The Southern watchman. (Athens, Ga.) 1854-1882, August 24, 1864, Image 1

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Newspaper Page TextBy John H. Christy, NUMBER n In no case, whatever should a horse ora mule bo left any where in reach of the ene my, They always look for these first, and take every one able to travel three miles. Besides the securing this property to the owner, it will prevent the raiders from remounting themselves. Their horses con stantly and at all points along the road break down, and in the event ofa failure to secure a fresh animal, they must sur render or force the command to relax its speed in order to alluw them to keep up on foot. A raid can be defeated in this .way alone. No matter how fast it travels news of its coming, always precedes it, and he who would mount his horse aud run ahead, notitiying the citizens and the mili tary’- of the rpproaeb of these bands of marauders would deserve the thanks of his country.—Macon Confederacy: the southern watchman, TERMS. THP.EE DOLLARS FOB THREE MOS. STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. ADVERTISING. Trashiest Ar*v krtisixg—100 words, or ten lines, or less, t-udi insertion $2.00 Lko a i, AdVertisisS—CiUtiong for letters of ad min Utrutiou l»y Ailmiuistrsitore, Exceutors, ttuurdlwis, .ke ..... • 5.50 Application for Dismission from Administration. 9.00 '• « •• Ounrd'mnship.... Application for leave to sell Land or Negroes..,. Notion t) debtors and creditors - Sales of personal or perishable property, (pur square of ten lines) Sale; of LumUvud Negroa*, pur square of ten linos Each Sl.orHT# Levy, of ton linos or loss E tch MtatRage sale, of ten lines or less All a. vertismients by Sheriffs axcccding ten lines to ho charged in proportion FoitcInsure of Mortgage and other J[outlay ad- vertu'ements, per square of ten lines Rslii.blisl.iug lost papers, per square of ton lines. },\.r a man advertising his wifc-(it» adiftnce) lC.00 Notieu of Candidate,s, Editorial notices for individual benef.t nud Obituary and Marriage notices, Tributes of Kesp-jct. Aci, .charged tie same as transieutadrertisiug, nail huint a5*"o 'iitc/y.4e fniid in adcauoe. 6.50 5.50 6.50 4.00 10.00 2.50 6.00 2.00 M0 f fleet BgisteUano. STATESMANSHIP AND TUB SWOUD. These «ie T\ie grand agencies that shape tho destinies of nations. That settle their dissensions and give direction to the cur rent of human history. The warrior ard- the statesman are the architects or destroy ers of nations. The magicians who rear the fabrics of Unman power and glory, or level institutions in the dust. The arbiters of international quarrels; the authors and pacificators of international strifes. The master spirits whose genius or valor moulds the destinies of the human race. Like the volcanic forces which, in the remote geological periods determined the physical 'Configuration of t he earth’s sur face, upheaving its vast mountain chains, and scooping out the channels of mighty rivers, n&jjtho great landmarks of nations, wars are hut the social convulsions which adjust the political divisions of mankind, and, in the course of ages, wholly change the political map of the globe. How much h ive the destinies of the world been affect ed by its decisive battles? The batllo of Arbela demolished at one stroke the vast and splendid fabric of the Persian empire, m.red by the genius of Cyrus, and entirely revolutionized the political structure of Asia. The battle of Hastings prostrated Britain at the feet of the Norman, and gave an impress to her character, her •in stitutions and social condition, which has been feit through all tho ages of her subse quenl eventful history, and is still visible in t he structure ot her society and govern merit, and in the splendor of her civilization and empire. But equally has statesmanship influenced the character and fate of uatiuns, and left its lasting impress on human affairs. It was the statesmanship of a Richelieu which inaugurated the policy that converted the Gove.v>ment into an absolute Monarchy’, and resulted in tho catastrophe of the re volution. He it was that first tamed the turbulent spirit of tho haughty Barons, who afterwards became the satelites and minions of a court, so odiou*Lto the French people for its corruption and tyran.