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tMUIB AIRCTSh THURSDAY MORSIXGf DEC. U,1b23. The a refit length of the presidents message has precluded much other matter prepared fox thin days paper. We have received from our correspondents the oHiinre of the N. Y. Daily Advertiser, and Mor- Bins Courier, and the Philadelphia Gazette, slips containing Liverpool dates to the i>th Oi lolier, aiwlaccounts front Rochelle, France, to the 24th T>*e English aeCounts have been anticipated bv the Sarah Sheaf, at this port. Several articles from the French papers will be found interesting. Constantinople Sept. 27.—The port© has receiv ed the official news that the Grand Vivier arrived on the 15th September at the camp at V ama, by lake Leman. The captain pacha to gain time, had deceive ! the Russians, and proposed to sub mit until the 14th September; the grand vizier ar rived on the loth; it is supposed that the siege has been raised. Hasnev Bey announces the gen eral rCtieat of the Russians from Chotimla, and the defeat on the 9th, 13th, and 17th, September, ofthr.se under command of Wittgenstein. The w. v* were encumbered with dead and wounded Russians, the.r baggage and artillery are lost and in case of their retreat from Varna, they will not nave a gun. The grand seign*r is in ms camp at Ramischiflic; the Turks are m the height of en thusiasm.- — Gazette de Et a nee. Bucharest Sept. 30.—We are delivered from our dismay, by learning the agreeable news that Gen. GiWir has beaten the I’urks who came tmm Widdin. 500 prisoners, 13 cannon and 7 stand ards taken (Our English papers say the 1 urks were 30,000 strong ) Frince Sonerbatofl must have arrived near Silistria with his reinforcements bv this time ; and Gen. Roth, in spite of unfavora ble reports, has taken position against the I urks on the road to RudschucK.— (raz- Vienna, (Jet. 11. —Negociations were to be car ried on with regard to the evacuation of the Mo rea, and different communications from the three ambassadors, must have been sent to the Porte by the Austrian internuncio. It was believed that the Divan would decide by giving orders for the evacuation of the Morea, and acceding to the treaty of Cth July. It is seid that new symptoms of plague had been observed at Bucharest, lb. Letters from Xante say that a french officer had arrived there, to moke arrangements to sup ply -lie French troops in the Morea with provisions -~his offers amounting to 70,000 francs a month. AH the M wcotS Turks who would not follow Ibra him, have been taken to the castle of Navarino, and negotiations are making with the Greek go vernment for their security. The forts have been pi iced in the hands of the French, who are puri fvimr them, beginning with Navarino, where Cos in Guilleminot has his head quarters. The third division of the French expedition ar rived at Navarino Sept. 10th. The 1 urkish offi cers commanding the fortresses, refused at that time to subscribe to Ibrahim s capitulation. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, Communicated to both Houses, at the commence ment -f th 2d Session of the 20th Congress. To the Senate ana House o f Representatives of the United States. Fkllow-Cittiens of the Sf.sate, and of tiie Hoc si: of Representatives: If the enjoyment in profusion of the bounties of Providence forms a suitable subjeet of mutual gratillation and grateful acknowledgment, we are admonished at this return of the season, when the Representatives of the Nation are assembled to deliberate up>n their concerns, to offer up the tribute of fervent and grateful hearts, for the ncVer-failing mercies of Hi.n who rnletli over ail. He ha3 again favored us With healthful seasons and abumhnt°harvcsts He has sustained us in with foreign countries, and in tranquility within pur borders. He has preserved us in the quiet and undisturbed possession of civil and religious liberty. He has crowned the year with his good ness. imposing on us no other conditions than of improving for our own happiness the blessings be stowed by His hands, and, in the fruition of all His favors, of devoting the faculties with which v;e have been endowed by Him to his glory and to ffur own temporal and eternal welfare. In the relations of our Federal Union with our brethren of the human rice, the changes which have occurred since the cloe of your la.at session, have generally tended to tjie preservation of peace, * and to the cultivation of harmony. Before your last separation, a War had unhappily been kindled betwoen the Empire of Russia, one of those with which our intercourse has been no other than a constant exchange of good offices, and that of the ! Ottoman Porte, a nation from which geographical j distance, religious opinions, and maxims of go vernment on their part little suited to the forma tion of those bonds of mutual benevolence which resu’t from the benefits of commerce, had kept us in a state, perhaps too much prolonged, of cold ness and alienation. The extensive, fertile, and : populous dominions of the Sultan, belong rather \ to the Asiatic, than the European division of the i human family. They enter but partially into the J system of Europe ; nor have their wars with Rus f.ia and