Newspaper Page Text
WMW &380T3*
THURSDAY .WOB.V/.VC, SCTT. 10, I? 20.
The following commurucati n was written foi
our paper of Monday last, but was unavoidably
omitted. Although the event it wa
intended to operate, ha* gone by, yet.at llxe re
quest of the author, we publish it. .
[communicate*.]
ALDERMEN,
Among our .ancient Saxon ancestors, was the
second of the three orders or degrees of nobility.
But what a fall is there-in our days ! The char
acter of a votor at our polls is by far more scruti
nized, and requires more respectability, than that
of the candidate for Aldermanship he votes for.
!Ic is asked, 11 Have you paid all your taxes ?”
No -such question is made to.the Alderman in em
bryo. If he be only a citizen of the United States,
and has resided six months within ©ur city, he is
eligible to the office; no matter whether he has
evor paid liis i.axes, house rent, negro hire, whis
key bill/or taken up his bread and milk tickets.
Melancholy is the fact, that defaulters of this
description are actually now running on our tick
ets, which are carried in the pockets of our Mar
shal, and those of our Constables. And.should
such men be trusted with the management of the
affairs of our city ? I hope not. Citizens will
look to this, and never sapport such, who vainly
dream, that, by becoming Aldermen, they will be
elevated to the rank of gentlemen. Let us vote
for men that are'free and independent—not over
whelmed and embarrassed with debts. Let us
vote for such as are well known to fulfil their con
tracts, and who are free from fear and reproach ;
who have a character to loose—and then our board
of Aldermen wifi fco o beard of
GENTLEMEN
ALDERMEN ELECTION.
An election for fourteen Aldermen, to repre
sent this city in the next council, took place on
Monday—343 votes were given in, and on count
ing them out, the following was declared to be
*tle result
Wm T. WILLIAMS, 2SO
W&UAM R WARING, 280
20HN B. GAUDRY, 2?i> *
GEORGE W. OWENS, 26i
• MICHAEL BROWN, 234
G. W. ANDERSON, 220
€EORGE.SHICK,~ ‘ “218
R. R. CUYLER, , 20G
F. H. YVELMAN 7 4©o~
JACOB SHAFFER, * - 187
THOMAS CLARJi, . 181
CHARLES GILDON, IGG
SAMUEL M BOND, - 164
HfOSE
RICHARD WAYNE, lf>4 7, :
Lr.Vl S. D’LYON, 102
J. P. WILLIAMSON, 141
UHA-RLES S. HENRYi’ _ 138
T. U. P. CHARLTON, < I3D
A J C SHAW, 125
. • • MORD. SURFTALL, Sea. 114
LEWIS H FURTH. 112
II LORD.* ; • . 1)8
J. KVERINGIIAM. Jr. 53
• Not & oandidate.
Tbe President of the tinted StMes takes
his departure this day ftwW in
“the steam Iront-Potemac, Cap*. Jenkins.—-
We learn from a gentlemiq who visited
. him fit lb 1 Rip R ips yesterday and the day
-.before, that he louk* remark ably well, and
that his h mhh has much improved. He
will return to his official duties therefore
-nil the bettor for his Lip. The specula
tions ami anxieties about his health which
we have seen in several of the* papers, np’,
we are assured, unfounded in any real cause
TT aJa ai ~~J\'urfolk Her. Aug . 31. f*# s
Washington City, August 31.
Rhode Island. —Li this Sidle the fate
ropreseatatives, Messrs Burges and Pearce
w ere opposed by Messrs. Eddy and Dur
fe formerly representatives, and a very
warm no! to say angrv contest has been in*
dieted in the papers of the Slate. The
tatter gent'.emen were set up, wuonder
stand by the friends yfthe present Admin
istration, but wore not we belieVe, exelu-,
sively supported by thakpvty. The elec
lion took place on Tuesday last, aud result*
_cd in the re-election of the lute. itaeiobars,
Messrs. Barges and Pearce, by the largest
majority ever before known iu the State at
a contested election. Tney received ma
jorities in every township in the State, save
three or four, and their aggregate -majority
is about 2SOQ votes This is very great
f certainly, considering the private worth of
the unsuccessful candidates. The Provi
dence J out ital says 44 Messrs Burges and
Pearce werv rested on their individual mer-
on their friendship to Henry Clay, and*
Justly on their undeviating friendship to the
American System. Several Jackson mem*
Ikms have tost their electron to, the Gemer
ai A**< v mbty,iaDfl friends bf the American
3yst*.n have been put in rheir places. *
[ lntelligencer .
