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OLD SERIES, VOL. LVJI. THE CIIRONICI.E & SENTINEL H ruiusHCn DAILY, triweekly, and weekly. BY J. W. •& W. S. JONES. The Weekly Chronicle it Sentinel IS PUBLISHED AT Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two years, or two subscribers one year for 35. TYi- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum. Daily poper, at Ten Dollars per annum. Cash Systbm.—ln no case will an order lor rhe papar be attended to, unless accompanied with the money; and in every instance when the lime for which any subscription may be P aill ' expiit s before the receipt of funds to renew the sub.-< tip don, the pa,>er will be discontinued- Dep.i < iati money received at its value in this city ©bromclc an£_S«itlnrL A jjGV S T A . FRIDAY MORA [NG ’ FEBRDARY 21. Wash»Kl»“’ a Birth Day. The anniver»ary ol the birth «f the illustrious Washington. was-observed in this city with all thosedemonstrationswhich usually mark a Na tional Festival In conUniiiiy with the pro gramint of the ceremonies, the procession was formed in the rooming, under the command of Col. Stovall, as Marshal of the day, and march ed to the Presbyterian Church, when the Rev. Mr. Dodd made a fervent appeal to the throne ol grace, after which, a portion of the “Fare well Address” of ‘ The Father of his Country” was lead by Mr. John Hill, which was suc ceeded by an appropriate oration from Wm. H. Platt, Esq., to a very large and fashionable au dience. When the ceremonies at the Church had concluded, the procession again formed and returned to Broad street, and a handsome dis play by the military companies of the city clos ed the morning festival. In the evening, the spacious room in the Ma. sonic Hall, was crowded, at an early hour, with the lovers of the dance, in the mazes ot which, they mingled apparently with unalloyed pleas ure, ’till long after the midnight hour, forming a scene as animated and spirit-stirring as it was rendered splendid and beautiful by the bright eyes and smiling faces of the gentler sex. The arrangements of mtwe Aos/ of the Unites States Hotel, were, in the highest degree, creditable to his taste and zeal as a caterer for the public, in hisprrwZmr sphere, affording am ple evidence ot his capacity to spread a banquet as fascinating to the eye as grateful to the palate. The Methodist Church was also the scene, in the early part of the evening, of another ven' in teresting display, made by the “Washington Total Abstinence Society,” of this city; on which occasion, a large audience was highly entertained (we lean), for we did not hear it) by a chaste and appropriate oration from A. P. Al drich, Esq., of Barnwell, S. Carolina. Eate from Yucatan. Tne Picayune of the Itith says:—By the schr. Rosario, arrived yesterday, we have news from Campeachy up to the 3d instant, several days later than byway of Vera Cruz. Up to that date, the besieged inhabitant - were as sanguine of maintaining their ground as cv * er, and the greatest enthusiasm prevailed. Uy the Courier of last evening, we learn that two skirmishes or partial attacks had lately come oil', without important results. The Mex- T, mill ~ •' in the second. Provisions "—"were abundant in Campeachy. The Mexican steamer Montezuma lately made an attack on the vessels at Sisal, which is reported to have resulted in a considerable destruclion id proper ty. Suicide. —The New Orleans Picayune of the Ifith instant, says:—A deep and painful excite ment was awakened among our citizens yester day upon learning that Mr. Lavergne, President of the Consolidated Bank, had, in the course of the morning, committed suicide in the grave yard on the opposite side ot the river. He sur vived but a tew hours the wound by which his seli-ilestruction was effected; If we have heard aright on the subject, the deceased gentleman left behind him a written explanation of the reasons which induced him thus to rid himself ol life. This letter anticipates that his motives will lie mi-construed, but positively denies that any misconduct of his own had le t him thus, to sacrifice himself, nor is it believed by our citi zens that such was the case. The deceased had exercised almost absolute control in the manage ment of the Bank over which he presided, and pledged as he had been to the stockholders and the public in endeavoring to bring about its re sumption, he found the cares and responsibili ties of his position too overwhelming tor him and sought to escape from them in death indic ted by his own hand. Mr. Lavergne was a gentleman ol great a menity and elegance of manners, of distinguish ed connections, and in addition to the advanta ges of his elevated social position, he pos-essed the unqualified confidence and esteem of our business community. p'rom the Charleston Courier. ■ Charleston Races—Washington Course. FIRST n.iv—FOUR MILE HEATS—PURSE. ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS. The following were the entries for the first day’s race over the Charleston course. Mr. Lovell’s g. m. Omega, aged, by Timoleon, dam by Oscar. Mr. Sinkler's eh. h. Santa Anna, aged, by Ber trand, Jr., out of Daisy, by Kosciusko. Col. Hampton s ch. m. Rowtonelia, 5 years, by Rowton out of Sally Hopkins, by Kos ciusko. Judge Hunter’s b. m. Mary Thomas, 5 years, by imp. Consul, out of Parrot, by Roanoke. Mr. M. 11. Singleton’s imp. b. f., 1 years by Au gustus, dam oy Orville, out of Sprightly. At the appointel hour the whole field appear ed within Hie allotted space, and speculation was rile as to which of the contending animals would wear the wreath of victory. jVi.irtf Thom as was a favorite with mest ot the stranger crowd, while the veteran Santa Anna, and the no less celebrated Omega, the victors of many a ■field, had their respective backers, both being known to possess good fool and "bottom to kilt" any thing that could not run twenty miles. Rowton ‘th’ was from a stable that never furnish ed a nag without exciting the belief among a jarge portion of the attendants of the Turf, that there was business to be done—and Mr. Single ton's imported filly, lofty and noble in carriage, and exhibiting great strength of limb, and her powers ot endurance untried, made those who had backed their respective favorites begin to reufeinber the old adage that there was -many a slip between the cup and the lip.” The toss for position placed the horses as fol lows—Sant" Ann" the track, Omnia second, Rmetonrlla third, the nameless filly fourth, and Mary ’fooi.uis outside. FIRST HE IT. At the word, all got oil’well together, Omega leading, kut the position of the field was imme diately change I by the tjllv taking the place of Chnega, Santa Anna third, and the whole exhib iting a beautiful suing on the back stretch, and up to the quarter. In passing the string, the fil lystill had the lead, ’rhe second mile was run with little change of place, except that Santa Aiina, who was fourth at the close of the first mile, brushed up and locked Rowtonelia, at the quarter stretel), and the whole passed the judge's stand in a cluster; Omega in the van. All i<>n tintied to rim in close proximity throughout tite iniril uii’g, tlie old gq y, hoqexer s-f'l! retaining per place O:; eritefii.g (fie fourth and last mile Gftki* lieat, Mary Thomas made play, and with such success as to take the lead when about half the mile was completed, amt a spi: itet’ con test was kept up by all toe nags io the end of the heat, Mary Thomas being the winner by about three-fourths of a length, I luiega second. Time of heat, 7m. 555. . SECOND HEAT. The imported filly was drawn, with the belief, no doubt, that she stood no chance with such a field ofwell tried stee is,and with a view ol bring ing her again into the area, when there would be more probability of establishing a reputa ian . vsdv i i ■ ■ * i , A O JL* t A good start was obtained fol lie* remamiiig tour competitors. Omega uticait. on so m re placed by Santa Anna, followed by Ito-ionel la. It was soon perceived that something was amis.' with Mary Thomas, and before the mile was completed, she broke mean, ;md so bmlly that II was with difficulty hat she was taken from Ihe track. The second, third and fourth mile of this heat was run, Santa Anna ahead, occasionally pressed by Itowtonclla, and once or twice so closely as to lap, but tlieetloil to out-foot theoldbcn.se was fruitless, and he won the heat iiy about two length.-. Omega running at her ease, and ju.-t dropping within the dis tance. Time Km. its. THIRD HEAT. The start was bad, Rowtonelia being the suf ferer, both the oilier horses gening a running start, before she was al all onder way. Omega now look up the running in good, earnest, and was alietui throughout the heat, Santa Anna failing in several attempts to take the lead.— Time Bm. 11-. EOt'nTlt HEAT. Rowtonelianot having won a heal was ruled out of the race, and the contest was narrowed down to the veterans Santa Anna and Omega. They had often met in rivalry lor the ascendan cy, and il'otir memory serves us. with alternate success—and now they were leftout ofa field of five, to decide a 1(> mil- rme. The interest was great, both cooled off well, and opinions quite varied as to the result. They got off well together, and the first two miles were run at a killing pace, considering that both had been iiLiiuß..’ lour mile heals. OuMtga. us.k the lead, but the Mexican was determined to put hei up and in brushing, out footed her twice or thrice, but could not sustain his position. The steady stroke of the well tried and experienced old grey told, and the third mid fourth mile wasrttn with out hardly a doubt ot the final result. Omega •frinningeasily. Time Bm. His. PINAL RESULT. Judge Hunter sb.m. Mar,' Thom- as, syears by imp. Consul. 1 brokedown. Mr. Sinkler's ch. b. Santa Anna. aged, by Bertrand, Jr. 5 12 2 Mr. Lovell’s gr. m. Omega, aged. by Timoleon. I*3 11 Col. Hampton's ch ip. Rowtonelia, 5 years, by Rowton. 2 2 3 ruled out Mr. Singleton’s imp. b. f I years, by Augustus. 