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•WILLIAM E. JONES.,- . AUGUSTA, ob|,. 86f 1BJ9 * ' ==T— "■ THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL IS PUBLISHED AT Tkree Ballon per amnum in advance, 'jf K». 261 Broad street, • . NT I nV. F AUGUSTA. FRIDAY MORNING, APRIL 19. New York City Election. The election for Mayor and Aldermen was closed on Thursday evening, the 1 llh. Mr. \a bian, the Van Buren candidate for Mayor, is elected over Mr. Clark, the Whig candidate, by a majority of 1053. The whole number ofvotes given was 41,280. The election for Aldermen and Assistants has resulted in the choice of Van lluren candidatesin twelve wards, and of Whigs in five wards ma king a Van Buren majority of seven in each Board. . Central Rail Road. The Savannah Georgian of Wednesday states that this road is now complete, and in daily use to the 70 mile station. It is graded for-upwards of 40 miles beyond this point, but the process of laying the superstructure is slow. \\ e have as surances from the Chief Engineer, a point in Burke county, 80 miles distant from Savannah, will be reached and in use in the month of June, and that every effort will be made to complete it to the crossing of the Ogechce, 101 miles from Savannah, by the Ist November. Now, it ap pears to us, that if proper arrangements were made by the company, of store hour's, agents &c., at the 80 mile station, great inducements would be offered to our fellow citizens of the in terior to send their fall supply of goods by the Rail Road to that point, and thence to be wagoned to their place of destination; and we would re mark to our fellow citizens of the interior, that at that point they would be within 30 miles of Lou isville, 20 of Waynesboro, GO of Augusta, 60 or 70 from Sparta, Milledgeville and Sandersville, and not over 100 miles from Macon, and great expense and delay in gelling their produce to market would be as great. We earnestly recom mend this subject to all concerned, under the full belief that this road needs only to housed, to be duly appreciated as it deserves. From the Charleston Courier of yeeterday. Commercial Convention. Charleston, April 17, 1839. The Convention met at 10 o’clock, A. M. The minutes of the previous meeting wore read. The following additional delegates appeared and registered their names. SOUTH CAROLINA. Colleton District. —R. U. Khett, D. K. Whita ker. L. NORTH CAROLINA. . Fayetteville. —John B. Levies. GEORGIA. ■ Warren County. —Chapman F. Maddux, Ed ward T. Lynah. AJsunry. Under the resolution, adopted by the oonven- mi the Itilh hist.,the lion. Hans.m Alsbury, H of appointed by the I hair a \ lee IV President ol .the Convention, and took his seat accordingly. W Col. Arthur P. Hayne offered the following r resolution, pretaeed by an animated address, in / w | U ch he shewed the good already done by previ ous conventions, illustrated their tendency to unite the South socially, and commercially, and above all on that great issue on which hang the welfare oflhe South and the harmony and dura tion of the Uuion.. A’ soloed, That this Convention recommend to the people of the Southern and South-YV estern Stales, to appoint Delegates to meet in Conven tion at Macon, in the State of Georgia, on theiirst Monday in May, 1840—to continue to present tile interests and objects of ibis Convention before the people—and that separate and distinct Com mittees for each State and Territory represented, be appointed by the President of this (-onvemion, whose duty it shall be to take all proper measures to secure a’ full representation from every part of those States —and wfcose duty it shall also he to attend the meeting of the Legislatures ol their re spective States, for the purpose of promoting by all proper and honorable means the objects of tins Convention. The resolution was seconded by Mr. J. Cowles, of Macon, and adopted by the Convention. On motion of Gen. Hayne, the Convention took up the resolutions reported by the Com mittee of twenty one. Jud-e Longstreet rose, and, after enlarging on the necessity of action, in addition to delibera tion and discussion in Convention, in order to effect the great object of a Southern Direct Trade with Europe,.offered a scries of additional reso lutions. The resolutions reported by the Committee were then taken up seriatim, and all adopted nem con., and w ithout discussion, except the last, in relation to the revival of the Southern Review, oa ‘ which an animated and eloquent debate, ot a wide range, and embracing as well the general objects of the Convention as the particular subject of the resolution took place. ► Those who look part in the discussion against ' the resolution, wore Messrs. Longstreet and Mil ler, of Augusta; Stephens, of Cjawfordvillc. and Felder, of South Carolina —those who spoke in favor of the resolution were, Messrs. Harper. Blanding, Preston, Hamilton, R. V. Hayne and Whitaker of S. Carolina. Bearing, Campbell, of Georgia. Pollard, ot Alabama, Jaruaghin, ot I en nessce. Hale of North Carolina, Alsbury of Mis sissippi, and Mills, of Florida. The opponents of the resolution only objected to acting on it as a convention. Messrs, McCord and Bellinghk, of South Carolina took a middle course. The question was first put on the motion of Mr. McCord to lay the resolution on the table, and the vote, being taken by States, was given unanimobsly-in the negative—the vote of Geor gia being decided by a majority of one. The question was then taken on the adoption of the resolution, as amended by Col. Blanding and the same was adopted in the following shape : Bth. That in the opinion of this Convention, the establishment of a Southern Review, under the direction of able and learned men, to be faith fully devoted to the promotion of science and lit erature, and also to the defence of the institu tutions, the vindication of the rights and the de velopement of the resources of the Slave-holding States, is an object cf the deepest interest, and one which should command the cordial co-opera tion and support of every citizen of these States ; and that a Committee of Nine be appointed to carry the object of this resolution into effect. The President appointed the following Com mittee under the foregoing resolution: Committee on the revival of the Southern Re view Messrs. Hugh S. Lcgare, R. Y. Hayne. W. C. Preston. Stephen Elliott, South Carolina; A. B. Longstreet, Geo.; James Gadsden, Florida; John H. Crozier, Tennesseef Edward J. Hale, N. Car olina; Charles T. Pollard, Ala. SI i. ■ , - On motion,.the Convention then adjoined to meet again at 10 o’clock, A. M., , RICHARD YE4DQN, r New York.