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u Sentinel. AUGUSTA. TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 13. Praeatatioß of Vue. The subjoined correspondence between the com mittee and Ex-Mayor Gumming, bee been handed ua for publication. We understand that Mr. Gumming has consent * ad, by the particular request of the committee, to allow the Vase to remain for a few days at Messrs. Clarfca. Rackctt A Co’s., to give our citizens an opportunity of seeing it Augusta, July 10, IS4I. To Alfred Gumming, Esq.: Deai Sin—We have the honor of presenting to you the accompanying Vase, in the name of your fellow-citizens of Augusta, as a Atimonial of their grateful appreciation of your distinguished services ig the Mayerality of the city during the disastrous epidemic of 1839. With great respect, Your very humble servants,, JOHN McKINNE, "1 JOHN KERR, O.E. CARMICHAEL, JOHN J. COHEN, . THOS. W. MILLER, 8 WM. T. GOULD, I ■a E. B. GLASCOCK, fg A. JOHNSTON, S ANDREW 8. BULL, ° K. AUSTIN, R. W. COLLIER, J. W. WILDE, J Augusta, July 10,1841* Tv the Commit toe; Gentlemen —Accept my acknowledgement of your veiy courteous note, accompanying the Vase, presented by you in the name of rny fellow-citi zens es Augusta, and assure them of my gratitude far this distinguished evidence of their approbation of my official services in the Mayoralty of this city, during the summer of 1839. I avail myself of this opportuaity, to express publicly ray sense of obligation to those among them, who so effi ciently aided my efforts by their active benevo lence and faithful discharge of duty at that time. Respectfully, your obd’t servant, t A. GUMMING. . Te Mns»». Jams McKinnx, ' 1 Johit Kexb, O. B. Carmichael, John J. Cohex, , Thos. W. Miller, £ Wm. T. Gould, S E. B. Glascock, f p A. JoBIfSTOII, o Andrew G. Bull, ° E. Bustih, E. W. Collier, J. W. Wilde, J Tribute of Respect. Augusta, City Hall, £ July 10, 1841. 3 At a meeting of the Members of the Richmond Bar, the Hon. Wm. W. Holt, was called to the chair, and the following resolutions unanimously adopted: Jieoolved, That the Members of this Bar, have learned with profound regret the demise of the Hon. ROBERT RAYMOND REID, late Gov ernor of the Tesritory of Florida. Not alone be cause a distinguished public man has fallen, bu l because they have known and admired him as a member of thir own fraternity—as Mayor of the City of Augusta—as Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas in same city—as Judge of the Supe rior Courts of this Judicial District—and as a Representative of Georgia in the Congress of the United States. Resolved, Tnat we respectfully tender to the afflicted family of the deceased our sincere con dolence. Resolved, That in testimony of our respect for the memory of the deceased, we will wear a badge of mourning for the space of thirty days. Resolved, That these proceedings be presented to the Superior Court, now in session, with a re quest that his Honor Judge Shly, cause them to be entered on the minutes of the Court, and in struct the clerk to forward a copy of them to the temily of the deceased. Upon presentation of the foregoing resolutions, it is ordered that they be entered on the minutes of the Court, and that the clerk forward a copy of them to the family of the late Governor Reid. And upon motion of Mr. Attorney General Gardner, it is further ordered, that these procce \ dings be published in the city gazettes, w 1 A true copy from the minutes of.this Court, | ' 10th July, 1841. JAMES McLAWS, Clerk. 1 A New Route to Mississippi. —The Co lumbus (Miss.) Democrat requests us to ex change, and says “ send via Charleston, S. C.” W« can’t accommodate you with an exchange Mr. Democrat, your ignorant Locofoce effusions could be of no possible use to us. Probably our neigh bor might l« induced to favor you with an ex change. Try him. P. S. Cannot some of our Whig friends In Mississippi furnish Mr. Worthington with a map of the United States, or at least show him in what direction Charleston is from Augusta. The Whigs of Vermont have nominated Chas. Paine for Governor, W. R. Ranney, for Lieut. Governor, and John Spalding, for Treasurer, j Correspondence qf the Charleston Courier, Washington, July 9. The bank question still engrosses the attention of the Senate, and, indeed, of all persons—more interest being felt in that than in any other bill. The opposition Senators are offering their amend ments to the bill. Mr. Walker proposed several amendments, with a view to secure more pub licly to the proceedings of the bank. Mr. Clay thought the bill was sufficiently well guarded in this respect. The bank was open to the unre stricted inspection of the committees of either house, of the stockholders, and of each and all the directors ; any thing farther would be useless and emoarrassing. The amendments were voted down, except one which provides that nothing shall be kept secret from the government direc tors, and another that any ten or more of the stockholders may at any time examine the ac counts of individuals. The prospect now is that Mr. Clay’s bill will pass both houses and some suppose that the Pre sident will approve it. The Senate bill repealing the Sub-Treasury act has not been reported in the House. An in effectual attempt was made to direct the cur rency committee to report it. The House will now go on rapidly with the public business, and after the bank bill is dis posed of every thing else will soon be brought to a close. The House has adopted*two rules for promo ting the despatch of business—one, which enables a bare majority to take any bill out of committee at any time, after voting upon amendments, . without debate; and another, which prohibits any member peaking ant than one how on any subject. The latter rule works well, afford ing all an opportunity to speak, though not so fully as some sould wish. It stop* the long memoirs and essays which members deliver for home consumption, but allows full scope for de bate. - The lean bill was discussed, very ably, by Mr. Pickens and Mr. Rhett, who opposed it, and by Mr. Sergeant and Mr. Fessenden, in its support. Franklin’s Toast. Long after Washington’s victories over the French and English bad made bis name familiar over all Europe, Dr. Franklin chanced to dine with the English and French Ambassadors when as nearly as t can recollect the words, the follow ing toasts were drank:—By the British Ambas sador—‘England—the sun whose beams enlight en and fructify the remotest corners of the earth.’ —The French Ambassador, glowing with nation al pride drank—‘France —the moon, whose mild steady an J cheering rays are the delight of all nations; consoling theni in darkness, making f thftr dreariness beautiful. Dr. Franklin then a rose with! his usual dignified simplicity said JQfiMge Washington—ihe Joshus who command ed tiie sun and moon to standstill andtbey obey ed him. ’ Inst an Tbeatt. —The National Intelligencer publishes a treaty recently ratified, says the Alba ny Advertiser, with amendments, by consent of the Senate made on the 28th of November last, at the Forks of the Wabash, in Indiana, by Sam uel MRroy and Allen Hamilton, as Commission ers on the part of the United States, and the Chiefs, 'Warriors and Headmen of the Miami tribe-of Indiana. By this treaty the Miamis cede to the U. States ail their remaining lands in In diana, far which the United Statea engage to pay the sum of $550,880. This payment is to be made as follows, viz: sßoo,oooas soon as an ap- J prop nation shall be made for the purpose by Con gress, after the ratification of ,the treaty, to be ap plied to the payment of exist! debts of the tribe; and the remaining $350,000 in twenty year ly instalments.' The ratification ia made on tire condition that the ladfeoa max to the amend it —-S the Philadelphia North American. ~~ On Flag. Being desirous on the approach of the glorioos fourth, to stale some of the fresh and early fruits' of the Revolution, I have been looking over tome volumes of old newspapers. From the Philadel phia Library I obtained a file of English newspa pers for 1779. In it I found a very beautiful and highly complimentary description of the Ameri can Standard of the straggling colonies. Bead ing the article to a few friends, I found it to be new and instructive to them as to myself, and it was determined to publish it. One of the gen tlemen said “ I now recollect that the first troop of Philadelphia Cavalry, (which was organized in 1764, and commanded by a Revolutionary offi cer, the late Colonel Forrest, and which I after wards had the honor to command) bad a rattle snake on its standard, with the mol to Don't tread on me.’ was after many years’ use, laid aside’; bat I think I can find it, and as it has such glori ous associations, we mast look it np and present it to the Philadelphia Museum, since it is proba bly the only flag of the kind in the country.” These gentlemen as many others to whom I have spoken on the subject, had no knowledge that the rattlesnake and its motto had been borne high and victorioos in many a bard fought field in the early stages of the Revolution. 1 have no where met with any account of this standard hav ing been carried on land, but on the ocean, in foany a gallant fight, it braved the “battik and the breeze.” In some of the English accounts of the rebel flags, we are told that in addition to the rattlesnake, “it had thirteen strokesno where do they mention the colors used in paint ing the flags. Yours, &c. Extract from the L onion Chronicle Jrom Thursday July 25th, to Saturday, July 21 th, 1776. The American Standard is thus described ; “The colors of the American fleet have a snake with thirteen rattles, the fourteenth budding, de scribed in the attitude of going to strike, with this motto, * Don’t tread on me,’ It is rule in heraldry, that the worthy properties of the animal in the crest borne shall be considered, and the base ones cannot be intended. The ancients accounted a snake or serpent an emblem of wisdom, and, in certain attitudes, of endless duration. The rat tlesnake is properly a representative of America, as this animal is found in no other part of the world. The eye of this creature excels in bright ness that of any other animal. She has no eye lids, and therefore an emblem of vigilence. (the never begins an attack, nor ever surrenders; she is tberefoM an emblem es magnanimity and true courage. When injured, or in danger of being injured, she never wounds till she has given no tice to her enemies of their danger. “No other of her kind shows so much gener osity. When undisturbed and in peace, she doesn’t appear to be furnished with weapons of any kind. They are latent in the roof of the month ; a d even when extended for her defence, appear' to those unacquainted with her, to be weak and contemptible; yet her wounds, however small, are decisive and fatal. She is solitary, and associates with her kind only when it is necessarv for their preservation. Her poison is at once the necessary means of digesting her food, and cer tain destruction to her enemies. The power of fascination attributed to her by a genera-is con struction, resembles America. Those who look steadily on her, are delighted, and involuntary ad vance towards her, and having once approached, never leave her. She is frequently found with thirteen rattles, and they increase yearly. She is beautiful in youth and in age. Her tongue is blue, and forked as the lightning.” A Mind in Ruins.