Newspaper Page Text
JOHN H. CHRISTY.!
I'.ditor iind Proprietor. )
~ Ah Independent Family Journal—I
Volume VIII.
the gou%rn^ak|man.
b f fiiif Urgrat ad Ckopst fapn isAe SUkl'U
TERMS.
TWO DOLLARS A-YEAR,
“l, »,« Bitirf >" oth*rmite, 7Trra Dalhtrt.
v - (l p,m r will lw dtaeonUnued («*eept at H»« option
A* ‘ ,f il,c editor) until nil wrenragea are paid.
A DVEHTISING.
I ,dverti*«mcnta inacrtwi at the usual rates,
f adrertiaemeata, jwhcn nut marked, will be
I, ,',! ,ni forbid, at One Dollar per aqttare of 9 lines
H |j, c 'iirM t and Fifty Cents jrer equate ttir eaoh eabse-
Ih mil t ion -
'"..v \ liberal deduetion to yearly advertisers.
-,r tnoounremrati of candidates $5, in advance.
I,,-(»bilH»ry notices exceeding six lines in length
iU» charged as advortjscnxmta.
ATHEISTS, GA. WEDNESDAY, JUNE
Justness anti
i M- WYNG & CO., Dealers Th
f\e lUniMTABB,- CROCKERY, CHINA AND
A'jji., bread Street* Athene. On. tf
A'
thkns steam compan y,
K. XIt’KERSON, Agent nnd Superintendent.—
r,7»f;r'«rcrs of Circular Saw Hills, Steam En-
l ‘ forcing a»d bitting PUMPS. Smaftino nnd
5lV u:\i.bv ; Mill, Gin and all other kinds of GEAR-
J N ,' ; Jbox and RnASS Carting*, of evory description.
SMITHING, Ilepairing nnd Finishing promptly «x«-
;j If I. Select patterns of Iron Fenring. Terms,cash.
ri \V. a II. R. J. LONG, Wholesale
\_,'s Slid ltclail DRUGGISTS, Athens, G».
.. cashi.br. sk.-t. r. SLOCCHS.
1ANULER& SLOCUMB, Altor-
nrv s at Uaw, Homer, Beaks eonnty; Georgia,wilt
,, r! icp in the emtntioe of Banks, Habersham, Frank.
|jr. iadtron snd Hall- AH business entrusted to them
,, I receive prompt allcnUon. My 8, 7861
c
Jiclrtt ffHisccUnttu.
i; W. LUCAS, Wholesale and Re-
I # tail Dealers lu DRY GOODS, GI^OpEHIES,
]■ UtK. Ac.. No. J, Broad Btreq*,' A they. _
f i I,. McCLESKEY, M.D., having
IX • permanently located in Athens, will continue
dt praetiee of Medicine and Surgery. Residence, that
rrecntlv occupied by Mr. Chase—Ofiee, at home, where
U asv lie found. - tf -
TT A. LOWR ANCE, Surgeon Den-
11 i TIST. Athens. (Jo. OIRee on College A venue,
u, r iLe Jewelry store of Messrs. Talmadgc A Wioa. ■
n GILLELAND, Dentist, Wat-
» liusrillo, Ga., respectfully, solicits the patrob-
iet of the surrounding reentry. “
ie riven in his profession.
Fall sttisfnctraw will
a
T M KENNEY, (next door to the
A. t Bank of Athens.) constantly keeps bn hand STA
PLE snd FANCY DRY GOODS, and Choice Family
thornier, cheap for cash, or to prompt customer*.
I M
We 1
M. MATTHEWS, Attorney at
AW, Danielsrille, Ga,
May 1,
T01 C11R1STY, Plain and
0 Fancy BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, Broad Si.;
Athens, lla. Office corner Broad and Wall streets, over
lie itore of Sansorn A Pittard. tf
IH1 YANKEE ALADDIN.
Aladdin began by swapping jack-knives
and getting the best, and battering halves
of marbles for whole ones. Whence grew
older and sold berries which he picked on
the hill pastureshe greased the quart pot,
so that alittle capital was brought forward
to next measure, He bayed hard all sum
mer, ai.tf went to evening schools in the
winter, and learned the golden rule of
arithmetic—addition to himself, subtrac
tion to his neighbor; and in all games be.
he.ld strictly to the ruleof Turnabout, “ yoB
tickle me and I’ll tickle you—if I can; but
at all events,.you tickle me.”
At an early age Aladdin was considered
good at a bargain, which meant that he
always succeeded in exchanging the worse
for t lie better; always keeping tbe blind
eye of a horse to the wall when he wanted
to sell him, and alwuys looking straight
at it when lie wanted to buy him; and the
approving village shook its head, and said,
“ Let Aladdin alone to succeed.”
He grew up and left the village for the
world. “ He’ll be rich,” said the village,
with more enthusiasm and envy than any
villagecversaid ofadeparting hoy. ‘‘H.e’11
be honest, faithful and generous.” To Al
addin the whole world was bat a market
in which to bny cheap and sell dear. For
him-there was no beauty, no heroism, no
piety, no history. To him all- lands and
waters are alike. No Homer sings for
him alongthe Egear*; he otiiy curses the*
wind that will not blow him to Odessa.
