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wvzm FRIDAY MOIiJYIJYG, MAY 30, 1823. (Hi’ l } i consequence of noth ting able to get a larger press constructed, and on i/te spot, in sea son to meet ovr summer arrangement, we have been compelled to commence the MERCUR Y and ARGUS, on a smaller sheet than ire had contem plated to publish it, and on which it will hereaf ter be issued. But tins, me presume, will be of little moment to our Subscribers ; because not be,- ing crowded with Advertisements during the sum mer, our sheet will stilt contain more rcarting matter than most of the other papers of the vicini ty ; and me shn.Whurc our new Press in season to odd anotticr column. to each page of our paper at the commencement of the fall business. 4 UIF The Savannah Mercury, will be Publish ed Three Times a Week, during the Summer Months. Days of publication, Monday, Wednes day and Friday. and / Ihe Ahgis, will be published every Friday Morning. fLT Office on Bull Street, near the Exchange ; Middle Tenement of Morrisons Buildings ; Count ing Room on Second Floor, opposite Judge J\'i col's Office. Money was never so scarce as it is now /" \\ e have heard this story, repeated in every vari ation of tone and emphasis, ever since we can remember any thing; and conclude therefore, thaWAe Times have been gradually growing worse from the days of the golden age , (if indeed there ever was such a time) down through every grada tion, from bad to worse—the silver age, the cop per age, the leaden, the paper to the what ’ hah we call the present ?—the crediting, trust ing, promising, but never paying—age ! “ 1 nev er Knew money so scarce,” says the merchant; I can effect no sales; I can’t meet my drafts. “I never money so scarce, says the shopkeeper ; the country people won’t buy ; I can’t meet my bank discounts.” “ Money is scarcer now than it ever was,” says the farmer ; “I can't sell my cotton for more than nine cr ten cents—l shan’t be able to pay for the horses and hogs I bought last year.” Ali agree that the'times are harder, and money scarcer now than it ever w r as ; but in regard to tiie causes which have brought about this state oi things, there is more diversity of opinion, ihe politician says it’s all owing to the infernal Tariff; rants about the unholy coalition , the un ) lghteous bargain and sale, and the dangerous en croachments of the General Government on state lights. The merchant talks about the balance of trade—prohibiting duties — and the flatness of the cotton market. While a retailer of Grindstones and Beeswax, says it is all owing to the stoppage of the West India trade. The doctor thinks the public system has suffered from depletion., and ex cessive evacuations, looks to the mercury and chews his own pills. The printerjsays the scarci ty oi money is owing to his subscribers not paying in advance. And a neighbor of ours, who is fast drifting on a lee shore, complains of the illiberali t.y and partiality of the banks, in discounting paper. Another thinks that if the banks w 7 ere more free in their issues, the times would be much mended. But a director of one of the local in stitutions, lays all the evil at the door of the Unit ed State’s Bank; “ a monstrous machine,” says he ; “ a fit engine in the hands of a despotic gov ernment ; its enormous power overawes the local Bank, and, like a nightmare, paralyses its ener- I gies. Were it not for this monster, the local institutions could make .money plenty in every 1 man’s pocket—they could issue to any extent. | But this unconstitutional corporation, this body without a soul, is enabled to force back the bills as soon as issued, wickedly demanding specie for the same. Thus constituting an insurmountable check on the local Banks, against over issues.” In the up country, they have still other notions, in regard to the hardness of the times. The good woman, raising her spectacles, and charging her pipe, declares it’s all owing to the Yankee Ped lars, tvho are rampaging through the country with their notions which they sell at half-price. While neighbor Truepenny is rather jubns it’s th® Tennesseans who are ruining the country with their mighty droves of hogs and horses, and for which they carry off all the people's money. In deed, every one accounts for the hardness of the times and the scarcity of money, in a way pecu liar to himself. Can it be thought presumptuous in us, then, if w r e offer our own views on the sub ject ? To make a long matter short, then, we ha zard the opinion, that all this great evil has'arisen from that little w’ord, credit. •A few years ago, when cotton w’as at 30 cents, when the banks dis counted lreely, and a prime field hand sold for a thousand dollars, the people became intoxicated With the visions