—On Saturday last says the Baltimore Sun, a man was noticed to get in to the Washington train of cars, in company with his wife, bis mother and son-in-law, from the peculiarity of manner we were induced to make some inquiries respecting him. We learned that his name was Benton Starks, a shoemaker from Athens, Geo. The unfortunate man had been put into the Baltimore Hospital two weeks ago in a state of mental alienation. He is represent ed as an industrious man, who bad acquired a considerable property by many years of industry. He suddenly got in possession of upwards of S7OOO, and the vision of wealth and happiness which danced before his imaginalioq, overpower ed his intellect. Having collected his flinds, he took the stage for Baltimore, through which he passed on to Philadelphia, New York and Boston and ultimately returned to this city, having spent nearly all he had. A young gentleman from Virginia came on to induce him, if possible, to return, home, but failing in this, requested High Constables Mitchell and Cook to take him into custody. He bad, when taken, two pistols valued at $76, forty-seven pieces of gold coin, amount ing to about $835; s9l in paper, and $1 in sil ver, making in all S3BB. Five fine gold watches were found upon his person—the chains running round his neck and body. Threeyaluable breast pins of the largest size glittered in his bosom. “ I’ll tell you,” says an ex-member of Con gress, in Michigan, “how I secured my election in this district several years ago. When I was nominated, the party to which I belonged was in the minority, and there was no hope of succee l dine unless somethine ranre thsn ordllm-y was i resorted to. After reflecting sometime I came to J' the conclusion to steal a hog from one of my i neighbors, which I did, and m the moining the neighbor traced ms to my dwelling, and ascer tained beyond a doubt that I was the thief, and published me as such; when I immediately ap pealed to the sympathies of the people, and ask ed them if they thought I would steal a hug. They swallowed the bail; said it was persecution on the part of the neighbor, who was politically opposeu to me; and the consequence was, I was triumphantly elected. Butlhe next time I was a candidate for the same office, a Yankee, Irom Vermont was the opposite candidate, who hav ing learned the secret, sffile a sheep, and run me sky high. —Sunday Hill Herald. Michigan Scbip. —The Auditor of the Sta e of Michigan is issuing what is termed scrip, but really bills of credit, to the amount of $336,000 - bearing interest from the time of its issue. This scrip is based on the October instalment of the five million loan due from the Bank of the U. 8. and will form a State Stock Currency, which will be elevated or depressed according to the prbs i pect of payment by the bank. —Albany Argue, | The Gaines Case.—This case was again . brought up at New Orleans on the SBth ult. Our I readers already know the question at issue ; —the , plaintiffs claim certain properly—portion of the estate of the late Daniel Clarke, which they al , ledge the defendanis illegally possess. They also , claim SBO,OOO damages for such illegal possession. . They claim title through the probated will of Daniel Clarke, bequeathing it to his mother, and the will of his mother devising it to them. Myra Clarke Gaines claimed to be the legiti mate daughter of Daniel Clarke, his sole heir by a subsequent will, not however produced, nor any evidence of its legal existence shown. When the trial came up before, she, or her counsel, pleaded a general denial; to this in the present instance she added, aspecialdenial of pos session of the property claimed. The judge briefly charged thejury, who retired to their room, where they spent about an hour, and returned with a verdict for the defendant. Declivity of Rivers. A very slight declivity will suffice to give the running motion to water. Three inches per mife, m a smooth straight channel, gives a velocity of about three miles an hour. The Ganges, which gathers the waters of the Himlaya mountains, i the loftiest in the world is, at eighteen hundred i miles, from its mouth, only eight hundred feet , above the level of the sea, that is about twice as , high as Bt. Paul’s church in London, (ot the t height of Arthur’s Seat, near Edingburg) god to . fall those eight hundred feet in its long course, , the water requires more than a month. The , great river Magdllena, in South America run r ning for a thousand miles between the two ridges . of the Andes, falls only five hundred feet in all the distance. Above the current of the thousand . miles, it is seen descending in rapids and cata r racts from the mountains. The gigantic Rio de . la Plata has so gentle a descent to the Ocean, that ihe Paragua,fifteen hundred miles from its mouth, large ships are seen, which have sailed against the . current all the way, by the force of the wind r al p ne ! that is to say, which, on the beautiful in , clined plain of the stream, have been gradually ! lifted by the soft wind, and even against the cur rent, to an elevation greater than that of the lof . liest spires.— Arnot's Physics. Au Important Steam Enterprise. The New York Herald has late papers from 1 Brazil. One of them states that a contract, to 1 last 15 years, has been made between the Gov * eminent of Brazil and William Morgan, of Bris tol, England, to run a line of steamships of four | hundred horse power, and 1500 tons burthen, . between Falmouth and Rio. It is expected that . each, trip will be made in twenty-five days. One is to leave each port every month. They will-touch at the several provinces ot the r Brazilian empire, and at Buenos Ayres, and Mon . tevideo. Mr. Morgan is to receive $8,500 per f month. The steamers are to carry the mails, , passengers and light freight—They are also to . convey Brazillian troops, when the government desires. Every thing is to be conducted on the i most liberal scale, and the steamers are to enjoy advantages over all other vessels. Letters are to , be carried for one-third less postage, the got em inent to have one-half and the contractor the oth er. This line forms another link in the chain of steam communication around the world. Daring Robueht.—The counting room of the Salisbury Manufacturing Company, in Ames. bury, was entered last night, and the vault broken open,’and sixteen thousand dollars in bills of wapll denomination, of the Merchants’ Bank, satem. were Stolen. A reward of SSOO is offer. fyfi of B<A last. r • ■ From Stevens’Travel* in South America. A gna Cattles te. “It was cold and windy. We ascended and crossed a-high plain, mad at the distance of a league descended to a village. Beyond this we aeeended a high and rugged mountain, and on the top reached a magnificent plain. We rode at a brisk pace. At dusk we reechsd the top of a high mountain, and by one of those long, sleep, and difficult descents of which it is impossible to give the leader any idea, entered the village of Agna Calientes. It was occupied by Indians, who gathered round nt in the plaza, and by the line of pine sticks looked at Carrera’s passport. Not one of them could read it, but it was enough to pronounce the name, and the whole village was put in requisition to provide ns with some thing to eat. We made inquiries with the view of hiring for the night, the bedsteads of the prin cipal inhabitants, but there was not one in the village; all slept on the bosom of mother earth, and we had part of the family bed. Fortunate ly, however, and most important for us, our mules fared well. Early in the morning we resumed our journey. There are warm springs in this neighborhood, but we did not go ont of onr way to visit theiq. A short distance from the village, we crossed a river and commenced ascending a mountain. On the top we came upon a narrow table of land, with a magnificent forest on both sides far below us. The wind swept over the lofty height, so that with our ponebas, which >vere necessary on ac- | count of the cold, it was difficult to keep the sad dle. The road was broken and stony, and the track scarcely perceptible. At about ten o'clock, the whole surface of the mountain was a bare ridge of lime stone, from which the sun was re flecting with scorching heat, and the whiteness was dazzling and painful to the eyes. Below us, on each side, continued an immense forest of gi- ] gantic pines. The road wSs perfectly desolate ; ' we met no travellers. In four hours we saw on our left, at a great distance below, a single ha cienda, with a clearing around it, seemingly sc- ! iected for a magnificent seclusion from the con vulsions of a distracted country. The ridge was broken by gullies and deep ravines; and we came to one across which, byway of bridge, lay the trunks of two gigantic pines. My macho always ' palled back when I attempted to lead him, and I [ remained on his back, and was carried steadily over; but at the other end we started at a noise behind us. Our best cargo-mule had fallen, rolled over, and hung on the brink of the precipice, with ter feet kicking in the air, kept from falling to the , ottom only by being entangled among bushes. In a moment we scrambled down to her ; got her bead turned up the bank, and by means of strong ; halters heaved her out; but she was bruised and crippled, and barely able to stagger under her load. Continuing along the ridge, swept by fierce blasts of wind, we descended again to a river, rode some distance along its bank, and passed a (rack np the side of a mountain on the right, so steep that I had no idea it could be our road, and passed it, but was called back. It was the steepest ascent we had yet had in the coun try. It was cruel to push my brave macho, but I had been tormented ail day with a violent head ache, and could not; so I beat up, making the best tacks I could, and stopping every time I put about. On