Newspaper Page Text
2
Chronicle ani> Sentinel.
AUGUSTA.
TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 28.
Approaching the Bnd.
The Columbus Enquirer contains the follow
ing very stsnifi eant notice." We are quite con
cerned for the editors ot the “Recorder’ and
“Journal,” who regarded our course in pronoun
cing this, hank “broke," so. “heartless.” We
hope, however, they will recover from the shock
npon their nervous-systems.
“Bank op Columbus, )
Feb. 15, 1843. (
“The stockholders of the Bank of Columbus
reoitesl the billhokiers and other creditors of die
Bank' generally, to attend at the Rank on the
fourth Monday in March proximo, with their
claims, peisonally or by attorney, at which time
the assets ot the Bank, and its property of al!
kinds, will be tendered to them in payment ot
' said claims.
•• ' Extract troin the minutes.
.. .. A. B. Davis, Cashier.”
And yet Another.
The Macon Messenger contains the follow
ing'very ominous call: !
“Ocmuloee Bank, )
- Macon, Ga., 22d Feb., 1843. J
... “ The Stockholders of this institution are re- 1
quested to assemble at their Banking House in
’ this city, on Friday, the 10th day’ of March next.
The object of this call is to appoint a new Board
ot Directors to manage its affairs, or to adopt '
such other measures as may be thought ad visa- 1
me iu the present condition of said Bank. Tiie 1
Board last elected having tendered their re- 1
signation and refused to act.
Wm. C. Breese, Cashiet.” 1
.Thus terminates these faithless concerns, by
which the people have been defrauded out of t
thousands of dollars, and there are yet three oth- ‘
ers in Macon and Columbus, which will doubt
less play the same game if they can only sue- 1
ceed in obtaining a circulation. Let the people
recollect those institutions which have been I
sold from band to hand like sheep in a market 1
place, and steer clear of their issues and all will
be safe.
Pennsylvania Vetoes.—Governor Porter t
has vetoed tire second bill of the Pennsylvania t
Legislature for dividing that state into Congres- ‘
sioual districts. His objections, it is said, arise ]
Irom the circumstance that too many districts ■
would be carried by the Whigs. j
Calhoun and McDuffie*—A .lust Rebuke. •
The Washington correspondent of the Balti- |
more Patriot alluding to the passage by the Se- <
hate of the bill to refund Gen. Jackson’s line, <
administers the follo wing j ust, eloquent and in- !
dignant rebuke to Messrs. Calhoun and McDuf- (
fie. What a commentary upon the influence I
of unbridled ambition.
To-day, the Senate passed the bill to remit ,
Gen. Jackson’s fine. Mr. Dayton distinguish- j
ed himself by an earnest and forcible remon- .
strance against the manner in which the money (
is to be refunded. He maintained that the en- t
actment should be in the usual form “An act j
lor the relief ot, Ac. &<•.” The subject has be- .
come stale and tiresome. Yet the reflection ,
eannot escape you, what proofs of miserable
subserviency our public men have given in
their course on this matter! The domineering ,
spirit of Jackson yet walks abroad; and the ,
leaders of different factions who seek the favor ,
of the Loco Focos—from the President down— ,
bow before it in degrading submission, seeking ,
to propitiate it by battery, compliance, and now ,
• eveu by the reversal of legislative forms. Mr. ,
Calhoun and Mr. McDuffie, ate conspicuous in ,
lhe band who bow the knee to the ‘Hero ol New ,
Orleans’—although the echoes of their fierce tie- ,
uunciations against him, as a Tiberious, a Ne- |
ro, and what not, have scarcely died away. Re- ;
membnring their bitter reproaches upon Gen. j
Jackson;’and witnessing their present prostrate ,
subordination to his behests, one might lose all ,
confidence in the political morality of public
mem That trust would be lost, were it not for ;
the unwavering fidelity and firmness of the pa- (
triotie band of Senators and Representatives, to
whom the American People lo»k for preserving ~
the true principles of the Constitution, Law, ,
and Public Honor. |
Whig Convention in Virginia.
A convention of the Whigs of Virginia as- <
sembled at Richmond on the 23 i instant, over ‘
which the Hon. R. Watkins Leigh presided. ,
The Richmond Whig says:—“The attendance t
va* much {prater tluui u'ehiul any-uxpcso.tt m I
of, exceeding, as it, did, 200 delegates from the
country, r velusive ol the members of the Le
gislature. The spirit which animatad the Con
vention wa tnearly akin to that of 1810, and re
vived with great force the incidents ot that glo
rious era.
Mr. Leigh, on taking the Chair, delivered an
address —chaste, calm, cogent—worthy id’ his
ancient renown. We hope to be able to lay it
before our readers.
The committee reported an able Address Io
the People of Virginia—which in a spirit of
candor and truth, discusses all the great topics ,
of public interest. It will not fail to make a
lodgement in the minds of the peeople. The
Address’ was unanimously adopted.
Resolutions approving the recommendation of
the Whigs of Congress, for a National Conven
tion—declaring the preference of the Whigs of
Virginia, for HENRY CLAY,-and referring the
electian of a Vice President to the National
Convention, were adopted.
Several eloquent and animated speeches were
made, at intervals, by gentlemen from various
quarters of the State: among others, by Mr.
Faulkner, Mr. Taylor, of Norfolk, Mr. Hubard,
Mr. Langhorne, Mr. Irving, of Amherst, and
Mr. Lyons.- But one sentiment animated the
whole—a settled conviction that the Whig party
is as powerful as ever, and a firm determination
to make its power felt.
The Convention adjourned in the finest spirit
—under the influence of the charming eloquence
of Watkins Leigh—which touched and anima
ted every boson:.”
Alabama Legialature.
The Montgomery Journal says:—The Legis
lature adjourned on Wednesday last, the 15th
instant. The session has continued ten week's,
and has been an arduous and laborious one—
much important work pregnant both of good and
evil has been accomplished, more of good though
we confess than we had ever dared to hope.—
The Bank and tax questions have been manful
ly met and disposed of—for this deserved praise,
and the future will award it. The acts and res
olutions of the legislature amount to 336 in
number. No stay bill, relief bill, or any bill
regulating the time of payment of bank debts
passed, tire laws in that respect stand as before.
Election of Mayor of Nei\ Orleans.—
The Picayune of 21st inst. says:—Yesterday
morning the polls were opened in this city for
the election of Mayor. There was a ciear field
opened for two opponents —William Frkret,
Esq., as the candidate of the wings, and Joseph
Genois, Esq., the candidate of the democrats.
At 5 o'clock, P. M., lhe polls were closed and
lhe votes counted out. Mr. Freret was elected
by a majority of 315.
The Difference.—A recent report made to
Congress by the actingcomptroller, shows that
the Government has lost $2,310,816 by its con
nectioh with local .and private pet Banks. Du
ring the forty years of its continuance, the Na
tional Bank collected and disbursed more than
lour hundred millions of dollars of the govern
ment money, without the expense of a dollar or
a loss of a dollar to the Treasury.
Tennessee.—The two parties in Tennessee
are already marshalling their forces for the next
contest. James C. Jones, the present able and
patriotic Whig Governor, is the candidate ol our
friends, and James K. Polk, the late rejected, is
in die field as the candidate of the locofoeos.
5* The American Sentinel, a Tyler organ, at
Philadelphia, announces as if officially, that
Secretary Forward will leave the Treasury De
partment and return to Pittsburgh in April next.
Repealing Charters. —Ohio has commenc
ed the work ot repealing charters. The bill to
repeal the charter incorporating lhe Columbus
and Sandusky turnpike company, passed both
houses and is now a law.
Anti-Repudiation.—ln the Senate of Indiana
:a joint resolution declaring that the State ot In
diana has no idea of repudiating any portion ol
her State debts and giving the reasons which have
caused lhe failure on her part to pay herinterest
as it becomes due, was passed by a vote of 25 to
7. We like to see this healthy tone extending
itself.
Minority Report.
The m inority of the committee, assenting to
most ol the reasons and to lhe conclusion pre
sented by the majority against the prayer ol the
memorialists, asking for the Federal Govern
ment to issue $200,000,000 of public stock in aid
of the debts of the States, would also urge, in
addition, (without pretending to' go into any
thing like a full developement of their reasons,)
that they deem the exercise of such a power on
the part ol the General Government unauthori
zed by the Constitution.
The minority have always been induced to
believe that the Federal Constitution was a
compact to which the States acceded and be
came parties, and that the powers of the Gov
ernment accrued from that compact and were
defined in it. Before Congress is authorized to
act upon any subject-matter, it must first be
such a subject overwhich power is specifically
granted in that instrument, or clearly to be in
terred as absolutely necessary to carry out some
granted power. They can see no positive grant
of power to Congress to authorize them to do
what the memorialists desire.
To assume such a debt, and to create such a
stock binding upon posterity, is a very high ex
•ereise of sovereign power, and is in itself inde
pendent and substantive, and eannot be inferred
as incidental to a grant over inferior subjects.
There is a clause in the Constitution which
declares that “Congress shall have power to
lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and exci
ses, to pay the debts and provide for the com
mon defence and general welfare of the United
States.” (Sec. Bth.) This power was not giv
en to pay the debts of the several States of this
Union, but to pay the debts of “the U. States.”
These words define the confederacy of States as
a whole, and as contradistinguished from the
separate and several States. To assume that
this power was given to authorize the Govern
ment to pay the debts of the separate States con
tracted solely for their benefit and for their local
purposes, is to allow the different States to con
tract debts, and, through the Federal Govern
ment, to bind others to pay them, which would
make this Government subservient to local in
terest. and to State authority, and thus absorb
“the general welfare of the United States.”
If this should be the established principle of
the Government, it would be directly stimulat
ing each. State into a wild career of reckless
speculation, which would inevitably end in
their separate existence, or in a consolidated
despotism, where even their boundaries would
be forgotten amid the universal despair that
would follow the overthrow of constitutional
liberty.
The terms “general welfare” in the Constitu
tion were designed as a mere declaration of ex
treme caution; and the true intent and meaning
of those who used them was, that they should
be a limitation to the apparently absolute and
uncontrolled power, given in the same clause,
“to lay and collect taxes,” “to pay the debts,”
ft was intended that this power should not
be used wantonly or unjustly, but that Congress
should strictly consult the “general welfare of
the United States,” and carry out the same only
by confining its full exercise to objects specifi
cally enumerated in that instrument, and which
are thereby declared to be national. Those
powers were not intended to be applied to local
interests or to State debts, but to those great na
tional objects which were specifically declared
by grants of power to be within the jurisdiction
ofthe General Government.
