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OLD SERIES, VOL. LVII.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY,
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for $5.
Tri- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city. •
Chronicle anD Sentinel.
AUGUSTA.
FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 21.
Franklin College.
We learn that the Hon. F. W. Pickens, of
South Carolina, has accepted the appointment
to deliver an oration before the two Literary
Societies of this institution, at Commencement,
on Wednesday the 2d day of August.
Prospects.
tieman inWe interior, attests the spirit wnteh
animates middle and western Georgia. —Will
the Whigs of the Eastern section of the State be
found wanting in their duty to themselves and
the State, in this important struggle ? We trust
not, though we confess we see little of that spi
rit exhibited which distinguished former con
tests.
“The Whigs in Western Georgia are moving
offin fine style. They are bringingtheir strong
est men into the field. In middle Georgia we
will follow example. We hope the East
ern and Northern parts of the State will stand
firm and present an undivided front.”
For the Chronicle <f- Sentinel.
Direct Taxation.
The Constitutionalist is properly considered
one of the indices of the Democratic party in
Georgia. It frequently prepares the public
mind for the reception of the decrees oi the lead
ers of that party, which the rank and file are to
carry out in convention, at the ballot box, or in
the Legislature. In the last number of that pa
per, we find the following, upon the subject of
direct taxation, for the support of the General
Govei nment:
“A few years ago, we were almost alone the
supporters of the system: at present there are
hundreds, and we might say, thousands of the
most intelligent among our citizens, who are
enlisted in defending it.”
Straws shew the direction of the wind. The
venerable editor would not be so candid it he did
not expect to be sustained by his party, —and it
may safely be set down that the Democratic
party are, or will be, in favor of direct taxation.
W.
Another Great Trot.—On Wednesday the
12th inst., a trotting and pacing match came off
over the Beacon Course, near Hoboken, N. J.,
between Lady Suffolk, Beppoand Oneida Chief.
Distance, mile heats—best three in five—purse
S2OO. The first two tiotted under the saddle;
Oneida Chief paced in harness. Lady Suffolk
took the purse in three straight miles, making
the quickest time upon record—first mile in
2,26}; second in 2,27; third in 2,27. The course
was thronged with the gentry of the turf and
betting was free, though light.
Jj’The second track upon the Boston and
Worcester Railroad was completed last week
through fts entire length.
A Veteran.—The Journal of Commerce
speaks of a horse’ driven into Wall street every
day, which though forty-two years old, is as
surefooted, sprightly and playful as a colt.
J2F The war steamer going up at the Phila
delphia Navy Yard, on Captain Stockton’s plan,
will soon be read}' for launching.
Nauvoo.—The Baltimore American says—
A gentleman who left the Mormon city of Nau
voo a few days since, iniorms the editor of the
Cincinnati Chronicle that of the 15,000 persons
who make up the population of Nauvoo, about
one third are of various religious denomina
tions The arrest of their leader, Joe Smith,
had caused great excitement, and he confirms
the previous statement that two parties of anned
Mormons had left the city for the rescue of
Smith while on his way to Springfield, Illinois.
He adds that all the gunpowder at Nauvoo had
been made into ball cartridges, and even the
women have been actively engaged in casting
balls, and making cartridges.
"Change or Current. —Among the arrivals
at Buffalo this week, says the Journal of Com
merce, was an invoice of eleven tons of soap
manufactured at Lafayette, Indiana, on its way
to the East. Soap must, therefore, be added to
the list of articles which are no longer to be ex
ported to the West, but imported from it. The
last five years seem to have created so many
great counter currents in the West, that it is dif
ficult to say what interest at the East may not
be undermined. —We hope they will not find
materials in their pigs out of which to make
newspapers for the Eastern markets.
Jj-The U. S. steamer Missouri, it is said,
will sail from Washington for the Mediterrane
an in about a fortn’ght, carrying out Mr. Cush
ing, Ambassador to China.
The Portland Advertiser gives an account
of a tremendous hail storm whi;h visited that
place on Saturday last. It is supposed that from
15,000 to 20,000 panes of glass were btoken-
Much damage was also done to the hay crop
and young fruit.
