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AUGUSTA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 29. '
■■ ■■■ r |
The Mail ,
From the North failed again last night from ,
beyond Charleston. In short, we are scarcely <
better supplied with mails than if we had a reg
ular Tri-Weeklv Mail. If Capt. Tyler’s toady. ,
at Hie head of the Post Office department, could :
be induced to divert his attention for a short
time from the inquisition among the Postmas
ters, to the investigation of the mail failures, he
would doubtless render the country quite as
much service. _
Test of Ploughs.
A scene as rare in this section of country as
it ij interesting to those who feel an interest in
die progress of an improved system of Agri
culture, will lie presented this afternoon al 3
o’clock, by the exhibition ol a practical test of
several different ploughs—which will take place
in the roar >f the Medical College.
Advertising a Wife.
The request of an individual at Lombardy,
Columbia county, to advertise his Wife, ren
ders it necessary tor us again to repeat a settled
rule of this office—from which we never depart
—“inwr te advertise a wifey We have many,
and, to ourselves, satisfactory reasons for adopt
ing sueh a regulation; and, as we cannot hope
to convince the individual, whose wounded
feelings have driven him to seek such a protec
tion, of their force and propriety, we will not
trespass upon the indulgence) of our readers with
their repetition. In declining to give place to
the notice, however, we avail ourself of the oc
casion to tender the husband our acknowledge
ments for his proffered patronage, and to ex
press our regrets that it was of such character as
to forbid our serving him.
Millbrism. —The Bangor Whig says that
svius enterprising farmers in that region are
burning up their fences, under the belief of Mil
ler's doctrine that the world will soon come to
an end.
The New York Commercial Advertiser of
Wednesday afternoon says—"We regret to learn
that die venerable Bishop Roberts, the senior
Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was
dangerously ill at the latest advices from his res
idence; very little hope was entertained of his
recovery." _____
Akotubr Comet.—The Phila. Sentinel says:
“We understand that several gentlemen saw
another Comet about Mid-Heavens, between
twelve ud rne o’clock on Sunday night."
r>The St. Louis Gazette says, a new coin
age of counterfeit Mexican and Peruvian dol
lars, the beet ever oflered, are in circulation in
that city.
The Baltimore Patriot says:—The Offi
cio. Organ at Washington has an original mode
•I supporting the Administration in the aggre
gate, as well as its individual members. In an
article on the Congressional Printing, distin
guofrsd throughout by a measure of suavity un-
UMial even for it. the Madisonian applauds the
course of the Globe when “the Hon Amos Ken
dall” wao its principal conductor, under whose
auspices it eays “truth and justice triumphed
over falsehood and corruption."—This is highly
complimentary to their President and Secretary
of State, who were most prominent in support
ing the cause which the “Honorable Amos” is
said to have opposed and triumphed over—the
cause, to wit, ot “falsehood and corruption.’’
But the best of it is, the Globe of the present day
throws back this impudent panegyric upon the
hands ol the donor, as proof that he is a “simple
ton,” since every man must see the discreditable
inferences which flows from it against Mr. Ty
ler and Mr. Webster, whom the Madisonian
professes to support and defend 1
The Late Disaster oft’ Saybrook.
The ship General Williams, Ezra Bailey,
sailed from New London, December, 1840, on
a whaling voyage to New Zealand, and the
Northwest coast of America —left the Sandwich
Islands, September last, for home—made the
land of Block Island on Thursday, passed Mon
mug Point in the evening. Soon after a snow
storm, Mi> strong Nertheast wind commenced,
and she o.,ie to anchor in the Sound near the
mouth of Connecticut river.
The violence ol the wind compelled the cut
ting away of the mainmast, to keep the ship off
shore, and with this the mizen mast was carried
away. At dawn of day the gale havinv abscu.
f Aptatn lowered a boat and with seven men
left the ship, to land at Saybrook. On crossing
the bar at tne mouth of the Connecticut, the boat
was capsized by rolling surges on this danger
ous pass.
The crew regained the beat, and were again
and again washed oft’. One man only survived,
who was taken off by a boat from Saybrook.—
The names of the unfortunate sufferers are—
Ezra Bailey, commander, Groton.
Josiah Richards, Montville.
Henry Wheeler, do
Bimon Day, New London.
Jacob Storms, New Jersey.
John B. Rice, New York.
K. R. Wolworth, do.
The man saved, is John L. Kimball, of New
Hampshire. The ship with her cargo, by the
assistance of the Revenue Cutter, Capt. Mather,
was towed into New London, on Saturday. She
was consigned to Williams & Bams ol New
London, and had four thousand three hundred
barrels of oil on board.
Since quitting the port of New London, on
her outward voyage, she had circumnavigated
the globe, and penetrated farther into high north
ern latitudes, than any vessel from these parts
had ever done before her.
Capt. Bailey was a young man of about 35
years of age, of great enterprise and firmness,
and among the first in his profession. He has
left a wife and two children, to mount his sad
and untimely fate.—.VorwicA Cotfrier.
Another Steamer Sunk.—We regret to learn
says the Mobile Chronicle of the 23d inst, that
the hue steamer Win. Robinson, Jr., coming in
collision with the steamer Clarion, was so badly
broken as to cause her to sink almost instantly.
The accident occurred on Monday afternoon
last, opposite Bragg’s Bluff on the Bigbee river.
The Robinson was on her downward passage to
this city, and had on board a cargo of 670 bales
of cotton. The instant after the collision her
prow was turned to the shore, but before it touch
ed, there were two feet of water or more in the
bold of the boat. The stem it is said, is now
sunk in 30 to 40 feet water. The accident hap
pened while the two boats were turning in a very
short bend in the river. The Clarion was quite
neriously injured also, by the contact. It is fear
ed the Robinson will prove an entire loss-though
we learn there is an insurance on her of 38000-
w 34000 in two different offices in this city.
The steamboat New Albany brought down the
furniture of the boat, and 300 bales of cotton, a
portion of her cargo recovered.
Texas—Farther accounts.
On the 4th inst., a public meeting was held at
Richmond, Fort Bend county, for the purpose ol
taking into consideration the present condition of
the country and to devise means to release all
Texans now in captivity in Mexico. Resolu
tions were adopted, expressive of the unanimous
voice of the county, in which the citizens pledg
ed themselves to a’id to the extent of their capac
ity both in men and means, in any campaign
which may be set on foot under the auspices of
the government for the invasion of Mexico, hold
ing themselves in readiness to take the field when
ever called on, provided that the number of two
thousand men shall be raised, tor which purpose
companies will be organized, contributions made
Ac. The meeting also resolved to memorialize
the President to call for volunteers and to invite
the other counties to unite with them in the above
project. So great is theenthnsiasm that prevails
that several of the citizens of Fort Bend county
have not only volunteered their personal ser
vices but have agreed to furnish horses and arms
to those who are willing to join the expedition
but are destitute ot means.
It is said that Capt. B. McCulloch, of Gon
zales, is in command of a large party of mount
ed meu, well armed and ready to make a foray
to the Rio Grande. The Houston Telegraph ex
presses tl»e hope that he will dash forward to La
redo as speed]}- as possible, as he may thus be
enabled to cover the retreat of Col. Fisher and
his men, and escort them with safety into the set
tlements.
Most of the Mexican families who accompa
nied Gen. Well in his retreat from Bexar, in
September last, have returned. Many ot them
destitute, and in a wretched condition. They
Mty they were induced to accompany the Mexi
can army because Col. Seguin told them that
they would all be massacred by the Texans if
they remainod iu Bexar after the retieat of Geu.
WsU.
The news of the escape of the Mier prisoners
U not confirmed byway of Texas, and we are
again fearful they are still in the hands of the
Mexicans. Had they escaped at the time stated
H would seem more than probable that some of
them must have reached Texas ere this. We
shall shortly know all.
AaeuwniOK in Ohio.—ln the House ofßep
seseGUrives in the Ohio Legislature, a resolution
to instruct the delegates of the state in Congress,
to support the assumption project of Mr. W. C.
Johnson was rejected by a vote of 42 to 10.
• • .
tIEMYRKH ONTIIB MANI’FACTUKE OF <OItN
STALK SUGAR.
BV WILLIAM WEBB, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.
The most profitable application of labor is a
desideratum too frequently overlooked or disre
garded ky those who attempt the introduction of
new manufactures into a country. All calcula
tions of advantage which is to result from the
production of any article must be made with
due regard to this point, or practice will prove
them to be erroneous.
Fully impressed with this truth, the most rigid
examination is invited into every thing now of
fered; so that, as far as possible, we may arrive
at a correct decision respecting the real value of
the proposal manufacture. In common with
many others, I have felt considerable interest in.
the plan forextending the cultivation of sugar in
temperate climates, and have made many expe
riments, first upon the lieet, and i ecently upon
maize or Indian corn, in the hope of discovering
some mode by which the desired end might be
attained.
The results from the latter plant have been
extremely encouraging. The manufacture of
sugar from it, compared with that from beet,
oilers many advantages. It is more simple, and
less liable to failure. The machinery is less
expensive, and the amount of fuel required is
less by one-half. The quantity of sugar produ
ced on a given space ot ground is greater, be
sides being of better quality. An examination
into the nature and productive powers of these
two plants will show that no other results could
have been reasonably expected, It is a well-es
tablished fact, that every vartety of production
found in plants is derived from the sap. It is
also ascertained that the principal substance
found in the sap or juice of many vegetables is
sugar. Therefore, the amount of saccharine
matter produced by any plant of this descrip
tion may be estimated from an analysis of the
fruit, seed, &c ,of such plant when ripe. The
grain yielded by corn, and the seed from beet,
in the second summer of its growth, are nothing
more than this sap or juice elaborated by the
process of vegetation, and presented to our view
in another form.
Now, as it is contrary to the economy of na
ture to suppose that there should be any loss of
nutritive matter in this change of sap into seed
or grain, does it not follow that there must be the
same difference in the quantity of sugar produ
ced by the two plants as there is between the nu
tritive properties of beet seed and coin?
The juice of maize contains sugar, acid and
a gummy mucilaginous matter, which forms the
scum. From the experiments of Gay Lussac,
Thenard, Kirchoff and others, [it is proved,]
that starch, sugar and gum, are extremely simi
lar in composition, and may be as readily con
verted into each other, by chemical process, as
they are by the operation of nature. For ex
ample: starch boiled in diluted sulphuric acid,
for thirty-six hours, is converted into sugar of
greater weight than the starch made use of.