11 is not denied but that the Government is one ’
of limited powers, and that the Constitution is
intended to define those powers. By merely
assuming that it is national, you eannot effect
objects not enumerated, or essentially necessary
to those that are. The Convention has precise
ly defined the objects or powers that are nation
al, mid Congress cannot legally undertake to de
clare that we shall also be national lot other pur
poses not defined in the Constitution.
To do so is to do nothing more nor less than
claim that Congress shall set up its own discre
tion as to the objects of “general welfare,” in
stead of confining its action to the specific enu
merated powers ofthe Constitution itself. If
the “general weltare,” be lhe only limitation on
lhe discretion of Congress, why then any enu
meration of powers at all ? All power was at
once given, and the judgment ol Congress was
thereby declared to be the Constitution of the
Confederacy. What right have we to set aside
the judgment ofthe Convention? They chose,
by enumerating the powers, to show what were
intended to be national objects; and the very
enumeration excludes the idea of legislation up
on objects not enumerated.
In all civilized countries the line which lim
its the power of Government as to taxation is
tile line that defines enlightened liberty.
The minority consider the proposition to
pledge the faith of this Government tor the re
demption of $200,600,000 of public stock, to re
lieve the States or pay their debts, as involving
the whole taxing power of the Government.
It is a proposition to tax posterity, not for the
existence and independence of the Confedera
cy, but for purposes unknown to the Constitu
tion, and at war with those principles of liberty
which secure to a tree people the practical right
to tax themselves alone, and to be protected
from thejawless profligacy of those who
havertsstrme.rtnbinirnTcmln all Innue-tHuv.
There are some of '.lie Stales that owe noth
ing, and many but little; and to compel them
to become jointly Hable, by the action of this
Federal Government, for the debts of the other
States, would be an act of such gross injustice
to them that it would create feelings hostile to
the permanency of the Union. The strength of
our Union consist:.- in the Government acting
with wise forbearance upon subjects of doubtful im
ports in doing exact justice to all the parts, in im
posing efnal burdens, an t mildly shedding around
equal blessings to all. By such a course it will
generate feelings of devoted attachment in a loy
al and free people, who will be ever ready to de
fend it from aggressions abroad or from treason
at home. The strength ofthe Government does
not consist in arbitrary or great power, but in
the attachment of an intelligent people to those
great principles which make them free and
equal. If the Government assume a doubtful
power, the exercise of which creates palpable
injustice to whole communities, its operation
will alienate the feelings of those who suffer
and loosen tlte bonds that keep the Confederacy
together.
The creation of such a government debt would
only end in taxing the productive industry of the
country for lhe benefit of stockholders and spec
ulators.. Those who deal in Government funds
andliveby the fluctuations of papermight am.ass
fortunes; hut the great laboring class would be
beyond the reach of its benefits, whilst they
would be made finally to feel its burdens in .lhe
future taxation of Government to meet the vast
obligations thus incurred. It is wildand vision
ary to suppose that the creation of such stock
would add any thing to the national wealth. It
would only tend to make the industrious and
solvent liable for the debts ofthe abandoned and
profligate. The first immediate effect would be
to swell expansion and stimulate a bloated paper
currency, which would be ielt in foreign ex
changes setting against us, and a consequent
demand for gold and silver to adjust balances.
It would place our local currency above the lev
el of the currency of the world, and create a
drain for our specie to equalize it This of
course would inevitably end in an explosion
like lhe Mississippi bubble or the French assig
nats. Without intending to go into a full argu
ment, but merely to suggest the general grounds
of opposition, the minority look upon the whole
scheme as unconstitutional, wild, and visionary
and full of fraud and the grossest injustice.
The undersigned, therefore,propose that the
resolution of the committe be amended, by add
ing thereto the following words:
Resolved, further, That to adopt the recom
mendation of the said memorialists would be un
constitutional and dangerous to the harmony of
the Union. F. W. PICKENS, "
J. W. JONES,
C.G. ATHERTON.
Curious Duellinoßuj-—The New. Orleans
Picayune gives the annexed account of a singu
lar bill introduced into the Louisiana Legisla
ture :
“Col. Phillips, agreeably to previous notice,
introduced yesterday his bill for the repeal ofall
existing laws against duelling, and for the estab
lishment of a court of honor. The bill as its
title imports, repeals all laws now on the statute
book for the suppression ofduelling. It provides
that the Governor appoint the court of honor,
which shall consist of five members; that a ma
jority of them shall form a quorum; that to them
all difficulties bt tween gentlemen shall be sub
mitted by their respective seconds; that on an
investigation of the affair by the court, such
reparation or apology shall be made by the par
ties as the court shall point out, or should the
court decide that recourse shall be had to mor
tal combat, then, and in that case, the court shall
have power to select weapons and choose time
and place; and lastly, that should the parties, in
opposition to the decision of the court, meet in
mortal combat, they shall then be tried by a court
II of competent jurisdiction, and if found guilty ot
disobeying the court of honor, shall be impris
oned in the penitentiary for life.
“The bill certainly has great novelty, as well
as originality, but how far its provisions can be
made to apply to the suppression of duelling, we
are not prepared to say. Every man in the State
however, knows that the present laws against
duelling, whether for prevention or punislime.it,
are a dead letter—a legal three—all leather and
prunella; so that should Mr. Phillip’s bill pre
vail, society can be no sufferer by the substitute
and may even be improved by it.”
New York, February 22.
The sales of Cotton are about 600 bales,
showing a decline ot )to Jc per lb. No sales
of Genesee Flour, and stock light—some can
I■■ had under $4 75. There is an advance in
New Orleans; a parcel of good brand sold at
$137, and handsome flat hoop sells at 4 50.
A dividend of three per cent, payable on the
Ist of Marclt, has been declared by the Man
hattan Gas Light Company.
Chancellor Kent presided at a meeting of the
Bar held this morning, in reference to the de
cease of then Hou. Peter A. Jay.
This morning about nine o’clock, the seamen
and apprentices ofthe Somers, confined on sus
picion of mutiny, were brought before the Re
l corder. They were remanded to the county jail,
. and their case will come up again to-morrow.
' Maltreatment is the plea set up why those in
confinement why they should be discharged.
i Snow has been falling some four hours past,
r and still continues. However, it melts almost
as soon as it touches the ground.
Correspondence qf the N. O. Tropic.
Cotton Culture in India.
NUMBER FOUR.
To the Editors of the Tropic:
In the last number, I confined my remarks to
the experiment as tried on a large and practical
scale —the results of which are the only satis
factory data from w-hich may be drawn rational
conclusions as to the practicability of making
India an extensive cotton growing country
The trial has never before been made, under
circumstances to satisfy the minds ot the curi
ous and interested.' Hasty deductions have
been drawn from partial results, and these have
been given publicity as well as established facts,
which have led those who really desire informa
tion on the subject into error, and a general
misapprehension of the whole matter. The
opinions that have gained currency on this sub
ject, have been based upon the information pub
lished at different times, by one ol the Ameri
cans who has had the superintendence of the
experiment in Bengal. Upon what grounds
this information rests, I confess I am wholly
unacquainted; all that-1 have seen appears to
be an extravagant description of what the wri
ter anticipates, and not the results ot experiment,
periment. These statements from this source,
still more extraordinary to me, because 1 have
been in correspondence with the person in ques
tion and his co-operators, and all the informa
tion I have ever received from this quarter, and
I believe I have had the true results of the ex
periments tried in Bengal, contradicts most un
equivocally the statements that have been pub
lished. One thing is certain—the success so
much spoken of and hoped for, has never as
yet transpired, and the results have never been
shown. The only results of the trial in Bengal
I have ever seen published, was an account of,
I think, fourteen bales of cotton raised by Mr.
Finnie. Those who examined it thought it
was a good sample of native cotton, but were
much astonished when informed that it was the
produce of the American seed and culture —so
much in one year had it degenerated. These
representations then, since they have no found
ation in fact, 1 take lor granted are the offspring
ot some other cause than the conviction, that
any foreign cotton can ever be introduced and
grown to advantage in India. ■
-'Another source of erro»- on this Question has
been, the naturwand partial success of the ex
periments that have been tried at different times;
but even the most complete success, under lhe
circumstance that marked the conduct of these
experiments'; would be no criterion by which to
judge ofthe practicability of growing the same
article on a large scale. The force of this re
mark will be more clearly seen, when the re
sults of the experiment spoken of in the last
number, are placed in contrast with those of a
grander experiment tried at the same time—an
account of which I will give in this number.
All the experiments that have been heretofore
tried by the Government, have been little else
than tests of the possibility of bringing to matu
rity, under the most favorable circumstances,
certain exotic cottons. The attention given to
the culture of the plant, could not be surpassed
by the fostering care of a nursery. We know,
that by artificial means and the most careful at
tention, exotic plants may be introduced and
brought to maturity in the most ungenial and
forbidding climates; but no one possessed of
reason, would tor a moment suppose that, be
cause a jtlant may be reared in a hot-house, it
can be introduced into the country as a growth
of general use, or that it can be made the staple
production of the country. And yet the opin
ions afloat, particularly in England, relative to
the culture of cotton in India, appear to be still
more extravagant and absurd than the case I
have supposed—for with all the cate and atten
tion that can be bestowed upon the foreign cot
tons it has attempted to introduce into the coun
try, they have never been produced in the same
perfection that they are in their native or more
genial climates.
In addition to the experiments—a full ac
count of which I have already given—another
attempt was made to grow the American seed,
under more favorable circumstances, and on a
smallerscale. In a garden attached to the resi
dence occupied by the Americans, was planted
a small quantity of American and Sea Island
■seed. The results here were decidedly more
flattering. This garden was planted simulta
neously with the fields—the soil, however, was
in a much better condition, having been culti
vated during the dry season, as a garden, and
AOnstantlj' irrigated, it yielded most beautifully
to the operation of the plough. Much attention
had been given, as is usual with garden spots,
to secure it against the influence of the rains, by
filling up the low places and by digging ditches
to carry otf the superabundance of rain water.
