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OLD SERIES, VOL. LVII. THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL Isl PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WESKLY, AND WEEKLY, BY J. w. & W. s. JONES. The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel IS PUBLISHED AT Three Dollar® per annum—or one subscriber two years, or two subscribers one year for 85. 'Tri-Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum. Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum. Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the paper be attended to, unless accompanied with the money; and in every instance when the lime for which any subscription may be paid, expires before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciatc-d money received at its value in this city. Chronicle tuD Sentinel. \£ <;l L STV ‘ FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 17. Bankrupt Law- Ju-Jge Berrien’s Report. In complying with our promise, made a few days since, to lay the whole, or a part of this able iie,. >rt of oar fore our readers, we have availed ourself of the labors of the Editors of the National Intelligen cer, and adopted the very excellent analysis made by diem, will be found in this morning’s paper. The importance of the subject, as well as the ability and interest of the report, should com mand the calm and respectful consideration of every class of readers; and we therefore com mend it to their perusal. Our Locgl'oco Senator, True to the prominent characteristics of his party love of the spoils, passed through this city, we learn, a few days since, on his way to Washington, to get his mileage. Huzza fur the "bile Mr. Cuthbert!" But we rather guess be will reflect about as much honor upon the State when absent, as his successor, the Hon. (?) Walteh T. Coi.qi itt, the author of the "unvarnished tale," will, when in his place in the Senate. The Washington correspondent of the Charleston Courier says: The House evinces a determination to curtail all unnecessary expen ditures. They have now commenced a war up on the Custom House officers. At one fell swoop, to-day, they abolished one hundred and sixty offices connected with the New York Cus tom House, reducing the whole number of offi cers to three hundred and forty. This bill was introduced by Mr. Garret Davis, and it was passed, without opposition to-day. The same fate awaits other Custom Houses. Being in a humor forretrenchment, the House also took up and passed a bill, one section of which abolishes the office held by Robert Tyler, Esq., as Secretary to the President, to sign Land Patents, and transfers the duty to the Commis sioner of the General Land office. John Jacob Astor has taken the balance of die Massachusetts loan, about half a million of dollars, five per cents, at 85 40-160. “There is a decidedly better feelingin the community, and much more disposition to invest.” Epidemic in Vermont.—We leatn from the Montpelier Vt. Watchman that a very danger ous epidemic is prevailing in the Northern part of that town, in Charlestown, Newark, Burke, and various other sections of the State. In some districts it is said that the number of those who are well, is scarcely sufficient to.take care es the sick' and bury the dead. The Sime dis ease prevailed to a dreadful extent last season at Burlington and in its vicinity, where many •f the most valuable citizens fell victims to its. violence. It is a disease until recently un known in that section of country, and is thought to be a species of erysipelas. Jewish Synagogue.—A new Jewish Syna gogue was consecrated in New York on Friday jast. It is the sixth house of worship which the Jews have in that city, and is intended princi pally foremigrants from Get many. Florida. The St. Augustine Netrs of the 11 til insl. says: The Senior Editor of this paper returned from ffii expedition down the Southern coast of Flori da, on Sunday last, after an absence of over five weeks, during which period the gentlemen who tQmposed our party (Messrs Humphreys, WHarton, Zylstra, and Russell,) have greatly improved in health, though they bad much hard ship and fatigue to undergo. The country a bouuds with fish, oysters, and game of every description, to such an extent that it is beyond description—with little cr no trouble attendant upon procuring them. The climate in this sec tion of Florida is in every respect equal to that qf the Island of Cuba, and invalids from the North would be fully convinced of the fact should they be able to make a trial. The trop ical plants are as green and fresh as though it was the midst of summer; the wild flower in still bloom, and the butterfly busy inhaling its delicious odour. The scenery in traversing the Halifax River, Musquito Lagoon, and Indian River, is certainly grand and picturesque. Another party of gentlemen from Georgia, ac companied by their slaves, arrived in this city vu Tuesday last. They intended proceeding down the coast for the purpose of set'ling. The prospects of East Florida being early settled tip us brightening, as Emigrants/are almo.t daily arriving. The Marion Herald seeks to excite the preju dice of the moral and religious portion of the community against Mr. Clay, because he visits the theatres and attended the race course in New Orleans when Miss Foote run her celebrated race—because he has, as has almost every pub lie man, occasionally played brag—became, in all his acts, be has not lived according to the straightest sect of the Pharisees, of whom wo suppose the Editor of the Herat I considers him self a "bright and shining light.” ’ I’is true Mr. Clay is not perfect—infallibility was never claimed as one of bis attributes. He has com mitted faults and acts not approvedol by the Decalogue. Ifhehas played brag, he has nev er played for a livelihood, but only for the ex citement produced by the game. M any a young man has been saved from the gamblet’s late by his instrumentality. Thousands of dollars has Mr. Clay refunded alter having won them in play. And yet he i now held up by this hypo critical Pharisee as a gambler by profession! and one, who would, if elevated to the Presiden cy, desecrate the seat once held by Washington! The Herald uses a trenchant blade—which wounds its own friends worse than Mr. Clay. If Washington’s seat would lie desecrated bv Mr. Clay’s occupying it, was it untarnished when the Herald’s political demi-god filled it? Was he pure and spotless? Were bis clothes free from tha dust of the racecourse? or his hands from the contact of cards!. Pshaw! such objections to Mr. Clay, coming from a Loeofo co, are almost enough to make one sick with disgust. Foiglt! Out upon him! A second Satan rebuking sin!— HuntsrilP Advocate. Ma. Hackett. —The New Orleans papers are particularly severe upon the representation of RYhaid by this gentleman. Discovery or Runaway Slaves, and their return.—The schr Empire. Captain Powell, which left here on the Sth inst. bound to New York, returned to this place on Saturday last, to land two slaves, which were found on board his vessel. The Empire had proceeded to the northward of Chingoteague, when Capt. Powell discovered, for the first lime, that he had more passengers on board than had placed theirnames on the way bill, and on inquiry ascertained that the unknown passengers were slaves, (mother and child) belonging to a gentleman in this Bo rough. Capt. P. immediately determined to re turn to Norfolk, and upon his arrival proceeded ‘ to the Mayor’s office, and informed the Mayor k of the circumstance ot his return The Mayor | promptly despatched an officer on board to re ■ ceive the runaways, an.i a warrant fur the arrest [ of the Steward, who it appears was cognizant to I their secrecy on board. k We learn that Capt Powell produced to the Mayor a certificate from the passengers on " hoard bi. vessel, averring that to soon as Capt. P. made the discovery, he determined to return, in which determination they concurred. Since the above notice was made; we leant that the steward states that he was induced to aid them by the solicitation of the husband of the woman. They were discovered in the gal ley, where she states they had bean stowed two davs previous to the sailing of the vessel Norfolk Beacon. 13T inst. LißiittiQti j.iiiltiiiflmgaßlMPJlLlV'lll I. "■ ■ uj ■■■■■■)!< IMI . ...... x . fa. toemCl I y. llDlLi£lx fife uwk FaTai. Rkncocnrt:n. —Mr. Reuben Morgan was killed in a teucjttnter b; a rifle shot by a Mr. Henry Morris, in Henderson county, (Tenn.) a few days since. Cut Nails.—The Pennsylvanians, or, as they call themselves in the interior, Pennantites, are now making cut nails largely from their own pig iron. A method has been contrived oi roll ing the plates so that the grain of the metal runs lengthwise of the nails, am! they can be clenched like wrought nails. Shipwreck.—The brig Mary Emily, Capt. Dyer, bound to W ilmington, N. C., with a cat go of Salt foundered oft Cape Fear, on Saturday night last. Her captain and crew had arrived at Wilmington.— Charleston Courier. ExTßAonitiNAiiv Case.—We were informed of a case of insanity in this county, a few days ago, the eircuinstances connected with which are so ex.raordinaty as to be well worth record ing. It seems there has been in the Ipswich Ahns House or House of Correction, for about twenty years, an insane man who was sent there from Salem, and has always gone by the name of “Captain.” Os his real name and residence nothing was ever known by the authorities, nor has anything been discovered until within a few months past. The man is perfectly harmless, his malady tending rather to idiocy, ami he has long been allowed logo about freely, sometimes jojn >ifa rimtaMiiariHy• ways ret Inning ill safety. A few months ago the keeper presented a card to him, and said, “Captain, you will give me youraddyess?” The captain very readily took the car l, and writing upon it, in an elegant hand, a gentleman’s name, with the name of a town in the State of New York, returned it. As it was somewhat uncertain if this was really the name, a few days afterwp.rd another card was handed to him with the request that he would give his father’s address. He immediately wrote the same surname and town, witli anoth er surname. It was then supposed that he might have given his real address, and, to ascertain tiie tact, a letter was forwarded to tlie place men tioned, directed to the pet son whose name was given as the father, with a req .test to the post master, it such a person had ever resided there and had removed, to forward the letter to the present place of residence of the gentleman or his family if it could be ascertained. Nothing farther was heard until a few weeks ago, when a letter was received from New York on the subject. The letter was shown to the “captain,” and as soon as his eyes fell on the su perscription, his countenance changed, his tves were suffused with tears of joy, and he cried out in the most touching tone, "iny mot her! my moth er I” It was in fact a letter from his mother— the father having been dead a number of years. She wro! that nothing had been heard oftfiis son for 22 or 23 years, and he was supposed to be long since deceased. The “Captain was ex tremely effected on perm ing the letter. The mother i- at present residing with another son in the city o! ?4cw York. A iarthere.