Newspaper Page Text
w
PUBLISHED WEEKLY, )
13V JOHN H. CHRISTY, f
i.'ii(tur uiid Proprl*tor» '
pEVOTED TO p EWS| pOLITICS AND pENE^AL j-^ROGF^ESS. J NDEPENDENT IN ^ITJL ^HINGS.
S TEKIZES.
$2.00 PER ANNUM,
PAYABLE IB A9YABCB.
VOLUME XX.
ATHENS, GA.—"WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4,1874.
NUMBER 48.
The Southern Watchman.
pBI ,>UE1* KVEUV WEDNESDAY MORNING.
■urr of Hwad and Hall Streets, (upstairs.)
TEHMS.
Tiro Dollars per annum,
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
ADVEKTISINCt.
i lr«rti*«*>uentE will beinnorted at ONE DOLLAR
vt\ i'IFTV OKN’TS p*rsquare for the first inter-
ini *KVKNTY-FIVK CENTS per square for
oiinu%Mce. f<»r anv time under one month. For
Vt'rZ'ri' I*. follows :
D uV _ . ,1 ift hiotlon on yearly idvertisements.
\ li
Sheriff *
LK<»AL ADVERTISING .
i&!m, per levy of 10 lines $500
m-»rtg*f* sa\e«. $0 days 5.00
lnr«. Hy-Admini^traiorf. Executors, or
, IM.
a.50
f \ iminislration or Guardianship 4.00
and Creditors 5.00
:are, each insertion 1.50
II R-:tl Rotate 4.00
licnij.*i'>n of Administrator 5.00
,f Guardian 5.25
nin the* number of square* in an adverti*©-
t i trr, *onnt the words—one hundred being
line*. Ml r raction* aro counted as fnll
JFESSIOM AND BUSINESS CARDS.
MRH. } L ». r.RWIV. ) HOWELL COBB,JU.
n |;!!;, Kit WIN' ,fc (MR!:.
( ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
' t T.’fKXS, (lEOItOIA.
lHMipi«e Boldine. Deo21
n vNKRDPTCY.—Samuel 1*. Thurmond,
Attorncy-at-Law. Athens. Ga.
.> i-treet.orer the itore of [tarry A Now.
\V:4 ;»rr *n«eij»l attention to cases ; n Bankruptcy. Al-
, m'the ••iMocrioti of all claims entrusted to his care.
I \MK> II. LYLE.
,| Attotibby at Law. m
I« r ATX/XSVftLE. GA
Jgticnltutal patters.
SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT OP THE EXECU
TIVE COMMITTEE.
TO THE GEORGIA. STATE AGRICULTURAL CON
VENTION AT COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, FEBRU
ARY 12,1874.
Tbe Executive Committeo of the Georgia
State Agricultural Society, in presenting their
semi-annual report, would rnako a few practi
cal reflections to this body, and through it to
tho people of Georgia, bearing upon our inter
ests and condition as an agricultural class. In
the outset of tbe observations we shall make,
candor compels us to say that tbe theme Is an
oppressive one. Tbe subject -itf-dtH#-ofvast
proportions, and at best, under tbo most pro
pitious circumstances, would tax tbe best
iuellect and widest experience of tbe country
to its utmost.
But troubles and complications almost un
exampled in our history as a people, are now
superadded to tbe intrinsic difficulties of the
situation, and we assemblo to-day as a body
of patriots and agriculturists, environed with
problems 01 large and grave import. Seldom
before in the history of mankind, where a peo
ple have not been scourged by famine, pesti
lence or very recent war. has the anomalous
and painful state of things existed which marks
the condition to-day of a largo portion of the
people of Georgia.
Can anything lie more genial than our cli
mate, more benignant than our seasons,
more bountiful than our soil, or more valuable
and sustaining than our staples! And yet
what is the actual condition of our people T
Wo do not allude to tho non-producers of the
State: nor are wo ^ow objecting to tho im
portance of such immense hulk of supplies of
all sorts furnished these non producers, by pro
ducers beyond our limits, which it should be
the exclusive province of Georgia farmers to
supply ; but wo aro filled with apprehension
j and humiliation when we confess the alarming
! fact that tho ineu of Georgia who profess to
: get their living by planting and farming, are
; not making their own bread. This is notsim-
| ply a fact for the statistician, it is not a mat-
I ter for ingenious disquisition, or pleasant de-
i bate, but it should strike terror into our hearts,
v BijoK.AXd job PRINTER, as should the hie bell at miduigbt. No wonder
Broad .St., Athene, Ga. j credit is lost, business paralvzed, enterprise
A5,» .'OHKt Broad uni Wall *ue«t», over hesitore , '
„„ j, p. tlsr ,|. tf j suppressed, capital frightened away, and ltn-
... . j migration warned from our borders. This is
JAMlil .\ » ILL, aHJiRlEST tfff t g c j tlle spectacle we present. An agricultural
RAT-CLASS Hotel is .ituatad in the very people famine smitten ; a people upon whom
the Blessings of sunshine and rain, and dew,
have descended, “ begging bread .”’
Alas! that we should ever have seen tbe
day.