Austria, the European states upon which they border, for more than a century past, disturb ed the pacific relations of those states with the other Great Powers of Europe. Neither France, mr nor Great Britain, lias ever taken part in them; nor is it to be expected that they wll at this time. The declaration of war hy Russia has received the approbation or acquies cence of her allies and we mav indulge the hope that its progress and termination will be signali zed bv the moderation and forbearance, no less than by the energy of the Emperor Nicholas, and that it will afford the opportunity for such collate ral agency in behalf of the suffering Greeks, as will secure to ‘hem ultimately the triumph of hu manity and of freedom. The state of our particular relations with France, has scarcely varied m the course of the present year. Tire commercial intercourse be tween the two countries has continued to increase for the mutual benefit of both. The claims of in deointv to numbers of our fellow-citizens for de precations upon their property heretofore commit ted, during the Revolutionary Governments, still remain unadjusted, and still term the subject of earnest representation and remonstrance. Recent advices from the Minister of the United States at Paris encourage the expectation that the appeal to the justice of the French Government will ere Jong receive a favorable consideration. The last friendly expedient has been resorted to for the decision of the controversy with Great Britain, relating to the North Eastern boundary of the United States. By an agreement with the British Government, carrying into effect the pro visions of the fifth article of the Tiealy of Ghent, and the convention of the 29th Sept Jc27, his Majesty the King of the Netherlands has by com mon consent been selected as the umpire between the parties. The proposal to him to accept the designation for the performance of this friendly office will be made at an early tiay,nnd the United States, relying upon the justice of their cause, will cheerfully commit the arbitrament of it to a Prince equally diatinguished for the independence of his spirit, ids indefatigable assiduity to the du ties of . his station, and his inflexible personal pro bity. Our commercial rela ins with Great Britain will deserve the serious consideration of Congress, and the exercise of a conciliatory and forbearing spirit in the policy of both Governments. The state of them has been materially changed by the Act of Congress passed at their last Session, in alteration of the several Acts imposing duties ou imposts, and by Acts of more recent date of the British Parliament. The effect of the interdic tion of direct trade commenced by Great Britain, and reciprocated by the United States, has been, as was to be foreseen, *vly to substitute different channels for an exchange of commodities indis pensable to the colonies, and profitable to a nu merous class of our fellow-citizens. The exports, the revenue, the navigation df the United Mates, have suffered no diminution by our exclusion n direct access to the British Colonies. Ihe C • nios pay’ more dearly tor the necessaries of life, which their Government burdens with the char ges of double voyages, freight, insurance and commission, and the profits of onr exports are ! somewhat impaired, and more injuriously transfer ‘ red from one portion of our eitizfens to another. — ! The resumption of this old and otherwise exploded : system of Colonial exclusion has not secured to the shipping interest ot Great Britain, the relief whi> *i, at the expense of the distant colonies, and of the United States, it was expected to afford;— * Other measures have been resorted to more point edly bearing upon the navigation of the United States, and which, unless modified by the con struction given to the recent Acts of Parliament, ’ w ill be manifestly incompatible with the positive stipulations of the commercial convention exist ing between the two countries. ‘I hat convention, however, may be terminated, with twelve months notice, at the option of either party. A treaty of amitv, navigation and commerce between the United'States and his Majesty the Emperor of Austria. King es Hungary and Bone tuia, has been prepared for signature by the Se cretary of State, and by the Baron de tedeier, intrusted with full powers of the Austrian Go vernment. Independently of the new and friendly relations which may be thus commenced with one of tho most eminent and powerful nations of the Earth, the occasion has been taken in it, as in other recent Treaties concluded by the U- Mates, to extend those principles of liberal intercourse and of fair reciprocity which intertwine with the exchano-cs of commerce, the principles of justice, and the feelings of mutual benevolence 1 his system, first proclaimed in the first commercial Treaty ever concluded by the U. States, that of 6th ► f February, 1778, with Franco, has been in variably the cherished policy of our Union. It is by treaties of commerce alone that it can be made ultimately to prevail as the established system of all civilized nations. With this principle our fa thers extended the hand of friendship to every nation of the