3drawn For the second race, one mile heats, the fol lowing horses were entered, and came up to the post at. the signal. Air. Lovell's b. h. Rn 'lie, 5 years, by Virginian, out of Southerner’s dam. Mr. JiV. H. Sinkler’s ch. e. Hilly Dy\e.e, 'A years, by imp. Emancipation, dam Leocadia. We left theturt before this race was run, but learn that Revelie won the purse in two straight heats. Time, first heat, Im. 565. Second heat. Im. 58s. The weather was fine, except being quite windy—the attendance was lair, and everything went oil much to the satisfaction ot ail con cerned. The following are the entries for this day’s race, three mile beat-: W. Sinkler’s ch. m. J'anelte Rerklty, aged, by Bertrand, Jr., out of Carolina, by Buzzard. Col. Hampton enters Mr. Richardson’s ch. f. Zo- . -I years, by imp. Boston, out ot'Leocadia. Mr. Lovell’s Martha Roteton, 5 yem-, by Row ton. out of Phenomena. Mr. M. R. Singleton’s imp. b. f., 1 years, by Glauetts, out of Clrristabel’s, by “Woeful. Remarks of Mr. Dayton. OP NEW JEBSRT, Oi Mr. Al ilujfi-'s R :o!u.‘a>n,i anil th Amend ments. In Senate, February 15. 1813. Tile resolutions of the gctitlemrm from South Carolina, (Mr. McDutlie) as well as his re marks in support ofthose resolution.', assert on ly general abstract principles, extending to no measure of a practical character fir the relief of the country. I was the more disappointed in this, as he alleges that all parties are responsi ble for the present condition of things. His abstract principles may be condensed fairly as follows: 1 u reference to the currency: Do nothing: the country will work out its own salvation. (He might have added, “with fear and trem bling.”) This principle is not a new One : it was mie Ait Ilie pi iumples us foe bust Adm.ais self. In reference to Jinaure and cii«imc, <, , his doc trine is. that we should be governed by the leg islation of Great Britain; that if she looks on ly'towards free trade, we are to reciprocate; that our tarilf law- are a curse to our revenue, and the legislation of Congress is more destruc tive to commerce than all the piral. f thai ever swept the ocean! (By the way, that is the only community of ino-.iei n times who nave ever car ried into effect the gentleman's doctrines of h-e trade.) These are his principles, and they ap pearlo me to carry with them their own icfiua liolt. If they needed an answer, they have had one in full from the gentleman who preced ed me. lam thankful, sir, that such principles have not as yet given birth to any measure; what they may do in future, remains to be seen. There is a liii I of the desert which deposites its eggin the sands, and leaves it there, to quicken or addle, ns tite action of the elements may de termine, and it i-sso of these prineij 1<••. I’hey are mopped in the public mind, end should it ever warm them into life, they will break their shell, and we will then seethe strange foreign, anti-American prodigy, which snail stall:forth. At present. 1 c intent my- 11 with having stated the principles in their baldness, without follow ing the argument. The resolutions ol the gentleman from Maine, (Mr. Evans) amendatory ofthose abave allud ed to, are likewise th? assertion of general prin ciples only. In those principles, generally, I heartily concur. But the third, 1 apprehend, is exceptionable. This resolution in substance is: That while Congress does not intend to adopt any measure for the payment of the debts of the Slates, yet "in view ol the disastrous consequences to the national character and cred it,” &c., it “declares that the debts of the several States, created by legislative authority thereof respet lively, are obligatory and binding,” Ac. And that it is “the duty of the people of said States'’ to resort to the most ellicient means to pay them, Ac. As an individual, I have no doubt of the truth of the above propositions; but, as a member of this body, I prefer substituting my amend ment. lam notone ofthose who see a consti tutional scruple behind every bush, but still I would prefer keeping within the line of aohtomZ e.7ced right: more particularly where, as in this case, there is no possible inducement to go out ol it. 1 did not understand the gentleman's resolu tion as holding out the idea, cither directly or indirectly, ot the assumption of State debts, as has been intimated from tne other side ot this chamber. The first sentence ot the re-olutiun is an express negation of it. My amemlmem was with a view— I. Tn get rid of that part of th- resolution by which we assume to declare what contracts are, or are not, binding upon the States. And— ‘J. To incorporate into the:.-? resolutions something vindicatory of the faith and credit of the Federal Goveimmen?. By a .. it authority is it that we have the right to declare, in our legislative character, what ob ligation- tietween stat ■ and ttrail rei- are bind ing? Who anti what has constituted us the judge ? Is it one ot the powers expressly grant ed, or an incident to any such power ? We may talk about ourselves, and say what we will anti what we will not do. But we ought never to say—or to, in the language of the resolution, derlarc— what others are bound to do, unless we have the clear right to make such declaration. Th® position assumed was that we had the right, bccntl i ■ the delinquencies of the States were atlecting our national character, and there fore the expression of opinion was justified. But surely lb? l-’deral Government has no pow ers originating in any such uncertain, doubtful I source. Who is to settle what does and what | does not aft'eetoitrnatiomil character, as pteliroi ; nary to the exercise of litis right? <>r hair much : must that character be efiected ? How hard ' \’ e the blow which knock'ibis latent t ight like hidden fire from the flint ? Will the failure ot a merchant or a bank do it ? These affect ourcredit.it is said, “ii/-,>/ / z«' i i. But is it the right or duty ot this Government todcclare the law ot the corilra?’. between tli<: merchant or bank and its cru-'itor ’ It is obviott< that no power can originate in such a s<mi<:e. Bitt the right was chimed on an.ithct gfmtrid. ft v. as said that we are the creditor some of the States, and therefore have a er.-limfs tfoht to talk. That the Secretary ot it lt . Treasarv has no doubt toll these ilelinqnent Stalest!,!, same thiti’’,. 1 submit to the candor of gentlemen whether this resolution U bas'd,or purports tube based', upon anvsuch ground. It “deelares that the debts of the several States” .are binding. Whai debt' at-1 y. hat Siafes I N;t that otic uhose bonds wc happen to hold, bitt all. But why is it. on tin? th-e of this res il'ition. Ih.ai weassimi to express this opinion ? Not because we are i—editors. lint, in the language of the resolution, ■■in view of the <ll-1:1:11' conscqtionce to the national character and credit.” The expression of an opinion by th? Secretaty of the Treasury i- a very different thine '.’ram a d‘ : -la ration of the th ~in'r.' -.’ by th ■ American Senate. When it sneaks, it .night 11 be ‘G- one having authority.’ And if .vithom authority, I -'.tbinit that it had better lie sil 'tit. Aside from our doubtful ri -h t.i declare the law. it strikes me as impolitic, Ido desire to keep th. eredii and faith of tite Feti -ral Govern ment dt-'.inci from the States: and so I presume do other gentlemen. Act tins mi xing up ulUui national characte.- and the state debt-:, and our decl.itatory opinions abmil th>■ h't':il tis htsand moral dmi 's, all in one resolutioti, is kneading too much in the same trough. Its etlect is Io leaven to a greater extent our national credit with unmerited distrust. 1 have heard a great deal said here ami else where of the loss ot our national credit, (n these resolutions, in the reports upon our tables, even in Executive messages, every where indeed. Yet it appeals not to have entered the head of any body to vindicate the faith of the nation. Even while denying our legal obligation to an swer for the debts of the Stales, our whole tone has been such as to convey the idea thet we felt ourselves morally involved in tiieirdelinquency. This I deny, and in support of that part of my amendment, desire to say a few words—not in that spirit of national whining, which haste come so common, nor yet in the spirit of railing, but as an appeal to the justice and liberality ol the wot Id. Let us open the records of national faith, and see by what right it is that we are vilified by oth ers—by what right it is that Great Britain as sumes to act as “res'usmoium" for the nations of the earth. One ot tlie earliest evidences of British abili ■ ty in finance was in the reign ol Charles 11. The supplies were exhausted, and his Majesty needed money. Clifford was dignified with a peerage and the treasurer's staff, for the follow ing notable suggestion, (got from Sliallsbury.) He advised/hat they seize upon the funds which had been paid into the Exchequer by bankers upon tin? I'aiili of Government, if .as done at once—-'.he Exchequer was shut up—none bad warning; the ruin of many followed; bankets stopped paymen • merchants could answer no bills; distrust took place everywhere. This is the language of her own historian, who denoun ces the act as “an open violation of the most solemn engagements foreign and domestic.” The fu st item in the public debt of Great Bri tain is the consummation of this outrage. The amount due from Government, and which it had in gold and silver, was X 1,328,526. The payment of this sum was stopped for twenty-five years. In the mean time hundreds had died in penury and want, and then Govern ment. instead ofpaying them seventeen millions of dollars, which were*due lor principal and in terest, forced the creditors, by act ot Parliament, to accept of one half of the principal only—less than three millions of dollars, or nothing; and for this, they issued bills bearing an interest of three per cent, only, instead of eight, the usual rate when they got the money. This surn now constitutes’the very first item in the public del t of Great Britain. It is the basis upon which the whole ofthat immense pile rests, stained as it is with national perfidy and oppression. Again ia 1811, we have another and more modern instance of Britain’s boasted financial faith. The notes ofthe Bank of England having become