of sudden wealth. The planter w 7 ho owned a thousand acres of land, bought ano- \ ther upon a credit. The man who owned ten ! negroes, bought ten more on a credit. The good < folks who w 7 ere glad to visit a neighbor, or the \ meeting-house in an oxcart, bought a carriage ! end pair on a credit. The who be fore dressed herself, her good man and children in homespun of her own manufacture, now T bought broadcloths, and silks, and muslins, and calicoes and leghorns, on a credit. Those were fine times, says the farmer; his imagination warming at the recollection ; we could obtain credit, to any ex tent ! Glorious times ! echoes the shopkeeper, rubbing his hands, w e charged two hundred per cent profit ! Prosperous times, say the banks, w 7 e had ten millions of bills in circulation ! But pay day at length came. The Banks were called on for specie, they curtailed their business, called up on the merchant for reductions and discounts, the merchant pressed the shopkeeper, and the shop keeper his customer. Then came the fall in the price of cotton, the depreciation in value of all kinds of property. The man who brought ten ne groes on a credit , was obliged to sell twenty to pay the debt. And the carriage was sold by the Sheriff for the purchase money, and the oxcart also, to make up the deficiency. These were fine times, says the Sheriff, I returned five hundred write at one term ! Glorious timics ! echoes the Deputy, I had an hundred Ca. Sa. ; in my pocket at once ! But the ruin which followed thes efine limes, that glorious era, has not opened the eyes of the people, nor taught them moderation. They still buy on a credit, w’hercver they can fmd a shopkeeper, or negro trader, whiling to trust. And it is this hankering after credit, this disposi tion to run in debt, that has caused the present outcry about money. There is as much money ’ 1 not Every one who passes through the older and once most populous parts of the State, must be struck with the appearance of ruin and decay, which everywhere presents itself to the eye. Old worn out fields, — houses deserted—buildings tum bling down piecemeal—plantations neglected and unimproved—all crowed upon the view at every step, and force upon the mind of the beholder the most melancholy reflections. The wealth and population of the older counties is evidently de clining, and the visible marks of premature old age, seem indelibly fixed upon the the face of the whole country. This state of thing3 ought to arrest the atten tion, and call forth the energies of every patriot in Georgia. For unloss some revolution be effec ted in the course of business ; some means found to attach the population more permanently to the soil, and thus induce the owner to improve, rather than impoverish, his lands—it needs no prophet to foretel that Georgia must soon become depopu lated, her present fair fields and rich plantations, I a barren desart, and the star of her glory must set forever. At present, very few people in this State take any thought about preserving or permanent ly improving their lands. To make a present crop, to make the earth yield to its utmost capa bility, the present year, is their oiily care. The result of this policy is, that in a few years their lands become exhausted, lose their fertility, and then plantation is abandoned. The present race of cultivators may be compared to an army of ca terpillars ; their course is ever onw r ard—before them is the green wilderness—behind them, deso lation and sterility. The cheapness of fresh lands, the facility with which they can be acquired—is, perhaps, at the bottom of the evil here pointed out. And in this view of the case, the Land Lottery system has had a most injurious effect. Although it has had its attendant advantages, and those not inconsid erable—yet it may be feared that it has, by en couraging a reckless waste and destruction of tim ber, a neglect of all lasting improvement, sapped the permanent interests of the country. If it lias encouraged a more rapid growth in population, a more sudden influx of wealth, —has it not also sewn the seeds of premature old age, and unnatu ral decay. If, in consequence of this system, the grow th of the State has been rapid, has it been that healthful grow th, which gives promise of a hardy and vigorous manhood, a green and bloom ing old age ? It is easier to trace some of the causes which have produced this state of things, than to point out or apply a remedy. The first may be done by individuals; but the latter requires the concen trated energy of the community. Much, liowev er, may be accomplished by public spirited men, with clear heads and strong minds, by directing public opinion ;by agricultural societies,in awartl ing premiums ; but more, by enlightened