globe, and to this policy our country has ever since adhered —whatever of regulation in our laws has ever been adopted unfavorable to the interest of any foreign nation, has been essen tially defensive and counteracting to similar regu lations of their’s operating against us. Inline lately after the close of the war of inde pendence, commissioners were appointed by the Congress of the confederation, authorized to con clude treaties with every nation of Europe dispo sed to adopt them. Before the wars of the French revolution, such treaties had been con.sumated with the United Netherlands, Sweden and Prussia During those wars, treaties with Great Britain and Spain had been effected, and those with Prus sia and France renewed. In all these, some con cessions to the liberal principle of intercourse pro posed by the United States had boon obtained ) but as, in all the negotiations, they came bcca sionally in collision with previous internal regula tions, or exclusive and excluding compacts of mo nopoly, with which the other parties had been trammelled, the advances made in them towards the freedom of trade were partial and imperfect. Colonial establishments, chartered companies and ship building influence, pervaded and encumbered the legislation of all the great commercial states ; and the United States, in offering free trade and equal privilege to all, were compelled to acquiesce ] in many exceptions with each of the parties to j their treaties, accommodated to their existing laws j and anterior engagements. The colonial system by which this whole hetnis-1 pile re was hound has flilien into ruins. Totally j abolished by revolutions, converting colonies into ■ independent nations, throughout the two Ameri- 1 can Continents, excepting a portion of territory chiefly at the northern extremity of our own, and j confined to the remnants of dominion retained by Great Britain over the insular Archipelago, geo- i graphically the appendages of our part of the j globe. With all the rest we have free trade—! even with the insular colonies of ell the European nations except Great Britain. Her Government also had manifested approaches to the adoption of a free and liberal intercourse between her colonies and other nations, though, by a sudden and scarce ly explained revolution, toe spirit of exclusion has been revived for operation upon the U. States alone. Thu conclusion of our last Treaty of Peace with Great Britain was shortly afterwards follow ed bv a commercial convention placing the direct intercourse between s two countries upon a footing ol more equ./ .ociprocity than had ever before been admitted. The same principle has since been much farther extended by Treaties with France, Sweden, Denmark, the llansiaticl cities, Prussia, in Europe, and with tiie Republics ■ Colombia, and of Central America, in this hemis- j phere. The mutual abolition of discriminating t duties and charges, upon the navigation and com mercial intercourse between the parties is the oreneral maxim which characterizes them all.— ‘f'here is reason to expect that it will, at no dis tant period, be adopted by other nations b->th of Europe and America, and to hope that by its uni versal prevalence, one of the fruitful sources of wars of commercial competition will be extin guished. Among the nations upon whose Governments nnny of our fellow-citizens have had long pend ing claims of indemnity for depredations upon their property during a peiiod when the rights of neutral commerce were disregarded, was that of Denmark. They were, soon alter the events oc curred, the subject of a special mission from the United .States, at the,close of which the assurance was given by his Danish Majesty that, at a period of more tranquility, and of less distress, they would he considered, examined and decided upon, in a spirit of determined purpose for the dispen sation of justice. I have much pleasure in in-1 forming Congress, that the fulfilment of this honorable promise is now in progress; that a small i portion of the claims has already been settled to the satisfaction of the claimants ; and that we have j reason to hope that the remainder will shortly be placed in a train of equitable adjustment. Tins i result has always been confidently expected from the character of personal integrity and of bene-. | volence which the Sovereign of the Danish Do- \ minions has, through every vicissitude of fortune,; maintained. The general aspect of the affairs of our neigh boring American nations of the south has been ra ther of approaching than of settled tranquility.