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Wttklu Clitomck & SeiiiincL
OLD'SERIES, VOL. LVII.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED DAILY, TUI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY,
BY J. w. & W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT ♦
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for S 3.
Tri- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
*•»?. ■•rontric Sentinel.
AUGUSTA.
FRIDAY JIORNfNG, JUNE 9.
Georgia Railroad—Charleston Guarantee.
In reply to ths communication which appear
ed in the Charleston Courier of
anti whiohsrv <u*pteU toow
we are authorized to say, that no application to
obtain the endorsement ot the City of Charles
ton on the ‘bonds of the Georgia Railroad and
Banking Company, has ever been made to the
City Council of Charleston by the Georg jp Rail
road and Banking Company; nor has any such
guarantee been solicited by said company, its
agents or directors.
Iron Slabs for Tombs.—The Pittsburgers
are going ahead with their new contrivances in
iron work at a rapid rate. It was sometime since
said that they made iron coffins, and now they
are making, if it be not a contradiction in terms,
iron tomb-s/on«. They are said to be finished
with elegance and ornamented with beautiful de
vices.
Condition of the New Orleans Banks.—
The following is a statement of the condition of
the banks, as officially published by the Board
of Currency:
Brake. Crculnlim. Depositt. Specie.
Bank of Lou. 81,000,726
Canal Bank, 3) 875 8,243 69 50,57'2 59
Citrßank. 142.779 34'2,269 98 481,762 54
Low Slate Bank, 115,263 562,644 02 665,625 02
Meeh’s i Tra. 4 0.750 1,306,162 61 1,632,960 6'2
Union Bank, &t>79
818,814,951 84,643,632 02 66,261,419 72
These six are the only banks in the city of
New Orleans that meet thejr engagements in
cash. Their cash liabilities, other than circu
lation and deposites, amount to $567,078 48,
and their cash assets, besides specie, amount to
$1,353,896 42. — Pic. June ‘.I.
Coffee.—This is so favorite a beverage that
every mode of improving its good qualities will
interest the many who like its flavor. An Ohio
paper recommends the following recipe as ex
cellent both on the score of taste and economy:
“Take one pound of coffee and one pound of
dried apples, cut the apples into small pieces, and
brown the coffee and apples together, and take
an equal quantity of both and make coffee and
drink it as usual, and you will find it to be deli
cious, you will think it equal to the real import
ed coflee, and one pound will go as far as two
of the other.
Shakspeare’s Autograph.—The deed of bar
gain and sale of a house, purchased by Shaks
peare, in Blackfriars, dated 10th of March, 1612,
with the signature of the poet attached to it,
which deed was sold in May, 18-11, was again
brought to the hammer recently, and sold for
.6145. In 1838 the British Museum gave £l3O
for the copy of “Florio’s Essays, of Montaigue,”
1608, with the name “William Shakspeare”
wriUen on the fly-leaf. It was, doubtless, an
authentic signature of the poet. On the former
occasion when this autograph was sold it fetch
ed £l6O. It was public’y announced that it
was bought by Mr. Dambert Jones for the libra
ry of the city of London. During the life of
Shakspeare, the Lord Mayor and Aidermen
successfully resisted the performance of a single
play by Shakspeare within their walls, and now
they give £lls for his signature!
Alien Soldiers. —The Supreme Court of
New York, at its recent term, decided that the
enlistment of an alien in the army of the U. S.
js not illegal; and cannot on the ground of alien*
age be set aside.
The same decision was made, some little
time ago, by the Court of Appeals in Virginia.
From the Athens Whig of the 2d inst.
History of Georgia.
Our attention having been directed to a no
tice in Graham’s Magazine for June, stating
Rev. Dr. Stevens would finish during the sum
mer his “History oi Georgia," we directed a
note to him, asking information on the subject,
and have been favored with the following reply.
Athens, June Ist, 18-13.
Dear Sin—ln reply to your note, calling my
attention to the paragraph in the “Editor’s Ta
ble” of “Graham’s Magazine,” concerning my
proposed history, I beg leave to state, that the
editor is in error with regard to its completion
and publication.
In undertaking, at the request of the “Georgia
Historical Society,” to write the History of
Georgia, I did it with the understanding that it
was to occupy my liesure hours; lor the para
mount duties of my profession will permit me
to devote to it no other lime. But had I been
■disposed to have hastened out the work, I could
not have done so, without great violence to the
demands and the proprieties of history.
I know it is the opinion of many, that be
-cause the State obtained a number of volumes
-of “Colonial Documents” from England, that 1
must therefore be possessed of ample materials
for my task; but it is not so, for though the pa
pers obtained by Mr. Howard are valuable, they
are not as valuable as was at first supposed. I
have no time now to enter into any analysis of
their contents, but a thorough investigation of
them has convinced me that their historical
worth has been much overrated. Os two most
important periods they furnish us nothing, viz:
the first three years of the co.ony, from 1732 to
1735, and the seven years of the Revolution.—
IV itbout the first 1 cannot begin my history, and
without the last I cannot close it. Where the
original proceedings of ihe “Trustees for set
tling the colony of Georgia” are, I know not.
Mr. Sparks, the distinguished editor of Wash
ington’s and Franklin's writings, &c., with
whom I have conversed on this subject, thinks
that they are lost; if not, that they may possibly
be in the possession of the decendants of the
President or Secretary of the Board. It is all
important to obtain, it possible, these papers,
by which so natch and such different interpre
tations may be thrown upon the period of their
guardianship. In reference to the revolutionary
papers, 1 ean only say, that our Minister to
Great Britain, Mr. Everett, in a letter written
just before the conclusion of the Ashburton
Treaty, stated, that if that was amicably ad
justed, I could, without doubt, have access to all
the files of that period in the English offices
But these deficiencies are not all. lam met
at the very outset, by difficulties which require
the most careful examination, and most guard
ed decisions. The whole history of the visiting
of this country by the French and Spaniards,
prior to its occupancy by the English, is involv
ed in intricacies which ean only be unravelled
by patient industry and critical investigation.—
Differing as 1 do on some of these points from
Bancroft, (America’s best Historian,) I feel un
willing to advance my opinions without again
consulting him, and the rare collection of old
maps and charts in his library.
Upon the subject of the German settlements
in Georgia, 1 have, through the libcralitvof the
late James Grahame, L. L. D., of Nantes,
France, full and interesting materials, consist
ing ol about 25 volumes of German books and
pamphlets, from the pens of Urlsperger, Bolzi
us, Von Reck and others. Mr. Grahame took
much interest in my proposed work, and even
engaged Sir Wm. Hamilton, of Edinburgh, to
look me up any documents relative to the colony’
which settled in Georgia from Inverness and
other places in Scotland. My printed and man
uscript sources of information are lafger proba
bly than were ever before collected on this topic,
but much remains yet to be gathered in Spain
and elsewhere, besides what I have specified.—
To collect « hat I need, and arrange and digest
all, requires much time and labor and expense.
I might indeed hurry out a work bearing the ti
tle ol a History ot Georgia in a few months,
but it would be satisfactory neither to the pub
lic nor myself, and I prefer, therefore, to wait
until I can gather all requisite materials, before
I begin so important a work. When it will ap
pear I cannot tell, Fcstiua Bente is a good rule
for the historian as well as for the sculptor and
the painter; and I hope that no desire to gratify
the well meant haste of the public will cause
me to violate it.
I am, with much respect,
Your obedient servant,
WM BACON STEVENS
Tyllrism aoain.—The Mobile Advertiser o.
the 3d inst. says:—Sure enough, John Tyler has
removed Dr. James Perrine from the office 01
collectorof this port, and appointed Collier H.
Minge, Esq., of this city, in his stead. Dr. Per
rine received his appointment from Mr. Tyler,
and was removed, we suppose, because he was
suspected of “being al heart in favor of Mr.
Clay ” There could have been no other cause.
His successor, however, is a most estimable and
worthy man—an old acquaintance and intimate
friend of Mr. Tyler, and has for some time past
been considered a Tyler man. To the last qual
ification he is probably indebted, solely, fbr his
appointment. There are one or two more Ty
ler men in this city, and we earnestly commend
them to the Captain, as eminently entitled to his
favorable attention.
Incentive to Matrimony.—A company of
young men at Lincoln, England have originated
a new club. Each member pay’s Is. weekly,
which is placed in the savings bank. The first
of the party who marries is to receive the whole
■amount deposited, together with the interest.
A Map of Life.
a cast*,
ing dur eyes Over the columns ofa newspaper,
we cannot but be struck with the variety of in
telligence conveyed in a single sheet. Here we
find the wholesale prices current, which brings
to view the bustle of mercantile transactions;
then perhaps follows half a column of applica
tions for letters of administration, forcibly re
minding ns that many of these lately active in
dividuals are now quietly reposing in the arms
of death, and that many clamorous relatives and
friends are thinking more of their property than
of their ashes. The intelligence now takes a
more extensive range, and we are, at certain
seasons of the year, informed whai a large con
gregation of these transitory mortals are doing
in their dignified, executive, and legislative ca
pacity ; .men who talk about their rights as if
they were of eternal duration. Then a case of
murder occurs, showing how' these important
characters r ay hasten the approach of the king
of terrors, as if death delayed his advances too
long. Then we have an account of a prison,
explaining the mode adopted by society to se
cure the possessors of property the means of en
joying it during the regular advances of death.