No sirens call to him from the sunny shore;
he loves the sharp oath of a brutal boats-
lhan. '
With a Bible in bis hand and a quid in
his mouth, he squirts about the holy places
of Jerusalem, and calculates the cost of the
sepulchre. He scratches Jus name with a
jack knife upon Egyptian obelisks, by the
side of the hieroglyphed names of Itame-
ses and Tothmea, names that shook early
history with their grandeur; and the rev
erend echoes of tbe Lybian desert since
they henrd tbe shout of Alexander’s army
marching to-find the oracle Ammon, are
awakened by the shrill whistling of Yan
kee Doodle and Old Daniel Tucker.
He insnlts the 'Grand Lama, hob-nobs
witli the Great Mogul,'tarns his back upon
Emperore, and takes a pinch of'snntf• out
of the Pope’s snuff-box. He eats flesh cut
mw fl-oin the animal with the Abbysinians,
chews bang with the Arabs,"smokes opium
with the Turk nnd rides for a bride with
the Culhiuck Tartar.
Then Aladdin comes home. He has turn-
IAMES A. CARLTON. Dealer in cd ) 1,s « 00<ls . an<1 ^’opportunities over
tf nun. Fancy and Staple DRY GOODS, Hardware «•«* «K* ,n . ™d they are nil turned ID-
to plUiS ot money Thfl wua Villoirora will.
and CWkerv, No. 3, Granite How, Athens.
r U\ HANGOCK,Attorney~at
ff • LAW. Dauielsvillc, Ga., will praetire in Jack-
Clarke, Madison, Hart, OgletUor^wa and Elbert.
T F. O’KELLEY, Photograph and
*’ • AMRROTYPE ARTIST. Room a on Broad and
.“print- “tract.
Athens. Ga.
over the store of John B.
Matthews,
Mnr8-tf
AS. M. ROYAL, Harness-Maker,
(IicmI of Wall airoct. nearly opposite the old State
8w..) Athens, Ga., keep, always ou Baud a general as-
Kirtiaent of nriieles in liis line, nnd is always ready to
iu ’. -r, in the best styUv tf
K. DAVIS, Land Broker, Collec-
i TOP. and GENERAL AGENT, Augusta, GiL—
fwincs attended to in any county of the Suite. Office
nroer-vf Jaeh.on and Ellis streets.
The wise villagers wel
come him, and proudly point him out to
the Akuldins of the younger generations,
a9 the shining example of the successful
man. “ For my dear son, just think of it!
He began with nothing,and now look!”
My dear son does look, and he sees Al
addin owning millions of dollars, aqd of all
J , . , r f.rwTKT n VI I the Dourg good societies he is chief diree-
Ah. M. RO1AL, Harness-Maker, ^ or> His name is ns good as gold. He has
(Led of Wall street t.earlv ot.no, ite U,c old State b<)nght ,^ ct ures and statues. He is housed
in luxury, and pricks his mouth with a
silver fork. He has a home for a poet, but
T K. DAVIS, Land Broker, Collec- J» l>oa«. ; tt« k.
J ■ t->R .ml <,i'\'KR—I. AfiEvr. a,., b«t newspapers. He goes to charth LWICtt
on-Eundays, and only wakes up when the
preacher'reviles and denounces Sodom,
* CO .Bookbinders, SjSSffBfi
• PaiH-r HuIom and Blauk Book Manutxcturers. m ia*-
sermons that have lut. U apd jrlanced off.
He das]is l»is hands in prayer,'but forgets
M ,\ ill SON UK I T A ttumov nt to open Uiem when the poor-box iff passed
, win . I-,? at around ; and ho goes-home liko a similar
ly, Humor. Bank, Canty, Gm-wlilpme- ^ m& » thaDkinj? God that he is
not as other men are;-and after dinner,
lights a cigar, sits before the fire in an easy
clmir, and tells his children, to remember
w that honesty Is the. best p»diey, and looks'
\ I( UOLSON, Heaves & Wynn, HleepilV at Mro. Aladdin through the thick
-*■ ' M'huKualo ;ind lletail D«»Ur» in STAPLE amd
VAXCy UOODS, GROCERIES, UARDWARB,Cr»rtr- A - a wii
Jr., i,r-n u. n BrtakBtaw, erner Bridge nnd Ur.mA By-nnd-by aid Aladdin dies. The eon-
k Aibina, tin. _ tf j ventioDul virtues aiN) called oyer by the
I V t mt, ; I, n~'r:ii'ti* mvv n -T ^ editors, as the mourning carriages are call-
)A IMA N & hUMMEf, Dealers in ! ^ out ^ undertakers. The papers
hardware and CUTLERY, curucr ef l!rn»*l: |X ,^,. ot tkat tliey are summoned to deplore
.vin.uutrct,, Atiinnn. G>. xiL i tho loss of thc mvcrod parent, genomus
plTNER, ENGLAND, & FREE-jfriend, public spirited citizen, and pious
-I XIAN. Wholesale uud Retail Denier* in GROCE-Jmait.-
?; K< ; I ,' RY goods, h audwakB, FHOF.S * BpOTS, Titen the precious swapper ofjack-knives,
' *' '" lnet ' A-i— — and model for the rising generation is left
j) BARRY, Fnslliorutble Boot and under the sod. Thostars that he never
'ARISON BELL, Attorney at
LAW, Huiucr, Bunk* County, fln.—wilt prae-
iin the O.iuits of the Wcitcrn Ciri-uit. All busincM
ntnuteil to hi; care w ill meet with prompt attention.