— The Albany DifiTy Advertiser states that since the 10th day of July last there have been filed in the office of the Secietary of State, 109 certifi cates of Banks under the General Banking Law* The amount of capital actual y subscribedin these institutions is $25,769,175, and the amount of 1 prospective capital $256,980,000. i A New York paper states that the deposites in the Banks of that city at this time, amount to $2,- ; 000,000 more than Is usual at this season of the year. Export of Flour from Alexandria to Foreign Ports, from the Ist January to Bth April, 10,447 barrels. The New York Express states that the legis_ iature of Michigan have passed, by nearly a unan imous vote in both branches, a bill to establish a State Bank. The capital of the bank (including seven branches,) is 2,000,000 one half to be own* ojl by the State and one half by individuals, to be under the general management of a board of six directors, appointed by the legislature on join l ballot. The legislature has authorized the Auditor General to negociate the future instalments of the $5,000,000 state loan heretofore taken by the Michigan Slate Bank. We regret to learn that the valuable mills erect ed at the High Shoal, Pickens District, by Col. Joseph Grisham, and at the lime we believe in possession ot his son Mr. John O. Grisham, were entirely consumed by lire, on Saturday last. It caught irom the Cotton Gin which was running, and was no doubt caused by the friction of some ol the machinary. The gin house, saw mill, and flour mill were all destroyed, together with two or three hundred bushels ot wheat, many barrels of flour, and the contents generally of the several houses. About twenty five barrels of flour were gotten out and saved. We have not learned what quantity of cotton was consumed. The loss to the owner must be seveial thousand dollars, and as the mills were a great convenience to the neigh boring community, they may be regarded more over. as a public loss. After the foregoing was in type, we received a written account of the fire, which does not vary materially. There was no insurance, and in ad dition to the loss above stated, there was a thresh ing machine workshop, lathes, &c.—all destroy ed.—Pendleton Messenger, April 12. From the Southern Recorder. Penitential y. Messrs. Editors;—lain aware that objec- \ tions will be made to the removal of the Peniten tiary on account of the expense. This will cer tainly be the most formidable objection, and it is 1 not only reasonable, but wise, that a strict regard should be had to economy in legislation upon all subjects touching the public interest. It will also be admitted, that it would be equally wise and proper, that future results should be carefully | leaked into. Theira question will arise, whether or not a change of location will not in the end prove bench- ! dal Uoili io ihc Mute and T*enltentiarv. The | present wall around the buildings is a trifling j crazy concern, the bricks in the lower part of it arc mouldering away, and will in a few years be so dilapidated as to require a new wall; one side is now sprang near a foot and a half, and in all probability, will fall down in a few years. The arena contained in it, at this time is entirely too small; there cannot be an additional workshop, nor any kind of a building erected more than is hero. 'Flic apartment used as a hospital for the sick, with the present number of prisoners, is too small, and there is no room to make any addition, th.: present workshops are not only too small, but are badly arranged, badly constructed, and very insecure trom lire. The number of blacksmith furnaces, are not sufficient to keep pace with the other departments, no room to add any more, and 1 what is are so constructed that there is constant | danger of their taking fire; indeed, they do now i otlcn lake lire, hut from the constant vigilance i exercised over them, it has been discovered and extinguished before any serious injury has been ; done. The wood shops are so crowded that we have } not room for an additional work bench, and the i number of prisoners are constantly increasing, so j that when a new hand comes, we are at a loss to I know where to put him, so that he can be of anv profit to the Institution. It is also absolutely necessary that there should lie a large lumber house built tor the preservation of timber and manufactured articles, which will cost several thousand dollars; and if the Peniten tiary remains here, in a few years the yard will have to be enlarged at a very considerable expense. These facts have been mentioned to show that if the Penitentiary remains where it is, a heavy expense must be incurred to prepare for future operations. If the Penitentiary was removed the bricks in the wall, would sell for a large amount of money, the workshops might be dispo sed of to mechanics, or the materials sold as would be thought most advisable; there would perhaps be a greater loss in the disposition of theccll bud ding, ia proportion to its value, than any other property connected with the Penitentiary. The land belonging to the institution, would afford a number of valuable building lots, that would, no doubt, meet with ready sale, for it is de cidedly the most beautiful part of Milledgeville for private dwellings. In the construction of a new Penitentiary the walls could be built of more durable and substantial materials, and of sufficient height and upon a plan, that would not require as many guard—the work shops could he made more secure, more convenient, and so arranged, I that the prisoners would be classed off and kept separate. A great improvement might be made in the cell building. If removed to the up-eoun try, where living would be much cheaper, the . salary of the officers and guard, could with pro priety, he reduced. Taking into consideration the expense of ma king improvements necessary to keep the Institu tion in operation where it now is, also the amount that would arise from the sale of the Penitentiary property, and the advantages of a different loca tion. by reducing the annual expense, the prej sumption is strong there would be a great saving to the State in the end, at any rate it is a subject _ •hot should receive the attention of the Legisla te-e. Tnos. W. Alexander. P. K. j The great match race between the celebrated . horses Boston and Portsmouth, for ten thousand ; dollars a side, came off on Monday last at Peters. 