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~~~SATURDAY MORNING, JULY26, IB2*. It is the crail of demagogues, to carry on their schemes against the rights of the people, under the pretence of subserving their interests. Your rights, says the self-styled patriot, to the people, are in danger ; your interests are jeopar dized by the encroachments of your rulers ; it is I alone who am able to protect you. Having thus excited the multitude to rage and phrenzy, they become the willing tools of his ambition—he en slaves them first, and picks their pockets after wards. Notwithstanding our country is most signally blessed ; notwithstanding she is hastening on the road to prosperity, with rapid and unchecked strides— notwithstanding she enjoys a degree of liberty and happiness hitherto unknown, uninia gined-yet have there lately arisen a class of po liticians whose daily efforts are directed to the task of exciting the prejudices of the people against the government of our choice, of our creation based on the principles of reciprocal benefit, and cemented by the blood of our fathers. These politicians have raised the watch words, 11 Southern Interests” and “ State Rights and have lately made a daring effort to break up the foundations of our civil compact, by imposing upon the Southern people the belief, that their ; interests were to be sacrificed, and their rights ; trampled on, by those who have been appointed , to administer the affairs of the General Govern ment. And as we all know’ that the Soutli has interests, and that the States have rights, many have been hurried away by the intensity ot their feelings, without pausing to enquire what those interests and those rights were, which were en dangered by the profligacy of our rulers. W e all know that the States have rights, and w c fed that our best blood should flow in defence of them. But before w r e answer the call ot the W altCx* borough Address, to “take an attitude of open re sistance to the laws of the Union,’ it is wise, it is prudent, to enquire, which ot those sacred rights cf the States has been violated, and which we aie called on to defend ! In fact, what is it, that is meant by “State Rights - ’ by those who would stir us up to MUTINY and TREASON ? in the language of the Charleston Mercury, the accredited organ of the cabal, “State Rights is I the right of any one State, to protect itself against any law which they may deem unconstitutional! , In other words, the right of a State, at any time, “to take an attitude of resistance against the laws of she Union” — See Charleston Mercury YJth hist. The same paper ot the 16ths/iys, “If we had free trade and our constitutional rights, we could with a small portion of our labor buy up a great deal of the labor of other nations.” [Does“State Rights” here mean the right of cheating foreign nations ?] The same paper continues —“We must proceed upon the principles that the minority have a right to check the majority! That they have a right to say, that when a law [in their opinion] tends to our ruin, it shall be inoperative on us ! Here “State Rights” means the right nf the mi nority to iule the majority , and the right of any State to declare a law of Congress inoperative on them ! “Without this Right, (the same paper conti nues) in all the interests of political protection, they [the minority] can have no liberty. The R- man Republic was based upon this principle.— A single tribune had power to step a law. The poople had a right to declare any law of the Se nate no law.”!! This is “State Rights” with a vengeance ! Why it is rank jacobinism ! Any individual a right to set up his own opinion m opposition to t ie laws of the land :! Yet it is for the attainment of supposed rights like these, that the people of this country are called upon to embrue their hands in their bro thers’ blood ! to subvert those hallowed institu tions, the foundations of which rest upon the graves of our fathers, the tombs of our kindred ! to break asunder the ties of society, and in the place of that harmonious system of order, and po litical security, which now so happily prevails, introduce anarchy, confusion, and civil war ! It is for such idle fancies as these, under the sa cred name of “ State Rights.’ that we are called upon ** -to take an attitude of open resistance to the law's of the Union.” It is for such absurb principles, that we are called upon to barter the peace, prosperity—nay the very existence of this great nation! People of Georgia, sucti are the flimsey preten ces under which are veiled the reckless designs of demagogues, the madschem.es of TREASON ! Under our present system of government, our notion has advanced to an enviable pitch of glory t Are the mad politicians of our day, prepared to mar all, and barter all, for a yard of broadcloth ? The deeds < f oui patriots in arts and in arm 6, are our pride and our boast, throughout the world ) and where is the American, whereever he may have wandered, whatever soil his footsteps may have pressed,—whose bosom thrills not with de light, at