Post on Public Schools.— -Twenty-five
y* v. * ago there wore but throe public gram
n. ‘r aud writing schools in Bjsion. j Now’
tii. o are eight of these seminaries, and be
?w .j) fifty and sixty public primary schools.
T e>e latter receive children between the
of four and seven yeaw, anJ the for
mer from sovon to fourteen. Besides these,
there s a latin school, an English classical
school and schools for colored children
all maintained at the public expense, by
special tax. Besides these are infant schools
founded and supported by the munificence
of individuals into which children are ad
mitted eighteen months old, so that the
moans of education are supplied to the pt>ur
*• wt.ll ns the rich, from infancy to that
period of youth when they are of age to en
ter into some ojje of the busy vocations of
life, or to pursue their-studies at college.
Extract of a letter to a mercHantila house
or Philadelphia, dated near St. Loul* Au
gust 6 1829.
“ ft sesn-s to be fairly understood here,
that tho lam appearance of hostilities, in
the western pan , 0 f this State, was brought
” n Entirely by the white people, and the
Xuduns ofy returned the fire when fired on
by the whites/*
Tho brig Orion, T)r4seoll, arrived lust
evening, on the 26th iust. in co. with brig
Merged, Cape Look Out bearing N. Wi.
distant 50 miles, fell in with the ship Wa
terloo, of London, a total wreck and de
serted ; was one third full of water ; took
from her some light s it's ; found a number
of letters an the quarter deck. From the
appearance of the ship, supposed she had
beonbomded before. Two of the-O'ion’s
men sickened whilst on board, occasioned
by the 6tonch arising Corn the hold—it was
impossible to remaiu in the cabin more than
threo or four minutes at a time.
[ Balt . Chron. Aug, 31.
It does not often h ippon, that being- up* i
set in a stage, constitutes a source ot real
self gratulatiou the following occurrence
however, that the risk of having a leg or
an arms-broken, may ho a most happy in
cident. The f ict is related by one of the
individuals who was called upon to rejuice
at the accident. About two. weeks ago,
whilst one of the stages with oight or nine
passengers, was coming down the
mountain, tbs bicksirap of one of the wheel
horses broke, which deprived him of the
power to hold back. Tuero was a shoe on
one of the wheels, but tho impetus of the
carriage was so groat j, that the oilier horse
could not stop it. About twenty yard* a
head of the spot where the harness broke,
there was a short turn in tho road, havingv
immediately on one side of it an immense
precipiece of several huadied feet, and to
this frightful point was the stage progress
ing, when, fortunately, the holding hack of
the remaining wheel horse, pulled the tongu#
round in such a manner, that the stage up
set. Not a passeoger was hurt, but the
poor horse who had become loose in his har
ness, fell down and was very much cut by
one of tho wheels. One of the passengeis
however had a narrow escape. He was
sitting with the driver, and when he fbund
the stage going over, he jumped, and the
stage wart very near Tilling on him Fhil.
Gazette Aug 29-.