This result goes to show that every pound of
starch found in the seed of a plant has required
for its production at least one pound of sugar, in
the form of sap. If it be objected that this de
duction is too theoretical to be admitted, it may
be answered that experiment, so far as it has
gone, has fully attested its correctness.
The raw juice of maize, when cultivated for
sugar, marks 10° on the saccharometer; while
the average of cane juice (as 1 am informed) is
not higher than B°, and beet juice not over 3*.
"From 9| quarts (dry measure) of the former.
I have obtained 4 pounds 6 ounces of syrup, con
centrated to the point suitable for crystallization.
The proportion of crystallizable sugar appears
to be larger than is obtained from cane juice in
Louisiana. This is accounted for by the fact,
that our climate ripens corn perfectly, while it
but rarely if ever happens that cane is fully ma
tured. In some cases the syrup has crystalized
so completely, that less than one-sixth part of
molasses remained. This, however, only hap
pened after it had stood from one to two months.
There is reason to believe, that if the plait were
fully ripe, and the process of manufacture per
fectly performed, the syrup might be entirely
crystalized without forming any molasses.
This perfection in the manufacture cannot,
however, be attained with the ordinary appara
tus. Without any other means for pressing out
the juice than a small hand-mill, it is impossi
ble to say how great a quantity of sugar may be
produced on an acre.
The experiments have been directed more to
ascertain the saccharine quality of corn-stalk
than the amount a given quantity of ground will
produce; but the calculations made from trials on
a small scale leave no room to doubt that the
quantity of sugar will be from 800 to 1000 lbs.
This amount will not appear unreasonable,
when it is considered that the juice of com is as
rich as that of cane, and the weight of green pro
duce at least equal.
Mr. Ellsworth, in one of his publications,
states, as the result of actual weighing and
measuring, that corn, sown broadcast, yielded
five pounds of green stalks per square foot; this
is at the rate of 108] tons to the acre.
My attention was first directed to maize as a
material for sugar, by observing that, in some
stalks, the juice was extremely sweet, while in
others it was weak and watery. On examina
tion, it appeared that the latter had borne large
and perfect ears and grain, while, on the former,
these were cither small in size or entirely want
ing. The natural conclusion from this observa
tion was, that if the ears were taken off in their
embryo state, the whole quantity of saccharine
matter produced by the process of vegetation
would be preserved in the stalk, from which it
might be extracted when the ulanj.was matured,
zrot tj.e men occurred too late in the Reason to
test it by experiment. A few stalks, however,
were found, which, from some cause, had borne
no grain; these were bruised with a mallet, and
the juice extracted by a lever press. Some lime
was then added, and the desiccation, evapora
tion, &c., began and finished in a single vessel.
By these simple means, sugar of a fair quality
was produced, which was sent to the horticul
tural exhibition of our society in 1840.
I have since been informed, through Mr. Ells
worth, that Mr. Hallas, of France, had discov
ered, in 1839, that the saccharine properties of
maize were increased by merely taking off the
ear in its embryo state. An experiment, how
ever, which I instituted, to determine the value
of this plan, resulted in disappointment; the
quantity of sugar produced was not large enough
to render it an object. The reasons of this fail
ure will be sufficiently obvious on stating the
circumstances. It was found that taking the
ear off a large stalk, such as is produced by the
common inode of cultivation, inflicted a consid
erable wound upon the plant, which injured its
health, and of course lessened its productive
power. It was also found that the natural dis
position to form grain was so strong, that seve
ral successive, ears were thrown out, by which
labor was increased, and the injuries of the
plant multiplied. Lastly, it appeared that the
juice yielded from those plants contained a con
siderable portion of foreign substance, not favo
rable to the object in view. Yet, under all these
disadvantages, from one hundred to two hundred
poundsiof sugar per acre may be obtained.
The manifest objections detailed above sug
gested another mode of cultivation, to be em
ployed in combination with the one first propos
ed; it consists simply in raising a greater num
ber of plants on the same space of ground. By
this plan, all the unfavorable results above men
tioned were obviated, a much larger quantity of
sugar was produced, and of better quality The
juice produced by this mode of cultivation is
remarkably pure" and agreeable to the taste. —
Samples of the sugar yielded by it are now in
the Patent Office, with a small hand-mill by
which the stalks were crushed. Some of the
same kind was exhibited to our agricultural so
ciety in October, 1841, accompanied by an an
swer to an invitation from its president, Dr. J.
W. Thompson, to explain the mode of culture
and process of manufacturing the sugar. The
molasses, after standing as before mentioned,
from one to two months, became filled with small
crystals, wkich, on being drained, exhibited a
peculiar kind of sugar; the gram is small, and
somewhat inferior in appearance, but still is as
sweet and agreeable to the taste as can be desir
ed. A small sample of this sugar I have brought
for your inspection. This product, from what
was thought to be molasses, is a new and un
expected discovery, and discloses an important
fact in the investigation of this subject. It
shows the superior degree of perfection attain
ed by the coni plant, compared with the cane,
in any part of the Union. It is generally un
derstood that the latter cannot be fully matured
in any except a tropical climate, and the pro
portion of molasses obtained from any plant is
greater or less according to the immaturity or
perfection of its growth. The sweetness of the
corn-stalk is a matter of universal observation.
Our forefathers, in the revolutionary struggle,
resorted to it as a means to furnish a substitute
for West India sugar. They expressed the
juice, and exerted their ingenuity in efforts to
bring it to a crystalized state, but we have no ac
count of any successful operation of the kind.
In fact, the bitter and nauseous properties con
tained in the joints of large stalks render the
whole amount of j’uice from them fit only to pro
duce an inferior kind of molasses. I found, on
experiment, that by cutting out the joints, and
crushing the remaining part of the stalk, sugar
might be made, but still of an inferior quality.
The molasses, of which there was a large pro
portion, was bitter and disagreeable.
From one to two feet of the lower part of
these stalks was full of juice, but the balance,
as it approached the top, became dryer, and af
forded but little. From the foregoing experi
ments we see that, in order to obtain the purest
juice, and in the greatest quantity, we must
adopt a mode of cultivation which will prevent
the large and luxuriant growth of the stalk.—
As we are upon the threshold of this inquiry,
many other improvements may be expected in
the mode of operation; for example, it may be
that cutting off the tassel as soon as it appears
on the plant will prevent the formation of grain,
*mi prove a preferable means for effecting that
object.
On the whole, there appears ample encour
agement for perseverance. Every step in the
investigation has increased the probabilities of
success; no evidence having been discovered
why it should not succeed as well, if not better,
on a large scale, than it has done on a small one.
1. In the first place, it has been satisfactorily
proved, that sugar of an excellent quality, suit
able for common use without refining, may be
made from the stalks of maize.
2. That the juice of this plant, when cultiva
ted in a certain manner, contains saccharine
matter remarkabiv free from foreign substances.
3. The quantity of this juice (even suppos
ing we had no other evidence about it) is suffi
ciently demonstrated by the great amount of
nutritive grain which it produces in the natural
courstf of vegetation. It is needless to expati
ate on the vast advantages which would result
from the introduction of this manufacture into
our country.
Grain is produced in the west in such over
flowing abundance that the markets become
glutted, and inducements are offered to employ
the surplus produce in distillation. This busi
ness is now becomingdisreputable. The happy
conviction is spreading rapidly, that the use of
alcohel as a beverage, instead of conducing to
health ami strength, is the surest means of de
stroying both. Some other production, there
fore, will be required, in which the powers of
our soil may be profitably employed. This, it
is hoped, will be found in the business now pro
posed. Instead of distilleries, converting food
into jioison, we may have sugar-houses, manu
facturing at our doors an article in universal
demand, not merely useful, but necessary, fur
nishing as it does one ot the most simple, natu
ral and nutritious varieties of human suste
nance found in the whole range ol vegetable
production.
It is said that the general use of sugar in Eu
rope has had the effect to extinguish the scurvy
and many other diseases formerly epidemical.
It may be doubted whether a tropical country
can ever furnish a great amount of exports, ex
cept through the means of compulsory labor.—
It appears, then, highly probable, that if the in
habitants of temperate countries wish to con
tinue the use of sugar, they must find some
means to produce it themselves. The beet ap
pears to succeed well in Europe, and the manu
facture from it is extending rapidly; but there is
no hazard in making the assertion that Indian
corn is far better adapted to our purpose. The
following mode of cultivating the plant, and
making the sugar, is the best that can now be
offered. The kind of soil best adapted to com
is so well understood, that no directions on this
point are necessary, except that it should be rich
—the richer the better, if not naturally fertile,
manure must be applied, either ploughed in or
spread upon the surface, or used both ways, ac
cording to the ability of the owner. Nothing
can form a better preparation for the crop than
a clover sod well turned under and harrowed
fine immediately before planting.
Select for seed the largest and best ears of any
variety of com not disposed to throw up suck
ers or spread out in branches; that kind most
productive in the neighborhood will be general
ly the 'one best adapted to the purpose. The’
planting should be done with a drilling ma
chine. One man, with a pair of horses and an
instrument of this kind, will plant and cover, in
the most perfect manner, from ten to twlve
acres in a day. The rows (if practicable, let
them run north and so th) two and a half feet
apart, and the seed dropped sufficient thick in
the row to ensure a plant every two or three
inches. A large harrow, made with teeth ar
ranged so as not to injure the com, may be used
to advantage soon after it is up. The after cul
ture is performed with a cultivator, and here
will be perceived one ol the great advantages
of drilling: the plants all growing in lines, per
fectly regular and straight with each other, the
horse-hoe stirs the earth and cuts up the weeds
close by ever}’ one, so that no hand-hoeing will
be required in any part of the cultivation. “It
is part of the system of cane planting in Loui
siana, to raise as full a stand of cane upon the
ground as possible, experience having proved
that the most sugar is obtained from the land in
this way.” As far as my experience has gone,
the same thing is true of corn. This point
must therefore be attended to, and the deficien
cies, if any occur, made up by timely replant
ing.
The next operation is taking off the ears. -
Many stalks will not produce any; but whenev
er they appear, they must be removed. It is
not best to undertake this work too early, as
when the ears first appear, they are lender, and
cannot be taken off without breaking, which in
creases the trouble. Any time before the for
mation of grain upon them will be soon enough.
Nothing further is necessary to lie done until
the crop is ready to cut for grinding. In our la
titude, the cutting may commence with the ear
lier varieties about the middle of August. The
later kinds will be ripe in September, and con
tinue in season until cut ofl’by frost. The stalks
should be topped and bladed while standing in
the field. They are then cut, tied in bundles
and taken to the mill. The top and blades,
when properly cured, make an excellent fodder,
rather better, it is believed, than any hitherto
used; and the residuum, after passing the rollers,
may easily be dried and used in the same way—
another advantage over the cane, which, after
the juice is expressed, is usually burned.