With these advantages, the plant was well
guarded against lhe jirejudiciai effects of the
violent rains—the cultivation was most com
plete—and the growth of the cotton was rich
and luxuriant—so much so as to be a disadvan
tage, fer the expansion of the plant was so rap
id that it consumed an undue proportion of that
substance, a goo dy share of which was neces
sary to the proper developement of the bolls.
The continued wet weather had the effect to
imikc the plant shed its forms, and so thick and
’' •■ I. r.t s.. .. tii.it manx of f n..
juicy polls rolled before c.omtng to maturity.
With thesi- advantages, the plants grew fairly
throughout the whole monsoon, and when the
rains ceased the branches were sufficiently ex
tended to shield the earth’s surface against the
scorching het t, thereby preserving its moisture
and obviating the blighting effects experienced
by the cottons in the fields from the same cause.
Another advantage this cotton had, was a time
ly resort to irrigation, which, from the nature
of the country, can never be practised on a
large scale. This spot having received great
attention irom those who had tilled it as agar
den, was found more cultivable than the fields,
and received every advantage of the most ap
proved cultivation. Notwithstanding all the
advantages under which this experiment had
been conducted, and the apparent success of the
trial, the cotton yielded was found to have de
generated, and was inferior in qualitj' to the
same article produced in America. As this
plant advanced to maturity, a hidden and un
looked for enemy was discovered. In almost
ever}' £ol 1, with scarcely a solitary exception,
had generated a small worm, which destroyed
generally from a third to a half, and sometimes,
the whole boll.
At the same time, and under the same cir
cumstances, were planted a few rows of Sea Is
land seed, and the results were precisely the
same, except that ifte Sea Island was much la
ter coming to maturity.
From the partial success of this garden ex
periment, have originated some of the accounts
favorable to the opinion, that cotton will atsome
time be produced in abundance in India. Any
comment on an opinion resting on such grounds
is unnecessary—the facts speak for themselves 1
and produce the most satisfactory refutation.
All that I have said ot the cotton experiment
tried in the j’ear 1841, under the superintend
ence of the American planters, have been rela
tive to that tried in the Bombay Presidency. At
the same time, and under the same auspices,
the attempt was made to introduce the Ameri
can seed and mode of cultivation into Madras
and Bengal. The trial in Madras, was made
in the district of Coimbatoon. The results, as
I have seen described in a letter from one ot the
party, who superintended the conduct of the ex
periment, were precisely the same as those that
happened in Bombay. The information we
have from Bengal, is more equivocal and less
satisfactory. But from all that I have seen from
the most credible sources, by private correspon
dence, I am induced to believe that the experi
ment in Bengal has not been more successful
than in the other Presidencies. The plan of
operations was more extensive, and the circum
stances more favorable, having warmly receiv
ed the approbation and favor of Lord Aukland,
then Governor General of India. These expe
riments were tried tn lhe upper provinces, prin
cipally on the bank: of the Jttmma, and contig
uous districts.
I have now- given a statement of the impor
tant and leading facts in connection with this
cotton scheme, that has excited so much inter
est in different parts of the world. This paper
has grown to too great a length to enter into a
separate discussion of any ot these points to
which I have alluded, which do not satisfactori
ly appear in this narrative; but which have a
most important bearing in the issue of this ques- (
tion.
From what has already been said, it will ap
pear that the chief causes of lhe failure ot this
experiment, have been the exhausted condition
ofthe soil, and the violence of the climate.—
Some parts of India are astonishingly fertile,
when we consider the length of time and the
manner in which it has been cultivated. None
are more so than the plains of Guzerat, but this
soil, as has been shown by repeated experiments,
is not only unfavorable, but inimical to all exo
tic cottons. By far, however, the larger portion
of the peninsula is completely, exhausted, and
unproductive, scarcely yielding a subsistence to
the cultivator. Were this the only obstacle,
time and industry might remove it. But it
scarcely merits consideration, when we contem
plate the more blighting foe—theclimate. It is
a well known fact to farmers in this country,
that both a long drought, or a continued season
of wet weather are equ: Uy causes of short crops,
in India both of Bese difficulties are to be con
tended with, when clotjied in their sternest fea
tures. In fine, the rains begin and cetse in
September, then succeeds a season of nine
months of withering drought and heat. r, '~>
mention these facts to a practical farmer, is puir
ficient to produce a conviction that India can
never compete with America in the growth of
cotton. W.
Dickens’ Fat Boy surpassed.—According
o the Boston Allas, there is at the Museum in
hat city, a little fellow of 11 years of age, who
measures five feet two inches, and weighs 265
pounds! His flesh is stated to be remarkably
firm, and his health good.
Oregon.—The London Times complains of
the ill-timed and unconciliatory proceedings in
the U. S. Senate, providing for the occupation
•1 Oregon: says that the representatives of Eng
land must insiston strict and speedy justice, and
advises that the Chinese fleet lie kept in sailing
orders until such justice is secured.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 1.
Gctt. Jack-,>,Fint.
We have availed out elf of lhe labor ot lhe
Baltimore American, to [>re. ent to our readers
to-day a synojisis ofthe very able report of Mr.
Pearce, of Maryland, to the House of Repre
sentatives, on the proposition to remit the fine
imposed by Judge Hall on Gen. Jackson. Th •
importance which has recently been attached to
this question by tin- demagogues of the day, has
excited a deep interest among many readers to
understand fully its merits, and we have there
fore embraced the earliest opportunity to lay
this document before our readers, from which
they can judge as well as ourself, with what
justice the friends of Gen. Jackson, at this late
day, ask the money to be refunded by tlte gov
ernment. We ask a careful perusal of the sy
nopsis, and have to express our regret that our
limits would not permit the insertion of the re
port entire, with all the arguments ot the Com
mittee. The synopsis is, however, sufficiently
copious to afford the attentive reader all the pro
minent facts.
Drysdale, Esq., has been
appointed Attorney of the United States for the
District ot Georgia, in the place of S. Cohen,
resigned.
Morals in New York.—The .Methodist E
piscopal Church, Duane street, New York, was
robbed of sixty yards of carpeting and the cover
of the communion table. 1
Anothf.li Land Slide at Troy ! —There was
another Avalanche at Troy Tuesday night, as
formidable in extent as the recent one, but for
tunately not destructive of life. Tiie earth re
moved was situated immediately south of the
O’The New York Express say- that not
withstanding the large amount of Specie that
has come in the Acadia, it is believed that the
Great Western, on the way will have as much
onboard. Already more insurance is wanted
on it than the offices can take.
GEN. JACKSON’S FINE. . -
mh. fearce’s report.
A very clear and able Report on the subject
of Gen. Jackson's line has been submitted to
the House of Representatives bj' Mr. J. A.
Bearce, of Md., iiom-the Judiciary Committee.
The case’presented i.sclf to the Committee in
two aspects, ia neither of which they have beeru
able to pereeiv the propriety of refunding the
line. Considered as a reward for the military
services of Gen. Jackson, which are admitted
to have been meat, it is evidently inadequate.
In the other view ol tlie subject, considered as a
measure ot justice to relieve the General from
a sentence undeservedly imposed, the Commit
tee have investigated tiie facts of the case tho
roughly wit l out discovering that any injustice
was committed by the exaction ofthe fine.
The Report gives a succinct narration of the
circumstances connected with the invakion ot
the British, and tlieirexpulsion ftom Louisiana.
The Legislature was in session when General
Jackson arrived al New Orleans to take com
mand oi the American forces, and that body
acted vigorously in taking proper measures for
the public safety. Money was voted to Com.
Patterson to facilitate his naval operations; an
embargo was laid upon all vessels and barges
then in the port of New Orleans; the Governor
was authorised to call upon the inhabitants of
such parishes as he might think proper, and to
despatch negro laborers to work at the different
fortification.-; but the Legislature refused to
pass an act to suspend the privilege of the h,/-
beas corpus. On the 15th of December, 1811,
Gen Jackson issued his proclamation announ
cing his “unalterable determination to execute
the martial law in all cases which may come
within his piovince.” Before his arrival, says
the Report, he had been informed that there
were many disaffected persons in the State,
which doubtless was his belief when he issued
his proclamation. The Committee think this
was a great misapprehension of the patriotism
and virtue ofthe people of Louisiana, as suit
sequent events proved.
The glorious results ofthe conflict ofthe Bth
of January ate well known. The British re
linquished their designs upon New Orleans. —
On the 18th their camp was evacuated and the
troops returned to their shipping. On the 19th
Gen. Jackson wrote tot he Secretary ot War in
these words:
“There is in my mind, ary little doubt tha'. kis
(the enemy’s) last exertions have been made in
this quarter, at any ride far the present, sasun,"
and, “ Ibeliei'-: you. iiull- no! think uie too sanguine
iirij'' On tlie'tilst m'.Tanuaiy,*ffie General and
his army returned in triumph to New Orleans,
where tins brilliant campaign was celebrated by
the most animated festivities and public con
gratulations. The Report goes on to state :
In his address to the army of January 2tst,
General Jackson says: “Natives of different
States, acting together for the first time in camp,
differing in habits and language, instead of’
viewing in these circumstances the germe of
distrust an t division, you have made them the
source of an honorable emulation, and from the
seeds of discord it: elf have reaped the fruits of
an honorable union.”
In his letter to the Mayor of New Orleans,
of the 27th January, he declares himself “deep
ly impressed, since hi.s arrival, with the una
nimity and patriotic zeal displayed by the citi
zens:” and prays him to t “communicate to
them the exalted sense he entertains of their
patriotism, love of order, and attachment to the
principles of our excellent Constitution.” He
praises their courage, fortitude, and libeiality
to the sick, wounded, and to the families of
those who v ere in the field. Latour, the histo
rian of the campaign', himsclt the friend and
eulogist of the General, says that “all the in
habitants of Louisiana, without distinction of
birth, color, age, or sex, vied in zeal lor the ser
vice of their country, and strained every nerve
to repulse the enemy. Their conduct, through
out the campaign’, is the most emphatic refuta
tion of the unju.-t charges of their calumnia
tors.”:
On the 6th of February, the Legislature, who
were doubtless satisfied that a renewed invasion
was not tt> be apprehended; and that, in any
event, the territory of the State was secure from
all danger, adjourned sine die. On the 18th of
the same month, Mr. Livingston, one of Gen.
