitutional liberty a greater security for itB harmonious and per petual existence. It was not, however, for the purpose of making this announcement that 1 have deemed it ray* duty to convoke y ou at an earlier day than that fixed by yourselves for your meeting. The declaration of war made against this Confederacy by Abraham Lincoln, the President of the UnitodStatcs, in bis proclamation issued on the fifteenth day of tlie preseut month, rendered it ne cessary, iu my judgment, that you should convene at tho earliest practicable moment, to devise the measures necessary for the defence of the country. The occasion is iudeed an extraordinary one. It justifies me in a brief review of the relations heretofore existing between us aud the States which now unite in war fare against us, and in a succinct statement of the events which have resulted in this warfare: to the end that mankind may pass intelligent and impartial judgment on its motives and objects. During the war waged against Great Britain by her colonies ou this continent, a common danger impelled them to a close alliance, and to the formation of a Confeda- ration, by the terms of which the colonies, styling themselves States, entered “ seve rally into a firm league of friendship witli each other for their common defence, the security of tlteir liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade or any other pretense whatever.” Iu order to guard against any miscon struction of their compact, the several States mado explicit declaration, iu a distinct ar ticle, that “ each State retains its sovereign ty*, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Cougress assem bled.” . Under this contract of alliance, the war of the revolution was successfully waged, and resulted in the treaty of peace with GreatBritain in 1783, by the terms of which the several States were, each by name, re cognized to be independent. The articles of confederation contained a clause whereby all alterations were pro hibited, unless confirmed by* the Legisla tures of every State, after being agreed to by the Congress; and in obedience to this provision under-the resolution of Congress of the 21st February, 1.787, the several States appoiuted delegates who attended a convention “ for the sole and express pur pose of revising the articles, of confedera tion, and reporting to Congress and the several Legislatures, such alterations and provisions therein as shall wheu agreed to in Congress, and confirmed by the States, render tlie Federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of government and the preservation of the Union.” It was, by the delegates chosen, by* the several States, under tlie resolution just quotod, that tho Constitution of the U nit- ed States was framed in 1.787, and submit- tej tn the several States for ratification, as shown by the 7th article, which is in these words: “ The ratification of the Convention of nine States shall be sufficient fur the estab lishment of this Constitution between the States, so ratifying the same,” -s. v I have italicised certain words in the quotations just made, lor the purpose of attracting attention to the singular and marked caqtion with which the States en deavored, in every possible form, to exclude the idea that the separate apd independent shvcrb'gnty of each Slate was mtrged into brie common goveruriierit pud riatjon; and ■ Tins agreed to, in on 1861, by tor for tho said April, tho duly tho mat- ami the earnest desire they e oil the Constitution its tr of a compact bet ’ onstitiUii ever, omitted t from the artief provided iff retained i ts so ver some alarm was feTt in tho States wlio.i in vitod to ratify the Constitution. omission should be construed into an aban- « donuient of their cherished principle, ard they refused to bo satisfied until amend ments were added to the Constitution, plac ing beyond any* pretense of doubt, the re servation by* the States,.of all their sove reign rightsnnd powers—not expressly*del egated to the United States by the Con stitution. Strange indeed must it appear to the im partial observer, but it is none the less true that all these carefully worded clauses, proved unavailing to prevent tne rise and growth in the Northern States of a politi cal school which has persistently claimed that the government thus formed was not a compact betiveen States, but was in effect a national government, set up above and over the States. An organization, created by tho States to secure the blessings of li berty and independence against foreign aggression, has been gradually perverted into a machine for their control in tbeir domestic affairs; the creature has been ex alted above its creators; the principals have been made subordinate to tho agent appointed by themselves. The people of the Southern States, whose almost exclusive occupation was agricul ture, early perceived a tendency in tho Northern States to render tho common go vernment subservient to their own purpo ses, by imposing burthens on commerce a i a protection to their manufacturing an shipping interests. Long and angry* con troversy* grew out of these attempts, often successful, to benefit