Then comesa project of internal improvement,
that for the little time we do remain upon this
earth, we may be allowed the use of railroads
and canals; that we may divert rivers from their
ancient courses, all of which reminds us of the
flow of human existence. Then follow adver
tisements for builders, brick-layers, stone-ma
sons and what not to inform us that these tenants
ol an hour must build for their residence that
will stand longer than themselves, erecting su
perb mansions for others to inhabit. At last in
a little obscure corner of the newspaper we find
an obituary, passed over as an ordinary' event
to remind us after all of how little consequence
we are.
The Philadelphia Ledger says that a news
paper is an useful instrument of instruction, and
advantageous to the public in proportion as it i
imparts the valuable information. Its province ,
is more extended than any other vehicle of pub
lic instruction, and its influence for good or evil '
is consequently more deeply felt. Its main ob
ject should be to teach its readers, to furnish
them with news, to elucidate principles, and to
establish truth; and this should be done in a
way to allay rather than excite angry feeling;
to lead to reflection rather than to urge to pas
sion ; in short, should be done in a gentlemanly
manner, as intended for the edification of gen
tlemen in a community of gentlemen.— Boston
Evening Bulletin.
We invite attention to the great performance
of a Locomotive Steam Engine on the Philadel
phia and Columbia Rail Road. The improve
ment of Messrs. Baldwin & Whitney on Loco
motives, must work a revolution in cheapening
freigb.tson Rail Roads. Rail Roads are destined
to revolutionize the trade of the world, and even
steam navigation on our rivers will have to yield
them the superiority in speed, certainty and
cheapness of transportation.
from the United Stales Gazette.
Great Performance of a Locomotive Steam
Hugiue.
Mr. Editor—Messrs Baldwin & Whitney, En
gineer-, ol this city, have recently made and pa
tented valuable improvei.-.ents in their Locomo
tive Steam Engines, by which the weight upon
each pair of wheels is equalised, the lacilities
for turning curves and conforming to the undu
lations ol the rails increased, and the efficiency
lor carrying freight, in proportion to the agregate
weight and cost ot the engine, nearly doubled as
compared with engines ol ordinary construction.
One ofthese engines on six wheels, all of which
are connected, was recently finished and placed
on the “Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad”
for trial, where its performances fully realized
the expectations of the makers.
The weight ot this engine in running order,
including two men, water, and fuel, is 28,5001b5.
or 12 72-100 gross tons. The weight of the ten
der, with a full supply of fuel and water, is 25,-
275 lbs. or 1128-100 gross tons.
The undersigned, teeling an interest in all
improvements ot so much importance to the
public, and in the success and economy’ of rail
road liansportation, made several trips upon this
engine, across the Columbia Railroad, in com
pany with Mr. Whitney, one of the builders,
with a view of testing its merits. Upon these
several occasions, its performance was as fol
lows :
On the 17th of the present month, it drew from
the station at the head of the Schuylkill plane,
to Columbia, 39 loaded cars, including a three
section portable boat, weighing altogether 165
tons, 5 cwt. 2 qrs. 13 lbs. exclusive ot engine
and tender, in 8 hours 30 minutes, running
time, distance 78 miles.
On the 18th, it returned from Columbia, draw
ing 40 loaded cars, weighing, exclusive of en
gine and tender,2o4 tons, 13 cwt. 2 qrs. 13 lbs.,
in 8 hours 45 minutes, distance same as before,
78 miles.
On the 22d, a full train westward, could not
be obtained. The engine started Irotn the
Schuylkill station with 20 loaded cars, which
were increased .’it the stations along the line, to
40 cars, generally without cargoes, the engine
at no time drawing over 110 tons, exclusive of
its own weight and tender.
On the 23d it left Columbia with 47 loaded
cars, weighing 219 tons, 19 cwt. 3 qrs. 13 lbs.,
which it drew up all the grades upon the road,
to 39 feet rise per mile. It drew 39 ot these cars
(ineluding a three section portable boat) weigh
-233 tons, up grades of 45 feet rise per mile, time
of running 77 miles 9 hours 18 minutes.
On the 18th the engine evaporated 4994 cubic
fest of water, accurately measured, and con
sumed 2 25-100 cords of dry oak wood, and 40
bushels of bituminous coal. On the 23d it e
vaporated 519 cubic leetol water, and consum
ed 2 31-100 cords of dry oak wood, and 40 bush
els bit uninous coal. The wood was of good
quality, but the coal was unsuitable. It was
very ime, and large quantities of it was carried
out with the blast from the exhaust steam pipes
unconsumed.
Besides the resistance resulting from the fric
tion ot cars or wagons of a train, an additional
resistance occurs Irotn the gravity of the whole
mass upon the plane. The gravity is the force
by virtue of which the train would descend the
plane if not resisted, and is equal to the weight
of the mass, divided by the number that indi
cates the inclination of the plane. If, therefore,
in the case of the ascent of a grade of 45 feet
per mile, which is one foot in 1174, on the 17th
with a train of 165 tons, 5 cwt. 2 qrs. 3 lbs., and
the engine and tender weighing 24 tons, the total
weight of the mass would be 189tons5 cwt. 2 qrs.
13 lbs., which divided by 117 J gives the gravity
3613 lbs., which added" to the resistance from
friction of the cars at 8 lbs. per ton, or 1320 lbs.
gives a total resistance ol 4933 lbs. overcome
by the engine, (exclusive of the friction of the
engine itself,) which on a level railroad is equal
to a train ol 616 tons.
On the 18th the resistance overcome by the en
gine on the 45 feet grades was 5997 lbs. which
was equal to 749 tons on a level railroad.
On tne 23rd the resistance from gravity and
friction, on 39 feet grades, was 6532 lbs. which
was equal to 816 tons on a level railroad. Or
in other words, the power of the engine erected
horizontally’ on the rails, would have lifted a
weight perpendicularly, if attached to a rope
working over a pulley, of 6532 pounds.
The above performances are greater by far,
than those of any other engine ot the same ag
gregate weight, known to the undersigned. The
improvement is of great value, and really en
hances the value of every railroad in the union,
having extensive sources of trade.
H. R. CAMPBELL. Civil Engin’r.
May 29th, 1843.
A tetotaller who is about to go North was
seen yesterday, in laying in his sea stores, to buy
some brandy.
“Why,” said a friend, “what can you want
with brandy? Are you not a tetotaller ?”
Yes, I am,” said the pledged advocate of tem
perance; “I’m a tetotaller on land, but in favor
of brandy and water per sea (sc). — Pic.
Delegates to the Whig Convention from
Wilkes.—Messrs. Robert Toombs, Henry F.
Ellington, Lucius J. Gartrell and George W.
Calloway.
SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 10.
The Florida War Re-opened.
The Savannah Georgian in announcing, with
a grand flourish of trumpets, the nominations ol
the late Locofoco Convention, says:
“In council and in the field, Maj. Cooper has
been a faithful representative—a gallant sol
. Her."
We recollect that the said Mark Antony
Cooper was a “ Georgia Major" in the Florida
War, and if our recollection is not exceedingly
at fault, he consumed quite as much ink on hi*
return in trying to make it appear that he acted
gallantly, as there was Indian blood spilt by
his whole battalion. But he was a “Georgia
Major," and that is quite sufficient to establish
his gallantry as a soldier.
Locofoco Convention.
From the Savannah Republican we learn that
“Resolutions were passed, recommending the
Hon. John C. Calhoun, as their first choice for
President These resolutions, we are told, were
bitterly opposed by some of the members friend
ly to Mr. Van Buren, but were finally acquies
ced in.
J. H. Stark, Esq. of Butts county, was nom
inated aS tile candidate to fll the vacancy in
Congress, by Mr. Cooper’s withdrawal.”
The Alexandria Gazette of the 6th says—the
Custom House of this place was, we under
stand, thoroughly renovated on Saturday last, by
the removal of all the subordinate officers ap
pointed under the Harrison administration.
Whig Meeting.
Dahlonega, Lumpkin co., June 6, 1843.
A meeting of the Whig and States Right
party of Lumpkin county, was held at the Court
House to-day, according to previous notice, to
select delegates to the Convention to be held in
Milledgeville on the third Monday- in June next,
to nominate a candidate tor Governor.
When on motion, Major M. W. Perry was
appointed Chairman, and J. J. Field requested
ki ai t as Secretary.
Ou further motion, a committee composed of
A. S. Rutherford, W. E. Derrick, D. McCor
mick, Z. Samuels, and W. B. Hubbard were
appointed by the Chairman, to report to the
meeting the names of three suitable persons to
represent us in said Convention, who after con
sulting a lew moments, reported the names of
the following gentlemen :—C. B. Sisson, Jesse
L. Riley, and William E. Love, who were
unanimously accepted by said meeting.
It was agreed that the delegates appointed
should have power to fill any vacancy that
might occur. It was
R solved, That the proceeding be signed by
the President and Secretary, and transmitted to
the Chronicle & Sentinel at Augusta, and the
Columbus Enquirer, to be published.
M. W. PERRY, Chairman.
J. J. Field, Secretary.
Correspondence of the North American.
New York, p. m., June 5.
