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UUBJiT SPEECH^? I!f iW Ftt -
PIMuiOUATlO PLATFORM FOR THE COMING
CAMPAIGN LAID DOWN.
N't item of news, perhaps, has attracted
morn attention or excited more interest
Chiii ttie tato bold Hpecoh of Sir Lons' in
the Yankee Congrats. No sooner was it
uttered than tbo whole Republican party
was an bis heels like a jmek of curs, and
aifer.citing controvorsy ensued, which last*
cd tl rough four whole days. A resolution
was • ntroduccd for hU expulsion for daring
to ill ter kucK sentiments, but seeing thai;
il could not bo carried, the Republican!!
substituted for it a resolution of censure
This led to a sharp’and acrimonious debate,
and was.finally carried—but by the very
close vote of eighty against seventy. To
add farther bumilia|;ion, as it were, it was
proposed that the vote of censure be read
to Mr. Long by tboSpcakor during the
session ot the House, bat this proposition
was laid upon the table by a vote of se-
ventv-onc against sixty-nine. ’1Tina ended
the .whole affair. But the :nind naturally
inquires, why has all this fuss been kicked
up by this speech ? Why should it bavo
fallerjike a bombshell among the Repub
licans? “The Northern papers have pub
lished the debate growing out ot it, but
not one of them has dared to publish the
speech, with tho single honorable exception
of tho New York News, which lays it in
full before tbo .public. All this has tended
to give a peculiar interest and significance
to the document. . i
Again, far more than ordinary interest !
attaches to this ppeoch of Mr. Long, from j
certain political intimations given out in {
the Northern press. Mr. Long is a Repre- !
sentativo from the great central State of j
Ohio; ho is emphatically a peace man ; hoj
is a representative of the Conservative i
Democratic party, and his speech, it is I
said, furnishes the platform upon which
the Democratic party of the North will ;
make the issue in the coming Presidential j
election. From this consideration alone ;
his views possess extraordinary interest, ;
and from the angry discussion it gave rise
to in the Yankee Congress, and the close
vote by which it was disposed of, it is evi
dent that it waB*fl%arded by the Republi
cans with* great political jealousy. Had
theNc wsnot'procured a copy of this speech,
we suppose the Yankees would never have
permi tted it to be seen. It was their poli
cy to smother it within the balls of Con
gress, and their presses aided and abetted
in the game by abutting their colmum to
it. But the New York News beards the
lion in his den, and, on the very same day
it was delivered in Congress, the News
comes out with it in full. We lay this
speech of Mr. Long before the people of'
the South, somewhat abridged in its imma
terial passages. We feel assured that no
one wi 11 fa 1 t.o read it,:
Mr. Chairman: I speak to-day for the
preservation of the Government, and, al
though; for the first time within these vAUls,
I propose to indulge in that freedom of
speech and latitude of debate ho freely ex
ercised by other gentlemen for iho past
lour months, and which is admissible under
tho rules in the present condition of the
House; but for what 1 may guy and the
position I shall occupy upon this floor and
before the country, JL alone will be hespon-
sible, and in the independence of a Repre
sentative of the people, I intend to proclaim
the deliberate convictions of my judgment
in this fearful fcouref the country's peril.
And no tv r Air. Chairman, as we are in Com
mittee of the Wholo on the state of -the*
XJuion, 'cl uet inquire, h‘ow stands the Union
to-day l
Tins INAUGURATION OF THE WAR.
A little over three years ago, the present
occupant of the Presidential mansion at
the other, end of the avenue, came into this
City nnder cover of night, disguised in a
plaid cloak and Scotch cap, lest, as . was
feared, by hiu friends, he might have re
ceived a warmer greeting than would.bavo
bueu agreeable on his way through Balti
more, at Clio hands of the constituents of
the honorable gentleman from Maryland
(Mr. Item) On tbs 4ih of March be was
inaugurated, and in bis address deprecated
v civil wa:*, using that ever to be memorable
languagu, “ Suppose you go tQ war, you
cannot fight Always, and when, after much
loss on toth uidoH, and no gain on either,
you cease fighting, the identical old ques
tions as to terms of ;intercourse are again
upon yoii.” Seven States had up to that
States was soon after held in this city. A’
scheme was devised and a vessel sent out"
under 'pretence of furnishing provisions to
. the troops with Major. Anderson in ’ Fort
Sumter. On arriving in Charleston harbor
the people of that city fired upon the Fort.