KcrritKvrR*: Hon J. H. Lumpkin. T. It. R. Cobb,
I-;. Wiu. Hope Hull- Esq., Atliuns, Ga., J, II. Banks,
l i(Liinosville, Ga.
soldiers. The vast majority of our officers
are, therefore, and necessarily, unknown
men. They have to be tried, and upon
tbe success ofthe trial will depend the lives
of our people and tbe safety of the State.
Toadoptlne stern rule ofthe French com
mittee, and exact immolation or victory
might not aecord with, the manners or the
feeling of our age. But the next most
vigorous exaction should be strenuously
insisted on. - Dismissal from the service,
instant and .without regard to circumstanc
es, should follow every failure. Success is
the highest—the greatest—the one- pre
eminent and indispensable, selfsufficient
and all-sufficient virtue in an officer. Wfth
it all things may be accomplished; without
it, nothing. Our officers must learn to
command that talisman, or they must cease
to command a corporal's squad of our peo
ple. This should bo understood at once,
as the fixed and irrevocable low. It « de-'
manded by the lives of our soldiers—by the
vast interests at stake—the safety of tbe
comrpon wealth—the freedom and indepen
dence of the Confederacy.—Richmond Whig.
What are ire Fighting For?
Under this .caption the New York Jour
nal of. Commerce asks tbe following perti
nent questions:
Are we fighting merely to protect
Washington ana Cairo ?
Are we fighting merely to keep tbe ene
my out of the free States ?
Are we fighting merely to retake Fort
.Sumter?'
When shall wff retake" it ?
What shall we do with jt ?
What shall we do further, after we have
re-takeoit? .
D.o We wish to retaliate ?
How will injuringthe Southerners bene
fit us ? ...
Is retaliation Qhristian ?
What else shall we do besidesjretaliat-
ln §/
Can \vo conquer the South in the fevers
and heat jof this summer Y
Are wo sure we can doit next winter?
What wiit ba the benefit of a long war
to our commerce and opr morals ?
What shall we gain by conquering the
Southerners?
Can we subdue them into * loving obedi
ence ?
What is any other obedienoo worth ?
Are we fighting to endure our fellow-
citizens ?
Are we fighting to free their slaves ?
How shall we do it ?
Will the masters-consent?
Shall we free the slaves against the mas
ters’ consent ?
Will the masters then ever yield us any
obedience which will not cost more to get
and to .keep, than it is worth ?
Do we want any States in this Union,
which can only be kept in by Dther States’
bayonets?
Will this war conciliate the Southern
ers ?
Will any thing ever conciliate them into
obedience but compromises ?
How long will a peace based on new
compromises to slavery last ?
Can we make the seceded States willing
members of our Unionf
Do we want unwilling members ?
Are we sure we can keep the seceded
Statesin the Union if JLhey do not come
back with a wish to be friends with ns?
Will conquering them make them wish
to bo friends with us ?
It they do,not wish to be friends with
ns why should we keep them in the Un
ion ?
May we not bo obliged to let them out
®f the Union any way sooner or later ?
If we must let tItem .go, how much blood
shall -we shed first ?
Cannot the next Congress so amend the
Constitution as to let them?
If Jeff. Davis is in any danger of being
conquered, is he not sharp enough to see
it?
What arc wo fighting about that is worth
fighting for?
»oulljtntMlati|man
TBE NEW CONSTITUTION.
The following communication from Col.
P. M. Byrd was not received in time for
our last issue. We publish it, not because
it reflects oar views, but because we recog
nize the right of all men of all shades of opin
ion to be heard throngh onr columns, when
their communications are couched in re
spectful language find relate to subjects of
general interest.
We do not propose discussing the merits
of the new Constitution with, our highly
esteemed correspondent. There is not
time now for a thorough discussion of it,
nor do we think it necessary." Although
there are some features which we consider
improvements upon the old Constitution,
yet there are others so.exceedingly objec
tionable that we feel sore thef people wilt
reject it.
The most objectionable feature to it is
the attempt to remove one of the depart-,
ments of Government (the Judiciary) from
the control of the people. The - Govern
ment being three-fold in its Character-
Legislative, Executive Bud Judicial—it is
proposed to take .from the people one-third
of Che power uow vested iu their bauds,
not because they have abused this power,
but because it is alleged they have ho
business exercising it. In a free Govern
ment aU power belongs to the people, and
they cannot too jealously guard their pre
rogatives. “Power is constantly stealing
from the many to the few,” and if the people
submit to pne aggression after another,
little by little, it will not he a great while
until they arff left powerless. “ Eternal
vigilance is thep-ice cf liberty." Guard well
the advances to the citadel of your liber
ties, and rest assured that the first attempt
at the curtailment of the powers of tbe
people is the signal for a systematic sub
version of popular liberty, and though slow
and gradual in its approaches, it is only,
the more dangerous.- Let the voters of
Georgia take heed! We do not charge the
hung, while the Constitution, as amended,
forbids such an act to be -passed, unless by
a majority of two-thirds -of each branch of
the General Assembly, with the privilege;
should snch act so pass, to commute the
punishment and tarn the murderer over
to the Penitentiary for saeh number of
yoars aoeacb House may agree upon, in
stead of turning them loose upon the coun
try. Will not this amendment, alone,
prompt every lover of right and justice, to
vote tt Ratification.”