the top broke upon ns one of those grand and magnificent views which, when we had wiped off perspiration and recovered breath, always indemnified us for our toil. It was the highest ground on which we had yet stood. Around us was a sea of mountains, and peeping above them, but so little as to give full effects to our own great height, were the conical tops of two new volcanoes. The surface was of lime stone rock, in immense strata, with quartz, in or je piece of which we discovered a speck of Here again, in this vast wilderness of mount sins] deep in the bowels of the earth, are those teposi’ tories of the precious ores for which millions upon millions all over the world are toiling, bargaining, craving and cheating every day, ' Continuing on this ridge, we came out upon a spur commanding a view, far below us, of a cul tivated valley, and the village of San Sabastiano. We descended to the valley, left the village on our right, crossed the spur, and saw the end of our day’s journey, the town of Gueguetenango, situated on an extensive plain, with a mild climate, luxuriant with trophical productions, surrounded by immense mountains, and before us the great Sierra Madre, the natural bulwark of Central America, the grandeur and magnificence of the view disturbed only by the distressing reflection that we had to cross it. My macho, brought up on the plains of Costa Rico, had long seemed puzzled to know what mountains were made tor ; if he could have spoken, he would have cried out in anguish, Hills peer o’er bills, and Alps on Alps arise.” Our day’s journey was but twenty-seven miles, but it was harder for man and beast than any six ty since we left Guatimala. We rode into the town, the chief place of the last district of Cen tral America and of the ancient kindom of Quiche. It was well built, with a large church or plaza, and again a crowd of Mestizoes were engaged in the favorite occupation of fighting cocks. As we rose through the plaza the bell sounded for the oracion or vesper prayers. The people fell on their knees and we took off our hats. We reach tCu«fu»t«ii-non In V condition. The next morning Don Joaquim told us ofthe skeleton of a colossal animal, supposed to he a mastodon, which hail l«cn found in the. neigh borhood. Some of the bones had been collected, and were then in the town, and having seen them, we look a guide and walked to the place where they had been discovered, on the borders of the Rio Chinaca, about half a mile distant. At this time the river was low, but the year before, swelled by the immense floods of the rainy sea son it had burst its bounds, earned away its left bank, and laid bare one side of the skeleton. The bank was perpendicular, about thirty feet high, and the animal had been buried in an upright position. Besides the bones in the town, some had been carried away by the flood, others re mained embedded in the earth; but the impres sion of the whole animal, from twentv-five to thirty feet long, was distinctly visible. We were told that about eight leagues above, on the bank of the same river, the skeleton of a much larger animal had been discovered. In the afternoon wc rode to the ruins, which in the town was called las euecas, the caves. They lie about half a Icagne distant, on a magnificent plain bounded in the distance by the lofty moun tains, among which is the great Sierra Madre. The site of the ancient city, as at Patinamit and Santa Cruz del Quiche, was chosen for its secu i rity against enemies. It was surrounded by a i ravine, and the general character of the ruins is • the same as at Quiche, but the hand of destruc i tion has fallen upon it more heavily. The whole is confused heap of grass-grown fragments. The principal remains are two pyramidal structures, i One of them measures at the base one hundred and two feet; the steps are four feet high and se ■ ven feet deep, making the Whole height twenty eight feet. They are not of cut stone as at Copa'n, but of rough pieces cemented with lime, and the whole exterior was formerly coaled with stucco and painted. On the top is a small square plat t form, and at the base lies a long slab of rough ■ stone, apparently hurled down from the top ; per haps the altar on which human victims were ex- I tended for sacrifice. At the foot of the structure was a vault, faced with cut stone, in which were found a collection of bones and a terracotta vase. The vault was not long enough for the body of a man extended, ! and the boues must have been separated before they were placed there. r Mississippi and Indiana.— These States 1 have both failed to pay the interest on their debts ’ due on the first inst. The New York American says:—“There is this difference, however, to be noted between them, that whereas Mississippi has ’ not even made an effort to preserve her faith and ’ good name, Indiana has only failed to do so 1 tknugli au unwise restriction imposed upon her \ fund commissioners, not to hypothecate the stock. ! The limits at which alone the stock could be sold, rendered it unsaleable in the market, and as * it could not be pledged for a temporary loan, the money to pay her interest could not be had. But, we repeat, she has proved her regard to good | faith by imposing taxes to meet the interest on ' her debt and otherwise appropriating funds there to.” : A Flying machine has been invented by Jacob I F. Hester, of Philadelphia county. Pa. and the • model deposited in the patent office at Wasbiug ’ ton. His design is to enclose all the body except ■ the head and hands in one garment, made of ■ strong silk or linen, and strengthened by a cord passing round the body near the waist, and also upwards, diverging from a point near the spine. To the garment and cords a rope, chain or cord i is to be fastened, near the loins, and is to extend , from the back up to a balloon, in such a manner that, with the aid of wings, a man might rise in the air in an inclined position, and be able to ■ direct his course. It is not stated that Mr. Hes , tor has tested practically the utility of his inven t tion. The man who, sitting down to a welldurnish. , ed table, should grumble because every article does not please him, would be pronounced a hog ’ offhand., How mnch better is the grumbler at the contents of a public journal, who admits that ’ nine-tenths are just such as he desires, and then | clamors for the other tenth ? “ Savage Piracx. —The New Bedford Mass. Register, has received a file of the Shipping Ga -1 zette, published at Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, to April 20. The only news of interest is • a detail of the particulars of a treacherous attack f made by the natives of Ho-Ho, a bay or harbor ■ in Comarra, one of the Nicobar Islands, on the British whale ship Pilot. The natives took pos- F session of the ship on the 83d of December last . and murdered the captain, (Wheeler.) The first and second mates, six men and two boys escaped in a boat, and were picked up at sea. on the 31st December, by her Majesty’s brig Cruiser, which ▼eiael repaired to the Island and recaptured the ship, and burnt all their villages. WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 14. Dividends.—The Manchester Cotton and Woo! Manufacturing Company of Virginia, have declared a dividend of three per cent, for the last six months, payable on the 20th of August. Asunu.—The Baltimore Republican states that arrangements have been made to pay the interest on the debt of Arkansas, doe July Ist, which it is expected will be nearly, if not quite 1 sufficient. Part of the funds are already in Europe. Col. James Page, late Postmaster of Philadel phia, has lately received a beantilul silver urn from the clerks and carriers formerly connected with him in the post office. McLeod.— lt is stated that the N. York Supreme Court, which holds a term next week, at Utica have made a requisition on the Sheriff of N. York city, to bring up Alexander McLeod to hear its judgment upon the habeas corpus. Mississippi.—D. 0. Shattuck is the Whig candi date foi Governor. Secketaky of Legat.ok to Spain. —The New York Star says “ VVc learn that Professor In-ra ham has received and accepted the appointment of Secretary of Legation to Spain.” Correspondence of the Charleston Courier. „ . . Washington, July )0. The House has taken another important step towards the accomplishment of the objects of the TOte of 97 to 79 > « has been or dered that the loan bill be taken out of committee on Monday, at two o clock. The debate on the bill is, i„ , he mea n time prosecuted with unabated ardor. Tim members are confined to one hour, hut they gi» e an out line, m that time, of their views, and promise to write out in full for Buncombe. Few of the speeches relate exclusively to the ’subject as a fi nancial measure, but take in the „ d ole compass of party topics. Mr. Wise, in ts ,e debate, declar ed bis opposition to the whole »,heme of policy of the whig party-distribution, tariff, and forded debt. The idea of a funded drebt or loan is made a great bugbear by all the opposition. Mr. Cush ing saw it was an armament addressed to preju dice, not to reason. A nrjw for one year.hecon tended, was as much a ffjfy as a bond for eight years. As to the debt i tso If. the new administra tion did not create it, bat found it. There were eight and a half millions of Treasury notes out standing, and there w*ouftd b e a deficiency at the end of the year of three and a half millions more, making the twelve millions. The Senate is still engaged on the bank bill, and the procee mgs are full of interest. The opposition hav f . the discussions pretty much to themselves, ajd they make the most of the op portunity to bring their views before the country. Mr. Allen of/ered an amendment providing that the orders, of the mother bank for expansions, contractions, dec.,he published in the newspapers at the srnt of government as soon as they are ia sued. Messrs. Allen. Calhoun, Wright, Benton, Wals.er, and Nicholson supported (his amend men ‘* in spirited speeches. They contended that as this bank was to regulate the currer% an( j control the value of every man’s property and I abor the orders which were to produce such effects ought not to be kept secret, or confined to specu lators. The amendment was lost—23 to 26. Mr. Witisa moved to amend so as to exclude members of Congress and bank officers from dis counts. After some discussion, the members were excluded entirely, and the bank oAfters lim ited to 10,000. The opposition will proceed with their amend ments and speeches, for some days. The ques tion will be taken in about a week. Several of the opposition Senators avowed the purpose of repealing the charter as soon as possible, in case it passed. Mr. Nicholson said he did not doubt that the bill would become a law, but the indignation of the people would light upon its authors and blot out the evil. It is generally supposed here that the bill, in its present form, will pass by a majority of one, and that the Pres ident will sign it. There way be some doubts of this. The chairman of the judiciary committee sta led, yesterday, that the committee had not agreed upon a bill to establish a uniform system of bank ruptcy, but he should offer a bill with a report, in a few days, to that committee. I do not think there will be any on this subject at this session. Br New-Yobk, July 9. From New Granada.