The telegraph bore the news to this city,
and on the first mention to the President,
he exclaimed, “ I knew they wSnld do it,*’
which to my mind is conclusive that it was
intended expressly for / that purpose. Se-
▼enty.five thousand men were immediately
called for, war was inaugurated, twenty
days were given the insurgents to lay down
their arms; an additional five hundred
thousand men were soon called for, and
fertilities commenced. Thu rebellion was.
V;j5e crushed inside of sixty days; more
troops were called for; the Union Was to
be restored with all the rights, equality
and dignity of the States unimpaired. No
man waB permitted to question, for a mo
ment, the right of the Government to co
erce the States back into the Union. To
doubt the right or question the speedy
suppression of the rebellion and restoration
of the Union, was to fc>e denounced as a
traitor to the Government and a sympa
thizer with tho South. - Thus, sir, was the
war inaugurated. Tho first year passed
away; tho second came aod passed in like
manner; so of the third.
HOW NOW STANDS THE WAR ?
• And now, sir, let me again inquire, how
j stands the Union to day ? The brief period
|. of three short years hjw produced a fearful
change in this tree, happy and prosperous
Government; so free in its restraints Upon
personal liberty, and so gentle in its de
mands upon the resources of the people,
that the celebrated Humboldt, after tra
velling through the country on bis return
to Europe, said: “ The ‘American people
have a Government which you can neither
see nor feel.” So different is it now, and
so great is the change, that the inquiry '
will be made to-day, are wo not in Con
stantinople, in St. Petersburg, in Vienna,
in Romo, or in Paris? Military Governors
ai.d their Provost Marshals override the
laws, nnd the echo ot the armed heel rings,
forth as clearly now in America dk -in
France or in Austria, and the Present
sits today guarded by aimed soldiery,
stationed at every approach loading to the
Executive mansion. So'fhr from crushing,
the rebellion in sixty days, three years
have passed away, and from the day on
which tho conflict began up to the present
hour, tho Confederate army have not been
forcod beyond the sound of tbeir guns from
the dome of the capitol in which we are
assembled. “*
TIIE PROSFECT NOW.
The City of Washington Is to day, as it
has been for three years, guarded by Fed
eral troops in all tAo forts and fortifications
with which it is surrounded, to prevent an
attack from the enemy, and as an evidence
of tho despondency of the administration,
and the unsuccessful opening of the spring
campaign of tho fourth j’ear itt the progress
of the war, the Morning Chronicle of this
city, the President’s orjjan, in an editorial
a few mornings since, said: “Charleston
has qot been taken; Lee maintains a bold
front oft the Rapidan^ tire Florid* 1 expedi
tion was a failure; the Sherman expedition
has not been a success, and the rebels have
everywhere shown more vigor than they
wore supposed to possess.” Although the
same paper, and others i n support of tho
Administration, have told the country
from time to time during the past winter,
that the rebellion was crushed and slavery
was dead; that the Confederates were de
serting in whole regiments at a time, coin-
in<* within our lines, taking the oath, and
describing the-most horrible suffering and
demoralization from want of .ood, clothing
and ill treatment; yet, the .very time
the people have been so deceived and mis
led, from day to day, the President «all?.
for 500,000 more troops, and in a few
weeks follows it with an additional call
fqtv200,000 more, making 700,000 since the
first of January, and over 2,500,000 since
, the commencement of the war, out of the
i 8,500,000 who voted in the 8” called loyal
Status .at the last- Presidential election#
i w hen 75,000 militia-were to end it in twen
ty, or at most sixty days.