Summer has come in full power—the mercu
ry at noon stood at 79, a higher temperature
than has been feltatthe same date for five years>
with the exception of 18H, when it stood at 86
deg.
It is rumored here that Mr. Taggard, the Sur
veyor of the port, has been remov'd to make
room for Eli Moore. The rumor wants confir
mation.
It is stated that a loan of $50,000, secured
by Government 6 per cents, was made on Sat
urday al 24 per cent, to run 6 months, a rale
of interest low enough, and approaching quite
near enough to the European standard. Notes
of merchants of good repute are readily cashed
at 3i per cent.
Stocks appear rather quiet, but without any
decline.
From the Richmond Whig.
Effects of the Tariff'.
The popular argument in the South against a
Tariff is that it protects the manufacturers at the
expense of all the other interests of society. The
monstrous injustice of legislation, which thus
builds up one interest to the ruin of others, has
been most eloquently expatiated upon; and
m ny people, in the very face of the fact, that
they bought goods cheaper after the imposition
ot a duty’, have been fully persuaded that the
whole amount of the tarifl was taken from their
pockets.
In the North, however they sing to a different
note.—There the manufacturers abound—and
the opponents of a tarifl’ have set about to con
vince them that protection is particularly ruin
ous to them—But in making out their case, they
omit to observe that if, by their showing, the
manufacturers are ruined, the great body of the
people are benefitted.
We copy an article from the New York Even
ing Post—one of the northern tree trade pa; ers
—which is deploring the ruin which the tariff
has brought upon the manufacturers:
A Chapter on the “Vanity of Human
Wishes.”
“He who of old would rend the oak,
Dreamed not of the rebound.”
Among the events which have been talked of
in the city for a day or two, is the failure of Mr.
Simmons, the United States Senator from Rhode
Island. Mr. Simmons was not long since, said
to be worth a handsome estate, which he had a
massed by calico printing, in the course ot a
tew months the accumulations of years have dis
appeared, and he finds himself unable to meet
his engagements. The history’ of this reverse is
instructive, and deserves to be f'ramedand glazed
and hungup in ths bed-chamber ofevery member
of Congress and every manufacturer, where it
can be read every morning.
When the new tarifl was passed, Mr. Sim
mons, then Chairmanoflhe Committee on Man
ufactures in the Senate, was one of the most zeal
ous champions of restriction. Being a manu
facturer, he imagined that his own interest would
be promoted by highjduties, and accordingly he
brought in one of the three billsout of which the
present tariff was finally compounded. Os course
Mr. Simmons took care to see that the calico
printers should be properly protected.—ln fram
ing the law, he and his associate put a duty of
nine cents on every square yard ol printed cali
coes, which amounts to a prohibition. Since
that time, the importation of printed calicoes
from abroad has almost entirely ceased, and
we ar: told by an importing merchant that prob
ably rot fifty "cases of this kindot goods have
been l.i ought|into the country, so completely have
he hign uuties excluded them.
The calico printers in America, Senator Sim
mons and others, being thus left in the entire
monopoly of the market, from which they had
driven the foreign manufacturer, imaginee that
in order to enrich themselves, they had only to
go to work and give the country plenty of print
ed calicoes.—The effect has been precisely what
has always followed the laying of exorbitant
duties; the rival manufacturers have ruined one
another. Too many persons engaged in the bu
siness, and engaged too deeply; invested in it
too much capital, and employed too much labor,
and produced more goods than were wanted.
Large quantities of cotton cloth were purchased
in haste passed under the engraved roller and im
pressed with colored sprigs and flowers, and so
great has been the over production, that in many
instances, they cannot now be sold to pay for
cost of the cloth before it was stamped. Mr.
Simmons has tailed, and we are told all the job
calico-printers of Rhode Island, by which we un
derstand that those who purchase the cotton
cloth they print, have failed with him—fellow
victims of his zeal for protection.
Mr. Simmons and his friends cannot com
plain that they foundered for want of proper
warning. They embarked on an ocean swim
ming with wrecks. The history of our com
mercial tariffs show that every increase of du
ties leads to excessive competition, and stimu
lates the production es the protective articles to
a degree far beyond the demand. Never were
the duties raised without hundreds of manufac
turers being ruined, and their goods sold below
cost. This consequence was pointed out by the
friends of free trade, again and again, in the dis
cussions which ended in passing the new.tariff.
—N. Y. Eve. Post. .
Ot the brutality in thus dragging an individ
ual’s private affairs before the public, we have
nothing to say. But here we have a practical
commentarv upon the logic of the Southern Lo
cofocos! Here we see the truth of their con
clusions, that the poor South has to pay all the
exactions of the odious tarifl I A Northern free
trader, for the purpose of political effect at home,
confesses the lact, that the tariff injures the
manufacturersand benefits the consumer. We
all know that since the passage of the late tariff,
calicoes and many other articles may be pur
chased cheaper than at any former period.—
Here we have a solution from a free trade advo
cate —refering it all to the tariff.
AUGUSTA GA THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 15, 1843.
In this connexion, we ask attention to the fol
lowing elegant and cogent article. The fact is,
:n regard to a tariff, that demagogues may slang-
A-hang it as much as they please, but a tariff' w.
Always have had, and always must have. The
country cannot get along without it. Weshouk
be in a worse condition than when we were
British colonies. Then, if our polls were open
to British goods, British ports were open to oui
jroducts. There was reciprocity. It was no,
jne-sided free trade—by which we were involv
ed in debt and drained of all our specie. It we
bought English fabrics for gold, we sold wheai
<ind tobacco lor gold. That was lair. Bui
.here is no fairness in requiring this country to
admit the products of foreign countries free ol
iuty, while every atticle pioduced here is dili
gently excluded from the markets of the world*
We leave out of view the policy of such con
duct—the temptations to extravagance, which it
holds out to our people, and the certain ruin ami
distress, it must entail upon our country. Ev
ery administration, since the adoption of the
ihe Constitution, has recommended the impor
tance of a protective tariff Gen. Washington
urged it—Mr. Jefferson repeatedly pressed it
upon Congress, as all important to the pros
perity and iNDEPENKENcs of the republic. —
Mr. Madison, Mr. Monroe, J. (1. Adams and
Gen. Jackson all pressed the same views. They
all saw and felt the absolute necessity of a ta
riff to the welfare and prosperity of the country
that free trade would impoverish us,
and Subject us to a galling commercial thral
.fom to Eqglahct ' " ' .
’ Tift trSfi is, fr.trt tto greatest peauniary dufri
tress in this country, has always happened just
at those periods when the tariff of duties had
reached its lowest point The country is still
groaning under the effects of the low duties ol
’4O, Tl and ’42. The immense foreign debt,
yet pressing down the energies of industry, was
contracted at that period.
But the free trade, so much extolled by some,
never can be carried into practical effect in this
country. This was most clearly demonstrated
during the last Congress, Then, when there
was a’ fair opportunity to rcake Ihe experiment,
the loudest deciaimers in favor of free trade in
gloriously shrunk from their principies, Ritch
ie's earnest invocation to Congress not to ad
jsurn without passing a tariff', cannot have been
forgotten. And ii hr., who had shed more ink
in behalf of free taide than would float the
British navy, skulked, «jd begged for a tariff—
whirewill you find the man, who, when brought
to the test, will go for free trade?
The Whig Party and the Tariff;
Messrs. Editors—There seems to exist uioee
ignorance or misapprehension as to the views
and policy of the parties of the day, in relation
lo the subject of a tariff, than any other matter
in the whole range of politics—and I think that
the leaders and journals of the Whig party have
been remiss in not taking more pains to place
the doctrines of our party in relation to a tariff,
in a clearer and more distinct light, in order that
the great mass of the people may readily com
prehend the policy of the different parties in re
lation to the matter.
Now, I find foal a great many people, who
pay little attention to politics, labor under a
gr >ss mistake, as regards the views of the Whig
Party on this subject—arising from the illiber
al and uncandid course ot our opponents, who,
under the pretext of being the peculiar /riends
of the people, mislead and deceive them. You
hear them cry out lustily against the oppressive
ness ofa High Protective and Prohibitory Ta
riff, and then dwell with rapture upon the ad
vantages and beauties of “Free Trade,” and
though that faithful monitor, the Conscience,
prevents some from directly accusing the Whigs
of such a policy, foey leave the inference to be
drawn, and in this way make many believe, that
the Whigs are the only’ people in the world who
go for a tariff at all. They go, for instance, to
the poor man, and ask him if he docs pot wish
to get his sugar, coffee and salt, &c., at as toy
price as possible. O yes —certainly, is the re
ply, of course. Well, then, the Whigs go for
putting a duty of so many cents a pound upon
the one, and so many’ cents upon the bushel of
the other—and you will have to pay as many
more cents a pound, or bushels, as there is duty
put on.—This, gene-ally, foey consider conclu
sive. Now, sirs, this is the ffod of argument
made use ofby our honorable opponents, (by
some at least)— they, of course, don't go fojr a
tariff at all: Our Government can get along
without revenue! Now, should they not, as
—one that wilf raise money enough to defray
the necessary expenses of the General Govern
ment, and that the true and only question is:
In raising this necessary aii.ouiif, shall we dis
criminate between such articles as vc ppp man
ufacture ourselves, and aflbrdan incidental pro
tection, or should we throw Protection and home
manufactures and Mechanics out of view, and
soy a Tariff discriminatingforpurposes of Rev
enue only. I say this is the question between
the two great parties of the Country;—but cour
tesy perhaps, requires that I should say that
there is a very small party, who, in order to tie
singular, go fora horizontal Tariff—but as the
members ot that party are so few, I must be par
doned tor not referring foil again. But,Ono!the
Whigs despite of every thing foey can saytothe
contrary, are accused by the Locofoccs of'being
in favor ofa high prohibitory Tariff! Know
ing, too, that if a Tariff is prohibitory, that we
could not of course derive any Revenue from it.