— The Editors of the Joural of Commerce have been favored with the following extract of a letter, dated “ Santa Martha, Junes, 1841. “ The last news from Bogota is, that the Gov eminent have concentrated all their troops with in the capital, and thaKObando and were within three days march, with 3000 It ia not thought that Obando will offer hatWPTntil he’ tba advantage. He Übcalod 400 it is said, belonging to Mosquera, who no doubt' are made soldiers of. “ Cboco has declared for Federation, so that at this period I think the war is just beginning. I have no hopes of a termination of this contest be fore six or eight months. “ Matters grow worse and worse every da.y , business at a stand—no money, no collections, no confidence.” A Just Vote. —The Legislature of New Hampshire has passed the following resolution* 100 to 51. Resolved, That the refusal of one State to sur-. render a person charged with the commission of a crime within another State, and who shall flee from justice is in open disregard of the plain let ter of the Constitution, subversive of the peace and harmony ot the Union, destructive of the ends for which the Federal Constitution was establish ed. I rencii Mode of Making Sugar from Beets. —M. Dumas made, the 3 1st of last Dec. to the Academy of Sciences, a communication full of interest on the subject of the fabrication of sugar from Beets. He showed many pro ducts of the fabric established near Carlsruhe, by M. le. Bon, of Haber, and especially the beets cut in strips and dried by fire, in such a manner as to preserve unaccountably the sugar, obtained of the first thorn, by the infusion of cold on the dried beet, the brown sugar proceeding from the exhaustation of this same matter, and finally the molasses, which is of a quality very much supe rior to that of ordinary molasses. He observed that the beet by this process of •drying, is reduced to one-fifth of its weight, or to 20 per cent., and in this state it contains one half of its weight in sugar, that is to say 10 per cent, of the primitive weight. Cold water is sufficient to engross 8 of these 10 parts ; and in passing many times, successively the same wa ter over new dried beets, one can obtain a syrup so strong that it can be crystalized. The sugar of this first crystalization is like very fine cansonade. The sugar obtained by heat of the remainder is more brown. In all cases, one is sure [of extracting thus from the* beet all the sugar contained in it, and one can think thereupon of the establishment of fabrics which will proceed constantly, and will draw even from necessity their first matter from different points, when the produce ot the place shall have been ex haused. The beet dried and reduced thus to one fifth of the weight, will become a first matter easily trans ported, weighing only twice as much as the sugar contained. 1 he society for encouragement have proposed a price for this same subject, and they announce that the question has been completely resolved by one of the concurrents. M. Dumas has announced besides that an ow ner of Carpenteas has learned to dry with little difficulty, by the heat ot the sun alone, beets cut in thin slices. By this process, of so little ex pense, the beet will be without color, and one can hope that the sugar will be extracted still ess col ored than that which is dried by the fire. They add that in this place, during the months of au tumn, a man and a woman laboring constantly, can cut and dry from 70 to 80,000 in a week. In truth, the beet, iu the northern provinces, at tains its maturity only at a time when tiie sun has not force enough to dry it; but we presume that, if industry continues to develope itself in bad sugar it will end in cultivating the plant on ly in the middle provinces, from whence the dried product will be carried into the north. A gentleman who has recently travelled through the parish of Washington in this State and Pike county in Mississippi, states that the long spell of dry weather has almost entirely destroyed the coin crops, and very materially injured the cotton cropa. There is already much distress felt by the poor classes in the above parish and county, as all those who have a supply of corn are preserving it for the ensuing season in anticipation of a great scarcity.— New Orleans Picayune. Philadelphia, July Btb. A very horrible affair was discovered this morn ing. A person fishing in the Schuylkill at Arch street wharf caught his hook in the dress of a female, and with assistance succeeded in drawing it to the shore, when it was ascertained that she was securely 'ied by the wrist to the arm of a man by a site handkerchief! They are both young, the girl apparently not over 19, and the man 26. The dreadful act it is supposed was committed last evening, and was probably pro duced by a ciossoflove. They are as yet un known but their dress and appearance indicate that they have moved in respertable society. What renders it more conclusive that it is a case of self destruction is that each of them bad in ihdt packets a pistol loaded and capped. * 1 • Census United States.—By a con densed copied from that official returns, the dw D oiled States is 4.- I 181,555; be, 386,069; slaves, 2,483,- 356; total, t 051,150. Lafayette parish, La not legally H rmed ; Carter county, Ky. not >e ß>Uy 'fur* , md the seamen in the United States service,, te /l the aggregate to 17,068,112. H- ship estaJ arrived at Halifax on the 19th ultimo, fc* a and Bermuda, with 700.000 in spa e f or -jfo commissariat depart- * ment of the C, r ire. An* ensive fire broke out in Boston on Tuesday j ng> gib inst about nine o clock, wbiclil tad until about twelve o'clock before it was f jnpiiJied.—Before the flames were destroyed nine hooees, cau • I ing a very heaydoss in property and goods. The alaims of fire been eo frequently during the day, that it 4vitb difficulty the engines could be brought to gp,,*. The value o' fire hotter and cheese made in New York lasi jetr U * 10.497,032. Os maple sugar there wire made 10,093,991 lbs. The jury in the Gaines case at New Orleans have returned a verdict in favor of the defen dants. WestwaedHo !—The St. Louis Bulletin of June 28 says.that three boats bad just arrived there, bringing and sixty four . passengers, among them, on one boat, were ode hundred and beeniy-nine children under four years oj age. These are squally times, indeed. Hail Storm,—a heavy hail storm occurred in Lexington, Ky., a nd vici aity, a few days since, which occasioned much damage to the crops. The hemp crop ig that regie u is entirely cut off. The KingofChocin China, has recently put to death ten Catholic missionari. ;s in his dominions. LiVKapooc," 'l&glaxd.—The census of Liv erpool bss just keen taken. The population of one of the sixtem wards, Vuxhall, amounted to 25,437—0 f this population only G(TO were par liamentary voters. The whole population of the borough would probably be between 350,400 and 400.000 souls. A silk weaving manufactory has been estab lished at Nashville, Ten'll., by Dr. White and Dr. Fox. The Legislature of New Hampshire, by a vole of 138, to 99, passed a bill, which makes the pri vate property of tie stockholders of all banks hereafter to be chartered, liable to a certain extent, for the debts of the institution. A New Intention—The New York Tribune states that J, A. Elder, a native of Germany, and now a citizen of (MUniled States, has made an iConfidently expected to super sede steam itlnavig*ing the ocean. The advan tages consist in a new plan of sails, which will secure the whole power of the wind, and can lie far easier managed t)an the present sails, and in applying the force oj the waves as a propelling power. —j New-Yokk, July 10. Monet Market the week, ending Jult 10,—Business generally has been some what more active dunrig the present ween. The demand for money hat been folly supplied, and no difficulty exist id negociating loans upon favorable terms. Exchanges both foreign and domestic, continue dul; transactions are limited and but little demand txists. The transactions in stocks have been large, and a better feeling is tvident in most descrip tions. Dividend payi|g stocks are taken freely at fair prices, while those denominated “fancies” bear generally quite ls low prices as at any for mer period. The disposition however, is favor able to a general improvement, and unless unfa vorable influence is exerted by the prospects at W ashmgton, we shall be disappointed it the general list of prices does not continue to im prove. We are in possession since our last notice of later intelligence from Europe, which may be considered quite favomble. The prospects for the harvest were very feature in*(he pre sent position ot England of no little importance to them, and as affectit% the prospects of trade of much interest to this country. United States Bank shares have a( £i. equivalent at the present rale of excuanpejo 19 ’ here. 3 Interesting to th?Ghristian’Puhlxc.'—\ j Under this caption the Jational Intelligencer has the following gratifying information :— •* It will interest the Christain rubric to know that infor mation has lately beeij received by the Govern ment that Dr. Bensen, (he Prussian Minister to the Swiss Confederation transmitted, some time since, a memoir to bis Sovereign upon the condi tion of the Christian imputations in Syria, urging the necessity of embriting the favorable occasion (presented by the coteerl of the European Pow ers, including Franca in the settlement of the Turco-Egyptian question) of granting them ef fectual and permaneit protection on the pait of the great Christian prwers against Mohammedan oppression ; and thrt the King was so forcibly struck with the views. presented in this paper, that he caused a cirmlar note to be transmitted to the other four PcWers, inviting them to con cert with Prussia tin means of accomplishing this benevolent purpose. It is stated that Dr. Benson has been charged with a special mission to the Court of London 00 this subject; and we noticed, some tim<- ago, as probably growing out of this, a declaration by Lord Melbourne, in the House of Lords, that the Government of England had under its consideration the propriety of adopting measures for the protection of the Syrian Chris tians. It was further said, on this occasion, that the forms of worship in use among the Syrian ■Christians much resembled those of the Church of England.” Capt. Gohhax.