The Constitution, as amended, forbids
all.acts of incorporation, except banking,
insurance, railroad, canal, plank road, uav r
igation, mining, express, lumber and tele
graph.companies. It also forbids making
or changing election precincts,establishing
bridges and ferries, or changing names and
legitimate children. It also forbids the
granting or extending batik charters, as
well as legalizing bank suspensions, unless
on act for that purpose, shall be passed, by
two-tbirda of ea<-h House. Upon an ex
amination of the Acts of tho Legislature
of 1858,1 find that the local and useless
legislation of that session, forbidden in die
amended Constitution, would have exclud
ed from that Act upwards of ono-fiftb of
Its pages. My opinion is that the per diem
and. mileage ot the number of members re
duced, together with the local legislation
forbidden, will savo to the State annually,
at least $35,600; which sain, unless other
wise appropriated, will be ip the Treasury
when the school fund is distributed, and
in that case, will be added to the sumo.
There are other important amendments
which I may notice hereafter, bat for the
present, will eonelnde with the remarks of
Ex Gov. G. W. Crawford,.President of the
Convention. In his closing remarks to it,
he said: “In the revision of your ,State
Constitution, you have, in my judgment,
improved it by each alteration made in it.
Whatever may have been heretofore the
high standard of yonr Judges, that stati-
Itnaginc these, and an infinite Variety of
similar sentiments, uttered -by courtly,
well educated men, who set-great store on
a nice observance of the usages of society,
and who are only moved (o extreme bit
terness and anger when they speak of the
North, and yon will fail to Conceive the
intensity of the dislike of the Sooth Caro
linians for tho free States. .There are the
national antipathies on our tpdo of the
Atlantic which are tolerably strong, and
have been unfortunately pertinacious and
long lived.
The hatred of the Italians for the -Te-
deqt-o, of the Greek for the Turk, of the
Truk for thq Russ, is warm and fierce en
ough to satisfy the Prince of Darkness, not
Jo speak of a few little petaversions among
allied Powers and the atoms of composite
empires; but thej are all mere indifference
and neutrality of feeling compared to the
animosity evinced by the “gentry” of South
Carolina for the rabble of the North.
Tire contest of Cavalier and Roundhead;
of Vendeun and Republican, even of Or
angemen and Croppy, have been elegant
joustings, regulated by tho finest rules of
chivalry,compared with those which North
and South will carry on if their deeds sup
port their words. “ Immortal hate; the
study of revenge” will actuate every blow
and. nevor in the history of the world, per
haps, will go forth suc-ii dreadful va victis
as that which may be heard before the
fight has begun. There is nothing in all
the dark caves of human passion so erne!
and deadly as the hatred the South Caro
linians profess for the Yankees.
That hatred has been swelling for j’eare,
till it is the very life blood of the State.
It has set South Carolina to work steadily
to organize-her resources for the struggle
which she intended to provoke, if it did
not come in. the course of time. Incom
patibility of temper” would have been suf
ficient ground for the divorce; and I am
satisfied that there has been a deep rooted
design, conceived in some men’s minds
thirty years ago, and extended gradually,
year after year, to others, to break away
from the Union at the very first opportu
nity.
The North is to South Carolina a cor
rupt and evil thing, to which for long years
she had been boupff by burning chains,
while monopolists anJ manufacturers fed
on her tender limbs. She has been bound
dard will be advanced still higher to inde- . in a Maxenthian union to the object she
pendence and legal attainments. Reduc
tion ofthe members of the Legislature may
SHOE-MAKER. Bronit «u«t, Afticnfc-Gu., i* i saw now burn over hira_witb a soft .lustre
L»»t> iii re*Jim»« to fill orJgni in tin lint. that no lamps above a king’s tomb emu
'll ItjKMOP ft SON Wholesale and > l * u> ’ «i"<j the south wind, for whoso breath
“J STAPLE DRY GOODS, No. 1, Broad >(., Athen*.
Li
ItHcus.
Istrews his last bed with anemones and vi-
; olets, wljile living.
members ofthe late Convention with an not have gone as Ikr as many othors have
intention to subvert the liberties of the peo
ple, but we do insist that takinw^e elec
tion of Judges .out of their hanH^rill have
that tendency.
If the people are not capable of choosing
their Judges, they are not capable of choos
ing President, Governor, members of Con
gress and other bfficers—in short, are not
capable of self-government! Now this
proposition cannot be dodged. An the
People willing to stultify themselves on
the 2d of July, by voting for the new Con
stitution, which takes from them the elec
tion of Judges, and thus virtually admit
to tho world that they arc incapable of self-
government ? We are npt going to believe
any such thing until we see it.