Now as to the policy, and necessity of affording
a light incidental Protection, we contend, that
as a Nation, the soundest policy requires of us,
even admitting that a Tariff upon our plan,
would increase the price of some few articles a
little—that it would be a momentary sacrifice,
for permanent good. We, as a nation, may be
compared to a man who has just commenced
house keeping on a fertile and productive farm,
withan ample number of hands. He may put
his whole farm in com, wheat, tobacco and cot
ton, and realize large crops—-more than he can
consume by a two thirds. But after making it,
he seeks in vain for a purchaser—he finds that
his labor is of no avail—and, what does he do
why, if a judicious man, he will withdraw a
certain portion of his force from his fields, and
put them to making shoes, &c. &c., for the rest,
and thus be comfortable and independent. Now
if no favor is shown to home industry, by' the
Government, a large number of t lose who are
at present engaged in manufactories will neces
sarily be compelled lo fall back upon our fer
tile Western fields, and instead of being consu
mers, affording ' a home market, they become
competitors of the Farmers. In this state of
things, I would ask, raising more bread stuffs in
one year than we could consume in a half doz
en, where will the American Agriculturist go
for a market ? Europe says to us, in ordinary
years, we can make nearly as much as we want,
and therefore, except in years of extreme scar
city, we wont take your bread stuff in exchange
even for our fabrics. Now if England, or Eu
rope would, in a spirit of liberality’, consent to
exchange surplus products with us, upon the
true principles of Free Trade, we might safely
consent to deal with her without fear of having
the balance of trade, as the merchants call it,
ever against us—or, in plain terms, without for
ever being indebted to her, and having to pay
the sjiecie.
Yes, but, say the advocates of this one-sided
free-trade system, England now buys a large
quantity of tobacco and cotton from us. Admit
it; if with a duty of 70 cents or thereabouts up
on a pound of tobacco, we now sell her this
quantity, what you suppose would be the result
it they were to admit it at fair duties, placing it
within the reach of a large—very large—num
ber of her population, who now hardly know
what tobacco is ? Why, sir, I suppose a mar
ket would at once be found there at prices from
which we could make money, tor trible the
quantity now’ sold in Europe!—And so with
corn, wheat, &c.; take their tariff of 30 cents a
bushel on corn, and we can carry it across the
ocean and sell at a lower price than the farmers,
and make money by it! But we deny that a
tariff’ enhances the price of any article to any
thing like the amount ol duty imposed:—But,
on the contrary, we find by experience that, by
getting up home competition, drawing upon the
natural resources we have, that it in many cases
reduces the price of the article. Take for in
stance the article of cut nails, which, if memory
serves me, we paid England in 1816, before the
tariff of that year, 16 cents a pound, and now you
bring them to your door for 4 and 4j cents, and
pay for them with your corn, &c. which you
cannot do in Europe.—Again: Levy a tariff of
one or two cents per lb. on coffee, and the con
sumer does not pay a half cent more than before;
and why? Because the foreign grower, like the
farmer here, if he cannot sell at one price must
at another, and he falls in order to find a mar
ket. This, Mr. Hunter, the champion of free
trade, ii I mistake not admitted in a speech re
cently delivered in Urbanna, Middlesex county.
The fact is, the manufactures in England pay
more attention to our tariff laws than we do, and
when they find that in order to sell their goods
they have to lessen their profits, they readily’ do
it. In this way, our government realizes" the
duty, and the consumer is not injured !
But, if indeed the consumer should have to
pay rather more, on account of the tariff, he but
pays away with one hand and receives with
tne other —by enabling the mechanic to give him
fair prices for his produce, which he could not
otherwise obtain. But the ultimate results of
this system, in making us an independent peo
ple in every sense of the w’ord—uniting more
closely the varied interests of our country —can-
not be estimated by dollars and cents. But
adopt your one-sided free trade system, and one
after the other our manufactures languish and
die. The villages that were filled with happy
and contented mechanics, a few’ years ago, earn
ing a comfortable support by industry and econ
omy, will be deserted, and instead oi’ the sound
it the loom and the anvil j the cry ol owls am
ats will be heard. Thousands would cursi
lie country- that gave thei.< birth, and held ou<
alse and delusive hopes’ to ihem. Then th<
vigilant eyes of the European manufacturers,
:ver ready to take advantage of the helpless—
Having no competitors, no tariff to break the
bree of the blow—woulddie, shape ol in
ueased prices consequen^^P a i.increased de
nand, reap a rich harvef^^Bw/ ur folly. We
lien call upon the true —toe men whe
uve their country, their Wto' country, to stani
:>vus, and not be ledoffliyxl'e appeals, that de
signing demagogues, may make to their cupidi
y. If our independenceus blood, surely
to maintain it our purses, our money, shouk
freely be spent if it were necessary. We gi :
lor Free Trade whenotbei Rations shall go foi
free trade; but until we caajradg with them on
terms of equality, we mu' 3 - not be condemnec
for preferring to trade wffhzourselves. In con
clusion, Messrs. Editois/I am sure you woul<
be doing the people a terrice, by publishing
statistics and speeches bearing upon the opera
ion of the tariff—and when the whole question
is thoroughly understood I have no fears as to
the verdict. ' L-W L<NCABTERI Q-
From the Nationll Intelligencer. •
Junius Bel vivus.
The Whigs of remember “ Th<
Crisis, by Junius circulated in
1810. and Will be Junius is in
:v ' field purpose
• bring'fngJading.
questions in controversy- between the two great
parties. The first has appealed, entitled “TA-
Test, er Parties tried by their ads." The amount
of information comprised in sixteen pages will
surprise foe reader. It comprehends volumes
of facts, principally deduced from authentic
public documents, evincing g.-eaf and patient re
search. It is generally that kind of informa
tion w hich the people most require to acquaint
them with the difficulties, labor and results of
the 27th(Whig) Congress. The facts will all
be recognised; but, inthe isolated forms in which
the sutou (acts have been presented to the pub
lic, their effect has iiee# slight and evanescent;
but in the manner of their grouping here, they
are overwhelming for the object intended.
It will doubtless be thought a sufficient re
commendation of this new effort of Junius to
say, that the Test is a decided improvement on
the Crisis, ju power of condensation and accu
mulation .of foqughl and fact. In the short
compass of sixteen pagep, pifty-twu chapters
or heads are filled out, of which foe foiloa’ing
are specimens;
AN UNFORESEEN RESULT,
In the constitution of our Government the
Executive occupies a commanding position in
relation to the other branches. It seems never
•o have been anticipated that he could be oppo
sed to the Legislature appointed by the same
constituency, nor would such an event occur if
good faith in these high relations could at all
times be relied on. It is manifest, however,
that an Executive not acting in harmony with
foe Legislative branch of the Government, but
opposing it, .a derangement of the machinery
as to its intended'operation. If is puyey is suf
ficient to paralyze legislation, and to nullify apy
system ot policy aimed to be established by leg
islative functions.
the difficulties of the whig congress.
In the grave of Gen. Harrison was buried the
Whig Administration. Could any one expect
that the effects of many years misrule could be
repaired in thirty days} There was not time to
begin to do it before the adverse winds of Exe
cutive war were blowing strong against the
tide of reibrm, was hatched anti be-
gan to peep and strut abroad, before sos succes
sor of the fallen had been in his seat ten days.
THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE CUR
RENCY QUESTION.
All know that this was the question on which
the country had been wrecked —that it was the
great question; and all know with what patience;
ssjlburiure, and self immolation the Whigs ot
the 27f0 Cqngrpss waded through the extra ses
sion, struggling yylfo though usp|ess
Aideavor .c -:-.L *B.- .
such unexampled pernn-. Giving Up half, or
more than half, and Hying in every possible
way to surmount the doom that was cast in their
tace, once, tioicc vrete t ieir large concessions
baffled by the arbitrary interposition of the veto
ppyver. W hat they could, they attempted; what
they cotijd, they did.
“Who does the best hjs cjrcqnistance allows,
Does well, acts nobly, angels could no more,”
APPROPRIATION OF THE 27tH CONGRESS—GREAT
REDUCTION IN EXPENDITURES.
The appropriations for the six months, be
tween January 1 and June 30, 1843, were SB,-
166,418, and for the fiscal year, ending June 30,
1844, they were 816,332,837.
A COMPARISON.
Compare the appropriations of the 27th Con
gress with the annual expenditures of Mr. Van
jiirefl's Administration, as reported by the
Treasury fJepayfmeiit. July 2, 1841—
Expenditures of 1837 $37 265,037 15
Expenditures of 1838 39,455,438 3b
Expenditures of 1839 37,614,936 16
/Expenditures of 1840 27,249,909 51
Total $140,585,321 16
The annual average of the expenditure of
Mr. Van Buren’s Administration would be
$35,1f0;330 29.