5 burg, Va. The race was won by Portsmouth quite easily. Two mile heats. Time, three minutes fifty seconds—three mi - utes forty-eight. An article is going the rounds of the papers ’• abroad that Sir John Harvey saved the life of II General Scott at Chippewa, some time during the " last year. This is a misapprehension; Scott saved Harvey’s life at that time and place. '= — : — l —■ ■ -== a 0 J laaSflHgmSmumwereceived New Yor> k papers announcing the arrival of the Great Wei y „ tem. e The news is of a highly favorable characte r. _ There was not much excitement on the Boundar y question. s’ Cotton bad advanced a penny since our la st j. advices. The Steamer Liverpool had not arrive d •n England when the Great Western left. j Our Augusta friends are determined to ha" ;e Macon bankrupt, whether or no. Letters at id auents from that sisterly city, have carried tl le 5 news to all parts of Georgia, Alabama, &c. th at every Bank in the city of Macon had broki ;! The effect of this intelligence was, perhaps, so f ar j as it went, precisely what was intended by its au thors, viz • to produce a run upon the Mao in Banks! The other part of the intention, to w it: a suspension of the Macon Banks, has not y et been effected. But how long it may be, befo re that event is brought about, under the neighbor ly treatment of our Augusta friends, we are unable to say.— Macon Telegraph of 16th April. We cannot conceive any good reason'for th. it excessive degree of vindictiveness manifested b y several papers in the interior cities towards At i gusta, of which the above is a fair specimen. We deny that such letters have been writte n from this city, or that Agents, (Bank Agents w e presume are meant) have carried “news to a II parts of Georgia, Alabama, &c.,” that “ever y Bank in Macon had broke!” We distinctly den y these things, and do not believe that the Editor ( >f the Telegraph has seen any such letters from an; v respectable source here, or heard the Agent o f any Bank here, make such charges. He has been imposed upon, or else is himself attcmptin| ; to impose upon the public. The bills of all the Banks in Macon, except the Monroe Rail Road' and the Darien Branch, are bankable here, and the former arc taken generally by merchants for - goods. Wc should likdfor the Editor of the Telegraph to be specific in hii charges, and to name the | persons who have written such letters as those referred to by him, and the agents who have cir culated such rumors. The authors of such mis chief ought to be exposed, if such authors there be; and wc are sure the citizens of Augusta will take it as a favor, if the Telegraph will publish names, instead of denouncing in general terms our whole city, and casting upon it censures which it does not deserve, and which are thrown back in the spirit which dictated them. To be plain, we do not believe a syllable of the whole story.’ We neither believe that such letters have ! been written by respectable citizens of this place, | or rumors circulated by the Agents of our Banks. The citizens of Augusta, besides being actuated by higher and belter feelings than those asribed to them, have too deep a stake in the Macon Banks, which constitute a large portion of our circulation, to do any thing to injure them. Th® j whole story looks very much like jt was got lyj, 1 for effect of some son.. Whan tha-proof is pr*v- I (hiced we shall be convinced, but not until then ! We hope the latter paragragh of the above article is not ominous of a suspension by the Macon Banks, and intended to forestall public opinion and cast the odium of such an event upon the Augusta Banks. From the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser of the loth. Fifteen Days Later from England. ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT WESTERN. The long looked for Great Western arrived early this morning. She departed from Bristol on her regular day, the 23d of March, and had a very boisterous passage. The Great Western made her passage home in fifteen days. BOUNDARY QUESTION. The proceedings in Congress on the boundary I question, with the memorandum agreed upon by- Mr. Fox and Mr. Forsyth, &c. &c., were receiv ed in London by the packet England, on the ; 2Uth of March. So far as we can judge from a i hasty glance at the papers before us, tue tempo ; rary adjustment ol the dispute appears to have given general satisfaction, and even the most i ultra of the anti-American journals have mani- I Tested a degree of moderation on the subject which we hardly expected. The Herald, it is true, recommends the im mediate sending of 20,000 men and 10 sail of the line to the North American coast; and the Stand ard affirms that no diplomacy but that of cannon and bayonets can be relied on ; but the Times —the thundercr of the British press—discourses on the matter in the following moderate and rea sonable manner. “We have heard from high and grave au , thrritics in the United States, men whom we be- I lieve to have been really conscientious in their , allegation, that there could be not a shadow of doubt as to the right of Maine, to the whole of [ the disputed territory ; these persons at the same . time intimating a strong conviction that the bone contending for was not worth to either country . a dozen human lives. “ It now appears that, however, the joint memo -1 ' randum of Messrs. Forsyth and Fox, may be t ! calculated to avert (and God grant it may suc ceed in doing so) any immediate appeal to vio . lence and bloodshed, the tone of the senators who ( have spolten upon the subject corresponds mi . nutelv with that of the Senate, which put aside l the arbitration ot 1830-31, and insisted that . England had no right to the least portion of the , soil contended for. Although, therefore, mea sures humane and considerate have been pursued t ’ on this occasion for