the mention of those bright names which adorn our historic page ? Are the disunion dema gogues now ready to barter their glorious inheri tance. which consists in the fame of their ances tors.for the paltry consideration of a yard of broad cloth ? So it would seem they have determined, by a reference to their newspaper-writings and dinner epecche s. Yesterday Statira R.estrein, a free woman of co lor, was brought before a court of magistrates, consisting of Justices Russell, Sheflall, Beers and Vale au, on a charge of murdering an infaut. After a fair investigation the prisoner was discharged. Jerrv, a slave, the property of Josiah Penfield, was also brought up, charged with forging a due bill on Chichester & Scranton. Ho was found guilty, and sentenced to receive 78 lashes on two different days, and to be imprisoned until the Bth of August, and then to stand one hour in a pillo ry to be erected for the purpose before the Court •House. A correspondent complains of the daily assem, blage of negroes in the market-house, for tho pur pose of pitching cents, wrestling, fighting, and throwing brickbats ; corrupting tho young by the example of bad habits ; and putting the modesty of respectable ladies (who may be compelled to pass that way) to the blush, by the exhibition oi vulgar actions and indecent language. Not being cognizant of the facts, we refer the matter to the proper authority tor correction — viz. the Po lice. SUMMARY. The great failure which recently occurred in New York, is said to be the house of Thomas H Smith, one of the most extensive Tea Merchants in this country. The French papers announce the death of the gallant and scientific officer, Sir William Con greve. He died at Toulouse, and his remains, on the 16th of May, were interred in the Protestant Cemetery. An article from Constantinople, dated April 25, states, that “the Porte had concluded with the U. States of America a convention, granting to their ships the Channel,but not into the Black Sea, on payment of a duty of 5 per cent, on the value of their cargo. Several vessels of that nation ac cordingly entered in the course of the week, un der their own flag.” The Marquis of Palmella, on the 23d of May, transmitted an official note to Lord Dudlev, stat ing that in consequence of the proceedings of Don Miguel, he could no longer, consistently with his oath of allegiance to Don Pedro, his successors and the charter, hold any further communication with the present government of Portugal, until further instructions from Don Pedro, his master. The Brazilian Plenipotentiaries in Europe have pro tested against the proceedings of Don Miguel and the convocation of the Cortes. i Accounts from Havre de Grace, dated the 27th, state that the French government were enforcing the conscription law to the last degree. Contrary to any precedent since the peace, two young men have been taken from one family to serve in the army; and artizans were peremptorily required to join the depot if they happened to be drawn; they were not allowed to furnish a substitute. All the print shops are filled with characteristic represen tations of Napoleon, his Marshals, and his Army. The Earl of Aberdeen, a nobleman of great learning, correct principles and extensive politi cal knowledge, is spoken of as the probable suc cessor of Earl Dudley, as Secretary of State for the Foreign Department. We learn from the Canada papers, that Judge Willis, who has been dismissed from the office of puisne Judge of the Court of King’s Bench, U. C. until his Majesty's pleasure shall be known, in tends to sail soon for England. His wife, Lady Mary Willis, and his family will remain in Cana da. An address, expressive of the respect of the inhabitants for the Judge, and of their regret at | loosing his services on the Bench, has been pre sented to him, in which the subscribers express their hope that he will he reinstated, and their desire to provide for the safety and comfort of his wife during his absence. The committee consists of John Galt, Esq. and lady, and Doctor Warren Baldwin and lady; to which committee is added j Robert Baldwin, Esq. as her Ladyship’s solicitor. A large collection of Poems, in the old Bohe mian language of the 13th and 14th centuries, have been discovered in the library of Prague, de scribing the invasion of the Saxons in Bohemia; Udalric's victory over the Poles; the battle against the Tartars; an ancient Tournament, the prize of which was the Duke's daughter; and a war of the heathenish Bohemians against the German Princes, who wanted to convert them to Christi anity. The same paper states that the harvest com menced the last week—the crops have never been more abundant. United States’ Troops. —A detachment of troops, numbering 150, arrived at Albany on the 10th inst. in canal boats, from Green Bay, via Buffalo, and left for New York in the afternoon, in the steam boat Victory, capt. Thomas Wiswall. Their des tination is the North Eastern frontier, in the state of Maine. This detachment is accompanied by Inspector General Croghan, who, during the late war, bravely and successfully defended a fort in the Indian country, against a much larger force of British and Indiane. The next Provincial Parliament of Upper Ca nada is summoned, by proclamation, to meet on the 12th August, the present one having been dis solved. The Philadelphia National Gazette states, that the whole of the Union C anal Loan ($300,000) was taken at a premium of 4 per cent. An attempt has been made, but unsuccessfully, to rob the vault of the Roger Williams Bank of Providence. jYantucket Sheep Shearing .