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week In CitwiuMt & SoittiitL L OLD SERIES, VOL. LVII. THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL 19 PUBLISHED DAILY, TBI-WEKKLY, AND WEEKLY, BY J. W. & W. S. JONES. The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel IS PUBLISHED AT Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two years, or two subscribers one year for 35. 7Yi- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum. Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum. Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the paper be attended to, unless accompanied with the money; and in every instance when the time for which any subscription may be paid, expires before the receipt of funds to renew’ the subscrip tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated money received at ifs value in this city. Chronicle an& Sentinel. aitgusta. JUNE 2. Destruction of Tallahassee. By yesterday morning’s mail, we received from the office of the Tallahassee Star, two slips containing the melancholy details of the almost total destruction of that city by tire, and the pro ceedings of a meeting of the citizens, which we subjoin. The appeal which they make to their fellow citizemiqpfthg Union, is one which calls loudly upon their iSfepartites'rJr YeHet.-m most trying and destitute situation. Seldom, indeed, have we been called upon to chronicle an event so disastrous in its consequences to an entire community, or one which demanded a more prompt response on the part of the benev olent and philanthropic, and we most fervently hope that the appeal of the sufferers will not be made in vain; indeed, we know too well the generous impulses that animate American bos oms, to doubt that a community, thus prostrated by a calamity so sudden anj overwhelming, would appeal in vain for succor. To the true philanthropist, it is a source of the highest grat ification to contribute to the relief ol a fellow being, however his adversity may have been brought upon him; how much more forcibly, then, does a calamity like this appeal to the generous and noble hearts ot those who never contemplate human misery without a pang, and how much more grateful must it be to their feelings to know, that on this occasion, their charities are properly bestowed. Citizens of Augusta—people of Georgia— this appeal is made to you in common with your brethren throughout the Union! How will you respond 2 Let us not wound your finer feelitgs by such an enquiry, but rather let us endorse— for we know but too well the generous impulses which thrill your bosoms —that you will re spond in a manner worthy of yourselves, and the noble cause which calls forth your charities. Assemble, then, and adopt such measures for the relief of your suffering and distressed fellow beings, as shall make the widow’s and mother’s heart leap for joy, and, in the fervency of their gratitude, teach their children, in their earliest aspirations, to lisp the names of their benelac tors, and invoke the blessings of their Creator upon their deliverers. To the Ladies of the city and throughout the State, to whose generous charities an appeal ii. behalf ot the destitute and distressed is never made in vain, we trust we may be permitted to remark that, this affords a fine theatre for the exhibition of that noble, disinterested and over flowingbenevolence which through all ages of civilised society, has been such a distinguishing trait in the character of the gentler sex. We therefore appeal to them in the name of the dis tressed, we invoke them by all the influences which prompt to deeds of benevolence, and we invite them in the name of the fatherless and the widowed to unite in the noble woik. It is a work worthy of their zealous co-operation, and should, as it doubtless will, call forth the high est energies ot their intellects. Star Office, j Tallahassee, May 27th, 1843. j At an adjourned meeting of the citizens of Leon county, held in the Court House at Talla hassee, on the 27th of May, 1813, Mr. Eppes, the Mayor ofthe cit j’, being in the chair, the fol lowing resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, That the committee of relief be au thorized to prepare ..nd to submit to the Chair man ofthe general meeting, forhisapprobation, an address to the people of the United States on the subject oi the recent fire, and that he be em powered to subscribe and to forward copies of the address, it approved, to the editors of the principal newspapers in the city ol Washing ton, and elsewhere, for publication, and to ad dress lo the Mayors, Intendents, or the chief Magistrates of the principal cities ofthe United States, copies of the same. The Connni tee appointed the day preceding, consisting of the following gentlemen, to wit: Gen. Mercer, Chairman, L. A. Thompson, W. H. Brockenbrough, T. H. Hagner, 11. L. Rut gers, Gen. T. Brown, G. W. Call, John Park hill, J. B. Gamble, J. E. Broome, met immedi ately after the adjournment of the General Meeting, and agreed upon the following address to the people oflhe United States. To the People of the United Stales of America : It has pleased an inscrutable Providence to afflict, by an awful calamity, the inhabitants of a City on the frontier of the Union. At 5 o’- clock in the afternoon of Thursday, the 25tlt of May, the City ot Tallahassee numbered, with a population not exceeding two thousand souls, eighty nine stores and houses the theatre of ac tive mercantile and manufacturing industry.— In three hours, a devastating fire, which no ex ertion could stay, not a solitary store, shop, or theatre of business remained. A property in buildings, which many estimated at not much less than half a million, had fallen a prey to the flames, and with it, goods, furniture and move able effects of the value of one hundred and fif ty thousand dollars more. The extent of this overwhelming calamity may be measured, by the fact, that I rom the port of Tallahassee, at the mouth ofthe River St. Marks, there has been exported in the cur rent year, or collected tor exportation, chiefly on account of the Merchants and Traders of Tal lahasse, 32,000 bales of cotton, the only staple export ot the Territory of Florida, a quantity worth, ini rdinary yners, 1,200,000 dollars, and at its present redueed priee, a moiety ot that sum. In return lor this exportation, a full equivalent has hitherto been imported, comprehending not merely nor chiefly the commits or luxuries, but the necessaries of life, it staple commodity, hav ing, until lately, the productive industry of the country, to the exclusion of every other pursuit. The Merchants and agents of a commerce that has exceeded two and a half millions in the year, are, by a sudden blow, deprived of their stores, warehouses, and their unsold stock of goods. The artizans of their shops, and of their very tools of trade. And ofthe property so lost less than twenty thousand dollars, is covered by insurance. Such a calamity cannot but make a powerful appeal to the sympathy of a generous public, and in their reliance on that appeal, the citizens of Tallahassee consult the feelings, which they have themselves manifestsd, on like occasions, towards the calamities of their more fortunate fellow citizens ofthe United States. Having just escaped from lhe ravages of an Indian war, they had beg tn to cherish the hope of returning prosperity, though struggling with those embarrassments ofthe currency and com merce ofthe United States, which have been left, more or less in every portion of the Union, but to the South with peculiar force. It is at such a period, and under such circum stances, that they are reluctantly induced to look beyond the limits ot their own Territory, for consolation and aid. The far greater part ol those, who have most heavily suffered bv the late destructive fire, will seek through a differ ent channel, to repair their heavv toss. That portion ot its victims, to whom relief may come, need that it should be promptly administered. F. EPPES, Mayor of Tallahassee. Chairman of the General Meeting ot the Citi zens. Yesterday a large meeting of the citizens oi Leon county was held at the Conn House, for the purpose of devising so.ne means of relief for the sufferers by the late fire. A committee ol ten ofour most respectable citizens was appoint ed, to ascertain, as far as possible, the amount ol loss, also a committee was appointed to devise some plan for re-building the city. The opin ion is general that the city will be speedily re built. Later from Havana. By the steamship Alabama, Cap;. Windle, which arrival tins morning tn .66 hours frou. Havana, one of the euitors of the Picayune came passenger, through which medium we are ena bled to lay the following important news before our readers. The passage ot trie Alabama was unusually pleasant, the G ill'being very smooth and the weather clear, wit i light Northerly ana North-Westerly breezes all the way, until sun set on Thursday. Capt. Elliot, the English Cterge a’Affaires to Texas, and family, were also amongst the pas sengers. On the day before the sailing of the Alaba ma (Monday last) an express arrived at Havana bringing the melancholy intelligence ol anotliei insurrection among the neg oes on the South side of the island, in the immediate vicinity oi St. Jago de Cuba. From accounts tne plot ap pears to have been much m ire extensive an,, deeply organized than the om’.reak at Caidinas, live or six weeks ago, and much more desper ate and bloo ly in its execution. A large num ber of planters, with their overseers and families, were the hapless victims of the infuriated blacks considerable property was also destroyed. So important was the intelligence, from its astounding report oflhe loss of life and property, as well as the extent of the plotof the insurgents, that the Admiral of the Port, Gen. Ulloa, imme diately despatched a man-.of-war steamer to the scene of riot, and orders were also given for a frigate, two brigs of war, and another steamer to follow with troops, without delay. These ves sels were all to sail bv Wednesday, Gen. Ulloa going in command of the expedition. By our next accounts from the Havana, which weshall look for with anxiety, we may expect to hear more fully the details of this melancholy inci dent. ■ Tflrf BflgHsfc Tay bud arr|ved at Ha vana, from St. Thomas. She, however, brought nothing later from England than has been al ready received here. Passengers by her state that it was generally believed that on the occa sion of the recent loss of the unfortunate Solway, the man at the helm was drunk, and the officer of the watch asleep when the vessel struck.