The schooner Independence, oi Frankfort 1
Maine, on the sth instant, on her passage from
Boston to that port, was wrecked on Pumpkin
Rock. Capt. Arey, an old and respectable ship
master, was drowned, and also one of his crew
A Mr. Harvey, of Frankfort, remained upon
the rock two days, when he made a raft of some
deck plank, and succeeded in reaching an i 1-
and where he obtained assistance and returned
home.
Another American Invention going to
Russia.—Mr. Burden, of the Troy Iron and
Nail Works, a few days since, made a contract
with the agent of the Russian Government, to
provide that government with one of their patent
spike machines.
A Hard Hit. The last number of Kendall’s
Expositor, speaking of certain attacks made on
the editor, by the New Orleans Morning Her
ald, says:
“It is a little curious, that at the very moment
we are attacked from that quarter, the friends of
Mr. Calhoun in Louisiana are attempting to
satisfy the Sugar planters there, that Mr. Cal
houn is in favor of incidental protection of
Sugar.”
The Petersburg Intelligencer says:—Mr. Cal
houn’s friends will find it hard to get rid of that
siocet letter of their favorite, which discourses so
sweetly of the writer’s sweet feelings, in regard
to that sweet interest. That letter “piledon the
saccharine a little too mountainous” to be con
sistent with the writer’s horror of “incidental
protection-”
53>W e see it stated that Dr. Jones, the inven
torof the ingenious machine tor sweeping streets
—a notice of which was published not long since
—has invented an irrigating engine, or watering
machine. One of these engines, drawn by two
horses, is estimated to be capable of sprinkling
or watering a space of 60 to 70 feet in width,
and a mile in length in about an hour
What is a Democrat.
The Madisonian puts a question which is in
’ tended to go to the root of political matters. I.
asks “ What is a Democrat?’ The official jour-
I nal is no doubt anxious to know—but who is id
I answer the question?
Democracy hath various tests,diverse badges
and marks, whereof some may be orthodox to
' kens at one time and some at another time.—
The great thing is to have the right mark and a.
the right time. If any one should claim to be a
democrat now because he was a democrat in
former times, he might find himselt rejected like
one who should seek to enter a camp with yes
terday’s countersign.
It is an unquestionable comfort to the Democ
racy to have some one who knows belter than
others what democracy is and what it was—who
can direct its changes and give a proper sanction
to its movements. Thus when Gen. Jackson
was in power no one need be in doubt concern
ing the true faith and practice. Il would have
been a superfluous question to ask then, ‘What
is a democrat ?’ Every bulletin from heat,
quarters, the announcements of the official or
gan, the acts of the executive, were all so many
successive expositions of democracy which the
plainest understanding could comprehend.
But in these days much confusion prevails.
Rival expounders have arisen, and one knows
not which to credit. “What is a Democrat?”
Does any one know? The Madisonian labours
painfully to discover some clue to the. rnomen
lus inquiry'. It proceeds in the Socratic manner
thus:
“Is Mr. Van Buren a Democrat ? If those
who voted for Mr. Madison are Democrats, and
those against him Federalists, then Mr. Van
Buren, having voted against Mr. Madison, is no
Domocrat. *
c Democrat.? He opposed
Ge^Srtl^«sn'S ; aai«ri«nsuafW aniTvoled’'a
gainst Mr. Van Baren as Minister to England.
According to this test, he is no Democrat.
And so on through the whole category; and,
at this rate, we have scarcely a Democrat in the
land.”
The subject rises in solemnity. This is real
ly becoming an important matter. What is a
Democrat? Can no one tell? If the Madison
ian’s conclusion be right—and it is the official
organ, we know—if “we have scarcely a Demo
cratin the land” it is high time the thing were
known. If there be any test let it be brought
forward. Let all pretenders be tried; let their
claimsbe investigated. But who shall judge oi
the The subject is full of difficulties.
Perhaps it may be found that Democracy, like
other productions, varies according to latitude
and situation; and as circumstances alter cases
they may have power to some extent over De
mocracy also. For instance, the New Hamp
shire Convention recently gave its understand
ing of Democracy, Whicn would hardly do for
South Carolina. Even in New Hampshire it
self Isaac Hill has one sort ol Democracy and
Gov. Hubbard another.