—The number of sheep assembled at the late shearing in Nantucket was about 12,000. The wool is worth from 20 to 25 cents a pound. OBSERVANCE OP THE SABBATH. Messrs. Editors, We enclose to you for publication the follow ing address of the convention assembled in the city : of New York, in May last, for the purpose of de -1 vising and adopting measures for the better ob servance of the Lord’s day. It is a masterly pro duction, and the contents of it cannot but be more or less interesting to all of your readers. The ar guments which are therein employed must com mend it at once to the statesman, the philanthro ’ pist, and the Christian—and we trust that a care ful and candid perusal of it, will do much in fur therance of the large and respectable society, re cently formed in this city. When we consider I the nature of the Sabbath as a day set apart from i the beginning cf the world, to promote at once, man's temporal refreshment and spiritual improve ment ; and the extent of it, as reaching to all classes of the human family, in e,very clime and country—it must be evident that in neglecting to employ it for the purposes intended by Him who instituted it, we do virtually call in question his wisdom, goodness and authority. Our design isi i in a series of communications, and extracts from the writings of pious and learned men, to extend , through the medium of our valued public prints ; in this city,such information as will leave those who I now, inconsiderately, profane the Christian Sab bath—without a plea and without an argument. — Yours, &c. ‘ THE COMMITTEE. TO THE PEOPLE CP THE U. STATES. Fellow-Citizens. —The Convention a.s ----: sembietl in the city of New York from vu ; rious parts of our country, composed oi [gentlemen es different religious denomin ations, to confer upoD measures to secure the better observance of the Sabbath, avail themselves of the present opportunity to explain to you their views, and to appeal to your good sense, your patriotism, your conscience, and your piety, in behaif ot that divine institution. It is universally admitted that the preva lence of knowledge .and virtue among a people is indispensable to elevated and permanent batioual prosperity: and pro eminently to for the perpetuity of republi can institutions, in a nation so extended as our own in territory, so rich in soil, so mul titudinous in number, so vigorous in enter prise, and, unless restrained by moral pow er, so sure to be carried by the tide ot a corrupting abundance, to disoluteness, ef feminacy, and ruin. It is not denied that the Sabbath brings to our aid the only power which can con duct our glorious experiment of self-gov ernment to an auspicious result, the only power which can balance tne temptations t.f avarice and wealth, and reconcile emi nent prosperity with moral purity and abid ing liberty and equality. It is alike obvious, that the Subbath ex erts this salutary power by making the po pulation of a nation acquainted with the being, perfections, and laws of God ; with our relations to him as creatures, our obli gations to him as subjects of his moral go vernment, and our character as sinners for whom his mercy has provided a Saviour ; under whose remedial government we live, to be restrained from sin and excite I to duty by the alternate influence of hop© and fear, and to be reconciled to God by the energies of his Spirit attending his word and ordinances. Ii is by tlie reiterated instruction which tlie Sabbath, duly observed, imparts t the population of a nation ; by the moral prin ciple which it forms; by the conscience which it maintains and invigorates, by the habits of cleanliness and industry which it cieates ; by the rest and renovated vigor which it bestows on exhausted animal na ture ; by the lengthened life and higher health it gives; and by the holiness which it inspires, and the cheering hopes of hea ven that it awarkens, and the protection of heaven which its observance insures—that the Sabbath becomes the great conservator of nations. (to be continued.) The Answer of Governor Taylor, of South Ca rolina, to the Colleton Address, requesting him to call an extra meeting of the Legislature. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, } July 4th, lti2d. 3 To James Raysor , Esq. Chairman of the Meeting of the Citizens of Colleton Dis- trict , lately held at Walter borough . Sir —That I may escape no re.sponsibil ity, | frankly state, that previous to the re ceipt of yor address to me, I had deter mined to resist any application for calling together th ? Legislature, unless based upon the most unequivocal unanimity of the ci tizens of South Carolina, in favor of such a measure. I have deferred answering your sugges tions for a few weeks in the expectation, th it if any other district or section of the S a:© entertained similar views to those en - tertained by the citizens of Colleton dis trict, dial those views would be made known to me—none such however came to me, and ii is therefore fairly to be inferred that the measure you ask me to adopt, is no where in our State desired but by those on whose behalf you have made your commu nication to me This aspect of the question it would seem to me, is calculated to convince you of the impropriety or inexpediency of my com plying with the r quest you have made. The members ol the Senate and House of Representatives of this State have at great inconvenience and at considerable private and public expense attended within this year, one extra session ; another to occur in the most unsafe season of the year, for health; the most inconvenient on ac count of the domestic arrangements of the planter and farmer, would not be likely to be attended with the punctuality desirable for the consideration of subjects so momen tous as those to which you have called my attention. The term for which all the members of the house and a portion of tha Senate were elected, is within a few months of expiring ; the voice of those, however respectable they may be, would not in a crisis like the present, come furtli with as decisive and commanding effect as would the voice of such as will in November next be convened, warm with the feelings and sentiments of their constituents ; and unforgetful of the instructions they have received from them. And the more is this intimate and unre moved relation between the Representative and his constituents to be desired on this particular instance; from the known fact that the law of Congress (the late Tariff) lias become a flatter of public, of universal discussion among the people of South Ca rolina, that it is highly probable the elec tion may turn, on the opinions of the peo ple on this very subject, in which case, it will not be using a forced figure to say that the people will speak through the mouths of their lepresentatives. The time of great public excitement is not a time propitious for cool deliberation or wise determination ; finally, the interval between this and the third Monday in No vember next, is in rnv humble opinion, not too long for the people, the senators and representatives of this state, to consider, to deliberate, and to determine, upon the high matters brought to view in your addi ess I tender to you sir, i?nd through you sir, to tin* citizens of Colleton district, my hum ble respects. JOHH TAYLOR. h Long Text —A clergyman was once going to preach on the text of tne Samaritan woman; and after reading it, he said, “Do not wonder, my be loved, that the text £is so long; for it is a woman that speak*.” Prom the New York Commercial Advertiser. Rio .—The wages of stevidores, riggers, &c. have been of late reduced; ai;d there has been in fact less them, for several months past. It is by no means evident that this has resulted from, or been materially prompted by the passage ot the new tariff law. Intelligent merchants ot the highest standing have assured us that the same depression of commerce would have existed, if the passage of that law had never been agitated The reduction of their wages, however, led the labourers to form a Combination to strike , and to do no woik unless they were paid the usual sum of ten shillings a day. Uhey also re solved to go further, and to peimit none of the craft to work at a reduced rate. Yes terday a body of nearly three hundred ot them assembled in the upper part of the city, and proceeded down along the wharves on the East River, forcibly removing such of their own occupation as were at work. Among others, they took away the persons employed in the Liverpool packet ship Florida. Having swept the East River side, they went round to the North, and there took away the men at work in the packet ship France, though they weie em ployed at the old wages ‘They then,” says the Gazette, “proceeded to the packet ship Sully Captain Macy, where a num ber of men were employed in discharging | ballast. Here the rioters halted, and com manded the nieu to come ashore, but their demand not being complied with, they made an attempt to ascend the stage at the side of the ship, when Capt. Macy ordered them to desist, which they refused, ami immediately made preparations to board thevessel. At this juncture Capt. Macy directed the fastenings to be cut, and the whole were precipitated on to the wharf The signal was then given for a general attack, and the rioters immediately seized on the ballast stones, and other missiles, which were discharged in vollies at the persons on deck. Several individuals met witli considerable injury among them were Capt. Clarke of the new ship Charles Carroll, who received a severe contusion on the head; Capt. YVhithall of the Don Quixotte,Capt. Macy, and Mr. Peel, his mate, who were all more or less injured In fact almost every individual on the deck of the ship was struck by some of the mi.