one section at tho ex pense of the other; and the danger of dis ruption arisingfroin this cause was enhanc ed by tho fact tlmt tho Northern popula tion was increasing by immigration aud other causes in a greater ratio than the population of tho South. By degrees, as tho Northern States gained preponderance in the National Congress, self-interest taught their people to yield ready assent to any plausible advocacy of their right as a majority to govern the minority with out conttul ; they learned to listen with im patience to the suggestion of any constitu tional impediment to the exercise of their will; and so utterly* have the principles of the Constitution been corrupted in the Northern mind, that iu the inaugural ad dress delivered by* President Lincoln in March last, he asserts as an axiom which he plainly deems to be undeniable, that the theory ot the Constitution requires that in all cases the majority shall govern ; and in another memorable instance, the same Chief Magistrate did not hesitate to liken tho re lations between a State and the United States to those which exist between acoun- ty and the State in which it is situated and by* which it was created. This is the la mentable and fundamental error on which rests the policy that has culminated in his declaration of war against these Confede rate States. In addition to the long continued and deep seated resentment felt by t >c South ern States at the persistent abuse ot tho powers they had delegated to the Con gress, for tho purpose^ of enriching tlie manufacturing it ml siiippiug classes of the North at the expense of the South, there has existed for nearly half a cenlory another subject of discord, involving in terests of such transcendent magnitude as at all times to create the apprehension in the minds of many* devoted lovers of the Union, that its permanence was impossible. When the several States delegated cer tain powers to the United States Congress, a large portion of the laboring population consisted of African slaves imported into the colonies by the mother country. Iu twelve of the thirteen States, negro slaves existed, mid the right of property in slaves, was protected by law. This property was recognized in tlie Constitution, and pro vision was made against its loss by* the es cape of the slave.. The increase in the number of slaves by* further importation from Africa, was also secured by a clause forbidding Congress to prohibit the slave trade anterior to a certain date; and in no clause can there be found any delegation of power to the Congress authorizing it in any manner to legislate to tho preju dice, detriment, or discouragement of the owners of that species of property*, or ex cluding it from the protection of the gov ernment. The climate and soil of the Northern States soon proved unpropitious to the coutinuuuce of slave labor, whilst the con verse was tho case at the South. Under tho unrestricted free intercourse between the two sections, the Northern States con sulted their own interest by selling their slaves to tho South, and prohibiting slave ry* within their limits. The South were willing purchasers of a property suitable to their wants, aud paid the price of acquisi tion without harboring a suspicion that their quiet possession was to be disturbed by those who were inhibited, not only by- want of constitutional authority*, but by good faith as vendors, from disquieting a title, emanating from themselves. As soon, however, as tho Northern States that prohibited African slavery within their limits had reached a number sufficient to give their representation a controlling voice iu the Congress, a persistent and or ganized system of hostile measures against the rights of tho owners of slaves in the Southern States was inaugurated, and grad ually extended. A continuous series of measures was devised and prosecuted for the purpose of rendering insecure the ten ure of property iu slaves; fanatical organ izations, supplied with money by volunta ry subscriptions, were assiduously engaged in exciting amongst the slaves a spirit of discontent and revolt; means were furnish ed for their .escape from their owners, and agents secretly employed to entice them to abscond; the constitutional provision for their.rendition to tlieiivowuers was first evaded,-then openly denounced as a viola tion, of conscientious obligation and relig ious duty; men were taught that it was a merit to elude, disobey*, and violently op pose the execution of the laws enacted to secure ihq performance of the promise con tained in the constitutional compact; own ers of slaves Were mobbed and even mur dered iii open day, solely for applying to a magistrate for the arrest o.'a fugitive slave; the dogmas pf these voluntary* or ganizations soon obtained control ot tho Jeg egislatureof many of the Northern States, that and laws were passed providing for the dent States, punishment by* ruinous fines and long eon- having, ho\v- tinned imprisonment in jails and peniten- recited tiaries, of citizens of tho Southern States, which who should dare to ask aid of the officers iienco"' orty| C Knibolllei of agitation and aggression