The Democracy of the Albany Argus, which
favors incidental protection io American manu
factures, is utterly abhorrent to that of the
Charleston Mercury, which favors protection to
nothing but cotton —and, in a secondary degree,
to sugar, on account ot some “identity of inter
est.” Pennsylvania Democracy recognizes pro
tection to the iron and coal interest as a true de
mocratic principle, while Democracy in Virginia
holds to the resolutions of ’9B, and thinks as a
general thing, that the National Government
should be allowed to do as little as possible in
making a Tariff' or any thing else.
The question, then, what is a Democrat? is too
general and vague. There are many kinds of
democrats —or at least many varieties which
pass under the genuine name. The Calhoun
democrat is a very different personage from the
Van Buren democrat; and the Tyler democrat
is different from both. The Madisonian, if it
pursues its "investigations into this abstruse sub
ject, will find too many divisions and sub-divi
sions to be included in one chapter.— Baltimore
American.
From the Albany Evening Journal—fShO.
Mr. Van Buren and the War.
If Mr. Van Buren would condescend to speak
frankly in his electioneering epistles, and an
swer in plain English the questions asked him,
it would save his triends an immense deal of la
bor and lying.
As long as the first of June last, Mr. C.
G. Griswold, of Virginia, wrote to the Presi
dent, and informed him that—
“ln the course of the late canvass in this State, [Vir
ginia] 1 charged, as an objection to you, that you had
been opposed to Mr. Madison and lhe war until after
November. 1812; and, as an evidence of it. stated that
I had heard you, during the summer of 1812, in conver
sation with other persons, express your decided oppo
sition to Mr. Madison and the war.
“In 1812, I, then a boy, was boarding in Kingston,
Ulster county, New York, and going to school at the
Academy under the charge of the Rev. J. Munsell.—
During the summer, (and I think two or three times)
you visited Kingston, and while there conversed free
ly upon the subject of national politics. In some of
these conversations, one of which, if 1 mistake not, was
held with Jesse Buel, then the editor of a newspaper
published in Kingston, called lhe ‘Plebeian,’ you spoke
in decided terms ot opposition to Mr. Madison and the
war, as 1 then understood you ; and lhe recollection re
mains with me as distinctly as that of any other occur
rence after so great a lapse of time.
‘•Upon this recollection. 1 have said what I have said.
If my memory has deceived me, or if 1 misunderstood
your language, and have done you injustice, I shall
teike great pleasure in correcting the erior so soon as
apprized oi it. For, although as decidedly opposed to
you, politically, as any man can be, 1 have never been
willing to use any other than fair and honest means
against you. If 1 understood you aright, and my recol
lection is correct, then it is but simple justice to me
that you should place in my power lhe means ofde.cn
ing my reputation.”
A call so frankly and unreservediv made up
on the President, to do himsell and others jus
tice in reletence to facts within his own person
alknowledge, would have elicited from any ho-'
norable man a plain and prompt reply. From
Mr. Van Buren, however, nothing of the kind
could be drawn. It did not suit his republican
taste and uniform mode of disclosing his con
duct and opinions to meet these inquiries with
an open and direct response. Instead of reply
ing to Mr. Griswold’s letter, he suffers two
months to elapse, and then, under the questiona
ble pretence of having accidentally mislaid it,
he addresses a note to Mr. Hunter, through
whom he had received Mr. G.’s letter, and de
clares that he does not think it proper to enter
into any correspondence with him upon the sub
ect! In his letter to Mr. Hunter, the publica
tion of which was probably not contemplated at
the time, alter alleging that all imputations
which attribute to him sentiments unfriendly to
the war are unfounded, he says:
“That I supported electors favorable to Mr Clinton,
has never been denied. The circum.-tances under which
that support was given, and the considerations which
led to it, have been unreservedly, repeatedly, and au
thoritatively spread before the people by my friends. I
am, at the same time, for reasons which it is unneces
sary to detail, as confident as one can be in such a mat
ter, that Mr. Griswold is mistaken in the impressions
he describes of a supposed conversation upon that sub
ject at Kingston.”
We hope this passage from Mr. Van Buren’s
letter to Mr. Hurter, will silei.ee the denials
that many of the supporters of the former are
continually reiterating, that he did not oppose
the re election of James Madison in 1812, and
vote lor Mr. Clinton, the opposing candidate.—
And we ask the public to mark the studied eva
sion to disclose the “circumstances unuer which
that support was given, and the considerations
which led to it.” He refers to declarations
touching these points “spread before the public
by his friends.” W hen, where, by what friends ?