Awful Event. —A most mefancholy oc
currence took place in Johnston, Vermont,
the SOih ult. Mrs. Beecher, wife of Har
vey Beecher, in a s ate of mennl alenia
tion, murdered her own child, which was
nine (nontks old For some time pievious
she had been considerably derangcd ; *Gn
'Cying that she should die soon ; that her
children wonM be scattered, and left to
suffer, especially her infant; but she appear
ed petfectly afLctioonto aod iiioftVusive.—-
In her life she hat ever-tnaiaiained an ami
able and Christian character, and Jisctr?r*4i
her domestic duties with fido!i?y and dili
gence. And so constancy solicitous was
she to promote the -hapniness of her family
fhM no suspicion was ever excited that she
harbored the least ntuJico against any indi
vidual. -
s.o',! the fa f al day, at noon, she appeared
more ra:iem! and cheerful h*n usu*M, Af
ter a short absence, her husband came iisfo
•the house, end saw her engaged in laying
out □-child. His first thought was, that she
fancied her chiiJ would not live. lls en
tered the room nnd laid his hand .on the
child’s face \it was cold. He asked, ‘would
it not ha.vo been b; Iter to h ive been read*
ing the Bible anrd-prayiiig/ Site then said,
‘the child roiled off the bed, cried, anti ap
peared to be iu distress. I thought f
would be beyond distress, if it was in ano
ther world, and if living it would soon bo
motherless—l took a small chiir n/>st a-d
smote its head— the poor child appeared so
distressed by the blow , that , had it not been
so wounded, my soul would have shrunk ,
and 1 should have desisted She rcl ;ted
the whole transaction and showed she corpse
to visiters without the least apparent sense
of fear, sorrow r guilt. At the fntinfal,
which was attended by a*numerous assem
bly, deeply penetrated with compassion lor
the distressed husband, a discourse was de
livered from these words, “Lot him that
thitikefn he staodeth take heed tast he fail.”
[Telegraph.
r f
A gang of counterfeiters of spurious cotn
hivo for a long time carried on their oper
ation at P.iioesville, Ohio. Some of them ?
were arrested some time ago, but discharg
ed. They succeeded in stealing the press
with which they work. Two of them mam
ed Belcher and Croft have recently been
aletecte'd and captured. : The dies found in
their possession bore date'lß2s, nnd ate
said to ho admirably executed.—-The
Paioesville Telegraph says :
■ t Flisha Belcher , jun, ’ a lawyer who re
sides at Ann Arbour, M T. was formerly
a resilient of this courity.” tt appearT that
he bad been on a trio toThmsvivania, and
had in his .trunk a superb die for stamping
half dollars. After underg oiiTg a laborious
exem’rtfatimi before Mr. Justice Holbrook,
ho wa* recognised in the sum ofssoG to ap
pear at the next common pleas for this coun
ty. The other person arrested was Charles
Croft , a young buck of considerable noto
riety in this village. Ho was one of the
gang arrested in this vMJage two years ago,
and who testified in behalf of the State.—
After bis lam arrest, and before an exuuii.r
ation wasliad, “jumped from a window oi
the upper story, (where he pretended to he
sick) and escaped from his keepers. Ho
was, however, again dragged from his lurk
ing place on Saturday night last, and it is
expected he will undergo *n examination to
day V
P. $. £reft has again made his escape,
by jumping from ‘ he second story of a house.
LiCsining to the Church. —A wag, who
bad applied for admission into the church,
was observed by the pistor a d.iy or two
after, in a slate of glorious intoxication,
leanitig on a fence in front of the meeting
house!, “I am surprised you iu tins
condition” said the minister—* 4 I thought
you were calculating t join the church. *
The unworthy applicant looked up with a
maudlin stare, and replied: 44 True I did
think about it—and I’m 11 leaning that
tey, now. * ‘ - ‘ ‘
From tho Norfolk Herald of A ugiisi 31.
Tremendous Hurricane. —The following
accpunt of a hurricane in Gates county.
<• c.) is communicated, from a respectable
source, and satisfactorily vouched for. — :
Indeed w 6 should otherwise have hesi-t ited
to publish it, so extraordinary aro tho facts
which it details.
‘Sensbpry, Aug. 28th.