WHO ARE THE <PARTY' WHO
ARE RESPONSIBLE Fo»
“PEACE'* MR. LINCOLN
j SOUTH- '
I Mr- Chairman: I liavo thus made a very
' brief statement of facts as to tho Condition
of the Union to day.and for doing which I
have no doubt tho usual charge of “ eu-
couragetuent for the rebels,’’ “ tbeprolonga-
tion or the war,” “ tbo rebels are aided by
their friends on this floor,” and the like
charges will be repeated again by gentle-
j' men on tbo opposite sido of the Houbo;
j ami, as I have heard such charges so re
; .peatedly during the past four months, I
lay now and here tb^t.tho real friends of
who givo them
ENCOURAGE AND
THE WAR THE
PROPOSES TO THE
lime seceded
All believed
At tho conciu
men terl J
* v «ry w<
Press
ins
all, the
inv
mseu
l't*
aveited.
the la- ! Bident to his
i a
the Confederates—those
,»id and encouragement, Riid enuble them
;.o carry on the war—are on the opposite
nide of the House and in the control ot the
Government. Yourconfisoation'resolution,
looted for and passed by the friends of the
Administration, by which yon propose to
thrust your hands into the coffin of the
deceased father, and take all he may have
IMt at his death to his widow and innocent
and unoffending children, is worth more
than fifty thousand men to the Confederate
army. The order issued by the President,
ty Gen. Saxton, dividing up and parcel!bg
out the State of South ORroKna amhiigthe
negro*'s and eoterprising Kiiokeesof Mas
sachusetts, gives cquragm energy and on-
tliusioftra to the men ,
‘erate States.
call and hold an election, and inaugurate.
State officers, abd. net up a State Govern
ment—and 41 the legislation, consummated,,
and proposed by Congress, and speeches
made upon this .floor in support of Radi
calism, is strengthening the Confederacy
and prolonging the war. Herein, sir, is
where they find strength; the true friends
of the Confederacy in. the North are the
Radical Abolitionists, and the Radical press
goading on the.Presidoint to issue procla
mations and military orders which provide
food, raiment, strength and support forthe
Confederacy.
If Mr. Lincoln bad madea gift of millions
of greenbacks to Jeffera nn Davis to be used
as bounty money in recruiting the’Confed
erate aruvf, he coul.l nut "have done better
service to the cause of the South than'he
has done by this silly, alourd and insulting
Amnesty Proclamation,, and his equally
absurd attempt to create Stale Govern
ments by dictatorial power.
He has in effect Said to tho Southern
people: “ You shall not return to the Union
except under such local governm*7hts as I
and my military qfficers dictate,” and witfi
the aid of his friends in Congre.^s, he. is-
enabled to add, “in the event of your sab-
. mission.and return, your estates shall be
confiscated; your property, personal and
rial, shall be taken from you; your children
shall be disinherited and; left homeless and
penniless to starve, under the scorn and
hatred of Northern fanatics^ your lands
and manor houses shall be parcelled out
among our retainers; the negro (Freed-
men) and the adventurer shall sit and rule
at your hearthstones, and you—beggars
and outcasts—shall be forbidden repre
sentation in our national councils, and be
shot forever from offices of trust and hon
or.” Such is the language in which Lincoln
and this Congress and the preceding Con.
gress have spoken and are speaking to the
people of the South—and now, sir, with
such a prospect before them is the sequel
of submission, outlawry, distn.nohisement,
social, moral and political degradation,
penury for themselves and tboir children,
decreed as their portion-, will they thitfw
down their arms and submit to the terms?
Who shall believe that the free, prbu<(
American blood which courses with as
' quick pulsation through cheir veins as our
own, will be spilled to the last drop in re-
sistancc ? ■ This is the source, sir, from
whence comes encouragement, strength,
support aud sustenance tor the Confeder
ates; herein lies the secret of the unity of
tbeir action, the prolongation of the con
test and the desperation of the conflict
produced, not by anything said, or mea
sures proposed by gentlemen upon this
side oT the House, or by any measures pro- ‘
posed or policy advocated by the Demo
cratic party, but by the acts of the gentle-*
men who make th^charges, and the Presi
dent and his ' military commanders, who
issuo the proclamation and military orders.
CAN WAR RESTORE THE UNION ?