Jackson’s aids, who had visited the British fleet
then lying off Mobile, with a flag of truce, re
turned with the information, derived from the
admiral, that a treaty of peace had been con
cluded at Ghent between the commissioners of
two nations. The information was contained in
a London paper, which had been forwarded to
the admiral from Jamaica, and, though not offi
cial, it was received without distrust, end dif
fused a general joy throughout the ciiy.lt
Who could imagine that in such a slate of
things, when the enemy had been driven iro n
our shores with disgrace and defeat, when all
classes of the people had devoted themselves to
the defence of the State the only strife between
them being who should most distinguish him
self for courage, fortitude anil patience:—when
more than a month had elapsed sin-e the de
feat of that enemy, when lhe intelligence of
peace, though not officially communicated, had
been received ftom a credible source; and when,
if there had been any reasonable distrust of its
truth, the means of defence had been so greatly
augmented that there could be no further rea
sonable apprehension of the enernvr=irm>rtr u
state of things, who conld th’nk the command
inggeneral justified, by “an overwhelming ne
cessity,” in the e.mimu .nee ot marti. I law, at..l
in enforcing lui'it.ity ui-cipline, 4iot ujou toe
soldier's merely, but upon citizens, exempts, and
alien friends—suspending the functions of all,
even the municipal and federal and
subjecting private rights to the .control of his
iron will? Who can wonder that the generous
forbearance and patriotic submission of the
people should at l.i-t yield to the impatience cf
a restraint which no law sanctioned and no ne
cessity justified. it is an invariable rule, appli
cable a- well in ethics as in law, that whenever
the necessity which alone justifies a particular
act ceases, the authority to do that act passes
away too. Now, if it be admitted that, when
martial law was proclaimed at New Orleans,
there was such an'overwhelming necessity for
it, as abrogated the Constitution arid all laws,
who can pretend that such necessity continued
at the time of which the committee speak.
i What this martial law is, which tbits claims
to over-ride constitutional and civil rights, the
committee will inquire in a subsequent part ot
this report. They now propose to state the facts
which brought the military in collision with the
civil authority.
Among the defenders of New Orleans were
certain French subjects, resident in Louisiana,
but not naturalized, to whom peculiar privile
ges had been secured by the treaty of cession for
the period of twelve years, not then expired.—
These men, though not liable to military duty,
volunteered, with the characteristic chivalry of
lhe glorious nation to which they belonged, to
dtttcnd flip S.tate under whose protection they
were sojourning, qt;d ;ljey displayed, (said Geri.
Jackson.) a zeal as honorable h: themselves as
it wafr grateful to the commander. (8 Njjes’
Register, 122 )
But when the defeat of the enemy, and lhe
news or rumor of peace had filled the whole
community with rejoicing, they felt that they
were entitled to repose and exemption from fur
ther military service. For this reason they ap
plied to the French Consul for certificates of na
tional character.
Gen. Jackson seents to have been reluctant to
have his forces diminished by their withdrawal
from the army, and to have thought that others
not entitled were receiving these certificates,
and on the 26th of February he issued a gene
ral order, directing all French subjects having
the certificate of the French Consul, counter
signed by the commanding general, to repair to
the interior, not short of Baton Rouge, a dis
tance of 120 miles from New Orleans, and de
claring that notice would be taken of such as
Troy !—There was
f Tuesday night, as
recent one, but for
life. Tiie earth re
liately south of the
might remain after the 3d ofMarch. (1.) This
order was considered a violation, as well ofthe
treaiy ti, ",lii us th- ' Frenchmen, of the l.ni
•if the land, which attlhuriaed the President ol
the United States only to adopt such measures
against alien enemies, whose removal might be
required by Hie public safety. It was also be
lieved to be unnecessary and harsh in the ex
treme towards men who had just perilled their
lives in voluntary defence of the country. So
general was this semiureut, that all the officers
and soldiers of Plauche’s battalion, and of La
coste and Daequins, which were the New Dr
leans troops, petitioned the Commander in Chief
to suspend the order. On lhe Blli of Marell, the
General, in compliance with their request, did
suspen.i bis order, except as to the Chevalier
Toßssarde, the French Consul, who -as banish
ed the city. (2.)
In the meantime, however, to wit: on Friday
the 3d March, a communication on the subject
was published in the Louisiana Courier, which
was ascertained to be the production of Mr.
Louallier, the elder. This gentleman was no
discontented, disorganizing, seditious person,
but an active intelligent member of the Legisla
ture, and a good, loyal and patriotic citizen. It
was he who, in December, 1811, had obtained
the grant from the Legislature of $6900 to fur
nish clothing tor the destitute militia; he report
ed and recommended to the Legislature the em
bargo law, by which Commodore Patterson’s
vessels were manned, and the appropriation of
$:>0(M), out of which the bounties to the seaman
were paid.
Though, as a membei of the Legislature, ex
empted by the laws of the State from miiitaiy
service, not merely during the session, but w ith
out limitation, (3) he was not useless during lhe
time of hostilities; he was one of the commit
tee appointed to afford relief to the sick and
wounded and destitute; and, as such, exerted
himself with indefatigable diligence.
Unfortunately for him, however, he had, on
the 14th December, reported, in the Louisiana
House of Representatives, against the suspen
sion of the habeas corpus Set which the Gener
al and Governor had recommended. This
seems to have beet! his sole demerit. In the
communication before mentioned be complain-
Ttff, temperate manner ofthe general order of
■' as violating the pri viiec. s
mßHJHMvsidents. He denied lije right of
the ctimmander-in-cliiefto banish them, and in
sisted that “it was time for rise laws to resume
their empire ;” “that enough having been done
for glory, the time for moderation had arrived
and, finally, “that the acts of authority which
the invasion ol our country and its safety may
have rendered necessary, are, since the evacua
tion of it by the enemy, m> longer compatible
with our dignity and our oath of making the
Constitution respected.”
For the publication of this article (on Sunday,
the sth of .'.larch,) Mr. Louallier was arrested
by a military force, and, by the older of Gener
al Jackson, committed to prison. At the mo
ment of his arrest, he applied to P. L. Morrell,
Esq., to take legal measures for his release.
Mr. Mufrell immeJiately drew up apetition to
Judge Hall, of the U. Stales district court for
a ha beas corpus in behalf of Louallier, which
he presented to him at his own house; alter
some reflection, the Judge signed the order for
the issuing of lhe writ, but suggested to the
coitL.-el tliat lieflmuld notify General Jackson
that the writ had been awarded. (4.) This
was done in the course of the day, upon which
General Jackson addressed an order to Colonel
Arbuckle, alleging that he had received proof
that J.i.tge If ill tail been exciting mutiny in his
camp, and ordering bis arrest; about 8 o’clock
the same evening, the Judge was arrested by a
party of sixty soldiers, commanded by Major
Butler, and confined in prison lor awarding the
sacred writ of habeas corpus, which it pleased
General Jackson to consider as proof of itis aid
ing, abetting, and exciting mutiny!! (5.)
Before the arrest ofthe Judge,Mr. Claiborne,
the clerk of the district court, to whom Mr.
Morrell had delivered the petition and order,
observed that it was dated the Gth. Apprehend
ing this to be a mistake, as the day was the sth,
lie waited on the Judge and suggested the error,
which he at once corrected, by changing the fi
gure 6to 5. Between 10 and It o’clock of the
same evening, the clerk was called on by Major
Chotard, one of General Jackson’s aids, v.+.o
procured a written order from the General,
which he said required the clerk to give up the
original order of Judge Hall, awarding the ha
beas corpus. This ha very properly Refused to
do, because it was aeotntpaper which his
sworn duty required him to keep. A bout l2o’-
clock, however, he waited on the General, who
asked lor the paper, which was handed him.
He read it, observed the alteration in the date,
and asked what all this juggling was about.
The clerk assured him there was no juggling,
and explained the cause ofthe altered date,
when the General .-aid he sliottld keep the pa
per.
To the remonstrance of the clerk he said he
should take the responsibility, but would give
him a certified copy, wliieit was done accor
ding! r. (6) Mr. Duplessis, tiiemarshal of the
district, was at General J.v-kson’s headquarters
on Sunday evenih.-.- about 9 o’clock when the
habeas corpus was the subject of conversation.
The OrAenil said he --litm s.moged the Judge,”
might improperly meldie with his camp, of
which he considered A .-w Orleans as forming a
part. The writ was issued on Munday morning,
and was served on Munday aftmuoun, alter the
hour of return. Titus were the constitutional
rights and personal liberty of the citizens want
only violated; the established forms of legal pro
ceeding disregarded and annulled; the majesty
ofthe law degraded, and the judicial ermine torn
and trampled upon.
On the day alter these arrests. Monday, the
6th March, General Jackson received despatches
from Washington city. (7) By some mistake
in the Postmaster General’s office, the official
despatch of the Secretary of War, informing
him ofthe ratification of the treaty ol peace, was
changed for one on another subject; but lie re
ceived an order ofthe Postmaster General,dated
February 14, 1815, stating that the bearer was
charged “with despatches relative to the state of
peace which batt taken place betwee»the United
States and Great Britain," and urging the for
warding the despatches with all possible hasle.
(3) On the same day General Jackson forward
ed a letter to General Lambert, commanding the
British forces off Mobile, informing him ol the
contents of the order troia the General Post
Oliice; and on the Bth lie disbanded the militia,
who had been levied en masse. (9) He
did not, however, relax the tigors of his mar
tial law. New Orleans was still his camp,
in which his will was the source of all power
and the rule of al! law, where no courts were
allowed to sit but courts martial, and where the
freedom ofthe press was in danger of something
worse than trie sedition law.
Neither Louallier nor Judge Hall was dis
charged, but both were kept in confinement, and
on the same 6th March on which lie learned
from the Postmaster General's order the fact of
peace, he directed the convening of a court mar
i 1 to try Louallier for his life. There were
seven charges, to wit: 1. Mutiny. 2. Exciting
mutiny. 3. General misconduct. 4. For be
ing a spy. 5. Illegal and improper conduct and
disobedience of orders. G. Writing a wilful and
corrupt libel!!! and, 7. “Unsoldierlike conduct
contrary to and inadmissible within the city i f
New Orleans and its environs, under an order
ofthe commanding general dated —■ day of De
cembei, 1814, declaring martial law to e.-rjst in
the city of New Orleans and its environ:-.” (10.)