postponing the armed con , flict, and saving the irregular and precipitate ef [ fusion of blood, nothing has taken place to en , courage the least hope that by any expedient but ’ sumnder of ’the whole subject in dispute, will this country be able to calculate on a more than . transient gleam of repose for her pre vinces in . North America. t “In this journal we have repeatedly thrown out , a suggestion, which with a due sense of our own very humble pretensions to be heard where great z national interests are concerned, our unaffected ‘ and cordial love of* peace, in the spirit of peace,’ , now inclines us to reproduce, viz: that as most national misunderstandings are best healed by each party sacrificing something of its extremes, for the sake of showing will and good neighbor hood, England should frankly offer to the state of Maine that large section of country which has J always been an unquestioned and recognized part of New Brunswick —viz: that portion of it which lies west of the town of St. Johns, along - thr shore of the Bay of Fundy, until it meets i the present Maine frontier or Passamaquoddy Bay, including the whole of ‘ Charlotte county,’ extending North to what is called ir. the maps “ the ‘military post’ on the St, John s river, and thence along the Southern extremities of the highlands of which “Mars Hill” forms a part un s til it strikes the meridian, close to that old land ,f mark. e “ This scheme of compromise we recommended ;t in the Times journal six or eighUmonths ago. It would be better for both parties—l si, for England, t-‘ 1 ofthe disputed territory, and her interpro- vincial communication between Frederickton and Quebec Unbroken; 2d, and eminently for the state of Maine, inasmuch as she would gain for ‘ it a fine country, to which she has never dreamed of putting forth a pretension ; a definite and profi table water frontier on the West, formed by the ' St. John’s River and the Bay of Fundy, a great er compactness and roundness of tcrritoiy than at t present, and considerably more in point of sur -1 face than England could in the way of mutual cession be on any fair principle called upon to : relinquish, being even in superficial miles consid j erably beyond one-half of the space disputed.— . We cannot for our parts comprehend on what | pretext the state of Maine should object to a set ) ' tlement so true and beneficial. Nor, in the case t • of any man but Lord Palmerston, does it appear ! | that any English minister could throw difficul r ties in the path of such a proposal. . “ t ßeracmber, this is no yielding on our side to , j compulsion. We declared this opinion more : | than eight months ago. We did so from an hon t ' est anxiety for national peace and human welfare. ! There is through this temporary convention of Messrs. Forsyth and Fox a gleam of light, and ■ and the only one we see, and if well employed, it may conduct us through JhakOyrinffi■ cut with such inducements to activity, and such materials • of compromise, and such repeated warnings to prepare for the worst, what must this man, Lord . | Palmerston, be made of, who would neither ne gociate through the ordinary methods of diploma cy, nor recollect that an armed negotiation is among the most approved and intiiiible means of prevailing upon an inattentive adversary to give an ear to reason ?" THE rankers’ CIRCULAR. We have the London Bankers’ Circular of March 22nd—the latest and probably only copy in this country, as it was sent off at 7 o’clock on the evening of that day. Its leading article is a temperate, and, (for that side of the water,) very intelligent review of the border difficulties be tween Maine and New Brunswick. The writer understands well the character of the border de mocracy, and of Governor Fairfield, and likewise the motives which prompted his windy action. Not the least idea of a war is entertained. We cannot this evening give the entire article, and prefer not to mutilate it. The following article forms a sort of postscript to the leader, and as it i -elates to Ihc cotton and stock markets, and to t he effect of the news from Maine on the latter, ■ »-e lose not a moment in extracting it: — The grave character of the question of peace o r war between En dmff anl the United States, w -hich is much discussed in the political circles of " L ondon, must for the present w-eek supersede 0 flier subjects which we wish to notice because it is one of indescribable importance to the manu f: icturcrs, capitalists; and bankers of this country. A .nd as our reflections had led us to a more favo r: ible conclusion concerning it than most public n icn and periodical writers w-orthy of attention h ad arrived ct, wc felt it necessary to slate at s ome length the grounds on which we had formed 1 c. The amount of British capital invested in i American stocks is so large, and the confidence i if its holders received so severe a shock by the i ntelligence that the respective border authorities I lad threatened, and that one of them had actu -1 illy commenced hostile operations, that the minds < if all men were directed to the consideration of I file issue of this state of things. We have the : strongest confidence in its being a favorable one, and think that the awkward incidents which have taken place may well lie converted into a means as bringing about a speedy settlement of the dls puto, which hath parties, we helieve, sincerely and , earnestly desire, •» -* 1 In the- meantime the great amount if business which ha* recently been transacted in American stocks will be, in a greatmeasure, stopped or sus pended, until the determination of Congress with relation to the report of the committee on foreign affairs be known, and the conduct of the Govern ment of Maine be ascertained. Ask any broker in the stock exchange about those securities, and h» will answer, “they are all sellers and no buyers therefore there are no transactions in them.” Even the slock of the IJ.iited States Bank, — which, if we may use the expression, is a descrip tion of security naturalized in this country like the stock of our own banks, so many undisturbed family investments have been made in it, has been affected; and sales have been made in it at prices a fraction or two lower. Now the reports of that bank being extensively engaged ia cotton