— A". O. Picayune of Sfllh id!. From the N. Orleans Tropic of 'llthidt. Late From Campeacby. Naval engagement between Com. Moore and the Mexican Squadron—Official account of the By the arrival of the Rosario, Capt. Ducey, from Campeachy, we are in receipt of letters from Com. Moore and his Secretary, furnishing us with full and accurate details of the brilliant naval engagement which occurred oil Campea chy on the 16th inst. We hasten to lay them before our readers. Texas Sloop-of-War Austin, ( Oif Campeachy, May 19. J Messrs. Editors—l wrote you oh lhe st!i inst., enclosing you a copy of the minutes of tne action on the 30th of Zlpn . I herewith enclose you a copy of the minutes of ottr action of the 16th inst.—the v. i..d was so light, tnat at no time were we nearer than a mile and three yuarlers. The advantage of steam and heavy guns is tremendous, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Summer, wnere there is so much light weather. The whole fire of both steamers were directed at this ship; not a shot struck tne Brig. We fired over 500 car tridges, and the long gun from the Wharton, (obtained since we anived here,) was fired 65 times, and repeatedly with great effect. When the sea breeze came in, the Brig was caught aback, and before she got round on the same tack, we were some distance ahead, because we could not heave to, as we would have run the risk of being raked; she however made sail, and soon got within gun shot again. 1 forgot to mention that 1 have obtained, since my arrival, two tong 18 pounders, which have been of great service. Our crew’ behaved nobly! a finer set ot men were never on board ship; and as to the officers under my command, it would be impossible for me lo express to you my admiration ot their conduct and bearing. The Guadaloupe was very much crippled, and when we wore, to stand in for our anchor age, she did not move her wheels tor over fort}’ minutes; she was however to windward, and we could not get up to her; one ofthe shell shot struck the Guadeloupe abalt the wheel, which must have done her considerable injury. I have fired but very fen ol them, owing to the distance that they have always kept from us; 1 am reserving them for close quarters. On the Hui and 18tli there was brisk firing kept up on both sides on snore, and the gun boats look a hand—the Mexicans having taken a position in the suburb ol San Roman, which they were compelled to evacuate this morning. I was on the walls yesterday morning for about an hour, and the musket balls were whizzing a small few, and many were injured on either side. 1 imagine they were not less than five or six hundred yards apart. I also enclose you a copy of the Surgeon’s report of killed and wounded. Frederick Shep herd was one ol the crew of the San Antonio; he. was confined on board this ship from the 11 th March, 1842, until his acquittal and release; he was captain of No. 5 gun, and most nobly had the poor fellow redeemed his character from the charge of participating in the mutiny on board that ill-fated vessel—lor a better 1 had noton board the vessel. The wounded men are doing well; several of them are in the hos; ital at Campeachy, and the Governor is very urgent that they should all be sent on shore; (two men have had their arms amputated, and one a leg—Thos. Barnet and John Norris an arm, and Owen Timothy a leg;) but the Surgeon prefers keeping them oh board, at least for the present. Those 68 pound balls are tremendous mis siles, and the way they did whistle orratber hum over our heads was a caution, I tell you They fired a great many over the poop where I was standing, and several of them were disposed to be rather too intimate. I will be ready to give them another chance in a few days, but I will wait for a strong breeze, and isl can get near enough to use our shell shot, I feel confident that they will tell a bigtale in a few minutes. A fisherman came in this afternoon, and said that he had been along side of the Guadaloupe to-day, and that she had 47 men killed and 30 wounded, he also said that nearly all the men were on board the Guadaloupe for the purpose of boarding this ship; which, by the way, they had a lair chance of doing, for, duringthe lour hours fight, we chased them not less than 12 or 14 miles. * Yours truly, E.W. MOORE. May 20, at 3 o’clock P M. Nothing done in the way of fighting on either side since yesterday. I lorgot to mention that we have the Guadaloupe’s flag staff’on board this ship. Return of killed and wounded, on the Texian Stoopof War Austin, Afcyl6,’43. Killed. —Frederick Shepherd, Boatswain’s Mate: George Barton, Landsman; Wm. West, Ordinary Seaman. WouNded Dangerously.—John Norris, Sea man: Di k Stretchout, Boy; Thos. Barnet, Boy; Geoicc Davis, Marine.: Owen Timothy, Lands man: As t Wiiecler, Marine. IVorxoED Severely.—D. C. Wilbur, 4th Lieutenant; A. J. Bryant, Midshipman, Thos. Atkins, Seaman; George Firur, Landsman. Wounded Slightly.—John Noland, Sea man; Wm. Cole, carpenter’s mate; Daniel White, carpenter’s mate; Sildon Hqbbard,cap tain’s clerk; Joe Murphy, landsman; Chas. Hanson, landsman ; Nicholas Brady, steerage boy; John Little, seaman; John Duston, sea man; George Hamilton, seaman; Wm. Bar rington, seaman; J. P. Laudis, purser’s stew- Total killed, 3; wounded dangerously, 6; wounded severely, 4; wounded slightly, 12. Total, 25. THOS. P. ANDERSON, Surgeon. May 2l)th, 1843.—Several of the wounded have already returned to duty, and, with the ex ception of six, they will all be on duty in a few days. ' e E. W. MOORE. From the N. Y. Tribune. Later from Guayama. By the brig Magnolia, Capt.E. Delano, from St. I’bomas, Guadaloupe, Baibadoes. and 15 days from Guyama, we receive the following intelligence. Capt. Dockery, ot lhe brig Wat son, reports, when oil' the Island ot Jamaica he was chased on the 27th ol April by a piratical schooner, and fired into three times, and then left. The brig was in ballast at the time, and the supposed reason ol the pirates leaving her was that she had nothing on board worth taking, she at the same lime having $4 006 in specie in lhe cabin, and bound to Guadaloupe. A severe shock of earthquake was felt at Guayama a week or two before the Magnolia sailed, which alarmed the inhabitants very much. At Barbadoes a very severe shock was felt at the time of tie earthquake in Guadaloupe. On the sth April, a very heavy shock was felt ai Guadaloupe, which shook tiievcs'ds in the wa •er, and alarmed the people on shore so much, that they fled in all directions, supposing they were to have a repetition of the late shock which •aused so much destruction in that place. Slight shocks are felt almost every evening. Capt. Delano saw at Guadaloupe the most striking evidences of the ravages of theearll - quake—large crevices remain'ng in the earth - kegs of nails melted in the fire that followed thi I earthquake, melter! stone-ware, &c., some spe cimens of which he brought wilhhitn. Trial of Lang Lewis. The Columbus (Ga.) Argus of Wednesday morning the 31st ult., contains the following ac count of the trial of Lewis, charged with par ticipating in the robbery of the Trust Compa ny. By a gentleman who came passenger in the cars yesterday morning, and who left Co lumbus Wednesday evening, we have later in telligence, by which we learn 'hat when he letl, the Jury had been out several hours without ma king a verdict, and the rumor was current in the community that Lewis had three friends on the jury who were in favor of his acquittal. For a week past the Superior Court of this county has been engaged in the investigation ol the case of the State vs. John L. Lewis. Much difficulty was found in making a jury; several panels were exhausted before this was effected. • he testimony was closed on Monday evening, and the argument of the case commenced. Up to the time of our going to press, the following gentlemen hadspoken. Col. Toombs concludes the arg u men. this morning. Prisoner's Counsel—3 no. H. Watson, A. Mc- Dougald, M. J. Wellborn, Seaborn Jones, W. T. Colquitt. Sfo/e’s Counsel —Attornev General Gardner, Jas. Johnson, Hines Holt, J. C. Alford. Trotting Match.—The N. Y. Express ol 30th says:—The trotting match for “2000 be tween the celebrated horses Americus and Rip ton c ime off'yesterday over the Beacon course Ripton v. as the t’avoi ite. The track was heavy and the running consequently slow.—Ripton won in the following time, 1 mile and repeat:— U’On the 22d inst., says the N. Y. Tribune, a fire consumed one of the store houses belong ing to J. M. Donnelly & Co.’s freighting estab lishment, upon the wharf near the toll house at Catskill, together vPith its contents. It contain ed some 800 bales of hay and about 1900 hides. The entire loss, including the building, will not be far from S4OOO. O’Thc Bank of New York, one of the oldest and largest banks in the city, has a notice put up, that on and after this time, the rate of dis count at that bank will be at the rate of five per cent. Heavy Verdict.