—This individual publishes in the Portland Advertiser, an article denying in toto the truth if the charges that have been made in regard to bit character previous to his having command of the ship Charles, and appeals to the public to say, fit be not a refinement in cruelty now to make Rich sweeping accusations of pira cy ar.d murder against one who has been visited by misfortune.and whose hopes have been blasted by an Omnipotent band ? After publishing the letters of the agents of the Insurance Company and the underwriters of the brig Susan Elizabeth, justifying his course in re gard to the lossof that vessel, he states that he has thus adverted to all the libellous charges made against him, for the -purpose solely of inducing the public not so ptejudge his cause and thus complete the rain of a man, who he trusts to stmw, by a legal investigation, has been only unfortunate. Exemption from error he does not claim—that he may have d»ne wrong he will not now deny, for who liveth mdsinneth not ? But that he is not the vile wretch that he is charged in those of being, he hopes to prove to the world when he meets bis accusers in a court of justice. —New York Times. CAttos Chop.—The Red River Whig savs —We were Informed by some gentlemen from Bayou Bceuf ibis week, that the 8011-worm had madq’its appearance in their cotton fields, and bad already done considerable damage. Indeed they said that they dreaded it more than the cat erpillar. What perfect folly, by the way, it is to boast of fine prospects for a good cotton crop for of all the uncertain things in this world, the raising of cotton or calculations upon the amount of the crop, it the most so. At present every thing promises fair, and a stranger who would ! look at one of our large fields and see the fair and encouraging prospect, without being aware ' ot the thousand accidents to which it is subject, ' would think -here was no doubt of a superabund- ' ant crop. But some of those' many vicissitudes j to which it is ever subject many at any moment , occur and Wight utterly every hope of a good crop, cutting it down much below the average, if 1 not nearly destroying it. No prudent planter, j therefore, we would say in the language of a co temporary, “ will ever place much confidence in the estimate he may form of the numbr of bales * until the raw material is stored in his cotton ' house.— N. 0. Bulletin. ' f One of the newspapers says that Mr. Dean, the ‘ member of Cmgress who chose to make himself immortal by tttacking the military fame of Gen- ' eral Harrison in opposing the appropriation to ' his family, found himself scantof courage during 1 the late war,and that his legs were called upon ’ to make op for the lack evidently exhibited by 1 bis stomach—in other words, the gallant creature 1 run sway- Os course, we know nothing of Mr. Dean’s history, for we never heard of him before ' his exploit in Congress ; but there is vraisem- blancc in thestatement. We should be apt to think a that a man who could muster courage enough to c oppose such an appropriation, would bs very apt 1 toJconaider Harrison, Perry, Decatur, and General 1 Jackson, cowards-— N. Y, Courier d Enquirer , • ’ a Caution.—Counterfeit fives of the Trades- e man’s Bank in tbia city, have recently made their 0 appearance in great numbers, and it would be p well for thepublic to be on their guard respecting t dual. They are well executed, but the paper is b rather lighter than that at the genuine.—AT. Y. p Journal*/ Comment. I I ■ I | Twenty Seven th Congress. <■ Correspondence of the Baltimore Amrgan. 1 Washington. July 8.(841, * HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Fillmore moved that the Houst [resolve 1 itself into Committee of the Whole, butdjihdrew I it in order to allow Mr. E. D. White to report a bill fromie Com- I mittee on Commerce to extend the ling* of the port of New Orleans, so as to include city of , Fayette, on the Mississippi; which was gad three . times and passed. Mr. Pboffit asked leave to offer absolution directing the Committee on the Curreioy to re- ' port the bill from the Senate, repealing (be Sub- Treasury act. Objected to. The motion of Mr. Fillmore then cane up, and was rejected, yeas 76, nays 89. Mr. J. Clark offered a resolution that the House take a recess from 2 to 4 okock, until otherwise ordered. Objected to. . Several memorials were then offend praying for a National Bank and other madisconnected with the business of the present sAsion, which were referred. xcleod case. Mr. Hunt then went into the (discussion of the resolution of Mr. J. G. Floyd, (taking infor mation ot the President in relation ip th« McLeotfe case, and stated that if no debate hi J been enter ed into, he should have been cont nt to give a silent vote in favor of the resolutio 1 ; but as an attack had been made on the Seen lary of State, he could not let it pass without no ice ; and he entered into an able defence of the Secretary. As fov the contemptible individual, McLeod, said Mr. H. neither the action of Engfend, nor the efforts of individuals here could raiie him into an object of importance His case was now sub judict in the Supreme Court of Us State, after the bearing of the most able counsd, and he knew that they would do their duty to Nations and to the individual. Before Mr. H. had concluded the morning hour expired. Mr. Clark then moved the Previous Ques tion on his motion, but objections being made, the resolution could not be entertained. Mr. Fillmore then renewed bis motion, and the House went into Committee of the Whole, Mr. Briggs in the chair. the loan bill. Mr. Pickens said that this bill although osten sibly a bill to enable the government to borrow money, was, in fact, only a scheme to enable the government to tax the people. He then went into an examination of the taxing power, and showed that England operatinguponcomparative ly a small territory coaid raise $25,000,000 with less oppression upon the people, than we could raise $50,000,000 in this country, for we raised the revenue in one portion, and expended it in another, which had the effect of impoverishing one while it enriched the other portion. Mr. P. illustrated his position by a reference to France and Russia. He expressed astonishment that the chairman of the committee of ways and means should have endeavored to irritate the worst parlfsan feelings when he introduced the bill, and said that he would not follow that exam ple. He then endeavored to show that the esti mates of the debt, as made by the chairman of the committee, was altogether erroneous, and the utmost extent of that debt could not exceed $3,- 009,000, instead of the enormous and unreasona ble amount set down by the gentleman of $lB,- 000,000. Mr. P. was cut off in his remarks by the expiration of the hour. Mr. Sergeant said that it was true that the people had changed the Administration, but had not changed the interests of the country. If it was asked why they had changed the administra tion, be would answer that it was because they chose to change it.—He said that f practice had grown up in this country, of using itoney for one object which had been appropriau J for another, which enabled the government to r in the people in debt without their knowledge, n hich ought to he brought to a close ; and he cone ived that this was an argument in favor of the bill. Mr. S. went on to show that the late adminis tration had run the nation in debt {510,000,000 which it was the duty of this administration to pay. If the late administration had | aid the debts of this nation, the present one coul 1 not follow their good example, for there would be no debt to pay. He alluded to the argumen tof the gen tleman from South Carolina, on tl e subject of taxation, which he said was anargu itent against the Union. He had not concluded w ten bis hour glass ran out. Mr. Rhett carried out the argu merit of bis colleague, and re-asserted that taxes 1 evied in one place and expended in another, in -vitobly im poverished the people so taxed. He had listened to the gentleman from Pennsylvania Urith aston ishment, when he was arguing ngnin 1 -. ,t|lu r .nT." known fact, which be looked upon truism. He admitted that the interests of the 'forth were I the interest* of the South; and he be Ikied it was a natural pride inherent in our bosoms to wear the American fabric, but the North had not the right to enforce, by onerous and unconstitutional burthens, those fabrics upon the people of the South. Mr. Fessenden then rose in favor of the hill, and instituted a ciitica! comparison between the reports of the lato and present Secretory of the Treasury. He said that if we were determined to improve our national defences, and gj on gradually increasing our Navy, it would tie ne cessary to increase our issues of Treasury Notes, or to authorize this loan, and he was decidedly in favor of the latter. Mr. Saltonstall having obtained the floor, moved that the committee rise, which was agreed t o, and the House a Ijourned at 3 o’clock. * UNITED STATES SENATE. Jft Mr. Kcbr presented the resolutions of the General Assembly of Maryland on the subject| of the Distribution of the Public Lands. Mr. Wbioht and Mr. Tallmadge presented several petitions in favor of a Bankrupt Law. The hill to provide, for the distribution of the proceeds of the Public Lands, was lead a second lime, referred to the Committee an the Public Lands, and ordered to be nr.nted. Mr. Linn presented an amendment which he intended to offer when the bill should be taken up, which was ordered to be printed. The amendment consists of a substitute for the bill, and pioposes that all the proceeds of the public iands shall be appropriated to the purpose ot National Defence. Mr. King moved the reconsideration of the vote ordering the printing of the Commercial Statement, the document having already been printed. Mr. Huntington requested the delay might be extended to to-morrow, which was agreed to. reporters. Mr. Battrii reported from the Select Com mittee, that the Committee had agreed to recom mend that the reporters be removed from the floor, and that a portion of the gallery should be partitioned oil'for that purpose. The report was concurred in. REMOVALS