The mills should be made on the same gener
al principle employed in constructing those in
tended for grinding cane. An important differ
ence, however, will be found both in the original
cost and in the expense of working them. Judg
ing from the comparative hardness of the cane
and corn-stalk, it is believed that one-fourth
part of the strength necessary in the construction
of a cane mill will be amply sufficient for com,
and less than one-fourth part of the jxiwer will
move it with the same velocity, it may be made
with three upright wooden rollers, from twenty
to forty inches in length, turned so as to run
true, and fitted into a strong framework, consist
ing of two horizontal pieces, sustained by up
rights. These pieces are mortised, to admit
wedges on each side the pivots of the two out
side rollers, by w hich their distance from tlux
middle one may be rqguiated The power ns
applied to the middle roller, and the others ate
moved from it by means of cogs. In grinding,
the stalks pass through on the right side of the
middle cylinder, and come in contact with a
piece of frame w’ork called the dumb returner,
which directs them backwards, so that they pass
through the rollers again, on the opposite side of
the middle one. The modem improved ma
chine is made entirely of iron, three horizontal
rollers, arranged in a triangular form, one above
and two below; the cane or stalk passes directly
through, receiving turn pressures before it es
capes. The lower cylinders are contained in a
small cistern which receives the juice. The lat
ter machine is the most complete; the former
the least expensive. These mills may be mov
ed by cattle; but, for large operations, steam or
water power is preferable. When the vertical
cylinders are turned by cattle, the axis of the
middle one has long levers fixed across it, ex
tending from ten to fifteen feet from the centre.
To render the arms firm, the axis of this roller
is carried up to a considerable height; and ob
lique braces of wood, by which the oxen or hor
ses draw, are extended from the top of the verti
cal axis to the extremities of each of the arms.
When horizontal cylinders are propelled by an
imal power, the upper roller is turned by the
cogs at one end, which are caught by cogs on a
vertical shaft. It is said that, in the West In
dies, the purest cane juice will ferment in twen
ty minutes after it enters the receiver. Com
juice has been kept for one hour before boiling,
without any apparent injury resulting; but so
much delay is not desirable, as it may be at
tended with bad effects.
The process which has been employed in the
manufacture of maize sugar is as follows: The
juice, to-er coming from the mill, stood for a
short time, to deposite some of its coarser impu
rities. It was then poured off and passed thro’
a flannel strainer, in order to get rid of such mat
ters as could be separated in this way. Lime
water, called milk of lime, was then added, in
the proportion of one or two table spoons full to
the gallon. It is said by sugar manufacturers,
that knowledge on this point can only be acquir
ed by experience; but I have never failed in
t naking sugar from employing too much or too
little of the lime. A certain portion of this sub
stance, however, is undoubtedly necessary, and
more or less than this will be injurious; but no
precise directions can be given about it. The
juice was then placed over the fire, and brought
nearly to the boiling point, when it was carefully
skimmed—taking care to complete this operation
before ebullition commenced. It was then boil
ed down rapidly, removing the scum as it rose.
The juice was examined, from lime to time, and
if there was any appearance of feculent parti
cles, which would not rise to the surface, it was
again passed through a flannel strainer. In
judging when the syrup is sufficienily boiled, a
jtortion was taken between the thumb and finger;
and if, when moderately cool, a thread half an
inch long could be drawn, it was considered to be
done, and poured into broad shallow vessels to
crystalize. In some cases crystalization com
menced in twelve hours; in others, not til) after
several days; and in no case was this process so
iar completed as to allow the sugar to be drained
in less than three weeks from the time of boiling.
The reason why so great a length of time was
required I have not yet been able to discover.—
There is no doubt but that an improved process
of manufacture will cause it to granulate as
quickly as any other.
Enough has been said to enable any one so
disposed to manufacture sugar from maize.
As to the profits of the business, I shall make
no positive assertions; experience on the subject
is yet too limited to warrant them; and as all the
facts in relation to il are now before the public,
every one interested can draw his own conclu
sions. It is said, by those acquainted with the
cultivation of the cane, that that business can
not be carried on profitably on less than one
hundred acres in crop; and that attempts on a
small scale will be certain to fail, with a srreat
loss of lime and labor. How far this may be
applicable to corn remains to be seen.
Some comparison between the cultivation of
cane and that ot corn mat’ perhaps be inter
esting.
The cane lands in Louisiana are redeemed to
agriculture by strong embankments along the
river, and by numerous ditches, which extend
back into the swamp to a considerable distance
beyond the line of cultivation. The ground is
still further divided, bj' smaller ditches, into lots
of from one to two acres in extent. It is ex
tremely rich and productive, but the expense of
draining end keeping up the embankments must
be considerable; this forms the first difference
to be noted in the culture of the two plants un
der consideration.
The best season for planting cane in Louisi
ana is in the fall, which is also the time of har
vest, when labor is the most valuable, and the
greatest exertions are required to secure the crop
before it is destroyed by frost.
But the most striking difference will be found
in the cost of seed, and in the labor of planting.
The cane is propagated by layers; these are
partly furnished from the tops of the plants,when
cut for grinding, but are principallv ratoons. Os
the latter it requires the produce of one acre to
plant three. The grain from one acre of corn
will be sufficient for planting forty acres; there
fore the difference in the expense for seed will be
as one to thirteen.
In planing cane, furrows are made with the
plough from two and a half to thr’ec feet apart;
in these the layers are placed, in a double row,
and the earth drawn over them, with hoes, to
the depth of three or four inches.
In the spring, before the plants are up, this
covering is partly scraped oil, so as to leave them
buried from one to two inches. From this ac
count it is evident that no more manual labor
will be required to drill fifty acres in com, than
to plant one acre in cane. The labor of culti
vating the latter plant during its growth is also
greater, but this may be balanced by the extra
work required to take oft' the embryo ears from
the com. When cultivated in the mode recom
mended, the stalk of coin is soft, remarkably
heavy, and full of juice from bottom to top. —
The amount of power required for grinding them
must be much less than is necessary for cane,
or, what is the same thing, an equal power will
do it with greater rapidity. The average yield
of cane, in Louisiana, is one thousand pounds
of sugar and forty-five gallons of molasses per
acre. From the above comparative statement,
it would appear that one-half this amount of
crop from corn would be equally if not more
profitable.
I will only add, in conclusion, that whether or
not the sugar from the com-stalk may soon be
come an article of profitable export, its manu
facture in the simplest form will enable every
family to supply themselves with this article for
common use, now become so much a necessary
of life, and thus save a considerable bill of ex
pense yearly paid for foreign sugars.
Extract from Aniudes de la Societe Polytedmique,
Pradique No. 22, for October, 1839.*
Sugar or Corn.—There is no plant of great
er interest or utility than Indian coin. It can
serve, under a great variety of different forms,
for the nourishment of man and the domestic
animals, and above all, the application of indus
trious science.
In reference to its saccharine qualities, maize
has not been sufficiently appreciated. Travel
lers report that under the tropics the stalk of this
plant is so very saccharine that the Indians suck
it as in other places they do the sugar cane. M.
Pallas, who has made a great many researches
on this application of maize, has arrived at a re
markable result; he litis found by mart)' Hiper"
ments, both in France and more recently in Af
rica, that this vegetable, by a simple modifica
tion applied to its culture.'is able to furnish a
much more considerable quantity of sugar than
by the ordinary method. This method consists
in detaching from the plant, immediately after
the fecundation of the ovaries, (after the plant
has tasselled,) the young ear, and to leave it to
develop itself, thusdeprived of its fruit. Arriv
ed at maturity, the stalk of Indian corn contains
stystalizable sugar iu quantity very often double
that obtained when the plant is left to mature
with the grain. In fact, by the ordinary mode
of culture, the grain is nourished at the expense
of the sugar in the stalk, as it absorbs a great
quantity of this immediate princi; le, which, by
the process of nutrition, is converted into starch.
On the other hand, if the young ears are imme
diately destroyed, the sugar intended to nourish
them remains in them, where it accumulates,
and the maize plant is thus converted into a true
sugar cane, while the fibrous part can be manu
factured into paper.
The quantity of sugar is so very great in the
stalk of the maize, deprived of the ear, that the
pith of tliis vegetable retains a sensible flavor of
sugar, even after it has been dried, as is easily
S roved by examining the specimens deposited by
f. Pallas in the bureau ot the Academy of Sci
ences. These results are so important as to
merit experiments on a grander scale, which
may obtain thus tor France a source of new in
dustry in the manufacture of sugar.
H. L. Ellsworth.
Dear Shi:—Your favor is duly received. You
request to know the best method of crystalizing
corn syrup, and I know of no more ready meth
od to afford the information required, than lode
tail the entire mode which should be pursued for
its manufacture:
Ist. To cut the cane as ripe as possible, but
before anv acetic acid is formed: litmus paper,
touched to the fresh ent cane, will turn red it
acid.
2d. Express the juice without loss of time, as
every moment after cutting will deteriorate its
quality.
3d. 'A small quantity of clear lime water (say
one quart to a hundred gallons of juice) should
be added the moment it is expressed, unless the
juice shows'acidity with litmus paper; in that
case, too, lime should be used, but a solution of
sal soda or soda ash, should be added, until it is
precisely neutral.
4th. When the juice is neutral (free from ex
cess of acid or alkali) it should be evaporated
in such an aparatus as would finish its change
in thirty minutes, if the boiling power is too
small good crystalization cannot possibly be ob
tained.
The whole time occupied from the cuttingot
the cane to finishing its boiling should not ex
ceed one hour.
sth. Tok note when theioiUwg is finished, place
a thermometer in the kettle, and continue to
evaporate until it stands at 239* Farenheit.—
If, ivhen placed to run off after cooling, jtshould
be found too freely boiled, the next trine boil
to 240*, or, if too light to run off, to 238*, and
so on.
6th. The kettle or boiler should be so arranged
that the moment it is done its charge should be
thrown into a cooler, capable of holding a num
ber of charges. The first charge should be left
in the cooler, without stiiring, until the second
charge is thrown in; then with an oar scrape the
crystals found on the side and bottom of the
cooler loose, and gently stir the whole mass to
gether, (the less stirred the better,) so continue,
at the letting in of each charge, to stir gently;
and when all is in the cooler, let the whole stand
until it cools down to 175*; then fill out into su
gar moulds of a capacity not less than 14 gal
lons. When cooled in the mould sufficient,(say
fourteen hours,) pull the plug out of the bottom
of the mould, and insert a sharp point, nearly as
large as the hole, some six inches; withdraw the
point, and stand the mould on a pot to drip.