depreciated by their immense issues and loans to Government, the obligation was cancell ed this way. Having first relieved the hank from paying specie, they next resolved that these bills at e worth their face in specie, (and this at a time when they were notoriously at a discount of at least 10 per cent.) and then made them a le gal tender. But. lest even this would not satis fy the public that ninety pounds were not equal to one hundred, they went further and made it a highly penal oftence, a misdemeanor, lor any one to either receive or pay them away at less than their face. Notwithstanding this, they con tinued todepreciate until they reached ailiscount of twenty, thirty, and forty percent.; and Govern ment then paid off i; ■ public creditors. “ nolens volens,” in this d‘'pi''•luted paper, and nothing else. Theeliect of ibis glorious operation in fi nance may be seen and appreciated by reference to Mushet' 'tables. But, whatever may be the peculiar notions of Great Britain upon the subject of financial faith as indicated by the above, at-least she claims never to havedenied her obligations. It shede frauded her creditors, it was always “pursuant to the act in that case made and provided;” and her creditors have the consolation of knowing that she has never denied their debts! Oh, no. 01 rcpntlialiim she has a holy horror. With what an air of pious coinpiaceneyarewebrand ed as a nation of swindlers and < heats, while they, with upturned eyes, thank God they arc not as other men ! Yet, unless the past be a fa ble, liistory a lie, repudiation, even in its worst 10l u>, has had in. place there. ... the crown and church lands were seized upon liir the public use. They were disposer! ot at a season of great pecuniary want, to raise money to carry on the civil government and pay her ar mies. They passed into the hands of honest purchasers, who, relying upon public faith, paid therefor a lull price, :.nd govemmeril received their moneys. Yet, notwithstanding all this, a fewyears after t ’arlimnem, by public enactment, again seized upon these lands and handed them back to the church and crown. Thousands were beggared by the act. Government was at least bound, by every principle of law andjustice, to makegood the damages:. It was a debt ot the most sacred character. Yet, after a little legislative coquet ry, she denied the debt, and to those who clam ored 100 loudly for justice, she gave a place in Newgate and the Tower. Sir, 1 do not know to whatextent a careful eve might trace this moraldelinqueiicy. Butolone thing I am sure, it little becomes Englisbmeti to lecture us on moral duty or public faith. There was one pecuniary transaction between the two governments, and it illustrates strongly my position. In the treaty of 1793, the United States assumed to" tunkefullandcompletecom pensation” for certain debts due from American citizens to British subjects, ina*>mueh asdifficul ty was found in collecting then), and to do it in specie. The amount was settled by convention between Rufus King and Lord tl.iv. kesbttry, in . 1802, at Xii<X),OOt>. This stun was paid to the last dollar, and in specie; and this too at a time when England herseltpaid her public creditors in nothing but depreciated paper. But our bonds will n it sell in Europe, and therefore our credit, they say, is gone. And has there never been a time when British paper . could not be sold at par ? Sir, the history of the past teaches this. While the eertilica',es and Treasury notes ot this Government have com manded, almost in tin wor.-t of times, dollar for dollar, the Exchequer bills ot England, (even when bearing an interest of7j per cent.,) which . represent her tloatingdebt, have been at a dis count as low as U) percent.; while herthree per cents., which I take as a specimen of her funded debt, have oscillated between the extremes of ■l7® and 100; and this not through the agency or in time of war only, but of public distress and commercial disasters. While she has been ar bitrary and faithless to her creditor, this Govern ment has not defrauded one of a dollar. While she is staggering under a debt of X7a8.397.570, (more than thirty-five hundred millions of dol lars,) we, as compared with her, have none r.t all. Our whole public debt would scarcely par thedisejunt on a thirty day note drawn for hers. Yet her citizens and the European world hold British credit good while ours is to be doubted! Sir, there is no government in the world whose credit ought to stand higher than that of these United States. There has none, no, not . one, acted with a faith more pure; not a man of the old work! nor of the new has lost a dollar by its promises. Its means are boundless—it-: debt - a® nothing—its honor pure. A.)),; h i- i. wi:h the other soveixigntie .if the. old world. Nut one can be named which is not staggering under its load. Within the last tew years the debts ot the principal Powers of Europe (which it is believed have not been ma terially altered since) were as follows: Great Britain I have already alluded to. France (did time permit 1 would show how she had paid her creditors) had a debt ot X191,893,0f>3, with a revenue insufficient to meet the expenditures of her Government, Austria had a debt of about X80,000,i)T>; Holland, in 1833, had a debt of about X10,OlW,OOt», which is vastly increased since: Naples,of X2i>,ooo,Otht; Denmark between XIO and XI 1,000,000; Portugal an arkttowlr.ilged debl, in 1838, of X 19,086,122; Prussia of X 29 - OOO.OOtl; Russia of X'30,000.6,10: Spain, accord ingloher official statements, of X 89,600,000. and it is believed that her actual debt is three times that amount. With these budgets of in iquity upon their backs, (die fruits of rapine and war,) they stagger along like the old sinner of Bunyan’s allegory, reading homilies to us, doubting whether we eau iollow! H>, in lusty youth, carrying the weight ofa thistledoivn.' and , with im inheritance stretching from sea to sea • There is a cool assurance in this thing to which the history of the world has up parallel. Sir, 1 anr not one of those who make a merit . of abu-ing Great Britain. She has my highest i respect but, in the life-time of an empire, mat teis such as I have alluded to will occur, aqd j they should teach us charily. With the kind r ost of feeling-, -z hen they- scout at us as taith lcs‘ when thou affoct a sanctimonious regard • for plights 1 faith which we have nut, wium i ib.t’i riaima credjt in the marketsol the world ’ denied io us, hitman nature cannot refrain from < asking how they are entitled to it. '• Mr. President, I have no disposition to speak r "t pe< sons ex, ppi as connected with things, but I have before sajd that from the highest official e ot Government t > theliwesi, the same humili ". ntingspectavle is seen. Wc appear Io have tor i' gotten ihat th.' respect and confidence wo a-- c smite for ourselves. ■. It wa-with stuprise a; ..| mortifu atiun that I rea lhl the i, ’seal message of the Pi."idem ol t the UniiedStates the result of a late mis sion to the mni-ii niarkct; Europe, t'ould e not the discreditable fart have been left to ru u- mor—to the chance ol remaining unknown to - the many and beingforgott mly the leu I Was e it necessary mr any useful purpose that c.ur AI GDSTA, GA. THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 2, 1843. sliame le pul'lished iu this enduring lo;m to th? ends of the earth? The loan has been takin by our uun citizens who know us best. Was its negotiation aided by an announcement qf the tact imit our credit was dishonored abroad? Why further depreciate, in this most effective of ail possible ways, the credit of the country? The iaeyjs staled in connexion with, and in aid of the argument in behalf of the Exchequer jilain-liM surely, the Chief Magistrate of this country, with American blood in liis veins, mid. I hope’ an American heart in his bosom, should have hesitated in this kind of formal and olii cial announcement of the dishonor of American credit. It is a course of business '-suigeneris." The country draws upon the money markets of Europe foriive millions of dollars. The bi lis dishonored, when forthwith the drawer, this country, through its’highest officers, makes so lemn protest oi the di ait against itself and gives public notice! Did his Excellency suppose that any body was likely to pay the honor ofthe drawer? If not, why send the discreditable fact to the ends of the earth? Again, in the same message and in the same connexion, is another matter equally indicating the want of that proper tone of sentiment which the organs of every Government should assume on all questions affecting its national credit. 1 allude to that part of the message in which the President refers us to his recommendation that the land fund be “mortgaged tor the redemption ol the principal andiiuerest of any loan" which the Government might contiaci, and thereby “vindicate the Government from all suspicion of hgd faith or inability.” Ac. Sir, 1 ain a citizen ot the ‘f'edShat Govehi raent ol these United, States; I am a citizen of the State Government of New Jersey ; neither have ever dishonored their faith by a broken promise. Aside from other objections to this plan, my feelings revolt at it as an indignity, as an unmerited imputation. WkiS An American President recommends to an A tncrican Congress that, in additional to our national faith, we give collateral security byt mortgage; that wa submit to terms in the mar kets of the world not asked of other nations— terms implying a distrust of our integrity and our honor! K Far back in the history of the world, when loans were made upon the personal responsibil ity ol kings and princes, it was not an unusual thing to put the crown jrwcls in pledge. But our loan was to be made upon the plighted faith of the Government. The proposition from the Executive to hypothecate our troten jewels as collateral to our faith, had it been made by a foreign Power, would have been resented as an insult. Sir, we ate all frail creatures—we scarcely know ourselves; but I think it is in no improper spirit that I arraign this high functionary before the country as forgetful of its lion n’. The mo ney can be procured and has been procured without any such extraordinary means. Bur, if it could not have been, taxation was open to us; belter that, than negotiating on terms imph'- ing a distrust ol our integrity. But this charge of forgetfulness of what is due to ourselves does not attach to the Chief Magistrate alone, ft does appear to me as if one party in thiscountry have systematically de cried its credit, have made an effort to swell in public estimation the amount of its indebted ness and depreciate its resources. Have we met these charges as we ought? Unquestiona bly a system ot' retrenchment has been in pro gress since the revolution ot 1840, which has saved and is saving millions to the country.