The statements made by his iriends are of all
possible complexions, and contradict each oth
er. Which is the true one ? Which has the
sanction of authority ? Some say he supported
Mr. Clinton only to betray and ruin him I Oth
ers, because he believed that James Madison
was not competent to carry on the war with suf
ficient energy and vigor 1
“For reasons that it is unnecessary to detail,”
Mr. Van Buren “is as confident as one can be
in such a matter,” that Mr. Griswold is mistak
en in the impressions he describes of the conver
sation at Kingston. Cannot an honest man and
a consistent politician be confident whether he
ever spoke “in terms ol decided opposition to
Mr. Madison and the war?” What reasons
are those that it is unnecessary to detail, which
seem to obscure the President’s recollection?
We need no other proof than the President’s
equivocation in the passage we have above quo
ted from his letter, to confirm all we have ever
stated relative to the part he played in the Pres
idential campaign of 1812 —a part as perfidious
then as his policy is now.
The Time When.—The Boston Atlas, after
noticing the situation of affairs in the Tyler
ranks —rank enough, certainly—thus remarks:
“If any’ of them can make any thing out oi
Tyler for the time being we have not the least
objection. It Messrs Nelson and Henshaw can
succeed in keeping the weak, vain, and vision
ary man, who is now their master, in good tem
per, until the 3d of March, 18-15, they may hold
their offices until that day, inclusive. On the
day which will succeed that day, Henry Clay,
bf Kentucky, will take his seat in the Pres'i
tial Chair—the high public stations of the Gov
ernment will be cleared of the incompetent and
unsuitable characters who now fill them—the
best talent, and the highest integrity of the na ;
tion will be called to the administration of its
government, and the country will be put back
into that high road of hono-, of prosperity and
happiness, from which she has so long been
kept estranged, by the efforts of weak, vain,
false and wicked politicians.”
Mail Robbery.—The Eastern mail from
Erie of the 21st May, containing newspapers,
&c. besides about four hundred letter-, was re
cently found, not tar from East Evans Post Of
fice, on a farm. The bag had been cut, and the
letters all opened and rifled of their contents
The Post Master at Buffalo has taken charge
ot the mail thus found, and directed its contents
to the respective persons for whom intended,
Reciprocity Exemplified.
The Richmond Whig says—During the lati
session of Congress, the Secretary of the Trea
■ury caused to be compiled, under a resolution
if one of the Houses, a view of the compara
tive Tariffs of all countries. The work was
skilfully and laboriously done, from materials
oy no means easy to collect, chiefly by that wor
thy and dilligent person, Jonathan Elliott, the
author of the “Diplomatic Code” and the col
lection of “Debates on the adoption of the Fed
eral Constitution.” The following paragraph
cut from a distant paper, may be said to ex
press the results of this comparison of duties:
“In 1841, lhe whole importation into the U.
States wa55127,945,000. The whole amount of
iu y on this was $14,487,000, or 11} percent.
The whole amount of our exports during the
same time, was $91,000,000 —the amount of du
ties levied on these by foreign powers, was
$113,500,000, or at the average rate of 124 per
cent. This is the free trade—this the reciprocity
we now enjoy from the rest of the world.”
This, then, is the equality, the fairness, the
freedom of Commerce with other lands that our
adversaries have struggled for; and this in the
midst of pressing financial necessities—not in
that overflow of the Treasury, under which, in
1828 and 1832, these same men supported yet
heavier rates of impost.
Since the year 1841, additional duties have
been laid. This, however, but little varies the
controversy. Our opponents declare that the
additional rates will produce only a diminished
income; for that such is always the result in
trade. Such was hardly their opinion when
they voted the “Tarifl of Abominations.” There
are surely new discoveries in trade, since Mr.
Calhoun, in 1816, declared that “the encour
agement of domestic manufactures by a Tariff
was the essentia! policy of the country;” or
since' ne answered orfe’oK'tbe arguiifemS new
relied upon, in the following words:
“But it will no doubt be said, if they (the
manufacturers) are so far established, and it
the situation of the country is favorable to their
growth, where is the necessity of affording them
protection ? Il is to put them beyond contingency.