‘ Dufing the easterly blow of Monday
afteiueoo, Mr. Costen, of our neighbor
hood, witnessed ono the ruo*t awful and
destructive ever experienced,
perhaps J'h tbs part of tho world. When
the blow came on he was standing under u
shelter adjoining a house in which there
was a considerable quantity *f cider, low
wines, <&c. and was in the act of coopering
a cask. 110 describes the sound of the’
rushing whirlwind, as resembling tho deto
nation of a vast number of cannon joined
in one continued roar, in its approach to
the spot where he .was; and fully equal to
the sound was the violence of its effects on
every object with which it came in contact
—Urge trees were prostrated or twisted off
at tho roots in the twinkling of an eye, and
fences swept from their places and whirled
‘.tlofi tUjongh the air like chaf. Mr. Ci sten
stood J4|h,ast at the approaching devastation,
which was literally sweeping all before r
with the besom of destruction, and threat
ening him with utter annihilation. As his
only hope of preservation he threw himself
prostrate on his face, until the tornado h id
past, and thus escaped its fury without any
serious injury, while every object around
him was swept away before it. The shel
ter under which he lay, was gone I and in
credible as it may appear, the still house
to whiclut was attached, though very strong
built, and 30 feet square, with its cooteu-tvi
was hurled from its fouuda ion to a consi
derable distance. A barrel of sow wines
which was under the shelter was taken up,
and borne along with the blast to a distant
part of the field. The large cider trough,
full of pomace, and weighing about half u'.
ton, was blown to ar. incredible distance—
a fact which I could scarcely believe, until
A *anr 4lfe situation it was iu after the storm
was over Alter it passed the distillery the
whirlwind took a southerly direction and ,
came in contact with 4 or 5 negro houses
and other buildings, all of which were dev
molisbedand their fragments scattered ufat
—the roof of one of them has been found
something like a quatier of a mile from the
spot whuro it was taken from. It would be
too radious to mention ail the particulars ;
ho-w far beyond Mr. Costen’s plantation
the devastating effects of the storm has*
been traced, 1 have not yei learnt Mr
C: estimates his loss at S3OO. What is~
perhaps as remarkable as aii y other fact iu
this case, though there were people in se
veral ol the houses which were demolished,
noi one was seriously injured. Providence
iu bis unerring wisdom seems to have in
terposed for their preservation, for it wrvuid
appear almost impossible that 2 or 3 par
sons could be taken up and.thrown to a dis
tance oi 20 yards against a paiiing feuce,
as was actually the case, without being kii-.
lod. Mr. Cosl on bears his loss with as
ouch resignation ax any person could, aud
is truly grateful to “Him who directs the
storm, that it is no worse.**
Nobfouc, Sept. 1.
Naval. —The U. Stales ship
C.ipi. Crane, xvas passed 22d July off Al
umna, bound Eastward.
--The U. Si.nos ships Brandywine , Com
Jem s ; \ income Capt. Finch, aud schr.
Dulphin % Capt. ltousseau, were at Valpa
raiso, If) 11 May, the former to sail same
day t>r -Colin.
Tue U. S. ship Gutrriew , C apt. Tliomp
son u lO7 days from Norfolk, and 47 days
from Eio de Jaueiro, bouud to Valparaiso,
all woll, was spoken Juue 5, in lat. 37 51-
S. lon. .79 12 VV. - , ,
The l . S. ship Natchez Capt, Claxton,
bound to the coast of Brazil,, was spoken
16th August, in lat. 38, ions 65 27.
The Ij S. ship Ontario , Capt. Stevens, |
Irom New York, bound to the Mediterra-.
off Si George's Bulks 24ili uit.
The U. S. ship Falmouth , Capt Mor
gan, was at Havana 10th ult.
From the Middlesex Gazette.
LAW CASE.
Phoenix Bank, i Litchfield Super. Court,
rs S August Term A. D.
Oliver Wolcott, &c. ) l£2D.
Hor. 13 ivid Daggett, Judge.
This was an action upon a note of hand;
for forty thousand dollars, payable to the*
Plaintiffs, or order, on demand, and execu
ted bv Frederick Wolcott as principal, and
Oliver Wolcott, as surety, dated No v. 26,’
1821, an l on interest from the 29th of the
same month. Frederick Wolcott, admit
ting tho justice of the claim, suffered a de-’
fault. Oliver Wolcott tested ihc defence
on * lie fallowing facts"?