>- siles Capt. Clarke received the greatest injury, and, after the mob was dispersed, was conveyed home in a carriage. At this crisis the riot assumed such an alarming aspect, as to induce the discharge J of two pistols among the rioters, which, without doing any injury, created an alarm ; among them and caused them to retreat. — About this time, a large body of police of ficers, &,c., headed by the Mayor, Recor ded and several Aldermen, made their ap pearance, and succeeded in securing nine of the gang, who were forthwith escorted to the police office, and after an examination before Justice Hopson, were fully commit ted for trial. One of the indi\iduals taken was clearly proved, several respectable witnesses, to be the ringleader. The name.’ of those taken are, William Denwiek, fthe leader, a stout, dark, complexioued fellow, with monstrous black whiskers,) Jacob Hoffman, John Milter William Phelps, \\ Hliam Bulleu, James Guhan, * antes Williams, James Crawford, and Nmhulas Crohn. We understand that the Witnesses were bound over to appear before the Grand Jur , which is now in cession, at 11 o’clock this morning, when true bills, will, no doubt be found against the whole of them and on their arraignment before tiio Couri of Sessions, they will doubtless receive a just reward for their outrageous conduct.” In addition to the above named, Daniel M,Konzie, was taken last evening, exam ined, and fully committed. This morning, two others viz: Peter Henry Fiel, and Oliver Johnson, were taken, exinniued, and committed; and at noon, the Grand Jury were engaged, in investigating the case. It has been intimated that the Police Of fice were not soo i enough on the alert; but we learn that, immediately on being in formed, the Police Magistrates despatched all the officers that were within call, to the East River side, and that when application came from the ship Sully, on the Noth side, the Mayor apprised Mr, Recorder Riker of the riot, who immediately ordered a recess of the Court of Sessions, and with the Aldermen, and all the Officers of the Court, accompanied the Mayor to the scene of confusion. Saratoga Springs. —The season has set in, good earnest. Hacks and postcoaclms, portmanteaus and bandboxes, the southern nabobs and the east ern belles give life and animation to Congress Hall, the head-quarters of wine and water drinkers —the very emporium of beauty and fashion—of gouty aldermen and hypochondriac old women.— The campaign, it is said, will be very brilliant, though it may be short, for though the Tariff is drowned in a huge pitcher of the sparkling ele ment, and nothing but pleasure reigns; still, there are rides to Lake George, to Lebanon, and a hun dred agreeable excursions, which shorten a visit to the Springs. Mr. Drake, the enterprising and attentive host of Congress Hall, the same, by the by, who has the splendid Tontine at New Haven, is quite at home in every thing appertaining to taste and comfort There are many excellent hotels at Saratoga, and our old friend Dillon, of the Pavillion, is not forgotton. A Summer Thea tre is in contemplation, and the Operatic contemplate giving concerts.—N. Y. Enq. Centre of the Earth. —ln a paper lately com municated to the British Royal Society, Sir Hum phrey Davy has given his hypothesis of the cause of volcanoes, drawn from a comparison of their several phenomena, as observed in different parts of the globe. Many of the observations on which his theory is founded have been made by this dis tinguished chemist in person. He submits as the most probable solution of the phenomena of burn ing mountains, the theory that the centre of the globe is a mass of liquid fire. Volcanic combus tion, according to his researches, is occasioned by the oxedization of vast bodies es metallic earths, exposed in their subterraneous position to the ac tion of water or of common atmospheric air.— This conclusion is deduced from the following, among other circumstances. No sensible differ ence is observed upon the surface of the hot lava flowing out from openings in the earth. Bubbles are found in this lava which emit a white vapor that upon analysis is found to be atmospheric air. New York, July 14 On Saturduy, the cause of the gainst E. J. Roberts, for an assault up,,.. M. A®. Noah, was tried in Court of Sessions and resulted iii a verdict agaii,*i r . erts. U heat Crop. —lt is reported that Wheat hi the middle and western parts < f this State, has been much injured by t h last rains* The farmers complain of r . being so much rusted, that many fields wi ] riot be worth harvesting. 