— Internal disturbances have been more frequent; among them than their common friends would ‘ have desired. Our intercourse with all has con- ; tinued to be that of friendship, and of mutual good will. Treaties of commerce and of boundaries! with the United Mexican states have been nego ciated, but, from various successive obstacles, not yet brought lo a final conclusion. The civil war ; which unfortunately still prevails in the Republic ‘ of Central America, has been unpropiLious to the I cultivation of our commercial relations with them; ; and the disscn&i -ns and revolutionary changes in i the Republics of Colombia and of Peru, liavp been ■ seen with cordial regret by us, who would gladly ! contribute to the of both. It is with ! great satisfaction, however, that we have witness- ‘ ed the recent conclusion of a peace between the governments of Buenos Ayres and of Brazil; and it is equal y gratifying to observe that indemnity ; has been obtained for some of the injuries which our fellow citizens had sustained in the latter of those countries The rest are in a train of nego- • tiation, which we hope may terminate to mutual satisfaction, and that it may be succeeded by a ‘ treaty of commerce, and navigation upon liberal; principles, propitious to a groat and growing com merce, alleady important to the interests of our i country. The condition and prospects of the Revenue are j more favorable than our most sanguine expecta tions had anticipated. The balance in the treasu- j ry on the first of January last, exclusive of the ‘ moneys received under the convention of 13th of November, 1626, v\ ith Gieat Britain, was five mil lions eight hundred and sixty-one thousand nine : hundred and *venty-two dollars and eighty-three i cents The receipts into the treasury from tire ‘ first of Januaiy to the 30th of September last , so ! f ar as t j lo y hove been ascertained to form the basts ! of an estimate amount to eighteen millions six - hundred ami thirty-three thousand five hundred and eighty cUllars-and twenty-seven cents, which . with the receipt* of the present quarter, estimated Tt fivp millions four hundred and six-one thousand ! two hundred and eighty-three dollars and forty 1 cents, form an aggregate of receipts during the vear of twenty-four millions and ninety-four thou sand eight nundred and sixty-three dollars and sixty-seven cents. The expenditures of tho year may probably amount to twenty-five millions six • hundred awl thirty-seven thousand five hundred and elevenjdollars knd sixty-three cents; and leave in the treasury oil the Ist of January next, the sum of five millions one hundred and twenty-five thousand six hundred and thirty-eight dollars four teen cents. ‘ The receipts of the present year have amonnt ’ ed to near two millions more than was anticipated at the commencement of the last session ot Con q*he amount of duties secured on importations from the Ist of January to the 30th of September, was about twenty-two millions nine hundred and ninetv-seven thousand, aud that of the estimated accruing revenue is five millions, leaving an ag oreo-ateTor the vear of near twenty-eight millions. Tins is one million more than the estimate made last Decomber for the accruing revenue of the present year, which, with allowances tor diaw backs and contingent deficiencies, was expected to produce an actual revenue of twenty-two mil lions three hundred thousand dollars. Had these only been realized, the expenditures of the year would have been also proportionally reduced For of these twenty-four millions received, up wards of nine millions have been applied to the Extinction of public debt bearing an interest of six per cent, a year, and of course reducing the bur den of interest annually payable in future, by the amount of more than hall a million. Ihe pay , ments on account ot interest during the current year exceed three millions ot dollars; presenting an aggregate of more than twelve millions applied during the year to the discharge of the public debt, the whole of which remaining due on the J Ist of January next will amount only to fifty-eight j millions tlireo hundred and sixty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-five dollars, seventy-eight cents. That the revenue of the ensuing year will not fall short of that received in the one now expiring there arc indications which can scarcely prove j deceptive. In our country, an uniform experience of forty years has shown that whatever the tariffj of duties upon articles imported Irom abroad has j been, the amount of importations has always borne j an average value nearly approaching to that of tho exports, though occasionally differing in the ba lance, sometimes being more, and sometimes less. It is, indeed, a general law of prosperous corn- j meroe, that the real value of exports should, by small, and only a small balance, exceed that ot imports, that balance being a permanent addition to the wealth of the nation. The extent of the prosperous commerce of the nation must be regu lated by the amount of its exports; and an import ant addition to the value of these will draw after it ’ a corresponding increase of importations. It has | happened, in the vicissitudes of tho seasons, that : the harvests of all Europe have, in the late sum mer and autumn, fallen short of therr usual aver age. A relaxation of the interdict upon the im portation of gram ami flour from abroad has ensur ed; a propitious market has been opened to tho granaries of our country; paid anew prospect oi reward presented to the labors of the husbandman, which, for several years, has been denied. This accession to the profits of agriculture in the mid- . die arid western portions of our Union is acoiden- j tal and temporary It may continue omy for a single year. It may be, as has been oflen experi enced in the revolutions