—At Pittsburg, on Wed nesday, the 24th, in the U. S. Circuit Court, Judge Baldwin presiding, the jury rendered a verdict of $6,770 0-1 against David Lynch, late Postmaster of that city, and in favor of the U. States. The claim consisted of various sums of money received by the defendant from other Postmasters and other persons under instruc tions from Ames Kendall, Postmaster General. Alexandria Gazette says : —“We learn that the dissensions between the Van Bu ren and Calhoun portions ofthe LocoFoco par ty are becoming more open and decided daily— and that a demonstration will shortly be attempt ed in Richmond, on the part ot Mr. Calhoun’s friends.” VrThe St. Louis Gazette states that the Des Moines River, a tributary of the Mississippi, has recently been ascended to Racoon Fort, 300 miles from its mouth, by Capt. Lafferty, in the steamboat Agatha. Capt. L. describes the country through which the river passes, as the most beautiful farming country he has ever seen. The head of navigation on this river is much nearer the Missouri than had been sup posed. It is said to be but 100 miles from Ra coon Fort to the Council Bluffs on the Missouri. Significant.—lt is worthy of remark th?t in the report of the Democratic Convention of South Carolina there is no pledge given to sus tain the nominee of the National Convention for the Presidency if he be any otner than John C. Calhoun. Sj" At a meeting of the Locofoco party, held in Utica, N. Y., on Friday week, a resolution was adopted refusing to recognize Mr. Tyler as a candidate for the Presidential nomination, and declaring that his “desertion and treachery to those who confided in him form no recom mendation to an honest democracy. The Utica Observer accompanies the publication of these proceedings with the remark that they think very well of Captain Tyler for removing Whigs and appointing Locofocos, BUT, that nevertheless, they “regard him merely as President for the residue of his term, and not as a candidate foj re-election.” Mr. Pickens.—The Columbia (S. C.) Chron icle of the 31st ult. says:—During the debate m the Democratic Convention on Wednesuay, on the reportot the Committee of twenty-one, this gentleman, in the course ol his remarks, step ped aside to denounce the Whig party of 1840, as “lhe most corrupt party ever seen upon the face of Hie earth.” The testimony of this gentlein..n would, probably, carry more weight with it, if he had not borne the same evidence against the parly with which he is now ac.ing. In 1836, in speaking ot the Democratic party he denom inated them as “the vilest and nuist lawless crew that wer ever raised up under the dispensations of Providence to scourge a degenerate and ungrateful people." The gentleman is now found billing ana cooing with those whom he characterized as “rooks” and “obscene birds” who had “perch ed themselves in the high places of the land, while those who sit beneath were surrounded daily with their filth and putrefied corruption;” as “creatures degenerated in despotism, and be coming more loathsome than the creeping lice or ‘slimy frogs of Egypt’ ever were tn the days of God’s judgments.” In 1837 alter Mr. Van Buren had come into power, he swore eternal enmity against him, and pledged himself to op pose his re-election however wise and virtuous his administration, as the only means of restor ing a defaced and spurned Constitution. Read the following extract from his speech corrected by himself and distributed under his own frank at the time: “We are told that the South is to be ‘recon ciled by the successor [Mr. Van Buren] falling into Southern principles,’ and that it is policy to acquiesce in the appointment. Sir, there may be, at heart, traitors in the South, but it will be treason to the Constitution and to lhe country to submit to the dictation. No! never, never! We have been foully betrayed, and against the prin ciples ol the succession we declare uncompromis ing, uncxlinguishablc war—‘wai to the knife.' It may be that we shall be but few in number; it may be that our flag-staft shall be shattered and broken; bui we w'ill nail our flag to the gun wale, and conquer or perish under it.” It was by such denunciations repeated daily, weekly ami monthly by him and his great file leader, th..i toe honest yeomanry oi this coun try were ro ised to put forth efforts to redeem the nation, and nobly did they redeem it by hurling the “Usurper,” as Mr. Pickens denominated him, Irom power, and placing one of the purest patriots that the world ever saw in his place.— But, unfortunately, his life was not spared to consummate their wishes, and the reversion of his office fell to one of the vilest traitors that ev er disgraced the annals of any country. And where was Mr. Pickens found, who had been mainly instrumental in raising the storm which was to overwhelm the “lawless crew?” He, too, proved a traitor, and perched himsell among “the rooks and obscene birds!” Verily this gentleman must be “insensible” to shame as well as “fear,” or he would never prate about corruption. Jj’We have just been informed that a schooner was ran into on the lake, on Wednes day night, when she sunk immediately, and all on board perished. We have not heard the name.— Roch. Post. The Whigs and the Presidency.—ltisper haps hardly worth while to notice the attempt' which are made on the side of our political op ponents to insinuate doubts as to the probability of Mr. Clay’s tunning as the candidate of the Whigs for the next Presidency. Such devices arc to be expected. There are so many who would rejoice at seeing distrust and contusion n the ranks oflhe Whigs, that it would be won lerful if some were not found labouring to pro duceboth. But of friends on the other side need not flatter themselves that they will find a solact tor their uwn intestine maladies in the dissen ions of their adversaries. The Whigs are quietly waiting to finish their work which was begun in 1840, and they will do it. With regard to Mr. Clay, and the place whicl he holds in the affections and esteem of th. Wnigs, it is enough to say that it is such apiaci as no other man on earth could occupy. “Nine tenths of the Whigs,” says the New York Tri bune, in whose words we eniirelj’ concur, “hav. solemnly resolved to vote for him or nobody.— If he is not nominated, there will be no Whi: candidate. No intrigue, either of open enemie or false triends of the Whig cause, can rais •ven a respectable show of Whig opposition t Mr. Clay. No man but Mr. Clav himself c.t : egin to prevent his nomination, and he is tov true to his friends to do any such thing.” AUGUSTA, GA J THURSDAY MOUNTING, JUNE 8, 1843. The Norfolk Herald states that Mi Cushing will meet with great favor among the Celestials, as his name indicates that he is of the Chinese descent. The name originally Ono-Shing, afterwards Cu-Shing, and has been Anglecisedinto Cushing. Not bad. Snowßanks in May!—Th'e. Northampton (Mass.) Gazette says: One of our friends wae out at Westhampton a week ago on Saturday 13th inst., and seeing a tree marked at a consid erable height from the ground, inquired what ii was for. The answer was that it vas the exact h fight of a snow bank two months previous.— O ir friend, then on a snow bank four feet deep, measured from its surface to the mark, and found it to be sixteen feet! So that the snow bank was originally twenty feet high! Anoth er fact: The driver of the Cummington stage states that on Thursday. 19th inst., lie passed over a snow bank in the road to Plainfield, five feet deep! is now announced that John Tyler, jr., will go out to China, not as the private secre tary of the Commissioner, but as the Ornamen tal Secretary of the Legation, and for commercial purposes. Frm the Georgthpffourier. Broadly inscribed upon the Democratic ban nei at the South, as one of the most valued ol its mottoes, is “Free Trade.” We shall by no means question whether this is now a measure of modern Democracy. If the leaders of the party should declare the opinion, that the “moon is made gL,green cheese,” to be a Democratiiy principle, we should not controvert it. W hat ever they advocate, however absurd, is of course Democratic, and whatever they oppose Federal; they fix the principles of the party, and in this sense they are most aptly called fixed principl s. But as Free Trade, like the Sub-treasury, and hostility to a National Bank formed no part of the creed of the old and true Democracy of the country, which in our youth we were taught to reverence, we may be allowed to inquire how long it has been a “Democratic principle.” It certainly was not the doctrine held by the fathers of our country and of the Constitution. The second act ever passed by the Congress of the United States, was a tariff law, amongst other objects ‘for the encouragement and protec tion of manufactures ” 'This law after receiving the zealous support of James Madison, then in Congress, was signed by General Washington, and the principle which it avows has never been abandoned by a republican President from that until the present time. The repeated dedarations of these distin guished men, show that their action upon this subject was not hasty and inconsiderate, but the result of deliberate reflection and a settled con viction of its propriety. In his farewell address to the people of 'he United States, (as noble a production as ever emanated Irom the head and heart of a patriot,) Gen. Washington remarks: “Congress has repeatedly, and not without suc cess, directed their attention to ths encourage ment of manufactures. The object isoltoo much consequence not to ensure a continuance ol their efforts in every way which shall appeal eligible.” Mr. Madison in no less than five ot his messages to Congress, urges them most ear nestly to extend their fostering care to our man-* ufacturing interest, and gave hiS'cordial assent to every measure having this for its object. We know that it has become common with the demagogues of the present day, in order to destroy the influence of his name, which stands so boldly written in opposition to their destruc tive measures, to stigmatize Gen. Washington as a Federalist, and to appeal to Mr. Jefferson as the great fountain of political truth. But there are still some who cannot be brought to look upon this great and good man as a foe to his country, or wanting