7th. If the sugar is intended to be brown,
leaving it standing on the pot for a sufficient
length of time, in a temperature ofßo*, will rim
off its molasses, and leave it in a merchantable
shape; it will probably require twenty days. It
can then be thrown out ol the moulds, and will
be fit for use. When moulds cannot be obtain
ed, conical vessels of wood or metal with a hole
■ at the apex, will answer equally as well.
The above-description will be sufficient for
any operator, if strictly followed; but should any
of your friends wishto make the experiment on
a large scale, or to produce white instead ot
brown sugar at a single operation, they had bet
ter see me personally before commencing, as the
kind of kettle, and many other minor particulars,
wi’l be important. The above description, how
ever, is fuilv sufficient for the use of the farmer.
If the juice of the cornstalks be manufactured
with the rapidity named in the former part ot
this letter, no clarification will be necessary’, and
scum which mav rise during the boiling can be
taken off with a'skimmer; but in the large way,
both clarification and filtration would be requi
site, as in large operations every part ol the ket
tle cannot be got at to skim. Since I last saw
you, I have made some experiments on the corn
stalk; and if your statements are correct as to
the quantity of juice which can be obtained
from the acre, then there can be no doubt of its
entire superiority over the sugar cane. I fear
however, that the enthusiasm of those who made
the experiments you spoke of has led them into
error. It is true that the juice of the cornstalk,
grown with a view to sugar making, will yield a
juice at 10° Baume. I have made arrangements
to try the experiments fully in the coming sum
mer, and when done will communicate the re
sults. I remain, sir. vours respectfully,
J. J. M
Hon. H. L. Ellsworth.
’Translated at the Patent Office, and highly
conformatory of Mr. Webb’s essay.
Correspondence of the Charleston Courier.
London, March 3, 1843.
The following was posted up at the Bank el
England yesterday:
“Tho Governor and Company of the Bank
of England are ready until further notice, to re
ceive applications or loans upon the deposite of
approved Bills of Exchange, not having more
than six months to run, Exchequer Bills and
East India Bands, such loans to be repaid, on
or before the 17th April, with interest at the
rate ol 3 per cent p -rannum, and to be forsums
not less than .£2OOO each. In every case of an
advance by the Bank of England, in pursuance
of the notice dated this day, a promissory note
will be required, whether such advance be upon
Bills of Exchange, Exchequer Bills, or East In
dia Bonds."
The only point connected with the present no
tice is the reduction of the interest upon the
loans from 3j to 3. On former occasions,when
the depression of trade was considered to be of
a temporary character, the reduction of the rate
of interest to such a low standard by the Bank
was manifestly held by writers on the currency
to be fraught with great danger, from the direct
stimulus it is calculated to give to undue spec
ulation; but nobody seems al prevent to have
the slightest apprehension that it will be attend
ed with the slightest hazard whatever. The
reason of this change of circumstances and of
opinion is now obripus on the surfgpe. The
average rale of profit op prqduption, (which
must always in the endgpvetp the average val
ue ol money,) issued by the beat class pf secu
rities, is so low that there is no demand for eu»
plus capital. The actual value ot money in
the open market, clearly establishes this fact,
the rale of discount on bills being now lj to 2
per cent.
Match between Bi.ve Dick and Register.
—A correspondent at Baltimore, says the New
York Spirit of the Times, writes us tothe follow
ing effect: —“There is a probability of a match
between Blue Dick and Register, to come off
this spring at Alexandria, four mile heats, lor
S2,O(X), forfeit Ssoo.—The forfeit is already up
on Register’s part, and nothing but “a say so”
on the part of Blue Dick is requisite to make it
a race.
JHR National Inlclligener.r.
Nctv Political Mnvemeid.
IWe jftugroig ol last week in the city ol New
YorS, WFobji'i: ot which was io present Presi
dent Tj iyi- as a candidate for re-election, has
been Io lowed by a retreat of those who got it
up, of ivhich the best mat can be said is, that it
was much more rapid than their advance to the
position -from which the retreat is made.
From tint New York Express we learn that,
on Monday night last, the Tyler Central Com
mittee, over which Major Noah presided, held
a meeting at their head-quarters, Military Hall,
in the Buwery; when Mr. James H. Haymond
offered a resolution that the Committee should
throw itself into the arms of their ‘Democratic
brethren,' the members going into their respect
ive Wards to strive, in conjunction with the
Loeofbcbi, to promote the interests of Mr. Ty
ler, wiijE.ii eyetohis nomination in the Loco
loco IMfonal Convention 1 The resolution
was After which, a resolution, bke
wise oflHv by Mr. Raymond, that the Commit
tee die, was passed: and thus (says
the Express) dies the Tyler patty in New York.
What reception these contrite andreprtitant
thijdparty men will meet with from the Locolb
co party, we can only judge from the indica
tions vim tty the leading journal-ol that cast
of poUlfcs. It is only a lew days ago that, ap
parently anticipating this countermarch, the
Globe, the Iqader of one great division of “the
party,” tbns denounced it:
“Mr. Tyler, and- his ussmi'itesin power, have
expect from the Democracy asubory.
it cannot be bought, but the Arnolds in its
camp can, and, through them, it may be betray
ed. It, through siiyh means, the Administra
tion shotfid be able to exert any efficient control
in the Presidential election, it will then strike a
bargain with some of the aspirants embodying
a perifohal or sectional popularity to rally upon,
and w ill surrender every thing it can eouiiuaui!
t;> secmajtalodginent for itself under the new
incumbent it may help into power,” &c.
Such is the uniforui tenor of a number of ar
ticlesleferripg to this subject, which have late
ly appeared in the Globe and the Pennsylvanian.
It is plainly enough to be seen that a great con-,
flicl for ascendancy in “the party” has yet to be
fought, between the Van Buien division on the
one all the other divisions, including
the Administration and its power and patron
age, on ffie other. In that conflict blows are to
be as taken; and the Van Buren
their host if they suppose
their own way. 541!
the‘fffiTisfon that tne contest affords wifi be for
the bvs’antfers.
To enable our readers to form a conception ol'
the amiable spirit in which ibis contest is like
ly to be fcarried on, we extract a sentence or two
from the leading articles by the editorial cham
pions of the two parties in this city, in their
publication- of Wednesday evening last.
Prom the Globe.
“We have observed its (the Madisonian’s)
case with a sort of philosophical curiousity,
(not having any thing of importance io do,) iu
ascertain what was the type of [its] maladay;
whether drivelling idiocy, a mononianifi run
ning on a particular subject, occasional lunatic
extravagance, or a continual stupidity, driven
now and then to make striking displays of inco
herent absurdities, excited by the consi.teralfon
that it is a Government organ, having the func
tion to perforin of representing an Administra
tion which wields the affairs of a great repub
lic. We are persuaded, from the evidence of
the last piece of dullness which the editor has
perpetrated, under a more tlitm ordinary degree
ol stimulation, that all his marvellous eccen
tricities have their origin (like Malvolio’s) iu
natural silliness, worked up t > mighty attempts
by the elation of an extraordinary and unex
pectedjejevation,” &c.
From the .Madisonian of same Evening.
“Tnevirtuous and patriotic Globe man, as
the editor ol a paltry paper in Washington,
fancies himseli the absolute master and dictator
ol Detnociacy; and, between bullying and coax
ing, feroeity am; tears, presents a must pitiable
spectßcle. Os late, this personage has appa
rently g me insane, and Lis motion.'.’ are very
muci! those of a horse-fly w ith his head oil'. He
flies tbout, it is true, but to all appearance with
out knowing what he is after, or where he goes
to, ancthe consequence is, that he is constantly
butlin; himself against brick walls and stone
fences: and whenever he finds himself thus
“headtd,” he takes to spinning aroun I and ma
king adreadful noise,” &c.
Os lhe further progress of this rare contro
versy ye shall endeavor from time to time to
keep utr readers duly advised.
ThiGreat Iron Sth imer.—A late English
p: peroas the following notice of the mammoth
Iron seamer erected at Bristol:
Thcgreat iron steamer, the largest vessel ever
built mended to p y between tins country and
New fork, is now complete, except her decora
tive ]««:, an i she will be enabled to go to sea,
it is licit red in the spring of the present year.
I’he lulloiviag details repecting her can hardly
fail to prove interesting in the United States,
where she w.U soon be an object of wonder.
She win be capable of ace.imiuodating 303
first class passengers in fine and alter cabins,
and ol carrying 1500 tons of merchandise and
upward.
Her accommodation- will’..a as peifcfct as
ample space, ingenuity, til.- line arts, and the
best of taste call produce. She will be appoint
ed ffnd fined With eiarrv. trreenuuu retainis to .
steamships wfnth tire present generation has in
troduced. The arrangehicms inffile for officers,
trew, sevants, and a limited number of second
class passengers, are most excellent; ifthe com
bined powers of mar. could ensure success, this
wonderful vessel will not be found wanting.
The following are her dimensions, with de
tailed particulars of the iron used in her const! no
tion :
Length 320 feet.
Beam 51 "
Depth (total from inside of the upper
deck tothe keel 31 “ 4 in.
Draught of water when loaded 16 “
Tonnage (old measurement) 3500 tons
Displacement of water when drawing
16 feet 3060 “
Enginei, four, ol 300 horse power each
The pistes of the keel are one inch thick, and
all the plates under waler are J to half an inch
thick at tic top, except the upper plate, which is
j. She is clinker built, and double livited
throughou ; toward the extremities and quite
aloft thicknesses are reduced gradually to
7-16ths. The ribs are framed of angle iron, 6
inches ly 3] by half an inch thick, at the bottom
of the vessel, and 7-16ths at the top; the mean
distance oftlie ribs from centre to centre is 11
inches, ani all these ribs will be doubled; the
distance is then increased to 18 inches, and then
gradually to2l inches at the extremities.
The boiler platform isof plate iron, supported
upon ten iron kelsons, of which the centre ones
are 3 feet 3 inches deep; thesekelsons are formed
like the flooring of iron plates placed i n edge.
The hull is divided into five distinct compart
ments, by means of water-tight bulkheads. The
decks, five innumber, consist of the cargo deck,
and an intermediate one of iron, and two cabin
decks, 7 inches thick, and an upperdeck, 5 inch
es thick, of wood ; these are strengthened and
supported longitudinally by three course-, ot
wooden upright pillars, 9 inches in diameter,
running from lhe kelsons tothe uppermost deck.