The Phce.iix Bink held six notes, sign-:
ed by Frederick and. indorsed by Oliver
Wolcott, amounting to about $20,000. The
Branch Bank of the United S.tttes, then’
located in M.ddletown, held a note of twelve’
thousand dollars and the Eagle £a.ik of
Ne w Haven mother of seyen thousand, nx
ecuted and indorsed in liko manner. Ati
these notes were over due and the United
St ites Branch and Eagle B inks were press
ing the defendants for payment. Oliver
Wrd cott made a written application <0 the
plaintiffs requesting them to pny the notes
due to the Branch and lyaglu Banks, con
solidate-the whole into one sum, raid take
the joint note of himself and Frederick for
the amount, payable ou demand with inter
eat, and secured a mortgage of real estate,
of which he gave a schedule. Frederick
VVolcott was the proprietor of a waollin
manufactory, which he was then letting for
five years, to Joshua Clapp, of Boston, w jo
was to pay him a rent of about eleven hun
died dollars a year and a certain portion of
liie profi s. The defendants, wished the
revenues of this establishment to be applied
towards the principal and interest of their
debt to the Pcehnix Bank. It was accord
ingly agreed that the plaintiffs Should phy
the botes due to the United SlMoa Branch
rrtd Eagle Banks, ftfid the ndants give
the note in question, (which equalled the
consolidated debL into rhout 200 dollars,
which was paid j) that tiie defendants should
■4>t be pressed lor judgment during the rbn-
Onuance of tho lease—that during that rime
the rote should stand on tire sum* ground
as a succession of notes renewed at 93 days,
(or 95 and grace,) and the interest or so
much as should be die upon it, from time
to time, should be pud iu advance at the
commencement of each period of 98 days, c:n
the principles of a Common discount, in tho
stlmo manner as if actual renewals weie
made. The parties preferred this to actual
renewals, as it left the defendants equally
at liberty to pay the notes when they pleas
ed, saved tiie Rouble of esecutjpg unJ re
cording new mortgage deeds whenever a
now note should he given, and rendered
more simple and certain the stipulations in
a voluminous and complicated convonaut
relative to a lease of the manufactory, be
tween Frederick Wolcott, and Mr. Clapp;
in which, among other tilings, tiie latter a
greed to make tiie above mentioned pay
ments towards the interest and principal of
the forty thousand dollar note. The Cash
ier of the Phoenix Bank computed the in
terest on the notes which were over due,
and the discounts upon the forty thousand
dollar note, at the rate of 3D days far the
12di part of a year*
Upon these facts, Oliver Wolcott, by
j lus counsel, insisted that the note was usu
rious and void; First , on tho ground th-it
tiie interest was to be paid in advance by
way of discount at the commencement of
every period of 98 days. Secondly, be
came the interest was computed on all the
notes at the rate of 30 days for a mouth.
The plaintiffs proved by the depositions
of numerous mercantile gentlemeo and of
ficers of Bank residing in Philadelphia, N.
York, Bosloo, and elsewhere, that whene
ver the time of payment was expressed in
a note hy a certain number of days, this
mode of computation had always been eus
ternary.
Mr Clapp, paid the discounts on the
note during the period of the lease, but the
principal and the residue of the interest was
still unpaid.
Tiie Court charged the jury, that neith
er the payment of interest in advance, nor
the computation on thirty days for a month,
did, in this case, of itself, constitute usury ;
but if they should find that the arrange
ments between the parlies were made with
the corrupt intention to evade the statute
.and secure to the Plaintiffs more than law
ful iuterest, of which he saw no cvideuce,
ih-y must return a verdict for the defend
ants
The jury found a verdict forth® Plain
tiffs
R. M. Sherman and A-a Bicon, Esqrs.
for Plaintiffs
-N. B Benedict and Truman Smith,
Estj.s for Defendants*
The following letter of Mr. Jeflfarsoo to
Mr. Madison with the annexed paper, in
thv form of a Declaration to be adopted by
the State of Virginia, relative to the right of
the General Government to prosecute In
ternal Improvement* through tho country,
will be read with interest by every one.—
This letter with the document, ate taken
from Mr. Jeflersoo*s papers, now iu a course
of publication, and are presented to the pub
lic by the editor of the Chariottsviile Ad
vocate.