and pa triotic planters themselves, in setting an example of improvement and reform. And the period has now arrived when every feeling of patriotism, eve ry sentiment of State pride, calls for the strenuous exertion ot every citizen, to uphold the interests of the State, and effect those changes of system? which alone can secure hi*r lasthig m f or we repeat it, if a change of system, in regard to the management of our lands is no* speedily es fected ; if our planters will not commence im proving instead of impoverishing their lands the i time is at hand when our remaining fefreets shall I ba\ e been levelled, when our remaining fresh , shall receive the same fate with the old, that the fate of Georgia will be sealed—the star of her ! glory will set forever. There is an article going the rounds of the pa pers, copied from the Baltimore pur porting to be a letter frdm the date General Na- ’ thaniel Greene, and which is published as a speci men of his literary attainments. We doubt the authenticity of this letter, having in our posses sion an original letter of General Green’s consist ing of three pages, large foolscap, and which ex hibits no inaccuracies of the kind ; it is written in an easy flowing style, a neat hand, and the or thography, syntax, and punctuation, scrupulous-. ly accurate. There is one, and only one, error in orthography, in the whole letter, and that evi dently appears to have been a slip of the pen.— Whatever may be the iiterary acquirements of other distinguished individuals, we see no neces sity for underrating the character of our revolu tionary heroes. Extract of a letter from a member of Congress, to the Editor, dated “ Public opinion has entirely changed here up on the subject of our Indian difficulties; all be lieve that Georgia will, in a short tun*, be re leased from the perplexity of Indians within her boundaries. The Government of the United J States are disposed to do us justice,and have yield ed to many of my suggestions, which, if perse vered in, will result in success.” The Committee of the Senate of the U. States, to whom was referred a memorial For a Navy Yard at the City of Savannah, made a favorable 1 report on the 19th inst. In the House, the me morial, from the citizens of Savannah, for the es tablishment of a Naval Depot at that place, w 7 as referred to the Naval Committee. The Thermometer stood at 90 in the shade and 92 in the open air, on Monday last. Dr. Moses Sheetall was elected Justice of the Inferior Court, on Monday last, in place of Anthony Porter, resigned. We find nothing in the papers to change our opinion as to the views and policy of Russia, for we cannot believe that the altered tone of Aus tria and Prussia would alter the policy of the Czar—indeed it is amusing to find the London Journals talking of the u altered tones” df these powers, when hitherto they have represented them as maintaining a dogged silence. The papers are full of amusing stories about the President of Greece, Courft Capo dlslriq,, who. were we to believe them, has a weft appointed ar my in each important portion of Greece, filled with patriotism because well paid, and in strict subordination to their officers, partly from this Cajole, and partly from the talents and activity of the President ; while the Turks have ali at once become mutinous and converted into banditti, be cause their fleet was half at Nuvarino— we have neither time, room, nor patience to copy* these accounts. y. Mer. Tel. inst. From the .V. Y Jour, of Com. ree. pey.the Macon. LATEST FROM ENGLAND. By the packet ship Chelsea, Capt. Barnes, ar rived yesterday in 24 days from Cowes, we have received London papers to the 18th ult. The bill for the repeal of the corporation and test acts, which had been made the order for the 17th April, was read a second time on that day and discussed at great length. There is no doubt, if we may judge from the general tenor of the de bate, that fthe bill will pats, though not perhaps withont ssme modification'of the substitute adop ted in the House of Commons. Lord Holland sup ported the biff in a long and powerful speech, The Archibisliop of York, the bishops of Lincoln. Durham and Chester, spoke in commendation of M * || I ||ll It'll 111 mill* t * gpml in wlkUke mil wftj MoUp IflKliW, though they were not prepared to go ,the lengths proposed by the other house. The earl of Lldon was opposed to the bill-—he even rebuked the rev euend Clergy for turning their h „cks upon tho Church and tho Constitution, and anticipated the time when they would have reason to repent the evil day when they surrendered th,e bulwarks of the Government,. The duke of Wotfingtou tvould not oppose the till, on the contrary, lie considered it as due to the state of public feeling