The specification of these charges, which ate all
set forth in lhe documents appended to this re
port ate nothing more nor less than the publica
tion of the manly but temperate article before
mentioned, (which complained of the contin
uance ol martial In" an.t the illegal banishment
of the French residents,) and the constiuclion
which General Jackson thought proper to give
to that publication. FottunatelyforMr. Lottal
lier, tlte court, at the head of which was Gener
al Gaines, were not so latitudinarian in their
t iews otji.anial law as lhecommander-in-chief.
They -ibt.iiireJ Lret..Hu-i’s objection to ti t-ii
jurisdiction a.-, to ail the charges but the sth.
ok which4>e Mas tried. At his tri.:l he .-tood
| uHii-.- : an - pi.i.i-.i--1 no a-. i..<.::ee, no: ty reroheu
never to sanction Hie outrage upon constitution
al rights committed on Iris person.
The specifications of this charge were, that by
publishing the communication in question, he
h.ad violated the 56th and 57th articles of war,
wbhffi are as follows:
‘.‘Art. 56. Whosoever shall relieve the ene
my tyjth money, victuals, or ammunition, or
shall knowingly harbor or protect an enemy,
shall suffer death, or such other punishment as
shall be ordered by the sentence of a court mar
tial.”
“Art. 57. Whosoever shall be convicted of
holding correspondence with or giving intelli
gence to the enemy, either directly or indirectly
shall suffer death, or such other punishment as
shall be ordered by the sentence of a court mar
tial.”
Tlte evidence adduced by lhe judge advocate
(11) w. s, the proof ofthe publication in the
Courier, of tlieci'culatiou of that paper out of
tlte city, and that the prisoner was a | atriotic
citizen and useful member of lhe Legislature,
who had no prediliction tot the English Govein
emment. (12)
Such were the pretexts on which Louts Lou
allier wasdraggetl to prison and tried for hislite
by a military tribunal, two months after the
triumphant defeat of the British, mote than six
weeks after the General had written to the Sec
retary of War that the country was delivered
from the enemy, and after a nth intic, though not
official intelligence of peace had been received.
—Let it be observed, 100, that he was tried by a
court composed of officers of the regular army,
whereas, if he was a soldier at all, he was of the
militia, ano, by the rules for their government
(se -Gordon’s Digest, p, G7|, sec. 24(>5,) should
have been tried by officers ot the militia.
In fact, he was no soldier at all, not Laving
served in the ranks on any occasion, and lieing
expressly exempted, as a member ofthe Legis
lature, by the law oi Louisiana, without limita
tion as to the session of that body, (see Martin's
Digest, title Mililia;) which law of Louisiana
is in pursuance of the law of (Congress of March
8,1792, sec. 2.
On the 11th, he was acquitted by the court,
but was still kept in confinement by General
Jackson, and not discharged until official intel
ligence ofthe peace was received. On the same
day (11th March) Judge Hall who doubtless
owed his escape from the court martial to the
acquittal of Louallier was, by order of General
Jackson, conducted by a military guard about
4 miles irom New Orleans, and there “set at liber-
ty.”—On the 14th the general published hisgen
ii.ll orffi-i -, <li!-.i, : I hig the : i n:.' ol the
court niai linl, justily iir. ; Ins di claialiolt of uiai
tial lav., and claiming In.- light iiu.iei 111'.- ('in
stitution, to suspend the habeas corpus by such
declaration.
On the 22d Match, official in format ion of the
peace having been previously received, the law
re-established and the Judge at liberty, the dis
trict court ofthe United States again met, when
lhe affidavits of Col. Arbuckle, Major Winston
and others being taken in open court a rule was
laid on General Jackson to show cause why an
attachmentshouldnol be awarded against him
for a contempt in wresting from lhe clerk an
original paper of lhe court, in disobeying the
writ of habeas corpus and imprisoning the Judge.
All the proceedings on the part of the court
appear to have been accordingto lhe pioper mid
recognised forms. The General offered an an
swer, part of which objected to the jurisdiction
and course ofoproceeding; but the residue was,
as he himself styles it, “exposition of Ins eon
duct on every occasion into which it may be
drawn in question.” The court would not al
low this to be recorded, but, after circumspect
deliberation, declared that “the party might take
legal grounds to show that the attachment should
not issue, or take exception to the mode of pro
ceeding, or prove, f rom the affidavits offered,
that the facts charged do no> amount to a con
tempt.” Being satisfied that an attachment
should issue, interrogatories were proposed to
lhe General, which he refused to receive or
make any answer to; whereupon, the court sen
tenced him to pay a fine of one thousand dol
lars. This fine the General paid, and thus was
atonement made for the violated majesty ot the
law and the outraged rights of the citizens.—
Your committee think it is due to both that the
fine sheuld not be refunded; I hat the Legislature
should not reverse a judicial sentence which
nobly vindicates the first principles of civil lib
erty, and sustains the supremacy of the civil
authority.
In Lis general order of the 14th of March,
1815, Gen. Jackson expressly claimed the right
to.establish martial law and to suspend the ha
beas corpus. He expressed himself in these
words:
“The Con dilution of the United States se
cures to the citizen the most valuable privileg
es, yet tiiqgamt Constitution contemplates the
necessity of suspending the exercise of some in
order t.> secure the continuance of all. If it
authorize- the suspension ofthe habeas corpus,
in certain cases, it thereby impliedly admits the
operation of martial law, when, in lhe event oi
rebellion or invasion, public safety may require
it. Towhem does tne declaration of this law
belong? To the guardian oi the public safety;
to him who is to conduct the operations against
the enemy, whose vigilance is to descry danger,
and whose arms are to repel if!”
This claim of power for a military comman
der is so directly in violation of the Constitu
tion of the United Elates, the fundamental prin
ciples of free government, and the spirit of all
our institutions—it is so replete with future
danger to our liberties, and may be so perverted
to oilier dangerous consequences—that the com
mittee felt bound to expose its uttei fallacy.—
The Report accordingly proceeds to show by
abundant references to the Constitution of the
United States, and to decisions under it, to the
constitutions of various States, and to the de
cisions of English judges, that the martial law
which Gen. Jackson claimed to establish has
never been recognised in this republic, and that
it has no! been tolerated in England since the
time of William 111, that there is no martial
law known to the laws of the United States but
such as Congress has provided forthe govern
ment of the army ; and that the power of sus
pending the laws can he exercised only by
tiie supreme legislative authority. It is tardier
shown that tiie power of courts to punish for
come.apt is established both by the common
law and by a special statute; and as to Judge
Hall’s sitting in a case of contempt against
himself, which is one of lhe chief grounds ot
objection made by Gen. Jackson against the de
cision, it is deemed suffieientto say that it could
not be otherwise. Nocouitcantakecognizance
of a contempt but that against which it is com
mitted; and if there be only one judge, as iu the
District Court, Le must necessarily sit in the
case, or Hie contempt, however flagitious, must
go unpunished.
The result ofthe Committee's examination of
tiie whole subject is thus slated:
“The conclusions to which the committee
Lave come aie, that martial law -cas declared
at New Orleans by General Jackson with
out law, and in violation ol’ the Consitilu
tion ol tlie United States; that its continuance
up Pi march 14, 1815, was not only unsanetion
eu by law, but ti-jt excusable by necessity: that
the a.rest ami imprisonment of Louallier for
publishing an . itide in the Louisiana Courier,
was a vi-jlatio.-i of that right ofthe citizen to dis
cuss without tear the conduct of those in piower
which is inseparable .rom the idea cf a free
people, and a revival ofthe wors features of lhe
■sedition law; that his trial by a court martial
was in violation of the laws of the U. States,
mid of the State of Louisiana, which exempted
him from all military seryice; that his trial by
UltL’su’o-“mi f?Ae ij wuffiu'
tried at ail by a court martial, that it should be
composed of militia officers; that his detention,
after his acquittal by the court martial, was a
dangerous and despotic exercise ot power; that
General Jackson’s refusal to obey the writ of
habeas corpus, and his imprisonment of the
Judge, was a violation ofthe most sacred tight
of the citizen, yf the express provision of tiie
Constitution, andol the judicial independence,
and, together with hi.s seizure of an original
c»urt paper, v. as a contempt of court, fur which
he wasjuslly and legally fined.
“The committee regret that they have been
forced into this is investigation, 'i'hey would
have much preferred that the friendsol General
Jackson ha i been contented with the imperish
able glory won by his courageand military skill,
and the repeated proofs of national gratitude
which he has received. They were willing to
bnry in oblivion lhe memory of those transac
tions on which they have been compelled to ani
madvert. At the last session they consented
that a bill should be submitted, with such a re
port from the minority ofthe committee as they
thought proper. But the claim for remission of
the fine has now been placed on other grounds,
and the most unsound principles, as they think,
have been invoked to its aid. The House too,
with the bill before mentioned on their calendar,
Lave again referred the subject to this commit
tee, which they consider as instructions to ex
amine circumstances, they would have been re
creant to their duty if they had shrunk from the
performance of a most disagreeable tas.k.” ,
‘Latour's Appendix, No. 69.
f Latour’:' Appendix, No. 36.
tLatour, 228. See resolution of Congress in
Appendix.
ilLatour’s Appendix, No. -11.
SSee hjs letter to the Mayor of New Orleans,
and his order to the editor qf a newspaper, in
Niles’ Register, vol 8, p 71.
(1) Niles' Register, vol 9, p 122.
(2) Ibid.
(3) See the testimony to this effect before the
Court Martial; also Lamm’s Historical Memoir,
page 141. Resolution of the Legislature of Lou
isiana of 2d February, 1815. See Martin’s Di
gest, tjtle the Miiitia. See also Loualliei’s pamph
let of 1827.
(!) See Mr. Morreii's affidavit jn the record ap
pended to thh report.
(5) See Mr. Claiborne’s affidavit in the same.
(6) See bls affidavit in the record appended.
(7) See Latour p 318, and Niles’ Register, 8
vol. p 122.
i 8) Nile-’ Register, 8 vol p 122.
(9) Latour, p 219.
(10) Seville proceedings of the Court Martial
appended hereto.
(1!) See the proceedings of the Court Martial.
(12) Sec lhe testimony before the Court Mar
tial. ’
’ll. Clay iu I‘ennsylvanla.
The Fl.;!. iL-ljlH.t Forum appends loitsre
portol the proceedings oi the Whig Conven
;!. -I'•!! . !:u'an o':i,: of a mas- meeting
that look place ulier tile Convention adjourned,
which augurs well.