of time, but the first of several scanty harvests in succession. We may consider it certain that, for the approaching year, it has added an item of largo amount to the value of our exports, and that it will produce a corre spoJuliiiT increase of importations. It may, there fore, confidently be foreseen that the revenue of 1629 will equal, and probably exceed that of 1628, and will afford tno means of extinguishing ten millions more of the principal of the public debt. This new element of prosperity to that part of our agricultural industry which is occupied in pro ducing the first, article of human subsistence, is of the most cheering character to the feelings of pa triotism. Proceeding from a cause which huma nity will view with concern, the sufferings of scar city in distant lands, it yields a consolatory reflec tion, that this scarcity is in no respect attributa ble to us, that it comes from the dispensation of Him who ordains all in wisdom and goodness, and who permits evil itself only as an instrument of good; that, far from contributing to the scarcity, our agonev will be applied to the alleviation cf its seventy, and that in pouring forth, from the abun dance of oui own garners, the supplies which will partially restore plenty to those who are in need, we shall ourselves reduce our stores, and add to the price of our own bread, so as in some degree to participate in the wants which it will be the good fortune of our country to-relieve. The inte.osis of an agricultural, corn mere! a!, and iri mi factoring nation, are so liked in union together, that no perma nent cause ofpr&sp'. rity to one of them can operate without extending its influence to the others Ail these interests are alike under the protesting power of the legisla tive authority; and the duties of the repre sentative bodies are to conciliate them in harmony together* So far as the object of taxation is to raise a revenue for dischar ging the debts, and defraying the expenses of the community, it should as much as po-1 sible suit the burthen with equal hand u pon all, in proportion with their ability of bearing it without oppression. But the legislation of one nation is sometimes intentionally made to bear heavily upon the interests of another. That legislation, r-0- J apted as it is meant to be to the special in teretUsufits own people, will often press, most unequally up n the several compo- 1 nent interests t.f its neighbors. Thus, the legislation of Great Britain, when as has. recently been avowed, adopted to the de- j pression of a rival nation, vvd naturally a- I hound with regulations of interdict upon ; the productions of the soil or industry of! the other winch come in competition with I its own; and will present encouragement, perhaps even bounty, to the raw material of the other State, which it cannot produce itself, and which is essential for the use of its manufactures, competitors in the mar kets of 1 lie world with those of its com mercial legislation of Great Britain, as it bears upon our interests. It excludes, with interdicting duties, all importation (except in time of approaching of the great staple productions of our Middle &. W states; it prosenbf s, with equal rigor, the bulkier lumber and five stock of the same portion, and also of the Northern and Eastern part of our Union. It refuses even the rice of the South, unless aggravated with a charge of duty upon the Northern carrier who brings it to them. But the cotton, indispensable for their looms they wPI receive almost duty free, to weave it iuto a fabric for our own wear, to the destruction of onr own manu factures, which they are enabled thus to nt derseil. Is the self producting energy of this nation so helpless that there exists, in the political institution of our country, no power to counteract the bias of llos for eign legislation 1 that the growers of gram ■ must so!, it to this exclusion from the for eign muikets of their prmaice; Jiiat the shippers must dismantle their slops, trade of ihe North stagnate at the what ves, and the manufacture.s starve at the looms, while the whole people shall pay tribute to foreign industry t<* be clad in foieig garb; that the Congress of the Union are impotent to restore the balance in favor of native industry destroyed by the staiuies of another realm? T4©re just and more gen erous sentiments will 1 trust, prevail. Il the tariff adopted at the last session of Con gress shall he found, by experience to bear oppressively upon the interests of any one section of the Union* it ought to be, and l cannot doubt will be, so modified as to alle viate its burden. To the voice of just complaint from any portion of their con stituents, the Representatives of the States and people will never turn away their ears. But so long as the duty of the foreign shall operate only as a bounty upon the domes tic article —while the planter, and the mer chant and the shepherd, aud the husband man, shall he found thriving in their occu pations under the imposed for the protection of domestic manufactures they will not repine at the prosperity shared with themselves by their fellow citizens of other professions, nor denounce ns viola tions of the constitution the