Mr. Chairman, I have deemed it proper
thus to advert to the charges of encourage
ment to the Confederates so repeatedly
made upon, this floor, aud I again recur to
the consideration of the Union. Can the
Union be restored by war? I answer
most unhesitatingly and deliberately, no,
never : “ war is final, eternal separation.”
My first and highest ground of opposition
lo its further prosecution is that it is wrong;
it is in violation of the Constitution and of
the fundamental principle on which the
Federal Union was founded. My second
objection is that as & policy it is not re
constructive but destructive, and will, if
^ continued, result speedily in the destruc
tion of the Government and the lose of
civil liberty to both North and South, and
it onght'thereforo immediately cease.
£ Hero Mr. Long reviews at greatlength
the views and opinions cniert&ind, previous
to this war, by some of the greatest states
men of the country, living and dead, upon
the right as Well as the es pediency of co
ercing any State into submission. . It is
not necessary to follow him in this part of
his speech. Returning to iho subject of
Iho war, ho continues:]
WHAT T§E WAR HAS TAUGHT.
Three years’ experidnee in attempting
“ numerical preponderance and military
prowess of one section exerted to coerce
the other^Rto submission,” has convinced
mb moi® thoroughly that it is “as self-
con trail dory as it is daogeious”—contra
dictory because it violates the great princi
ples of free government, which “derive
j their just powers From the. consent of the
governedand dangerous because, by .Up
exercise, especially when wielded by a
weak, va&ftllating and unscrupulous man,
War destroys, instead of maintaining the
Union, Constitutiop, and organic law;
civil liberty-and personal security are
forced to yield to wnat.ls claimed to be a
military hecessify, and the Government
itself, in the brief period of three short
years, is to-day verging on the very brink
of ruin; ' ^ ^
i am well awkr®, sir, that the cry
eiana and Arkansas,,
in pursuance 1
l!g&
dnsti
and by vi
m ns a Ma
«r
disloyalty, want of patriottsm and lack of
devotion to the Government which is in
every place and at all times raised against
those w.ho have the indepen 1 cheer to dfs.
approve of any of the acts of Mr.- Lincolln,
as well as an inordinate desire for Govern
ment patronage, Irora the building of a
steamship and a shoddy contract, down-to
the Insignificant position of f
ofa mutilated and d<
in theTxeasdry Bui
opinion of tnuny men, "but the fixed
pies of free Government os well os th
of right, reason^ justice and truth ape
changeable! and, although it tn
; ahd even at the* risk \ ,
ittof
siess eternal
.nWfttk (»it f r* e u \t e
HI3 WA!tV ‘
acknowledged lender of the Administration
party, has had the honesty and indepen
dence, in a speech delivered at ail early
part of the session, to anno unce w hat he
holds to be the true position of the Con
federate States. He says:
, “ Some think that these States aro still
in the Union and entitled to the protection
of the Constitution and the laws of the
United States.”^
This idea he at once repudiates, and
then boldly affirms that which heholdstobe
the true doolrine.
. “Others hold that having committed
treason,-renouncedAheir allegiance to the
Union, disoardod the Constitution and
laws, organised a distinct and hostile Go-
werumentj and by force of arms have risen
from the condition of insurgents to the
position of an independent power de facto ;
find having, been acknowledged as a bel
ligerent both by foreign nations and our
own government, the Constitution and the
Union are abrogated, so far as they are
concerned, aud that as between the two
belligerents they are under the laws of
war and the laws of nations alone, atid that;
whichever power conquers may treat the
vanquished os conquered* provinces, aud-
may impose upon , them such conditions
and laws as it may deem best.”
Iu answer to any objections that may
be raised to this position, he says:
“ But it is said that this muBt be consider
ed a contest with rebel individuals only,
as States in the Union cannot make war;
that is true so long as they remain in the
Union; but they claim to be out of tfee
Union, and the very fact that we have ad
mitted them to be in a state of war, to bo
belligerents, shows that they are no longer
in the Union, and that they are waging
war in their corporate capacity, under the
corporate name of tho Confederate S tat os,
and that such major corporation is com
posed of minor corporations called States,
acting in their associated character.