-rrespondenep has taken place between the parries, and some of the relatives are expected to come on shortly and take the lost restored home. With what tervorcan this mother exclaim, when she greets the wanderer—“For this my son was dead, and is alive again-, lie was 10-1 and is found.’—Sa lem, (Must.) Register. Awful Retribution. A lew days since,considerable excitement was produced by the disappearance ot a young girl, aged about 16, the daughter of a Mr. Meicer, oneof the most wealthy and respectable inhabi tants of Southwark. A toting man of this city, named Hutchinson Heberton, was arrested on suspicion of being concerned in her abduction, but was discharged in consequence oi the girl’s return to her parents. It was ascertained, bow | ever, that Heberton had seduced the young girl, and that she had gone to a house ol ill-fame, in the neighborhood of Pin. 1 and Twelftti streets, where lie had been in the habit of meeting her. Her absence as well an her return, we believe, was voluntary. The anguish of the family at the knowledge ot the dishonor that had fallen up on the daughter oftheir house, no tongue can tell nor pen describe. To wipe out the stain as far it was possible so to do, a marriage was propos ed to the seducer. This was declined on his part, and thebrothsr of the seduced then clial jeirgeij, Tibs q also . furiatebi atlier; Sl'iiug almost to tnadiic'.-, deter mined not be baulked in his revenge. He wat-li ed the movements of Heberton, an.i having as certained that he was to leave the city last even ing in a carriage, byway of Camden, he con cealed himsell on board the ferry boat armed witli one of Coll's six-bat relic t pistols. Short ly alter, the carriage was driven on board with tiie blinds drawn up, and when within a few yards ol the Jeti.ey shore, Mercer approached the carriage and fired tour balls into it in quick succession. One of them [toved fatal, taking effect under tiie left shoulder blade, and another entering th? body of Heberton. He was con veyed to a tavern in Camden, where he expired in a lew minutes. Mercer immediately gave himself up to the authorities. Thus has the atrocious crime of seduction been visited with awful and summary retribu tion at the hands of the outraged brother. We have been acquainted with Heberton for some years, and have always known him as a mild, amiable and gentlemanly man —but the crime which he committed w.c-, of too black : nd dam ning a character tor us to express regret or sympathy tor his untimely end. For hi s wid owed mother we feel deeply, as well as for Ids afflicted relatives, who are among the most te spectabie of out citizens. 11 is fate is a striking exampleof the evil efiects of idleness. Having no occupation, and abundant means to supply his wants, his whole lime appeared devoted to intrigueand the gratification of sensual passions. Had he been engaged witli the occupations of business, his mind would have been tilled with other thoughts and higher aims. Let his fate be a warning to all idlers.-— Ph. /v’t.. <taz. Settlement or the litti.e win between Hayti aniiCuba.—Letters from Port an Prince say that tiie Spaniards having tint taken two Haytien vcsselsby way of reprisals, theqmin el was settled thus. The Government of Cuba demanded that the Haytien liigate, the Satisfac tion, should fire a salute of2l guns in honor of the Spanish flag, displayed on tiie vessel captur ed by her, with the same flag flying at her main mast heal. This was acceded to, on the condi tion, which was accepted, that the Spanish steamer sbie.ild return tiie salute with the Hay tien flagon the main. The salutes were ac cordingly exchanged at eight o’clock on the morning of the Gtli, after which the steamer took her departure. The vessels taken by the Span iards, are to begiven up.- -Saiuiiiu ’i Republican. Pretty Sentiment.—“ The memories of childhood, the long far away days of boyhood, the mother’s iove and prayer, the voice ot a de parted pl :-. fellow, the ancient church and school house, all with their green and ha Bowed associ ations, coir. ' upon the heart in the dark hour ol sin and sou -tv, as well as in the joyous time, like the i ■ s age ot' a pleasantly remembered dream, and cast a ray of their owe hallowed pur ity and sv.< .■ itess over them.” JT- Tlic ' iisonian mentions, as a current rumor, that •the Whigs will add a proviso io some anpi.-, riatk>n t ill. p.king the pay ment of anv salaries to ottieers appointed by the President during the tecess of Congress. This would prevent the President ftoni making any appointments of his triemis to foreign missions, collector ships, departments, Ac., without sub mitting the nominations to the Senate, prior to the lid-of March. The Senate of rouse stands ready to reject the nominations if made. Wondeiifvi. I! cape.—-The ’Cleveland 1 ald gives an account ot a dealer in notions who called at the Willoughby Medical College and ottered some hemlock gum tor sals to a party of student -. They declined buying, but directing the unsuspecting pedlar to a room in the third story, but on entering the room the glaring eyes ol our horror-stricken pedlar beheld nought but dead men s bones. Here were also beings in human shape, with shirt-sleeves up-turned, cut ting and carving toe dead bodies afotesaid! In sepulchral tones the terrified gum-seller was thus interrogated ‘II:,-.- - vou a subject to sell!’ Not knowing the spciTs-definition ot' tiie word ‘subject’ when asked i.i such a plt.ee an i by such persons, cur pedlar Hammered out,‘Yes, sir—l have hemlock gm.i io sell ' Wiih sterner Voice and uplifted knife, he was againinlet roga ted—‘Haveyou a dead bo' ton-ll! The |.ed lar replied,‘Oh! nor .sir.’ ' I'le‘ti we will make a subject of you—off with your boot-!’ rejoin ed the dissectors of hutnanily. Tiie pedlar, be lieving that upon his instantaneous efforts were suspended life and death, made a desperate rush fur the door. It was fast. Seeing open win dow, which had been opened to vrt’.tilaie this ehatnel room, he made forthat. The students, alarmed at this unexpected tmn of events, at tempted to ‘ii-.-t-d him.' The pedlar, regarding it a he' pursuit, made the desperate leap from the window of the third story of the College! Rut thep ‘dlar is not den 1, although the ground was frozen, and the elevation sufficient, we should think, to have broken i. ery bone in his body. No bone- were broken, we were told, still he was badly bruise l. A liberal subscrip ts .n was rais ■ 1 l>v th.' indents, ami j, ■ ha- l-ien k indiv eared tor, so that after all. the pedlar took his “hemloek gum " to a g..;>.! i imi.el, at.•: cqn prove the ee’i-aey of sucti ' plasters'' upon his own per-or.. I tie st-.t?.'. u:s ■ton't want any more “eum,” this cuarter. SATURDAY' MORNING, FEBRUARY 18. Mesmerism Appears to be rapidly acquiring a strong hold in Charleston, if the impressionsupon the edi tors es the Courier be a correct index of others. The experiments thus far seem to have been as satisfactory as they are astonishing, and but for the crowded stale of our columns, we should make copious extracts from the Courier. We trust, however, in a few daj's, as the influence seems to be wending its way to the southwest, to witness some of its etiecis ourselves, tor which v. e confess our anxiety. Tun Red River Freshr r.—The Picayune of the 11th says:—A gentleman of this- city lias kindly furnished us with the following extract of a letter which gives further intelligence in re lation to the recent terrible freshet on Redßiver. Il is dated: Fort Towson,(Ark.)Jan. 30,1843. The fiver here is now 20 leet higher titan has evirbeen known siene the country was settled. The rise has backed the creek up to this place (the foil,) and has taken away the small bridge between here and Doaksville. Brummitt’s place opposite tiie landing, is entirely gone, and so is Jonesborougii, The river is now about 3 miles Xsi.q&al the la::,'. ; .l >f it is ’ !r ro lie irft'fl' slandTaud must, I think soon commence falling although it is now rainiag very fast, and lias been since yesterday. Illinois.—A bill has been introduced into the Legislature ol Illinois, which if passed will provide that state with the means of completing her canals, and render them a source of revenue. By the proposed act, the whole administration ot her canals and the property belonging thereto i» to be entrusted to thtee trustees, one named by the Governor, and the other two by the capi talists who shall advance the million and a halt now required by the State. These trustees are to go on and complete the public works, and sell off the canal lands, &c., and from the proceeds fir-t reimburse the million and a half loan, and divide the excess rateably among the other cred itors of the State. Translation or Bernal Diaz.—We learn that our Minister to Alexico, Gen. Waddy Thompson, is employing such moments of lei sure as he can find and spare from rhe laborious duties ot’his important mission, in translating the celebrated “ History of the Conquest of Alexico." from the original Spanish of Bernal Diaz. It is well known to be a work of en chaining interest, written with great purity of style and beauty of diction; and from Gen. 1 hompson’s known literary abilities we may look fur one of the most interesting works which has yet appeared of the conquest of Mexico, and the exciting scenes enacted by the early Spaniards and their brave though unfortunate opponen t. The work will probably be soon published ill this country, and we shall hail its appearance with pleasure.