A great Clay meeting was held in lhe even
ing, over which Henry C. Corbit, Esq., of Phil
adelphia, presided, and speeches were made by
Morton Michael, Esq., Thos. E. Cochran, of
the Senate, Col. Smith, of Philadelphia, J. Bra
dy, Esq., oi' Franklin, and others, xvhich ad
journed with twelve cheers for CLAY!
And adds: The Convention was one of the
greatest out-pourings of the people ever wit
nessed in this or any other Stale, and is an earn
est of the dawning ol a bright and glorious fq
ture up >n the great and good cause. The num
ber of delegates in attendance cannot be accu
rately ascertained, but may be safely set down
al about ONE THOUSAND, all active, ar
dent and true-hearted Whigs, actuated by the
best feeling, and determined to spare no efforts
to effect a thorough organisation of the party in
Pennsylvania and ensure its triumph when the
hour of trial arrives. The number and spirit
of this Convention is but an evidence of enthu
siasm which prevails among the people. The
new era has commenced! The star of HENRY
CLAY is in the ascendant—a glorious victory
awaits us !
A Soap Plant.—The soldiers who recently
visited the Rio Grande, found a species of plant
which answered the purpose of soap. It is
said that the Mexicans make great quantities of
soap from the roots of this plant.
The Methodists of tuf. Union. —Accord-
ing to a statement submitted to the Georgia
Conference, tl.c members in lhe .Melhodi-t
Episeonal Church in the United Slates amount
to 1,635,21’. I.
Lkuislative Scene.—A most disgraceful
scene occurred in the Ohio Legislature a tew
days since, adding another to the list ofoutrages
which furnish food for foreigners in their repast
upon republican enormities. One Byington, a
Locotbco, having been very properly foiled by
lhe Speaker himself a Locotbco, in his attempts
to embarrass the House of Representatives in
its action on a particular bill sent to the chair a
resolution, purporting to be an amendment of
the bill, declaring “that the Speaker of the House
had forfeited all confidence as an impartial presi
ding officer, either from stupid ignorance of parlia
mentary law, or from a wilful mal-administratum
of it.”
TH ENT Y-S EVENTH CON GRESS.
W.< ■u:- .-.'<>■ FcLru.-l-.'
I SITED ST:..'LI... 1.1-.’.ATi..
Tiie Chair laid btforelbc- Senatenevetalcoiil
munications Irma the State Department. One
in relation to the operations ol th'- Bankrupt
Law, another giving the number of foreign ar
rivals, passengers included, at the different col
lection districts in the United Stales.
SIR ROBERT PEEL.
Mr. Archer laid before the Senate an extract
from’a letter of Edward Everett, upon the sub
ject ot the Speech of Sir Robert Peel, in refer
ence to the Healy.
The letter ot Mr. Everett expresses his great
surprise at the Speech ot Sir Robert, and par
ticularly that portion ot it which refers to the
omission to answer a letter of Lord Aberdeen
upon the subject of the light ot search.
Mr. Benton said he was always ready cut and
dried, and accordingly commenced by reading
the despatch of Mr. Everett, as read at lhechair.
He had given attention to tiie subject and was
ready to act upon it. He wished to know what
the understanding of lhe matter was by the Pre
sident.
Mr. Archer contended that there bad never
been any renunciation of the right to visit by
Great Britain. He admitted the truth of what
the minister of Great Britain said upon this
point. The right of search, it it bad ever been
maintained, was abandoned. The right of
search rested where it did before, with no prob
ability that in the execution of the treaty, it
would be exercised.
Mr. Benton said that it was not his intention
to go into the subject of maratime rights at all.
He should confine himself to the treaty alone.
One ol the high contracting parties construed it
one way, and another another way. Which
was right? This was a momentous question,
and involved perhaps a question of peace and
war. Who was right and who wrong? The
question was a practical one, and one of inter
est and principle. The sooner each party took
a stand the better. He should submit a i radi
cal proposition; and he hoped before that treaty
was executed, the Government would cease to
take any measure for the execution of lhe treaty.
What was lhe use ot executing the treaty when
there was a point of difference between the i ai
des involving a vital issue?
Mr. B. said lie understood the treaty ol 1842
to give up both the right ot search ar.<{ the right
o! visitation.
Mr. Buchanan said,-in his seat, “so did 1.”
The President, continued Mr. Benton, declar
ed that all pretence fur interference in our com
merce had been abandoned by Great Britain.
This was in the Message oi December. Search
and visitation were regarded as the same by‘he
President. He would enter into no disquisition
upon the sußjeet. Sir Robert Peel made a dis
tinction between search and visitation. The
President did not, and so far he rather agreed
with the President. There was very little dif
ference between stopping one upon the high
sear, and stopping and searching.
It was clear, Mr. Benton said, that the Brit
ish Government understood the treaty one way,
and that it would be maintained by them the
way it was understood. We understand it dif
feremlj', and lie was opposed, under the cir
cumstances, to making any appropriations for
its execution. He wished to know, 100, what
the President designed to do in the present state
of things. The Senate should stand where it is
—at all events until more is known upon the
subject. It was the fate of weakness to wail
for events. It was the course of wisdom to look
ahead.
Mr. Henderson said it was known to all, that
before the ratification ofthe treaty, the question
of the right of search and visitatisn was much
discussed. In voting for the treaty he did not
believe that Senatois understood they were vo
ting :.n opinion upon this difference between
the iwo. He did understand, though, in voting
for the treaty, that Great Britain waived till
pretence to the right of .search. So tar as he
thought of the subject, this xvas his opinion.
He believed it was the opinion of the Senate.
Mr. Archer contended that the construction
ofthe treaty was toe same by this Government
and by Great Britain, and it conformed to the
principles laid down by the Senator from Mis
souri. The Senator he was sure, would admit
this; but for his unwillingness to agree with the
negotiations. He would rather abandon his
own principles perhaps than do this. Mr. Ar
cher argued. that the question of difference was
not so material as Senatois wished to make it.
Great Britain had tor a long time contended
that she would nut give up the right oi v isita
tion and search. We claimed that she should
do this, and we arrived at some compromise of
the matter by the terms of the treaiy. There
would be no visitation exercised, and the right
of search was abandoned.
Mr. A lien next addressed the Senate, repeat
ing the views ot Mr. Benton. He was for a
bandoning the treat)' entirely, and beginning
discussion and negotiation anew. We had
gained nothing by the recent treaty but a new
quarrel.
Mr. Evans entreated the Senate to put a stop
to the discussion now going on. Il was prema
ture. Nothing was to be gained by it. The
discussion would be in order upon another bill
Nmt titfie xVhshvsstttt, ’ enm-ety -fttm Fway,
and just at the end ofthe session when the cal
ender was loaded with bills. For bills could
have passed the Senate but for this interrup
tion, and the discussion of the treaty. The trea
ty indeed had been more discussed than any
other subject during the session, and taken tiie
place of important matters, and ail resulting in
m.-u' discussion.
Mr. Calhoun said that the inlbrmation ofthe
Senate was altogether too defective to act wise
ly upon this subject al this time. There were
two reports upon lhe subject before the Senate,
and they differed materially. He had read both,
and the report he held In his hand said nothing
to which exception could be taken. (Extracts
were read to show that Sir Robert Peel did not
mean, in the sense generally understood, what
was attributed to h ; m.]
Mr. Calhoun said that we had decl.-'red lhe
slave trade piracy and coui.l we countenance
the slave trade underour flagand perhaps in our
vessels? We were bound to do something, and
xvhat better could we do than superintend our
vessels in our own way as we should by the
treaty. The right of search was superseded by
the treaty, and the light of visitation too, on the
African coast, to the extent of this treaty. Let
Great Britain, said Mr. C., violate a fair inter
pretation ofthe treaty, at her peril. She would
violate not only good faith with us, but the law
of nations also. He did hot believe this was
contemplated. But are we, said Mr. C., to
violate all the forms of law-and order and cus
tom, and the habits of free nations, by flying at
once into the resistance of this treaty? I f houjd
like to see the question put to a vote as to this
mode of getting rid of a treaty.
Mr. Cuthbert said if the Government of Grea
Britain violated a fair interpretation ofthe treaty
he should consider it both a violation ol faith and
a perjuiv of her word.
Mr. King expressed himself as strongly, ns
to his understandingof the treaty. He had heard
Lord Ashburton say that his understanding of
the treat)' was the same as his owti.
Mr. Crittenden ridiculed the speeches ol Mr.
Benton and .Mi. Allen with their high war pre
tensions. He treatcdthein asjuvenileopinions,
sophomoric displays, fitting for boys or a club
ot fireeaters. War was not a matter to be trifled
with. The setting aside of treaties was a grave
matter, Our honor bid us to fulfil the treaty
faithfully and punctually, without stopping one
moment to consider the consequences.
Mr. Bagby meved an amendment to Mr. Ben
ton’s motion to commit by striking out the ap
propriation for providing tor captured A fl icairc.
Mr. Crittenden opposed this, as did also Mr.
Calhoun .-.nd Mr. King and others.
Left in session.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Briggs asked leave to submit a resolution
instructing the Committee on the Judiciary to
report a Hi! to the following effect, viz: That lhe
act par sed by the Legislative Council ofFloritia,
entitfed an act preventing the emigration of free
i.egio • i ii„ i.iulaltoe- i’.t.o lhe Ten itoiy, be and
the same is hereby disapproved, and shall hence
forth be of no effect. The House refused.
Mr. Kennedy of Md. said he had been direct
ed by the Committee on Commerce to ascertain
whether it was the disposition of the House to
take lip the Warehousing bill during the pres
ent session. Therefore he should move now,
that the vote be taken upon Tuesday next
Mr. Fillmore said that he would vote against
the motion, although he was in favor ofthe bill.
Mr. Kennedy said that he did not ask that the
bill Le made the order of the day, but merely that
i| ought lobe takep upon Tuesday.
Tiie Speaker remarked that it wonk! require
a vote of two-thirds to carry the motion, andhere
the conversation teimipated.
Mr. Cushing moved a suspension of the rules
for the purpose of affording him an opportunity
to read an extract of a letter from Edw. Everett,
our Minister to England, correcting an error in
the late speech of Sir Robert Peel, The motion
did not prevail—yeas 99, nays 55.
The bill amendatory of an act of 1838 to pro
vide for the security of pessengers on board of
steamboats was taken up, and pasted.