deliberate facts of congress to shield from the wrongs ol foreign laws, the native industry of the Union ‘ bile the tariff of the hist session of Congress was a subject of legislative deliberation, it was foretold by some id its oppesers that one of its necessary con sequences would be to impair the Re venue. It is yet 100 soon to pronounce, with confidence that this prediction was erroneous. The obstruction of one ave nue of trade not unfrequeotly opens an issue to another. Tha consequence of the tariff will be to increase the exportation, and to dismiss the importation of some spe cific articles. But by the general law of trade, tho increase of exportation of one article will be followed by an increased importation of- thers, the duties upon which will supply the deficiency, which the diminished importation would other wise occasion The ♦ (fret of taxation u pon revenue can seldom be foreseen with certainty It must abide the test of ex perience As yet no symptoms of dimin ution are perceptible in the receipts of the Treasury—As yet, little addition of cost has even been experienced upen the arti cles burdened with heaver du:ks by the last tariff. Tho domestic manufacturer supplies the same or a kindred article at a diminished pries, and tho consumer pays the same tribute to the labor of his own countryman, which he must otherwise hi ve paid to foreign industry and toil. The tariff of the hist session was, in its details, not acceptable to the great inter ests of any portion of the Union, not even to the interest which it whs specially intended to subserve. lls object was to balance the burdens upon native industry imposed by the operation id* foreign laws; but not to aggravate the burdens of one section of the Union by the relief afforded to another. To the great principle sanc tioned hy that act, one r-f those upon which the constitution itself was. formed, I hope and tins! tho authorities of the Union will adhere. But if any of the duties imposed by the act only relieve the manufactory hy aggravating the burden of ihe planter let a careful rcvisal of its provisions, enlightened by the practical experience of its effects, be directed to retain tluve which impart to native industry and remove or supply the place of those which only alleviate ono great national interest by lire depres sion of another. Tl ip United States of America, and the I people of every State of which they are com posed are each of them Sovcrign Powers. The Legislative authority of the whole is exercised by Congress under authority granted them in the common Constitution. The legislative power of each Slate is ex ercised by assemblies deriving their author ity from the Constitution of the State.— Each is sovereign within its own province. Tire distribution of power between them resupposes that these authorities will move in harmony with eacli other. The mern hers oi the Slate and general Govern ments are all under oath to support both, and allegiance is due to the one and to the other. The case of a conflict between these two powers lias not been snpposed; nor has any provision been made for it in our institutions; as a virtuous nation of ancient times existed more than hve ceutu. lies without a iuw for the punishment of par icicle. ote than once, however, in the course ol eur history, have the people and the legislatures of one or inoro states* in nio ments of excitement, been instigated to this conflict; and the means of effecting this impulse have been allegations that the acts of congress to be resisted, were uncoil, stitutional. The people of no one state have ever delegated to their legislature the power of pronouncing an act of congress unconstitutional; but they have delegated to them powers, by the exercise of which the execution of the laws of congress within the state may be resisted. If we suppose the case of such conflicting legislation sustained by the corresponding executive and judicial authorities, patriotism and philanthropy turn iher eyes from the -condition in which the parties would be placed, and from that of the people of both which must be its victims. The reports from the secretary at war, arid from the various subordinate offices of the resort of that department, present an exposition of the public administration of affairs connected with them through the course of the current year. The present state of the army, and the distiibution of the force of which it is composed, will be seen from the report of the major general. Several alterations in the disposal of the troops have been found expedient in the course of tqe year, and the discipline of the armyf though net enth. * f. r ; exceptions, has been generally gouii. The attention of congress M;irr , ( , ly invited to tint pact of the h*jn t rt ’ secretary of war which concern* a ing system of our rtl.il ions with t ic- n,; ‘ tribes. At the est iblisumont of 1 1> ( . r • l "' i I I l U, Mf. al government u-udur me pitseni cans*; lion ot the United States* the principle * adopted of considering them as fore, , h independent powers; and also as tors of lands* They were ’ considered as- saVugcs, whom it r ’ r ii . . . f>t;r policy aud our duty, to use our nfl l( . in converting to ;hrisjianity, and m k (ll * ing within the pahe of civiiz ilioii. As independent powers, we with them by treaties* 03 proprietors purchased of tiieri all the kinds could prevail upon them to sell—asbrtMh> ° of the human race, rude and ignorant endeavored to bring them to the of religion and letters.