that it should .finally pass. It was manifest however, that he felt little cordiality towards the bill as far as * its own mtritg are concerned. Lord Winchelsea gave notice that he should move anew substitute , which would admit Christian dissenters only to a parti-, cipatifcn of civil rights. Several others expressed tlieir sentiments relative to the bill, when it was read a second without a division. political affairs of the continent wear a more pacific aspect. The Times of the 17th holds the following language— ‘ We have said that Eng land has no cause of jealousy against France, and Europe nothirf| to fear from Russia—and had Aus tria and PruisiSt been firm in recommending sub mission to the -Porte-—had not those two powers on the contrary, insinuated suspicions respecting the sincerity with which the triple alliance was formed, we have no doubt but that a pacification would have taken place long ago. We now, however, learn from some of the best of our foreign correspondents, and we believe the report, that Austria and Prussia have of late very much altered'their tones. The separate war about to be declared by Russia against the Forte, and, on the other hand, the fixed determination of Franee and England to obtain the object of the treaty of London, have convinced them that con cession on the part of the Turks was the only way to preserve, or rather to restore, tranquility in the East of Europe. We are iinluccd to think that the efforts of Prussian £u*/i Austrian govern ments are now seriously directed towards bringing the Turks to a sense oi their real situation.’ Ibrahim Pacha it was said had received orders to abandon his fortress in Greece, and convey his forces back to Egypt. LoNDONvApril 17.—The indication of an ap proaching adligrence on the part of Austria and Prussia to tfte Greek Treaty, have gained some credit in the city. It is supposed that these two powors are now so satisfied as to the absence of ambitious motives in the military preparations of Russia, and so disgusted with the obstinate disre gard which the Sultan had shown to their remon strances and advice, that they conceive the only mode left them to induce the Porte to a speedy compliance with the demands of the allies wheth er aggregate or collective, is bv a cordial co-ope- Ation with them. if. > Consols halve experienced a further improve ment to-day of i per cent, and left oft* at 84] to 5-8. The foreign market is for the most part bet ter ; Russia, Danish, Portuguese and Brazilian stock have each risen about £ per cent; Mexican and Colombian stock have advanced rather more; and Spauish ore full 1 per cent higher. The steamboat has brought letter# and papers’ from Hamburgh of the 11th inst. In Hie money market of Hamburgh there had been muehjjfreeu lation for the fall oi Government securities,which as nothing decidedly alarnupg in politics had oc curred, grodu<?ed au effect contrary to that intend ed. Among Jhe reports circulated , me that the Russian *''■ - ’ be when once put in motion, it was determined by-1 the Ilapiburgh speculators that they were to ad vance at a wy rapid pace.” The Russftm force on the Prnth is estimated at 300,000 men, with 100-pieees of artillery American Stocks, April 18.—U. S. Bank, £24 1 7s. (id.— Bonds, 96 a 97. City, tico o'clock. —The money market has evinced very little animation this morning, and Consols for oney and accounts are 84 1 a 3-6. | Quarter before three. —Consols for account are still 841 a 3-T j The Emperor Nicholas has fix-ill his coronation for the Ist oFMay, at Warsaw. } Count CaffcdTstra will return from Napoli tp E- 1 gina. No Gjwek ship can now sail from any portj without a permission in writing from the Presi- j dent, by wmich a salutary check is put upon piracy. Letters from Alexandria, of the 21st of Febru ary, say that, in consequence of the decrease of piraev in tho Levant, trade was beginning to re vive, and seyeral convoys were ready to sail to different ports in the Mediterranean, especially to Leghorn and Marseilles.— Mur. Cor. April Sd NEW -YokK r May 17.—8 y the packet ship Hen ry, Capt. Bajrk er > arrived below last night, in the : short passage of 26 days from Havre, we have Pa ris papers to the 17th, and Havre papers to tlie 18th ult. both inclusive. We extract the follow ing iriteresting intelligence, j (Correspondence.) Havre, April 16. Cottan.-r~Tiie arrivals of jsie last week are 2734 bales, of which 1150 are from New-Orleans, 169 , from New-York, 360 from Hayti, 55 Guadaloupe. { The sales have been 4331 bales of all sorts; holders of this article continue pretty firm; sales notwithstanding free; the demand is principally \ for American qualities. We think the market! may yet Wuprove, if too great importations do not cool down the purchasers. Hayti and Caraccas • have been bought for exportation, mentioned be low 7 . 