<y, that, i in their wrath, they Scattered it to-the four winds of Heaven. It was the states- j manshift of a Pitt, equally wuh tho goner- | albiiip ox a Wellington, that curbed tho I vaulting ambition m Napoleon, wresting j tho sceptre of empire from his' grasp, and chained him, Prometheus like, to a lonely’ reck, lushed by the reproachful waves of the melancholy and moaning sea, to be torn by the vultures of mighty but disap pointed passions. War, in tiiis land, has “yoked her red dragons -is* lief iron car." A war tho most stupendous and destructive of modern times has shaken the continent, bus up heaved the foundations of a Government, and violently and foroverdisrupted aUnion* vainly imagined to be enduring as time itself. M ghty armies, surpassing in num bers and martial spirit tho boasted avmie9 of the old world, have met in the shook of a hundred battles. Rivers of blood have flowed, and counties* hdcatomb* of human victims have been offered on the bloody ah sir of Mars. The sword has done it* work. Nothing mortis to be accomplish ed by a continuance of the torrific strife, but furiher destruction and ruin. The Sout h, at, the close of the fourth campaign; is uuconquei able; and the North no nearer the consummation of her scheme of suqju- gavinn than wiien she began the contest. Both nations, reeling apd exhausted from the enormous expenditure oj r blood and treasure, need repose, aod should seek a cessation of hostilities. We have already hud a twenty yoftrs’ war, if we compare it with xvars before the age of railroads and at3arnbunts, and measure it.by its vast ex penditures of blood and treasure, tho mag nitude of the debts created and tlio number Of fives sacrificed. The time for statesmanship has arrived; when diplomacy, the great adjuster and pacificator of the relations and quarrels.of uxuious, should call into requisition all its subtle arts and versatile resources, to sot* tie a controversy otherwise in terminable. Bit the occasion demands statesmanship of a high order—broad, dispassionate and enlightened. Narrow bigotry, fierce fa naticism, and obstinate prejudice are out of place! Only -statesmen of tho most on larged and enligh tened views, and who can rise above the influence of passion, are fit to copo with the mighty problems to be * solved, d V-• Never, perhaps, ?j» the whole history of diplomacy, was-'-- 1 -■ — *“* presoottu: ' confront each othor as hostile and inde pendent nations. Rare skill, and a justice, moderation and wisdom, seldom found, are required to properly adjust their novel relations. Questions of boundary, of navi- giitjon of rivers through the territories of Doth, of international commerce and com- l *y» have to be settled, which will severely try the most ekillful diplomacy, and the temperi>fb«th parties. Upon the right settlement of these complex questions will depend the future peace :md prosperity of both 'nations. It is only- by invoking a spirit of compromise, magnanimity, and forbearance that they can over be satisfac torily determined. The statesmanship of the South, ever superior and predominant in the old Union, is doubtless equal to the occasion. But oQ'lhe other side there is a lack of statesmanship, of all moderation, wisdom and dignity. We can expect but little from the blind fanaticism, unreasoning folly, and haughty arrogance of the Lincoln administration. Our .only hope is in a change of rulers. There are statesman in tho ranks of the opposition—men like Pierce, Seymour of Connecticut, and Yal- landigham—who have sjood aloof from the War and its unparuleiieJ iniquities,upon whose fairness; moderation and good sense we could rely for a just and satisfactory .lOttlement of the subjects in controversy. To their accession to power, we look for a termination of the war, and a settlement qf our troubles.—Chron. <f? Sent. PEACE DISCUSSION. We regard all discussions ou our part of prospective terms of peace between the Confederate and the United S»ates, at the present lime, as misplaced, if not positively hurtful. This is the time for war, not peace. “ War to the knife, aud the knife to the hilt,” is tho groat business of the hour, which should command all our thoughts and all our efforts. There can be no'peace until that is over, and no peace honorable and just lousevcii at its close, except it be won by such signal overthrow and punish ment of tne ohemy as willi leave him in a condition to ruuko poaco desirable on any reasonable terms -we may propose. Pro positions coming from us now will only be construed into approaching exhaustion, and a willingness to be lot go on any terms short of life itself; whilst discussions of tho subject by the newspapers are only equalled by propositions from a gallant re garding the marriage settlement before his fair inamorata has given the slightest evi dence of an intention to marry at all. There is a time for everything, and this is tho lime for war. The party who made the war is the only party that can stop it. The South is completely subject in this matter to the will oi -the North. . When they stop fighting, we shall cease* too, for we only tight because they