Her rigging is hermaphrodite, with six masts,
the whole ol which, excepting the mainmast,
(which is square rigged,) lowers, as occasion re
quires, on a level with thetdeck, being secured at
their basesin sockets, binged, of a fit in and pe
culiarconstruction. She will be propelled by-
Smith’s patent A rchimedean screw of the proper
power and size required by the four engines of
1200 horse power, which are to work it.
These engines are splendid specimens of me
chanism, as complete as they can be manufac
tured, and have been placed in the vessel at
right angles, for the purpose of their working to
suit her buil I, and for the better distribution of
their dead weight. There are six boilers, with
four feeders to each. The whole of the above,
and indeed every thing connected with her ma
chinery, an 1 construction, bare been mani’fae
turedt.tilie >..:c:.t '•Vro.c.n. .’.tt-am Ship • ’o.a
pany’s depots.
Cure of Hoarseness.—Th? hoarseness
proceedingfioffiTaryngeal and tracheal inflam
mation, as well as that of idiopathic kind caus
ed by long speaking or singing, or that which
supervenes during fevers of a typhoid type, has
been treated*successfully by the external appli
cation ofcroton oil. Dr. Trusen, of Posen,em
ploys friction with from five to ten drops of the
oil over the larynx, but over only a small area,
as the pustular eruption it caused has a great
tendency to spread, particularly by persons with
an irritable spine, for whom if ought to be used
mixed with olive oil.— London Medical Times.
Cheap.—There is a theatre in Cincinnati,
the price of admission to which to the boxes is
5 cents—children under six feet half price. La
dies not allowed to smoke in the house.
Operation for Club Foot.— We saw re
cently a case of this malformation ia vLich tl.e
operation of tenotomy had been performed with
complete success by Prof. Gios.-.. The distor
tion was that variety known by the name of pes
varus, where the foot is turned inwards, the
weight of the body resting on the outer side ofthe
ancle-joint; if was congenital and existed in
both limbs. We did not see the operation, but
are informed that it was executed with the Pro
fessor's accustomed coolness :.nd dexterity. It
consisted in the introduction oi a delicate knite
in front of and elose to the temto achillis, and the
subsequent division of the latter. Scarcely a
dropof blood was lost from the little puncture
made by the instrument. After (he lapse of a
day or two, the toot and leg were placed in a
simple but neat case or box made of stout leatU
er, a«d padded to prevent friction or injury from
pressure; this bas been worn almost constantly
for about four weeks, having in the beginningjjf
the treatment been occasionallyremoveddurirg
the day, and the resultis, so far as we can see, a
perfect and entire cure. Both limbs appear well
shaped, and the little fellow seems to have per
feet use of them. Whit is par icuLtriy deser
ving of notiee in this case is the simplicity of
lhe treatment and the very short space of time
required for perfecting il
We make this statement at the special request
ofthe parent, who infcrnH us that his child has
never experienced the lean suffering or lost an
hour’s- sleep in consequence ol the operation.—
LcniisuiUe Journal.
THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 30. |
A'.lo I.IXt <.U.tl..Ji.
t.lur friends of the “C'cnrgm (tlume) Ctairi' i ll
discourse iu die following strain, on the subject
ol a noniin .lion by the Whigs of Georgia of a
proper van.li.lffie lb: Governor at the ensuing
election in October. For ourselves we have no
particular preference as to the location of the
nominee, whether he be elected from one por
tion or another of toe State. 11, however, he
should be elected from old liicluuoud, we feel
confident she could fill the Executive chair with
such an incumbent as Georgia has not known
for years. But we care not whence he hails, all
we desire is, that he be a go.xl and true Whig,
ol acknowledged ability and sterling integrity—
one who will give tone and character to bis ad
ministration, and leave the impress of his ge
nius upon the affairs of the St.itc; for the sujs
|H)rt oi such an one, we shall not be loth io
buekle on our armor, and enlist for the war,
determined to do our duty la the State, and the
cause of sound Whig jiriueiples. That we
have such in our ranks, no one will question,
who will scan the long array of distinguished
names that the Whig party ate able to present.
I'he Southern \\ big has given expression io
the feelings and wishes of a large number ot vo
ters in every portion ot the Stale, by proposing
the na:nr ot Anbury Hull as a candidate for Gov
ernor, at tne ensuing election. His political a
bilily, and experience anti his many private vir
tues would cuiiuitess render his nomination ac
ceptable should he be chosen by lhe convention.
Judging from whatweseearoundnsinthissec
tion of the State, we should be disposed to look
to Richmond rather than to c larke, for the can
didate most available and one equally worthy
and talented; but we have no fears that the dele
gates of the party when assembled, will overlook:
the claims otanyof the distinguished men whonx
we have heard mentioned in connection with the:
office and we forbear to express our individual
preference, instead ol securing, the unanimity
so desirable in tiie prt simt instance, we think:
such suggestion laotigh well merited and intend
e i, more likely to produce division ami disemu.
They are calculated e expectation in the
friends of the Bever.ll gentlemen whose ■names 4
are brought so jxominently before lhe public,
and some degree of coliines'i mr.st result from,
their disappointment. They would doubtless,
acquiesce in the decision ot the Convention, but:
the occasion demands some thing more than in
different submission. Let tae choice be so made
as to wound none, to disappoint none, and still
to select the candidate strongest be.’ore the whole
people, and y ill ensure the harmonious and ac
tive co-operation ol our friends in every section,
ol the State, and upon this alone depends our
success. We ate confident that many of theop
posite party disgusted with the wretched admin
istration o our .State government, both in itsex
ecutiye and legislaiivedepartments will not re
gret. il they do not contribute to our success, nor
should we i e astonished that this should be the
case with men who esteem more highly the in
terest, the welfare tied the honor of the mate,
than the poii) : ratification of a petty patty tri
umph. Witoufany party that loves Georgia and
her interests, but will rejoice to see her politit al
destinies confided to men who will not endeavor
to Ixilster up their popularity, at the expense, of'
her reputation, but who possess the moral cour
age and political honesty to adopt whatever
means may he necessary h> regain her lost credit,
to rede .'in her liabilities, to r. store her currency,
to a so’itid’i!’. I imiioi i.l standard and to prosecute
to some i "it,t of usefulness her gitatjStale Ro.id,
which w. 11 scatter its blessings with a liberal
hand from the mountains to the Sea board,
the. Convention present whomsoever it shall
deemmost proper mid most likely to a louse and
unite our b lends, ami we shall enter the contest
with the spirit and confidence inspired by a
good case.
Tin: M iu.s.—The Charleston Courier of
yesterday says—Owing'to the boisterous state of
the weather yesterday, tl.e Wilmington Boat,
with tlie Northern Mail, had not arrived wlmen
we pul ottr paper to press last night.
Guin.— The long agony is over—The GeoTy
niandering < f the State completed. Ohio Jias
been so districted I n’ Men bers of Congress as
to give the Whites hut sir, the Loco Focos/i/-
/?■/!, on an even vote—as follows:
Counties. Vote in 1842. Z.tro.
1. Hamilton SR/‘> 7,122
2. Under, Prebh , Duike ./ ’ -57*2
•Clinton, Greene. Montgomery, Wm . en .9,.4-,879
4. (’humpaign, C’laikr, Logan’ Madison,
Miami. Lilian 9
Allen, liaidin, Henry, Lucas, Mercer.
Paulding. Putnam, bhelby, Van Wert.
Williams 4,207 r?or,j
6. Crawfonl. Hancock, Ottawa, .Sandusky,
Seneca. Wood 4 020
7. Brown, t'lrrniout. Higlilaut! 3,651 4,,485
A. Adams. Hocking,Jackson, Pike, R055..5.622 <6,104
9. Eairfield, Fayette, Pickaway 5,1>3 iojoo2
10. Franklin, Knox. J.ii king 7,A*'? .'/>55
11. brltni are. Mat ion. Kielil.tml 5,697 7J561
12. ‘Athens. Gallin Lawience,Meigs, Scioto.s.rM3 -*,073
lb. Morgan, Perry. Washington 4,704 -5,244
11. ‘Guernsey, .Muskingum. .5,887 21,203
15. Belmont, Hurrisun, Monroe 5,332 6,521
16. Coshocton. Holrnta, Tuscarawa*...... JIJ
17 eurr.-sB, .lenerspn 6.4/5 7.18*J
18- ■ tela»k.AYayire.. 4.(XH .3,844
19. ‘Portage. .Summit. Trumbull 7.876
20. ‘Ashtabula. Cuyahogo, Geauga, Lake.. .8,075 <4,609
21. Etie, Huron, Lorain, Medina 6.191 <1,386
Total, G Whig (*); 15 Locofoco Disttiota. 129,964
These Districts are grossly unequal in s ize,
as will be seen by their vote, several throwing
15,000 votes, and others less than 10,(X)0. The
Whigs are cheated as bad as they could be.
.V. Y. Tr ib mix .
The Late Congress.
The Washington correspondent ol the New
York "American” alluded in lhefollowingterms
to the late Congress, soon after its final adjourn
ment.
“The Whig congress is remarkable ibrmamy
peculiar circumstances, distinct and apart from
political cl a acteri-tics or acts. It has been in
actual session more than one year and a quar
ter, being now in the sixteenth month ot its le
gislative labor. No other Congress ever sat
twelve months. This has sat more months,
more weeks, more day.-, and more hours now
than any other since the beginning of the Gov
ernment. It has made more speeches, done more
business, received more peti ons, examined
more cases, made more reports, printed more
documents, acted on more resolutions, passed
more private bills, ryfrCtZ more private bills,
passed more public Lilis into acts and laws, rc
jic.ed more public bills, and had more bills tc
toei,- effected more and greater retrenchments,
caused more reiorms in parliamentary rules,
lost more membeis by resignation, lost mo: j by
death than any previous Congress. Thirteen
have died. Seven have lost their wives by
death during this Congress. Nine have
xied since their election. Twei.vf.oi' more have
lost their children by death during that time.—
Seven Senators and tirelre Representatives have
resigned. Os the twelve Representatives so re
signing three have been re-elected to the same
seats in th's same Congress. Several have been
very ill and neat to death. One las had his leg
broken. One [Mr. Sprigg of Ky.] has'had bis
car bit off ina fight. Three have been falsely
reported as dead ; and published notices to that
effect have been generally believed throughout
the country for a time.