specu lation never lowered the value as their stock. Those reports were groundless, as far as any im mediate interest beyond liberal banking profits se cured to the bank was concerned. If they had been well founded to the alleged extent, the bank would have gained a sum exceeding, we believe, £500,000 by those cotton operations. Messrs. Humphreys and Biddle, of Liverpool, have not a : Angle bale of their immense stocli hist tI.HwU, and ill that they will in future have for sale will be i Toni fresn arrivals. So that the accounts, as far i is the old stock is concerned, may be wound up, i md this will indirectly augment the resources and • ifficieney of the United States Bank, and enable ■t the better to assist the banks of the South, whose • comparative weakness now compels them to press severely on their customers, in order to be ena bled to maintain their own resumed payments in cash. On this matter last alluded to we must shortly make some observations, when we shall take the opportunity of submitting a plan which provides fer a more safe, easy, and regular method of cflect i ng remittances from the United States to Eng land; because it appears to us to merit considera tion with the view of aiding the manufacturing interest of this country.—lt is one patronized by men who stand deservedly high in the estimation of the commercial world. We said five weeks since that-on tha corn-law question, “the number of voles altogether in fa vor of a change is estimated at a point below . 200.” The event (195 votes) has merely confir i Red this; the termination of tbe debate and the : strength of the voting upon it have, however, t ended to give firmness to the corn-market, but t bat which has produced more effect is the know- I edge that 500,000 quarters of wheat bought for 1 England abroad have been countermanded. This c ountermand cannot affect the more remote mar k ets, and, as to those nearer home, we believe t bat in the northern ports, including Hamburgh, r early double that quantity has been purchased f )r British account. Until to-day money has been, throughout the p ast week, very “easy;” so much so that the a mount borrowed of the Bank of England by s ome of the brokers—which altogether, we under s land; did not exceed five hundred thousand I rounds—was paid back by them.—lt is now t ight in the same quarters, but the rates for lodg i nents and discounts remains unaltered. Exchange on Paris—3 days, 25.17) a 25.20. 3 mos. 25,42 j a 25,474 New York—6o days, money. Philadelphia—Do. 47J do Price of gold in bars is j£3 18 per oz. Silver b ars, ss. fd, per oz. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. The great question of the corn laws excluding almost every other topic, in both houses, through out the week ending on the 16th of March. . BOUNDARY QUESTION. In the House of Commons Sir S. Canning inquired of the noble lord the Secretary for For eign Affairs, whether he had received any infor mation from Washington with reference to the | recent collision which was reported to have ta ken place upon the boundary between the state of Maine and our province of New Brunswick. He need not remark how important this subject was. He was desirous to know whether the noble lord had been informed of the course which the American government proposed to take in n consequence of this transaction. He also wished whether there was any reasot iahle J j probability, of the negociations which had now I been carrying on for eight years, for the s« -ttle : ment of this question pf disputed territory, b eing r brought to a satisfactory termination. | Lord Palmerston stated, in reply, that he had . received but very imperfect information upon this . subject from our minister at Washington. The . circumstances to which the honorable gentle; man ; referred were only known generally in that i aity, their details not having arrived. It was not yet, [ therefore, in his power to state what course the , American government intended to pursue. He would be, however, fully justified in stating that the most friendly disposition toward this country prevailed in that quarter.—(Hear.) Sir S. Canning—What is the date of the com munication to which the noble lord refers 1 Lord Palmerston replied that be did no t re member the exact date, but that the commui lica tion had reached him by a rapid conveyance (the Great W’cstcrn.) He could not say whethe r the result of the negociations referred to by the hon orable gentleman would be satisfactory or not; but this he could say, that both goverim tents • were animated by a most serious desire to ol gain such a result.—(Hear.) From m~TlSndbn Morning Post, March 2 1. A good deal of anxiety prevails amongst the leading parties connected with the commert e of the United States and our North American t :olo nies, in consequence of the unpleasant accounts respecting the disputed territory. People of the first information have to-day openly expre ised their opinion that this rupture, for such i t is, however the ministerial scribes may gloss thci nat ter, is pregnant with incalculable mischief, not onlyJo our own settlements, but as regards our relation? with the United States, the goverim icnt of which does not appear to have the powei to restrain the horde* of reckless vagrants that in fest the border frontiers of the self-styled land of lib erty. It is maintained that our governn; ent alone are to be blamed for the unpleasant political aspects which have for some time threatened our supremacy from the other side of the Atlanl ic; with a crippled navy it is not to be expected t hat the-despots of the world, whether monarchial or republican, would respect British dictation. We copy the following from the Momi ng Herald, published some daysprcvtoustoreceivi ng the intelligence of the arrangement entered ii ito by the Secretary of State and Mr. Fox. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. . A war between Great Britain and the Uniti -d States would appear to be inevitable. Nothing, at all events, can prevent war, excepting the mo st ample preparations on the part ot this country t o guard the national honor from violation, and t o maintain, at all hazards, the dominion of Englan d over her North American colonies. It would be the merest folly on Ihc part of th e English government, to shut its eyes to the sac t that a war with England, when the favorable mo - ment shall arrive, is the great object of Mr. Vai i Burcn and of his party. The North American republicans hope yet to subject the whole of thi i vast American continent to their sway; and thi : presence of native tribes, or of colonists owinf ; allegiance to other countries, they regard as equal - ly a profanation of the soil. To extinguish th< t sovereignty of Great Britain in the Canadas i * even more necessary to the consolidation of thi j power of the federal union, than is the extinctioi i of the native races to the establishment of demo - cratic supremacy in the far West Throughout the federal union, there is hut on e feeling as to the necessity, sooner or later, o f wresting the Canadas from Great Britain. S< a long as the Canada*acknowledge.the sovereignty; disruption—so. long, in fact, does England hob I to a great extent, in her hands, the fate of herform - er colonies. But while the desire is universal throughou t the United States to subvert all traces of Enghsl i dominion in North America, the commercial re - lotions which connect the southern states wit! i England have induced in the more wealthy classei : of traders a feeling of exceeding reluctance t< > engage in hostilities with this country. Thi s feeling of reluctance on the part of American com - mercialists will, however, avail only to a very li - mited extent toward the prevention of war—so r the commercial aristocracy ol America is itscl f regarded as a tyranny, as a vast social nuisance -, by the ultra-democratic party throughout th e federal union. The conquest of the Canadas would scarely t e hailed with more joy by the loco-focos, tha n would the subversion of the power of the moneyc d classes. The same process, however, bids fair 1 o attain both objects. The Canadas can be adde d to the federal union only by conquest; and awt ir with Great Britain would consign half the me i neyed men in the United States t« bankruptcy ;. A successful war with Great Britain, therefor a, would not only add prodigiously to the solid powi t of the United' States, but would transfer to tl ic ultra democratic party the entire management of public affairs. France. The elections have resulted unfavoral ly so t he Cabinet, the ministers again tendered their i e signation on the Bth, and it was accepted. Me r shal Soult was then sent for by the King, ar id subsequently M. Thiers, was also called in. N e gociations for the information of a new cabin ct were in progress until the 20th. On the day tl ic new ministers presented to the King an outlii le of the policy on which they would come in, as follows: Ist. That France should declare war again st Don Carlos. 2d. That France should dccla: e to Austria that she would not allow of a ma r riage between an Austrian prince and the your g Queen Isabella, as had been proposed by Print e Mctternich. 3d. That the affairs of Belgiui n must be considered as settled. 4th. That the w: u against Mexico should be persevered in. stl i. That the conversion of the five per cent, renlt ‘s should be adopted. 6th. That certain concc; ;• sions should be made to the growers of beet-rot >1 sugar. 7th. That the question of electoral n > form should be adjourned. Bth. That the law s of September should be revised ; and 9th, an d principally. That the presidence reelle shoul d be insisted on, or. in other words, that, except o n very state occasions, the King should not preside at the council of ministers. To these conditions the King refused his a: i sent, declaring that, if necessary, he would rath* r submit to be disposed than accede to the terrr is insisted on ; but the latest postscript from Par is says that he afterward withdrew his refusal, an d ex pressed his willingness to accede to the coi i ditions. The constitution of the new ministry had m at been officially announced; but it is given as so I lows by the London papers: Marshal Soult - - - War and President. Thiers ----- Foreign Affairs. Passy ----- Interior. Humann - Finance. Dupin ----- Justice & Religion. Duperre .... Marine. Dufaurc - - - - Commerce. Sauzet ----- Public Works. Villemain - - - - Public Instruction. Commerce of Odessa.—But few are awa re of the immense trade of this port, on the Blai -k Sea, and of the exhaustless resources of Southe m. Russia. The Odessa Journal says: “ The year just ended was one of the most b ril liant for the trade of Odessa since the foundat ion of the town. The value of the exports in 16 !37 exceeded 38,000,000 roubles, and that of the im ports was nearly 22,000,000. Above 800 sb ips arrived in our port from various parts of the glc die, and an equal number sailed,.loaded with the p re duce of the south of Russia, among which th ere was nearly a million chetweits of wheat.” * s MONDAY MORNING, APRIL 22. r - Fire. > The Charleston Courier of Saturday says, I about 11 o’clock last night, a fire broke out in the i work shop of Mr. T. C. Tharin, Wheelwright, ! in King-street, next the comer of Mary-strect, 1 which was soon enveloped in flames. It then communicated to an adjoining building to the : South, belonging to the same gentleman, which with a comer building, occupied by Tolle as a grocery store. The flames then crossed the street, and attack«i> a building on the N. E. corner of Kingand Mary streets, owned by Mr. H. Joye, and occupied by him as a grocery store, which, with one or two, ■ other small buildings, were entirely destroyed. By the Logansport Herald, extra, of April 6th | we have nev gos the decease of Gen. John Tip , ton, late a Senator of the United. Stales from the State of Indiana. At the moment of apparent good health, he was attacked, on the night of the 4th inst. with what was called an appoplexy of the lungs, of which he expired, on the afternoon of the following day. General Tipton was a native of Tcnncsse, aged about 55, and had during his life rendered ■valuable service in different publlo stations. The Nashville Whig states that $5 notes of the Union Bank of Tennessee have been ingen iously altered le no es of SIOO. The Commercial Bank of Rodney, Miss, gives notice that its Post Notes have been mutilated and alt cred, and that the Bank has none in circu ation over SIOO. From the Charleston Courier. Commercial Convention. Charleston, April 