Compare this average with the appropria
tions of Congress for the year ending June 30,
1844, which may fairly be taken as the Jeyel to
which a Whig Congress has brought the ex
penses of Government viz: $16,332,837, which
is less by $2,580,656 19 than half the annual av
erage of the expenses of Mr. Van Buren’s Ad
ministration; or less by $18,813,493 29 than the
entire average; or less by $23,122,601 35 than
the highest annual expenditure ol Mr. Van Bu
ren.
REMARKS.
A result and fact of the kind above demon
strated, needs no comment. It will fall a charm
upon a Government ridden, long abused, and
oppressed nation, and open their eves to the
past and the future. They will see— for it ispro
ved--that the charges brought by the Whigs in
1840 against the then existing and formed Ad
ministration, of profligacy, corruption and prod
igality, are sustained; and that the expenses of
Government for many years were nearly double,
at least one-third greater than what was neces
sary. » » » ♦ »
AN INSTRUCTIVE FACT.
If the estimates of the Executive Depart
ments, as sent into Congresss, had been taken
as the rule of legislation in the appropriations,
we should have been but little, if at all, better off
than before. The 27th Congress thought it
their duty lo cut them down by many millions—
All fois will serve to convince the people how
little sympathy there is in the Executive lor
their burdens, and that they must look to Con
gress, if they have a good one, for retrenchment
and reform. has no interest in
such operations, but the contrary. From that
qnirtcr come all abuses in the way of extrava
gance and corruption. At that very moment,
and all the while that the 27th Congress were
doing this great work lor the people, the Execu
tive and his pensioned press were waging a
fierce and savage war against them and denoun
cing them as the enemies of the people.
We will conclude these extracts with the two
last heads:
WHAT WILL HISTORY RECORD OF THE 271 H
congress.
It will say: That it was begotten of an injur
ed people, in hope of redress; that it was the
most talented ever assembled in the same place;
that the majority of that body were men ot hon
est political design, intent on great reform, so
much demanded; that they were born to this
great endeavor amid shoutings, lived under a
cloud, and died grieving, if not lamented; that
they had more important business coming be
fore them, and did more than any other Con
gress; that what they left undone was not their
fault; that they were placed in a position most
anomalous, and had to contend with difficulties
unparalleled, by the perfidious conduct of the
Chief Magistrate, that they came in alter a set
of men, who, by many years of a ruinous poli
cy and destructive measures, had broken down
the currency, run down the revenue, run down
the people, and run down the country; that they
were required to build all up again in a day;
that they performed miracles for the circum
stances in which they were placed, introduced
bold reform, and effected large retrenchments,
in a Government fora long time not guilty oi
sueh works, but the contrary; that in fidelity of
purpose and vigor of undertaking, they excell
ed all example of the kind; and that they began
a great and good work, achieved much of it, and
put down a stake in American history which
will be looked to and hung to in all future time,
so tong as men may hope for improvement.
THE FUTURE.
In 1840 the instincts ot a nation in deep distress
were roused for self-preservation, and they t*-
umphed. But treason—rank treason, snatched
victory’ from the victors. In 1844 the last great
trial will come, and the weal or woe of this na
tion will then be settled. There is no escape.
We have only to say to a disappointed, suffering,
and half despairing people—
Once more unto the breach dear friends ! Once more !
The whole of the pamphlet is carried out
with the same characteristic condensation am
ower, disclosing volumes of iHfonnation troi
lublic documents, so clearly presented that th
can understand, and so arranged as t
exhibit the true character and bearing of fact
leading to one result; viz. a conviction ot tin
truth and importance of all the statements.
A committee has been formed in the city ol
New York, we are informed, for the expres
purpose ol sustaining these efforts of Junius;
and of disseminating his useful productions.—
A series of tracts of this description, settinf
forth the facts and principles touching the grea.
questions in controversy before the nationyoi a
;ost of tsoo cents apiece, will doubtless be regard
ed as one of the most economical and effectivr
Agencies inthe approachingjxflitiialcampaign.
For the information of those who may be dis.
posed to obtain and circulate this tract widely,
we are requested to mention that it can be hac
of Greely & McElrath, Tribune Buildings,
New York, or of Godey & McMiclffiel, Phila
delphia, at $3 a hundred, or S2O a thousand.—
ft will be seen that by ordering a thmscmd the
cost will be only tin cents for foe fruits of so
much labor.
From the Newark Daily Advertiser.
As there is much speculation just now con
cering commercial “arrangements” and the
practicability of bringing other countries into s
scheme for'mutual benefit, it seems proper, that
we should understand, how things have stood
heretofore: ~ i,. V -r'
The whole importation of 1841 in-
to the TTjrited States was $127,945,000
The whole amount of duties was.... 14,487,000
Being at the rate ot Ilf per cent,
What, on the other hand, is the whole amount
of our products exported to other countries, and
what is the amount of duties which they collect
upon them!
The whole amount of exportations
from the United States in 1841
was $91,000,000
The amount of duties levied on them
was 113,500,000
Being at foe rate of 124 per cent.
The average value of (he tobacco exported in
1839 and 1840 was $9,225,045.
Upon this was levied a tax in Europe of $32,-
453,540 —being a tax of near 300 per cent, upon
the value of the article in this country I
That must be a strong faith which can hope
to accomplish very speedily by “arrangement”
a system of >ajr reciprocity of trade out of such
a state of things as' this. Stift, thjngs are
possible. The most, apparently, irreconcilable
things have been harmonized, and it may be,
possibly, that an international arrangement so
attractive in promise and so fraught with mu
tual bfJPpfjts wjU prove to be practicable. But
it is a “maybe I '—a conjecture—a c||apj;e, for
which we sjioujd be slow to gjye up a present
certain good. The manufacturers pf New Eng
land, we are assured by the Boston Atlas, are
not prepared for the hazard. That paper says:
“ The manufacturers of the North have not aban
doned this great American principle. Whatever
may be the individual opinions of some as to
the expediency of surrendering a part, in the
hope—a delusive hope, we are firmly convinced
—ol obtaining greater permanency, to what is
left, the great body ot our manufacturers sfaftd
whgj-e foey Jiave ever stood. Wf< do jiiJf port
fine qur remarks to the "manufacturers as such:
it is even more true of all engaged in th? me
chanic interests—our hatters, shoemakers, qur
workers in tin. iron, copper, lead, &c.—among
our saddlers —in a word, with all who are inter
ested in the protection of labor in every way.,
“With these, past opinions remain unchan
ged. Nothing has occurred, nothing can occur,
to reconcile them in throwing open our markets
unprotected to the grasping command of rival
foreign nations. Any statement to the contrary,
all foe broad assertions of (he Joqrpal 04 Com
merce, adverse to fois, ate not true. They •<■»¥
find credit with the Southern free-trader, ready
to believe, any thing and everything. But they
are not true, nevertheless. They cannot be sus
tained.
“Upon the great and paramount question of
protection New England stands where she ever
has stood. She wants ns exclusive privileges
—no monopolies—no hot-bed legislation, But
she dons ask lhaf her labor shaft have the fos
tering protection ofGovernmem alike, whether
it be employed in commerce, agriculture, manu
factures, that the fisheries, the mechanic arts,
or elsewhere. She asks lor ample and equal
protection for all. To ihis she has ever adher
ed. This cause she will not now desert, when
experience has now so fully established it as the
true ground.”
“WffW ROGUES FALL OUT ” &C.—W© fijip,
says the Savannah Republican, the following
from the Madisonian of the 2d inst. It is so sel
dom that we find any thing in that print worth
extracting, that we feel justified in making some
thing of a flourish about it. The Globe must
content itself with the fact that it has recently
told some as honest truths about the Madisonian.
But we are keeping our readersfrom the extract:
Profligacy of the Globe.—We neverdoubt
ed that the Globe was Swiss; that it would serve
the master or the patty that would pay best,
Bui we were unprepared tor its open avowal of
this principle. In a leading article of that pa
per published yesterday, it says: “Minorities are
anti-democratic—unpopular— unprofitable— and
that’s enough to convince all who know us that
we are not going for a minority, if we know that
it is a minority." Here is a precious confession
of a principle of action, which a bandit would
blush to avow. The editors have good reason
to know how profitable it is to be with a good
natured majorjty, that would shower upon them
public printing to such an extent as tn eqable
one of them to invest his hundreds of thousands
of dollars in the public stocks. Their rapacity,
like the daughters of the horse leech, cries give,
give—and hence they mean to be with the ma
jority, if they can find where if is.—What must
be their estimate of the intelligence and virtue
of their followers, when they venture upon such
a shameless avowal of their venality?—Madiso
nian.
Impertinent intrusion Meditated.—lt is
stated by the Boston Atlas that at the Anti-Slave
ry Society Convention, holden at the Tabernacle
on Tuesday, it was votedto appoint a commit
tee to wait on President Tyler during his visit
to Boston, and request him to emancipate his
slaves; and the committee was also further in
structed to prepare an address, to be signed by
the members of the Convention, to be delivered
to the President on the same occasion.
The Boston Post says:— “ Geo. Latimer and
Frederick Douglass, formerly slaves, and Len
nox Redmond, a colored citizen of Salem, are
on the committee appointed to wait on Presi
dent Tyler, during his visit to Boston, to request
him to emancipate his slaves.”