M. L. MAULER, Attorney at j to be formed on that, model, and pursue a
LAW, Jrffcrsnn. Jackvin county, G*. | similar succcsjv carelessly ask, as they stir
Kommcbs—J. M. McLeito* am! W. £. Thompson,! t j ie ; r toddies-: “ So, old Aladdin is gone, at
■ IM*| *«■**•«.* WBP- TllO. Bt-ulptoi:
tf carves a.cherub upon lus tombstone, and
U r M G. DELON Y, Attorney. tR
" * LAW, Athens, On., wilW4t«n<l pru:*Jtly -tepll
citrusi,.,! to Ills «*r*. 0#e*'on Dread street,
'j"‘ *• M. Keuucy’* More, ff
\\TM. PHILIPS, Attorney nt Law,
, " < Marietta* Ga., will pr*c.Uc* in »U the counties
•'•t Blur Kidjju t'ireuit, in the county of Fulton, of tlio
, * n Circuit, in tho Supremo-Court, nnd in the C. S.
* jt'net Court nt Marietta. ' tf
WHITE k HITCH Wholesale & proclaimed-in danger, all eitixons rushed
\VH
N. WHITE, Bookseller and
BKSTATIOXER, and Nowinaner nnd Mnsaziuo
f,' ^'ritr Li Muuic k Musical Ia*truments, .L*inp«,
C, , '•“th'ry. Fancy i; Ac., corner Broad Street anil
-„■* xveuuc. Order* promptly filUd MAugustaratar.
PLANTER’S HOTEL,
AU»n*-> <Jn.
(OPPOSITETHE PASSENGER DEPOT.).
1 ROUGHLY rcnuTnted »n.l re-furnislicd, and iu
j,i ?’ CI 7 centre of the huiinen portion of tli* eHy.
~ WM. O HALI.ORAN .Proprtator.
globe hotel,
.... Ancusta, Ga.
Yotio IN MBLLA KKY, PROPRIETOR.
A r p »***n*er» boldine Tbroosh TUbot*. jetll
r,„ t * rr ‘«d to and lion this llotcl frm> of Orauitu*
Fell. 27.—ly
^RIGKT & JACKSON,
'RWUMAND fOSWAUIIK IIRCIANTS.
u* STKK T- SAVAKXAH, UEOKGU.
"■ valour. w». a. eAOKaos.
RBVKR TO
n: W. Amloreou Sarunnah, Ga.
:: ■ ::
tf^J^WYurb. “ ■ “
>ia'i?Tf*l*' Augutta, Ga.
'lute. Fwnaodina, Florida.
::
• n,e - Mirritt, Hnwbinf Ulc, Ga.
Special Dispatch to tho -Charleston Courier.
Splrlt.of the Northern Press, Ac.
Ricumond, June 16.—A batch of New
York papers has just been received. They
arc verj r lingTy over the defeat at. Bethel.
- Tbo Times says Butler has no prodenoe;
Pierce lias no courage; and -the sooner
these Massachueett barristers are dismissed
to their pleadings tho better. Adds, that
the lives of soldiers are too valuable to bo
sqnandcrcd taconvert these political hacks
into Iksi-ocs.
The Tribune says, that the war must be
stopped, and tho Southern Confederacy
And the men who are recognized if the Lincoln troops cannot do
better, and calls for two hundred thousand
men to, push through to Texas, then, if de
feated, it advises the Administration to
sue for peaeo.
Tho Herald condemns the grand mistako
by.which the Federal troops fired Into
each' other, and inristft that tbo' officers
t to be cashiered.
with the usual sensation
flourish,, publishes un.der startling head
ing, a fictions account of the capture ot
y Rebel” batteries by Gen. Butler.. It says
that one thousand prisoners were taken,
and that the Confederate- trqope bad six
batteries of rifled cannon and fi8 twelve
„ , „ . . pounders, with, entrenchments of a splon-
triotiefervor, and tlie’iuspiryig wards (.did character, ditches sixteen feet deep, 4c.
.. . - i— —-—i The New York papers, however, gener
graves the motto, “ By their works ye shall
know them;’’ while some quiet Charles
Lamb, with insanity in bis family, asks; ought to be eai
as ho reads A laddiu-’s-epitaph : “ Where be , The Heeald,
all the tnd people buried ?”
Victory or Death.
When the Francli Republic was threaten
ed with invasion, and .safety H'.e State
all eitixons rushed
by pai,JPPi>PmP, II , - .PUL.
of'xhu Marscllaise, thelrontters wcre speed
fly crowned by irapetnous,. impulsive and
impatient warriors. The great difficulty
was to direct utid discipline tbe eager mans.
The number of experienced officers was
very amall, and necessity compelled a
resort to new and untried men, all-of wham
were eager for the-poet of honor and dan
ger Tho enargetic stateamcn who,Chen
ruled France met the crisis by proclaiming
that-victory or. death was required at the
handsofevery officer, No excuse would be
received for defeat under any circunistanc-
es. Nothing but victory could aatisfy the
demand of patrioUm and. the safety ofthe
Suite. Iftliey encountered tljoenemy.they
must conquer or ’die.. There was no other
alternative—better be martyrs than das-
,a Thc effect of this, energetic policy, vigor
ously pursued was Vast ami instantaneous.
The invaders, w^cro speeddy expel fed trqm
her soil by the.inviocible legums of h 1 :mce i
nnd names, never before h
trump of futno;
We aro in a situation
At the first cry of tnvasioi
have rnshed to n"" AC '
filled
•ally.-tell pretty near the truth and ao-
knowlelge thok-defeat. • -
Tl»e effect on tbe North is evidently, a
bad one, and the people are beginning to
find out their mistake.