— The danger, indeed, is, from present appearanc es, that Congress will rush blindly from one ex treme to another—will show a “zeal outrunning wisdom. In this respect at least Whig promi ses have been kept to the letter. There is noth ing, so far as I know, which should involve the credit of the Federa),Governinent in the slight est suspicion; yet even in this Hall, and every where, there is a species of tame submission to moral castigation. When we arc told that our credit is suspected, when every wind that blows brings with it charges of dishonesty and fraud, no voice has been heard to vindicate the un stained faith of the nation. This ought not to be. Whatever may be the sins of some ofthe States, (and God knows 1 am n« apologist tor them.) the faith of the Republic is without spot or blemish. Did 1 not feel that from the peculiarorganiza lion of our Government there could be no claim upon us for .state debts, 1 would have hesitated to throw back upon the world the perfidy of the cannot but believe that l.ur<>peail >'!l| tIHIIJII ulv dersland our system betlcrthan is pretended. If a partnership in Liverpool were of that kind called liiitilcd, or, in other words, forspecific ob jects, each person having contributed a specified amount of capital, and liable tor no more, and one, two, or three of the twenty-six partners should become embarrassed in their private af fairs, the firm would very readily understand that it was neither morally nor legally bound for private debts; ay, and they would umierstand too how the firm might be sale though individuals were not so. Yet the articles of partnership (if I may be allowed the expression) under which the Federal Government does business have been published throughout the world.— They are the American Constitution, of which all had notice. So far as the Stales have any interest in this firm beyond what is necessary for the transaction ol its business, (as the pro ceeds ol tne public lands,) 1 would have no ob jection to rcltun the same to them, to do with as they judge proper; but, whatever may be the power <sf the Federal Government in regard to the assumption of State debts, (about which 1 give tio opinion,) I utterly protest against its mor al or legal ZmiiZi.'y for the delinquency of any Slate or States ofthe Union. Sir, the secret of this spirit ot railing against us abroad is not in the anticipated loss ®f monej' only; that they have been used to at home. Still less docs it arise from any peculiar excess of fi nancial virtue; but it comes from, and is in aid of, their old spleen against our institutions. I am aware that this debate is not ofthe most useful character, but it will be remembered that it did not originate on this side of the chamber. If these resolutions be pressed to a vote, I trust ray amendment may be first adopted. It is ne cessarv to divest them of the assumption ofthat doubtful power to declare an opinion on the law, as.well as to indicate our sense of what is due to the credit and character of the Federal Gsverament. Cheap Literature. Messrs. C. E. Grenville & Co., have laid an our table, Nos. 6 an.l 7of Bitrcess’ Novelist’s Library, containing “Henrietta Temple,” by D. Israeli; an.l “Peter Simple,” by Capt. Mar ryat.—Price, 25 cents each. Also, No. I of “Marlin Chuzzlewit,"’ by Boz, with illustrations. Medical News. We have received from the publisher the Feb ruary number of this popular Medical Periodi cal.—The work is for sale by Thoma»R.ichards. Repudiation and a Stay LawJin Flori da.—The Tallahassee papers say, thal a pre amble and resolutions have been adopted by the Legislative Council, by a vote of 22 to 4. de claring “that the people of Florida are not legal ly or morally respon- ible for, nor will the;,' pay, the bonds issued under the authority of a pre vious Legislative Council, generally kn«wn as the faith bonds." The bill concerning executions, known as the Slav Law has passed the Senate by a vote of 9 to 5; and the Star says, “the friends of the bill indulge an increasing confidence of its passing through the other house.” Death of Byron.—Our facetious and plea sant neighbor of the Mobile Morning Herald, inquires anxiously how many arms Lord Byron could have died in, as in the last ten years he ha? known a score of persons who claimed the honor ot holding the warrior-hard ir; his last moments. A certain Count Barato, calling himself a “Greek exile,” aud now lecturing up on Greece, in Augusta, Ga., is the last imiuor tal personage in whose arms the poet lav when dying. We think the propel- question to in vestigate shoul.l be, how many times did Byron really die, as he must surely have kicked tl;e bucket more than once to have yielded hfs last sigh in a dozen pair of arms A Novel, Steimboat.—The Baltimore Clip per sayss-r' A steamboat is being built at New Castle, Delaware by ftaplaiu Robinson, upon an entirely new plan. She is constructed with out frame or timbers, In’ing put together upon the principle of a hogshead, with iron hoops. She iseighty-uve feel long, has twelve feet beam guards included, i went v-on? feet six inches hold, and when ready, will not draw more than two and a half feel water. Th? hooping does away with caulking, and having no ftaine gives her more room and Itys weight, as well as being a >reat saving of timber and money. Thue is a green germ of goodness living in every heart that beats. We may talk ofthede pravity of man. but there was never a felon in vltaiit who ha<l not some gleam ot tunshine | ohted away within his breast.— Pd. From the New Orleans Picayune. Izatest from Mexico. Arrival of the cutler Woodbury nrith Mr, f—uthall —G< I o,i tie M.xican Coast —Robberies and Murd r:—l vpisit cm if the 7\xan P. nmcis <f-r. <f.r. The U. S. revenue cutter Woodbury, Capt. Rudolph, arrived at our port yesterday morning from Vera Cruz, whence she sailed on the sth instant, bringing I’. A. Southal, Esq., neater of important despatches from Gen. Waikly Thomp son to our government, Win. Eppe's and‘laity, S. G. Norvell, one ofthe San Antonio prisoners recently liberated; and one of Santa Fe prison ers, who up to this time had remained in the country. The Mexican eoast was visited by a severe gale of wind on the 31st utt., occasioning much damage and loss of life. Many fishermen who were outside Vera Cruz were drowned, and a Mexican brig of war was wrecked some twenty' miles from Sacrificios. Tbe U. S. brig of war Dolphin, lying at the latter place ( lost her launch, but fortunately all rhe men were saved. In addition to the French corvette Brilianie and Spanish brig of war Patriote, the English sloop of war Elector was at Sactificios. The Wood bury rode out the gale nobly, as alse the pas sage down and back, dining which she experi enced very heavy weather. We give a list ot her officers:—Capt. T. C. Rudolph, eon’tmaiid er; J. J. Nitamo, Ist Lieutenant; B. McLean, 2.1 do.: Win. Thf h"'.v Mexican b, ig vtWVHMmBH at New York, had at rived at Vera Cnft, mtrter command of Capt. Marlin. The steamer Itegenerador left Vera Cruz on the 30th of January lor Campeachy. She had orders to return immediately te Vera Cruz, in company with theMoatezuma and Gttadaloupe steamers, for the purpose, as was supposed, of taking down 800 inert to the assistance of Gen. Minion, at Campeachy. The Mexican brig lost on the coast, was on her way from Tobasco to Campeachy, with supplies for the fleet. The captain and one of the men were saved ; the number of drowned persons was 8. It is said that 3000 Indians have lately flown to the assistance of the Yucatecos. At Vera Cruz, and other parts of Mexico, all eyes were turned towards the campaign against Campea chy, and the general impression was tliar it would not succeed. Santa Anna was still at Manga de Clavo, and was not expected to visit Mexico before June. In the meantime, orders had been issued to the different departments to raise each its share of volunteers (!) by the first of March, and to such extent that the regular standing army of the country would then amount to 100,000 nien.—These volunteers were flocking into Mex ico by hundreds, tied in strings and closely guard ed! — so we learn from one ot our correspondents at the capital. Robberies and murders arc of almost daily oc currence at the capital, and under the very nose of a government invested with absolute and un limited power. A conducta on it way from Rear del Monte to Mexico was recently attacked u]>- on the road, the escort killed and all tbe money tell into the hands ot the brigands. S. G. NorVell. one of the San Antonio prison ers who had been left sick at Queretaro, was re leased and on his arrival at the city of Mexico through the intervention of Col. Carasco. The rest ofthe prisoners taken at San Antonio were still at Perote, and appear to be in good spirits. It was rumored that Messrs. Judge Hutchinson, James W. Robinson, Wm. E. Jones, Alsbury, and Maverick would be almost immediately re leased, and the current report at Mexico was that all were shortly to be liberated with the ex ception ofthose taken at Salado belonging to Capt. Dawson’s unfortunate company. We have always supposed that Santa Anna wonki liberate t lie San Antonio prisoners in the course of a tew months. The report that Van Ness was at work in the city of Mexico is not confirmed. He, along with Fitzgerald and Hancock, had been senten ced to ten years’ imprisonment, as was first sta ted, but were still confined at San Fernando. Col. Fisher, with his patty who were taken al Mier, were near the city of Mexico on the Ist inst. They have been sentenced to work on the road between Acapulco anil Mexico, at a very disagreeable point. It was said that such ot the prisoners at Peiote as were engaged in the Salado fight were to be placed among theul. ■PatTm ■n ~ mi.." l L..