Mr. Calhoun, it must be remembered, “never
has changed.” That is a favorite dogma with
him. •
A Fact for the People.—The U. S. con
sumes more British manufactures than anyother
nation, Great Britain alone excepted. By a re
cent report of a committee to the British Parlia
m nt it seems that the value of British manu
factures consumed by various nationsis as fol
lows:
Prussia, 7 cents to each person.
Russia, 15 “ “
Norway, 17 “ “
France, 20 “ “
U. States, 402 “
The above from the Montpelier Watchman
shows our dependence upon England, and for
those articles, too, which we can manufacture
as well and as cheap as any other people. She
yearly draws over $68,000,000 from us, which
ought to remain at home, supplying a currency
for the people and supporting cur own manufac
tures. Yet the advocates of Free Trade would
repeal the Tariff, the only protection of our
manufactures, and permit England to flood our
markets with her goods to the exclusion ol our
own.
The friends of domestic Industry would do
well to look in season to the movements of poli
ticians in reference to this matter. Mr. Cal
houn, we need scarcely say, is out and out op
posed to lhe Tariff. Concerning Mr. Van Bu
ren, the other prominent candidate lor the suf
frages of his party, we invite the reader’s close
attention to the following remarks taken from
the latest exposition of his views in relation
to the Tariff in his 1.-tter to the Indiana Com
mittee :
“To all present appearances the acquiescence
in a tarifl’lor revenue, now so general, may, in
the absence of special excilem nt, endure tor a
period as long as is commonly embraced ih cal
culations of business. Itcamiot, however, have
escaped the attention of the manufacturers, that
although no State or district of country may yet
have taken ground against this mode of raising
revenue tor the support of Government, there are
not wanting thousands of vigorous intellects, in
every section of Our extended. country, who, pene
trated by a deep sense of the inequaliiy and conse
quent injustice of its op ration, are a plying all the
energies of their minds to the overthrow of the sys
tem itself. — They cannot be ignorant, either of
the fact, that a prejudice against direct taxa
tion, springing in some degree at least, from a
supposed abuse of power in time past, may yield
to lime and reflection, or may be supplanted by
a new and stronger antipathy.”
Mark the expressive language: “there are not
wanting thousands of vigorous intellects”—
where? why "in every section of our extensive
country"—to do what? to “overthrow the sys
tem” of all import duties, by “applying all the
energies of their minds” to the great work, being
justly incited thereto, Mr Van Buren assures
us, "by a deep sense of the inequaliiy and conse
quent injustice of its operation.” If this is not
attacking the whole “system” of a “Tariff for
revenue only” which is now barely tolerated—
“acquiesced in” as Mr. V. B. has it, we should
like to be informed what constitutes an attack
upon any “system” whatever?
From the Washington News.
JJWe have been furnished with the follow
ing extract of a letter received by a citizen of
this town. The gentleman who wrote it is well
known here, and his character warrants us in
giving to our readers as correct, the melancholy
intelligence he communicates. The letter is
dated
Columbus, Ga. July 12,1843.
I believe I have room to give you the particu
lars of one of the most shocking murders 1 have
ever heard of, committed in Barber County,
Alabama, a few days ago. A Mrs. Gachett
(pronounced Gasha) and her two daughters were
visited on the day of the murder by a Mr. Brown
and his wife—they took dinner and remained
until late in the evening with the old lady and
her daughters. When they w’ere about leaving,
tuey insisted that the old lady should go home
with them and spend the night; she refused,
giving as a reason that her daughters would re
left alone, and faitherthat all the money she
had was in her house. They however contin
ued to urge her until she consented to accom
pany them to remain the night. Shortly after
iei departure, a sick and weary traveller rode
up and begged permission to stay the night.—
The two ladies said they were alone and he
could not stop. He said he doubted whether he
could ride to the next house, and presuming
they were airaid of him, he told them if they
would consent to let him remain, he would take
his room and suffer them to keep the key. At
this proposition they consented, and the traveller
soon went to his room. Some time during the
night he was awoke by a noise in the other
room, there being but two in the house. Con
tinuing to hear some one moving about, he got
up, went softly to the doorand discovered a man
ata bureau examining the drawers. He hailed
the individual, who instantly drew a knife, and
made at the traveller, who, as he approached,
shot him dead at his feet. The pistol alarmed
the negroes, and when they came up they went
into the ladies’ room and found both of them ly
ing in their beds, with their thoats cut, and dead!