.The articles in the newspapers aro full-
of entreaties urging the Lincoln Govern
ment to got belter officers and more men.
W hen the result of tho fight at Bethel
was made known to Butler," he declared
his intention to whip the rebels in twenty-
four hours. "
8 Commercial Value of Insects.
The importance ofinsects, commercially
inking, is scarcely ever thought oh
sat Britian does not pay, less than ?1,-
000,000 for tkf dried carcasses of the tiny
insect, the Cochineal; and another Indian
insect, whtch bv puncturing particular
trees,.affords Zac, is scarcely less valuable.
Marc than1,5000,060 Jinraan beings derive
their solo support from tho culturo and.
h tho mmiufacture of silk; andthesilk worm
Slone creates an annual circulating medium
Of nearly $2000,000,000—$50O-,00Q are an- ‘
nually spent in England alone for honey
—at least 10,000 cwt. of wax is imported
^year. Then there
mmerce, used fordye-
barldes,
For tlie Southern W*tcbm*n.
TO THU PUBLIC’.
Argo, Hall Co., Juno 14th, 1861.
I have examined several newspaper pub
lications in opposition to the ratification
of the amended Constitution of Georgia,
which, in themselves, arc calculated to lead
the people into an error upon this impor
tant subject." There is only three of the
objections that I allude to. ttrsay the most
of them, that desfjrvo noticing. Tho first
is, that “ the Convention bad no authority
to do this work.” I could admit this ob
jection, as it-isof so little consequence, al
though a large number of the members of
tho Convention, claiiued-that they had that
right. What would one of those objectors
do, provided his servant, after doing what
he was directed to do, should do something
else also, that ho .saw was important to be
done, would be object to that work, for
no other reason than simply because he
did not, in his opinion, direct the doing
thereof? With such an objector, I would,
not stop to reason for a moment, as doubt
less the chances of an election te the Sen
ate in one county over that of threo, had
been previously delibeiftted upon. Anoth
er objection urged is, that in both branches
of the Legislature, representation is based
upon territory, regardless of population.
To this objection, I remark that tho Con
vention, in the "redaction of the Senate
from 132 down to 44 members, proceeded
as it should" have doqe, strictly upon the
principle of tcrritoiy. The House the Con
vention found, to some extent, represent
ing population—the 37 counties having the
largest Representative population, having
two Representatives eaeh, and all the oth
er counties one Representative each. Since
the increase of our counties to 132, it is
impossible, to apportion tho representation
strictly upon tl»e principle of population,
without increasing the number of Repre
sentatives greatly, or organizing Repre
sentative Districts, as well as Senatorial
ones, in which event, -many of the small
counties would have neither Senator nor
Representative. Tho first they ought not
to allow, and the second they ought to
spurn indignantly- Another objection is,
that the Constitution is better
amendments than with them
- To confute this objection,
cessary to advert to a fe
meats. The Constitution, as a
quires an act for the creation of
county, to be passed by two-tbirda of each
branch of the Legislature. Had this been
the case for the last ten years, who would
doubt that we would now ha
counties less than we have ?
Again, tho Constitution,
lows a majority of each House to pass a
act to pardon and turn loose upon the coun
try, tho murderer, who is condemned to be
desired; still, as a thing per se, it cannot
be otherwise than acceptable. Tn all such
matters, we must make concessions.” Will
the Southern Banner please copy.
P. M. BYRD.
MB. RUSSELL’S SIITII LETTER TO THE LON
DON TIMES.
Charleston, S. C., April 30.—Nothing I
could say can be worth one fact which has
forced itself upon my mind in reference to
the sentiments which prevail among the
gentlemen of this State.. I have been
among them for several daj’s. I havo vis
ited their plantations. I have conversed
with them fully and freely. I have enjoy
ed that trank, courteous and graceful in
tercourse which constitutes an irresistible
charm of their society. From all quarters
has comb to my cars tho echoes of the
same voice;.it may be feigned, but there is
no discord in the note, and it sounds in
wonderful strength and tnouotony all over
tbe country.
Shades of George III, of North, of John
son, of aU who contended against the great
loatlies. Now England is to Iter the incar
nation of moral ami political wickedness
and social corruption. It is the source of
everything which South Carolina hates,
and of the torrents of free thought and
taxed manufactures of Abolitionism and
of Filibustering, which have flooded the
land,
Believo a Southern man as ho believes
himself, and you must regard New Eng
land and the kindred States as the birth
place of impurity of mind among men, and
of unchastity in women—tho homes of
Free Love, of Fourierism, of Infidelity, of
Abolitionism, «>f false teachings in political
economy, in social life—a land saturated
with the drippings of rotton philosophy,
with the poisonous infections of a fanatic
press, without honor or modesty, whose
wisdom is party cunning, whose valor and
manhood have boen swallowed up in a
corrupt, howling, demagogy, and in tho
marts of a dishonest commerce. It is the
merchants of New York who fit out ships
for the slave trade, and carry it on in Yan
kee ships.
It is tbe capital of the North which sup
ports, and it is Northorn men who con
coct and execute, the filibustering expedi
tions which have brought discredit on the
slaveholding States. In’ the large cities
rebellion which tore these colonies from , — ....