~| l nml ll -< The Diorio del Gobiemo and the other Govern ment papers have wonderfully cooled down of late in relation to the affair of Com. Jones, at Monterey, and become much more temperate in their tone. From an article in telation toJJal ifornia, which we iind in the Diorio ot the 7th of January, we copy the following: “We have given to the public the official com munication ot the Commandante General of this Department in relation to the capture and subsequent restitution of tlie port ot Monterey to the government of Mexico, by Com. Jones: we have in like manner manifested the zeal of the Supreme Government to preserve at all times, pure and unstained, lite national decorum and the honor of out flag, fn consequence, an official note was passed to the most Excellent Miiiister ofthat Republic, resident at this court, and we have the satisfaction to announce that it has been answered by him, the representative ot the United States government, assuring us, in express terms, that the conduct of Com. Jones was not, (as we supposed and did expect,) au thorised by any order from bis government, which will very shortly disclaim bis acts and make all due reparation to the honor of Mexico, not being incompatible with that of the United States. “A constitutional republican government, like that of the United States, cannot at any time order the territory of any nation at peace with it to be occupied until war has been for mally declared by the legislative assembly. “Lastly, a letter from Coin. Jones to the min ister of his country expressly declares that the capture of?>lonterey was his own deliberate act, and was committed under the belief that war had been declared between the two nations.— He further states, that the moment he ascertain ed his mistake he immediately caused the Mex ican standard to be replaced and unfurled, and honored it with a national salute.” The article in the Diaro then goes on to state that the diplomatic correspondence between the two countries is of too delicate a nature to pub lish at this time, bill that the Mexican citizens may rest assured that all is right, and that the honor of the country is healed. From all this we infer that the vaporing bulletings ofthe Mex ican government, issued at the outset of tbe af fair, have been answered by Gen. Thompson in a fittn, decided tone. He has probably told that government that the United States would make all amends the case required, but that we were not to be frightened into an apology by empty gasconade or meaningless threats. Such, we really believe, will be tbe tenor of Gen. Thomp son's diplomatic notes when published, and were it not for this manliness arid severity they would probably have appeared in Mexico ere his. ' The Rf.d River Freshet.— We have yet no later intelligence from lied Rivet, but glean some additional particulars regarding-the recent frightful calamity from a slip issued on the 3d instant, at the office ol tlie VVashington (Ark.) Telegraph, which has only now come to hand. The disaster is the most fearful that ever betel the Red River country, and the detraction has extended even beyond our worst anticipations. AH the bottoms lie buried beneath the heavy mass ol moving water, whose appearance was so sudden and rapid that it has borne resistless down every vestige of human industry— cotton bales, cotton presses, corn, cattle, horses, hogs, ~ in one wide and general ruin. The steamer Hunter, Capt. Crooks, rescued many ot the drowning people, but some were necessarily left to perish in the cane and timber asther ? was no possible way of reaching them; their cries often being heard above the noise of the element. Six families of Indians, 14 miles this side of Jonesborough, are reported lost. At the date of this information the flood was still on the rise.—A“. O. Pie. of the 16ZA. “Phrenology applied to Marriage,” Is the title of a small volume laid on our ta ble by Mr. L. N. Fowler, containing a course of lectures designeu to improve the social rela tions oflife. by the application of Phrenology to ntatrtmoniai alliances, which is thus express ed by the- author in his preface: “ The object of the first lecture is. to offer some reasons why a reform or change is de manded in the present mode of forming matri monial alliances, to make a thorough and care ful exposure ofthe faults, direct evils and injurious rnnseqin nrrs which necessarily arise-from such connexions, as they are contracted at the pre sent day. The second lecture is devoted to pointing out the monwr in which such reform mu-l lie brought about, in order to make the in stitution of marriage what God designed and j the laws of nature require it shqnH Ixt,” ' In addition to the tregiise on the necessity and I importance ni' consulting phrenology as to the propriety or impropriety of a matrimonial alii am e, tlie author has added, byway of appendix, a chapter on tight lacing, which may be read with benefit by some of both sexes. We there" fore commend the work as one calculated to i excite a lively interest, and may impart valua i ble instruction It may be had of Mr. 1* at his I room SAJ I.RDAY foullN’lNG, FEBKUARS lii. Proceedings of t'ougress. In consequence of our desire to spread before our readers copious details of the foreign news, received per steamer Acadia, for which we are indebted to the Philadelphia North American, and to the courtesy of a gentleman of this eity, who obtained late Philadelphia papers from a passenger, we are compelled to omit the pro ceedings of Congress on Saturday and Monday last. The loss of them, however, is trifling, as both days were quite consumed in profitless de bate.—ln the Senate, on the abstractions of Messrs. Rives, McDuffie, and others, in the shape of resolutions, amendments, &c. &c., and in the House upon various questions, of all which we shall endeavor to present a sttiumary in our next. Veracity of the Federal Union. The editor ot the Govei-nsr’s veritable organ, the Federal Union, copies our affigfr; in which we exposed his Excellency’s corruption, in giv ing advetlisiug to the Fayetteville Advertiser, ami insinuates that we did so from a vindictive feeling, produced by the Governor’s otdering ~U»e ‘•Chronjci.e & Sentinel” discontinued.— 1 1 ’ t ja- near the tMtaaMjml editor Usually - 'ipproavHe»:' J r riic^^^^^ffl>‘ l Wt,- nel wliich had been previously sent to the Ex ecutive Department, was discontinued under the operation of our cash system, on the Ist of Jan uary, 1842, and not by any order from the Go venior, but because he did not pay in advance. Whig National Convention. The Whig members of Congress, at a meet ing in the Senate Chamber, on Saturday even ing the' 18th instant, appointed 'Wednesday the 3d day ot May, 18-14, for the holding tfl a Whig Convention ft). Baltimore, to nominate candi dates for President and Vice President. LATEST FROM ENGLAND. AKni'VAl! OF THE STEAMER ACADIA. Twenty-Five Days Later from England. From the Philadelphia North American. By the arrival of the mail steamer Acadia at Boston, we have copies of Wilmer & Smith’s “European Times,” and Wilmer’s “News Let ter,” to February 5, from which we extract the most important items. The British Parliament met on the 2d inst.and was opened by coinmission. The Overland Mail from India had not arri ved at London on the fourth. Money was very abundant in London. The Bankot England had upwards of £11,000,000 in its vaults, or more than one half the amount of the circulation. The Cotton market was in a very depressed state, owing to the emormous amounts forward ed. Mr. Drummond, Private Secretary to Sir R. Peel, was shot in the vicinity of Charing Cross, on the2oth uk. He died ill the course of five days afterwards. The assassin, Daniel M’- Naughton, is a native of Scotland. It appears that M’Naughton misteek Mr. Drummond for Sir R Peel, whom lie intended to have made his victim. Opinions are various as to his in sanity. He had been arraigned for trial, and plead not guilty; but the trial was postponed by consent ofthe Attorney General. The new Governor General of Canada, Sir Charles Metcalfe and suite, will leave Liver pool in the steamship Columbia, which sails f rom that port on the 4th of March next. A Brussels paper states, that the British Queen ■ so inllch d=»»3g eil in her J ast v°y pair her. It is said, that in case the’Cli’ambers will not grant a sum sufficient to repair her, the Ministry intend selling her in her present state. British Parliament. On Tuesday, lite 2d inst. the British Parlia ment was opened by commission. The Queen not being present, theoccasion lost much of its customary interest. The Royal Speech was lead, as is usual on such occasions, by the Lord Chancellor: THE ttllEEN’s SPEECH. “My Lords and Gentlemen—We are <em manded by her Majesty to acquaint you that her Majesty receives liom all Princes and States as surances of a friendly disposition towards this country, and ot an earnest desire to co-operate with her Majesty in the maintenance of general peace. “By the Ireaty which her majesty has conclu ded v. ilh the United States of America, and by tbe adjustment of those differences which from their long continuance, had endangered the pre servation of peace, iter Majesty trusts that the amicable relations of the two countries have been confirmed. “The increased exertions which, by the libe rality of parliament, her Majesty was enabled to make lor the termination of hostilities with China have been eminently successful “In concert with her allies, her Majesty has succeeded in obtaining for the Christian popula tion es Syria an establishment of a system of administration which they were entitled to ex pect from the engagements of the Sultan, and liom the good faith of this country. The difference for some time existingbetween the Turkish and Persian