11 alt -Vater, of a good quality,has recen;. ly been discovered by boring 80 Clyde, Wayne co. The salt made from it is said to be good. Difference in Constitution. —Substances that are poisonous to ono tribe of ar.inis| s are medical to a second, and very highly nutritive to a third. Thus, swine are ncjl soned by pepper seeds, which to niaua re a serviceable tnd grateful spice; while hen, bane roots,which destroy mankind, prove * wholesome diet to swine In like man, ner, aloes which to our kind is a useful medicine, is a rank venom to dogs foxes; and the horse, which h> poisoned by the water hemlock, and corrosive sub ■- mate, will take a drain of arsenic daily, improve thereby both in his coat and co;. ditiou. New York Farmer. law Case. —We find in the Eastern Argus, & decision pronounced by Judge Ware. intficDis. trict Court of the United States, in the ease of James Poland and others, libelants, against the freight and cargo of the brig Spartan, and Jacob Quincy end others, claimants. The case is stated by the Judge, to be one of the jiist impression— that is to say, a case now first presented for jun. cial determination. The points decided in the case are —that seamen by the maritime law ha’ e a lien on the freight as well as the vessel for their wages —that this lien is not taken away by a tta tue of the United States for the government of seamen in the merchant service, vol. 11. 0 f the laws, ch. 56, sect. 7, which allows process against the vessel —that in case of a ship taken by a char ter party obliging the charterers to bear the ex penses of victualling and manning, and makiaw them owners for the voyage, the seamen have a lien for their wages on the cargo shipped on ac count of the charterers—that the charterers i& such case having become insolvent, and flavin* assigned their property to pay their among whom w ere the seamen, their wages v,era still to be preferred both to the title of the assig nees under the assignment and to that gained by the attaching creditors —and finally, that where property is attached for security in the admiralty, the attachment may be dissolved and the property restored to the claimant on his filing a stipulation with sureties, according to a form usedbytii* Court. The Vice President , J. C. Calhoun,— The New York American observes, tint the Vice President appears to be a relict in ihe State of New York. From the signs of the times, he certainly is but Ijitie thought of in the politieial world. This is not to be wondered at ; at one time he contended fora great cousolidatedGoverii merit, with the most splendid system of internal improvement; at another, for State sovereignty; at one time, for placing manufactures beyond the reach of ’contifr gencics ; at another* he is opposed to aq increased Tariff, because it would encour age manufactures. So we go and such is our just re ward. Ch. City Gazette. Anew case under fire policy. —A new and curious question has arisen under a policy of insurance against fie, upon some building in the county-of Essex, whieb was lately struck by lightning, and very considerably damaged/though it <I id nut take fire; and the qnesrion is whether the insurance, in a common fire policy, are lia ble for the damage The case opens a very tempting field of legal ai*d philoso* phical discussion, as whether electricity is fire , according to the common accep tation of this term; and if it be so, whetb the damage is so directly the effect of this fire in the clouds, as to render the under* writers responsible &c. &c. Si \ Th? question is so curious, that all, excepting* perhaps, the parties immediately concerned would be almost inclined to regret thalthu case should be settled without sufficient contest, at least, to elicit discussion. From Havana. —By the ship Alfred, we received says the N. Y. Morn Com* ier, our files of Havanna papers to the inst. inclusive. A Spanish Squadron, ct a* sisting of the frigate Iberia, brigs Cautivo, Hercules, Marte, Maria-Amelia, and schrs. Guerrero and Seberuo, under the orders of Com. Laßorde, sailed frem Havauaofi a cruize, on the 30th ult. The U. S. sloop of war Erie, Capt- Turner, also left Ilavanna on the santf day. The Erie was spoken yest<o ; J morning about 45 miles S. E. of S Hook, bound to this port, by the brig Cin lian, from Messina. The British armed schr. Nimble, Capl - rs, from Nassau, N. P. arrived Havana, 27th ult. ‘ Canals —Tle embankment of the f i!p ; miagton Canpl gave way near a few days ago, by which much darns?’ was done to meadows. It is said to very doubtful whether this Canal can “ succeeded from the nature of the ‘_ r which it seems impossible to saturate 1 to prevent the water leaking out * soil which the Blackstone Canal i' ui:S ’ • generally very favorable to the retenb"!)^ ! waier.- Scon’s Pond forms almost the . exception. The water of that pond , ; been raised about 14 feet from its w*! 91 level, and in many places has f° UJ ’ way in little rivulets through the t n, h al i meats, which are formed of a gravel!) a porous soil. The saturation, goes, on very well, and no difficulty | 1(lS j curred or is apprehended. ! Scott’s Pond is a smaller collection 1 ’ ter, known as Cranberry Pond. eaf l centre of this is a long strip of which though apparently staled, 111 uS attached to the bottom by means el j the island having risen with the the Pond. 14 feet above its fornici R. I V- . * •’ *