England, can, you hear the chorus which P°°P' 0 • ,ro corrupted by itinerant and ig
^ the State of Marion, Sumter,
and Pinckney, and not clap your ghostly,
hands iu triumph? That voice says : “I
we could only get of tho Royal raceo. !
England to rule over us, we should beoon >
tent.” Let there be no misconception o.;
this point. That sentiment, varied in a
hundred ways, lias been repeated to me
over and over again.
There is a general admission that tbo
means to such an end are wanting, and
that the desire, cannot bo gratified- But
the admiration for monarchical institutions
on the English model, for privileged class
es, and for a landed aristocracy and gen
try, is undisguised and apparently genu
ine. With tiie pride of liaviug achieved
their independence" is mingled in the South.
Carolinians’ hearts & strange regret at the
result and consequences* and many are
they who “would go back to-morrow, if
we could.”
■ An intense affection for the British con
nection, a love of British habits and cus
toms, a respect for British sentiment, law,
authority, order, civilization and litera
ture, "pre-eminently distinguish the inhabi
tants of this State, who, glorying in thejr
descent from ancient families on the three
islands, whoso fortunes they still follow,
and with whoso members they maintain
not unfrequently familiar relations; regard
with an aversion, of winch it is impossible
to giveTan idea to oue who has not soeii its
manifestation, "the people of Jlew England
and the Northern States, whom they re
gard as tainted beyond cure by the venom
of “Puritanism.”
Whatever may bo tho cause, this is the
fact and tho effect: “The State of South
Carolina, was,” I am told, “founded bygen-
tlomcn.” It was not established by witch-
burning Puritans, by cruel persecuting
fanatics, who implanted in the North tbe
standard of Torquemada, and breathed in
to the nostrils ot thtir newlv-born colonies
all tho ferocity, bloodthirstiness and rabid
intolerance of the Inquisition. It is abso
lutely astounding to a stranger who aims
at the preservation of a decent neutrality
to mark the violence of these opinions.
“If the confounded ship had sunk with
those-' Pilgrim Fathers on board,*-’ says
one, “ we never should have been driven
to these extremities!” “We could have
t on with the fanatics if thev had been
either Christians or gentlemen,” says an- ignorant Germans and Irish,” and the scum
other: “for in the first case they- would
havo acted with common charity, and in
the second they would have fought when
thoy insulted us; but there are neither
Christians nor gentlemen among them!”
“ Any thing on the earth F* exclaims a
third, ** any form of government, any ty
ranny or despotism you will; but”—ami
here is an appeal more terrible than the
adjuration of all the gods—“ nothing on
earth shall ever induce us to submit to any
with the brutal, bigoted blackguards
tho New England States, who neither
prehend nor regard tho feelii
gentlemen ? Man, woman and chilt
die first.”
norant, lecturers; in the towns and iu the
country by an unprincipled press. The
population, indeed know how to read and
write, but they don't know how to think,
and they are tho easy victims of the
wretched impostors on all the ologies and
isms who swarm over the region, and sub
sist by lecturing ou subjocts which.the in
nate vices of mankind induce them to ac
cept with eagerness, while they assume the
garb of philosophical abstractions to cov
er their hastiness, in deference to a con
temptible'aiul universal hypocrisy.
“Wo fills the butcher*' thops with large biuo 3ie*!"
Assuredly the New England demon has
been persecuting the Sout h tiff its intolera
ble cruelty and insolence forced her, in-a
spasm of agony, to read..her chains asun
der. The New Englander mast have some
thing to persecute, and as he lias hunted
down all his Indians, burnt all his witches
and persecuted all liis opponents to the
death, ho Invented Abolitionism as the
sole resource left to him for the gratifica
tion of his favorite passion. Next to his
motive principle is his desire to make
money, dishonestly, trickily, meanly and
shabbily. ”
He has acted bn it iu all his relations
with the South, and has cheated and plun
dered her in all bis dealings, by villainoos
tariffs. If one objects that the South must
have been. a party to this, because her
boast is that her statesmen have ruled the
Government "of the country, you are told
that tho South yielded out of pure good
nature. Now, however, she will have free
trade, and will open-the coasting trade to
foreign nations and shut oqt from it tbe
hated Yankees, who so long monopolised
and made their fortunes by it. Under all
the varied burdens and miseries to which
she was subjected, the South held fast to
her sheet anchor. South Carolina was the
mooring ground" in which she found the
surest hold. _
Tho doctrine of State Rights was her
salvation, and the fiercer the storm raged
against her—the more stout demagogy,
immigrant preponderance, and the blasts
of universal suffrage boro down to her,
threatening to sweep away the vested in
terests of the South in her right to govern
the States, the greater was her confidence
and the more reaolutelyjibe held on her
cable. The North attracted “hordes of
that capital, closed against her, snd occu
pied .by free labor.
The doctrine of “squatter sovereignty,”
and the force of hostile tariffs, which plac
ed a heavy duty on the very articles which
tho South most required, completed the
measure of injuries tb which she was sub- .
jeeted, and the spirit of discontent found
vent in fiery " debate, in personal insults,
and in aerimonions speaking and writing,
which increased in intensity, in proportion
as tho abolition movements, and the con
test between tho Federal principles and
State Rights, became more vehement. I
am desirous of showing in a few weals,
tor -the information of English readers,
how it is that the Confederacy, *which Eu
rope knew simply as a political entity,has
succeeded in dividing itself.