How plain a tale shall rebuke us ! Tbe pub
lic intelligence has not committed—could not
possibly have committed—any such blunder.
Must we confess the fact to each other f We
had as well, and hero in tbo preseuco of the
■.US M. MATTHEWS.
u Law,
DanioUviilo.Ge.
v«n to any bu*ine>»* •?!»
Marchl 4.
n vil.UN'K St ORR.
Li >••>■< Retail Dealer*.
. Gi
TV-
1 »U MIS H rt N M F.U r. If \ N TS.
Dupree 11*11 Br.»al *t, Ath
iut prep.ire l to *t<»r© Cotton at 25 ’em* n
-ill i lviinct* . aj»li when (leMrad. Oct2S
IllViiiIXS,
,1 and RuiU Do tier in
i GlfhJK UB4. II VKDWARE, Ac
Hro.i i Street. Athenn. Go.
«is 11. nmisTY,
inen part of thecity, and all who
l every convenience and luxury that
Hoard, r« r day. $3.00.
Sunt. Mm. L. H-Bottrrfikld, ) |
11. U
onniKY i NEWTON,
ij Del
and boinsstic HARDWARE,
No. ft,Broad street, Athens, Ga.
qc, in unis,
O. Wii„lo»»t
StAple ar.<i Fancy
Frl»9
il Dealer in
r ’’“'j iinlill sire.t°Afhenf S (i° i as8enl,J ' l! d representatives of the agriculture of
’ —— ; Georgia, plead guilty to the charge involving
censure, as well upon our mural as uoon our
'MURY SPEER,
X LAWYER. ATHENS, GA.
A.,lMtorH«n«al of Western Oirtuii. will intend Common sense.
lie r mrti of Olnrke, Walton. Gwinnett. Hall, Hanks,
»."lc«on, IIahv-rshaui, Franklin, Rabun and White,
nUirr RM**ntion to collecting and other claim* in
i»" «.untir«. March 19, 1873.
IV ELIAS, Attorney at Law,
IV. * FRANKLIN, X. C.
Practices i:i all the Courts of Western North Caro-
ina. -nd in the Federal Courts. Claims collected in
ill part* of the State. aplfi — ly
PllWAKH R. nARDEN,
-l_i (Latedu Ige IT. S. Courts Nebraska and Utah,
aud uoer Judge of Brooks County Court)
Attomrj at Law,
julr2:t lv (fnitisait, Brooks County, Ga .
T F. O'KELLEY’S
0 . PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY, |
Orer Williams* Shoo store. Broad street, Athens,
dt rgia. »ep3.
|> F. i AMP.
A AtTORNF.V AT hAY.
Will 2
Ho
CARNESVILLE, GA.
ttention to hII business entrusted
end the Courts of Habersham,
sepl7—ly.
PEEPLES & HOWELL,
ATTOllNKYS AT LAW.
20 and 22, Kimball House,
ATLANTA, GA.
PRACTICE in the Smiennd Federal Court., and
The tillers of tbe soil of our State—the intelli
gent constituency here represented, did not
need to be told that no agricultural commu
nity could possibly exist in which farmers did
not produce their own supplies. No ; the
fact we foar must be confessed, that while
each man professed to believe ibis fundament
al truth, each man hoped bis brother farmer
and neighbor would he so far convinced of it
as to follow its light, aud leave him to profit
by the opposite policy of a large cotton crop,
aud the enhancement of the price which every
other farmer's full supply of provisions would
iusure. llehold the result ! No surplus of
meat and bread for sale to non-produceis in
our midst—none for tbe stranger at our gates.
No. not enough or near enough for our own
household.
The olt repeated lessons of experience have
again been disregarded—tbe hazardous policy
pursued ; and these are among the leading
causes of the present distress. We refuse the
paths of known safety.
Let us pause here and resolve on effectual,
saving reform. It is in vain that these-pbias-
ant semi-annual reunions are held, and the
prolific brains of our leaders in agricultural
in the
urtunf the countie* con
« hv Railroad. *cj>11
attend regularly all the Court* in Atlanta, includ-
th«* Supreme Court of the State, and will argue
'*»*> upon brief* fur absent parties, on reasonable science and practice teem with suggestions
and lessons. In vain may the public spirit of
the State bestow its subsidies if such a short
sighted policy ami such irrational unthriftness
are longer to neutralise and undo all that bet-
. ter counsels may devise.
We ask your indulgence while we expand
this topic by
flections.
M. W. HIDEX,
attorney at law,
S, Claim Aorgut ani Notary Pale
A iXKS 17L l. E, GEOBG/A.
street, below King k Bro'n
^Office on WiD
F*brmry ly, ls73.
M 4m«0* BELL.
ESTES & BELL,
t
\\ n.1 pram
ATTORNEYS
& -U.\ I'SVJLLE
LAW,
..GEORGIA.
n the countie* computing the W©*t-
ircuit, and Dawson And Forty tb countie*
,f Ridu© Circuit. They will «l*o prndirr in
> ttpro.© Court ot Geargin, and in the United State*
may 14
few homely and practical re-
r ’ *> Atlanta
JAS.