Improvements and Discoveries—New In
vention. —The Dahlonega Times, of the 7th
instant, says:—“Our readers will recollect that
some months ago we informed them that Mr.
Williams, of this place, had discovered a new
plan of pulverizing ore, so fine as to obtain more
gold from the sand washed and thrown away at
the mills, than was obtained by the first wash
ing at the mills. But as this was done by hand,
and was slow in its operations, it was uncertain
whether it would benefit the community. We
are now enabled to say that Messrs. Williams
and Nowell have succeeded in attaching a mill,
to the fulling mill at the tan-yard owned by the
Dahlonga Tanning and Leather Manufactur
ing Company, at a cost of about 310, which
will pulverize about fifty bushels of sand a day,
nearly as fine as floui. We look on this inven
tion as the usher of a new era in the vein min
ing business, as it will undoubtedly double the
value of most of the vein mines, as operated un
der the former system of pulverizing. It is well
worth going to see this machinery, which tbr
its simplicity ot contrivance, excels any thing
we ever saw. The sand is made to pass be
tween two cast iron plates perforated with holes,
such as are used oa the washing machine, the
bottom plate is stationary, and the top plate is
made to pass backward and forward horizon
tally on the stationary plate, being slightly press
ed together by the weight of a wooden block. —
And we are at a loss which mostly to admire,
the amount of sand it reduces to powder, or the
simplicity’ of the construction.
Money Matters.—The New York Express
of Monday says—
Eastern capitalists, who have resorted to this
city within a few days past, to procure business
paper, have been entirely unsuccessful. They’
have ever offered their money at 4 per cent per
annum, a reduction in the rate of interest never
before known.
Stocks, it will be seen, have all, or nearly all,
gone down. This was to be expected after the
sudden inflation that had been infused into
Stocks.
MONDAY-MORNING, JUNRIE
Important Decision relative to Book Ac
jbuNTS.-i-It >as decided at the late sitting ol
he Superior Court of Stewart county, Ga., by
ais honor JudgeSlurgis, that? the rule of law
iflowing foe introduction ot baoks of accounts
as evidence in courts ot justice, applied only to
'.he books of merchants, and that‘ physicians,
lawyers, mechanics;.farmers, &c.,.must prove
each and every item of service rendered or arti
cle sold and delivered, by some disinterested
witness, 1
Calhocn in Ohio.—The.Cincinnat* Chroni
cle says that a notice has been issued, signed by
one hundred and fifty persons, calling a public
meeting for foe purpose of inviting Mr. Calhoun
to visit that city. i
Large Capital. —The capital of the Con
necticut School Fund, accortling to the Come
missioned Report is now $2,044,354 97. The
unsold ( lands belonging to the fund, being now
the only means ofificreasingits productive cap
ital, the present amount cannot be materially
augmented. The original capital of the fund*
was-$1,200,000.
J3rSince Judge McLean is no longer avail*
able to the Locos, they seem disposed- to supplv
his place with'Col. R. M. Johnson. - On-several
occasions, recently, we have been asked by
Democrats, if Col. Johnson would not be the
Whig candidate?—the Loeos being determined
not to admit the possibility of Mr. Clay’s being
the candidate under any circumstances. The
Locos, in assigning to us Col. Johnson are rather
more prodigal than is prudent. They may have
great men ip their ranks; but it is very question
able whether they have a mere popular man.
He is indeed the only one of their Presidential
aspirants, who have a stronghold upon the bone
and sinew—Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Buchanan
are sjfo-stqckiug and fipe lipep gentry— Mr.
Calhoun is called by his friends ‘'the Qasl-Jroh"
man—and there is very little more community
of feeling between him and the mass—than if he
were iron. General Cass is a cold, reserved man
and has never committed any of those indiscre
tions’ of the heart—which draw the multitude to
his bosom, and inspire mutual confidence and
sympathy of feeling. Col. Dick is the only one
who has a secret understanding with the hearty
offoe hard fisted Democracy. They may in
the day! of their pride, cast him oft’, as wo: thjess;
but when the hour of trial and difficulty comes,
they will wish they had not been so prodigal of
the goods the Gods had given them.— Richmond
whig.
Jhon Houses.—The of Ffoint Pe
tre with iron houses, as affording the best secu
rity against earthquakes, js said to be seriously
contemplated by the French government.
Latest from Canton.
The ship Natchez arrived at New York on the
sth in the very short passage of 92 days from
Canton. Her advices are seven days later that,
the dates byway of England.
FVqm the (hntpn Itegiytfr Ecb. 28.
Euract jroyq p letter dated Chusan, February
"We have nd qewshere except that the em
peror is in reality again preparing for war,
which is much, however, to be hoped will never
again take place. This news of course we have
from the Chinese, several of whom have had
earnest conversation with Mr. Gutzlaff on the
subject. We are most anxiously expecting tp
hear somewhat further of what you arq dpipg to
the Southward, every body here is Ina state ot
excitement.” ■ "
V’om Canton of the 91st state that ru
mors were rife of an intended attack on the for
eign factories, the home more immediately
threatened being that occupied by Messrs. Mor
ris & Thom, Chinese interpreters. Up to the
22d, every thing however remained quiet.
The Register announces the birth of th,e Grot
British subject on the Island q( Hong Kong.
The Natchez brings a full cago of teas and
silky to Howlaiid A Aspinwall.
The ships Oneida, Swift, and Lowell Pierce,
for thij port, sailed in company with the Nat
chez.
The Belvidere, Lovett, from New York, ar
rived at Macao on the 22d of February.
The ship Hopewell, Engle, for N. York, was
to sail from Whampoa in two days after the
Natchez.
The U. S. ship Constellation, Com. Kearney’
was at Whampuo February 27th.
From the N. O. Picayune of the Uh.
Latest from Texas.
The steamship New York, Capt. Wright, ar
rived last evening from Galveston. She fur
nished us, as usual, with files of Texan papers.
Their contents are politically unimportant.—
The questions of President Houston’s treach
ery, in issuing his proclamation, and of Com
modore Moore’s insubordination in disregarding
his instructions, do not cause such an excite
ment as it was .bought here they would; and the
decision by public opinion, or otherwise, on
both, will depend much on the course of after
events. If the brave Moore conquers the ene
my, and secures peace to his country, he will be
proclaimed a hero; if the fortune of war should
prove adverse to him, he will find few in Texas
we fear to shield him from censure.
The report was current in Washington that
Col. Morgan, the Commissioner under whose
instructions Commodore Moore sailed to the
Mexican coast, had been notified by the War
Department that his services as Naval Com
missioner had been dispensed with.
The Apache Indians are spreading destruc
tion and carrying dismay before them among
the Mexicans along the whole line of the Rio
Grande. They are represented to be 3,000
strong, w’hile the number of Mexican soldiers
upon the frontier is comparatively insignificant.
Capt. Cox, the bearer of the late despatches
from Com. Moore and Col. Moigan, has left
Galveston for Campeachy, taking with him a
number of young men, who go down to take a
part in the exciting scenes now rife on the coast
of Yucatan.
Accounts from the interior represent the pros
pects for crops as highly flattering. Com and
cotton, though it was late before a stand was
procured, are growing with great vigor and pro
mise, urged tbrward by the regular and gentle
rains of the last two months.
The Brazos Farmer denies positively that
President Houston holds, or has held, any cor
respondence with Santa Anna since the latter
was his prisoner in Texas.
A Meteor.—On Saturday evening last, a
meteor of uncommon size and brilliancy, was
seen to pass over our town; its course was from
west to east. After passing across the chief part
ol the heavens, it burst into several fragments
witha noise much louder than that of a cannon.
From the interval which elapsed betyeen the
disappearance and the sound, our inforiaant con
jectures that it was about forty miles distant.—
Columbia fS. C.) Planter 31sf ult.
The same beautiful meteor was observed
here. Those who saw it, say that it appeared
about the size of a man’s head. It proceeded
from a point a little north of the zenith and burst
near the eastern horizon; no noise was observed
to follow its explosion. It must have been at a
a great distance, as we are informed by travel
lers that it was seon, of a similar size and at the
same elevation, 100 miles south-west of this
place.— Washington Neus.
More Cause of Trouble on the Frontier.
It appears from the Montreal papers that the in
cendiarism which was so frequent on Ihe fron
tier during the Canadian troubles two or three
years ago, has been recommenced. During the"
last week one dwelling-house and three bams
in the vicinity of Gdletown were fired the same
night, and apparently at the same time. No doubt
can exist as to the act having been the w»rk
of incendiaries. The aets are charged to citi
zens of the United States, but with what justice
and upon what evidence does not appear.
Typhus Fever.—lt cannot be too widely
known that nitrous acid gas possesses the pro
perty of destroying the contagion of the typhus
fever, and certainly preventing its spread. By
the following simple method, the gas may be
produced at a trifling expense; place a little
saltpetre in a saucer, and pour on it as much oil
of vitriol as will just cover it; a copious dis
charge of acid gas will instantly take place, the
quantity of which may be regulated by lessening
or increasing the quantity of the ingredients.