- The ultimate sign was to incorporate in our owu ii:s; i!r , lions that portion of them which cuulil } lft converted to the state of civilization, j the practice of European states, before, - - Revolution, they had been considered•’ children to be governed; as lei.eitts at ri:s cietion, to be dispossessed as occasion might require; as humors,-to be iiulcmi g. ed by trilling concessions for removal ( ru , the grounds upon which tb- ir game n-gg extirpated. In changing the sysu uq t would seem as if a contemplation of [U consequences of the change l,c u,oi taken. We. have been far more succts n in the ucqtmhon of their lands than n, j„ u parting to them the principles, or inspiring them with the spirit r>f iviliztnioii |]* in appropriating to ourselves their hunting grounds, we have brought upon ourwlvtj the obligation of providing them with sub* sistence; and when we h ..vc had the rare good fortune < f teaching them the arts of civilization, and the doctrines of Christian ly, we have unexpectedly found ihentfona, ing, in the midst of ourselves, compiuimi-j claiming to be independent of ours,and ri vals of sovereignly within the territoriestf the members of our Union. This state of I things requires that a remedy should be provided* A ren?edy which, while it shall do justice to these unfortunate nature may secine to the mombeis of our confederation the ir rights of St veieigiiy I and of soil. As the outline of a project to that effect, the views pres ented in tlie Report of the Secretary of War are re-1 commended to the consideration of Cw> I gross. The Report from the Engineer Depart ment presents a comprehensive view <i the progress which has been made in i\a gre*t systems pi emotive of the public in terest commenced and organized under the authority of Congress, and the effects and which have already contributed to the so curiiy as they will hereafter largely contri bute to the honor and dignity of the nation, The firs; of these great systems is tint of fortifications, commenced iin nice iate j after the dose of our last war, under Ttte Siiluitary experience which the events of that war had impiesscd upon our counfrj men of its necessity. Introduced timer the auspurs of my immediate predecessor it has btvii continued with the persevering and liberal eacuurageirent of the Legisla ture ; and combined with exertions tor the gradual increase and i®* prove men t the Navy pre pates for our u tensive country a condition of defence adapted 10 any critical emergency which the varying course of events may bring forth. Our advance in these concerted systems hsve for the last ten years been steady and progressive, and in a few j pari • more will be completed as to leave no cause for Apprehension that our sea cost will over again offer a theatre of hostile invasion. I The next of i.\ese cardinal measures ofl policy, is the preliminary to great and Its* ling works of public improvement, in tM surveys of roads, examination for diecoursal of canals, and labor.; s for the removal d’l the obstructions of rivers and harboursfirsll commenced by Act of Congress ol 3Gdi| April, IS:!4. I The report exhibits in ono table e l funds appropriated at the last and prece-1 ciitig Sessions of Congress, for all I fortifications, surveys, aud works of pitfi'J improvement ; the manner in which funds h tve been applied ibe amount exp**’! deJ upon the several works under constr^i lion, and tin further sunrs which may I necessary to complete them. In a ■ the works projected by ihe Board of L'l gineeis which have not been conmiU ]Cfis, l ar.d the estimate of thuir cost .1 In a third the report of the anual Bos I of Visiters at the Military AcaJejj£J I West Point. For fhirieeen tortiJCtn 0 ■ erecting on various points of our Atw° ■ coast from Rhode Island to Louisiana I aggregate expenditure of ihe year has len a little a little short us one niiliio 0 1 dollars .. I For the preparation of five additio ■ reports of reconnoissanoe and sur m s’*nee the last Session of Congress, f° r civil constructions upon thirty seven yj rent public works commenced eigh l J for which specific appropriations ave pfl jß made by Acts of Congress ard J oilier incipient surveys under the a u ,■ ty given by the Act of 30tit Aprib about one million un re oi dollars li* v(N * 1 drawn from the Treasury.- ! JM To these tvvo millions of .dollars be added the appropriation pi || lars. to commence the erection a ,■ water; near the mouth of the Chesapeake—tho Louisville and * ( ° r the Dismal Swamp, and the aud Ohio Canal ; the large dons* 10 jfl lands to the States oi Ohio, Inj *}* linois, and Alabama for objects°*! ments within those States aud appropriated for Light Houses u Piers on the coast, and a full vie* taken of the muaificicnee of [M in the application of its resources J improvenvent of its own cQpdU*° n ’ m Os these great national uuefeato n® -fl Academy at West Point is aiut |