FROM OFFICE. The Senate resumed the consideration of the resolution offered by Mr. Buchanan, calling for a list of all removals made from office since the 4th March last. The question fating on the mo tion of Mr. Mangutn to amend by adding a list of ail removals between March 1829 and March 1841. Mr. Linn than resumed his remarks. He suggested that since the celebrated resolutions of Mr. Clay, that Senator had not again brought for ward the subject. The power of the President to remove from office was never brought into con flict until after the election of Gen. Jackson, when the honorable Senator, who was not over thrown with Mr. Adams, again appeared at the head of the Whig party, of which he was the life and soul. From that time he had been the assailant of Gen. Jackson, and bad brought for ward his resolution impeaching the conduct of the President. The resolution had been eub sequently marked by the condemnation of the Senate, a measure in which he had cordially con curred. The expiration of the hour arrested Mr. Linn’s remarks, and the Senate took up the bill to incor porate THE UNITED STATES BANK. Mr. Walker moved to amend the 17th fun damental rule by requiring periodical reports of the note* discounted, with the names of parties, and all other matters connected with the financial affairs of the Bank. He stated that this propo sition was intended to embrace the substantial portions of an amendment offered some days ago by his colleague (Mr. Henderson) —and omitting what bad been regarded by Senators as objection able. The Government had to furnish a great portion of the capital, and it was proper that Congress should have before them the minute in formation from the best sources.. Expecting no such call as is required by this amendment, the * officers of the Bank would not be sufficiently careful against those practices, which had caused so much default and distress in the country. He asked for the ayes and noes which were ordered. * Mr. King suggested a change eo as to require * the publication of the information in some pub- 1 lie newspaper as the more convenient and effec- 1 live course.—He not believe that any sol vent man would object to a disclosure of his > name in connection with any transaction to which he was a party, ( Mr. Clat was very sorry to be obliged to I vote against this proposition. He wished to know when this bill would be disposed of, it s amendments were thus to be pressed over and * over again. He was a friend of publicity, and t believing that 100 much mystery had marked 1 the course of the lata .Bank of the United f States. The principle of publicity was progres-' I sing, but be suggested to gentlemen the propri- b ety of going on gradually, and not rushing at t once from one extreme tp the other. The re- 1 porta required by the amendment would fill twen- t ty volumes, and what a printing job would here f be got up- He thought the bill contained all 6 provision on the subject which was neeesearr • r Brhton said fee had marked X*pragress I a I a of publicity :n this Chamber, it jMv’WG'*'. practice to »it in legislative closed doors. .Now the people come into the galleries to witness the proceedings, and were only excluded wh^^^^^n cutive business was going en. Three he believed the practice of Bank in a parlor, transacting business, sidered as singular a spectacle as the obsolete practice of sitting here business with closed doors It is not th^^^^^H trader who is injured by this secrecy, hut whole country. There is no tyranny cious as that of the bank parlor. Mr. Benton said he wished to see every thing brought before the public, and he was astonished 5 that any objection should be made. Some objec- 1 lion was made to the expense of printing. 1 Mr. Walker had calculated it. It could not « exceed 100 dollars. > t Mr. Benton —The easiest way will be to lay I the book on the counter every morning, and he f moved to, amend the proposition by adding this d provision to the close of the amendment. c Mr. Walker, without accepting this as a t mollification, expressed his intention to vote in t favor of the motion. r Mi. Clay, of Ala., regarded this as the most i important part of the bill. He referred to the ( secrecy with which the loans were made to Webb r and Noah; and asked if any one believed that i Mr. Biddle would have made those loans had the I affairs of the Bank been at that lime open to the f public. He contended that the history of every bank in the country would show the necessity of < publicity if we expected to preserve the integrity t of these institutions- He went over the facts t connected with the appointment of the Bank i Committee, and the coarse taken by the Bank r in reference to that Committee. He then adver- 1 ted to the recent transactions in the U. S. Bank * over which such a veil of mystery had been flung, ' that even the stockholders could not find out 1 what had been done with the eight hundred I thousand dollars for which no vouchers could bo 1 found. Mr. Calhoun would vote for this amendment, I and every other, the object of which was light. < He desired to see all the operations of the Direc- i tors ex posed to the public eye. It was known < that they might issue orders to expand in one < section and to contrac; in another. He wished 1 these orders to be made public. Information full; and speedy ought to be communicated to the I people. 4 i Mr. Allen considered this a measure which I would place the farms and property of all the 1 agricultural interests, not at the disposal of the 1 Government, but of a Corporation. Simplicity and publicity were requisite in all matters which regulate the currency and the price of labor. Your Courts are compelled to sit with open doors, and domestic circumstances are debated in open Court, and before the world. In bis State, mo ney loaned out by individuals had been subjected to taxation. Vote down these amendments, said Mr. Alien, and we will make the earth quake under you from an indignant people. Popular sovereignty and publicity were at the bottom of the Demo cratic party. He concluded with slating that be would embody in a distinct proposition the sub stance of what had fallen from Mr. Calhoun. Mr. Benton read a statement of the loans made to T. Biddle & Co., and the amount of notes rejected. The remedy against a repetition of this is publicity. The offering book must be kept open. Mr. Cctiibert rc-stated the proposition, gnd adverted to the ground of objection that public opinion had not reached this point. Why then were we urged forward with impetuosity to pass a measure of such importance to last for twenty years 7 Why not insert a provision to allow trom time to time such amendments as public opinion may require. It was urged that the feelings of individuals are not to be wou tded by the exposure of their private affairs. \ r as this to be a reason lor preventing those n easurcs which would ensure a sound currency ! Mr. Benton referred to the journal 0 show the proceedings concerning the opening bors of the Senate in 1791, 2, 3. It was three y ars be fore this question was carried. Mr. Woodbury called the attention of the Senate to the true state of the question. ]le took occasion to repeat what had been don > when , Congress sent a Committee to Philadelphia to examine into the condition of the Bank, 1 nd the manner in which they were treated. The question was then taken on the motion to amend, and decided in the negative—ayes 22, noes 25. Mr. Walker then moved to amend ly pro viding that the books shall be open to anj num ber of stockholders above ten. Mr. side ot the Senate would agree to tnta Mr. Clay —No, sir, I cannot. Mr. Buchanan. —He had no doubt tljkj jj would be opposed by thqSenator from But nothing could be more Reasonable th^ n amendment. Ten could never unite lt, r a purpose of mere curiosity. Under the#p rcsent charter, there is no publicity. He was y,pp ose j to all secret societies. ' The question was then taken on the { amend ment. anti it was decided in the atfirmatiye 34, noes 33. • Mr. Benton offered an amendment requiring that books shall be kept in which a list of all bills of exchange offeted to the Bank shall be entered. / The question was taken and decided ini the negative—ayes 22, nays 25. Mr. Walkek moved to amend by adding to the 17th rule requiring that the vote on any dis count shall be taken by ayes and noes, and en- I jered on the records. Mr. Clax considered the amendment to be I unnecessary, as the bill already provided that the books shall he open to examination. Mr. \V alker said his object was to fix the responsibility of improper discounts upon indi vidual directors. Mr, Clay had no objection, if the proposition could be so modifiedtes to make it dependent on the call ol two or three directors whether the ayes and noes shall be called. Mr. Walker wo| willing to modify so as to make tire amendment apply only to notes of 1000 dollars and upwards. Mr. Berrien moved to amend the amendment by adding the words, “ where the same is grant ed,”—ayes 24, noes 17. * Mr. Bayard moved to amend the amendment by adding, “if demanded by any director present.” if there was no opposition to a discount, theta king of the ayes and noes was merely a waste of lime. In cases of opposition, any member could call for them under this amendment. Mr. Bataiid modified his amendment, so as to read—“if any member shall dissent.” Mr. Walker accepted the modification. The amendment was then agreed to. Mr. Benton moved an amendment, prohibi ting any secrecy towards Government Directors Mr. Berrien suggested that this was already provided for. Some conversation took place between Mr. Berrien and Mr. Benton in reference to the necessity for the motion. The question was then taken on the amend ment, which was agreed to—ayes 25, noes 22. Mr. Woodbury moved an amendment pro hibiting any officers from making donations, or stockholders, except after due notice, introducing such provision—which be laid over for future ac tion. Mr. Benton moved to strike out the word “ bullion” as one ol the modes in which it shall I pay out its substance. Mr. Clay said as the bank was privileged to ] deal in bullion it oughtcerlainly to have the priv ilege olr parting with it. Mr. Huntington explained the meaning of I the clause in the bill, which seemed not to be un- I derslood by Mr. Benton, 1 Mr. Wright insisted that the word was not necessary in the 22d rule. The word was net I required, as he supposed it was not intended that the Bank should pay out bullion ordinarily. He 1 was therefore in favor of the motion. The amendment was agreed to—ayes 26, noes 1 21. ] Mr. Clay of Alabama, moved to amend the I provision prohibiting the renewal of notes, See. by adding “ and that every such contract for re- i newal shall be null and void.” | The yeas and nays were ordered on the ques- I tion, which was decided in the negative—ayes 19 I —noes 24. On Motion of Mr. Huntington, ( Ihe Senate went into the consideration of Ex- ! ecutive business, and when the doors were re opened the Senate adjourned. j Washington, July 9, 1841 1 UNITED STATES SENATE. 