in political sagacity, and for their benefit we record his opinions. We turn now to Mr. Jefferson as the person ification of the principles ot democracy in the period in which he lived, lo learn what were his views upon the subject, and we are at no loss to find them. In his message in November 1808, he holds this language, “The situation into which we have just been forced, has impelled us to apply a portion of our industry and capi tal tointcrnalmanfacturcsa'id improvmr.nts. The extent of this conversion is daily' increasing, and little doubt remains that the establishments for med and forming will, under the auspices of cheaper material and subsistence, the freedom of labor from taxation with us, and of protecting duties and pi ohibilions, become permanent.” Thus it appears that this, great luminary in the democratic firmament, held not only that it was competent for Congress to protect manu factures by revenue duties, but recommended that it should be done by prohibitions also. Mr. Monroe, of the same school of politics, occupies similar ground with Mr. Jefferson up on this question, and in his inaugural address and nearly every one of his annual messages, recommends to Congress the same course of po licy, in opposition to what he calls “the abstract doctrines in favor of unrestricted commerce,” which he deems impracticable except in an event “ which has never occurred and cannot be expected." Free Trade was no more one of the measures of the Jackson party than it had been of the old republicans. That distinguished democratic leader went into office under pledges w-idely dif ferent. In a letter to a North Carolina gentle man in 1824, he remarks: “Heaven smiled upon and gave us liberty and independence. The same Providence lias blest us with the means of national independence and national defence. If we omit or re use to use the gills which he has extended to us, we de serve not the continuation of his blessing. He has filled our mountains and our plains with minerals, with lead, iron and copper, and given us a climate and soil for the growth ot hemp and wool. These being the great materials ot our national defence, they ought to have extended to them adequate and fair protection; that our manufacturers and laborers may be placed in a fair competiton with those ot Europe: and that we may have within our country a supply of these leading and important articles, so essential in war. “I will ask what is the real situation of the agriculturist! Where has the American far mer a markei for his surplus produce? Except for cotton, he has neither a ibreign or a home market. Does this not clearly prove, when there is no market at home or abroad, that there is too much labor in agriculture? Common sense at once points out the remedy. Take from agri culture in the United States, six hundred thou sand men, women and children, and you will at once give a market for more bread-stuffs than all Europe now furnishes us. In short, sir, we have been too long subject to the policy of Bri tish merchants. It is time that we should be come a little more Americanized, and instead of feeding the paupers and laborers of Europe feed our own; or else in a short time,*by continuing our present policy, we shall be rendered paupers ourselves, it is therefore my opinion, that a caretui and judicious tariff is much wanted to pay our national debt, and to afford us the means of that defence within curselves on which the safety of country and liberty depends, and last though not least', give a proper distribution to our labor, which must prove beneficial lo the happiness, independence and wealth ot the com munity.” How he maintained while in office, the opin ions advanced in the above extract the whole te nor of his administration speaks, but the con clusion of his argument m favo tof protection in his message in 1830, is so pertinent that we annex it: “The States have delegated the whole author ity over imports to the General Government, without limitation or restriction, saving the very inconsiderable reservation relating to their in spection laws. This authority having thus en tirely passed trom the States, the right to exer cise it tor the purpose of protection does not ex ist in them, and consequently, if it be not pos -essed by the General Government, it must be extinct. Our political system would thus pre sent the anomaly of a people stripped ofthe right tc foster their own industry, and to counteract the most selfish and destructive policy which might be adopted in foreign nations. This sure lj' cannot be the case; the indispensable nower thus surrendered by the States, must be within rhe scope ol the authority on the subject express ly delegated to Congres.” “In this conclusion, I am confirmed as well by the opinions of Presidents Washington, Jef ferson, Madison, and Monroe, who have repeat edly recommended the exercise of this right un !er the constitution, as by the uniform practice of Congress, the continued acquiescence of the states, and the general understanding of the peo ple.” Down to the period of Gen. Jackson’s retire nent then, we find no trace ot this new test of emocracy; it has been inserted into the creed ong since that epoch, for as late as the canvass if 1810 not one wor t was said about it. How ong, we repeat then, has Free Trade been a •Democratic principle?” Where is tne Jackson nan, the Union man, or the Democrat of the ild school, who ever regarded it as a cardinal neasure of his party ? Until the memorable ecession to its ranks in 1810, we venture the minion that not one hundred members ofthe democratic party in Georgia advocated this octrine. But the little leaven oi free trade tingled with it upon that occasion appears to are acted upon the whole mass, and we find iem ready to enter the canvass of 1844, avow -ig principles as new to the party as they are to the country. SATURDAY MORKIKG, JUNE 3. News from Ute'GcjiiLMtiies. Below, wc give the lasi batch Os news, serve, up by the Dahlonega Tinies* loi’lli'.’ public, un Jer the imposing head of ’ Verily, these Gold Mines are .u most profitabk i > vestment, judging from this jyiew of the pie tare—tliey are like Jeretoiaßj^B-'*““the gooi are very good,” “the bad’V-W we rather gues there's none ol that kind, for w<> see no mentior made of any such a class r,W we therefon omit the remainder of thequtflation. It strikes us, however, as peculiarly str.mge, that of th< hundreds of Mines, whose wb .treasures are now being daily developedJstE’sfe should be on ly five proprietors who wercflKling to give the result of their labors to he How sthis? arc the others making so intfo'S gold as to ren der such a disclosure indiscreet New Discovery.—Mr. Ccchsai: has discov ered a place on Gen. EdwMgftlhe in thiscoun y, which is said by some riehnes; tne far-famed Calhoun mftfr. We have seen •.•its whiesHtafrtfo satisfy :1,.- most avaricious desires; arjigye arc inflame, that those we had the‘plvcisli& ot looking at, were not to be compare hi richness, to some that have been taken out ofShe This mine is in a hill, about and a hall Irom this place. Messrs. Griffin &W. both from Pike county, have disccver^Weii) in si§ht ol this place, 'which is sariy, Jqua> in'richneds any vein heretofore discMfcm jn Georgia.— When the rich vein wgft^R). fedor/Xr. Cal houn'.- it w'Cg ncWM gold i jH terprist of our citizens hasdtsciWgrtuKwo veins equally rich in less than a year. We do not hesitate to say, that the energy and enterprise of our citizens, will equal that 6f any place in the world. And we believe that our golden coun try compensates the enterprising and energetic, as well as any place on the globe. We have long wished for, and much needed the aid of a few scientific men; but if science refuse her aid, the practical miner must, and will, by his labor, develope the resources of our country. Which, in all probability, is without a parallel. Gold Report.—Mr. Moss dug up near two hundred penny-weights of gold in a day, last week, with twelve hands. We have the prom ise of a report from the mine managed by Mr. Moss, for the last G weeks. Ve learn that it is about as profitable as any mine in the ceuntry. We expect to obtain the report in time for our next number. Messrs. Field & Perkins, dig up one hundred and eighty-one penny-weights last week with 8 hands, trom the mine of John E. Calhoun. Messrs. Bran & Rider, dug up a piece ot gold last week, weighing 55 peiny-weights; the stock continues to improve. This we believe to be the largest piece ever fornd on the Yahoo la. Messrs. Field, McCormick & Leitner, dug up above three hundred penny-weights of gold last week with 18 hands. Messrs. Bedfords, dug up last week 148 nen ny-weights of gold, with 13 hands. We have the promise of a report of the yield of their mine for the last thirteen weeks, vhich we hope to obtain in time lor our nextnimber. And we have no doubt it will interest o:tr readers. We learn that Sergeant Wauon was killed at Fortress Monroe, on Wednesday last, by the bursting ol a gun. He had been for some time attached to the U. S. service, aid was much es teemed both by officers and men,— Norfolk Bea con. O’There was a very destructive hail storm on the 12th ult., in the vicinity of Sandy Hill, N. Y. Many houses, includingdwellings, barns &c., were blown down, and orchards and forests prostrated. One or two lives were tost by the blowing down of IJnsPs. O' The late Peter Lorillard, of New York, left an estate which, though the property has depreciated 50 per cent within the last seven years, is still valued at four millions of dollars. His fortune was made in the manufacture of snuff and tobacco. Thirty or forty years ago, Lorillard’s snuff and tobacco met the eye in every newspaper in the country. y>We have received from S. A. Holmes, the Artist, and Godoy’s Ladies' Book, for June.