governments led to acts of hostility: but as each of these states has accepted the joint mediation of Great Britain and Russia, her Majesty entertains a confident hope that their mutual relations will be speedily and amicably adjusted. “Her Majesty has concluded with the Empe ror of Russia a treaty of commerce and navi gation, which will be laid before you. Het Majesty regards this treaty with great satisfac tion, as the foundation for increased intercourse between her Majesty’s subjects and those ofthe Emperor. . * * * * “Gentlemen of the House of Commons—Her Majesty has directed the estimates fur the ensu ing year to be laid before you. “Such reductions have been made in the a mount ot the naval and military forces as have been deemed compatible, under the present cir cumstances, with the efficient performance of the public service throughout the extended em pire of her Majesty. “My Lords and Gentlemen—Her Majesty regrets tite diminished receipt from some of the ordinary sources of the revenue. “Her Majesty fears that it must be attributed to the reduced consumption of many articles, caused by that depression of the manufacturing industry of the country which has so long pre vailed, and which her Majesty has so deeply lamented.” » ♦ * After the reading of the Speech the House adjourned. Important Speech of Sir Robert Peel on the Right of Search. In the course of a debate on the 3<t inst, in Parliament, Sir Robert Peel, in reply’ to a mem ber who had alluded to the recent treaty, spoke as follows: I rejoice that the honorable gentleman has giv en me an opportunity of making some observa tions on the late message of the President of the U. States. The sincere and honest desire 1 have always entertained for the maintenance of a good understanding between this country and ths United States } and the spirit in which I'have always spoken ot America, makes it a doubly painful duty to me to have to refer to that mes sage, which, I am sorry to say, does not give a correct account or the negotiations relative to the right ot visit. Perhaps I may do right to confirm what the honorable gentleman has said, that there is nothing more distinct than right of visit is from the right of search. Search is a belligerent right, and not to be exercised in time of peace except when it has been conceded bv txeaty. The right of search extends not only to tlie vessel, but to the cargo also. The right ol visit is quite distinct from this, though the two ate often confounded. The right of search, with respect to American vessels, we etj’,irelv and utterly disclaim; nay, more, ff wo knew that an American vessel were furnished withall the materials requisite few tne slave trade it we knew that the decks were prepared to receive hundreds of human beings, within a-pace in Which life is almost impossible, still we should he bound to let that American vessel pass on. But the right we claim, is to know wiiethera vessel pretending to be American, and hoisting the American flag, be bona fide American. There must be some great misunderstanding upon the subject; but considering the importance ot' maintaining this right—a right n<g peculiar to England—consideringthat ws;are contending for a right which is thyt only security against fraud, against «he grossest abuses by parties in tetested in this iniquitous traffic, considering that we are now the advocates of a principle necessary for the interests and security of all maritime nations —it is my duty to state, in the face of the House of Commons, that the claim to the right of visitation contended lor in Hie despatch ut Lotd Aberdeen has not been relin quished; that on this subject there was made no concession whatever, amt that to the principles laid down in the despatch of Lord Aberdeen we adhere at this moment. (Cheers from both sides of the house.) With respect to the treaty which we have en tered into with the United States, in signing that treaty we consider that we have abandoned no right of visitation. We do not understand from the United States that they entered into that treaty with any engagement from us to abandon the right of visitation, which, if not necessarily connected with the question of the slave trade. We thought that it was a step in advance when the United States professed a readiness to detach a naval force to the coast of Africa, for the pur pose of suppressing the slave trade. We did not accept Ute detachment ofthat naval force as an equivalent lor any right which we claimed; yet still we thought that lor a great country like the United States to take that step with us on the coast of Africa, although the power of visitation is limited under the treaty in such case, although we claim no right to visit slavers bona fide Amer ican; and the right is to be exercised by vessels ofthe United States—we thought it, Isay,astep in advance towards tbe ultimate suppression of the slave trade to accede to the proposition of the United States. But in acceding to that we have not abandoned our claims in the slightest degree nor did it ever make any part of our intention, during the controversy, to abandon the right to which we lay claim in tliejlesjiatch I have men tioned. AHeai’, hear, heajA Wp haveytoiit^it-, bur- Y' : known ire a oeetaration tuiuse; hill sifltS: the apjiearance of the President’.' Message, we have taken an opportunity of intimating to the United States the construction we place on the treaty. (Cheers.) I trust, sir,»tliat I have said enough to satisfy the house bn this point; I trust also, that although compelled to avow a materi al difference of opinion between the two govern ments upon this material question, 1 have stated, this difference of opinion with the respect which. I wish to maintain towards the high authorities ofthe United States. (Hear,hear.) Terrible Hurricane and loss of Life.— A devastating hurricane occurred on the 13th. In almost every part ofthe country the barome ter fell lower than it had done for years. A brief enumeration of the most striking casualties will shew its effects. The papers state that there is scarcely a seaport in the kingdom, large or small, which had not been visited by its ravages. Disasters at Liverpool.—The American ship John Cumming, Capt. Thayer, from Sav annah, at anchor in Bootle Bay, at one time was in peril of becoming a total wreck, but as er wards got into Princes Basin in a damaged state. The American ship St. Petersburg, from N. Orleans, was in a perilous situation off the port, and the pilot compelled to cut away the masts. The ship Adirondack, Capt. Hackstaff, from New York, had two men blown from the main yard, and two others maimed by being blown on deck. The Captain was also injured. A Scotch schooner was wrecked off Crosby Point, and four persons out of five on board perished. The Vernon, a trader between Liverpool and Glasgow, was totally wrecked at the entrance of the Mersey—the captain and two of the crew were drowned—the others saved by a life boat. A schooner called the Isabella, of Belfast, was wrecked off West Hoyle. Two flats were ashore at Hoylake. The schooner Portland, of Glasgow, was cast ashore at Southport, crew saved. The Osceola, from the United States, arrived with her decks swept of every thing. The Santon, from Calcutta, lor this port, was driven ashore in Ballyteigne Bay. Capt. Hux lable and two ofthe crew drowned. At Lytham, two lighters, the Union and the Brothers were wrecked, and the crew of the lat ter perished. On land in the vicinity of Li verpool, the storm raged during the whole night with great vio lence, levelling chimneys, loosing tiles, and in some cases destroying dwellings. We note, hwever, no loss oflife. The Samarang, from N York to Hull, struck on the Brake, slipped from her anchors, and was abandoned in a leaky state, with main and miz enmasts cut away. Crew saved. Destruction of the Lily of Liverpool.— This splendid vessel,' insured by the underwriters at Lloyd's, to the extent oi £20,000, was totally lost, together with two valuable vessels, upon 'tSzJJyizc/v> r. — I'un'Rt <J! France was the scene of a melancholy catastrophe.— Near the spot where the Reliance was wrecked a few weeks back, the Conqueror, Capt. Dug gan, a fine vessel from Calcutta to London, with a valuable cargo, was driven on shore on the night of the 13th ult., and immediately went to pieces. Out ot seventy-eight persons" every soul on board was lost except a boy. The crew consisted of forty-five seamen, exclusive us offi cers. There were sixteen passengers. Loss of the Jessie Logan.—Another vessel from the East Indies, owned in Liverpool, was totally wrecked in the same gale off the coast of Cornwall. She was 8511 tons burthen, Ameri can built. She became unmanageable in the gale, and was driven on the rocks off' Boscas tle, and lost. The crew, with the exception of tbe cook, were saved. Total Loss of the SitipENOLAND.-The ship England, Capt. Lewis, encountered the hurri cane on the 13th, and soon became a total wreck. Crew taken off' by a Dutch pilot boat. Frightful Loss of Life in Ireland.