“ When an insuvrection becomes suffi
ciently formidable to entitle the party to
belligerent rights, i t place* the contending
parties on precisely the same footing as
foreign nations at jvar with each Other.
“ No one acquainted with the magnitude *
of this contest can deny to it the character
of a ci vil war. For nearly three years the
Confederate States have maintained their
^declaration ot independence by force of
arms.
“ W"hat, then, is the effect of this public
war between these belligerents, thq§o for
eign nations ? Before this war the parties
were bound together by a compact, by &
treaty called a “ Constitution ” They ac
knowleflged.the validity of municipal lawn
mutually binding on each. This war has
cut asunder all these ligaments, abrogated
all the obligatione^** —
Now, sir, for one, at least, 1 agree with
the distinguished gentleman from Penn
sylvania, that tho Confederate States are
out of tlie Union, occupying the position
of an independent power de facto; have
been acknowledged as a belligerent, both
by foreign nations and our own Govern
ment; maintained tbeir declaration of in
dependence for three years, by force of
arms, and that tho war has cu« asunder all
' the ligaments and abrogated all the obli
gations that bound them under tfie Con
stitution.
So far I agree with him, and however
unwilling we may be to accept such posi
tion as the actual condition of the Confed
erate States, the history of the past three
years, the law of nations, the genius of our
government, and a regard for truth, com
pel me at least to accept it, and my judg
ment to approve.it, and it the charge* of
disloyalty is brought against mo foy this
opinion, I have only to shield myself under
the broad mantle of the distinguished Read
er of the Republican party. At tbo eom-
mencementof the war, England and France
both declared' the Confederate States to be
belligerents; tho United States baa treated
with them as such in the exchange of
prisoners,and the Administration is to-day^
without the honesty or independence of tbo
gentleman from Peensylvania to avow it r
doing what ho proposes to do under bis
war of conquest, waged against the Con
federate States as a foreign nation.
It is not now evem pretended that the
war, is carried On having for its object the
restoration of the Union: “reconstruction,”
“consolidation,” “centralization,” “with
an-bntire change in the Constitution,” are
the terrarf employed in speaking of the go
vernment that is to exist hereafter. To
speak of the Constitution as it is, and the
Union as it was, is an offence, subjecting
an officer in the army to punishment by
dismissal from the service, and conclusive
evidence of disloyalty in the oitizon.
If the time ever was when the Union
could bavo been restored by war, which I
do not believe, it has long since been dis
pelled by emancipation, confiscation, am
nesty and the like proclamations; military
orders annulling State constitutions, set
ting aside State laws, obliterating State
lines and attempting tofcrganize and set
up a form of State Government in their
stead, in which one man out of ten who
shall turn Abolitionist, lake and subscribe
an oath to execute and obey the will of
Abraham Lincoln,” whatever it may be,
shall govern and rule over the remaining
nine who.Tetuse to become * * ’* *' * ‘
These follies of the i
others of tl»e like chan
ifng the Tobel
er Union
the
WHAT
'.i
i Tho diati
sylvatiia (Ali*. a
this fluor and
it'.omaa from Penn-
who '.Hands upon
the country as an
, ■ -..*^- .. . ^ .j.* *.».
flliillilj
:TS**;- - • 'n.. .■> ^ .>• - »•
the time being, to save himself, save bis
family and'snve his property, may, take
the oath, but the effect of it will be, as it
ought tu be, like that of Gallileo, who
invented tbo telescope, and wbofirst taught
the nitary motion of the earth. That no-'
ble bid Italian, after, in any years’of la
bor in the study of-science, and when he
had advanced to the extreme ago ofseven-
ty, was summoned before ao inquisition,
tried, condemned and . imprisoned in a
dungeon for teaching a heresy ; subsequent
ly he was brought out and' oftoreA liberty
on Condition of renouncing his heretical
doctrine.
The effect of beholding the glorious light
of the sun and breathing again the pure
air of Heaven, as contrasted with the loath
some dungeon in which he had been cast, .
and to whtch he must return,or renounce
his belief in the earth’s motion, so far over
came his humanity that, ho consented tc
comply, and upon his bended; knees, with
bis hands upon the gospels, he abjured his
belief in tbs Copernioan doctrine. IJartof
his objuration ran in these terms: “With
a sincere heart and-unfeigned faith, 1 ab
jure, curse and detest the said errors and
heresies, (viz: that the earth moves, Ac.)