attack us. They have only to retire from the borders to their own country, and all will be well for both, for wo have no desire to follow them, or iu any way interfere with their government or people. Should wo >stop first, a very different result will obtain; it has been shadowed forth in proclamations and edicts often and over again, thundered in our ears daiiy by their President, their Congress, and their Press, for nearly four years—it is found in the words, chains and slavery to us and our children for generations and ages to come. As between extermination and such a fate, the freemen of the South will never hesitate to choose. But whilst wo deprecate discussions of tho toruH of peace by our Press, and all serious overtures from Grove-ament at this present juncture of affairs, we do not mean to say that diplomacy should be wholly wot aside m bringing hostilities to a close, or that any overture coinir.g from tho ene my with apparent sincerity, should not be met with a corresponding sentiment of ac commodation on our part.. Tho Richmond Sentinel, which .is supposed to reflect,.at least in some degree, the sentiments and policy of the Administration, has recently given publication to several articles of this character, called forth by certan unusually liberal remarks iu the Washington Chron icle. Tbo Sentinel makes no direct propo sition regarding terms of peace that can be construed as binding either on itself or the government, but simply throws out certain hypothesis as subjets for consider. ation on the part of both belligeronts. The articles were wholly diplomatic, and origi nated, as any well balanced mind would Bee at a glance, in the very best and most patriotio motives. .It is believed by many wise men that the war once stopped and negotiations for peace begun, the formor can never be revived, even though the terms of settlement demanded by the South may not he wholly acceptable to tho present government-at Washington—r;t6at' it to db what is patriotio motives that the Editor of the Sentinel—a man who has given up every thing in this war, aod whose soul is as true to the cause as the needle to the pole, is denounced as a betrayer of his country by men no truer find not half so wise as himself. It was thus also that Senator Hill met a similar fate from the same . inconsiderate and reckless hands a few months ago, when ho published :.he only speech made by a Southern states man with the express view of meeting half way aod holding up the arms of the noble men at the North who have never yet countenanced this unholy crusade against their Southern brethren, ami whose whole energies have been employed for the over throw of the guilty authors of tho war. This is a sad period of our history, and troubles, national and individual, encom pass us on every aide. Then let us banish sirildand harsh judgment from amongst us. We are all in pursuit of one object and must share a common fate, be it. weal orwae; certainly, then, though differing on mir-or points, we might fester harmony, at least a spirit of toloratfon, for ti e public good. We not only offend honor and truth by an act of justice, but appear ridiculous, and hateful, when we attempt to hold up to public odium names that everybody knows are as honest and as pure as our own.—Sa vannah. Republican. The Naval Engagement In Mobile Baj. A correspondent of the Mobile Adver tiser, an “ officer of-the Morgan,” gives some interesting particular,* of the naval engagement 'in the bay before that city : At 6 o’clock on the morning of tho 5th, the enemy’s fleet was observed in line of battle coming slowly over the bar, the mon itor^, which were already inside, at the same lime moving up to a position in line. As they came up, the iron-clada, owing to lack ot speed, gradually lost their posi tion ahead, and dropped ofi to the west ward, but tbe wooden ships, the Richmond at their head, came on iu unbroken line, and preserving the same rate of speed throughout. At near 7 o’clock the fort opened on them, while the Morgan, the Gaines and the Salem, in the. order in which they are named, turned their prows to the westward and spread themselves in nn oblique lino across tho channel for the same purpose. On came the immense ships of the enemy right past the fort without slacking their speed or disturbing their order of battle, and it was then that we first discovered that each of the. large ships had a smaller vessel lashed alongside of her opposite to the fort, and that their sides wore protected by chains a la Kearsage. As the enemy cumo within range our little squadron opened on them and the engagement soon became general. The Tennessee bestowed her attention on each one as they passed, and