—The most sweeping loss oflife occurred on tiie coast of the county Down, in Dundruni Bay; among the shipping craft which be.ong to Newcastle, and Annalong, a little fishing village near Kil keel. The following communication, dated Newcastle, details the tragic result: “A most awful catastrophe has befallen this village. No fewer than forty six fishermen, be longing to Newcastle, perished in the storm. Such a scene ot desolation, lamentation and woe as this place presents has seldom been wit nessed. But tlie melancholy calamity has not been confined to our immediate locality alone. A few miles further up the coast, at Anna long, 27 other individuals were lost, making an aggregate of 73! About 2t)of the poor creatures belonging to litis place, who were lost, have left wives and children, who were entirely depend ent upon them for maintenance; many others were the chief support of aged parents. As nearly as can be ascertained, 60 children have been left fatherless. Thus, along with the pangs of bereavement, wliich the survivors have to suffer, the great bulk of them will, conse quently be reduced to the very lowest state of destitution. The Mediterranean appears to have been se verely visited by thestormsthat caused so many calamities last week in the Channel. Several vessels were lost. The packets from the Le vant and Algiers, were eight days ia arrear. The Semaphore ofthe 18th states, tiiat the wind raged with such violence at Genoa during sev eral day’s, that the inhabitants residing near the pier hail been obliged to abandon their houses, where their lives were in danger. Several ves sels had been thrown on the Italian coast. Lord Melbourne, who has been very ill, has sufficiently recovered to see company. The accouchement of the Queen is expected to take place in March or the beginning of April. Sir Robert Peel has been engaged in a con troversy with the currency men of Birmingham, represented bv the Chamber of Commerce in that town. The Chamber contends that a sure remedy for every social evil is to be found in the establishment ofa new paper currency bv government. A destructive fire broke out on the sth ult., in the extensive workshops of Messrs. Foster and Stewart, joiners and builders, Liverpool, which were soon destroyed. The estimated loss is £12,000. The workmen who had the whole of their tools destroyed, have suffered severely bv the calamity. A handsome subscription to re imburse them has been made. A vast mine was sprung at Dover, on the 26th ult., to blow up the Roanddown Cliff, which stood next to Shakspeare’s Cliff, the ob ject being to make a roadway instead ofa tun nel, for the Southeastern railway. The quan tity of gunpowder was 18,500 pounds. 1,000.- 000 tons of chalk were dislodged by the shock, which settled gently down into the sea below. The Anti-Corn Law League have been hold ing meetings, collecting subscriptions, and en forcing their views during the last month in al most every large town throughout the kingdom. On the north side ofthe Tweed, Scotland, they were enthusiastically received. The “demon strations” at Ediittoigh and Glasgow were on ly excelled by thrc# during the present week at -Manchester and Liverpool. In London and the neighborhood, the meetings of the same bo dy have been numerous and successful. Mr. Charles Dickens has written a letter to the editor ofthe Times, in which lie asserts that the statement es the Edingbnrg Review, that he went to America as a sort of missionary in the cause of international copyright, is destitute of any particle of truth. Mr. O'Connell has published a letter to the people of Ireland, in which hesays: “1 am able at present without doubt or difficulty, to an nounce that the crisis has come upon us, when, if the people of Ireland, the clergy and laity, will ! but combine in their overwhelming majority, the i Repeal of the Union is all but immediate, and the commencement ofa new era ot Irish, prosper ity is at hand.” France. Another commercial treaty between England and France is said to, be on the tapis, wherein both countries concede various duties, and aim at an approach to reciprocity but; judging from the unfortunate results of previous attempt®, l. ere is li tie rca.-on to apprehend that the piei ent riegotiation will fare better. Spain.] The regent has dissolved the Cortes, which strengthens the belief that Hie spirit ol revolt had not been confinedto Barcelona. The newCorted are to meet in April, till which time the control of government will remain with the regent and his ministers. Portugal. The Portugese proposals for a new tariff'were delivered to Loro Howard de Warden on tlie 16th ult.; but tbe further alterations offered to Great Britain were so slight, and coupled with such conditions, that there is no chance of their being accepted by the British Government. Russia. The Frankfort Journal states, that the Empe ror of Russia, by an ukase has modified the Rus sian Tariff', so as to facilitate the importation of linen, cotton, and woollen cloths and silk-mer cery. Turkey. The Syrian question had been settle.! accord ing to the wishes ofthe Five Powers,on the terms set forth in a note to their representatives bv the Reis Effendi.— “Tlie Sublime Porte hereby informs the re presentatives ofthe Five Powers, that it is wil ling to make a trial iu Syria of the following administrative system: the faculty ot electing a Christain Kaimakuna, to be charged with the administrative government ofthe Christain pop ulations. shall be accorded to the Maronites; and the faculty ol electing a Moslem Laitnakann ..fogovera the remaining populations, (ofthe Lase hrwu.) shjjll he to the Druses, - " China. * China news to the 13th October says the Hong- Hong monopoly is at an end. Teas moderate, and their quality good. Tbe Ist instalment of the 21 millions has been paid. g-i The Indian mail reached London on the 7tn Jan., with news that on the 12th Oct. Gen Pol lock leftCabul, having disgraced the British arms by another massacre. The soldiers at tacked the helpless populace, murdered nearly all, and set the town on fire! Liverpool, February 4. There has been a fair demand forCotton during the present week, but jirices have further declin ed Jd per lb. in all American descriptions. Fair Uplands are now 4gd, being Jd below the lowest point of any previous depression. The sales of the week reach 28,810 bales, of which 25,070 were American. February <• There has been a fair trade demand for Cotton, assisted by n moderate, speculative and export in quiry, during the present week, but the urgent inannejin which sales have been pressed, has caused a further decline of Id per lb. in the value of American descriptions. Fair Uplands are now at 4;d, being jd per lb. below the lowest point of any previous depression. The strong dispo tion to sell manifested by holders, is the con sequence of repeated advices from the United States assuring us of an excessively abundant crop. The imports during the last few days have proved very large, and we cannot perceive any prospect ofa speedy improvement in prices. The sales of the week have amounted to 28,810 bales, of which 25,070 were American, 1,170 Brazilian, 210 Egyptian. 409 West India, &c., and 1,900 East India. There have been taken on specula tion 4,000 American, and for exportation 1,200 American. From the Charleston Courier. Washington Course. PURSE 750 DOLLARS. SECOND Day’s RACE—THREE MILE HEATS. |R ESULT. Mr. Lovell’s ch. tn. Martha Rowton 5 years, by Rowton out of Phenomena,.! 2 1 Mr. Sinkler’s ch. m. Jeanette Berkley, aged, by Bertrand, Jr. out of Carolina, by Buzzard, 3 1 2 Col. Hampton (Mr. Richardson’s), Zoe, 4 years, by imp. Rowton, out of Leo cadia 2 3dr. Mr. Singleton’s imp. b. f. Glaucus Filly, 4 years, by Glaucus,outofChristabel, b} ; Woeful dis. Time—lst heat, sm. 545; 2dsm. 595.; 3d 6m 18s. Awful Calamltylat Troy.—Thirty Lives Lost! About four o’clock, P. M., of last Friday, a great land-slide occurred, from the very high hill called Mount Ida, at Troy, N. Y. Part, of the hill gave way, and slid down upon the town, just as it did in January, 1837, crushing . Uuuse* **”i n -ujwoal"’ - - - Some eight or ten dwellings, occupied by poor families, were crushed and buried beneath the mass of earth. In these, it is supposed there were not less than thirty or forty persons, only ten or twelve of whom escaped. Within an hour, nine bodies had been dug from the ruins—five of wliich were without life, one partially injured, and three not beyond recovery. Had this avalanche occurred in the night, the destruction <\t life would have been still greater, as many occupants of the houses were absent at their labor or elsewhere. Babes in their cradles, mothers with their children in their arms, and stalwart men, who, but two hours before, breathed freely and in health, have been taken from the ruins, mutila ted and mangled corpses. A man from the country, passing at the time with his team, leaped from his sleigh and esca ped. The horses and load of wood were buried beneath the earth. The Budget says: “We just left the scene of disaster. It is one of horrific desolation.— Thousands were congregated on the spot, and a corps of efficient men engaged in penetrating the earth and clearing awav the fragments of buildings.” Corresjwndeni'c of the North American. New York, February 19. Nothing further from the North America; her cargo has arrived in the city in good order, and great efforts are making to get tlie ship off. The brig Wm. Neilson, Morris, arrived yes terday from Poti an Prince, reports when she left, a report was current thal a revolution had broken out on the south side of the Island, aud the planters and others were shipping off their coffee and valuables as fast as possible. The extent of the trouble cannot be stated, as letters received here t.iffer as much as reports of local affairs. Febntarv 20. In the Hayti affair, I have obtained the facts from a passenger, who states that shortly before they sailed, the General in command at Aux Caves had forwaided to President Boyer a se ries of requisitions, among which was a revision ut the Constitution of Hayti, and the re-instate ment ofthe Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and Secretarj' ot State. In tlie event of a refusal the southern part of the island would form a new Government. The merchants were doing their business as usual, but were daily expecting trouble, as Boyer would play a double and false part, which would be resisted, and a revolution ensue. The last accounts ofthe health of Sir. Chas. Bagot, state thal his life is drawing to a close, and all hope is given over. The death oi rich uncles is all the rage at pre sent. Almost every paper we open has an ad vertisement asking for information of some hap py individual who “will hear of something to his advantage” by applying so and so. True, these things never happen to us—nobody ever would die to leave vs “a large and unencumber ed” estate, but we hear of t hem da ily.— Pic. The Scotch Major.