L. LONG, M. D.
‘■ ur s e °n. Accoucheur and Physician,
1 '•ffi'-e ot }fr. Thomas Sheais* Store,)
Good Hope District, Walton co,, Ga.
er ’ kb pr.if«*»ionat iervice, totbeeitiaeva ot the
ywndiBg country. »«K2f
^very, Feed & Sale Stable,
ATHENS. GEORGIA.
., ANN & REAVES : PROPRIETORS,
»V I; L k «fou»it at tboir old atand, rear Franklin
o n k. “, 0 ^boil^ling. Tboina, street. Keep alwaya
S t ‘jj Turn-uiita and careful drivtra.
*<t( M l Wc * c »r«d for when ontru«ted to nur care.
'* n for *alc at all times. dec25—tt
A. A. I2DG12,
®°°t, Shoe and Harness
maker,
,-jmilS—,, WATKINSVILLE, GA.
Walton hotel,
i monk or, o-a.
1 and nil?'Mt wouM tospectfulljr inform trarelers
the ok.... * Juhllc generally tbat ho has taken charge
i u * * od Wl11 ■P» r « make
it:. V'* who ®*y f*ti»r him with their patron-
- Ji^hargo.jGU he re „ ollllh , e . j ND f 8 lm
AP LEGAL 3LANKS,
A ,u PI'iy alw.y, on hand, nt the
W ATCIIM ANOFFICR
R. B. ADAIR, D.D.S.,
0*.,, ^^ESVILLE, GA.
" on, k*»«t corner Pnhtic Rqaare. mar27
First, We assume that with an abundance
of tlie necessaries of life, each aud every fami
ly in the State is placed beyond physical suf
fering from wai.t, anti can, from its state of in
dependence, calmly and patiently provide
fur an improved domestic aud rural econo
my ; for we hold that no man perplexed with
debt, much more than the man discouraged
by narrow meaus of subsistence, can give such
calm, collected and hopeful energy to his busi
ness as will promise large results. How sure
ly, and may we not say how easily cau each
farmer's family in the State place itself beyond
tbe danger of trouble and embarrassment from
a want of supplies t
Given a family of ten persons living upon
their own land which supplies fuel without
cost: Vv e assume that one hundred and thirty
bushels of meal, twelve barrels of Hour, one
hundred bushels of sweet potatoes, seventy-
five bushels of Irish potatoes, oue thousand
pounds of pork, the milk and butter from t*b
cows, tbe profits from thirty bens, the honey
from five bives, the fruit from a very limited
number of fruit trees, with sacb a supply of
garden vegetables as tbree-fourths of au acre
would produce, will supply a family in comfort
aud abundance. Six acres lu corn, half an
acre each in sweet and Irish potatoes, three
acres in wheat, five hogs and two acres iu clo
ver, or oue iu millet or drilled corn, will secure
so great a thing as a liberal supply ol provis
ions for a family of ton persons for a twelve'
mouth. Twelve acres would be enough, and
more than enough to produce these supplies.
This is far less titan tbe task of one band
for a year’s work—only seven acres in actual
ly cultivated crops. After providing for tbe
food of a horse usetl iu the crop, by four acres
of corn and two of oats, one laboring man
conld still cnltivate cotton enonglt for tbe re
maining actual wants of a family already sup
plied with abundant and wholesome food.
Let no one disdain this humble exhibit of
tbo capabilities of our soil, or this homely re
view of the vital possibilities of every farm
house in Georgia. Could our voice be beard
this day, and beaded throughout the limits of
this dear old State, and the policy here Indi
cated be reduced to practical effect, joy which
springs from plenty would soou take tbe place
of that dejoction with which penury and de
struction have overshadowed so matiy faces in
our midst.
In one season (unless to those already ira-
prudontly involved in dobt) plenty would
smile upou his hearthstone.
But there is a class who must wait longer,
anil practice yet more economies. They must
atone for tbe past before the futire shall find
them freemen ; for the debtor is ever servant
to the lender, call tbe relationship what we
may.
The direct and immediate result of univer
sal abundance would bo independence—real
freedom of action and thought—freedom from
the restraints of a self assured bondage which
honor forbids men to shako off. exoept by
meeting all its exactions. Tho farmer, iu this
attitude, can afford to wait.
A cognate cause of our trouble has been tho
crcilit system at high rates of interest. This
stupendous source of trouble iscloselv connect
ed with the farmer ; for, be it observed, that
tho borrowing of money is almost exclusively
for the purpose of the overproduction of cot
ton. It is tho effort to stretch out after more
cotton than we have tho actual means of pro
tlucing, by borrowing from abroad—borrowing
for tbo future -running reckless risks, and
playing the prodigal. Seldom is a loan effect
ed or needed for making provisions, and if
made for this purpose, it is small, proportion
ed to tho means of the borrower, and made
by a man pretty sure to pay soon. Bat to
make more cotton, men incur debt; and to
pay debts they must make more cotton ; and
these two things act and re-act till we see no
end.
This leads to a yet more radical view of tho
true policy of the farmers of Georgia and tho
South. Labor is at tbe foundation of produc
tion, and this labor (for maximum results)
must neetls be well directed.