—Pm-. Gross Outrage on the Savannah River.— On Tuesday evening a shore boat, belonging to one of the sailor Boarding Houses in this city, and manned by some hall dozen desperadoes, loardcd tiie British barque Covenanter, and took therefrom twelve sailors—nine on a first v isit, and three on a second. The master of the barque iiad unfortunately no tire-arms, and was therefore in no condition to make resistance.— The desperadoes insulted the Captain, and fired several pistols at the ship. This boat, or one in company, then proceeded to the British barque Springfield, Capt. Hoy, which vessel was ready lor sea,and made an attempt to board her. They were, however, fired into, and three of the party wounded, one of them known as “the Mobile Slasher,’ receiving a bail in his lurehead, and another in his mouth, which knocked out three of his teeth. Another by tiie name of Brady, receiver! three buck shot in his body, and tiie other, whose name we did not lean), was so badly wounded that it is expected he will not re cover. We are informed that he has been ta ken tu the Hospital. I'hoTrwww, ?>F rwo-f .iwlemen we.-w frivsn t: who saw one of these piratical boats leave the wharf—the scoundrels on board of her being armed with cutlasses, guns, &e. It is said to be their custom to go out every nigh’, seeking to entrap as many sailors as they may. We have before called public attention to their pira tical enterprise-, hut we do not heat that the city authorities have taken any measure to suppress these daringoutrages and punish thefreebooters. Our port will get a name equal to in its worst days, if these things continue. We unhesitatingly affirm that it is highly discredi table to this'city, tiiat foreign vessels should come here, and be compelled to defend their l ights by force of arms. This is what they are determined to do, however, and we hope' they will make good use of them. The master of the Covenanter, was in town yesterday, and supplied himself with arms. Two or three of the Captains also came up on the same errand. If our laws cannot protect them, why then, we say, in God’s name, let them defend themselves. . . .a'.l Republican. Correspondence of the A’ . O. 'i'ropii'. Cotton Culture in India. NUMBER THREE. 7'o l.’ic K 'i'urs of the Tr.f.:: Tiie experiment that has given ti.-e to the great variety of speculations anti opinions that have been recently expressed at different times, in tiie public prints, both in this country and in England, is that some account of the conduct and results of which [ intend to give you in this number. I will coniine m yself strictly to a sim ple narrative of facts, wiii 'll is the only solid basis upon which a correct opinion can be form ed on such a subject, allowing every impartial reader to draw bis own conclusions. We ate too apt generally' to indulge in wild theories, and loosely to draw conclusions from general principles and facts, on subjects, a lucid an ! intelligent comprehension of which depends <m a familiar acquaintance with minute details, and on no subject is this more the ease than the present, compassing as it does the nearest in terests of millions of people, and calling into action even in this country, a capital of more than seven hundred millions of dollars. To give tin’s experiment a complete and sat isfactory trial, the East India Government gran ted several portions of land, in quantity about three hundred begahs, (a begah being a small fraction less titan an acre,) the necessary num ber of laborers bullocks, (for horses were not used for agricultural purposes,) and the requi site implements lor cultivation. The location of this land is in latitude North 211, near the city of Baroach, w hich is situated on the north ern ban’.; of the Nerbudda river, in the district of Guzeiat. This district is the most genial and productive, and emphatically the cotton country ot the whole peninsula, and the only region from which exportations of cotton have ever been made in any considerable quantities. In Guzet:.t, Beroda, Malwa, and other contigu ous count: i , ate grown all those cottons known under the r ~..mu.n name of Surat cotton. This name is derived Irom tiie name of the port whence in former times this cotton was export ed. Under the auspices of the British rule, Bombay has become the seat of commerce for the whole Western part of India. In former times, Surat was the great commercial empo rium of Western India; and without being the residence of royalty, was proudly called, from her wealth al«ne, the “ Imperial City.” With the loss of her com merce was dissipated the charm of her grandeur—the spark that once animated, being extinguished, lias left the im mense body a useless incumbrance. Sural is now scarcely known as a commercial port —the brilliancy of her prosperity has rendered deeper, the gloom of her adversity—she is now in nt ins, ■crumbling and prostrate, and her prince-like merchants have become begging shop-keepers. The character of this country is an extended, unbroken plain, watered by the Taptee and Nerbudda rivers. The latter river is broad, but shallow, ar. 1 when swollen by the rains, resem bles greatly the Mississippi. There are two kinds of soil in Guzerat; the one a dark clayey loam, in appearance similar to the alluvial de posit of our own great river. The other is known as the Garat soil, an t is lighter in appearance, and morecalcareous. The former is lertlleand productive, and is that soil on which is grown with the greatest success the indigenous cotton ; the latter i less productive, ami is not held in so high esteem by the natives, and does not produce the native cotton to advantage.— The experiment- that have heretofore been made, have been generally tried on the black soil; the results in every instance have shown that it is peculiarly inimical to all for eign cotton-, and some men of science have pro nounced it poisonous, but I apprehend, upon a more practical examination, it would have been discovered that it is poisonous only in its un suitableness to the grow th and production ot cotton, for it has not been found inimical to any growth that is suited to the climate. Some experiments have been tried on llteGo ratsoil, but the test has not been so satisfactory a-on the I laiTire reason why it has Tot been tried ofter.er is its general barrenness and infecundity.' It is <• ntended by some who are u,interested in -ecuring the patronage •f the Government to the prosecution of these experiments, that this soil is favorable to the production of exotics. The pioces- ol reason AUGUSTA, GA. THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 1843. ing by which this conclusion is arrived at is similar to that by which many other important. facts are discovered, and is a iair sample of the [ logic of military gentlemen on the science ol Agriculture, anil may not be out ot plate as it will give some idea at least ot the ingenuity of a cockney cotton planter. It is known that In i dia is a tropical country, and that cotton is a . tropical plant India is a cotton growing coun try It is further known by repeated experi ‘ ments that exotic cottons cannot be produced on the black soil—ergo, the light soil must be fa vorable to the production of this article. But the attention given the idle reports that multiply on this subject, aflbrds but additional proof of the great facility with which governments are gulled in the prosecution of those works which belong so peculiarly to the sphere of individual enterprise. The black soil was selected on ac count of its known fertility, and the great pre ference given to it by the' natives, as that on which should be tested the experiment that was tried in the year 1841, under the superintendence of the Americans who went om to India lor that purpose. Before the coming of the mon soon the necessary preparatory steps have been taken so that when the planting season arrived everything was ready for action. Some at tempts had been-made to use the American plough, but the results were partial and abor tive. The monsoon usually sets in with great violence, which is callei the “bursting oi the monsoon,” there isthCn an intermission 01, ten ’i; • ■: .‘.■O s-dvrn gw : r timelm.ri'.ile ralis: this i< taken fttvanragfe oTTv tfij and most oft heir ploughing and planting is done during this .short period. The strict recurrence and uniformity of the seasons of this country, give the farmer no choice as to the season tor planting, but he is compelled to take advantage ot the tavors granted to him by Nature. It was intended that this experiment should be tried en enrirelv after the American mode of cultiva tion, which, as will appear in the sequel, was found utterly impracticable. The seed planted were taken out from America for the purpose they were good, and came up abundantly—they were planted between the tenth of June and the first of July. Knowing that the wet season, which is always prejudicial to cotton, would be protracted and violent, ridges were thrown up, as is the practice in America, ou which the cot ton was planted. This, it was thought, would be one great superiority over the mode of culti- X'ation practised by the natives —who plant their cotton on the level earth and without ridges— having no plough suited for this purpose. The soil in which the cotton was planted being moist and warm, it soon sprang into lite, looking heal thy and luxuriant, and grew for some time with great rapidity. But the rain continued to fall unceasingly and in great abundance—the earth became saturated with water, and soon the ex tended plains of Guzerat assumed the appear ance ot an outspread sea of water. The fields of cotton that, a few days since, looked so beau tiful and thriving, (began now to droop, and as sumed a yellow, sickly appearance, and great quantities died with the lust, during a period of six weeks of the monsoon. The rains