— They are for sale at the Literary Depot. £>The Washington correspondent of the N. Y. Aurora—the semi-official Tyler organ in the latter city—expresses the opinion “that one of the first acts of the President, after hisTetum to the Capital, will be to recall certain of our ministers and charges from abroad.” He adds that Mr. Barrow is to be withdrawn from Por tugal, and urges the claims of Judge Flagg, of New Haven, to the contemplated vacancy. The New York Express says.—Money is very abundant. A tot of business paper was taken on Thursday by one of our banks at three and a half per cent per annum. We have neverheard of paper being taken before so tow as this. What a change between the present time and 1837; then money was so scarce that paper sold at three per cent a mouth. Sj’ The Alexandria Gazette states that Com modere Edwin W. Moore, ofthe Texan Navy, is a native of that city. He held a commis mison as Midshipman in the U. S. Navy’ at the time he was appointed to the command of that ot Texas. He is said to be an active, enter prising, intelligent and brave officer, and always maintained a high character. Jamaica Cotton.—Theplante:s of Jamaica are again turning their attention lo the cultiva tion of cotton, which article had been abandon ed for the sugar cane and the coffee plant, and a cargo of fine Sea Island has been shipped to Liverpool. The election of four members of the next Congress— at least a trial for it—takes place in Massachusetts, on Monday next. The candid ates are the same as hitherto, excepting in the Essex District, where Robert Rantoul, jr., has declined the Locofoco nomination, expecting to be appointed Collector at Boston, and J. C. Stickney, of Lynn, takes his place. Death or Webster.—Died, in New Haven, abont 8 o’clock on Sunday evening Noah Webster, LLt D., in the 85th y’ear of his age. Ex-President Boyer.—Advices from Ja maica state that Ex-President Boyer, while en joying the good things of life at Kingston, (where he has been entertaining the merchants and principal citizens with sumptuous dinners, or, as the Kingston papers call them “second breakfasts,”) was suddenly alarmed on the 2d inst. by a demand from the Haytien Government upon the Governor of Jamaica, to deliver him up to the former to be hanged ! The demand is ridiculed by the Kingston people, who declare that it shall never be complied with. A Remarkable Fact. —We leam from the N. Y. Journal of Commerce (anti tariff paper) that the prices of cotton goods are now 20 per cent cheaper in this country than in England; and, as a consequence of it, goods manufac tured at Lowell, Massachusetts, are shipped to Manchester, in England, where, after paying the British duty of ten per cent, they still make a fair profit. Does not this fact demonstrate that the duty on the English goods is not a tax upon the American consumer? “Ay, but (says the free trade man) it proves that you can get along without protective duties also.” So it does, so far as that article is concerned, now that the child has become a man; but does it prove that when it was a child it did not need the aid of some friendly hand to sustain its first feeble efforts to walk? Had our cotton manufactures not received this support when they were in their infancy, they could never have reached a state of maturity, and instead of now selling here 20 per cent below the English prices, we should have been, er necessitate, compelled to pay the English prices tor such goods—2 per ct. high er now than the American; to which at least 20 per ce't additional might have been added for the absence of American competition, enabling the foreign monopolists to extort their own price. What stronget proof can be adduced in favor of the utility of moderate protective duties, even it cheapness to the consumer were the only thing to be consulted? Yet prejudice and parti zanship have blind eyes and deaf ears —LynrA turg Virginian. From the Savannah Republican. Late from Florida. By the arrival yesterday ofthe steamer Cin c nnati, Capt. Smith, from Florida, we receiv e i the St. Augustine News of Saturday last.— It; contents has been anticipated via Charles ton. ,oy a passenger, who arrived in the Ciucinna i,.we learn that Indians have ueeU neaiu froi. .ii the vicinity of Major Taylor’s settlement, oi u.ake Monroe. It appears that some negroe working in a field, went in and reported that hey hau heard Inuians talking in a liammoc hard by. An examination was made, and some aoccasin tracks lound, as also inose ol a pony. vlajor Taylor sent a message to Gen. orti. ipprising him ofthe fact, andaskingfortroop- Answer was returned, that as the Indians hat lecamped without doing harm, and as they pro oably would do none, it was not advisable tc nolest them. - The settlers at this spot thereup on set forth on their own account in pursuit of the Indians.—This very injudicious move will exasperate them, if they are attacked, and they wjll probably revenge themselves by falling up on other settlements. It is presumed that they were either in quest of their ponies, or perhaps of something that they had at a former period buried there. Thus jar, to say the least, there appears to be no evidence of hostile intention. Yankee Enterfrize.—We learn from the Boston Journal, that a member of a mercantile house in Charlestown, has gone out to London to establish an agenyy in that city for the sale of Fresh Pond lee. From (he N. O. Picayune of the 30th ult. Later from Mexico. By the arrival ofthe schooner Wm. Bryan, .from Vera Cruz, we are in possession of'our »Co. and lull files of Mexican papers some five or six days later than have beaßbefore received. The intelligence is not without in terest. The Mexican government has freighted a ves sel at Vera Cruz to take to Campeachy’ the reply of Santa Anna to the conditions of the Cam peachanos, which were sent to him by Ampudia for his approval. There was much speculation at Vera Cruz as to its nature; some say he has accepted the terms upon which they’ offer him peace, while others feel assured that he is deter mined to carry’ on the war as tong as he can raise a dollar with which to do so. The political affairs of Mexico took more and more threatening. The coolest-head<*d mer chants are expecting a revolution, more bloody than Mexico has yet seen! The times are so critical that men hold converse with each other with litlle show of confidence, so fearful are all that an unguarded or impetuous remark may be reported to Santa Anna whose spies swarm through the country. The facttliat this military dictator is shortly coming down to his hacienda ot Manga del Clavo, leads many to believe that Vera Cruz will be the stage upon which will be played the first scene ofthe expected revolution. The conducta, with the $270,000 for the United Slates, reached Vera Cruz in safety on the 29th inst. The Dolphin was to take it on board, and was expected to ret.sail on the 23d, bound for this port. News had been received at Vera Cruz from Campeachy that all the Mexican land forces on the peninsular had capitulated. This was fully credited at Vera Cruz, but our advices direct are later than have been received there. There we: e constant arrivals of cotton at Vera Cruz on account of the 30,000 bales retently con tracted :or. A letter which we have seen from Mexico since writing the above states that Santa Anna was at Tucabaya, where he had fortified him self. Whether this be true or not, it indicates the exci able state of the public mind in that country. A Great Water-Wheel. Mr. Burden’s iron works, near Troy, are sit uated in a wild ravine, dug out of a slate rock by a short and rapid natural stream. This stream supplies the whole power of machinery here employed, and the wheel which imparts motion to the machines of the respective work shops is in itself one of the grandest objects of the sort we ever saw. It is an immense wooden* wheel of fifty-one feet in diameter, as high as a three-story house, and twenty-two feet wide, over which, into troughs hollowed for its reception, falls a sheet of water so thin that, but for the evidence ofthe senses, one would hardly believe an agent so comparatively feeble could cause the ponderous wheel to turn with a momentum that puts in play hundreds of other wheels and machines of different sorts. The channel way in which this immense water-wheel turnsis cutout of the solid rock. The axle is of wrought iron, and from the flanges project hundreds ol iron rods that support the periphery of the wheel, and steady and strength en the whole structure. In its grand, deliberate, and majestic revolution there is really much of the sublime; and when it is perceived that from this single and simple power vast vombinations of machinery derive their motion, the feeling of admiration is yet furtherexcited.—.V. Y. Ameri can. It would seem by the following paragraph in the Trenton State Gazette that Tylensm is be coming plethoric i that town. It is a disease however, which need give them little alarm— people afflicted in that way very soon get over it. The truth is there are too many Tyler men. There are least a dozen in this town, and only one office for th?m all. It is high time for them to split. Half a dozen at least must be pitched over board. As soon as one of them gets an of fice the others fall upon him and denounce him as an enemy of the President at heart. It he should be turned out, they would in three week, attack bis successor in the same way. Being in office is with them proof positive of opposition to the President. The Santa Fe Merchants.—The specie brought by these wealthy and welcome traders is variously reported to be from 250 t 05360,000. It was principally in gold bullion, done up in sacks oi green hides, like seroons of indigo.— They made several contracts whilst here, one with Mr. Cyrus Towns for 40 wagons and 5 pleasure carriages, and another with Hartly for 400 sets of mule harness.