The slave States hold the doctrino, or
say they dkl. that each State was independ
ent us France or as England, but that for
certain purposes they chose a common
agent to deal with foreign nations, and to
impose taxes for the purpose of paying tho
expenses of the agency. We, it appears,
tatked of American citizens when thero
were no such beings at all. There wore,
indeed, citizens of tho sovereign State of
.South Carolina, or of Georgia or Florida,
'who permitted themselves to pass under
that designation, but tt was merely as a
matter of personal convenience.
It will be difficult for Europeans to un
derstand this doctrine, as nothing like it
has beon heard before, and no snch Con
federation of- Sovereign States has ever
existed in any country in the world. Tho
Northern men deny that it existed here,
and claim for thi) General Government
power not compatible with such assump
tions. They have lived for the -Union,
they served”it, they labored for and made
money by it. A man, as a New York man,
was nothing—as an American citizen he
was a great deal. A South Carolinian ob
jected to lose his identity Jn any descrip
tion which included hnn*and a “Yankee
etockmaker” in the samp category.
Tho Union was against him; ho remem
bered that he came from a race of Eng
lish gentlemen who had beon persecuted
by the representatives—for he will not
call them the ancestors—of the Puritans
of New England, and he thought that they
were animated by the same hostility to
himself. He was jiroud of old names, and
he felt pleasure in tracing his connection
with old families in the old country. His
plantations were held by old charters, or
had been in the bands of his fathers for
several generations; and ho delighted tn
remember that, when the Stuarts were
banished from their throne and their coun
try, the burgesses of .South Carolina had
solemnly elected the wandering Charles
King of their State, and had offered him
an asylum and a kingdom. Tho philo
sophical historian may exercise his inge
nuity in conjecturing what would havo
boon the result of the fugitive had he carried
his fortune to Charleston.
South Carolina coutains 34,000 square
miles, and a population"of 720,000 inhabit
ants, of whom 285,000 aro black slaves. In
tho old rebellion it was distracted between
revolutionary principles aud tho loyalist
predilection, and at feast onohalfofthu
planters were faithful to George III., nor
did they yield until Washington sent an
army to support their antagonists, and
drove them from the colony.
In my Bext letter I shall give a brief ac
count oV a visit to some ot the planters, as
for as it can be made consistent with the
obligations which the rires and rights of
hospitality impose upon the guest as well
as upon" the host.
These gentlemen are well bred, courte
ous anti hospitable. A genuine aristocra
cy, they have time to cultivate their minds,
to apply themselves to politics and the
guidance or public affairs-. They travel
and read, love field sports, racing, Rhoot-
ing,.banting and fishing, are bold horse
men, and good shots. But, after all, thotr
Stato is a modern Sparta, an aristocracy
resting on a helotry, and with nothing else
to rest upon.
Although they profess (and I believe,
iudeod, sincerely,) to hold opinions in op
position to the opening of tho slave trade,
it is nevertheless triio that Lite clause in
tho Constitution of the Confederate States
which prohibited tbo importation of ne
groes, was especially and energetically re
sisted by them, because, • as they say, it
seemed to be an admission that slavory-
was-in itself an evil and a wrong. Their
whole system rests on slavery, and as snch
they defend it. They entertain very ex
aggerated ideas ofthe military strength of
their little community, although’ one may
do full justice to its military spirit.
Out of their whole population they can
not reckon more than 60,000 adult men
.by any arithmetic, and as thore are near
ly 30,000 plantations which must bo, ac
cording to law, superintended by white
men, a considerable number of these adults
cannot be spared from tbe State for ser
vice in the open field. The planters boast
that they cart raise the crops without any
inconvenience by the laboroftheir negroes,
and they seem confident that the negroes
will work without superintendence. But
the experintent is rather dangerous, and
it will oi l be tried in tho last extremity.
of Europe, while the South repelled them
Tho industry, the capital ofthe North eD ° Ugh makc dronk
increased witli enormous rapidity, under
the influence qf cheap"labor'and manufac
turing ingenuity *tnd enterorise, ill the
villages winch swelled into towns, and the
towns which became cities, under the un-
envious eye of tho South- She, on thc con-
tmry, toilod on slowly, clearing forests and
drainingawanipstofind new cotton grounds
and rice fields;
A Suggestion for the Times.
■ .It behooves every one to economise as .
much as possible during the existence of
the war. No one can' foresee the end, or
the events and changes that may occur in
tho interim. The folTowingcommunicatioii
sets forth a tdiehp mode of making coffee :
“ A very good coffeo can be made, cost-
ingon 12| cents, by mixing one spjonfull
of coffee with one spoonful of toasted corn
meal; boii well and clear in the usual way.
I have used it tor two weeks, and several
friends visiting my honse say- they could
not discover anything peculiar in the taste
of my cofloe but pronounced it very good.
Try it and sec if we cannot get along
comfortably even while onr ports are bloc k-
nded by tbe would bo King. I can as
you it is very pleasant, though not sti
- Gen. Lee.—Thero is not probably in t!i
armies qf any countiy in tho world a f
specimen pf tho gentleman and sol
than Gen. Lee. In his profession be has
no superior, and when his
and arrangements for the great i
come to be known, it will
nothing has been loft undone which
utmost resources of military genius