7 ’ 1672 bales Louisiana, ordinary to very good, brought from 82 f. 50 to 110; 914 bales Mobile, Alabama and Tennessee, ordinary to middling, 80 j fr. to 90; 677 bales Georgia, (short staple) ordi- j nary to middling, 76 fr. 25 to 7-7, 50; 14 bales Georgia, (long staple) ordinary, 190 fr.; 160 bales ! PwimniVir* ‘Tf? ; " ar T to middling, 103, 75 to 108,! 75; 84 bales Bahia, middling, 106 fr. 25-, 640 balds Haytfi middling and fr. 25 ; 129 ceroons Camania, part resold, 72 fr. to 77 >SO ; 41 ceroons Caraccas, middling, at 77 francs. The arrivals this year ‘amount to 60,568 bales ; • present^ stock not exactly known. Park, April 17.—We’learn from ■'Berlin, under i date of the 9th inst., that the Duke of Cumberland had just departed for London, with his son Prince George. The following intelligence, dated Constantino- . pic, March 11, is given by several of the German ’ papers: “It k said to be positive that Count Capo d'lstria has given orders tor ail the Turks of both sexes, wJk> were prisoners in the hands of the Greeks, to be set at liberty, and *everal of them have arrived at Smyrna. Although'the'Count pos* sesses considerable foresight and energy, his situa tion is nevertheless extremely difficult: the prin cipal dangers which threaten him come from the interior o?Greece. It is said to be in contempla tion to appoiut Coloctrini President of the Pelo ponnesous. If Count Capo d’lstria should not shortly receive considerable pecuniary succour, it will be very difficult for the personal consideration that Heheiijoyfc to protect him against the dangers and difficulties that will be raided against him by the partisans of anarchy.” The following k> an extract of a private letter of the 28th February from Egina;—“ Count Capo d’lstria has rendered all the public functionaries of Greece responsible lor their acts, and the non-ex ecution of laws. He has also decided thaj; public fimeiionaries shall receive no emolument but absolutely necessaly for their wants; recompenses will he granted Vo in more prosperous times, The Camp of Tfezena, rein forced by those of Napoli di Romania and Corinth, is about to commence its movements, not to make but to intercept the pftovrsions of the Turks. Skadar movements w-ii take place by sea. Admiral Miaulia has already destroyed a i great number of misth s, and has sent twenty-two JTo Poros. Count Capo d'lstria hopes tnat, in a | short time, the only way of carrying on piracy will | be by swimming.” ’ _ / j Extract of a private letter from Lisbon “a hs | departure of the English troops has deprived the | Constitutionalists of their only remaining hope. 1 he occupation of the forts that command the 1 a gus, however, gives great uneasiness to the ofo flneon, the Infant Regent, and the Absolutists. It probably the intention of England to continue this occupation till the decision of Don Pedro, after he learns the treason of his brother, shall be known. As, however, much time must elapse be fore intelligence fvcm Brazil can ‘reach Portugal, the Constitutionalists are under serious apprelien l i'| [i m |i ! ihiii sions £or their personal safety. It 13 !VH (Ml y it Lisbon, but at Oporto and many other piaees, that a violent persecution is directed against the friends of the Charter. Woe to those who take refuge in Spain; for we arc assured that the Government of Ferdinand, which exercised so much hospitality towards tho soldiers of Chaves, will not hesitate to deliver up such persons as arc demanded by Portugal. Mr. Lamb, who expected that the de spatches from his Government would have been of quite a different nature to what they were, is excessively mortified by the turn tiiat affairs have taken. Some persons still hope that the Infant will display a degree of moderation in his conduct; that having become master of Ins will by the de parture of the English, he will accomplish his end by measures less violent than those at first in con templation. It is now said that instead of going to Villaviciosa, to place hirnselt at the head of the Absolutists, and getting himself proclaimed King by the populace, he will endeavour to legitiinutise his usurpation by invoking the order of succession established by the Cortes of Latnego, without tak ing heed to the opinions of the best critics, who re gard as apochryphal all the acts attributed to those Cortes.” The ship Chelsea, Barnes, arrived yesterday, from London, bringing dates to tiie 18th ult. Angosa, March^2B. — By a vessel from the lo nian Islands, we have received accounts from Zante, of the 20th of this month, which give the important intelligence that all the Greek ships of war and merchantmen at Zante had, with the permission of