18, 1839. The Convention met at 10 o’clock, A. M- The minutes cf the previous meeting were read. The foil owing additional delegates appeared: SOUTH CAROLINA. Colle ton District —John Boyle. TENNESSEE. Mem phis —Theophilus A. Field. Mr. ; iobson, of Madison, Ga., stated that he was ab sent when the vote was taken yesterday, in his delegation, on the motion to lay on the table, the resolution for the revival of the South* :rn Review, and that, although he was satisfu d such a Review, would receive a zeal ous si ipport in Georgia, he thought it an in appr°| mate subject ot action for the Convention. He a: iked leave to recoid his vote in favor of the motio ato lay the resolution on the table. Leave was g ranted, and Mr. Robson recorded his vote accon lingly. The result of this vote was to di vide the Georgia delegation equally—Yeas 17, Nays 17. Tb ,e Convention then took up and adopted the I leport of the Committee of Twenty-one, on a Dii ect Trade with Europe. Tl ic resolutions of Mr. King, appended to the Rcp< art on the Taxation of Commercial Capital, were then taken up. * T he Hon. Wm. C. Preston, moved an amend men tor substitute for the resolutions, which was accepted by Mr. King, and ikas follows: i ■ esohed. That this CToBVKtwh earnestly re coni mend to the respective legislatures of the Sou them and Sotith Western States, so to frame ther r legislation, as to remove any unequal burden froi n trade and commerce, and the accumulation of commercial capital, within their respective ten -Rories. The resolution was advocated by Messrs. King, A. P. Hayne, McCord,* Preston, R. Y. Hayne, an. 1 Hunt, of South Carolina, and Miller, of Au gusta; and was opposed by Messs. Felder of South Ci .rolma, and Longstreet and Skrine, of Georgia. The vote was then taken by States, and the re solution was unanimously adopted by States. The report was therrtaken up, and also adopted. Judge Longstreet withdrew the series of addi ti. mal resolutions submitted by him, and offored tb c following as a substitute, embodying their pi inciple. Resolved, That the Chair appoint Committees, ai id designate their several spheres of operation, w hose duty it shall be to call meetings in their sc veral districts, and to recommend to them to in vi :st a portion of their surplus capital in limited p. irtnerships, with merchants, in the trading ci ties and towns of their respective States, and to re port to the next meeting of the body the result ol ' their labors. Tbe resolution was adopted. The Committee under this resolution are the D elegations of the respective Districts. Under the resolution ot Col. A. P. Hayne, pi Lssed yesterday, the President appointed the fol io wing Committees, to take measures to ensure a fi ill representation in the Convention to be held at Macon, Geo., on the Ist Monday in May, 1840, ai id to attend the Legislature of their respective S tales, to promote the objects of the Convention. Suu/ti-Carolinu. —A. P. Hayne, C. G. Mcm n linger. A. G. Magrath, John C. Ker, Edward F rost, James Gregg Andrew Wallace, D. Ewart R . Boyce, John Caldwell. Sort h- Ca rutin a. —W. H. Haywood, Jr. of Ra leigh; John Burgwin, Newburn; Jas. Owen, Wil mington; D. Reinhardt, Lincolnton; E. J. Hale, E . W. Willkings, J. W. Sanford, Fayetteville: G en. Patterson, Wilkeslrorough; Jas. M. Smith, J. W. Patton, Asheville. Georgia —Bcnj. E. Stiles, T. H. Harden, Sa vr innah; C. J. Jenkins, John Bones, Augusta; J. C awles, D. C. Campbell, Macon; Wm. Hearing, A thens; J. S. Calhoun, Columbus; J. L. Harris, M illedgeville. Tennessee —Alexander Williams, William S. K mnedy, Janies Park, Campbell Wallace, Robert Ki ng, and Jacob P. Chase of Knoxville; Onslow, G. Murrell, James Fyffe, Richard C. Jackson, At hens; and Theophilus A. Field, Memphis. Alabama. —Abner M. Gehee, James, E. Bel scr, B. F. Porter, B. Sherwood, M. Tarver, Ab ner Lipscomb, Ezekiel Pickens, Jno. Duncan, Jai nes Abercrombie, James M. Beckett, Winter Pa yne. Mississippi. —John A. Quitman, of Adams Co unty; Preston W. Farrar, Wilkinson; Thomas B. Ives, \ellabosha; John Bell, Pontitoc; T.M. Ti teker, Lowndes; Thomas J. Green, Warren; J. B. Morgan, Hinds; Doctor—Sitler, Rankin; Ki >ger Barton, Marshal; Chapman Levy, Attala. Florida. —James Gadsden, George T. Ward, Sa mucl H. Duval, Robert H. Berry, Wm. J. ‘ Mills, Hardy H. Philips. Henry D. Holland, 1 Ki chard C. Allen, Hiram Noursc, Thos. M. ‘ Blount. < The Hon. F. H. Elmore, from the Committee * of Ten, read an able report, full of interesting and cheering detail, shewing that goods may be pur chased cs cheaply ami on as good terms, in South ern as in Northern Seaports; and indeed that the direct importer can lay down goods in Charles ton 10 per cent cheaper, than they can be laid j down in Charleston by the way of New York. This report led to much discussion, in which i Messrs. Preston, Elmore, Longstreet, Bones, Ste- 1 phens, aud Boyce took part. b At the close of the discussion, Mr. Elmore of- 1 sered the following resolution, which was adopted. J Resolved, That the report be printed with the o proceedings of the Convention, under the super- p vision of the Committee. * j The President having retired for an interval, I Mitchell King, Esq., one of the Vice Presidents, a took the Chair. „ On Motion of Gen. Hayne. ti Resolved, unanimously, That the thanks of ai the Convention be returned to the President for the able, dignified, and impartial manner, in whii b he has discharged the duties < f the Chair; also to the Secretary, for the diligence and skill vjith which he has performed the duties of his office. On resuming the Chair, the President made his acknowledgments to the Convention, in an elo quent and impressive address. On motion of Mr. Bearing, Resolved, That the unfeigned thanks of this Convention be tendered to the citizens of Charles ton, for the kind and liberal hospitably, extended since our first arrival in this interesting city. On motion of Mr. Bearing, Resolved, That the thanks of the Convention be returned to the Committees of Twenly-one and Ten for their able and important reports. On motion of Mr. McCord, Resolaed, That the thanks of the Convention be returned to Mr. Abbott, for his kind and liberal appropriation of the Theatre to the use of the Convention. It was announced that the proceedings of the Convention would be printed under the direction and at the charge of the CharUwon Delegation. On motion oftho Hon. F. H. Elmore, the Con vention then adjourned sine die. ASBURY HULL, PresidsnL Richard Yeadon, Jr. Secretary. N. B.