are so continued and violent, that not only are the labors ot' the farmer stopped, but it is impossible to pass from one part of the country to another, except on foot. This is not an unusual state of things. Toone unac-' qttainted with the peculiarities of the country and climate, it would appear calamitous; but it is looked for, and praj-ed for by the Hindoos, as an annual blessing. For weeks after the rains have partially ceased, and the standing waters have evaporated and subsided, the earth that has been ploughed is so unsound and mellow, that no beast can pass over it. The period during which the plant is undergoing this trial, is the most critical, and it is at that age at which it requires the most careful an.i fostering atten- ' tion. From the state of things above mentioned, it ' will appear to any one acquainted with agricul- 1 lural pursuits, that anv attempt to cultivate the plant, under such circumstances, would be at tended with the most destructive results. For tunately weeds and grass do not grow very a- ' bundantly during this period, as it: the case with u> and therefore render:: that constant attention which we have to give our crops, in a great measure unnecessary. J 1 When the rains had subsided, tiie cotton re v ived Horn its drooping condition, and assumed 1 the appearance of a healthful and vigorous re- 1 : uscitation. But this favorable change was plant, than was the violence ol the rains. The 1 tznnination of the monsoon is no less sudden than its bursting; The waters suddenlyretiring leave upon the surface ofthe earth a thindepos- 1 it of m ud. which being exposed to a vertical sun ' is soon baked to a hard incrustation, and so in- 1 dnrate is tin's incrusted surface, that in many 1 instances the trunk ofthe plant in process of ex- 1 pan-lion was entirely cut oft’. It was thought ’ that this evil would be Remedied by a timely ap- i plication of the plough and hoe. But here an ' iinexpi cteddilficultyaro.se. Although the stir- < foci, ol the earth was dry; beneath it was saturat- ‘ cd with water, and the nature ol the soil being ‘ purely clayey, and unrelieved by a grain ofsand ' when wet, assumes the adhesive and impervious : consisteney of putty: so that it was found en- t tire'y impracticable to use either the plough or hoe. The impracticability of adopting the A- < merican modeof cultivation, will more satisfac- t torily appear when it is observed that even with , the smalt implement used by the natives, (asde- , scribed in No. 2,) for cutting out the grass and | weeds, it is necessary, after each application of t it to the earth, to cleanse it by passing it through i the forefinger and thumb. So inimical and unwholesome is. the condi- , tion ofthe soil to the American cotton, that the ] top root would not penetrate it, but curled up , and sought nourishment about the surface. It , may be observed here, that the indigenous co’.- . ton is not subject to these baleful vicissitudes;' . its roots penetrate the earth, and although it does ■ not grow during the violence of the rains, it re- , mains comparatively in a wholesome condition. Under these circumstances, the idea of using : tiie American impiiments es agriculture was i abandoned, but full advantage was taken of the native mode ot cultivation. In spite of every | effort to keep the cotton in a growing and thriv- , ing condition, it manifested daily symptoms of . decline, and soon ran into a premature inaturi- ( ty, or, in other words, was scorched and killed by the intensity of the heat; and in six weeks . from the time the rains had ceased, the stock . liriit ceased to grow, and the leaves were burned ( to a crisp. So complete and entire was tiie fail- , ure, that with the exception of the cotton that j grew on a few elevated spots, irom which hedg- , es had been cleared, no forms matured on any ( of the stalks. All the cotton that did open was carefully gathered, and tiie aggiegate amount . Irom the three hundred begahs, did not exceed one hundred pounds of seed cotton. The cot ton that did open was forced into maturity—its 1 quality was therefore greatly interior to that of trie same article raised in tiiis country ; it was 1 however superior io the indigenous plant. This is abi ief statement ofthe taels that led to ' the failure of this experiment. I will make some additional statements on this subject, with which I will open the next number. I projiose, in the numbers that follow, to notice more in de tail the obstacles that oppose the improvement of the agricultural interest of India, and particu larly the introduction of exotic cottons. AV. Genteel wav iir Flogging a Wii'e.*—The Mobile Herald recommends anv person having a shrew ot a «ife, to get tier inesmerised and then tiira.-.li the manipulator. The state ol sym pathy between the mesmeriser and the mesmerizes is so perfect that the lashes laid upon the former inflict an equal degree of pain upon the latter— thus the wife may be duly chastised without suttering the degradation of a personal flogging. Prom the Baltimore Patriot. The Abdui tion urom'New York. —We co pied a few days since, from a New York paper, an account of the abduction from that city of Mrs. Miller by her husband, Mr. Charles' F. Miller. We learn from the Norfolk Herald, ’hat the parties arrived in that borough oti Thursday morning week, accompanied bv a gentleman, (a friend of the lady.) On Tuesday last, the father of Air. C. F. Aliller airived in the steamboat from Baltimore. On consulta tion, it was decided between them that lhe hus band and wife should go to the West Indies in the brig Trio, then about to sail tor Guadaloupe, and that the wife had consented to go, anil had already gone on board the vessel tor that pur pose. The Herald then proceeds to say:— “One ot the gentlemen who had heretofore bell tended her, accidentally became possessed of information which left no doubt on his mind that the object in getting hei off to the West Indies w.v a sinister one, and involved dark surmises and suspicion-; and he resolved that gi, >!o should not. Accordingly he had an intet view with the la.ty on board the brig, and caused her to change her intention of going to the West Indies; and the subject was talked over, and the consequence anil probable results in case ot the leath of the lady, discussed without reserve on ’heir part—and not without effect: sot about ten o'clock Mr. M., senior, went on board the brig himself, and returned with the lady—and on Wedne.-day, he with his son and wife sailed lor New York in the packet schooner Empire. love, said an amiable spousetoher iiisliand, ‘ don't sell that horse; I like him, and 1 want to keep him.’' “He’s my horse, and 1 11 :<-l! him.” replied lhe loving lord; “didn’t I buy him?” ■lt mu nioneii bought him," reported the iristocralic lady. “Yes, madam,” said the husband, “and bv . ittpifer, vour money bougd -e or vou never would have got me!” ■ MONDAY MORNING FEBRUARY, 20. Rail Road ArciTcnt. By a passenger who came through from Wel don by the mail last night, wilearn that a fatal accident occurred on the Wilmington Railroad on Saturday morning last.. The particulars, as far as we were enabled tu ejllier them, are as follows: When within torty-fve miles of Wil mington, the forward axle ot |he passenger car broke, passing up thtough tearing up the entire bottom of the car, in wfMeh there were 18 or 21) persons, one of’ whom, yul. Hall of Bal timore, was so seriously in;fcd that he only survived till he reached Wih«ugton. Messrs. Campbell of Baltimore, auJJMti.LEu of Sav annah were al.-o serionslj' but they were brought to Charleston, xptere they remain ina dangerous situation. Outlie remainder ol' the passengers 10 or 12were more or less bruis ed, inti none seriously. ■ >’. Death of Commodate Hull. Commodore Hull died in this citv yesterday morning at an early ■tVi't, >iief illness. The name of Hull is aaßt some us toig' dftfie United States. He ser vice when about twenty years of age, and up to the advanced period at which he died, was mostly in active duty. To his skill and cour age the country owes the firstsuccessful demon stration made during the late war with Great Britain ofthe ability of American national ves sels to cope with those of the self styled Mistress ofthe Seas. His glorious victory with the Co nstitution infused spirit and hope into his coun trymen, and gave an impetus to those exertions upon the ocean, which resulted in humbling the pride of a haughty enemy, and raising the con fidence and extending the fame of this nation. He worthily won and consistently' maintained a reputation second to no other champion ol its rights upon the sea%.—Pkibulelphia North Ameri can of the IMh. TWENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Correspondence of the Baltimore American. Washington, Feb. 13. UNITED STATES SENATE. Mr. Barrow presented a memorial from Cin cinnati, signed by 2001) citizens, asking Con gress to amend the Steamboat law requiring iron steering rods to be used. Mr. Graham presented several Resolutions adopted by the Legislature of North Carolina upon lhe subject of the Compromise Act, the Bankrupt Law, the Veto Power, the relation ship existing between the Senatorand the Legis lature. Mr. Sturgeon presented the Joint Resolutions ofthe Legislature of Pennsylvania, instructing their Senators to vote for the payment of the fine imposed upon General Jackson. Mr. Buchanan presented a memorial from Philadelphia asking Congress to pass a law es tablishing the value of the German coin in like manner as the value ofthe coin of France and England have been valued. Mr. Buchanan presented, from Western Pennsylvania, a memorial signed by GOO or 700 citizens, who state that Pennsylvania has been embarrassed by her Internal Improvements, and asking for the issue of Government stock tor the relief of the State. A similar memorial was presented from Chester County, Penna. BANKRUPT LAW. Mr. Young of 111. gave notice that to-morrow alter the expiration of the morning hour, he would move to take up the Bill to Repeal the Bankrupt Law. Mr. Berrien said that on to-morrow he would move to fix a day for taking up the Bill. The Bill was important in its details, and some distant day should be named for its considera