the Government, hoisted their na tional stag, on the 18th, a proof that the new go vernment of Greece is considered as likely-o be consolidated, and that England recognizes its in dependence. The respect of the Greeks for the Count Capo d’lstra is said to be boundless ; his commands are blindly obeyed, and in all the pro vinces private and public affairs are gradually as suming an appearance of order, regularity and obedience, of which there was before no notion ONE DAY LATER FROM LIVERPOOL By the arrival yesterday afternoon, of the Tusca rora, Capt. Serril, from Liverpool, whence she sailed on the evening of the 16th April, we have Liverpool papers of that date and London to the 17th—we are indebted to Mr. Sanderson of the Coffee House, for a Liverpool Mercury, our own papers not being received from the post office. There is nothing further from the East of Europe. The Berks Chronicle has the following para graph : Symptoms of War. —We are enabled to state on good authority, that a very material augmen tation of our commissioned naval force will imme diately take place, and directions to that effect are now preparing in the government offices. This addition to the service afloat will be com posed chiefly of frigates of the first class, and of the heaviest metal. Considerable bustle is pre valent in the war and ordinance offices. After the above was put into tvpe, our own files were received ; they contain little that has not been already given. The sales of Cot ton for the week ending 17th amount to I7,(f00 bales, at rather better prices than the preceding week ; the import 22,000. Philadelphia Gazette, 19 th inst. DEPORTED SLAVES—The Board of Com missioners under the Ghent Treaty, and subse- Conventions concerning Reported Slaves, is still in session in this city. It is expected, we learn, that they will adjudicate, during this term, all the cases which have been submitted to their determination. They will meet again at some subsequent period .and finallj- act on all the claims. There are, we miderstand, a number of claims on , the definitive list, which have not been docketed, ’ and which, at the next term, will be wholly ex cluded, unless attended to. We learn that a great many deported slaves have been lost ’ to the owners by the failure to have them placed , on the definitive list. I The average value allowed for each slave de ported, is as follows: 1 From Louisiana, Jssßo Georgia, S. Carolina and Alabama, 390 Virginia, Maryland & all other states, 280 These sums being awarded for each slave al lowed, the owners have received, or are entitled now to receive, 75 per cent w ill be paid upon winding up the business, or apportioned if the fund should prove inadequate to pny the whole. National Intelligencer. The subjoined letter, received by last evening’s mail, contains interesting information to the par ties concerned. Presuming it is intended for publication, we give it to our readers. “ Military and General Land and ) Tax Agency, > “ Washington City, 14 th May, 1828. ) “ Sir, —It affords me infinite pleasure to inform J you, that the Bill which had previously passed the j Senate, extending an act of long deferred justice I 1 to the Officers and Soldiers of the Revolution, was j yesterday passed by the House of Representatives, 1 and now only awaits the signature of the Presi : dent, to become alaw 7 . It provides, that all sur ; viving Officers, who served in the first War of : Independence, shall receive full pay for life, ac cording to rank, not exceeding, in any case, the full pay of a captain. That each surviving non commissioned officer, musician or private, (except those who are now on the pension list of the Uni- j ted States,) who enlisted in the Continental Ar my, “ for and during the war, and continued in service until its termination,” shall, in like man | ner, be entitled to his full monthly pay. The pay, in each instance, is to commence on the 3d of ; March, 1826. Officers who now’ receive pensions, : less in amount than their rank would give them j under the Jaw, are to have such pension deducted from the pay due from the 3d of March, 1826, to the present date, and hereafter the pension is to | cease. Both in respect to the officers and soldiers, • this law operates in favour of those who have not ; been hitherto placed on the pension list, on ac ’ count of property. I As soon as the regulations are established for carrying this law into execution, I will supply I such of the parties as may signify a wish to that effort,postage paid, with the necessary documents • and instructions, to enable them to share its be nefits. I am, sir, very resnectf'uHv, &c. JOSEPH WATSON. The Editor of the City Gazette , Charleston, South Carolina. j The National Journal of the 15th inst. says . 