—ln the report of the proceedings, yes terday, Abner McGehee, of Alabama, instead of Mr. Pollard, qf the same State, should have been mentioned as advocating the resolution to revive the .Southern Review. In Mr. King’s report, on the taxation of com mercial capital, the present estimated average val ue of slaves was priiited'“thrcc hundred” instead . of “Jive hundred’'’ dollars. Important legal decision.— The Boston Times reports a decision of some importance to commission merchants, which was last work made hy Chief Justice Shaw, the other judge concurr ing. Tire dcciskn was given in an action brought to recover the value of goods sold for a less price than tile limit of the consigner—advance having been made on the goods at the time of consign ment. It was ruled by the Court that a commis sion merchant having received goods to sell at a limited price, and made advances on the same, lias a right to reimburse or indemnify himself by sel ling said goods at a fair market price, though bc i low the limits, if the consigner refuses upon ap plication, and after a reasonable lime, to repay the advances. Value of Real Estate. —There was a salt of ten lots in this city yesterday, at an auction, ir the square on which, the Bank stands. The lots were about 22 feet front on Main street. The highest brought Jive hundred dollars per foot, the lowest three hundred and forty dollars. —s7. Louis Republican.. Alarming.— The morns multicaulis epidemic 1 has broken out in Kent county, Maryland, The Bugle thus explains the leading feature of this epidemic, and its singular effects upon the good 1 people of Kent; “ Are you gardening 1 says one. No; 1 am ’ planting morus multicaulis ! Are your potatoes ' in the ground ? asks another. No;.I am plant ing morus multicaulis!! Have you any lettuce plants? qucric&ai third. No; I plant the morus 1 multicaulis!!! ijave you scajfjj patsl asks a-, -■ 'ftnmh. "Nfff I'Anirpfariting the morus multicau , hs! 1!! Are yoa,ready to plant corn ? inquires the fifth. Not quite ; but I shall be when 1 have ; planted my Moras multicaulis!!! !! It is skid that an old lady actually sold her silver spectacles , aB(! an antique snuff box, to pay for a share of morus multicaulis stock.” ' * , , “ , A letter from our .Bangor correspondent, dated 7th inst. says, orders hate been received from head i quarters at t ort Fairfhdd, to erwt barracks for . 1500 men on Thomas’s hill in this city.” * Bulletin . J - 3 Great Firk in the WooDf,—Thc fire no - I -ITV" of Wednesday fast, as discern. * ihlc from this city in a south eastern direction r New Jersey, we have since learned, was in the woods of ,M rs Howell, about one and a half miles ’ Z ot W " odbur y- The timber being small, and , the ground covered with much brush and under ' wood - ,lle fin- ton through the whole tract lying ; west of the rati road, tc.thc Crown Point road I computing about one hundred acres, in she brief ; space of a few hours—less than three—burning > it literally smooth, and creating so much beat that t the lights of glass oftho rail road cars, passing through It at the time, became so much heated it was apprehended they would break. A part of ; the same track was on fire and considerably dam aged last summer, but the efforts the.i made to . check it were effectual. On Tuesday last how ■ ever, it suddenly reached a height which’defied all control, and with resistless sweep laid ii a bar ren waste. Ths fire doubtless originated from a spark from tbe locomotive attached to the Wood bury train of cars, and every thing being exces sively dry, it spread with fearful rapidity—the heat being so intense as to prevent those who volunteered to check it, from ipproachin. suiii ciently near to work upon it. The loss is consid erable.—A. Y. Times. From the Baltimore American. From the annexed statement it appears tha the population of the United States has increased in number at the rate of thirty-three and a third per cent every ten years, and that at the time- of the next census, in 1840, the number ofinhabi tants will amount to sixteen millions. Formerly in making the estimates, attention was only paid to the number, wuhout reference to the particu lar races, but, hereafter, under a law of Congress passed at the last session, much information will be collected concerning the wealth, industry, pro ducts, ice. of the different States from which ac curate opinions may be formed as to their respec tive capabilities. The rapid increase of popula tion is without a parallel, it is believed, hi the history of nations, and will show at once how idle it is to attempt to draw analogies in political economy, where none can fairly exist. After the American Revolution, the territory of the United frtates presented itself as a land of promise, to which the oppressed of all nations might fly. and and pursue individual happiness under the benign influence of popular institutions- The eagerness with which this refuge has been sought, whilst it shows the condition of the countries of Europe, SO far as the mass of the people is concerned, goes fas to illustrate the desire of man to become a free agent, consistently with the due organization of civilized society. Census of Whites. Free col’d. Slaves. Tot’!. 1799 3,172,164 59,466 697.897 3 929.527 1800 1,304,489 108,395 893.011 5 305 925 1810 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,23n'.5!4 1820 7,866.569 233,524 1.538.028 963* 131 1830 10,337,378 319.599 2,009,04312,866,020 Mississippi Rail. Road Bank. The Vicksburg Sentinel asserts as a fact, that the Railroad bank, or at least the president thereof had engaged half a million of Texas bonds and had paid over the whole amount in Railroad bank paper, payable on demand, and cheeks at 90 days on the north. The Sentinel intimates that the paper payable on demand was deposited in tin- Merchants bank of New Orleans, and that Mr. Robins had succeeded in sequestrating the funds', and thus blown up the speculation. The Senti nel styles in one of the most monstrous Iran sac lions that the days of banking wdfinanciering ever produced, ’