But the primary thing is labor. Only in re
sponse to tbis does the earth yield her in
crease : " By tho sw%ut of tho brow," is as
true now as ever. A great writer says: “ In
the sweat of tho brow, but not in the breaking
of thine heart, is it written, thou sbalt eat
bread.” Yet tho Southern people are eating
it in both, aud bought bread is seldom eaten
otherwise.
The disposition to avoid work is manifested
in the present day in various restless ways.—
Tho gaptbling system, which seems to run now
into ail things, and to have found new chan
nels, is merely one of the results of a desire to
f thstitute chance and luck for steady industry.
leu desire to avoid the payment of an equiv
alent for what they receive; to reap tho fruits
of industry without being subject to its toils.
From tbis spirit tbe agricultural classes were
formerly, in a great measure, free ; but it has
now invaded thorn, and farming even has be
come a speculative business; and tbe produc
tion of cotton at others’ risks, as largely en
gaged in, as the purchase and sale of “ futures.”
A narrow margin suffices, and so farmers, in
stead of being independent producers on a
sound basis, become speculators, risking an
nual ruin.
Not every farmer who does this sees dis
tinctly what he is doing; but this is the up
shot of tho system pursued.
A word to those already in dobt. Let all
your policy be to get out; and when odcb out
to keep out.
Comply with every existing obligation first,
then make no new ones which you have no R J Bedding,
clear, sure means of meeting.
But bow get out t Debt! Debt!. This is
the overwhelming evil of large sections of the
Slate, and large numbers of planters. Tliertj
is no royal road out. The credit system is tbe
royal road in, but the tracks all point one way
- in. The way out is work and economy.—
Let the fruits of work go toward the payment
of debt; not run into more expenditure for en
joyment. Make all you cau, and consume as
little as you can; homely, honest advice. Live
plainly. The establishments of most men are
too big for them—tboir scale too big. The
war left |ieoplo with great establishments and
small resources. The family coach was left,
but not tho coach horses. We are, as a peo
ple, like a mau after a typhoid fever; shrunk
too little Tor his clothes. To try to fill them,
we puff oursblves up with the credit system.
Will the farmers of Georgia think of the sug
gestion f Their actual income should furnish
them with & scale of their expeuses. The in
come should exceed the out-go, all tho while,
aud while iu debt, the man does not reach in
come proper, but is a mere borrower of tbe
means of subsistence. He should ruako bis
style severely plain, as lung as hoi*, really liv
ing on other people.
Such are some of the suggestions connected
with our present situation. We believe if the
planters and farmers of Georgia will ponder
them with personal and practical interest, they
will see something of tbo tacts of tbeir condi
tion, and of tbe changes necessary for future
improvements.
With one suggestion as to tbe practical
mouos of production, we will close tbis report.
Few questions affecting tbe interest of tbe
tillers of tho soil can compare with tbe doc
trine of fertilization. It is a very happy omen
jhat tbe public mind is so universally exercised
upon tbis essential matter. Indeed this inter
est amounts to almost enthusiasm, aud tbe re
sults are to be very important.
We venture to say that tho disenssions in
public assemblies and iu tbe journals devoU-d
to our business, have thrown more light on the
principles and science of fertilization, in tbe
last three years, tbail*we bad before in any
previous thirty years. These oral and written
discussions are rapidly popularizing tbe ideas
underlying tbis great subject, aud giving to
the humblest farmer in tbe land insight into
the principles and methods unknown to tbe
scientific and practical minds in tbe past.
Tbeslaborate report of Prof. White, founded
on original investigations and analysis, is one
of tbe most valuable contributions to tbe prac
tical knowledge of tbe agricultural community
of tbe Soutb ever made, and is the pledge of
yet further fruits to be gathered by tbe appli
cation of science to guide the pursuits of in
dustry. So enormous are tbe outlhys annually
made for fertilizers, that any information as to
their cost their fitness, and tbe means of as
certaining it, is of great and public service.
Tbe committee also furnishes to tbe people
tbe report of Col. Hardeman, showing tbe com
parative productions of various years, and one
humiliating fact in regard to tbe extent of our
importations of wfiat should be produced at
borne. Much of tbe effects of the great finan
cial crisis would have been avoided by tbe
policy hereinbefore shadowed forth.
We also publish the valuable experiments of
Prof. Pendleton, to be continued from year to
year os tbe result of careful observations of in
teresting practical problems.
From the Tr easurer's report we find
that tbe receipts for the past
twelve months have been from
tbe city of Macon and tbe State of
Georgia ...$18,357 12
There was left a balance in tbe
Treasury from the last anuual re
port 2,072 9G
And tffat there has been disbursed
the past year 19,235 52
Tbis has been paid out ou warrants of tbe
Secretary upon the Treasurer, lor advertising,
printing, postage, stationery, salaries, office
expeuses, executive committee, society premi
ums, Macon premiums, expenses of fair, and
fertilizer investigations, all of which warrants
running from No- 1 to No. 265, and premium
warrants from No. — to No. —.