—Some 60 or 70 years tgo, a Scotch major in the British army was stationed at Montreal, in Lower Canada. He had from his quarrelsome disposition, fought several duels, and in every instance killed his man. Indeed,from his bullying reputation, he had acquired such a character, that it was deemed the height of folly to contradict his word. Yankee pedlars abounded in those days, as much as they do now; and it so happenetl thal one of them had located himself in the same tav ern with our valiant hero trom Scotland. In the course of conversation, the Major observed, “The Yankees are all cowards! I “You’re a liar!” cried the pedlar. All eyes were turned upon the last speaker. He was informed of the courage and perform ances of the major, and advised to retract his words; but all to no purpose.—He persisted in his assertions; and the consequence was a chal lenge to a duel the next morning which was in stantly accented by our s’ankee, on condition that the battle should be fought without seconds. Matteis being thus agreed upon, the Major repaired to the ground the next morning at the time appointed, where he found the Yankee walking to and fro with a shouldered rifle. On the Major’s apnearance, with a pairot hair trigger pistol’ , the Yankee presented his rifle and said: “Lay down vottr arms, darn your skin.! ar i’ll blow yourtarnal brains out.” “That is downright murder,” says the Major; “no man of honor would require any such thing.” The Yankee persisted in his demand and the result was, the pistols, were laid at his feet. “Now,” says Jonathan. “I’ll deal fair with you: 111 have the pistols, and you shall have the nite.” The Major gladly made the exchange; and seizing the weapon, cocked it, and aimed it at the breast of his antagonist, exclaiming: Deliver, or I will blow vou through!” “Blow and be hanged!” says the Yankee. j The Major snapped the piece, but— it was not. | loaded I He became so mortified from the circum stance that he left the service.— Portland Am> ri- | can. I VOL. Vir-NO. 9. MONDAY MORNING FEBRUARY, 27. Tlie l»®ue of Government Htadu. The importance of this subject to the Amer ican people, and its novelty, have induced ns, heretofore, to devote much of our space lo ihu publication of the series of Letters from th® Hon. Wm. Cost Johnson, and to urge upon the reader the necessity of a calm and dispaMiM ate consideration of tbe questions involved, sep arating them, as far as practicable, from poli tics. To present the question fairly before the couutry, it is but just that we should also lay bes fore the reader the arguments and reasonings m those opposed to the measure, that they may be in possession of all facts and arguments, pro and con, necessary to form a jorreet opin ion. We therefore give place, to-day, to tha report of the majority of the Committee of Ways and Means, ol the House of Represen tatives of Congress, and shall, to-momw, pre sent the report of the minority ol the same Com mittee; both of which reports oppose the mea sure, and to both of which we invite the read ers careful attention, as indispensably necessary to the formation of a correct decision upon a question of such magnitude, involving as that decision may, the credit and honor, to a cartain extent, of the States of the Union, and, pex chaiine. the happiness or mfeery ofthe whole American people. That this momentous ques tion should be canvassed iu a spirit ot calm ness, is not only due to patriotism, but it is due to ourselves as an intelligent and honorable peo ple, and we sincerely hope it may be met and decided upon in that spirit, regardless of the sneers and slang of the demagogues ot the day, who canvass every question with reference, solely to the influence it may exercise upon oaa er the other of the great political parties of the day. We may expect, ere long a report upon the same subject, from the Special Committee of tlie House of Representatives, of which the Hon. Wm. Cost Johnson is chairman, lo whom several memorials on the subject of issu ing State stocks have been referred, and whea it makesits appearance, if our limits will pert® it we shall lay it before our readers, as it will doubtless reply lo many of the arguments ofthe Committee ot Ways and Means. These do cuments will spread before the country tbe whole subject, in all its ramifications and de tails, and will afford to every one who feels aa interest in the subject, ample means for the for mation of a correct and well digested opiaiua upon its merits. Mr. Crawford’s Debut. The Washington Correspondent ofthe Phil adelphia United States Gazette, after sketching the scene in the House between th® Hon. G. W. Crawlbrd and Mr. Blown, noticed by us some time since, adds; “This is the first time, I believe, Mr. C. ba® attracted the attention ofthe House, and be bore himself to-day in a manner so cool and collect ed, and perfectly gentlemanly that he won much respect. He w'ilT be in no danger hereafter of being trifled with.” The Last of the Barous. We are indebted to S. A. Holmes, of the Lit erary Depot, for a quadruple Brother Jonathan, containing "the last of the Jtaronx,” entire, by E. L. Bulwex. Parting Honors to Henry Clat in Naw Orleans.—The citicens of New Orleans gave a maguifieient Ball to Mr. Clay on tbe eveaulug of the 15th, which is thus described by the Bnlto tin of Thursday: Tlie Ball given last night, as a farewell coa ptliuem to Mr. Clay, was one of th® most nu merously attended and brillant fetes ever c«U brated in our city. The display of beauty taste and elegance was unsurpassed, probably be any similar exhibition on this coutinut. Mr Clay entered the room about eleven o’clock the orchestra playing as he passed through the* de lighted multitude, the appropriate air “tfoii pj the Chi f.' The supper was served at midnight, in the handsome and spacious dining room ol the bk. Louis Exchange, and it was truly a magnilicern entertainment. Before the company rose tn.m the tables, the presiding officer proposed The health of our dcslciiguished guest, Mr. Clay. 1 he sentiuient was drank with acclamation Mr. Clay arose and returned hie thanks for the honor done him. He said he weuld not ocean*’ Hie time ofthe company for more than a mu ineiit, it ben so many good things were going into their mouths, andhewassure so little wottl attending to would come from his; that th® oc casion did not permit him more than lo say that to-morrow lie should leave this beautiful e*aa try and glorious city, where lie had received so many kindnesses, not from one party alone but from all the males, and, what he valued in finitely more, liom all the females; and that in depai ling lot 11 is own houie, lie should carry the recollection ol those affectionate hospitalities with him, and the gratitude with which they fill ed hit* would remain to the latest hour of hi* lite.- Mr. Clay concluded by offering— Ihe ladies of Acew Orfr'uas—Accomplished, eautiful, patriotic. Mr.C. was frequently interrupted ia his short address, by the enthusiasm ofhis audience aud the sentiment with which he concluded' was drowned amid their acclamations. So departs from our midst tlie great represen tative oi American principles, not greeted with idle and formal compliments, but with the spou taneous effusions of respect and attacluuem, itig delightful remembrances, and carrying with him the good wishes of both sexes aad alt parties. hrotn the Tropic of Thursday we cut the fol lowing: Departure of Mr. Clay.—At ten o’clock this morning Mr. Clay bids adieu to New Orleans. He leaves on the steamboat Diamond, upon it hit.lt he proceeds a short distance up the rivtw to the residence of Col. John Preston, where he will remain for a short time, until tbe Ambassa dor passes up, when he will proceed to Vicks burg. For nearly two months Mr Clay has been the guest ofthe city, the recipient ot iu hospital ity, and we are sure that none of our eiuzen* can witness his departure without a feeling at legiet. When he leaves us, be leave® iu all human probability, forever. But be this as it may, he carries with him the best wishas ®f this enure community, and the sincerest prayars for his health and happiness. To Mr Clay huu selt, the separation from a eity where be has been received with so much kindness we doubt not, is peculiarly painful. That he will aver remember with pleasure his visit to tha great metropolis ofthe South, we are already suffi ciently assured.—The feelings ot his jiolitical friends as well expressed in the following line* dashed off by a friend of ours, upon the impulse* ot the moment: FAREWEtf. TO HENRY CLAV. Tj’sn farewell Harry ! when we meet*»aiu. 1 he laurel wreath oi conquest ah all be I Lint— Achiev’d in peace without or spot or »taiu— I he meed ot victory, u bloodleaa »igu ! And thoi»e who now oppose thee shall confete I he gentle influence of thy virtue rare : Hhall view thee in thy pi ide of place, aud blest Benignant Fate that the han placed thee there • Then may we hope, by thy directing hand, The reign ot Katurn will appear; That Peace may spread her wing* o’er all the land. And Plenty shed her stores throurhoui the >«aj. That midst the sounds of mirth, the sous, the LiHgb The rustic darice ; the artless village Kier, ’ The lab'ring swain the cup of joy may qualf, And sit contended ’neatb bin owu house-tree. That every man xhall by tbe grateful shade Ofhis own ti%-tree stretch himself suprue, Blraa the Kieat hand this state of case has made And aafely eat the fi uil of his owu viua. * And now, Columbia’s greatest son fa re wall! We meet again when triumph crowns thy brow • The ag- 'ball of thy future grandeur tell, * And ptoudly honor, as it loves thee uow. Peyton A. Southall pass'd this city yesterday on hi« way to Washiugtu, with despatches from ottr Minister at Meaico, which City he left ou the Ist inst. We learn tli&t be repotts that Santa Anna is using every effort to increase th® Army ofMexicoto 100,00 V, now said to be 60,000 strong, aud that a ryady invasion of Texas with an oviawhsUumg force has been determined upon. Mr. Southall passed from New Orfeau by the way of Montgomery, Ala. loMadisoH, Geo by the new opposition line ol Stage*, beating foe Alail from Montgomery to Madison, sevefi. hours.— Charleston Mercury of the fbld. Onions and Rohes.— The florists say foatt oniops embedded in the earth nearlLeruois oh flowers increase their fragrance very psrcaptibly.. Wondet what effect garllck would haw tried ii» he same way.