1 Lest an erroneous impression may go abroad as to the real extent to which tho bill for the reliaf of the | survivors cf the revolutionary army goes, it may be proper to state that it does not embrace all the | vetermus of that interesting period. Its operation j ‘ is cammed to those officers who were entitled to J ’ the half pay under the resolutions of Congress of. i 1780, and to those privates whq were entitled to | j a bounty of eighty dollars. We know many mem bers, who voted against the present bill, who would have supported any bill which embraced the w’hole of the officers; and it is due to them, as well as - necessary for the correct information of the pub t lie, that it should be understood to what extent tliq bill actually goes. A writer in the Harrisburg, (Penn.) Argus, calls upon the people of that state to raise their voice against the proposed remission of duties upon iron for Rail Roads, imported by incorporated com panies. Should the law pass, he intimates tire propriety of throwing the iron overboa rd on its ar rival's was done with the tea before the revolution. 1 From the Augusta CanstiiutienaUit. “And Moses harkened to the voice of his father-in-law, and chose able nien out of rit Israel, and they judged the people at all seasot the hard causes they brought, unto Moses bus every small matter they judged themselves.”. Exot>. xviji. Many good meaning people are opposed to a change in our ‘udk-iary, because they cannot ! foresee what the change may be, and there are (.also persons who acknowledge the evils of the system, but do not like to intermeddle with them, for fear of making bad worse. For the purpose she wing that we are in favour of a reform at on-e reasoi!lf*bfe and necessary, we seize this occasion briefly tP sketch an oirftiue, which all will readily ComprehCVd, and if, upon due consiiieration. it aiiiiiliiiiiiii that now in use, it cafinot be thought presuming, when we say r that the one should be adopted and the other abandoned. First, then, we’ wouM divest the Inferior Court ? of their law jurisdiction. 1 hey should no longer be permitted to decide rights and principles, of which they are wi otty Ig-norant, but their busi ness a:id duty should ?>•- confined exclusively to county matters. In *the second plxce, thf* Judicial Circuits in the State, should be remo\v.ded. and so eonstrucl od, as to make the business and labor ©fthe Judges as nearly equal as possible. every circuit a Judge should be appointed, who shov/M reside within the circuit. The Courts in the several cir cuits should be proceeding at the same time, and.. the circuits should commence and cone lade as nearly as practicable, at the same penedis. N> circuit Judge should be permitted t>i the-- same circuit twice in succession, but the Jedges. should alternate. They should be elected *a! present, by the Legislature, and should hold then offices for five years In these circuit courts thete should be but one trial, and that before a Special Jury, to be stricken or selected in the usual M-ay, by the parties. If either party be dissatisfied with the verdict of the Jury, or tlie decision of the Judge upon any point of law, it should be his right to appeal to the Court of Appeals.—The ap peal should be entered with the cler k upon pay ment ot costs and without security; ai.’d tll'e clerk should, within a certain time, transmit h* the cierk of the Court of Appeals, the papers of the cause, that is to say, the statements and brie: nos the attorneys and presiding Judge. Thirdly; the Court of Appeals should sit at ; Milledgevilfe, immediately after the conclusion of the Spring and Fall circuits, and should continue in session until all the questions submitted for its decision, be finally disposed of. The court should consist of three Judges, to be elected by the Le gislature for a term of eight years. The Judges should be attended by a clerk and reporter, the latter to receive a salary from the State. It should be the duty of the clerk to keen a regular docket of Appeals, and tiie Judges should call and decide the cases in their order, fiepringr,coy either or both sides, and without the aid of a Jury. The decision of the Judges should be delivered seriatim. The proceedings of the Court of Ap peals should be published annually by the reporter, for the information of the people.