tion. Mr. Buchanan presented a inemorial from to Amos Kendall. MH. MCDUFFIE’S RESOLUTIONS. Mr, McDuffie moved for the consideration of his Resolutions, according to the Special order. The Resolutions he said lie had presented sole ly upon a conviction in his mind as to their im portance. He had consulted with no one. It was the opinion of many that these Resolutions would have come better from another quarter. It was the opinion ot some that the majority were solely responsible for all the evils in exist enccduring the Administration. There wasan opinion that such a state of things would be con ducive) to the benefit ofthe party not in poxver. This was not his political morality. He con sidered both parties in some sort responsible tor the evils in existence. Mr. MeDume said lie was not disposed to in dulge in mutual eliminations and recrimina tions. The Administration in power after the removal of the deposities were unquestionably responsible tor what ihen happened. Such was the universal infatuation and delirium ot the times. State Banks sprung up, and specula tion prevailed every where. A subsequent Ad ministration retraced their steps and abandoned their error anil acknowledged it, too, in a mau ly manner. This was the responsibility of that party. And what course was adopted by the other parly when the Independent Treasury was proposed. When the one party abandoned the Stale Banks, the other party took them up. Thus both parties were in tault, and both pat ties were bound to apply the remedy. In the opinion of some of the people a restor ation of the currency was the only remedy. In his opinion this was a mere surface measure. It did not touch the disease. In the course of three months the currency in the expansion increased Irom s9l to $145,000,000. This was thecause ol the evil. Since the expansion the currency had been and must be further reduced. It had not yet been reduced to the extent neces sary; and when the currency had been reduced, what were we about to do? Restore the curren cy. Nature had remedied the evils complained us, and would continue the cute. We were now to abandon lhe restoratives of nature and ' resort to the miserable quackery and contrivan ces of man to remedy the evils. Mr. McD. said that some of the most intel lectual men ofthe country, and in some sec tions almost all classes of people, were crying for that panacea which had produced the evil. A restoration of the currency was the very last thing which lhe patient could endure. You could not reform and expand the currency at the same time. The contraction was the only reform; nothing could revive the country or re store relief in the manner of benefits conferred by the Government. We must look to some thing more substantial. Gentlemen said they wished not so much to increase expansion as to restore confidence. Confidence in what, he would ask. In Banks? In false hopes that must be disappointed. Mr. McD. hoped that that sort of confidence would neve; be iestored. It was like the con fidence oi the mother of men in rhe serpent, ‘Which brought death into the world, And all our woes.” There could be no confidence in Banks and Exchequers. If he was asked for a remedy, be had none to give: but this he could say that it was but to leave nature alone a while longer. A Bank would do no good. You might in crease the circulation of lhe countiy, but you would add nothing to its wealth. Mr. McDuffie acknowledged that he had sup ported a Bank of the U. States as long as it existed, and he had always believed that it con tributed to the soundness ofthe currency. Sub sequent events, however, had induced some change of opinion. His opinion, however, al ways was that specie should be the basis of our currency. Bank’s should be left to themselves. No man, however, ought to say now what was the precise remedy required. He thought that we ought to leave things as they were lor one or two years mure. We could see in the mean time what nature would do. The Tariff was next considered, and Sir Ro bert Peel was quoted at once as authority tor the Tariff here. It was said that at the very mu ment Sir Robert was taking measures forthe introduction of American Grain into England, ’ve were pacing tariffs almost of a prohibitive •haracter. If the receipts into lhe Treasury’ for lhe month oi January afforded any estimate of ■he receipts of lhe year, the whole income woui I be but thiee millions of dollar.?. Mr. McDuffie passed offinlo a high eulogi ;nn upon American Commerce, and a corres ponding reflection upon American Manutac ures. Commerce Lad sustained us from the foundation of the Government, and Commerce ie c msidered waspart and parcel of domestic .ndustiy. Production was in the samepropor ion by the Exchange made for Commerce. We •ould support commerce and manufactures at he same time. What claim bad manufactures o the special protection or favor of the Govern ment. Had this domestic industry ever given me cent tor the support of the country, nv laxa iun <»rotherwre? No. It was a combination «f great ingratitude and miuistiuus injustice. \nd yet to sustain this we were breaking down o ii commerce, the life and spirit us our Gov ernment. If the People would abandon prutec i . nthey would be supplied at one third less han by domestic manufactures. We were de- straying our best friend, Commerce, in order to build uj> our w orst enemy, Protection. All the pirates of the ocean, said Mr. Mc- Duffie, all lhe elements in commotion, all the storms of nature, never produced, never could produce half the evil which this Government was designedly or intentionally producing by its laws. It was interfering with the rights of man in labor, and in property, and there was no power on the face of the earth to take a man’s own from him; and yet it was done by the Tariff' policy. He knew of nothing so monstrous as this, and he won iered that the high spirit of the Soutli had submitted so longto this monstrous oppres sion. The manufactures of England when brought in exchange for Cotton, were as much the property of the exporter of Cotton as was the Cotton he exported. Mr. McD. though that the Compromise Act strictly carried out, and the payment of an av erage duty of 20 per cent would yield five mil , lions more than the imposition of duties in an-' other form. Said Mr. McD. we were under an erroneous and despotic Government, and the enlightened people would not endure for a longer period the oppressions of lhe Government. Mr. McDuffie spoke for about two hours, and in bitter opposition to every thing like protec tion. Having closed, and the hour being late, Mr. Evans moved that the Resolutions be pass ed I v until to-morrow. -•■tarellien adjoiiireri. HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'iTvES. GENERAL JACKSON’S FINE. Mr. Moore called upon the Whig party to as sist him in inducing the House to go into Com mittee of the Whole on the subject ol General Jackson’s Fine. The subject however was not taken up. The bill from the Senate in relation to private expresses, was referred to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. INDEMNITY FOR SLAVES. The bill lor the payment of s79t>s 23 to the persons who are entitled to it for slaves lost on board the Comet and Encomium, was received from the Senate, and the amendments concur red in. Mr. Giddings moved a reconsideration of the vote, and thereupon predicate 1 some remarks on the subject of a rank abolition aspect—insist ing that Congress, in passing this law, was aid ing and abetting the traffic in slaves, etc. Mr. Cushing replied, stating all the circum stances attending the loss of slaves on board these vessels, and insisting upon the justice ot the claims—the admission having been made by the British Abolition Government, with an abolition Min istry, that the individuals referred to were slaves, not merely by the laws jf the United States, but by the laws oi New Provi dence He placed the subject in a clear light, and spoke of the importance of protecting the interests of all parts of the Union, without re gird to sectional differences. Mr. Arnold moved to lay the motion to recon sider on the table, which was decided in the af firmative—yeas 110, r.ays 38. BREACH or PRINILEGE. Mr. Giddings arose and remarked that Mr. Dawson of Louisiana had insulted him as he was passing through the aisle; and he asked the House, not to protect him, but its own dignity. The Speaker said that he had not observed the proceedings. Mr. Wise briefly remarked that the gentleman from Louisiana was one of the most courteous men in the House, and perhaps it was in reply' to lhe question of Mr. Giddings whether he meant to insult him, that he (Mr. Dawson) in differently said that he did. A voice, “O! let it drop.” Mr. Mallory’ said that he witnessed the pro ceeding. The gentleman from LouisMna was passing through the a isle in which the gentleman from Ohio was standing; and he merely put his hand on his shoulder in the gentlest possible manner, as if o ask him to move to let him pass. And Mr. Dawson only' spoke to Mr. Giddings in reply to questions which were asked him. Mr. Adams understood that it wasnot a threat to cut his throat from ear to ear. [Cries'T'order” The Speaker here interfered, and cut short the debate which wes likely to arise—remarking that there was no motion before the House. RECIPROCITY. majority move to postpone, until Wednesday next, the resolution relating to treaties of com mercial reciprocity. The motion was agreed to. REMOVAL or JONATHAN ROBERTS. The resolution submitted more thana month ago by Mr. Toland call ing on the Secretary ot the T reasury for information in regard to the remov al of Jonathan Roberts, late Collector of lhe Port of Philadelphia, was taken up and adopter!. A resolution was also passed calling for the names ot the persons who petitioned for the re moval of Calvin Blyth, to give place to Jonathan Roberts. ARMY BILL. The Army bill, with the Senate amendments, was taken up, and the amendment appropriat ing $50,000 lor the removal of obstructions in the navigation ol lhe Western Rivers, gave rise to an animated discussion. Mr. Fillmore hoped the House would not concur in the amendment, not because he was not favorable to the object, but he xvould not yield his consent to strike out some appropria tions of equal consequence and make an invidi ous selection of ot hers. Mr. Triplett denied that any had been strick en out oflike magnitude with this, and made a statistical statement of the amount of human life and property xvhichannually passed through the Ohio and Mississippi. Mr. Reynolds made some remarks. Mr. Hunt, of New York, spoke with much earnestness against the amendment. Lake har bors were of as much consequence as Western Rivers, and this sectional legislation was oppo sed to every principle of justice. Mr. Proffit next took the floor, amidst cries of question! rise! rise ! Mr. P. said that gentleman who desired to rise could do so, and leave the House, but he should not, and he went on. Alter be had clo sed, Mr. Weller obtained the floor: but, the hour being late, on his motion the committee rose. Mr. Hutu, on leave given, laid on the table a proposition, [purport not heard;] which xvas or- , dered to be printed. STATE OF THE TREASURY. On the suggestion of Mr. Wise, the Speaker laid before tire House the following message from the President ofthe United States: Washington, Feb. 13, 1843. 