It if to be presumed that Mr. Madison
did not agree with his excellent friend, as
to tho propriety of the policy recommended
to be pursued by the Sute, and in some o*h
er point, as nothing was ever done with 4he
Declaration here given.
What a contrast does the course here re
commended, and the sentiments b re inen!-
caied, present to the treasonable language
and actions of some of our Southern Politi
cians'!! Mr. Jefferson although as comd-•
entiously opposed to the power claimed by
Congress, aod as thoroughly convinced of
its impropriety as (hey are, does not pro
claim 14 war, open war**—ho does not talk
of 44 after exhausting the argument, stand
by vx>L#r arms*’—he does not “begin toccata
cufafe the value of the iJuion’ does
not tretM those who differ with him M as
dions and enemies *—he does not look up- ‘
on the States in favor of the policy he con
denms, as “ leagued to oppress and plunder
the Soyih.”—Nothiug of a!) this. Ho i*
willing to grant freedom of opinion to all,
tnd. Hitting up to the republican maxim that !
the majority must rulo, is ready to make •
every sacrifice not inconsistent with princi* l
pie and honor. |
We trust the document wHi lead to re-!
Section, ou the part of some of those who
appear madly bent on raising commotion. 1
It points out a constitutional and safe way i
of opposition to the measures of Govern
ment j it shotrs that the States who think
their rights in danger, can support those
rights without dissolving tho Union, or en
tering into any violent or harsh prucued
ings.—A lea. Gazette. -
TO JAMES MADISON.
Monticello December 24, 1825.
Dear Sxr,—l have for some time con
sidered the question of internal improve
ment as desperate. The torrent of gener
al opinion sets so strongly in favor of it as
to be irresistible And / suppose that oven
the opposition in Congress will hereafter
be feeble and formal, unless something can
be done which may give a gleam of eneour
•igenient to our friends, or alarm their oppo
nents in their fancied security. I learn
from Richmond, that those who think with
us there are in a state of perfect dismay, not
knowing what to do, or what to propose.
Mr. Gordon, our Representative, particu
larly, has written to me in very desponding
erms, not disposed to yield Indeed ; but
pressing for opinions and advice on the sub
ject I have no doubt you are pressed in
‘<) same way, and I hope you have devised
and recommeoded something to them. If
you have, stop here and read no more, btA
consider alt that fellows as no# opepue. X.
sill'll! lx bo Iff. i -.-j r, * . ‘ ;
anything u hick r ,,, v “ :;|; **bi*i .
n,, y thing otrcimnig i ( -i :
•"“IS til lilii k „i. s,;'..';'. ’ ‘ , ‘ / 1
ami pay liijle .uemioii la nuh', ‘"'H
lilg*,—Bill if y tiu 1)ilvo
tben I u for your
occurred ,o me, and j, epr„ se d ja h '*
closed paper.—Baii.y-g p, 0 p„ 3 7 ‘ h * ‘*
cameyo I, .nd since I wro,fd)e o'!* **"*■
which I njppnse !o hove’ rn„,i f PBr * a lil
Piesnieni himself, s i, ew atj . r, " ts,
in the purposes of his pan... „„ | C ' > ." a,i| Hi
stale of mind, a boii shot cni/callv ‘ hl ”
cide the contest, by its iff n ‘ ‘f-'-y de.
at tins mort>ent m,y be acc en . e d ! , le '
consul,ition ibus saved at a u'odera i’
hce. I say nothing of the p , p(>r 7"'-
W 1 **Ml"i’ itself.- Fh.fcHowi„. h^ lc ‘
consideration, or some of them d * of
in its favor. * w figh
It may intimidate the wavtii n o t,
break the western coalition bv off* • >
same thing iu a different form r
viewed with favor in contrast !*
Georgia opposition and fear of B t re n l
i‘"HI heat, eu,np| eof f Jo ’
perale mode of opposiiion in e ®’
similar cases. /, will e ,ve u, lhe [? M
of hetur times and of intervening acrH
and in no way place us in , tvorseThl'"’' 1
present situation, ido not dwell “ r
topics; your mind will devHope them **
The first question is, whether VO u .