—Whenever an Appeal is decided, it should be certified by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals to the Clerk of the Circuit Court, and tho decision should be held to be final between the parties. Let us, in the fourth place, consider the effect of the present and proposed systems as respects delay and expense. According to the present plan, A. commences an action ot trover to the Su perior Court for Richmond county in May—the cause stands for trial in November, but the de fendant continues on affidavit; in May next the plaint iff continues, and the cause is tried in No vember following, exactly a year and a half after its commencement. The verdict is against B. the defendant, who, being dissatisfied appeals, and the appeal stands for trial in the following May, when the defendant continues—in the November after* the plaintiff’ continuing ; in May the defendant again, and in November the plaintiff, and then in May it is tried upon ti*e appeal— ~ £hus, according to the course of business and practice in our Courts, four years may elapse before * trial thu appeal; but fids is not all—the plaintiff being dis satisfied with the verdict against him, moves the court tor anew trial, and his grounds are ordered to be filed; in the November following, they are argued, and anew trial is ordered; in the next May the new trial is in order for trial, and is con tinued by the defendant, in November continued by plaintiff, in May by defendant again—in No vember by plaintiff, and in the May after a final decision is had, although, even then, either of the parties is at liberty to move another new 7 trial; —> in this way A’s action of Trover is not finally disposed of until seven years after its commence ment. Now all this time, both A. and B. must pay a heavy sum to witnesses —and in officers and Court costs, and Attorneys fees. How would the plan proposed operate allowing to.it, as we have done to tko other, the utmost lassitude of delay of W’hich it is susceptibie ? A. commences his Trover case in May,—it is ready for trial in November—it is continued by plaintiff’ in May after, then by defendant in No vember, by plaintiff again in May, and by dfend ant in November, wdien a verdict is rendered for defendant. A. appeals to the Court sitting in Ja nuary at Milledgeville, and the cause is deter mined in favor ot the defendant, or anew trial is granted ; if the lat ter, the case is ready for trial in May, and the plaintiff continues—in November defendant continues, and in the following May the final verdict is rendered. Thus the time con sumed is four instead of seven years—and the , foes and expenses are lessened in proportion. Ma ny persons are impressed with a belief that suitors must attend with their witnesses before the Ap peal Court—not so—the Court only tries the Law of the case, and the expenses of that trial will on ly extend to the Lawyer’s fee to the clerk. The expenses of a second trial before a Jury w’ill be avoided; and the parties litigant in our Courts will come at justice by a shorter, less laborious, and cheaper journey than they are now obliged to undertake. Besides, they will have nothing to ’ fear from prejudice or bias, whore the Judges al ternate —the Juries are special and stricken—and the final decision made by these Judges, distin guished for legal acquirements, and w 7 ho are, per haps, unknown to them. Fifthly—The powers es a Court of Ordinary should be vested in Judges of Probates, one to be j appointed for each county, with an appeal from his decision directly to the Court of Appeals. This subject is a most interesting and important one—we invite the investigation of it, and cheer fully throw open our columns to all who would discuss it. Through the politeness of Captain Porter, of the. ship Macon, five days from New r -York, we have re* ceived the papers of that city up to the 17th inst. By the ship Chelsea, arrived at New-York don papers had been received at that ] ’ d ce yp to., the IBlh April. The Journal of C., m>nerce ’ re!( marks, that the Bill for the repeal of the Corpora* tion and Test Acts had been the socoiid time,, and would probably pass ; that the political ajfiu’t of the continent wore a pacific Qn the contrary, the editors of the Mor -hants Telegraph state, that they ffimi not bar v in the papers. t change their opinion as to the ws.and .policy oi Russia. . The editors of tho JournM of Commerce had also, received by the ship Henry, Paris papers to the ]7th, aud those of Havre to the 18th ult. Under | the head of Havre, April 17, it is remarked, Ths . a! ales of Cotton havo been 4331 bales of all sorts; j holders continue pretty firm, sales notwithstanding ! free. Tiie demand is principally for- lit’os ;~\ve third; the market may ye* imp/ove, *4 I too great importations do nat cool the chasers,” Appointments by the President of the U, Stdti’ Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, and V\ T liam Pitt Preble, of Maine, to be severa'iy f agents in the Negociution, and upon the ump 1 i elating to the North Eastern Boundary of tu* i United States. John Savage, of New-York, to b Treasure* of tho United States, in the place cf Tdo ny i Tusker,