With only $2,500 appropriated by the Legis
lature, your committee bas been very seriously
embarrassed for lack of money ; and to enable
it to hold the annual fairs, has been compelled
to secure the requisite fuuds, by making con
tracts with the cities at which the fairs have
been held. This has interfered, more or less,
seriously with giving such character to tho
fairs as in the judgment of your committee
would develop their highest usefulness. In
stead of conducting the fair as a big show, at
tractive mainly to sight seekers, it is deemed
very desirable to make it an exposition, where
the products of skill and industry should be
arranged for inspection during several weeks
that, without jostling and confusion, they may
bo leisurely aud carefully examined by visitors.
Such an arrangemont would effectually dis
pense with tbe disturbing concomitants usually
present- on our fair grounds, and which, al
though offensive and distasteful to your com
mittee, they have not been able, for reasons
given above, fully to control. Tbis statement
your committee feels, is due both to itself and
the public.
Notwithstanding tbe difficulties enumerated
it must be conceded that the last fair held at
Macon was of great value to the agricultural
interests of the State. The spirit of generous
emulation developed between the competing
counties, tho impulse given to their respective
farmers, anti indirectly to those of tbe whole
State through their magnificent exhibitions,
cannot fail to elevate tbe staudard of agricul
ture and give new momentum to ail branched
of industry.
Tbe ill health of Mr. S. Barnett compelled
bint, reluctantly, to teuder bis resignation as
Secretary of the Society, in August last. With
equal reluctance, tbe committee accepted the
same. Mr. Malcom Johnston, who bad been
for some time Assistant Secretary, was, at the
same time, elected Secretory, and has proved
himself a prompt and efficient officer. (Signed)
A. H. Colquitt, Chairman.
George W Adauts, Wm M Browne,
tbe manure from tbe stable is to be removed
every morning; and by using plaster or soma
other disinfectant, tbe atmosphere will ke kept
from gases injurious to the health of the ani
mals.
With tbe manure from the stables, all refuse
matter should be mixed, such as straw, corn
stalks, turf, road scrapings, and more espe
cially, black muck, dng from swampy places a
year before-hand. In this cistern should be
placed a salt and lime mixture, composed of
four bushels of slacked lime and one of salt.
This, in a liquid state, should be thrown over
the heap two or three times a week, which will
prevent fire-fang, and decomposes the whole
mass, and reduces it to a very fine condition In
a short time. If smoke arises from tbe heap
after this, sprinkle ground plaster over it,
which will change the carbonate of ammonia,
which is volatile, into sulphate of ammonia,
which is fixed. Tbis compost, thus prepared,
contains all the elements of the manure with
out waste; and when applied to crops is very
nearly as valuable as guano, and worth much
more than a great proportion of fertilizers sold
tor fifty dollars.
There are many who practice applying barn
yard manure to tbo land in a fresh state, and
plowing it under immediately, thereby saving
tho expense of composting. But it is well-
known that plants cannot make use of unde-
composed material as food, and until tbe ma
nure applied in a fresh 6tate to tbe soil under
goes decomposition, it is useless as nutriment
to plants, and this process goes on much slower
in tile soil than iu tbe compost heap. Others,
again, think that drawing and spreading ma
nure in tbe winter, upon land intended for
spring crops, is the most economical and suc
cessful mode. Oil this subject we are not pre
pared to speak advisedly, and would like to
receive communications from those who have
practiced it, detailing results.—National Agri
culturist and Bee Journal.
Select IpsceUaiig*
W H Bonner,
Z U Clarke,
James H Fannin,
T W Fleming,
W L Jones,
J 8 Lawton,
I N Montgomery,
H H Cary.
John A Cobb,
George P Harrison,
T G Holt,
J S Lavender,
James M Mobley,
C A Betid.
G H Waring,
Committee.
Burn Yard Manure.
This is tbo seasoii of tbe year for prepara
tion, that the coming spring and summer may
find the agriculturist and gardener prepared
for tbe most ample cultivation and production
of which their land is capabls. Many there
are who are continually uttering tbe cry that
their gardens or tbeir fioids are worn out, and
consequently do not produce remunerating
crops. Now is the time to investigate this
subject freely and fully, and if possible ascer
tain tbe cause, and apply the cure.
Upon tbe most critical and thorough exam
ination no other cause will be fouud, only this
one, as a general rule ; namely, that by fre
quent cropping without manure, the plant
food iu the soil bas been exhausted and car
ried off, either in bay, grain, or root crops
And tho very natural result is, that tbe soil
cannot produce these crops any longer without
tbis vegetable aliment, any more tban a cow
can give milk when she is deprived of all nu
tritive substances from which milk is secreted,
or tban a steam engine can propel a heavy
train of cars when the water is exhausted in
the boiler. And as tbe cure in tbe case of the
cow will be found in supplying nutritious diet,
and in tbe case of the steam boiler, by keeping
up a good supply of water, so. in the case of
tbe soil thus exhausted the only remedy is to
furnish it with a full supply of nutriment for
plant growth. And tbis nutriment is found in
well-prepared barn-yard manare.