at last steered right into the middle of them, while tho three other vessels devoted themselves to the- Richtnond and Hartford, which was th6 second ship in tbe line. It was-at this moment, during the pro cess of Btraighlomug up in a line parallel to that of the enemy that the Selina shot ahead, leaving us in the centre, with the Gaines on our starboard quarter. Broad- sido after broadside did we pour iolo' the Hartford as we ran along on the starboard bow at a distance of five hundred yards, and thick and fast burst the shells around and over us, while showers of grape lashed the water iu every direction and embedded themselves in tbe ship’s side, and yet, strange to say, we were nut materially in jured, and sill! more miraculous, there was not a life lost. Our safety lay principally in the fact of oar occupying a position so much ahead of tbe enemy that he was unable to train his guns upon us, while the Gaines received his whole broadside. _ . After this running fight had been kept up some time, the Gaines was observed to round to and head for tho fort, and. the Richmond casting off tbe double ender which bad boon lashed alongside of her, the latter passed ahead and came in be tween us and the Selma. In doing this she detached herself from the rest of the fleet, and stood to the east ward, so as to completely cut off the Selma, seeing which we immediately left the Hart ford and steered on a course parallel to hers at a f.horl distance, tbe Selma pur suing a like course on the other side of her. Together, I have no doubt we damaged her considerably, and eventually might have snuk her, but unfortunately the Mor gan ran aground, and the doub'e-onder then gave her whole attent ion to (he Selma, and being a very fast vessel,she wusenabied to choose her own position and rake her opponent fore and aft. In the meantime one of the enemy’s monitors was sunk by a t orpedo, and the Others attempted to get bet ween.the Ten- I After running the gauntlet of tbe whole Yankee fleet, and being chased and fired , at successively by two monitors and two double enders from* Fort Morgan to. Dog River bar, we reached the obstructions iu safety, having received but one shot during tbe chase. Rapid Marches. A standard writer on the Military Art states that, as a general rule, troops march ing for many days in succession, will move •at the rate of from fifteen to twenty miles per day. In forced inarches, or :iu pursuit of a flying enemy, they will average from twenty to twenty-five miles per day; and for ouly two or three days successively, with favorable roads,.,thirty miles per day may be calculated on. The author men tions the - following instances of rapid marches: The Roman infantry, in Scipio’s African campaigns, frequently marched twenty miles in five hours, each soldier carrying from fifty to eighty pounds of baggage. Septimus Severus marched from Vienna to Rome, a distance of eight hundred miles, in forty days. Caesar marched front Rome to the Sierra Morena, in Spain, a distance of four hundred and fifty leagues in twenty- three days. The French, for general activity during a campaign, have no rivals. In 1797, Na poleon, in less than four, days, marched near fifty leagues, fought three battles, and captured more than twenty thousand prisoners. In the campaign of 1800, Macdonald, wishing to prevent tho escape of Loudon, marched, »u a single day, forty miles, cross ing rivers and climbing mountains aod glaciers. . In 1805, the French infantry, pursuing tho Archduke Ferdinand in his retreat from Uim, marched thirty miles a day in terrible weather, and over roads almo3t impassable for artillory. In the campaign of 1806, the French infantry pursued the Russians at the rate of from twenty-five to thirty miles per day. Napoleon mat ch ed fifty thousand men from Madrid to As- torga, nearly twenty-five miles a day for ten days, through deep snows, adross high mountains,and rivers swollen by tho winter rains. In 1812, the French forces under Clause!; after tremendous efforts at the battle of Salamanca, retreated forty miles in a little less than twelve hours. In 1814, Napoleon rrrarohed at tho rate of ton leagues a .day, fighting a battio be sides, every twenty-four hours. Hastening to the succor of Paris, he marched seventy miles in thirty-six hours. On his return from Elba, in 1815, his guards marched fifty miles the first day after landing; then traversed two hundred miles of a rough and mpantainous country iu six days, and reached Paris, a distance of six hundred miles, in less than twenty days. In 1809, on the day after the battle of Talavera, the English. General Crawford, fearing that Wellington was hard pressed, marched thren thousand men