1 Mr, King moved the reconsideration of the \ vote by which an extra number of the Commer cial Statement of the Secretary of the Treasury, ‘ an order for printing 2000 copies of which in addition to the usual number was passed at the 1 last session. It was the usual practice for prin- f ters who were in office at the time of making the 1 order to go on with the printing of those works, even although they may have gone out of office 1 before the completion of the work. Blair and r Rives bad made preparations for carrying on this work. 1 A letter from Blair and Rives sustaining their claim was read at the instance of Mr. Hunting- ' ton. Mr. Huntington wished the matter to take 0 such a course as was most proper. The motion 11 of reconsideration was not made t o' prevent the printing of the report. But the object was to a take the printing from Blair and Rives, and to * give it to Gales and Seaton- He doubled the ' legality of the order to print which had been is sued by the Secretary of the Senate. He did«ot think that a fair interpretation of the rule of the Senate under which tbp order was issued au thorized the order which was given. Nor could he reconcile the order with the practice of the it Senate. The vote would determine whether the ol motion he had made to print sbopld stand or *< should be feconsitlered. tt mmnr y - J& . -,' ' Bkbrief reply on the justice of je j' t similar view. '- B|kid ihero was another volu '; .:,' ’ ■ the progress of printing. '- Bairns, ordered by a resnlu '■r\'f„ •• '' : and which it was im- the recess. tH»«n reconsidered, and the merit was withdrawn. the consideration of the the subscribers to the Fiscal Sraßßhe United States. Mr. Allen moved to amend the bill after the 25th rule, by inserting a 26th rule providing for the publication of all orders issued by the mother Bank to the Branches, concerning the expansion or contraction of their currency. He adverted to the power which the secret exercise of such a power conferred on the Bank. An act of Con gress imposing a tax of five dollars on every in dividual could not produce a worse effect on the country, than an order of the Bank to contract the currency. It was one of the charges against the late Administration, that the President had made money scarce, anfl this had a greater effect in producing his fall than any thing else. His (Mr. A’s) answer to the charge was one to which no mortal man could respond. It was this, that if the President had the power to render money plentiful or scarce, he would have made it plenti ful in order to secure his re-election. Mr. Wright insisted that it was important, so far as legislation could efiect it, to make the ac tion of the Bank uniform, and the most effective way of enforcing uniformity and stability in this institution was to incorporate in the bill this very measure offered by the Senator from Ohio. The last bank had furnished a volume of important experience. It would be found that the last day when the Government Directors were permitted to look into the Bank, the important order for ex pansion after the panic session was issued. He hoped the amendment would be agreed to. Mr. Walker said that the prices of property throughout the Union would be regulated by the orders of this Central Board of Directors at Wash ington, were be allowed to operate in se cret. Ought noWie country to be in possession of the facts that they may be able to place their affairs in a condition to meet the change ! From 1817 to 1818 there was an expansion and con tractßn equal to 50 millions. In 1838 it was 33 mMions; in 18S9 it was 39 miUionu. From 18K< to 1818 property rose 100 per cent.; and the next two years it fell more than 100 per cent.; the only round heard was the hammer of the marshal and sheriff; and the only houses then occupied were the goals of the country from one end to the other. From 1833 to 1834 the contraction was eight millions, the object of which was to force a char ter from Congress. Failing to do this they ex panded in the next year eleven millions. We desire to provide that these changes shall no lon ger be secretly made, but that the public may know when they are determined on. The im ports and exports depend on these expansions and contractions, and consequently the revenue is affected by these causes. Mr. Linn made some observations against the practice of secrecy, and said he would always vote against incorporations, and against all partner ships with Companies. Mr. Calhoun hoped the amendment would be agreed to by a unanimous vote of the Senate. He could see no objection to it. He referred to the report of the Chamber of Commerce at Man chester, and its able expositions of the results of the expansions and actual loans of the Bank of England and the effects which they produced in the whole country. He shewed in what manner a simihar course might be made to operate on the productions and trade of our country. Mr. Nicholson said he bad not given a single vote, and he never should give one, in the expect ation that the Bank would be defeated at this session. With a knowa majority in its favor of seven in this body, and 40 in the other house, he had no doubt of the passage of the bill. Nor did he vote in reference to the repeal of the charter, although he doubted not that a proposition to repeal would be made assure as it should be pass ed. Mr. Benton would give his vole in favor of every amendment which went to shed light into the Bank parlor, and to expose the proceedings on the motion to open the doors of the Benale to the public, and stated (hat the Convention which framed the Constitution set with closed doors and not a paper was allowed to be copied. The secrecy was not removed till 1818 or 1819. They who began the work of publicity on his side deserved public approbation. Tbqy were operating in a a great work. All who are for Bank secrets will be ground to powder. Mr. Walker explained and enlarged upon his former statement of the expansions and contrac tions of the late bank ofihe United States. It extended its discounts, when it applied for rechar ter, in one year from ‘l4 millions to 66 millions of do.lars, for the purpose of Bringing the whole country in debt to it. Thus these weights and measures were constantly changing—this measure of value was continually fluctuating. The total value of property in this country is 20,000 mil lions of dollars, and if only ten per cent is reduced in . this va’Ue it be a reduction, of 200frj millions, £ucb p6wera«, these the man of the Bosohorus’or Neva—he who uses the bow string would not dare to use. The question was then taken on Mr. Allen’s amendment, and decided in the negative ayes 23 noes 20. Mr. Walker then moved several amendments in the 20th page of the bill, the object of which is to prevent the directors of any branch from loaning money to themselves. He read the bill as author ising and encouraging these branch directors to loan as much money as they please. They can get as many business notes as they can, and gel them discounted at the branch bank. Mr. W ooiißCHi called attention toohe loss by the branch bank of the second Bank of the U. 8. by Directors who had received loans of consider ably upwards of a millions ol dollars—far more than the amount of the capital of the branch. Mr. Clay said that as these directors are to have no salaries, it would be impossible to obtain any business men to fill such offices if they were to be cut oil’from any chance of discount. As to members of Congress, he did not know why they were to be branded with the mark of Cain, and not permitted even to have a discount in their own neighborhood. There were some bad men in Congress, but surely there were many high minded, virtuous members, and he would never consent to put a mark on them to disgrace them. Mr. Woodbury said a few words on the sub ject of the Directors at the Baltimore branch. Mr. Walker vindicated himself from the im putation of having attempted to degrade members ol Congress. The borrower is the rervunt of the lender—so we are told by the wisest man in Di vine authority,—and he believed the tendency of his amendment would be to elevate the members of both Houses. It would elevate them fifty feet. Mr. King said this proposition would elevate the character of Congress, and if his friend from Mississippi had not brought it forward, he would himself have moved it. Os the members who had received loans—as the list was not made public —he would say that he knew some of them had no means to meet their obligations. He should not regard the amendment as fixing any stigma on him ; and he was sure that some guard was necessary against the various avenues by which corruption might approach the members of the two Houses. He would vote to deprivate him self of the means of obtaining money from the bank. Mr. Henderson and Mr. Merrick were wil ling to vote for a reasonable limitation. Mr. Walker.—Name a sum. Mr. Bayard would name 10 or 15,000 dol lars. He was of opinion that the provision in the bill already was a sufficient guard in reference to members of Congress. Mr. Walker claimed the merit of having vo ted throughout with a view to the public good. He bad been compelled in this way to support amendments offered by the Senator from Ken tucky, and to separate from his friends on some of their motions. To gain what he now could he would so modify his proposition that the lia bility of any director shall not exceed SIO,OOO. Mr. Clay regarded this as a question of ad ministration. The parent bank should fix the limitation as the branch directors. If a limit be fixed, every director will feel himself bound to borrow up to it. He presumed if the limit were fixed, that if a Director wished to sell a bill of ex change of an amount above the limit he would be unable to sell it. Mr. Walker made some observation to shew in what manner a Director might obtain money by an arrangement with the Director of another Bank. A limit therefore was necessary. A commission merchant in Natchez was one ofthe Bank Directors, and made great sums by dis counts. Mr. Berrien thought that a uniform limit would operate very unequally and unjustly, as in some places it would be equivalent to the denial of any limitation at all. Mr. Simmons asked if this limit was intended to include all paper on which the name of a Di rector might appear. Mr. Walker replied in the affirmative loans to members of Congress, __ Mr. Allen made some observation 1 a similar vein. The question was then taken on the first branch ol the amendment ot Mr. Winter, and decided in the affirmative—ayes 25, noes 21. The question being then on the residue of the amendment,—prohibiting loans to members of Congress,—was decided in the negative, nyes, 22—Noes 23. The Senate then adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESEN PA* »es. T6 K MCLEpI) CASE. t) I Mr. Hunt resumed his remarks • * j ! in the course of which he alluded tor” 4< n t i as the gentleman from Penpsylvapi. a-*..