The “Democrats” of Arkansas held, a State
Convention recently at Columbus. All'the pro
minent Locos in the State were present. Rich
ard M. Johnson was nominated for the Presi
dency, and Col. A. H. Sevier, Wm. Fulton and
Edward Cross appointed delegates to the Loco
foco National Convention. The month of May,
1844, was designated as the time for the meet
ing of the National Convention.—. Vat. Int.
True Philosophy.—The Franklin Demo
crat announces an apothegm worthy of Plato,
in stating that "the more a man works, the less
time he will have to grumble about hard tenes.”
Judlatbus Re&urkff. ■ ***'
Columbus (Ga.) Argud ni'eommentir)
upon the latfe+ftraordinary verdiet of foe j pi
acquitting John L. Lewis, makes the. Ibllowin
very just reinarks which shoaffi be.
read by'eve
ry lover of order:
rfßut it is our opinion fo at the honest and ft?
tcTligent portion of tb% cemmunity are muc,
more culpable forlue escape of “criminals char
, any body els& Many of them express opinion
to ayoid-segwhg upon the jury, and scarcely or»
of foenr who does-not escape it if he can—they
T.Hf and hide from the Sheris’when they sei
him coming to summon talesmen. If such n»ei
will qnt serve upon jnries for the trial of cririn
’nal ca,sos, if they who have so miKh interest ii
the pure admin istratiotffot the criminal justii'
of the country are not willing lo bear thei
share otflhe labor, if they are determined by
disqualifying themselves from serving, or by
evading the service, to leave no body to, mak<
juries out of but such as have but liule intents
in the matter, and those who have no charactei
or principle—nothing more or less can be ex
pected than that those who have money and
friends and influence will escape. Then lei
the reformation commence at the cause of the
evil—it never aids in foe conviction of felone
fbr men to express opinions as to the guilt o>
innocence of the accused, on the’eontrary wher.
suspicion has fallen upon a man, it is most gen
erally unjust either to him or to the coanlry, to
express any opinion as to or his inno
cence, until be has had his trial,”
*»<d ST.vroiTrcn.—.The Boston
Daily anvertiser remarks that tiie present dutiee
on the import of sugars into the United States,
notwithstanding the lavor shown byourtarifl
to the sugar manufactures of Louisiana, are
much lower than are exacted in all the countries
of Europe, viz: 2| cents per pound on brown, 4
cents on white, and 6 cents on refined.
The revenue derived from sugar imported in
to Great Britain in 1840, amounted to about
£4,449,033, in 1841 to #5,M9,189, and in 1842
to £4,884,415. The rate of duty on raw sugar
imported info. Great Britain from the colonies
is 24 shillings per hundred weight, or 5 1-7 j>er
pound, with 5 per cent ad valorem. On refined
sugar the duty is Is 6d per jraund. The duty
on foreign India sugar is 32s per cwt., and on
foreign 63s for raw and clayed. In France the
duty on sugar from the colonies is nearly 4 cts.
per pound tor brown, and 5j cents for clayed; on
foreign sugar—brown, 6| cents, and clayed 7}
cents. Refined sugar is prohibited. In Hol
land the duty on raw sugar is 3y cents per lb.
In the German States, under the Zyllverein, the
duty on sugar for refining is 3j cents per lb.—
In Austria tha dMy on raw sugar far refining is
3 ceuts per po.una, and I hat for sale nearly 6 cts.
The greatest producing country for sugar is
the island of Cuba. Ihe annual amount man
irfapmmd in that island, for export, is about
310,000,000 lbs.; in Porto Rico, 70,000,000 lbs.;
ip Manilla, 60,000,000 lbs.—making the exports
of the Spanish colonies 430,000,000 lbs.; an
amount equal to nearly half that which is ex
ported from all the other countries together.
The exports from the British West Indies, in
1842, were estimated at 248,000,000 lbs.; and
from British Indio and the island of Mauritius
at 160,000,000 lbs.—-jnakfog foe produce cf the
British colonies 4j08,00o;000 lbs. This is less,
by, fyly fo,r sifty millions at'pounds, than the
annual consumption of the United Kingdom,
(he average of which tor the last ten years is es
timated al 440,000,000 lbs., or 16J lbs. for each
inhabitant.
The annual exports from the French colonies
are estimated at 172,000,000 lbs.; of the Dutch
150,000,000; of the Danish 26,000,000; of Bra
zil 140,000,000, and of Siam A Rcaang and Sing
apore, 20,000,000; making an amount annually
exported from all tie producing countries, of
I,mooo,(i(Wlbs.
‘ The quantity of foreign sugar imported into
the United States in 1840, was, brown, 107,955,-
033 lbs., and of white 12,984,552. In 1841, >he
amount itnported was, brown, 165,9(13,083 lbs.;
white 18,283,579. The quantity exported in
1840 was, brown 9,790,704 lbs.; white 9,081,640,
ar.d refined 10,741,648 lbs. In 1841, brown ex
ported, 2,055,567; white 9,755,566; refined 13,-
435,984 lbs.
The produce of the sugar manufacture of
Louisiania, in the year 1839, according to the
returns made by the officers who took the cen
sus of 1840, amounted to 119,947,7201b5. The
quantity of sugar made in the United States,
was returned at 155,110,809 lbs. This is prob
ably’ an over statement. The annual consump
tion of 'sugar in the United States, isabout27o,-
000,000 lbs., or 16 pounds to each person, of
which 7i only are foreign production..
A special Edict—hear and obey!—We are
gavely infoimed, by the last official bulletin
from the seat ot government, that Mr. President
Tyler “has accepted the invitation to be present
at Bunker Hill Celebration, only to gratify the
wishesof his countrymen north of the Potomac.”
At the same time we are graciously informed,
that his Excellency “will be happy to meet the
people, representing every interest of society,
from the most humble to the most exalted.”—
Yet his confiding subjects must not press too
hard upon him with their company, nor be ob
trusive. For this is, we are told, “an official
visitof the President of the United States, which
cannot in propriety, be interrupted by intrusion,
not appropriate to such an occasion.” How
ever, there is no need of alarm, we are kindly
apprised, inasmuch as “the President of the
United States, as such, will be accessible to
every man,” “although in no other capacity
will he receive visitors, appealing to his sympa
thies, or soliciting his mediation.”
Wc trust that after this official notice, the
good people of the country “north of the Poto
mac," will deport themselves in a slylß 01 be
coming respect for the President, who has gra
ciously consented to come among them. The
character of the North is at stake, for obedience,
loyalty and amenability to official orders. May
nothing occur to compromise it, during the
eventful month, upon which we are about en
tering.—A’. Y. Egress.
Mr. Clay at Home.—The Western Chris
tian Advocate, one of the organs of the Meth
odist Episcopal Church, is published weekly in
C incinnati. Its editor has recently visited Ken
tucky, and fro n an interesting account of his
journey, we extract the following, to us, very in
teresting paragraph concerning the great man
of the nation and his household:
A person who sees so many newspapers as an
editor’s exchange list furnishes could scarcely
visit Lexington without making som« inquiry
concerning Ashland and its proprietor. It hap
pened that the well tried friend, brother Bascom,
was the long and intimate friend of Mr. Clay.
Their acquaintance was formed when the
former travelled Danville circuit in 1816, who
by his powerful eloquence, cogent reasoning
and overwhelming Scripture authorities gave
a death-blow to the rile Arianism ol that
country, which threatened to overrun Kentucky.
Our kind host conveyed us to Ashland; but
the proprietor was not al home. On hearing how
ever of our visit, we received a most cordial invi
tation to dine at Ashland, of which we aviled our
selves, and spent three full hours in very pleas
ant chat with our Kind entertainer, and three
more agreeable hours we never spent in all our
life.
Mr. Clay is sixty five years of age, but might
pass for fifty, and will in all probability, be well
capable for public business till four-score pass
over his head, if God spare him that long. His
manners are as plain and republican as they are
gentlemanly and unaffected.—The moral princi
ple, producing honesty and conscious fidelity io
his trust, seemed to us to have taken deep pos
session of his mind, and we believe governs bis
heart. He is now closely engaged in his duties
as a lawyer, and does not forget his farm, which
is in admirable order. His house is plain indeed
and his improvements around it, consisting of
grass lawns, and rows of shade trees planted by
his own hands, are in good taste, and in complete
keeping with his republican principles and man
ners of life. And then Mrs. Clay is more than a
pattern,—she is an exact model for all the ladies
in the land. She minutely superintends all her
household affairs. Her little green house and
collection of flowers and shrubs, are most tasty
and well selected. But her butter—yes, her but
ter (for we eat some of it) is superior. From
her own dairy conducted under her eye, she sup
plies the principal hotels of Lexington; and it is
no small glory to her, that her son Thomas
showed, the other day, the suit which his mother
purchased for him with the avails ol her butter.
Whether her first name be Lucretia or not, we
cannot say; but then we are sure she deserves it.
The topics of conversation were, moral, relig
ious, and miscellaneous subjects; and we were
glad to learn to our satisfaction,that Mr. Clay is
a firm believer in the Christian religion—that he
read his bible, and attended with his excellent
ladvand family the Protestant Episcopal Church
in Lexington, and frequently heard ministers oi
other Churches.
A Very Small Matter—The Norfolk Her
ald says;
The quidnuncs were on the ouivivclhe other
day to know what had happened to require a spe
cial messenger lo be despatched forCaptain Ty
ler to leave his farm and return to Washington.