sixty-two mile3 in twenty-six hours. A Spanish re giment once marched fifty miles in twenty- one hours. - The author states that though cavalry, for a single day, will march a greater dis tance than infantry, for a campaign of several days or months infantry will march over the moat ground. Tbe cavalry of Murat displayed wonderful activity, aid occasionally the English cavalry. In 1803, Wellington’s cavalry in India marched sixty milesin thirty-two hours.. Thenvireh of tho English cavalry, under Lord L ike, before the battle of Furmchabad, surpasses any achievement of the Romans or the French. He is said to have marched seven ty miles in twenty-fomr. hours. the people will compel right, or take the matter in theirown hands. It is for tiiis reason, possibly, that tho Sen- tiriel, and we may add some of our most far nessee and the rest of their fleet, and being tiens, as ■icrit. »J Public oi in an V so complex quea est Ue, CM seeing statesmen, aro willing to set forth propositions- as matters for negotiation* when they woald be among the last to make a concession that is dishonorable or injurious to thoircountry. And yot*those abstract propositions set forth to advance the cause of otor friends and the friends of peace at the North are never made without arousing the patriotic jealousy and indignation of the whole tribe of radical, hotheaded, Ik-bin Hood politi cians of the South, who have no discretion of their own, and look upon discretion in others asa tori me. They havo erected thoir own ultraism as a standard arid everybody must conform to it or be either a traitor or a knave. ..Men as patriotio as themselves, and who have done and suffered ten times as"much in tho cause ofHouthern independ ence, aro stigmatized and denonneed, not for a di ffore u co of princi pie much faster than her they partially suc ceeded. Of the further movements of the Tennessee I cannot speak with any cer tainty, as a severe rainstorm burst over us just after the Richmond cast ofif tho « doable ender,” which entirely concealed the fleet. . . When we got afloat agaiin we wore about to proceed again to the assistance olf the Selma, when we observed that she hud al ready hauled down her colors. We then steamed down to assist the Gaines, but as we approached it was fo und that she had been beached to prevent her sinking, and ' ra and crew wens already that her leaving her. ^]*l^5*»*-V^>335' ■ It was then that we boarded and burned the Philippi, and on our, return, finding IN' TIME 0 k RAIDS. When news of a coming raid is received either by planters, or citizuns of a village, the household and. the plantation should be placed in perfect order. In the first place, trust no species of property nor any information of its concealment, to the most trusty of trusty servants. The aldest and most faithful of them will havo tho secret wrung from them by threats or by cunning device, or by bribery. All these are brought to bear upon the. untutored negro, and not one in a thousand will fail to be tray their master. Stock ot all kinds, and especiallyJhorses; ehoald he moved far away from the neigh borhood. They should be placed under charge of a white man, assisted by sueh negro men and negro boys as ma}’ be on the place, and sent to the right or left-, or straight in front of the line the raid is trav eling. Nothing shoulld be told the negroes either concerning the raid or your own intentions. Negro women and children should bo left in their cabins. All money, jewels, plate, important pa- pore, watches, spoons,, etc., should be Avitb- druwn from the h jnso at the dead hour of night, taken far iot-o the woods, buried and every trace of them blotted out. The greatest precaution should bo observed not to let any negro see this transaction. It would be well enough to load the wagons with meat and send them off to secure places. If this cannot he done, the meat may be taken to the woods and con cealed. When a wagon, buggy, carriage or cast cannot be removed, one of their wheels should either be hid away or broken on the spot. It is better to lose that the simply of jud looking to the mrieasoe had nurrondar * ’iq,Wharf and began ! • to attempt the At 11:30 P.F ad with all jo of rht. points en o nary -1-1-- - BHS the whole vehicle. one \yheol than Fine- articles of cloth ing, both male' and female, blankets and quilts, should, be buried either beuexfth the. earth, in the cellar dr in the wood*, al ways taking care to let no. negro know where they are put. m At least ' - should’romain ouso Arhen of e- m j* About Moths. n Naturalists tell us that the moth is the larva of a family of insects called Tines. Its winged life begins in the spring, and lasts only a few months. It is