We cannot urge too strongly on tbe minds of
those who till tbe ground, tbe care that should
be exereised in collecting and composting tbe
natural manures of the farm. Tbe principal
kinds made use of iu tbis country, are from
borses, cows, sheep, bogs and poultry. These
manures lose tbeir valuable constituents rapid
ly when left exposed to tbe sun and rain; tbe
gases generated escape into tbo atmosphere
while portions of tbe soluble mattor are carried
away by heavy rains, leaving a heap compara
tively poor in fertilizing ingredients.
There are a variety of methods for compost-
log manures. But, without describing others
we would give tbe preference to tbe following
Build a manure shed in connection with the
stables, with gutters so arranged as to convey
the liquid portions to it. In ibis sbed, lay
floor, slanting from each side to tbe middle
in the center place a trough so as to receH
all the liquid parts, anil convey it to a cistern
atone eud of the sbed ; in this cistern place
pump, made largo iuside, so as to pump its
contents on the manure heap. To tbis shed
Uses of the Common Bed Clover Seed.
An inquiry was made by a correspondent in
your paper as to the uses of the “ common red
clover seed,” to which another correspondent
replies ” that it is used for coloring, sneb as
calico, delaines, etc." Your last correspond
ent must be mistaken. I think no such use
b.is ever been made of clover seed. It is only
used as sued lor tbe production of new crops
of clover, as a certain means of maintaining
the fertility of tho soil with but little loss of
time and with but little cost of labor and mo
ney. Farmers, without the use of clover seed,
can not successfully compete with those who
use it.
Tbe true use and purpose of tbis clover, in
the economy of nature, is to “ renovate tbe
fields we cultivate and purify tho air we
breathe." The use of clover as pasture and
hay is only secondary.
It isabieQnial, and should be sown in early
spring with growing grain. It will take bold
of the ground and grow, so as to serve as it
were a nurse for tho ripening grain. As soon
as the latter is harvested the ground should he
left in possession of the clover for another year,
when the soil will be brought back to its origi
nal productiveness.
Clover draws nothing from tho earth for its
support, but supplies the soil with those ne
cessary forms of vegetable food in which it is
deficient. Iu its late autumn growth, it ab
sorbs nitrogen and other noxious gases which
arise (rum vegetable decomposition, and at the
same time freely gives off oxygen. In this way
it purifies the air while it fertilizes the soil.
It is maintained that if one half of the land
now in cultivation was allowed to lie or rest, in
clover, while the other half was cultivated (so
that all crops would alternate with clover,) one
half of the labor now required would be saved
while the crops would be doubled and autum
nal fevers would almost be unknown.—Cincin
nati Gazette.
THE OLiTcOUPLeI
T bey sat in tho sun together
Till tho day was almost done;
And then at its close, an angel
Stepped over the threshold stone.
He folded their hands together.
He touched their eyelids with balm.
And tbeir last breath floated upward
Like the close of a solemn psalm.
Like a bridal pair they traversed
The unseen mystical road
That leads to tbo beautiful city
Whose builder aud maker is God.
Perhaps, in the miracle country.
They will give her lost youth back.
And the flowers of vanished spring-time
Shall bloom in tbe spirit’s track.
One draught of tbe living waters
Shall restore bis manhood's prime.
Anti eternal years shall measure
Tbe love that outlives time.
But the shapes they left behind-them,
The wrinkles anti silver hair—
Made sacred to us by kissos
Tbe angels imprinted there.
We’ll hide away in the meadow.
When tho sun is low in the west.
Where the moonbeams cannot find them,
Nor the wiud disturb tbeir rest.
But we'll let no tell-tale tombsotone,
With its age and date, arise
O'er tbe two who are no longer
In tbeir Father’s house in tbo skies.
17* Here in Georgia there is a good deal of
sand soil admirably calculated for the white
beans. These furnish tbe most nutrition of
any of our vegetables, and thirty or forty
bushels can be raised to tbe acre without much
labor. They should be planted about two feet
apart, five or six in a hill and not dropped too
close together, and then at the proper season
billed up a little. One boeiug suffices if tbe
weeds do not get tbe start of them. They
will readily sell at from $1 to $1.50 per bushel,
but if people could once acquire tbe Yankee's
fondness for •* pork autl beans " they would
never sell many of them. Our people do not
like beans much liecause they do uot cook
them right. Beans should be parboiled, and
then baked with tbe pork, adding a spoonful
of sugar to a quart of parboiled beans.
..Tbo words which Sir Walter Scott places
in tbe mouth of Jennie Deans, in her memo
rable address to the Queen, are as true as tbsy
tire beautiful: * When tbe hour of trouble
comes—aud seldom may it visit your leddysbip
—and when tbe hour of death comes to high
and low—lang and late may it be yours, my
leddy !—it is ua what wo ba’ done for oursel’s,
but wbat we ba* done for itbers, that wo think
on most pleasantly.*
MISS ESTERLEY’S fortune.
BY H. S.
George Haliowell died at the age of eighty,
worth one hundred thousand dollars.
People generally thought be bad lived n
very long time ; hnl they could not deny the
fact that he bad improved tbe time, and got
together a very respectable fortune.
Early in his young manhood he had mar
ried Estelle Cleaves, tho daughter of a poor
actor; and some incongruity of taste or tem
per, nobody knew which, for Haliowell kept
his own secrets, and death had long ago sealed
the lipsof bis wife—had separated them after
about ten months of married life.