prove of doing anything of the kind tr
you think it may baa canvass on wbkh
put something good, mate -what 9 it era , „
you please, ands will forward it to Goril
undm the most sacred iiyuuciions thma
shall be so used as lliat not a shadow „f ‘
picon sh ill fa!! on you or mvself. ihu i.l
come from either of us. But wliatyou ”
do as promptly as your conven.enw
admit lest it .hould be anticipated by som.
thing worie. 7
Ever and effuctioaaioly yours
’ TANARUS; I&FmsoN. *i
The solemn declaration and protest nft}*
Commonwealth of Virginia , on (he prikl
ciptes of the Constitution of the Uniud
States of America , and on the violation
of them .
YV e the General Assembly of Virginia
on behalf and iu the Da me of the
thereof, do declare as follows :
The States io North America which cos.
federated to establish their independence of
the government of Great Britain, of which
Virginia was uae 4 oo that acquisi.
lion, fi independent States, and yj
such, auihortsed to constitute.goverumeois
lAfh for itsell, in such ibrm as it thouglj
best. “ ,
They entered into a compact, (which i
called the constitution of the United States
ol America,) they agree to unite
in a singte government as to their relation*
with each other, and with foreign nation!,
and as to certain other articles particularly
specified. Tht‘y retained at the same time,
each to itself, the other rights of indepeo*
dent government, comprehending mainly
their domestic interests.
For rbia administration of their federal
branch they agreed to appoint in conjunc*
lion, a distinct set of functionaries, legisla
tive, executive and judiciary, in the mao
ner settled in that compact; while to each,
severally and of course, remained its oi igi
nai right of appointing, each for itself, t
separate set of functionaries, legislative,
*og judiciary, also, for adminis
tering the domestic btauch of their respec*
tive governments. . *
These two sets of officers, each indepen
dent of the other, constitute thus a wholt
of government, for each State separately;
the powers ascribed to the one, as specially
made federal, erercised over (ha vrhok;
the residuary powers retained to the other,
oxercisable exclusively over its particular |j
State, foreign heroin, each to the dthers, I
as they were before ttie original compact.
To tliis construction of govermueat and I
drstribuiions of its powers, the Uotimoo* I
weulrh ol Virginia does religiously and af- I
foctionuteiy adhere, opposing, with equal I
•fidelity and fineness, the usurpation of ri* I
tiler set of functionaries ou the rightful |
powers of the other. ]
But the federal hrench has assumed itt 1
*ome and iclaimed in others, a right
enlarging its own right* by constructions, 1
infeHencee, and indefinite .deductions from 1
those direcily given, which this Assembly 1
does declare to be usurpations of tho I
powers letrtjned to the independent branch-
interpolations into the codpack
and direct iofractions es it. I
They claim for example, and have cob* i
meoced the exercise of a right to construct
roads, open canals, and effect other io ier *
nal improvements within the territories an( !
jurisdictions exclusively belonging tc th 9
several States, which this assembly
declare bus not been given to that branch
b y the constituted compact, but remaif**’®
each*State among its domestic and ufiali® 0 ’
ated powers, exercisable within itseT
bv its domestic authorities alone.
This Assembly does further disa?P*t
and declare to be most false and
ed, the doctnie that the compact, in
rizing its federal branch to lay and col e c
taxes, duties, imposts and to P-v
the debts and provide for the common
fence and general welfare of the U.eta
has given them thereby a power to do “V,
ever they may think, of pretend,
promote the geueial wLich c
struction would make that, of itself, 8
plete go vet nnient, without iiiuitab 00 .
powers; but that the jilaip sense 0
ous meaning was that they might levy .
necessary to provide for the (s enera .
fare, by the various acts of power t
specified and delegated 13 *hP®i aD *
others.
Nor is it admitted, as lias boen ®
the people of these .State?, by no. ,u
their federal branch wnh ali thfl ® p
bettering their condition, b i,ve *
themseive§ any which may edyct 1
pose; sincp in tjie
means, they have given to -