Os the more distinguished men in this Twenty
Seventh Congre-s, one has been President and
one Vice President of the United States; two
have been Secretaries ol State, one Secretary
of the Treasuiy, one Secretary of War, one
Secretary of tire Navy, one Postmaster General,
two Attorneys General, four Ministers Plenipo
tentiary, two Speakers of former fiousesof Rep
resentatives, liltcen Govetnors and Lieutenant
Governors i f Stales and Territories. Six or
more li.'ive ; e:: I, • lifrictes m ihe-r j attics
tor Governots ol tstates. Turee have been un
successful candidates for the Presidency. Two
others hare in former periods been the candidates
of their party for the Vice Presidency ofthe U
nited States.
“Os the members of the two Houses of this
Congress, three were members of Congress more
than forty years ago. Others have been Mem
bers for more than twenty years in unbroken
succession. Several others were Members more
than thirty years ago. Several others more
than twenty years. Three are more than seven
ty years old. One only twenty eight.
“Os those who have been Members of this
Congress and have been eminent in public ser
vice, and who will not be Membeis ofthe next,
1 need only name Clay, Calhoun, Preston,
Sergeant, Granger, Fillmore, Salttonstall,
Morrow, (among the living.) Southard, Lewis,
Williams, and Lawrence, (among the dead,) —
to show that the next Congress cannot replace
to the country what it loses in this. I might
lengthen this list by the addition of many faith
ful, devoted, distinguished, honored and lielov
ed patriots who now leave the public service,
some for a briefinterval, no doubt, but too many
forever. The aggregate ot' lame, stability, fidel
ity and worth which this Congress has exhibit
ed to the country, has been ‘rarely equalled—
never excelled.’
“But of those incidental and accidental pecu
liarities and distinctions oi this Congress, the
various circumstances above detailed from a
memory especially inclined to treasure singular
facts and coincidences, —may but serve for the
entertainment of the idly curious. Far graver
characteristics, higher distinctions, more active
virtues, and positive results—form th® more
solid memorial of this Congress and its
lasting claim on the respect arsi gratitude of thia
Nation.
“This Whig Congress has sat four hundred
and fifty days,has passed more than/ear AioufrerZ
bills into Acts, (nearly twice as many as any
previous Congress,)—made more than'/t.-a thou
sand Reports, occupying more than twenty-five
thousand printed pages and circulated several
trnndred. thousand copies of valuable documents
among the people for their information on pub
lic affairs.
An Item for Messrs. Hall, Boz, Trollope
&Co.—Out in some of the new parts of the
West and South-vest killing a man with big
sticks is now called "ringing , ,ia gush of clubs
on him.'’
Origin of the Name “Old Dominion,” as
applied to Virginia.
There is, in tne iiosse’. i.ai ot toe M:. s;rehu
setts Historical Society, a coin oi lac iolionuig
description: Ou one sine i- a head, and the
words “Georgius HI. Rex.;” outlie other side
is a shield, on which are quartered the arms of
England, Scotland, Ireland and Virginia. The
whole surmounted by a crown, and encircled
with the word, “Virginia 1773.”
A similar coin was dug up a few years since,
and the following statement was published with
the description of it. “During the usurpation
of Cromwell, the colony of V irginia refused to
acknowledge his authority, and declared itself
independent. Shortly after, finding that Crom
well threatened 11 send a lieet and army to re
duce Virginia to subjection, and tearing the
ability of this feeble state to withstand this
force, sue sent over in a small ship, a messen
ger to Charles 11., then an exite, at Breda, in
Flanders. Charles accepted the invitation to
come over, and Le King of Virginia, and was
on tlie eve of embarking, when he was recalled
to tlie throne of England. As soon as he was
restored to the crown of England, in gratitude
for the loyalty oi Virginia, he caused her coat
ot arms to be quartered with those of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, as an independent mem
ber ofthe Empire.
The above coin is clearly confirmatory of
these facts. Hence the origin of the phrase
“Ohl Dominion," frequently applied to Virgin
ia.
History does not confirm all these statements,
though it establishes some ; and sufficiently dis
closes in the conduct of Virginia, during the
Protectorate of Cromwell, a cause lor the origin
of the name "Old Dominion." The facts as
gathered from a variety ot creditable histafrians
appear to be these :
After the death of King Charles First, and
1 and the installation of Oliver Cromwell as
I Protector, the colony of Virginia, refused to
s acknowledge his authority, and the Parliament,
having opposition elsewhere, were not disposed
to submit to such u resistance ot its authority
by the twenty thousand inhabitants of Virginia.
Il issued an ordinance declaring them notorious
robbers and trailois; prohibited all intercourse
with the refractory cuionists, either by tlie j>eo
plc of England, the inhabitants ofthe other A
mericau settlements, or with foreign nations;
and finally, sent over a fleet tinder Sir George
Ayscue, “to overpower the provincial royalists,
Hie last traces of jfionarchical
authority, that still lingered in tlie eitremitiesof
the empire.” 'l he Cotfiuiissioners’ “appointed
to accompany this expedition” were empuweied
to try in the first instance, the efficacy ot par
dons and other conciliatory propositions in re
ducing the colonists to obedience; but it their
pacific overtures should prove ineffectual, they
were then to employ every species ot hostile
operation, &c.
. rom Batbadoes, Sir George Ayscue de.«-
jiau lied Capt. Dennis, with a small squadron
of ships, to the Chesapeake, to land his forces,
and drive Sir William Berkley out of Virginia;
lor, during the whole preceding struggle of
Charles 1., and the Parliament, the Virginians
were firm on lhe side of their King, and enacted
agledaration, “that they were born under a mo
naichy, and would never degenerate from the
condition of their births, by being subject to any
other government.” After the King was be
headed, they acknowledged the authority ot the
fugitive Prince, and actually continued the pro.
vuicial government under a commission, which
he sent to Sir William Berkley, from his retreat
at Breda, she young Prince was not, howev
er, actually invited over to establish a kingdom
iu Virginia; though, according to Clarendon,
Sir W illiatn Berkley was so assured ofthe loy
alty of lhe inhabitants, and so impressed with
confidence of ultimate success, that he wrote to
him, "al most inr cling hi into America.” In these
acts consisted the enmity ofthe Parliament to
the Governor: and for this open defiance ot its
power, Virginia was to be ravaged by a fleet on
her waters, and insi.lious assass’ins on her soil.
Htsloiians difier greatly as tothe proceedings
ot Sir William, after the arrival of the fleet
within the capes of Virginia ; several, as Bev
etly, (p. 5-1) Ohilnixon (i. 375) Burke (Euro
pean settlements ii. 223) Grahame (i. 99,) have
asserted that he made a great show of resistance,
assisted by tlie Dutch snips in the harbor, and
the Royalists, who were tlie majority ol the pop
ulation.
Bancroft, however, (i. 223) citing contempo
rary authorities ofthe Highest value, says, “no
sooner had the Guinea frigate anchored in tne
waters of the Chesapeake, than, (quoting from
Clarendon,) “all thoughts ot resistance were laid
aside.” . It marks, continues Bancroft, the cha
racter of lhe Virginians; that they refused to
surrender to force, but yielded by a voluntary
deed and a mutual compact. By the articles of
surrender, a complete indemnity was stipulated
for all past offences; and the colonists, recogni
zing tlie authority, were admitted into the bosom
ofthe English commonwealth, and expressly as
sured ofan equal participation in all the privi
leges ofthe free people of England. In particu
lar, it was provided that the provincial Assem
bly should retain i:s wonted functions, anti that
“tlie peoj.le ol Virginia shall have as free trade
as the people of England, to all places and with
all nations;” and, “shall be tree Irom all taxes,
customs and impositions wnuisoever, witnout
the consent of their own assembly.” Berkley
disdained to make any stipulation for himself,
with those whotn his principle-ArftoxaltyraughL.
-niin to regard as usurjirs. Without leaving
Virginia, he withdrew to a retired situation,
whete he continued to reside as a jirivate indi
vidual, universally beloved and respected, till a
new revolution was to summon him once more
to dety the republican forces of England, and
restore the ascendancy of royalty in the colo
ny.
This was in March, 1652. And affairs con
tinued much in this state until 1660. In the
mean time, Richard Bennet, Edward Diggs,
and Samuel Matthews, had been severally elec
ted by the Burgesses, Governor of Virginia, un
der allegiance to Oliver Cromwell, and on his
death, in 1658, to Richard Cromwell. Butin
1660, Gov. Matthews died, and the people, dis
contented with some commercial restrictions
imposed by the Protectorate, did not wait for a
new commission from England, but elected Sir
Win. Berkley, and “by an obliging violence,
compelled him to accept the Government.” He,
however, refused to act under the usurpation ol
the Cromwells, and would not consent, unless
they “joined with him in venturing their lives
and fortunes for the King, who was then in ex
ile.”
“This,” stj’s Bevetly, “was their dearest
wish, and therefore, witli an unanimous voice,
they told him that they were ready to hazard all
for the King.”
Now, this was actually before the King's re
turn for England, and proceeded from a brave
principle of loyalty, lor which they had no ex
ample. ■ Sir Win. Berkley embraced their
choice, o.nil. forthwith proclaimed Charles II King
of England, Scotland, Ireland and Virginia., and
caused all processes to be issued in his name.
Th us his .Majesty was actually King in Virginia
b-fiore he was in England. On the restoration of
the King, he sent Sir William a new commis
sion, and granted him permission to visit Eng
land.
He was received by the monarch with much
kindness, and there is recorded a tradition, that
the King, in compliment to that colonv, wore at
his coronation, a robe made of the silk which
was sent from thence. Such is a condensed
narrative of lhe causes and incidents which
gave to Virginia the honored title of “The Old
Dominion.”
Naval Supremacy.—The recent death of
Com. Hull, says the Baltimore American, has
occasioned frequent reference to the memorable
victory gained oy him over a British f rigate at a
time when the belief ot British invincibility al
sea rested like a spell uponthe world. The suc
cess which tiien gave glory to our flag, and spread
the name of the Republic, far and wide among
the nations, was no accidental success, as the
subsequent victories of our naval heroes abun
dantly proved. But the moral affect of thatsin,
gle victory in giving confidence and eager cour
age t.) our - ....n-u, ano shall calctil .le .’ Au I
u no snail eatcut.nc its practical etteels when it is
considered as the first in a series of triumphs al
ready achievsd, and yet to be achieved in the fu
ture career of this young empire of ours, tilled
with the mighty germsofa gigantic growth 1 It
the wars of Rome and Carthage shall ever be
fought over again on the waters ofthe Atlantic
the termination ofthe conflict will mark the end
ing of a strife thefiist prophetic blow of which
was struck when the Guerriere went do wn. The
sensation produced in England by the loss oft hat
ship and that ofthe Macedonian which soon fol
lowed may be estimated in some sort by the fol
lowing language used by Mr. Canning in the
House otCommons:
“Sir, the loss of these two fine ships of war,
produced a sensation throughout this country,
scarcely to be equalled by the most violent con
vulsions of nature 11 Ido not attribute the slight
est blame to our gallant sailors, who always do
their best; but never can I agree with those who
complain ot the shock of consternation, thro’ont
Great Britain, as having been greater than the
•ccarion justified. Wlu would represent the
loss as insignificant, and the feelings of shame
and indignation occasioned by it, as exaggerated
and extravagant! It cannot'be too deeply felt
that the sacred sjiell of the invincibility of the
British navy has been broken by these unfor
tunate captures; and however speedily we must
all wish the war to terminate, I hope it shall not
be considered as sanguinary and, unfeeling when
1 express my devout wish, that it may not be
concluded, until we have re-established the char
acter of our naval superiority, and smothered in
victories the disasters which we have now to la
ment, and to which we are so little habituated.”