7T the House of Representatives : I herewith transmit to the House of Repre sentatives a report made to me on the Dili in stant by the Secretary of the Treasury, on the subject ofthe present and prospective condition of t tie finances. Yuli will perceive from ittiiat even if lhe re ceipts Irom the various sources of revenue for the current year shall prove not to have been overrated, and the expenditures be restrained within the estimates, lhe Treasury will be ex hausted before the close of the year: and that this will be the case, although authority should be given 1.1 tire proper Department to re-issue Treasury notes. But the state of facts existing at the present moment cannot tail to awaken a doubt whether the amount of the revenue for lhe respective quarters ofthe year will come up to the estimates, nor is it entirely' certain that the expenditures which trill be authorized by’ Congress may not exceed the aggregate sum which has hitherto been assumed as the basis of the Treasury calculations. Os all the duties of the Government, none is more sacred and imperative than that of mak ing adequate and ample provision for fulfilling with punctuality its pecuniary engagements aud maintaining the public credit inviolate. Any failure in this respect, not produced by unforseen causes, could only be regarded bv our common constituents a serious neglect ot the public in terests. I feel it, therefore, to be an indispensa ble obligation, while so much ofthe session yet remains unexpired as to enable Congress to give to the subject the consideration which its great importance demands, most earnestly to call its attention to the propriety of making fur ther provision for the public service of the year. The proper objects of taxation are peculiarly within the discretion of the Legislature, while it is the duty ofthe Executive to keep Congress duly advised ofthe state ofthe Treasury, and to admonish it of any danger which there may be ground to apprehend of a failure in the means of meeting the expenditures authorized by' law. I ought not therefore to dissemble ray fears that there will be a serious falling off in the esti mated proceeds both of the customs and the pub lic lantis. I regard the evil of aisappointment in these respects as altogether too great to be risked, if by any possibility it may be entirely obviated. While I am far from objecting, under pres ent circumstances, to the recommendation ot the Secretary, that authority be granted him to reissue Treasury notes as they shall be redeem ed. and to other suggestions which he has made on this subject, yet it appears to me to lie wor thy of consideration whether more permanent and certain supplies ought not to be provided. The issue of one note in redemption ot another is not the payment of a debt, xvhich must be made •In the end by some form of public taxation. I cannot torbear to add, that, in a country so tull of resources, of such abundant rner.ns, I they be but judiciously called out: the revenues of the Government, its credit, and its ability to ■ fulfil all its obligations, ought not tu be made ■ dependent on temporary expedients, or on cal- culations ot an uncer.ainei ar.icttr.--The j.ub .ic faith in this, as in allthirg; else, ought tu be placed beyond question and bjvond contingen cy. The necessity of further and full provision lor supplying the wants of the Tteasurv will be the more utgent, if Congress, at this present session, should adopt no plan for facilitating the finan cial operations of the Government, and improv ing the currency of the country. By the aid of a wise and efficient measure of that k ind, not only would the country be invigorated, but im portant additions to the amount of revenue ari sing from importations might also be confident ly expected. Not only does the present condi tion of things in relation to the currency and commercial exchanges produce severe and dis tressing embarrassments in the business and pursuits of individuals, but its obvious tenden cy is to create also a necessity for the imposition of new burdens of taxation, in order to secure the Government and the country against dis credit, from the failute of means to fulfil the public engagements. JOHN TYLER. Treasury Department, Feb. 9, 1843. Sir—Pursuant to your direction, I have the honor to submit my view of the prospective condition of this Department for ’.lie current year : The balance in the Treasury on the Ist of January last, appears as well as can be ascertained at this time to have been $2,840,041 72 Customs $13,000,000 00 Lands .2,500,000 00 Miscellaneous sour- ces 100,000 00 Loan and Treasury notes 4,883,358 36 Aggregate of means 23,323,400 08 The estimate of expenditure dur- ing the year is as follows: Civil and miscella neous 4,445,122 00 Military services, &c. 9,286,428 00 Naval service 7,881,223 00 Interest on loan and Treasury notes.... 1,320,000 00 22,932,773 00 Estimated balance Ist Jan., 1841.. .$390,627 08 It will be seen that this estimate makes no provision for the amounts which may be requir ed to meet the appropriations tor private bills, or ojher objects beyond the official estimates, nor for the redemption of Treasury’ notes, of which there are $11,028,977 69 outstanding and re deemable during the year 1843. Ot these, lhe whole except $2,402,390 56 carry interest af ter maturity', and will not probably’ be present ed for redemption. But the sum of $2,402,390 56, on which the interest ceases after the year from the date of issue will require to be provid ed for, and will not only absorb the balance ol $390,627 98, but will need a further supply ol upwards ot' two millions to maintain the public credit. I have proposed to the Finance Com mittee of Congress to place these notes on the same footing in regard to interest as the other issues, and to authorize the Department to re issue such Treasury notes as may' be redeemed previous to July, 1844. Should this proposi tion be adopted by Congress, the estimated bal ance ot $390,637 08 will remain unaffected, ex cept by such appropriations as may be made beyond the estimates. Believing it necessary that some further pro vision shquld be made by Congress for the pur pose ot ensuring an amount ot receipts that will enable the Treasury to meet punctually all demands that are likely to be made upon it, 1 have this day addressed a communication to the chairman ofthe Committee ol Waysand Means recommending duties upon tea and cofi’ee, to gether with several other articles which appear ed to be proper subjects ot taxation. However desirable it may' be to avoid this resort, it was thought to be imperatively called for by the condition of the finances and the state ot the public credit. I have the honor to be, with great respect, y’our obedient servant, W. FORWARD, Secretary ot the Treasury. To the President of the United States The message having been read- - Mr. Prthnois* moved lo refer tie* message to the Committee ot Ways and Means—which was carried. And the House adjourned. Washington, Feb. 14,1843. UNITED STATES SENATE. The President ot the Senate laid before the Senate a communication from the Treasury Department upon the subject ofthe accruingdu ties for the last quarters ofthe year 1812. The report gives some opinion as to the causes ofthe discrepancy of the estimates. A Bill for the relief ofthe heirs of Robert Ful ton was reported irom the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mr. Huntington reported the Bill from the House to abolish the number of officers employ ed tn the New York Custom House. The bill is reported with amendments. INSTRUCTIONS TO MK. WEBSTER. Mr. Benton’s Resolution calling upon the President ofthe United States for a copy of his instructions to Daniel Webster, Esq. upon the occasion ofthe negotiation of the treaty with Great Britain, was adopted. . , ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS GENERAL. A bill was passed this morning, requiring the confirmation by the Senate of the appointment of Assistant Postmasters General. BANKRUPT I.AW. Mr.Berrien gave notice that on Mon day next he would move to take up the bill to amend or repeal the Bankrupt Law. the special ordep. resolutions. Mr. Evans at I o’clock rose to reply to the re marks ofthe Senatorfroin South Carolina, (Mr. McDuffie) made yesterday. In a manner peculiarly his own, teise, senten tious and practical, Mr. Evans jumped at once into the middle of his subject. He Ibegan with the Tariff law of the last session which has been personified as a very Pandora’s box of ills. He showed first that the tariff had not time io work the evils complained of. He -showed too, that the prices of foreign goodshad "not increas ed under the tariff’, and there haff I een no dimi nution of prosperity at home in cc insequence of the passage of that act. The argument of the Senator Xr«>m S. Caro lina as to the causes of the depression of foreign commerce, was next examined with great abili ty. In the first place the prosperity of foreign commerce was made to depend up >n domestic prosperity. When other departmen. ts prospered foreign commerce