Mr. Kennedy ofMd., called up the bill ap
propriating $36,000 to test the practi ’ability of
Professor Morse’s system of electro-magnetic
telesrraphs; and it was read a third time and
passed—yeas 89, nays 83.
On motion of Mr. Irwin, it was resolved that
the Secretary of the Treasury communicate to
the House the report of Col. Wrn. Robinson,
the Commissioner sent abroad to negotiate
loans for the U nited States.
The motion to print ten thousand extra co
pies of the adverse report* of the Committee of
Wavs and Means, being under consideration,
Mr. Pope, ol’Ky., argued in favor of issuing
some kind of scrip for the relief ofthe States.
They bait involved thgmselro.i. :’.n debt by their
system of internal improvements; and he thought
that a mode could be devised for them and on
better principles than those contained in the law
tin- the distribution of the proceeds of the sales
ofthe public lands.
But Mr. P. said he would have it understood
that he never did urge an assumption of the
State debts.—His plan of a Bank was this :
sixty millions of four per cent stock, which
were to constitute the capita) stock. Fifteen or
twenty millions to be divided among the States
—the directors to be appointed by the States,
and the branches established with their consent.
These branches would be located all over the
Union.
After he concluded his remarks, the morning
to “'I to-!. . Hl V.:.- 1 8
, "Itition was adopied to take tlm bill ma
king uppiopnations tor harbors and the Cum
anhaYf r ° ! ' d OUI 01 ‘‘’“"''ii'ee in an hour and
xre® t . ake,i I, P <n committee.
Mi. Juandolph having expressed hi.s views in
its support,
Mr. White of In.L followed on the same side,
and replied to Mi. Barnard’, remarks, delivered
on a former occa; ion.
After some other temaiks by Mr. Giddings
the hour to which die debate was limited ceas
ed, ami the coinmit'ee voted upon a large num
ber of amendments.
When the bill was reported to the House a
motion was made to lay it upon the table and
it prevailed—yeas 169, nays 87.
Mr. Johnson of Tenn, moved a recon, [dera
tion ofthe vote, pending which motion,
The House adjourned.
\V'AsiiiN..ruN, February 24.
UNITED STATES SENATE.
llOt.ll OF MEU-rINO.
Mi. Evan.-, -aid he was convinced that the
Senate eoul.l not gel through eveu hall its busi
ness unless it met earlier and sat later. He
therefore moved a resolution to meet at ten o’-
clock, and to have a recess, with an evening
session commencing al five o’clock. The reso
lution lies over.
EXI'UNOINO RESOLUTIONS.
Mr. Bayard moved to take up the Expunging
Resolutions. He had introduced them, lie said,
in obedience to instiuctions from bis Legisla
ture, and it the Senate would lake up and vote
upon them, he would say nothing.
Tire Senate d'-cided not to take them up, and
they are thus disposed of for the session.
THE CORRESPONDENCE.
Mr. Benton presented a resolution calling
upon the president, if not incompatible with his
sense ol the public interest, to furnish the Sen
ate with Mr. Everett’s letter to tiie State De
partment bearing date the 3d of February; also
a copy ol the reply to Lord Aberdeen’s letter of
the 3d ot December.
At 1 o’clock the Chair announced as in order
the bankrupt law.
The House bill, which was an unconditional
repeal oi the Bankrupt Law, was considered
with the amendments proposed by the Senate
Committee on the Judicial) . The bill having
been read,
Mr. Berrien said that the anxiety which had
been manifested to bring the bills before the
Senate may have originated in a laudable de
sire to have the bankrupt bill acted upon. It
may have originated in a predetermination to
destroy the law. Whatever might be the mo
tive, the Senate presented a most extraordinary
spectacle, There were about 26,uu0,600 of peo
ple represented in this and the other branch ol
Congress. A Bankrupt Law had pas-ed this
Congress, and the same bodies were now called
upon to rescind their own act —to stultify them
selves. And why, Mrt B. asked, should there
be this vascillation ? Had there been any well
authenticated evidence of wrong done by this
law ? He had seen none/
Mr. B. said that the ears ol Senators were
stopped by State insti u-lions. Men’s judgments
were slopped, their ears were sealed by the in
structions which they had received. American
Senators were called upon to destroy this act ot
of beneficence in obedience to Legislative and
State dictation. He was among the instructed,
but he could not obey these instructions with
out a violation of his duty. He alluded to this
subject from the conviction he had that there
was a large majority of this body who were in
favor ot a commercial system of bankruptcy.
Their deliberate judgments were tube overcome
by the thrusting in of the ill-considered opinions
of others. He had a faint hope that Senators
would pause and consider before proceeding to
the work of destroying this wise and humane
law.
Mr. Berrien remarked that the Bill upon the
statute book had been in force tor twelve months
and lucre. It had done most of the harm it
could do, and its continuance could be detri
mental to no one. There was a vast difference
between the commencement of a system of
Bankruptcy and its continuance. The greatest
evils were overcome. All lhe forms of law—all
the agents for the execution of the law had been
appointed. There had been an intelligent ad
ministration of justice growing out ol lhe law
as there was a harmony of jurisdiction in car
rying if out. The time was not appropriate for
tiie repeal of the law. If it was our duty to
cany into execution a system of com.neifiial
bankruptcy—if it was our duty to execute the
power which the States had let! to the General
Goveininent, he thought that now was the most
acceptable time. The mass cf insolvency had
been swept away by the law already in force.
We had a lair field iu the amendments proposed
to remove the objections to the existing law.
The law amended would operate for lhe benefit
of lhe creditor, more than for lhedebtor. Il
would operate favorably also upon the credit of
the countty.
•Senators had remarked that in this remnant,
of the session, they had not time t > consider the’
amen.-lntents proposed. To su<-!i tie called at
npon the ‘
Mr. Berrien then gave a clear analysis of the
provisions in the present law and the proposed
am .-ndinents. Aliei which he read briefly troin
the opinions of Judicial officers who have had
the execution of the law as to its operation.
Eigiileen of twenty-two Judicial officers had ex
pressed their opinion as to its beneficial opera
tion.
•Mr. Berrien suggested that lhe constitution
was not executed in the spirit in which it was
Iramed when the commercial States weie de
barred the benefitsof the Bankrupt Law. These
comm'-rcial States had surrendered their indi
vidual powers to tiie Govei'iimem. It behooved
the agticultural States nol to interpose objec
tions to tiie execution ol this power of the Con
stitution for the benefit of commercial States.
Some ofthe statislicscited were of interest, viz:
Wholenumbei of applications 3-3,899
Dischargesl2,o2l
Discharged by creditors 341
Certificates refused 36
These returns are from tiie official officers
from twenty-four of the States.
Mr. B. enlarged upon the benefits which had
flowed from the measure, and pointed out the
baneful consequences cf its repeal.
He expressed tiie opinion that there was in
tiie Senate a decisive majority in favor ot a
Commercial Bankrupt Law : and he trusted
they would came up an ! support the amend
ments he was about to recommend.
Some had suggested that, there was not tim?
for ttie consideration qf them. Now, if the
opinions of strangers were taken, they would
probably think there had been abundant Lime tor
every tiling. He hoped, at any rate, that it
there was not time tor the consideration of these
amendments, gentlemen would not feel justified
in proceeding io repeal the law, on the pretext
there was not time for the modification oi it.
He then proceeded to urge the usual argu
ments in favor of the measure.
After Air. B. closed his remarks—
Mr. Walker moved an amendment, which, in
effect, was to embrace banks in the provisions
ofthe bill, which said amendment was ordered
to be printed, with the express understanding
that the subject should come up to-morrow at
twelve o’clock.
After the transaction of some other business,
not of general interest, the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
apportionment law
On motion of Mr. Campbell of 8. C., the
Hous.- took up the bill to suspend,for a limited
rime, so much of the Apportionment Act as re
quires Representatives to Congress tote elected
by disiiicts. He stated that hisobject wasthree
fold: first, tiie more certainly to obtain the tri
umph of the law itself; secondly, to avoid the
cont usion and delay which will occur at the next
session of Congress, if this bill should not pass;
thirdly, to enable the people of these Slates who
have not bad an opportunity ofcorntdying with
the Aj | ortionment Act to be represented in the
next < ..iivie.-s.
Mi. Campbell said it was the opinion of civil
ians in this House and elsewhere, that the per
manency of our institutions required the passage
ofthe bill which he had proposed, or one some
what similar. He then argued the superiority
ol the district system over that ofthe General
ticket. There may, he said, be an Extra session
ot Congress; it so, instead ol proceeding at once
to the public business, they would, in all proba
bility, be here for months before an organization
ot the Douse be effect'd. The only way
to avoid this stole of tying* waste pass llie bill
under consideration.
The bill was then rejected, yeas 90, nays 91.
Mr. Steenrod moved a reconsideration of the
vole just taken ; and the question was decided in
the negative—yeas 93, nays 100.
The bill relating to the taking of testimony in
cases of contested elections having been read,
Mr. Saunders moved to lay it on the table.
Negatived, yeas 89, nays 110.'
Mr. Aycrigg moved an amendment, which
was adopted, to make the bill as it was when it
was introduced at the last session, and requiring
Representatives, before they are entitled to their
seats, to present certificates showing that they
have been elected according to the second section
ofthe Apportionment law—that is, by districts.
The bill was passed, yeas 105, nays 82.
Mr. Holmes said “that righteousness exait
eth a nationand therefore moved that the
House resolve itself into a Committee of the
Whole on the state ol the Union, with a view
to take up the bill making satisfaction for
French spoliations ; but he was informed that
the motion was not now in order.
CIVIL AND DIPLOMATIC APPROPRIATION BILL.
The House resolved itself into a Commi tee
ot the Whole on the state of the Union, and
took up the bill to pay the civil and diplomatic
expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ,
ending on the 36th of June, 1844. Upon which, i
it was engaged till the hour of adjournment, ,
without coming to any decision.
Wrshinoton, Feb. 25,1843.
In the Senate, a report was made by Mr. i
Wright from the Committee on Commerce, fa- ]
vorable to the bill appropriating $30,000 for
testing the practicability of a system of electro- 1
magnetic telegraphs. Should the bill be return- <
ed to the House, I presume Mr. Johnson will j
renew his amendment to appropriate half the
amount for experimenting in Mesmerism. By
placing a subject in a state of clairvoyance, he 1
ibinks intelligence might be gained with a rap- h
idily inconceivably greater than by any tele
graphic ..ysleiu in the uoild.