Wounds by’ a Dissecting Knife.—Within
a few weeks, says Dr. Smith’s journal, twe
highly esteemed phys’eians in the neighborhood
ot Boston have lost their lives, it is reported,
from poison imbibed in the examination ol
bodies, through some slight scalpel or needle
wound on a finger. It is alsocurrently reported
that Dr. Hayward, one of the surgeons of the
Massachusetts General Hospital, has recently
suffered alarmingly from the same cause. Ip
other places, likewise, fatal effects have been
produced from the same slight cause.
By turning to the third yqlume ofthe American
Medical Almanac, a paper may be found writ
ten by Dr. Lane, that is worth consulting by
those who are prosecuting dissection.— Boston
Bulletin.
J’ rom lhe Charleston Gourirr.
MH ’.‘:mii I he 1011-iwi.r.' letters on this
subjeclulllbe fouiKlt.mpcm.se tacts ot much
interest. Hi» but ju.-.ito D]-. uffibes that he to
whom his Jetlei is addressed shoulu acknowledge
that the inquisition ol lunacy must include him
us well as Dr. G., for, on reading Dr. G’s. letter
be tried the same experiment and succeeded i.
sitting in his house, by tlie mere silent exertion
of his will, he mesmeriezd bis boy, sitting in the
kitchen in utter unconsciousness of the 'experi
ment attempted on him. R. y.
(Columbia, Match 23,1813.
My Dear Sir: —The latest experiment in mes
merism by myself is the following:
On Monday evening, 1 was reclining on a so
fa before the hru in my parlour. Being tired
witl. hard exercise and feeling unwell, I had no
disposition to read and suddenly it occurred to
me to try my mesmeric powers at a distance,
over my boy who is very susceptible. I knew
not where he was, but supposed him in my
kitchen in a direct line about 40 yards off. I re
quested my liunilywho wre around me not to
speak or make any noisetotake.iffmy attention.
1 directed my will as 1 could towards the subject
and after fifteen minutes sent one of my sons to
the kitchen with an injuctionnot to speak to the
boy but to report to me what his conuiuon was.
He returned laughing anil informed me that he
was apparently very sleepy, his head on his
hand, i&e. I continued five minutes longer and
lie then found him asleep—in the mesmeric state,
and could not we waked. 1 sent immediately
for a friend, Col.—, who came to my house, and
Dr.—also diopped in. 1 requested them to visit
the boy, and determine whether he was asleep.
1 agreed with them, as soon as they examined
him; to take a glass of wine and prick my hand.
'1 hey were satisfied that he was in the mesmeric
state. I drank tlie wine, lie AicaZ/otrek—l pricked
my hand.AenoZirerfzA:/irfca Z rubbed his hand.
I did nolleave;my sola during these experiments.
1 siiould also mention that before the arrival ol
the gentlemen, a lady of my laruily visited the
boy and informed me that lie was sitting very un
comfortaidy where he was. 1 willed him to get
up and take a seat on a chair whicli was near
him. She returned to him, and saw him doashe
was directed.
The experiment being now settled, I went to
him, and shewed several magnetic and phreno
logical experiments. I thru returned to the
house. 1 now willed him to come to me. He
kit the kitchen and came into the house and
walked to me. snow ordered him to wake up
in presence of the company,. which he did. I
have tried to act on his phrenological organs by
will, but have never been able to succeed.
I have no objections to your publishing this
letter, if you will guaranty that a writ “de inna
tico inquirendo” be not issued against it'. 'l he
fact is well authenticated, and exists in spile of
the ridicule and sneers at the delusion, by those
whose pride of opinion influences their judg
ment to reject what they' have not experienced.
Mr. Townsend, Dr. Buchanan and others, have
practised tiris experiment successfully. I'liisis
the first I have known in my own experience of
a case acted on at a distance, and without the
knowledge of tho subject. 1 have bv will put a
case to sleen in the same room, without the in
dividual knowing of my’ intention.
1 have extracted a large molar tooth from a '
second patient without her knowledge—in the
presence of proper witnesses.
A scientific friend laughed at me tor having
no theory to explain experiments which I shew
ed him. I think men should first be convinced
off acts whicli they deny, before they ask for ex
planations. I have no theory, lam a cellector
ol facts, and will continue to do so when oppor
tunity occur, Ibrscientific purposes, and leave
sceptics to enjoy lhe extraordinary credulity’ of
unbelief.
Yours, truly,
ROBERT W. GIBBES, M. D.
R. Yeadon, Esq.
Srarcuing the Isi.e or Pines.—An arrival
at New York on the 22d, brings intelligence that
the IT. S Ship Vincennes, Capt. Buchanan,
previous to her arrival at Trinidad on the 2lst.
ult. bad touched off lhe “Isle of Pines,” anil that
an expedil ion consisting of three boats, eight offi
cers, and forty men, under tlie command of
Lieut. J. K. Mitchell, accompanied by’ Lieut.
Wainwright and Purser Bryan, were despatch
ed to make a thorough examination ofthe Isle
of Pines, and all the adjacent Keys. They’
were -fully armed, and provisioned for thirty
days; and it is to be hoped they will succeed in
breaking up the piratical haunts, said to exist
in those places.
The U. S. Schr. Enterprise, Lieut. Wilson,
commander, bearing the broad pennant of Com
modore Morris, arrived at Buenos Ayres on the
6th of January.
The frigaje United States arrived at Honolu
lu on the sth of December, and remained in port
on the 7th to sail next day for (Jaliafbmia and
Mexico.
From Washington.—A Washington corres
pondunt ofthe New York Express writes: —“ln
addition to lhe return of Mr. Todd from Russia,
and Mr. Jenifer from Austria, which seems to
be pretty clearly ascertained facts, I am also ad
vised, unofficially of course, that the return ot
Mr. Barrow from Portugal, Mr. Barber from
>2';<iiufr< .‘‘‘“LA!.cJloiilware from the Sicilies,
(resident at NapTesj may exjiected during
the coining summer; one or two of which, per
haps, may return’ etiiliekjn 1 he. auauf. che
■Went or air. ixvereusdeinining the mission to
China, intimations are given that Mr. Cushing
may be called upon to fill the vacancy.
War ofthe Women.—About the year 743,
the War ot the Women, in Bohemia, was
brought to a close. The legend is, that previ
ous to that time the women had become exas
perated by the cruelty and harsh treatment of
the tflen, and had succeeded in training, secret
ly, bodiesof their own sex, and had succeeded
in getting them accustomed to warlike exerci
ses. The Archduke Primislas was a feeble
prince, and when the women liegan openly to
exercise their female legions, he trembled for
his crown. They succeeded in obtaining pos
session ol Diewni and several other smaller
places. The head ot these Amazons was
Wlaska. She had a council ol seven women,
who sat about her throne on golden seats. They
were all distinguished by the success which had
attended their struggles with the men. Sarka,
the prime minister of Wlaska, had enticed her
lover, Styrad by’ her beautv, and by help of a
drugged potion, had lulled him to sleep, and then
delivered him over to the ixurdereis. War was
openly declared upon the men, and for a time
an unexpected success attended the Amazons.
Wlaska permitted them to marry, but the tie
was only binding on the man, and the sons of
such marriages were to be mutilated by cutting
off the right thumb and blinding the right eye.
The girls were to remain with the mothers, and
to be trained by them to warlike exercises, while
he boys were brought up to domestic labors.
The men at length succeeded in raising an ar
my, by which the Archduke was able to over
come this female revolt, and the war was finish
ed. Wlaska was killed, her strong hold of Di.
ewni taken, and her followersslain’or dispersed.
An Expensive Work.—There is now due,
lor engraving, printing and binding the six vol
umes of the Geological Survey ol the State ol
New York, already published, including the two
volumes in press, about $70,C00. The engraving
alone for the whole work, has cost $50,001). To
complete the publication on themosteconomical
plan, it is estimated, says the J’lebian, will cost
$21,500. The total expenses of the survey and
publication is $221,5611. The finance Commit
tee do not anticipate that any very considerable
amount can be realized from the sale ofthe work
and recommend that the copies be liberally’ dis
tributed among literary institutions.
Meteor.—A ineteorul great size and intense
brightness, passed over this city yesterday mor
ning between 3 and 1 o’clock. It eatne from
the South and traveled Northward with prodigi
ous velocity, perfectly illuminating every part
of the city during the time of its transit. One
of the Watchmen describes its size as being
equal to that ot a hogshead, though any esti
mate of it iu.st !■<■ v.„iskte:cd as very uncer
tain. Ihe lagiit was very dark, when the ajra
lite passed over.— Savannah. Republican, March
‘ISlh.
Examination.—Green, of the Boston Post,
gives the following sketch of a recitation in
school—somewhere “down east” we guess.
Class in nateral philosophy will come up and
recite. What is your lesson on to-day '! Hy
derstatics. Who invented hyderstatics? Hy
der Ali. Very well: of what does hyderstatics
treat? It treats with cold water, and father
says that it is improper to treat with any other
liquor What is the law which regulates this
science? It is lhe tnoney-sip-all law. Right;
describe the common pump. The common
pump is a log of wood stuck up near a wharf,
with a box outside of it, stuffed lull of seaweed
to keep it from freezing, it has a spout on one
side and a handle on t’other, and the handle has
a chain round it, secured with a strong padlock,
to keep people from stealing water. How is
the box fixed ?—Donno, sir. Next. With
pump nails, I reckon. Go above him.—What
ma tes water rise in the pump ? It is owing to
the requiem in the bucket, and when you ply
the handle the water rushes out to fill the re
quiem. How high will water rise in thepump?
I’ve seen Jim McFarlane make the spatters fly
as much as two feet over the top, which, added
to the length of the handle, makes the diameter
ofthe column. Very well; you may take your
seats and study lhe engravins.