Is wear th4t I will never in future say or
assert anything verbally or in writing^
which may giv^-ise to a similar suspicion
against me ” Rising from his knees, with
his eyes still fixed On the earth, he whis
pered to a friend, “ Epur si muove.” “It
moves for all that.” 0o it wilt be with the
man who is forced to take the oath to save
himself, his family and his property.
Ho may take it, but in bis heart be will
detest and despise the authority that re
quires it. Will bnch a man be devoted to
or make a good citizen of the government
in which he lives ? The history of Poland,
of Hungary s of Ireland and of Italy, fur
nishes an answer to the question. If Im
perial governments are not able to hold in
submissive obedience small portions of a
vast empire, onoe in revolt, how much less
a government having for Its basis the con
sent of the governed. ~
THE ORY O* “ SUBJUGATION”—WHAT - ARE
THE TEACHINGS OF* EXPERIENCE.
Bat “ subjugation” is the-watchword.—
Liberty and freedom for the slave aud sub
jugation and extermination for the toas
ter is tbo popular cry. Meet them, fight
them, crush them, saystlio gentleman from.
Kentucky, (Mr. Green Clay Smith.)
.Sir, that, is easily said upon this' floor,
and is popular with those who, from day
to day, till the gallery of this House, but
even the gentleman from Kentucky ns well
as u nuraber of other military gentlemen/
wore quite willing to forego'the pleasure
of the performance and exchange their
commissions as generals in the Sold for a
certificate entitling them to a seat upon
this floor ; and were I to judge by the will
ingness with which it was di>ne, mnd the
tenacity with which they hold on to it,
and the efforts some of them are making
to return hone again, instead of the war
spirit they breathe within, these walla I
should strongly sjuHpect them of being in
sympathy with.the peace party;
Mr. Chairman, I am tio military man,,
and therefore inuompeteat to give advice
or advance an opinion in military affairs,
but I have been often forcibly struck by a
remark of Marshal it«y, in reply to* Na
poleon, as related iy Headly in his “ Na
poleon and his Marshal^:” “ One day, at
Madrid, Napoleon entered tbo room where
Ney and several officers wero standing,
and said in great glee, everything goes on
well; Romans will be reduced in.a fort
night; the English, are defeated and. will
' be unsble to advance; in three months the
war will be finished.”
The officers to whom this was addressed
made no reply, but Ney, shaking bis head,
said,with his characteristic bluntness, “Sir,
this war has lasted long already, and our
affairs are not improved. The people are
obstinate; evqa their women aad chil
dren fight; they massacre our men ip de^
r* tail. To-day we cut the enemy in.pieces^
to raoriow we have, to oppose another
twice as numerous. It is not an army wo
have to fight, it is a whole .nation. I soo
no end to this basin ess.” “ Bonmiarte fol
lowed his own inclinations, and w®seventu
ally defeated.”
Mr. Chairman, is there not instruction
in the blunt yet forcible reply of the old
French Marshal to his superior officer for
us t Have we not bad, from time.to time,
the predictions ofNapoleon during the past
three years, but without a Marshal Ney .to
say, “Iseeqoend to this bumness.”
[ Here Mr. JDong argues, at some length
to show that the North was inconsistent
with all her former acts and the declara
tions of her most prominent men, i.o not
permitting the Southern States to with.-
draw in peace. He calls to mind that even
as bite as December, 1860, after Mr. Lin
coln was eleoted, and after th? prelimina
ry steps for secession bad been taken- the
paper having the largest circulation in tho
Republican party, and basing wore influ^
ence than any other in the formation of
Republican‘opinion, [New York Tribune]
declared that it could soo no reason why,
if three millions of colonists could seaprate
from, the British Crown in 1776, that five
millions of Southerners could not separa te
rth in 1861.
shows from history that there never
e on tho face of the earth that
independent government.