— Pittsburgh American. Ten of the company (Spaniards and Mexi cans,) had reached Philadelphia, for the pur chase of goods, with $225,000 in goldbars and dust. From, the Southern Cultivator. CURING SWEET POTATOES. Mr. Editor—ln looking over the last Culti vator, I see something said about curing sweet potatoes, which should interest a Georgian as much as does the Irish potato a Northerner, for 1 have tong been of the opinion, that one acre of land well planted and cultivated in potatoes, would yield more profit to a family than any other cultivation we could give it, and, although it is generally admitted, it is frequently neglect ed, from the idea that they will not keep sound and good through the winter. This is all a no tion, and, in too many instances, to be attributed to carelessness and a dependence on servants, who too frequently are reckless of the interest of their masiers. 1 was brought up on a plan tation, and of course partly raised on potatoes; lor ray father was always successful in raising and saving them, and his manner of planting and cultivating was something similar to Mr. McKinley’s, for I do not recollect ot ever see ing a potato hill on his plantation. I now have the same in possession, and have endeavored to pursue the same course of making and cur ing, and up to this moment have had no reason to complain ot rotten potatoes at any season oi the year. My mode of putting them up is simply this: I dig so soon as 1 find the vines have been kill ed or bitten by the frost, (cotion or no cotton in the field.) I then select my seed from the eat ing roots, being careful to have no cut or broken ones thrown with them. I then have them car ried and put in a potato house, built expressly for the purpose. It is built of small logs, and left rather open except at the end where I pack up the potatoes. The house is tong and nar row, and should be built according to the quan tity a person is in the habit of making. Before digging, I am particular in having the house perfectly dry, and a plenty of dry sand to cover the potatoes with. The ground is scraped off until it is hard and smooth. I then have the po tatoes deposited, and as they continue to rise on the sides of the house, I place, with a shovel, the dry sand a few inches thick between the wall and potatoes, which is two sides and one end.— I then leave them in this situation until I find a change in the weather, which gives them a chance for airing and drying. If a few sharp frosts should come along, I throw a little light straw or grass over them, and remove it when the weather becomes more warm; but so soon as I find it getting cold enough for freezing, I then throw my dry sand over the naked potatoes until they are completely covered; and in this and no other way haye I saved them until late in the spring. It may appear to some that this preparation will be rather troublesome; but they should re collect, when it is once effected it is but little trouble, for the same house and sand will last a lifetime. Should any doubt my plan and assertions, all I have to say is for them to try it, and should they have cause for talking ot rotten potatoes, let them call on me the 24th of May, of each and every year, and they shall hare a potato dinner. a m.a.ntcr. Green County, Ga., May 10, IfrU. MONDAY MORNING, JUNE 5. Acquittal of Lewis. By Saturday morning’s mail from the Wes ve received intelligence of the acquittal of Joh: -ano Lewis, who had been on trial in the St erior Court, charged with being concerned t the late robbery of the Trust Company, at Co lumbus. Tallahassee—Proceedings of Council. Deeply aroused as our sympathies have bee or the distressed and destitute condition of th •itizens oi Tallahassee, it is a source of unal oyed pleasure to announce to our readers th oltowing Resolution of the City Council, ac ompanied by the several committees of the re spective Wards as appointed by the Mayor.— Having so fully expressed our views in relation to this subject, in our paper of Friday, we deem it unnecessary to add any thing on the presen. occasion, save to express the hope that the seve ral committees will faithfully and zealously dis charge the benevalent duty imposed by hit Honor the Mayor. It is indeed a noble work; one worthy to engage the heads and hearts, and to excite the energies ofthe benevolent and phi lanthropic. The fatherless and the widow ap peal—and to warm hearted Augustians we feel great pleasure, not uiuningled with pride, in saying such an appeal was not met with a cold response. • • Mayor’s Office, June 3, 1843. At a meeting of the City Council, held this day, the following resolution was passed: “Resolved, That a committee of six citizens I I from each Ward, be appointed to solicit sub scriptions from the citizens generally , <to aid-t h • sufferers by the late fire in Tallahassee. Said committee to report the amount collected to his Honor the Mayor, who shall transmit the same to the Mayor of Tallahassee.” In obedience to the above, I have appointed Messrs. Asaph Waterman, S. H. Oliver, L. T. Shopp', H. F. Russell, Walter Henry, and John Foster, for Ward No. 1. Messrs. Daniel Hook, C. J. Cook, M. Fred erick, Jesse Kent, D. Bottom, and John G. Dunlap, for Ward No. 2. Messrs. J. B. Bishop, John Kerr, T. S. Met calf, A. G. Bull; Wm. Shear, and Thos. Rich ards, for Ward No. 3. Messrs. P. Flemming, C. B. Hitt, P. Stovall, Wm. Nelson, E. Snyder, and H. Bryson, for Ward No. 4 ; a Committee to collect subscrip tions for the purpose mentioned in the Resolu tion. M. M. DYE, Mayor. Another Convict.—On the 23d inst., a con vict named Wm. H. Jones was received in the Penitentiary from Perry county, for the murder of one of his own negroej, by whipping. —Sen- tence ten years. Mr. Jones we understand is a man of good property and standing, and is from a highly re spectable family in Virginia..-Wetumpka Argus. TV The Hon. John Guincy Adams was bom on the 11th of July, 1767, and consequently will be 76 years old in July next. Sj-The debt ofthe City of New York is $12,- 731,518, of which $11,358,624 is on account oi the introduction of the Croton water. The an nual interest on this debt exceeds $739,000, or 3 1-10 mills on each dollar of the assessable pro perty. yV There had been a great fire in the woods near Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, which has done much damage to the forests. A dwelling bouse and bam were also destroyed. TV Advices from Cincinnati mention the deatfl of Moses Dawson, Esq., a well known politician of that city. _ JVThe Madisonian has a contradiction ofthe report that Mr. Wickliffe was to retire from the General Post Office Department, and that Wm. Neil, Esq. of Ohio, was to lake his place. An aged and venerable di vine, who discovered that a mischievous son of his had been racing his old mare, scolded the young r >gue in very severe terms and exhausted all his powers of re proof and reprobation; but in the conclusion could not resist the temptation to inquire how the race terminated. “She beat ’em” was the answer. ‘ Ah!” said the oldgentleman, “she’s a fine creature, Jim; when I rode her, nothing oould pass her on the road.” The First Delegate to the Whig Nation al Convention.—At a Whig Convention of Delegates for the Sixth Congressional district of the State of Illinois, held at Rock Island on the 10th ot May, after nominating Cyrus Walk er as their candidate for Congress, E. B. Wash bume, Esq. (of Galena) was selected as the dele gate from the district to attend the National Convention at Baltimore in May next. This is the first appointment of a delegate to that Con vention which we remember to have seen.— Nat. Intel. The Col. Johnson meeting at St. Louis on the 20th, appears to have been a momentous af fair. The Republican says: Two highly momentovis resolutions were pro posed. One nominated the Colonel tor the Presidency, and the other was, that a -collection should betaken upto pay for the candles! — Both passed, although the former had the most votes decidedly. One man had his poc.'kets pick ed in the course of the evening. Speculation.—The N. Y. Tribune remarks that the tide of speculation rolls on with increas ed force, and stocks of every description, good, bad and indifferent, alike are advancing under its powerful influence. From the Southern Cultivator. Eden, Effingham County, Ga., ) May 16th, 1843. J Mr. Editor—ln your last number you invite communications upon the subject of preserving the sweet potato. As I have nad souie ex peri ence in that way, I will give you what 1 have found to be the most successful plan. Large hills or banns never keep so well as small ones; twenty bushels are sufficient. I open a hoie or bed about a foot deep, in high dry land, (dee per would be better,) put the potatoes in in a conical form, and cover with pine straw and icom staliks, or stalks, alone, at first, and then with earth from eight to twelve inches deep. Covering lightly at first and increasing the quantity o 1 earth as the cold increases, would probably be better, but 1 have always found more risk in covering too lightly than too heavil y. The only advantage in putting straw or sta Iks, is to keep the earth from mixing with the potatoes, as 1 have no doubt they would keep equally well, or better, to put the earth on without either straw or stalks. I built a house som-s- years ago of clay, the walls about a foot thick, and covered (under the roof) in the same mannet , but I found it would not preserve my potatoes . When I open a hill I now remove the coi: tents to this house during winter, but in spring, isay early in May, I remove my potatoes to a dn r house or loft, for if left in the hill, they sprout or become too moist and soft to be good. I s< Idom keep the Spanish so late, but I rarely ( ail to have the yam till new potatoes are dug. 1 have no doubt Mr. McKinley ’s plan for planting is good in the up country, oi where the land is stiff' and dry, but in our te vel, sandy soil, I think the bed’ much belter. Ele thinks it best to air or dry the potatoes bes re t! ttey are put in the hill. This 1 consider decidei fry injurious, and inconsistent with his next pl? m, of putting them under the ground, which, he says truly, is the natural way. I believe the so oner the pota toes are put in the hill after they are dug the better. While upon the subject of the . potato, allow :• e to enquire, through your v Unable paper, whether any experiments have ever been made to test the practicability of making sugar from sweet potatoes, as I have no dor ibt the yam po tato is equal, if not superior, to I he beet for that purpose. Very respectfully yours,, C. POWERS. The late census of Uppe r Canada gives the population as 506,055, of wl rich number the natal country of 40,684 is England. 