Mr. Huntington, from the Committee m
Commerce, reported without amendment, the
House bill providing for the relief of sick an.
disabled seamen in foreign countries. It wt
ed.
The House lull amendatory of the act of 183>
providing lor the preservation ofthe lives of pa
sengers on board steam vessels, was also pass
with an amendment.
Aftei llic jia.ssage of several otiiertyills ol: <•
general interest, tiie consfderation ol the Ban
rupt Repeal Bill was resumed. *
l he question was on the amendment ot tn
Senale Judicial)- Committee, proposing to stria -
out the House Bill, nn<l to insert a bill so u
amend the Bankrupt Act, as to prohibit volun
tary bankruptcy, and to make the consent of a
majority oi credit->rs necessary before a credit
or can avail himself ol the beneiitof the act.
Mi. \V alker had moved to amend the ame
merit -.o,as to include banking eurjiorations.
(hi this amendment a long debate arose
oil ' A1 Choate, Walker, Smith, t
--r.a '.i l’ arlie 'P at ed. The question wasthen
7 , “I Mr. W. was rejected
a y; l '’ »1 18 to 23. ’
The ai ne ", lment of(he Judici c
was also rejected.
.l„i. l ‘io* , e.'rt bi - 11 ,orlt >erepeal of the Act,
•u i i t s- l(,ut by a vol-
Presi.lent l l h . esi K nw “ reo
recollect that there ist uroris.wom 1
provides that the ret eal shall not efie'-'t app
tions made before he of this apt '
In the House above three liouuweteoeei
l.y an uninteresting debate on a joint
authorizing certificates of awards io Che-
Indians. The resolution was finally pas»
The consideration ofthe Civil and Dipl i-I
ic Appropriation bill was then resumed in ’ -.t
mitteeotthe Whole.
Mr. Ingersoll moved to reduce the appr
lion tor the Judiciary from #473,006 to $37 --i
A long debate arose, but it was exclusively --or
tine:! io lhe law)cis, and was not ol the ■
est interest to the general reader. On th<
tion be .ng put, the motion was agreed to.
File next item was one appropriating :•
600 tor continuing the coast survey.
A'.r. Mallory moved to amend by rec
our Naval officers n. ( H- O se. ule the work .
of leaving it to tiie care of Mr. Hass]
A debaie arose respecting the merits
Hassler, but there being no quorum, theti-m
mitiee rose without taking the question.
Mr. Mallory made a report from th u
mittee ohN aval Affairs, relative to exti m
pensation for officers and seamen ofthe --t
mg Expedition. It was ordered to be pr ’
Various other reports were made alte I
the House adjourned.
Railroad Statistics.
, V> e mentioned a short time since lhe to i ol
the completion ol the only link which remai icd
. to render complete the chain of rail roada !,e
I tween Albany and Buffalo. In the e:. -w;
3 Spi ing, travellers will be conveyed belli
tu o cities twich a day, in the sliort spar ---i -L
. hours, under an arrangement to which tk- \o '
s ous Railroad Companies on the route toe - ar
. ties. Between Boston and Albany the Rr-- -ad
! com nunication has been completed and -uc
t cesslul operation tor a year past. Ti, . ~
I therefore a continuous, unbroken chain i
i toads extending from Boston to Buttal di-.
, vellers will be conveyed in the short s-iae. ':I7
, hours. ‘
! The achievement of this vast undetia<i:i<
, has been accomplished at the cost, ii round
» numbers, ol sixteen millions of dollars and it
s will not be uninteresting to the inqtlirii - o
s er io know the details of which this .-regal
( of enterprise, labtir and capital is made t i 1 .<■
. folkiying lable, prepared to our ham. it ti
Buffalo Advertiser, shows the length f.■ .< -i
. link of road, the cost per mile, and the I <
, penditures by each company; beginning -t Li
I ton and terminating at Buffalo:
hint’s. Length. Costpermile. ’ ll
. Boslond. Worcester --41] 851,680 *1 14 tol
j- Woi'-ester&. W Slock. 117 43,220 I fj ri .
t W. Stock. & Albany.--38] -13,220 1 ' .
' Boston to Albany-■-.200 miles 3‘ i
1 Aloha wk <Si. Hudson •• 16 69,750 1 nOC'i
- Utica & Schen-.-ctady. 78 21,392 1
Syracuse & Utica-■ 53 19,750 1 i -fl
Auburn & Syracuse■■ 26 20,346 .r’l’iJO
i Auburn A Rochester. •78 19,237 1- ,'AiO
i Rochester & Batavia ■ 32 12,600 a n- -
1 Batavia & Buffalo 43 11,000 MJ.JOO
I Albany to Bufl'aJo ... 326 i 47;.'
( 200 I- 24W
‘ T0ta1527 miles Slf- ?. ' 271
: There is no doubt that lhe various in', —t,
on Ibis route will make a decided effort, low
’ rates of tare, to attract to it the travel v til
continually on the go between the L ,ji
. We.-t.
A statement published in the 8.i.t0 :ii!>
Advertiser shows that the distance wh ■ -a-
■ travelled on lhe rail roads in Massac its
during the last year, by locomotive' ; es,
dn.Hiua>*;w’wi«tt!rmni wti'ni— ni-yt, .•■ c.
riou of the several roads, was 1,349,57
This is equal to travelling with a loi
engine, with a load always attached, I i .
rot nd the globe. Os this distance, -.'
miles, equal to 33 times round lhe gl. ,
travelled by engines conveying passengc
422,111 i with merchandise trains, and .<
due by engines employed in conveying
als for the construction or repairs of nia ■
ing road ot snow, or for other purposes.
i’he distance travelled hy locomotive tl •
, three rail oads leaving Westward from e s
to Worcester, and thence io Albany, i -
Norwich, was as follows:
Boston A Worcester Ridb'oad2ll,3l .i.
W. stern Rai1r0ad.397,2!
Norwich & Worcesterl4l,3!
T0ta1752,9; "
• The number of passengers conveyed . - -h
the whole length ol the Western liailr- : be
tween Worcester and Albany, was 18,5* The
I nuinbei'of way passengers, or passeugt - col
> veyed over part ot lhe same road, was 1.866
A little more than a quarter | art ol the i.me
I derived from passengers, was receive limn
‘ those who travelled t'liough the whole rc and
nearly three quarleis irom way passengt
' It may not be inappropriate here to a
summary of the aggregate length of t Kail
I roads coinpleteJ, and ill operation in the t '
• States, as given in the New York Tribune:
Miles. Miles.
' In N. Eng States--695 In Alabama ' !
’ New York-696 Florida 32
I New Jersey2o4 Louisiana- -■ l(>
Penn, (about) •• -700 Mississippi •• ■ • b
I Delawar- 49 Kentucky • CO
■ Maryland 33! Ohio-,-. 4
I Virginia,3so Indiana. a
North Carolina.•• 247 Michigan- -. . 6
South Carolina. • • 198
Georgia3so v T0ta14,412
A lug.- number of miles already grad'd and
nearly ready fin-the iron rails, on tnen- idsiii
variou: sections ot the country, are not In tid
ed in the statement. Probably 5000r600 miles
may be expected to be completed in one -n nio
year; , and added to the alsive amount, win h
already exceeds the total length of rail road- in
all offi r roiin'ries combined. The cost, s-> fn,
is at least one hundred nuUionsof dollars. Nr. r
lv all the iron for these roads has been’ itnp-’-i; -d
from England, costing probably twelve or ti-ir.
teen millions of dollars.— Halt. American
X j'rt's copy the following from the St. L.>ui •
Republican ofthe 13th ultimo:
L-.ncii Liw.—The Hannibal Jouiua rives
an account of two cases of Lynch law, "Idcli
is said |.i have lately occurred in Shelby uimy
in this State.
In the first, a merchant of Marion c mty.
who hi I a judgment and exerniion ag -a
farmer I'm' forty dollars, levied upon his -rc--I,
whi.-ii - sold, the merchant buying it . -r
:ixte.-i; I illa-s. Aft-Iv. ar -Is the luercliai sffid
the <....1. for .me hundred dollars, and the: n .- •
to enforce from the debtorthe balance the
judgment. He was .summarily waited uj : :.i
a committee of three of the neighborhood tit u
to a tree, fifteen lashes with a hickory 1- i
bare back by each member of the odintui lee,
who directed him to leave immediately if not
sooner.
“In the other case, an inexorable credit Ir l
sued a poor man for one hundred and -tny
dollars and levied upon all his property, n'lustng
indulgence. On the day of sale the asse nbled
neighbors requested the officers to first put up
what they significantly styled ‘Judge Lynch’s
horse,’ a fence-rail with legs to it, avowing that
the buyer of the farmer’s property must take a
t ide on lhe judge’s horse. The creditor took the
hint and no sale was made.
Tin: Banks. —The N. O. Picayuneofthe22d
till, says:—The run upon the banksentirely sub
sided yesterday, and with many of them more j
than the amount of money drawn out on the pre- J
viousday found its way back. There was not ’
the least cause tor the slight panic ot Monday,
that we could see, and we are really rejoiced to
find that confidence is once more restored in our
community.
A Ferocious Doo Mesmerized.—TheMes
inerizers in Ireland, appear to go ahead of our
American professors of “the science.” Ata
late meeting of Mesmeric authorities, (as r? x
ported in the London Medical 'l’iuiqs, ) it was.
stated by Dr. Elliotson ths President, that “the
Duke of Marlliorough had informed him, in a
letter from Ireland, that, while at the Marquis J
of Ely's seat, in that countty, and strolling out I
in the morning, he came upon a ferocious dog,■
chained in a fatrn yard. His grace durst nom
approai-li the brute, but, standing at a respectful
distance, he nesinerizedhim; and going up,
tually embraced the sleeping brute. The
' im-.i iiitto-.-l ihirti isinuic--.
jtj-The difficulties oi lie- lim.-s have
material check to the extravagancies ofthe
pie ofthe United States in theirprofuseconsump
tion of various articles of iashion and luxury
obtained from France. The Prefect ofthe Seine
in his recent annual expose, mentions that the 1
exports ol Paris were lessoned by 24,000,600 ot I
francs, which evil he ascribes to the “ American I
financial crisis,” and the American tariff. I