Tlie wife had gone forth, nobody knew whith
er, and Haliowell had lived on his sour, crusty
aud monotonous life in tbe old home where he
was born, and where, before him, were born
his father and his grandfather.
He never went into society; he received no
company ; ho bad no friends; and it was a
matter of great wonder to whom ho would give
bis property when he was dead.
And when tbe announcement came that tbe
old man was gone, everybody pricked up his
her individual ears, and tbe wondor grew.
Three old servants, nearly as old as himself,
man aud two women, bad always been with
bim, and constituted tbe only family he bad.
Tbe old male servant was named Gilbert,
and in bis bands Mr. Haliowell had left bis will.
Tbe funeral was largely attended by tbe
entire neighborhood : and at its close, Gilbert
requested ail those interested to remain and
hear the will read.
Of course, in a matter like this, everybody
was interested, and old Gilbert bad a good
audience. * #
Lawyer Secor3 read tho will.
It seemed be bad drawn it up a year before
for the testator.
Divested of its formalities, it bequeathed
handsome life annuities to each of tbe three
servants; two thousand dollars to each of the
two churches in tbe village, two hundred dol
lars for the support of Jim, a large, striped cat,
which the old man held in high regard ; aud
money was bequeatbed, without reserve, to
Marian Esterley, tbe village schoolmistress.
The people were all stricken dumb with as
touisbment, and Miss Esterley was, perhaps,
moro surprised tban any of them.
A few words in pencil, in old Hallowell’s
own handwriting on the margin of tbe will ex
plained his reasons for this disposition of his
property.
* I have been friendly with nobody,' so ran
tbe margiual reference, * and poople have
looked upon me as a being destitute of tbo at
tributes of humanity ; and it was my own fault
make no complaint. Only one of all my
towns-people has seen deep enough beneath
the surface tosurmise that old Haliowell might
have feelings of bis own and she has never
passed by me witbout a kind good-day. And
once, when I passed by her little garden, she
gave me a bunch of pansies. One I loved iD
youth was foud of pansies; and I think of her
always when l see them. And so, because
Marian Esterley has treated me as if 1 bad a
soul, 1 bequeath to her the property which it
has taken ute a lifetime to gather; and may
heaven bless her in its possession.'
All the villagers were jealous of Miss Es-
terly, and all thought she bad been very tveil
repaid for a few kind words and a bunch of
pansies. But none could dispute old Hal
lowed's right to do as he chose with his own ;
and so tbe poor scnoolmistress passed pucaea-
bly into possession.
Miss Esterley was an orphan, and twenty-
three years ot age, tall and fine-looking, and
with more character tban is generally given
to one individual.
Now that she bad the power, she asserted
herselfproudly. <
Tbe Haliowell home place was put under a
series of valuable improvements, which soon
changed its entire aspect.
Decaying trees wore cut down; fresh ones
were planted ; a spacious flower garden, with
extensive graperies and greenhouses, flourish
ed where had been only a stretch of dismal
heath ; tbe stock in the stable was overhauled
and great changes made; and Haliowell House
was rebuilt and remodeled, until it was the
finest residence in all tho country round.
Miss Esterley kept the old servants who soon
learned to adore Iter; but site added new ones
to tbe menage; and entertained the visitors,
who hastened to honor her, in gracious and
liberal style.
As a matter of course, tbe mistress of Hal
lowed House was not long wanting for lovers;
they came thick and last, some few perhaps,
won by her beauty and grace, but most of them
after old Hallowell’s gold.
But Marian Esterley had sense as well as
good looks, and she was not deceived by tbeir
pretensions.
She remembered the time when tho poor
schoolmistress might have sat evening after
evening at parties and social gatherings un
noticed and neglected by all o( these obsequious
fine gentlemen, who now professed to be so
deeply in love with her; and so she treated
them all with a coolness whiqb drove' them to
tbo verge of distraction.
She had been just a year ^stress of Hal
iowell, when one day old Gilbert came to her
with a troubled face and asked an audience.
Sbo bade bim sit down, and speak without
restraint; but tbe old mau made blundering
work of it.
Marian had to question and encourage bim
continually ; but at last bis story was told.
In effect it was tbis:
When Estelle Haliowell had died years and
years before, in an obscure vfllage, site had
left a son, George Hallowell’s child, born three
months after her separation from him.
Tins son had hated his fattier for tbe wrongs
be felt he had inflicted upon Estelle, and had
never made himself known to him ; and Mr.
Haliowell bad lived and died unconscious of
tbe fact that be was a father.
This son had died two months previous leav
ing one son behind him, George Hallowell’s
grandson and heir-at-law.
Clement Haliowell, that was the young man’s
name, was now a clerk in a bank in tbe neigh
boring city on a salary of one thousand dollars
a year, and all unconscious of tho fact that. In
right of kin, be was tbe heir to one hundred
thousand dollars.
These facts old Gilbert had just learned
through a friend of Estelle’s an old man who
b ul strolled to the village, pieking up a living
by strumming on an anciont barp, and singing
a few eld ballads.