78,255 is Ireland. 39,781 is Scotland. 247,655 is Canada, of British origin. 13,969 is Canada, o f F rench origin. 6,681 is the Cootkaerx of Europe. 32,838 is tire United Atates. 7,595 are are ton dgHmacA nature Hied. krointne isuCim-.u. tiauiig.ncer. In j'our paper of the 20th instant, you ha. upied some remai ks from the “Lexington (Kj iielligencer,” upon the “Power ot Removal, ie abuse of which has been, of late years, cui ied to so enormous an extent in our country utat no tune, perhaps, has it been more wan nly and absurdly abused than at the presen t is indeed a subject which should most earnest , engage the attention of every patriot in tne L ■tales, and their efforts should never cease unti ■is unlimited and mos - c .erupting and dangei ous power is properly checked. rs not maiupiopv-s co cue subject, I have co ect cue following froui Moote’s “View ot l'a /," vol. 1, chap, viii., written in the year 1780, /nich, if you think proper, you can publish, in eakin« of the Venetian Republic, after de •cribing itsfirstform of Government, something ke our old Articles of Confederation, ant which, like them, was found after a time, not to nswerso well, lie states that “a change in the arm of Government was thought necessary.” “After various debates and proposals, it wa» inally determined that a chief magistrate shoulc e elected as the centre of public authority, whose power might give such vigor and efficien y to tne laws as was absolutely necessary in dmes of danger, and whose duty should be to cirect the force of the resources of the State with iromptitude, uncramped by that opposition am. jonsequent dilatoriness which had been too ap parent under the Tribunes. This magistrate was not to be named King but Duke, which has since been corrupted to Doge. The office was not to be hereditary but elective, and the Doge was to enjoy it for life. It was agreed that he should have the nomination of all the inferior magistrates, and the power of making peace and declaring war, without consulting any but such of the citizens as he should think proper. When the election took place, all the suffrag es fell upon Paul Luc Anafeste, who entered in to this new office in the year 1697. “The Venetians must certainly have felt great inconveniences from their former Govem men',..pr have been under great dread from do mestic ofToreign ten CdUfel, submit to such a fundamental change in tiie nature of their Constitution. It is evident that, on this occasion, they seem to have los. that jealous attention to liberty which they formerly possessed; for while they withheld from their chief magistrate the name, they left him all the power of a king. There is no period when real and enlightened patriots ought to watch with more vigilance over the rights of the pe pie, than in times of danger from foreign enemies; for the public in general are then so much en grossed by the dangers from without, that they overtook the encroachments which are more apt at those times than any other, to be made on their constitution from within; and it is of small importance that men defend their country from foreign foes, unless they retain such a share ol internal freedom as renders a country worth the defending. “It is highly probable that the great degree of popularity which their first Doge had acquired before he arrived at that dignity, and the great confidence the people had in his public and pri vate virtues, rendered them unwilling to limit the power of a person who lh~y were convinced would make a good use of it. 'f the man had been immortal and incorruptible, they would have been in the right. However, it’must be confessed, that this Doge justified their good op inion more than favorites of the people general ly do. “In the ’ouncils which he called on any mat ter of importance, he sent messages to those cit izens for whose judgment he had lhe greatest esteem, praying that they would come and as sist him with their advice. This method was observed afterwards by succeeding Doges; and lhe citizens so sent tor were called Pregadi.— 1 he Doge’s council are still called Pregadi, though they have tong sat independent cf his invitation. “The first and second Doge governed with moderation and ability; but the third gave the Venetians reason to repent that they had not confined the power of their chief magistrate within narrower limits. After having served the State by his military talents, he endeavored to enslave it. His projects were discovered; but as the improvident people, in the last ar rangement of their constitution, had preserved no legal remedy foi such an evil, they were ob liged to use the only m ans now in their power: they assaulted the Doge in his palace, and put him to death without further ceremony. “The people had conceived so much hatred for him that, after his death, they resolved to abolish the office. In lhe general assembly, it was agreed that the chief magistrate tor the fu ture should be elected every year; that he should have the same power as formerly while he re mained in office; but as this was to be for a short time, they imagined he would behave with equity and moderation; and as they had an equal dislike to Doge and Tribune, he was .called Master ofthe Militia. “The form of government introduced by this revolution was but of short duration. Factions arose and became too violent for the transient authirity ofthe Masters of the Militia tore strain. The office expired five years after its institution, and, by one of those strange and un accoun.table changes of sentiment to which the multitude are so subject, the authority of the Doge wa s restored in the person of the son of the last Dc'ge, whom, in a fit of furious discon tent they had assassinated. This restoration happened a bout the year 1730. “For a lon g time after this, the Venetian an nals display many dreadful scenes of cruelty: Doges abusing their power, endeavoring to es tablish a perm anznt and hereditary despotism by having their eldest sons associated in the of fice with themselves, and then oppressing the people with double violence. The people, on the other hand, alter bearing with the most ab ject patience the capricious cruelty of their ty rants, rising at once and murdering them, ordri ving them with igmominy out ot their domin ions. Unable to be ar either limited or absolute government, the impotent and capricious mul titude wish for things which have always been found incompatible: lhe secrecy, promptitude, and efficacy ol a despotic government, with all the freedom and mildness of a legal and limited constitution. “It is remarkable that when the Doge was, even a small degree, popular, he seldom found any difficulty in getting his son elected his as sociate in the sovereign authority; and when that was not the case, there are many instances ofthe son being chosen directly on the death of his father.” [By the power of patronage and other means of corruption, I suppose.] “Yet about the middle of the tenth century the son ofthe Doge, Peter Candiano, took arms and rebelled against his father. Being soon after defeated and brought in chains to Venice, he was condemned to banishment, and declared in capable of ever being elected Doge. It appears, however that this worthless person was a great tavorite with the people, for no sooner was his father dead than he was chosen to succeed him, and conducted in great pomp from Ravenna, the place ot his exile, to Venice. “The Venetians were severely punished for this instance of levity. Their new Doge show el himself as tyrannical in the character ot sovereign as he had been undutiful in that of a son. He became a monster of pride and cruelty. The people began to murmur, and he became susceptible of tuat terror which usually accom panies tyrants. He established a body of life guards to defend hisperson, and lodged them within the palace. This innovation filled the people with indignation, and awakened all their fury. They attack the palace, are repulsed by the guards, and set fire to the contiguous houses. The wretched Doge, in danger of being confined by the flames, appear’ at the gate ofthe palace with his infant son in his arms imploring the compassion of the multitude: they, inexorable as d.mons, tear tn pieces father and child. Having spent their fury in the des ruction of the tyrant, they leave the tyraniy as before. No measures arc taken lo limit. Ute power of the Doge." To such tyranny, anarchy, and bloodshed have our institutions been tending, and must tend, un less some checks are given to the power and patronage ofthe Chief Magistrate. May 26, 1843. a Virginian. Object of the Visit to the Hermitage.—A Washington letter in the Phila. Mercury (Tyler) says— “ One ofthe latest and boldest movements sug gested by the absolute desperation of the st/A stocking democracy, has been themissionofFran cis P. Blair of the Globe to the Hermitage, in the hope of securing the consent of Gen. Jack son to preside over Mr. Van Buren’s, not the Democratic Convention, proposed to be held in Novemlier next. The object of this visit was to commit “the Old Hero” a third time in favor oi Mr. Van Buren.” Celebrated Chimes. —Tne New World has put out, in a twclve-and-a-half cent pamphlet, translations from the French of Alex. Dumas, of The Countess of “St. Geran; Vanika; ant Nisidia.” The work is for sale bv S. A. Holmes The Blacklegs of Evansville, many of whom are Cherokees, which place lies on the Ime of the State of Arkansas, have a very sim ile method of dodging the law. They have a house on each side ol the line, with a table ex ctly on it. The whites go on the Indian side, and the Cherokees come on the Arkansas terri tory. In case of surprise, all they have to do is to change sides, and theyare sate. The State authorities have no power on Indian ground neither can the Cherokee police trespass on th I-tate. The house being mutually owned 1 the partircolored gamblers they cannot be touch ed. VOL. VII.