small, and of a light brown color. After fluttering around lor a short time, it finds a male, when the happy pair go to housekeeping and to build up a family. The female creeps into cracks and crevices, into clos ets and clothes presses, under the edges ot carpets, wherever woollens or furs aro stored away, and there she lava her eggs. The parents soon die. In a fortnight the eggs hatch out into light colored caterpillars about a quarter or half an inch long. They begin to gnaw upon whatever they find to make a nest of. It is in doing this that so much upholstering, and so many furs are punctured. In winter they lie torpid. In spring the chrysallis give birth to wipged insects, which again begins tho circle of pairing and egg laying as its parents had donejiofore. Now, as the moths lay eggs mostly in juiio, that evidently ja.the best time for nuking an onslaught upon tho n. Take out.every article of woolen or fur, give a thorough shaking and whipping, a long exposure to the hot sun; if practicable, and another dressing with the switch be fore storing them. Put. salt and Scotch snuff under the edges oftho carpets. Fumi gate tho closets and drawers with tobacco. On returning the articles to their pkices, put small branches of cedar or distribute little fragments of camphor among them —English Paper. . . .. . A Strange Freak. Soverrl years ago we knew a little fellow in Crawford Ala., wh» was some twenty- five or thirty-five years of age, but a perfect boy in appearance, size and weight—not- weighing more than about seventy-five or eighty pounds. lie was tho mostjeadaver- o’us looking individual we ever saw, and his voice was a? effeminate as a girl of twelve years. ’ A few days ago wo were accosted on the road by a largo man, weigh ing one hundred and eighty pounds, and finding that wo did uot remember him, he asked us if we did not recollect little Jim, staling i)hat he was that individual. He said ho coimneneed growing again at the age of thirty years, and grew slowly for three years, at which time he entered the army and grew more the first year of the war than he had done the whole of his life before. He is now thirty-six yours of age, and is a scout, robust man. Ho has never had a sign of hair-on his face until the last fow months, and be bids fair to sport a heavy pair of whiskers in a little while. How is this strange freak of nature to be accounted for ? It at the age of thirty six years ha has barely reached manhood's state, we would judge that Jim Yvould give Father Methuselah a race for old age be fore lie becomes a very old maa.—Colum bus Enquirer. Keeping Down the Prices.—The Vir ginia papers have of late teemed with com plaints of tho schedule of prices established by tho Board of Commissioners appointed to regulate impressments in that State. The farmers and producers themselves patriotically came forwaid and denounced thg rates of the schedule as altogether too high, and insisted upon**a revision of tho prices fixed. The result is given in the following interesting extract from a letter from Secretary Trenholm, dated July 31st, and received by oa« of oar citizens on Saturday last: “You will be glad to hear that the com- missioiiers for this State (Virginia) came together to-day, and very patriotically de termined to put wheat down to $7 50 per bushel (from 30) for August, and $4 for September, and so on. In this they are backed by the whole country. The-farm- ers held meetings every -where and de nounced the July schedule. Do have this reduction noticed in the Mercury and Courier, 1 suggesting to, and urging tho commissioners and farmers elsewhere to follow this examplo; §2 per' bushel for wheat, and $1 for corn, in other States, wouid not be any loAver than tho rates-paid here are for Virginia, under ex* isting circumstances. . — 1 —r —— Retiring the CoaRRsOTr:—The last oper ation «f this kind, we loarn from soldiers from the battlefield in Jones county. \Vberi Stoneinan surrendered, bis soldiers had large amounts of Confederate money which they bad plundered. This they tore into fragments and scattered, so that they could not. again bo united. It was their opinion that “a wagon load” of tbe ‘‘retired fragments. could have been gathered np, butTalf utterly worthless. Large amouaUol other plunder, such an coin, watches, jewelry, silver plate, &c., was taken from them, and it is said that on their chief Surgeon, a set of silver spoofis was Lid oehind the Huh»g : - They also murdered many “ * horse* to p&vent them oar.hands. Some, tially cut, hav( covered. ; ;*-• ■ rV'*- ' .i •, .'•» - -I • — were par- curo of aad Vi*>

Georgia Historic Newspapers

The Southern watchman. (Athens, Ga.) 1854-1882, August 24, 1864, Image 1