It turns out it was not a Messenger but only an
ojice-seeker. And the poor fellow had to return
with a flea in his ear. He came down in the
last Richmond boat, indulging,in bitter com
plaints against the Captain, who, so far from
receiving him with the warmthofVirginiahos
pitality, did not treat him with common polite
ness—did not invite him to hi» table nor even
tender him the freedom of his kitchen.
VOL VU.-N0.24.'
Late frbm Florida.
The steamers Gen. Taylor, Capl. Peck, and
■le CincinnatL Captain Smith, arrived from
'lorida yesterday. We have received by.lhese
rrivals the St. Augustine HeraM- of Monday
ist, and the subjoined correspondence from our
riends ol the News office, St. Augustine.
, The Herald has the following-, in relation to
•he report of the recent murder in the territory:
‘A rumor is in circulation that a lady residing
lear Newnansville was murdered by Indians, a
ew days since. We hive no authority but
licre rumor for this story ; it may be that some
•idlencc has been committed upon some persons
>y some body in that neighborhood; but a rnur-
Jer by Indians now-a-days is a circumstance so
romantic, that we cannot bring ourselves to be
ieve that there is a word of truth in it It is
eported that there are several runaway negroes
n that vicinity, and it is reasonable to suppose,
fany violence has been committed they are the
luthors. It is not at all likely that Indians will
.eave the Everglades and travel 300 miles; at
least to murder a defenceless woman in a com
paratively thick settled neighborhood, and at
mid-day too. The thing is absurd. ’The story
•we hope may turn out something like the
>f the "three black crows," which after all was
something's black as a crow.
Correspondence qf the Republican.
- News Office, )
St. Augustine, June 6. 1843. J
We received 6 letter from onr Jacksonville
correspondent on Saturday last, giving the par
ticulars of the attack on the house of Mr. G,
Hague, disiakit six riffles from
by negroes or Indians. On Monday the 29th
ult., news reached Newaansville, by two per
sons direct from the scene, that Mrs. Hague
was murdered by Indians, and from 20 to 26
men armed themselves, mounted and started in
pursuit going by the residence of Gideon Hague.
On their way, they met the family of Reuben
Hague, consisting of his wife and four children.
They lived some four hundred yards from the
former, and had been driven from their house
and pursued, until secreting themselves in a.
hammock, they eluded the Indians or negroes.
Upon reaching the scene of outrage, the par
ty were rejoiced to find that Mrs. Gideon Hague
had so far recovered, as to be able to place her
self upon a bed. She was wounded on the back
part of her head; two wounds being evidently
inflicted with a tomahawk, and some eight or
ten others, with a knife. The scull is supposed
not to bo seriously fractured, but the fleshy part
of her head is dreadfully lasceraled, and her ul
timate recovery rendered uncertain. The attack
was made about 1 o’clock in the day, in Ihe ab
sence of Mr. Hague A negro girl as about 12
or 13 years of age, who gave the alarm to her
mistress, that Indians were approaching, and
and was told by her mistress to make her es
cape with an infant child, Mrs. Hague being
in a feeble state of health, was immediately
overtaken, and is unconscious of any occurrence
until h« recovery’. Some two or three tracks
ohly were discovered, and the ground befog
hard, pursuit was hopeless. Mrs. Gideon
Hague can tell nothing about those who made
the attack upon her, and Mrs. Reuben Hague,
though the same persons were in pursuit of her,
was so confused that she does not know with
certainty that they were Indians. The negro
states that there were three Indians, with large
packs on their backs, with bright tomahawks,
but no guns.
The people of Newnansville are under the
impression that this act was committed by ne
groes and not Indians, as there are several run
away negroes in that vicinity. The circum
stance that they had no guns, goes far to confirm,
this impression.
Ahmed Occupation Law. —There has been
over six hundred and thirty-six Permits issued
to settlers in this territory, f rom the Land offices
at Newnansville and this place, under the Arm
ed Occupation Law. The law expires on the
4th of August next, and all persons wishing to
avail themselves ot this liberal donation ot the
Government, had better hasten forward, and
make their locations previous to that date.
Emigrants.—A party of eight emigrants from
Newark, New Jersey, arrived at Indian River
on the 25th ult. in the schr. Mary Clark, from
New York. They landed in safety, and imme
diately proceeded down the river six or eight
miles from Fort Pierce, where they purpose
settling.
Wreck.— About 20 miles south of Indian ri
ver bar, a portion of the stem of a lauge vessel
was found a short time since on the beach, to
gether with several plank and some spars, all
badly charred by fire. The carved work in part
was entire, consisting of a half size Indian fig
ure occupying its centre, to the left of which
was a deer, standing upright, a tree from which
was susfiended a quiver and three birds, a wig
wam, canoe reversed, paddle, tomahawk, spear,
bow rnd arrow. The dress of the figure was
red and gold; the ground work of the orna
ments white and gilded. This piece of limber
was about fifteen feet in length, and burnt thro’
in several places. The carved work of the bil
let head was also found, consisting of leaves, in
the centre of which was an eagle ready to take
wing. This description may probably lead to
an identity ol the vessel and herjrobable fate.
From the Savannah Republican.
Democratic Nominations.
If an astronomer, whose tables are calcula
ted according to the present position of the hea
venly bodies, were to look out some night and
see the zodiacal signs all interchanged—it an Es
quimaux Indian were in January to find himself
melting down by tropical heal, or if a faithful
subject of the Imaum of Muscat should sud
denly find himself alongside of a polar bear,
amid polar snows, he and they would not, could
not be more confounded, than are the people ot
this State at the trumpet note, which brays out
on a hitherto untainted Union breeze, the names
of John C. Calhoun and Mark A. Cooper as
Democratic nominees. The stars are fixed—all
that do not partake of earth’s varying move
ments. Man changes, almost literally in the
twinkling of an eye. Time was when it took
years for a man to get accustomed to violent ex
tremes of temperature, when opinion was pro
gressive,‘not of instantaneous conception and
birth, when a deliberate and solemn change ot
conviction on public measures affecting the in
tegrity ot a Republic was the work of a quarter
or hall of a century. The Democracy, how
ever, have shown themselves equal to any
change, even one of which the periodical time
is three years, viz: from 1840 to 1843. How
will those in Savannah and elsewhere, who, in
1832-33, paraded the streets with drums and
much tempestuous declamation, when Mr. Cal
houn was branded as a traitorous Nullifier, re
ceive this nomination? Are those times forgot
ten, when the Lion of the Hermitage growled
so terribly, and menaced Messrs. Calhoun,
Hayne and Hamilton, not with avenging thun
derbolts, but with a haltar? Are those times
forgotten? No! and they never will be so long
as the infirmities ol men are a theme for orators
and poets. How with the other nominee, Mr.
Cooper? Had the Democracy no man of origi
nal Democratic marrow, that they could select?
Must our deserters serve as their leaders? Ve
rily, there is one U. S. Senaior, and now a mem
ber of Congress is offered the Gubernatorial
Chair, who separated from us at first on the sole
ground of the thrice condemned Sub-Treasury.
That was at first the only point of difference be
tween the State Rights party and them, but with
this sole difference they were at once assimilat
ed to the Democracy!
We congratulate our opponents on the acqui
sitions. If neither Mr. Warner nor Mr. An
drews (names certainly not well known to fame
as yet,) were deemed worthy of gubernatorial
honors, we certainly ought not to wish to de
prive them of a man from our ranks, se long as
we have such men as Clinch, Gamble, Dau son,
Jenkins, Crawford and others left. Let them
have Mr. Cooper, but they will not march un
der State Rights banners. Let them have Mr.
Calhoun, but if they have any consistency left,
let them strike the Union flag and run up the
Nullification ensign. Let them at least, since
rhpv are willing to abide the issue, come out
Sv down with the Union Jack and sail un
der Mr Calhoun’s flag, not a thread ot whose
eanva; s is tether changed in color or tattared.—
Let them acknowledge that the future leader of
a hard working, hard handed democracy of la
borers, is the very prince and head of the Caro
lina aristocracy, the proudest oligarchy that
walks the earth this side the Atlantic—an oli
garchy for whom the arts and trades must lan
guish'in order that free trade may be in the as
cendant, whose clothes must be made in Lon
don, boots in Paris, and whose steam engines
must be made and repaired by Bolton & Watt
or their legal successors. We give to our op
ponents, to the high protective partv of 1832,
joy of their free trade candidates. Wc give to
the Union party of 1832-40, joy of their nullifi
cation candidates. We give to the Bentonian
cession and the Calhoun graduation party of
1839 joy of their anti-distribution Candidates,
to the V. S. Bank men of 1816, joy of their anti
bunk candidates. That they have treated the
original Democracy of 1828 most shabbily is
true, but that is their own matter.
Indelible Ink for Linen, <cc—Put half a
drachtn of Iftnat caustic, • (nitrate of.«ilver,)
into a small vial of water.add a piece of Gum
Arabic of the size of a pea, and a little of the
paint called sap green, to make it more legible
while writing. When the whole is dissolved,
it is fit for use. The part of foe cloth to lie
written on must be previously wet with a mix
ture of a small quantity of saleratus and gum
Arabic, dissolved in water, and pressed smooth
with a hot iron. Tht writing should be expos
ed to the sun, which will cau*« it to dry darkar
than in the shade.