prospered. It wa s not detri mentally affected by the success of domestic production and manufactures. The de; ression of foreign commerce was admitted, but the dis ordered state of the currency was ts .e cause, ft was the want of a sound and unifo rm currency which affected both domestic and. foreign com merce. The contraction of the cut rency as pro posed by’ lhe Senatorfrom 8. C. dU I not appreci ate the currency. Mr. E. said, in continuation, th at commerce could in no way prosper unless, business was prosperous at home, and business at home was to be improved by a sound and aniform curren cy. At this time we had more, ’gold and silver in some of the Banks than notes in circulation. Money could be had for five pt :r -cent, where the legal rate of interest, in New York, for exam ple, was seven per cent. The currency was be yond the business, and it was lhe state of the currency which had made it so. Manufactures did do son lushing for the cur rency of the country, and tl tey paid much into the Treasury, whenever the y increased the con sumption of the country, when they enabled people to purchase more fi ,v<ly, whenever they added to the comforts ol the people and the pros perity of the countiy. Th ; idea that lhe planter ot Cotton paid all the dut les was preposterous. He paid only for what he eonsumet 1 .. Jf he sent his cotton to Europe and exchanged it for Brit ish manufactured goods, and brought bus goods home and paid duties upc n them, lie did .no more than the man from the I North who sent a thou sand dollarsor more, botight cot)on with If r sent it to Europe, brought I <ome goods with it, and paid duties upon them. If he sent Irom hi s re sidence money to Eure pe and bought goods with it, he paid duties upon tham as much as the cotton grower. Mr. Evan’s remarks upox i the Tariff, its ope rations and. details, its e'.feets and the conse quences of an opposite jxflicy were very states manlike and able. The s peech here commanxl ed the attention of all, ar .d was clear as light.— The Senator in discussing the ways and means made somfe brief rema'cks in relerence to the condition ofthe Treasury. He expressed his belief that the revets)jes of the year would a mount to $13,000,000 as estimated by the Secre tary of the Treasury.. The receipts at the New York Custom Howie for January were SSGO,- 000, and at that rate, the receipts would be $12,- 000,000. Besides the expenditures of the year were fast diminish ing. He did not be) ieve expenditure ’ would exceed $18,0(X),0f>0 for this year, or $21.',000,000 forthe 18 month irom January', 1843. to Julv, 1841. The effects as the tariff had restorerilhe crectit of the Genera) Government in some degree, it was al-o urg> ri, in answer t<: the oppasiti m ot Air. McDup 1 St >cks had Ijeen sold at pat an w< re aft :• mium. Treasury Notes had gone from 95 tc 102 in cons equencer of the tariff rel Mr. Evnn clo-ied a very clit ctive and mas terlv bv ’be def.nce it Ixis owe resoiu lions, offered in addition to those s u n-n’'-.l ly Mr. McDuffie and which had been assailed. Mr. Dayton and Mr. Rives mlrmiucetf two new sets of Resolutions referring to Stale Debts the duty’ ofthe States to pay them, and the Co nstitutional objection to the assumption of the State Debts by the General Government A de bate of an hour took place upon these resolutions which was participated in by Messrs. Buchanan, Allen, Rives, Archer, Merrick, McDuffie, Cal houn, Dayton and others. No vote was taken before the adjournment. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Barnard gave notice that on Thursday he would ask the House to go into a Coiimiitwe ol the Whole on the State of the Union, with a view of taking up the Exchequer bill of Mr. Cushing. He should, in tiiat case, move bis substitute therefor; and of this he wished gen tlemen to take notice, and be pie pared for the proposition. JESSE HOYT. Mr. Barnard from the Committee on the Judi ciary, to which the memorial ol Jesse Hoyt had been referred, said he had been instructed to move that it be printed. The motion to print was rejected. MISSISSIPPI BONDS. Mr. Gwin rose to a personal explanation, in relation to remarks of Mr. Granger respecting the Mississippi Bonds. He stated distinctly that the money for theirsale was not received by the State, but by the Union Bank, without the sanction of law. , Mr. Grange) iepiieivlh<u ceived for the bonds was useaas tnC rote Wpre tai of the Union Bank; and he read a letter to show the other side ot lhe picture, in contrast with that presented by Mr. Gwin. These explanations were cut short by Mr. Arnold, who called up his bill to reduce the pa v of members of Congress. He moved that the debate cease at three o’clock, and the motion was agreed to—yeas 92, nays 78. The House then resolved itself into a Com mittee ot the Whole on the state of the Union, and proceeded to theconsiiieration ofthe bill. The bill having been read, several substitutes were offered. One by Mr. Gwin, to reduce the pay’ ofthe civil officers ofthe Government twen ty per cent., and providing that, for the remain der ot a long session beyond five months, the per diem shall be four dollars per day’. Mr. Hunt proposed an amendment to the bill, fixing the annual salary- of members at SISOO per annum, and tour dollars for every twenty miles travel. Mr. Williams of Conn, submitted a bill fix ing the compensation at $6 per day, and $6 for every twenty miles travel. All those were read for information; ami, af ter a great deal of talk and confusion, the exact result ol which a spectator could not well deter mine, the Committee rose and the Speaker re sumed the chair. A Mr. Holmes submitted an amendment to al low members their actua' expenses of travel ling, and eight dollars a day for the time so oc cupied. Mr. Cushing opposed the amendment. The question was taken, and it was decided in the affirmative—yeas 98, nays 64. An amendment was adopted that the mileage es any' member shall not be more than S3OO for a session of Congress, Mr. Wise moved to strike out $6 wherever it occurred, tor the pay of members, and insert ;"’I. The vote stood—ayes 56, noes 62. The committee then rose, and the House ad journed. Washington, February 15. UNITED STATES SENATE. Aftersome miscellaneous business of no pub lic interest, Mr. Miller of N. J., called for the special orders, which were the various Resolu tions submitted to the Senate yesterday, and by Mr. McDuffie upon a previous occasion. Mr. Dayton commenced by alluding to the Resolutions of Mr. McDuffie and the debate growing out of them. He said that Senators upon the other side of the Chamber ought to re member that they’ were responsible for this de bate, and for any consumption of time which resulted from it. He had hoped that when the Senatorfrom South Carolina had introduced se veral Resolutions, leading to no conclusions, that some practical proposition would have fol lowed the consideration of lhe Resolutions, but none came. The Senator’s remedies were to do nothing with the currency mid to rely upon Free trade lof a Revenue. With some brief remarks Mr Dayton pro ceeded to elucidate and defend lhe following Re solution proposed by him as an amendment: Resolved, That the distrust and obloquy cast upon thi Federal Government, by reason of the failure of certain States to make prompt pay ment of their debts, is an unjust and unfounded imputation upon its credit and good faith. That while this Government deplores the misguided policy' ot those States which have embarrassed themselves, it disclaims all liability, legally or morally, for such delinquency. W hile, in vin dication of its own unblemished faith and hon or, it appeals with confidence to its past history. His remarks upon these topics were vety practical and able, particularly when he answer ed the calumnies of Englishmen upon our Insti tutions and credit. Among the acts of lhe Ad ministration of Charles the Second, ofthe Long Parliament, and of the Parliament of 1813, he found precedents of National dishonor and re pudiation. Having closed, Mr. Merrick, of Md. in order to save the time of the Senate and to prevent the discussion ol mere abstractions, moved to lay' the Resolutions upon the table. The vote was as follows: —Yeas 24, Nays 23. The subject was thus disposed of by a bare majority, The Senate then went into Executive session, and in an hoUrafteiward adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The House resolved itself into Committee of the Whole, for the purpose of taking up the bill in relation to the pay and mileage of members. The question was]taken on the following a mendment offered by Mr. Hastings, and it was rejected, viz: Strike out all the section, and insert a substi tute which he had prepared, and which provided that, from the commencement of the present session ot Congress, and henceforth, each pas senger should receive $6 per diem, and $4 for every twenty miles travelling, to be the usual route; and that, on aking the oath at the com mencement of the session, they should be sworn to restrain the franking privilege to letters on such member’s own business, or the extension of liberty the circulation of documents, &c.; and providing further, that the soldiers of the army and the sailors of the navy shall have $1 a month added to their present pay. Two other amendments, viz: to estimate the mileage by the shortest mail route, and allowing $5 mileage, were also rejected. Mr. MeKennan submitted an amendment to reduce the eight dollars per diein after the ses sion shall extend beyond a certain time. This was rejected. Mr. MeKennan submitted an amendment, which was adapted, to the following effect, that in lieu ofthe daily pay, and mileage, members shall receive eiulit dollars a day for the time they actually attend in their respective Houses, and four dollars a day for every twenty miles travel, if a session shall extend beyond’five months; if longer, and not exceeding 2 months, six dollars a day for the additional time, and it protracted longer than seven months, four dol ars a day for the remainder of the session. Mr. Clarke, of N. Y., submitted a proviso, which was adopted, that a member shall receive mileage for the distance actually travelled. [This will cutoffcohstructive