-N 0.23. Ur x ueatuouUiot A reality notes ng on the Ist of June, it is officially stated, was Jll, 607,085 73. Dea tit of n oah Webster. The venerable American Lexicographer has >een gathered to his fathers. He/lied at his reel .n New Haven about 8 o’clock en lhe 27th vlay, in the 85th year of his ags. The New liven Herald furnishes us with the feUowiltf notice: sei . Webster has been a long time before the public as a prominent individual in the vartoaa .epartments of society, and a short notice ofthe principal events of his life cannot be iin.re.Ha ole to the public. He was born in West HatU ..rd, in this Sime, October 16th, 1758. Ho was a descendant of John Webster, one of the Am culets ot tiaiuoru, who was a member of lhe Colonial Council trom its first formation, and subsequently Governor of Connecticut. Noah Webster entered Yale College in ITM. In his Junior year, in the time of Burgoyne’a expedition from U anada, he volunteered his ser vices under the command of his father, who was captain in lhe alarm list. In that rampslgeq all the males of the family, four in Mtaber, were in the army at the same time. Notwith standing this interruption in his studies, Mr. Webster graduated with high reputation in ITM During the summer ot 1779, he resided in the family of Mr. Ellswerth, afterwards Chief Jus tice, at Hartford. He was admitted to the bar in 1781. Subsequently, he was engaged in the business ot instruction, and being strongly im pressed with the defects of such books as were * then in use in elementary schools, published in 1782, at Hartford, his -First Part of a Gram matical Institute of the English Grammar. The great success of this work, and of others of lhe same c'ass prepared by him, is well known.— Mr. Webster early became a political writer. His first publication in this charactor was at Hartford in 1783, when the State was agitatad on the subject of half pay for life to the Rero- Connecticut Cijuranf,' under the MgmriUe Honorious, he received 'the thanks of Governor Trumbull in person, and was highly cooopli. mented by other gentlemen of distinction. At various other periods of public excitement and difficulty, the aid of his pen was solicited by those who were best acquainted with his faU and correct information on questions of public interest, and his ability to explain and defend his own views. His ‘Sketches of American Policy,' publish ed in 1784, his writing in favor of the adoption of the Federal Constitution, in defence of Wash ington’s proclamation of neutrality, and of the treaty negotiated with Great Britain and Mr. Jay, had great influence on public opinion, and were highly appreciated. Various other topics during the same period were publicly discussed by him. In 1793 he commenced a daily paper in New York, which is now called the Commer cial Advertiser and New York Spectator. Mr. WebsterremovedtoNew Haven inITN, and in 1807 entered the great business of his life—the compiling of a new and complete Dic tionary of the English Language. This work he prosecuted amidst various difficulties and discouragements, and published the first edition of it in 1828. In the preparation of this Dic tionary he was led to investigate to a great ex tent the subject of Etymology, and the rela tions of various languages to each other. Thia Dictionary has been more favorably rscstvqd than, as is believed, the authorever anticipated. His other publications are too numerous to be particularly mentioned here. Dr. Webster for med no opinion without investigation, and such opinion on any subject as appeared to bias, af ter full consideration to be correct, he nevsr feared to express. He stiongly loved his coun try, and was a patriot of the Washington school. He lived and cited in the faith of the Gospel.— For lhe last forty years of his life, though he had been long before a diligent student, he de voted his time to literary pursuits with an ardor rarely seen in any country, and especially in this. His study was his home; his books and pen his constant companions; and his knowledge to the last was constantly on the increase. When su h a man is taken from lite, ’much learning dieth with him.’ Dr. Webster had enjoyed remarkably vigor ous health till within a few days of his death. On Monday of last week he was slightly unwell, but no alarm was felt by his family. His dis order, however, soon took the form of pleurisy, and he gradually sank under the attack till, at the time above mentioned, in the full possession of his reason he died with entire composure and resignation. From the Southern Cultivator. MODE OF STOPPING GULLIES IN LAND. Mr. Jones—lt is a matter ot no small mag nitude to know effectually the best plan to Mop washes through our fields. In consequence of so many small valleys or washes on our hill sides, many ot our ; lanters are prevented from manuring, from the fact that the manure will all wash away in a short time, and those val .eys are also a preventive oi horizontal ditching, as the water will still be conveyed in them, con sequently they cannot be ploughed across after running the side ditches. To remedy the evil I will here give my mode of effecting this desira ble object. Before I commence running my ditches, I haul leaves from the woods and cover over the galded places to a depth not to be difficult to plough. I then commence with a dagem plow in the bottom of the gully, plowing up and down the whole length of the valley or gully, throw ing the dirt in the valley from both sides, until I reach the level part ol ground; then if the first operation does not fill up, 1 repeat it until the valley becomes a plain. After this is done you can run your side ditches, and manure to your liking, and it will be as easy to cultivate as any other part of lhe field. But some will say that “my gullies are too deep,” (true enough) and how to prevent its pro gress they are at a toss to know. To such un fortunate farmers I would say, gather every combustible that can be procured, and fill up the deep gullies* to within one foot ol the top, take your dagem plow and commence in the edges of the gully, and with hoes haul the dirt over this filling, and in the course of two years you can make this a plain and cultivate over it The filling may be any thing you can procure, such as rucks, brush and other things, no matter what so the gully is filled. If reck is used it should always be put at the bottom. I have often been defeated in stopping gullies by throwing in logs, making dams across, which always made two for one. This work shoul 1 be done in the winter, wbea the ground is soft, and the side ditch run with out delay, to prevent a toss of labor. If this mode of improving our land is taken in time, it will prevent much labor: for so long as hilly land is cultivated wilhou. side ditching, so tong will it continue to wash in gullies, and become more difficult to stop. Had our fanners commenced this mode of improvement years past, our old red hill Georgia would now pre sent quite a different aspect; but alas! alas! it is not so. Mr. Editor, I long to see the day when the Cultivator will be filled with the productions ot Georgia writers; then I shall know that im provement is with our fanners; but so long as we neglect to exchange ideas, so long will we continue to follow our old ; lans of culture, and the consequence will be light crops and a yearly increase of gullies. Say who will try the ex periment. Come, let me hear from you. JOHN ROOT. Green County, Ga., May 11th, 1843. ’Some gullies are too deep to do any Using wish. Gone over the Falls. —The Buffalo Com mercial Advertiser states that on Friday last, & man went over the catarait, on the Canadian side of the Niagara. He was dr ving a pair ol horses, and had backed into the river to get a load of sand somewhere nearly opposite Navy Island, when the current bore off’he wagon and thorses beyond the control of the driver, towards lhe rapids. A person w bo witnessed lhe peri lous situation, mate off in a canoe to interoept hem, but getting alarmed for his own safety, had to change his coutse and return again. One of the horses extricated himself from the wagon, and swam in safety to the shore, while his mate and the driver were seen to pitch from one shoot to the other, until they both plunged into tbs abyss below. The way the Yankees get over ths Vir ginia Inspection Law.—The Norfolk Herald observes: “Capt. Marryatt says, the first thing the Americans do after lhe passage of a law, is to devise some scheme to defeat its eiecutiM and render it of no effect Such indeed seetas to be the case in regard to the Virginia Inspec tion law to protect the slave property of her eiA iz -ns against the legislation of New York. Vir ginia has passed a very efficient law; but Yan kee ingenuity has discovered away lo evade it. A friend assures us that New York vessels now clear trom Jersey City, where they procure their regular papers, which cost them one dollar, sail for Virginia, discharge their cargoes, and re turning, clear tor Jersey City—thus eluding the ins; ention law.” Who Would Lie for a Piokom?—Someex change paper tells a story of a lad who, in re lating the exploits of his father in hunting on the previous day asserted that he killed nine hun dred and ninety-nine pigeons at one shot! Hi» companion observed that it would have been well to have added one to the number, and made it an even thousand. VounwhisfithstediAhlgfii dudgeon, retorted, "Wflat! doyon enpoone suf father would tell a lie fw a pige<»»’ | fcrtr.