A Legislature.—ln an unpublished Dic
tionary, a Legislative assembly is called “A
circus’ where each of the performers rides his
own hobby, and takes his turn at playing the
clown.
Jj-Love is the shadow of the morning, which
decreases :.s the da}’ advances. Friendship is
the shadow of the evening, which strengthens
with the setting sun of life.
JV The New York Sunday Mercury is re
sponsihlqJbr the following:—“There is a little
parody going the rounds, calling ladies’ ‘bustles
all a fleeting sl ow,’ and speaking ill of them in
various ways. Now we -ay that
Bustles are NOT an EMPTY
For man’s illusion given!
They’re tilled with bran, or staffed with tow,
They stick out ’bout u feet, or
And look first rate by Heaven •
Ridicule has ever been the most powerful \
enemy of enthusiasm r nd probably is the only an- N
tat’oui>t tiir.t can be opjiosed toil with success.
Prom the. Picayune..
The Ear t h q uak e• •
‘ Pointe-a-Pitiie.—Accounts difier ia rela
tion to loss of lite at the awlul destruction ol
this place, but it is at any tate certain that at
least three thousand souls perished; and perhat)e,
two thousand more were maimed and wounded.
Large gaps opened in the earth, spouting thick
columns of water an hundred feet perpendicu
lar into the air. But what made the scene still
more terrific, was the fact that as the shocks
were subsiding, conflagration broke out and
spread among the ruins, whether from volcanic
kn'ou’n’’" oL 0r the , uve '‘utnitig of Stones, is not
minutes dearth lasted three
m iss oi'i?* l^ 8 wtlole P ,ace “ now one broad
m iss ot ruin!”— tJ ap er_
A • ucl ‘ *« «“ mid-sesnn
A cslni! a. th? n,, ■•wadaytsll,
And all was voice! J !i|>jX‘!"« “PT? “'Jj
Like tome conceiving di»„’ nip 7 r ’d
Quickly a smother’d thunder and a thrill
A crush, a rust, of wind,. .„dj..
Convulsive quivenng ot pUln n . '>•
Wild recollection ot the time to di.-L.
A gaping open of the solid earth,
And lhe loud shock caine.btustii’ig i n u birtlal
Terror and death at once usurp the sc« U e
’Mid end < and hrarf.apßalliiJ
While all jnst buried in repose serene 1 ** ’
toto wi.u rum and eonlusien tlis*
Alarm, yet gasping to give hoiror breath,
SiiiK* into swallowed up tu death!
The solid earth rolls up like cccan wave*—
Tow ers and Ntueple* totter to their tall,
And terror-felricken mortals hnd their graves,
Err their iiph open upon aid to call.
From falling walls (he ahriekipg people fly.
Only to meet new danger and to die!
Another roar beneath the ahuddering ground-
A louder ehock appalling heart* andearr,
And smothering shrieks oomminglc with the sound,
A* life io quench’d along with human team.
Mothers with children from their hoinasteads rushing,
Sink in broad clottM from whence the seas arc gushing-
Three minutes] and three thousand souls are gone.
\\ ith scarce a groan from ail of light and life!
And ruin is the monumental stone
Over that scene of elemental strife!
One graveyard vast, needed no sculptured tomb
lo tell how thouhaiidx there have met their doeful
But hark!—e’en yet new horror suits to view,
And swift destruction in the form.of flame
spreads wide among the ruins! while lhe few
Yet left uh ye, (ea<hs<-reaming out some name
That never more will answer,) madly riv V
From spot to spot, expecting still to die!
O hapies* isle! thy buried tenants now
Outnumber those yet left in sorrow weeping;
But never more shall human anguish hew
The hearts that are in mirth’s umbraeea sleeping.
Peace to the victims! till the trumpet sound
Khali with its final summons shake the ground!
“ _. PUAKMA.
1 “• are «uggeated by the late awful destruc •
not Point-a-Pitre.
DIED.
At Monticello, on the 25ili inatant, Cabolihb
Medora, infant daughter of A. and C. Hunger
lord.
liomnuriial.
Latest d:it€>s from Liverpool * March 3
Latest dates from Havre - February 27
AUGUSTA MARKET.
Wudi/ksday Evbnukg, March 29.
Cb/r«n—Since the receipt of the accounts by the Co
lumbia, our sellers and buyers seem disposed agaig le
come together, and operations to a considerable extent
have beeu made during the last two days. Our stock
of cotton ia heavy, and as almost all ia store is on plan
tors’ account, sales must soon be made to a heavy eg
tent We quote fa) 6| cents as extreme* of the aaar•
ket—principal rules at from 4 (S 5| cents.
Dry G(kk!v, Grocer rur, sr.—The business with the in
terior has improved a little during the past week, and
Dry Goods and Groceries to u considerable amount have
been sold to the interior merchants.
Dncon— Considerable additions to oui stock have been
made, by arrivals from the West by wagons, and sales
to a considerable extent are made at 41 cts for klhenl
deis, 5£ cts-for Bides, and 6j cts for Hams.
commands 5| fa) cts. '
Moliisw-— A sale of 50 hhds* was made from the
wharf at 18 cents, short time.
Flow.— ('anal Flour is freely oflered by the quantity
at 65,75, and Ohio at 65j—retail price #6 fa) *6,40.
JS.Jt. — Heavy arrivals during the past month, attd the
price by the boat load has been from 31 33 cents—
retail price 50 cents,
Money.— Exchange on New Yerk, Charleston and Ba
van nah, can be had at all our Banks at par ; out-doer
rates a fraction less. Central Bank notes are in de
mand, and sales of large amounts have been at from
25 to 27 ct dis. We have heard of no transactions in
State 6 ct Bonds. —We cannot give any report of Ute
value of the bills of the Insurance Bank of Coltliubus,
the Bank of Hawkinsville, the Exchange Bank of Bruns*
wick, or the Phcrnix Bank of Columbus, as they cannot
be sold at any rate of discount.
EXCHANGE TABLE.
(sci PECIK B A 818.)
•m - - .-AVCVSTA NO IBS.
Mechanics* Bunk.. i. ..7.,
Agency Brunswick Bank.. ‘
Uank of Augusta......u
Augusto Insurance A Banking Company
Brunch Georgia Kail Road •*
Branch State of Georgiu **
SAVANNAH NOTDO.
State Bank. **
Murine and Fire Insurance Bank *•
Planters’ Bank *
Central Kail Road Bank 3 fa) dia.
COUNTRY MOTM.
State Bank Branch, Macou put.
Other Branches State Bank
Commercial Bank, Macon..... M
Brunswick Bank “
Milledgevill Bank
Georgia Rail Road Bunk, Athens v
City Council of Augusta “
Ruckersville Dunk «
Branch Marino aud Fire Insurance ffatJc *
St. Mary’s Bank M
Branch Central Rail Road Bank, Macou. 6 (0 W dis
Central Bank .....26 w3b H
Exchange Bank of Brunswick No m*l«.
Insurance Bank of Columbus, Macou.... sale.
I'hcpiiix Bank, (.’olumbus.*
Bank of Hawkinsville..... “ ,
City Council of Milledgeville Ums ar tarn.
City Council of Columbus M
City Council of Macon “
Monroe Rail Road Bank Broke.
Bank of Darien and Branches “
Chattahhoochee R. Ro« <1 Banking Co. u
Western Bank ot Georgiu *
Bank of Columbus «
Planters and Mechanics Bank Cokunbus. u
Bank ot Ocmulgee u
Geoigia 6 cent Bonds lor specie fa) sfl do 4.
Georgia ft cty/cent Bond* tor speoie.....Noncu< iimmUoi
SOUTH CAROLINA NOTKa.
Charleston 8ank5......... pat.
Bank ot Hamburg *
Country Banks d
Alabama Notes 20 fa) 25 die
CHBCKB.
New York sight pa*
Boston
Philadelphia M
Baltimore •
Lexington J p*um
Richiiinnd, Va f I “
Savannah parfdll <is
Chai lest on .parof M
JOHN G. McHENRY,
Attorney at Law,
march 10-w3m Milledgeville, Ge.
W. W. ANDERSON,
Attorney at Law,
Monticello, Ge.
refebbncis.
Col. N. G. Foster, ) XT .. n .
l)r.E. E. Jonbh, S MluiUoll - q «’ ’J”
A. C. SCOTT,
Will practice Law in the several counties of the
Flint Circuit. Office at Jackson, Butte county,
Ga. ts septjS
RU.*SEuL MILLER,
Attorney at Law,
Sparta, Ga.,
Willpractic in the counties of Hsmock, Wash
ington, Wa eti :<nd Taliaferro. bdiy feb 24
: . I.PHENS BURCH.
Attorney* at Law,
Crawfordville. Ge.
Will practice in the counties of Taliaferro,
Greene, Hancock, Oglethorpe, Wilkes, Warren,
Elbert and Lincoln. A. H. STsraairs,
jan 14-ly Robert S. Buich,
FELIX C. MOORE,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law,
Crawfordville, Ga.
Will practice Law in the Courts of Taliaferro
and adjacent counties.
N. B. Will also attend tu cases in Bankruptcy.
Office near Rail Road Depot. w6in jan 7
LUCIUS J. GARTRELL,
Attorney at Law,
Will attend the Courts of the several counties
in the Northern Circuit. Business entrusted to
his care will receive prompt and unremitting at
tention. Office at Washington, WUkee county,
Ga. jan 5 w3m
E. Y. & J. HILL,
Attorneys at Law,
Monticello, Ga.'
Have resumed the practice, and will attend the-
Courts of the Ocmulgee, and th« adjoining coun
ies of the Flint Circuit. _tf ap 19
JOHN R. STANFORD,
Attorney at I>aw,
Clarkesville, Ga.
Will practice in the counties of Clarke, Frank
lin, Habersham, Forsyth, Lumpkin, Gilmer,
Union, Murray and Gwinnett, and in the Federal
Circuit Court for Georgia, jy 17
MURRAY & GLENN,
Attorney! at Law,
McDonough, Henry Co., Ga.
Will punctually attend to any business entrust
ed to their care. Office at McDonough, Henry
county, Ga. A. G. Mvbra v,
ap22-tf L. J. Glenn.
THOMPSON ALLAN, ’
Attorney at Law,
ap 19-mtf Clarkesville, IGa.
HENRY J. LANG,
Attorney at Law,
je 23-ts Lincolnton, Ga.
J. R. MAHONE,
Attorney at Law,
ap 12-ly Tuskegee, Macon county, Ala.