journeys, such for instance as Mr. Benton and others do not travel after the close of the session and the im mediate convocation of an Executive session.] The remainder of the bill proposes a reduc tion in the pay and emoluments of certain offi cers in the' Federal Government, from twelve to twenty per cent according to the difference tiie compensation received. The amendments offered were numerous, most of v. hich were re jected; and among them one oftLicd by Mr. Mars Antony Cooper, to reduce the at my and navy —the latter to six vessels of war. Mr. Gwin proposed a substitute for the bill— to reduce the salaries of all officers ofthe Gov ernment twenty per cent; and when the session of Congress shall be protracted beyond five months, the per diem pay of the members shall be four dollars. The question was then taken on the amend ment of .Mr. Gwin, and it was rejected. After some further proceedings, the Commit tee rose and reported the bill to the House. Mr. Cushing moved to lay the bill and amt nd ments on the table ; and the question was d< ci ded in the negative—yeas 42, nays 167. Mr. Fillmore moved to strike out $4, and in sert $6 fo r every twenty miles ol travel; and on the veas and nays being taken, the question was decided in the negative—yeas 59, nays 145. The bill was then read as amended, and the amendments having been concurred in by the House, it was read a third time and passed— veas 166, nays 48. ' After which the House adjourned. shipwreck and Loss of Life* Extract from a letter to Walter R. Jones, Eiq., * Sei rotary of the Board of Underwriters, N. York, dated, ABsrco.'.i Bi’ach. Feb. 10 1843. “The brig Raymond, Capt. Levenseller, Irom New Orleans, I ound to New York, came on • hote this morning about 2<> clock, a Ifttle be low Absecon: Beach, near Great Egg Ha -hot bar. The captain, 1.-.1 r.u.te. and 5 seamen drowned, careo 322 hhds sugar, aim 116 bbls molasses Vessel bilged and full of water, main topmast carried away, cargo consigned t • ■ Jle-t- ‘Havens & Co. of ibis city ”; NOL. Vir-NO. 8. M issel in skt'is Li.KcrtON.—Tiie New York Commercial Advertiser us the 15th inst. say*; The election for members of Cougremi in th*, districts in which there was no choice in Now ember, took place on Monday. In district No. 2 the votes in 18 towns swe, Sallonstall (Whig) 3719; Rantoul (Dem.) 4731; abolition and scatterirg 1297. The lour towns to be heard from gave a majority of tueusy six .-gainst Rantoul at the previous trial.-* The probability is, therefore that neilher of the candidate” has received votes enough tu elect him. In district number three it i» probaMe there is no choice. In district numberfour the votes in 8 towns toe Hoar (Whig.) 1319; Parmenter, 1786; all othess 201. The Boston Past says Mr. Parmenter ic elected. Collisions at Sea.—Captain Hayden, of the brig Aftakapas, arrived at this port thie morning from New Orleans rejioite that on the 2nd insl., off'Cape Florida, he fell in with the ship Milton from Mobile for Liverpool, and took Irom her Capt. Gott, first mate, one seaman and eleven passengers, lute of the brig Monaco, from New Orleans lor Baltimore, which vessel had been run into by the Milton on the night of the 30th January , in Jut. 25ti, 1qng.8434. Tit* Munaou The next day ' boat containing the captain and crew of the schr. Intrejiiii, of New York, from New Orleans, far Charleston, wh ; ch had been run into the night previous by a ship, name unknown, and stmk nnmediately.—-Veto York Commercial, \3th. Jsr A schoolmaster as a punishment to one of his pupils for using profane language, ordered him to take a pair ot tongs and watch at a lusie in the hearth till he had caught a mouse. Obe dient to the command, the boy took lhe tongs and demurely waited tor the expected visiter. Directly after he saw a mouse peeping out of the hole, to observe if danger was near. Cau tiously placing a leg ot the tongs on either side of the hole, he grasped the mouse, and trium phantly swinging it aloft, exclaimed, "By G—d, fve got him Don’t Eat too much. —A Spanish proverb says—“A little in the morning is enough— enough at dinner is but little, and a little at nigiu is too much.” Remember this, and save indi gestion and sleepless nights. From the Rondon Saturday 'Pimee. The u>y slt-ries of Sausage-making la Lou* don. Every nation, it has been observed, possesses its peculiar faculty *feating. The Tartar quaflfc liis bowl of mare s milk, the Hindoo relishes assalbetida, a del icateyoung lady ofCeutqn pick the ribs of a puppy, an Indian at the North pole turns up his uose aisugar,aNeapolitati delights in his yard ol inaccaroni, and a Greenlander re joices in blubber and train oil; a dandy ol the Land’s End plunges with serene murage into the buwe’ of a Cornwall pie, aud nothing more delights yonr;geiiuine,dockney than u dish ofsati sages, orsurleitofblßcu pudding. A a far remote as the days of Aristophanes, the sausage maker and the black pudding seller are introduced into the comedy of lhe Knights. Our reporter fur nishes a sample of a London sausage maker. Jemmy Hoskins a gentleman wearing a ted cap, a remarkably greasy flannel jacket, ami im mensely thick ovetnau I stockings, appeared to sustain a claim fur XI J Rs. 6d, against Thoiu*. Tibbs, a wholesale dealer in heel and pork aau sages, black puddings, saveloys andvoungGer mans. It is impossible t* say which was the dirtiest, the plnintifi or defendant; the whvle at the auditory very readily and politely made wag for the savory venders. Commissioner —What's this claim for? Jemmy Hoskins — For luakin o'sassingetn Sir. Defendant—You mean for spilein'on’em, Jem my. Jemmy Hoskins (knowingly)—l,ll spile you afore you’re done. (Laughter. Commissioner—Do you mean that this is for wages’. jemmy rtwrhlw— Yes, sttylW TSne Week ih vich I made a matter o’three ton o’sassingeij. and yonug Gat min. [Laughter.] Commissionei—Thtee tons of sausages and young German? Why, what do you mean ? Explain yourself. How do you make them? Jemmy Hoskins—Dues your honor mean what on? what did we make’em on?—cos if I wan to tell that, why, perhaps [Laughter.] Commissioner— Sir, you are bound tu answer any question I ask. From what did you manu facture so many sausages and young Germans, as yon call them? Ofbeei? “Beef," said Jemmy Hoskins, reflectively, “beef! yes—why, there sartinly were some beat that week; and let me sec, we had two green ’utus and no less nortbree luckies!" Commissioner—And pray sir, what is a green ’un! Jemmy Hoskins—Vy, a hunfortnnate pig, to be sure; a pig as don’t uie a natural violent death —one ns goes off’without being slick’d. (Laugis ter.) Commissioner —Then how does it die? Jemmy Hoskins—Oh, warious ways. Souae times a pig gets the measles, and sometimes they gets smothered, and dies in tiiat way! (Great symptons ol nausea in court.) Commissioner —Butsurely you don't use such unwholesome stuff for food? Jemmy Hoskins—No, sir, we chops’em up for sassingers—(roars of laughter)—and wofa very bad indeed, we makes into saverlora and Germans. We seasons up all on’em well, and dries’em over burning sordust I Commissioner —Upon my word, you are a clever fellow. Fray what do you mean by lucky ! Tell the court what lucky is? Jemmy Hoskins—A' lucky, sir, is a oss as meets with a haccident in the street such as breaking a leg, getting a shaft run inter him, an sich likes (laughter.) We’re sure to buy him cheap, cos he mus be sold. Meat’s beauti ful, sit—you wouldn't know it from ox or beet. Why, we picks out the prime parts for the cheep soup houses and penny pie-shops. (Roara of laughter.) Commissioner—Well, Mr. Thomas Tubbe and what do you say to all this! Say, sir, (said Mr. Tubbs) —1 say as how this ere man’s a lying warmint. The werry last day as he left me he sjriled about three hundred weight ot stuff. Commissioner —Stuff! What stuff? Mr. Tubbs—Why, the sassage meat, to be sure. Instead of running the ptoperlicker intel the skins, he tun’d in cold water; and, in course the sassingers han i’t got no taste nor flavor in ’em at all. (Laughter.) Commissioner—You hear thus, Mr. Jeiwny Hoskins! Year him, (said Jemmy, indignantly,) in course, 1 years him. The mornin' as he speak* on 1 was g<jin’ to fill the skins, and he comes up to me, and taking a handful oi sassage mem, he smells to it; and then a stakin' his head, be ses, “Jemmy,” ses he, his yere’s rather too strong; you’d better give it a rince over with the licker in the bilers.” “Why, that's for making ketchup.” ses I, “and that’s my perquisite.’ Commissioner—What! make catsup from wa ter that horseflesh has been boiled in? Jemmy Hoskins —Yes, sir; the best musfa room ketchup in the world. (Laughter.) A fat sleek-headed juryman here turned very sickly. Mr. Jemmy Hoskins continued—“ Fact is, sir nobody don’t know what he years in London. I want my money, that’s all, and it so hedonhtork up worse for h Im, that’s all. 1 aim said nothin’ about black puildin’s yet, nor young Geimaas, nor—(Laughter.) Commissionei—For heaven sake, say no more' Will you pay this mail his claim? After some altercation, Jemmy Haskins fa greed to take XI IDs. in liquidation of all do mands. Immediately the case was over, our reporter was telegraphed by Mr ’l’homas Tubbs, and an overture was made for the purpose of keeping the case out ofthe papers. The repo<ter reiefr red the worthy sausage maker to his editor. The Scotchman I,oasts of aobbeu law, Ofpunch and cucxiv-icekie; But .sausage ineut xnajr Lear the beJl From any tilth in Auld Reekie. As Sem’l V’elkr said to Maude— ‘•Don’t buy your wittels teady cLor’d, v JOB PRINTING, In all its various branches, neatly nnd expeditiously executed, AT THE OFFICB OF THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. Circulars, Dray Beceipfa, Caras, Railroad do. Bill Heads, Wagon do. Bills of Lading, Pamplilets, Handbills, Posters, Labels, Tickets, Notts, Policies, Checks, I eke. Oic. &c. ork requiring Ruling or Binding, will b* executed In the best stvle. BLANKS, ' , Os every variety, and of superior quality to aay heretofore sold in this city, both as reearta paper and tyjiographicid .execution, will be kept constantly on hnpd, or can be printed to order oi short fob 18 notice. if WILLIAM DKARING fa SON 9, COMMISSION MERCHANTS, oct 13-6 m Charleston, S.C