Ho Lad been a player in company with Es
telle's father, and had always sc to speak,
kept, on track of the family.
Some women would have doubted the old
stroller's story, but Miss Esterley did not.
She saw him herself, and got oat of bim ev
ery minute particular.
Old Gilbert was greatly distressed.
' 1 thought it my duty to tell you, ma’am,*
he said to Marian; but I'd rather out my head
off. I said to Polly, said I:
‘ It seems a wioked, burning shame to go
and disturb tbe dear young lady's peace now
that everything is flowing on so beautiful.* And
said Polly to me:
• Gilbert! always do your duty, man, and
you'll be happy.’
‘ You did perfeotly right to tell lne, Gilbert,’
said Miss Esterley, kindly, ‘I should have
been very sorry if you had not. There bas
been a great wrong done. Thank heaven, it
is in my power to right it.’
Wbat will you do. ma'am t* asked tbe man,
though from bis knowledge of Miss Esterley’s
character, it was no difficulty for him to guess
* Never you mind, Gilbert,’ she said ; • I will
do wbat is right.’
So she made a confidant of lawyer Secors,
and caused him to set on foot inquiries relative
to young Clement Haliowell.
The information which be gathered settled
tbe fact beyond the shadow ot a doubt that he
was George Hallowell’s grandson, and also
that be was a young mau who bad led au irre
proachable life, aud though very poor, be was
respected aud esteemed by all with whom be
bad come iu contact.
Then Miss Esterley caused a conveyance of
the Haliowell estate to be drawn up. and by
it she gave everything into the possessiou of
the heir-at-law.
Her commands that be should oome at once
to attend to his inheritance were imperative;
but it was some time beforo Clement Haliowell
could be induced to take advantage of bis
good fortune.
It was not until after Miss Esterley bad de
livered everything into tbe bands of lawyer
Secor, as agent, and had herself left for a dis
tant town, where a school was offered her, that
young Mr. Haliowell came down from the city
aud took possession of his own.
Shortly after Marian's scimol began in West-
lake, she became acquainted with a young gen
tleman named Burke, a poor artist, handsome
and cultivated, but without money, friend* or
influence.
He secured board at the house next to tbe
one where Marian lodged, and be always wait
ed until her school was out for the day, before
he took bis walk around the park by the beau
tiful lake; and she always went with him.
As a natural consequence, they fell iu love
with each other, and Marian was so happy io
her choice that it never occurred to her to la
ment tlie splendors sbo had lost in renouncing
tho Haliowell inheritance.
Young Burke was very eager for the wed
ding not to be delayed ; and oqe summer morn
ing they were married quietly in the little
church at Westlake, and then they set out to
gether for her husband's borne
About this home be had never told her any-
tliiog, neither had she inquired; so you may
understand she was very deeply in love with
bim, for now-a-days tho • establishment’ is often
of infinitely more consequence to the young
lady tbau tbe man who goes along with it, by
way of encumbrance.
Marian was a little puzzled by one thing.
As she had stood in the church and listened
to tbe solemn words of tbe marriage service,
tbo name of tbe bridegroom, though uttered
by tho clergyman iu a very low tone of voice,
bad sounded new and strange to her.
She bad not understood it: nevertheless, it
bad not sounded like plain John Burke.
Seated in tbe train by her husband’s side,
she asked bim about it.
‘ The name is all right, darling,* he replied,
squeezing her hand under the folds of tbe
shawl, * new husbands will do such foolish
things, you know; don’t trouble your head
about that.’
So Marian dismissed it from her mind.
By-and-by she saw they were nearing Elins-
bnro', tbe town where ber fortune bad beeu
found and lost.
She leaned out of tbe window to get a look
at familiar objects.
Her husband bent over her.
• Did you like Elmsboro', doart'
• Very much. I was very bappy here.’
* I am glad. It is my borne—our home'—
be said, quietly.
Surprise made her silent, and the stopping
of tbe train at tbo station prevented any .fur
ther conversation.
A handsome carriage and pair awaited them,
and in a very brief space of time Marian and
her husband were driven to Haliowell House.
And there, drawn up in array on tbe lawn,
were old Gilbert and P0II7, and all tbe rest of
them, waiting to welcome back their old mis
tress.
Marian turned to ber husband, wbo. with a
smiling face, was presenting bis wife to tbe
servants.
‘ Wbat does it all mean t' sbe asked, in a
puzzled toue.
* Nothing, except that my whole name is
Clement Burke Haliowell, aud you are my wK*’.
Pardon my deception, Marian, but I fell in love
with you before 1 saw you. I knew that no
ordinary woman would have sacrificed wbat
you did, from a senso of honor, and I resolved
to know you. I felt sure you would not pros
per my suit if I was known to you as tho heir,
so I was a poor artist instead; and, darling, !
am a very poor artist, for I never drew a thing
in all my life. You know you used to task me
last summer with my miserable laziness, but I
was on entirely different kind of business from
picture making. And you,-tay you forgive me f
She could do no lietter, she said, seeing tbai
be had already settled everything his own way ;
and shu slid gracefully into her old place a»
mistress, and Haliowell House hod nil its own
again.