- I i toll] on the Secretary of State, an . —— >, that Mr. lyehater had not yielded ... ‘ * - ■ a ground assumed by Mr. Forsyth. While speak ing, the restrictive reso.ulion was brought to hear, and in vain he begged three minutes grace, that he might »be graceful!v. Mr. A. V. Brown followed, and argued in fa vor of the resolution. He said that if he had the power to prevent it the secretary of Stale should not write another line as a diplomatist, because he had held a correspondence in which be had not had the heart to repel a threat that was hang ing over us front a"foreign nation. He should vote for the resolution, because be wanted to know why a very great military personage had been sent on to the State of New York, in connexion with a legal pnblic officer—he would notinsinu ate that the sword was sent to perfect what the purse could not accomplish. In alluding to the assumption ofthe act of McLeod by the British government, Mr. Brown was peculiarly eloquent. He said that the or ders given to a Canadian Colonel were to defend British subjects, and he hod shed American blood better than ever flowed in British veins, and this had been done too, on American soil. The mor ning hour having expired, Mr. I iLLMORt: offered a resolution that the Loan Bill be taken out of Committee of the Whole on Monday at two o’clock, if it should not be sooner reported. 79Tb 18 resolution was adopted, yeas, 97, nays Mr. Fillmore now moved that the House re solve itself into Committee of the Whole. Mr. Unuerwood asked the gentleman to with draw his motion to permit the House to pass the engrossed bill making provision for the Lunatic paupers of the District. Mr. I illmore refused, and his motion was sus tained. THE LOAN bill. * Mr. Saltonstall, in favor of the bill, admit ted that ,0 a casual observer, there would appear to be an inconsistency in our having passed the Land Bill, and in now being engaged in the passage of a Loan Bill. But if the subject were closely examined, that inconsistency would be reconciled or entirely disappear. He said that it appeared to him that a great deal more than these $12,000,000 would be necessary, but as it had been contended by gentlemen that so much would not he required, he would not argue on the amount, but for tite absolute necessity there was for some funds. Mr. S, contpndedas the loan was proposed to he left to the discretion of the President, hte thought that the amount necessary, and the time when a loan should become necessary, should also be left to his discretion. Mr. 8. said tbat a national debt was not an unmitigated national evil, and he regi cited that he had not time to ex press his views on this subject in full; but he would say that if it had been continued to this day, it would have saved this country from a vast amount of evil. _ Mr, \\ ise said he did not intend to speak out his hour—he had only risen to bring to the no tice of members, that this day was the first that a proposition had been made on this floor to fund a debt of $12,000,000 sot eight years, which was only part and parcel of the policy which was in tended to be carried out by the majority ; and another part was to empty with one hand, and supply with the other. He. would not speak to members, but lie was emphatically speaking to Buncombe. There was one thing he would say, however, that it the last Adminisliation had run in debt, they had not started the monstrous pro position to fund the Public Debt, and could not be charged with it. Mr. Watterson rose in opposition to the bill, and slated that he intended not to make a set speech but to give the majority some random shots, and lay down the plan of his speech and then fill it up when he wrote it out. He said he could not understand why the Committee of Ways and Means should give the Secretary of . the Treasury $12,000,000, when he had onlv asked for $6,000,000. Mr, W ood also opposed the bill, because a loan would oe more expensive than an issue ot Treas ury Notes. The amount of $12,000,1100 issues of the latter would cost but $5,000, while the bill allowed the Secretary $12,000 to be expen , ded in making this loan. | Mr. Cushing said that he was gratified to ob serve the temper with which the discussion of | this question was conducted. The fact was, this k was a simple business proposition, and admitted I °f hut a plain and simple business discussion ; and showed that the last administration had run , the country in debt, and it was now the painful I duly of the present one to pay it. He then con ( tended that i redeemable in 1 year, I were as much a debt, as a loan or a funded debt of eight years. , Mr. Eastman rose in opposition to the bill, and said that if there was a debt incurred during the last administration it was brought upon them by Whig measures and Whig banks. Mr. Barnah d rose and defended the necessity of this loan. He said that there were expenses to | be met, besides the ordinary expenses of the country ; and ridiculed the idea of fear, to lie en tertained on this floor, of a funded debt, and bor rowing money. For his part he would borrow as much money as foreign capitalists would lend tjSj Oiywliich qy v could make H “"’cufc.- T'iaff'oni 1 • the present time, ana we haJHirospered in the practice. , Mr - Stanly obtained the floor, and the House adjourned. Vote on the passage ol the Laud Dill. s Yeas—Messrs. Adams, Allen, L. W. Andrews , 8. J. Andrews, Arnold, Aycrigg. Babcock, Baker, ’ Barnard, Birdseye, Black, Blatr, Boardman, Bor , den. Bolts, Briggs, Brockway, Bronson, Jere miah Brown, Burnell, Calhoun, Thos. J. Camp bell. Caruthers, Crittenden, John C. Clarke, ■Staley N. Clatke, Cooper, Cowen. Cranston, Cravens, Cushing, Deberry, John Edwards. Ev erett, Fessenden, Fillmore, A. L. Foster, Gates, Gentry, Gidding. Goggin, P. G. Goode, Green, 1 Gfeig. Hall, Halstead, W. 8. Hastings, Henry, Hudson. Hunt, James Irvin, Wm. W. Irwin, , James, Wm. Cost Johnson, Isaac D Jones, John 1 P. Kennedy, Lane, Lawrence, Linn, Thomas F. , Marshall, Bamson Mason, Mathiot, Matlocks, i Maxwell, Maynard. Moore, Morgan. Morris, Morrow, Osborne, Owsley, Pearce, Pendleton, , Fope, Powell, Proffit, Benj. Randall, Randolph, ■ Rayner, Ridgway, Rodney, Russell, Saltonslall, 1 Sergeant, Bimontou, Slade. Smith, Sellers, Sprigg, Stanley, Stnkeley. Stratton, Stuart, Summers, Taliaferro, J. B. Thompson. Rich. W. Thomp son, Pillinehast, 'Poland, Tomlinson, Triplett, Trumbull, Underwood, V an Rensselaer, Wallace, Washington, Edward D. White, Jos. L. White, Thomas V\ . Williams, Lewis VV illiams, Joseph L. Williams. Winthrop, Yorke, A. Young, John Young—ll 6. Nays—Messrs. Alford, Arrington, Atherton, Banks, Beeson, BtdlacK, Bowne. Boyd, Brewster, A. V Brown, M. Browne. Burke, Sampson H. Hurler, William Butler, Wm. O. Butler, G. W. Caldwell, /'. C. Caldwell. John Campbell Wm. B. Campbell, (’ary. Chapman, Clifford, Clinton, Coles, Daniel, Richard! D. Davis, John B. Daw son, Dean, Dimock, Doan, Doig. Eastman, .1. C. Edwards, Egbert, Ferris, J, G. Floyd, Fornance, T. F. Foster, Gamble, Gilmer, Wm. O. Goode, Gordon, Graham, Gustine. Habersham, Harris, John Hastings, Hays, Holmes , Hopkins. Houck, Houston, Hubbard, Hunter, Jack, Cave Johnson, John W. Jones. Keim, Andrew Kennedy, King, Lewis Littlefield. Lowell, A. McClelland, Robt. McClelland. McKay, McKeon, Mallory, Mar chand. Allied Marshall. J. T. Mason, Mathews. Medill, Mvrriwether, Miller, Newhard. Nisbet, Oliver, Parmenter. Partridge, Payne, Pickens, Plumer, Heeding, Rencher. Khetr, Riggs, Rogers, Roosevelt Sanford, Saunders. Shaw, Sheppeni, Shields, Snyder, Steenrod, Sumter, Sweney, Turney, Van Buren, Ward. Warren, Watterson, Weller, Westbrook, J. W. Williams, Wise. Wood—loß. [Mr. Davis, of Kentucky, and Mr. Dawson, of Georgia, who had both voted on the question of laying the bill on the table, (which was a test vote,) did not vote on the final question, having been excluded from doing so, in strictness of rule, by a momentary absence from the House.] [Mr. Childs, of New York, we regret to learn, is confined to his room by indisposition, and could not therefore vole on the passage of the bill.] Effect op Cuhban’s Oratory. —But the criterion ol a speech is the effect produced on the audience to which it is addressed; and, as suming this rule to be correct, never was there a more successful orator; he carried away juries, judges, the bar, the audience, convulsing them with laughter or drowning them in tears, as seem ed meet to the great artist.—The most extraordi nary speech which he or perhaps any other ad vocate ever made was in a case of a disputed will, Newburgh vs Burrows. The trial occu pied eight or nine days. The speech of Curran whose duly it was to impugn the will, consumed six hours—unfortunately there is no report of it, but the writer has heard from two eminent men, who were counsel in the cause, that the display of talent of every kind was astonishing—his pa thetic description of a dying man, anxious to make an equitable will, was strongly contrasted with his mimicry of a Galway priest, who atten ded the testator during his last illness, and part of whose evidence ran thus :—“ Dennis, says I, now that you are going to die, it is time to lead a new life. Oh, it would be a mighty pretty thigg to save your soulfiom the great enemy.” This delivered in a strung Connaught brogue with a St. Outer's lackering, had a most ludicrous efiect; and Curran took care when he repeatedi] that it should lose nothing in the translation. The effect produced by this piece of comic acting on the judge who presided (Lord Clonmel) was very amusing: he did not think it defqraus sq laugh much, but having himsflt a great relish lot humor and no inconsiderable talent for mimicry, he was plttced in a painful position between the rcptraipl be imposed on himself and hie propensi ty to laugh; at length ite fairly broke out iftto a convulsion of laughter, and yenr nearly fell offtho * nch .—lAghls, Snadowi and Rejections,