The traveller, on enquiring for their mistress,
was taken to Brown’s house. On meeting the
old lady he told her some one had murdered her
daughters and that he had shotthe villain. Mrs.
Brown exclaimed “you have killed my hus
band” and so it turned out; the very person who
had spent the day’ with Mrs. Gachett had mur
dered her daughters 1 What a providential
thing that the man should have been permitted
to remain to punish the assassin ! It is a pity
Mrs. Brown had not shared her husband’s fate,
as she must have known his murderous design.
Audubon.—This indefatigable naturalist has
reached the field of his present season’s labors,
having travelled the immense distance of 2000
miles above the mouth of the Missouri, from
Baltimore, in twenty-seven days. His letter to
Dr. Smith of Baltimore, is dated Fort Union,
three miles above the mouth ofthe Yellow Stone
River, June 13th and is as follows:
“We arrived safe, and all well, yesterday af
ternoon at this place, which is unlike anything
I ever saw before. I cannot write you a long
letter, on account ofthe confusion a id excitement
at this moment among us. We are in the very
midst ofthe game country. We saw yesterday
no less than 22 mountain rams together, scam
pering over the high clay hills close to our boat.
We have made the quickest trip ever performed
ny steam to this place, and that without touching
a single snag, or having an accident worthy of re
mark. We intendleavingthis, onour way down
ward, on the 15th of August, and proceed slow
ly to aflbrd us all opportunities possible to col
lect whatever we can, as well specimens as
knowledge of things that we could not study on
our way up.”
The ship Hanover.—The Providence Jour
nal states that on this ship, which was lost on
her passage from Providence to St. Petersburg!!,
.here was $43,000 insurance, viz:—$25,000 in
Boston and SIB,OOO at the Washington and A
merican offices in this city, the former had SB,-
000 on the ship, and the latter SIO,OOO on the
cargo. The cargo consisted of cotton and rice.
A letter from Capt. Martin, says, “We have got
put the provisions, sails, running rigging, and
about fifty bales of cotton. If it is smooth, we
shall save nearly all the cotton ; it not, she will
go to pieces very quick.”—N. Y. Jour, of Com.
AUGUSTA, GA THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 27, 1843.
SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 22.
Jj" Col. Henry C. Lea is announced, as a
candidate in opposition to Mr. Dixon H. Lewis
in Alabama.
Clay and Calhoun.
The “American Democrat,” published at
Macon, itself an advocate of Mr. Calhoun, has
the following in relation to these two distin
guished Americans :
“Mr. Calhoun and Mr-Clay are not only the
glory of great political parties, but an honor to,,
their country—their age—and the American
name—every American citizen participates in
their honor—every American cjtizen shoulu
cherish them as lhe common property andglory
of his country: it is between these two, proba
bly, the greatest living minds of the age, that we
desire to see the race for the Presidency, in 1844.
Both ol them are Americans—both of them are
patriots—neither of them wonld descend to any
thing mean—their feelings and sympathies are
in unison with the glory of their country, and
the prosperity and happiness oi the people.”
For the Chronicle and Sentinel.
Mr. Vail Buren’s “Sheep Speech.”,
Mr. Van Buren voted for the tariffs of 1824
and 1828—the last, called by Mr. Adams “the
bill of abominations,” led to South Carolina
nullification.
Ata meeting held in Albany, July 10th, 1827,
convened for the purpose of sending delegates
to a tariff convention, Mr. Van Buren advoca
ted a tariff, not only for revenue but protection.
It is doubtful whether the whole of this speech
ednld now be found any where, as almost im
mediately afterwards it is said to have been sup-
pressed, as far as possible, by the speaker’s
friends, from the lear of its doing him injury al
the South. The following extracts, however,
escaped destruction, and the sight of them will
no doubt be quite refreshing to those who are
now prepared to vote for ether Mr. Calhoun or
Mr. Van Buren, in preference to Mr. Clay.
He said—“ That having now stated, as fully
as the time would admit, his general views up
on the subject, his opinion of the sai led policy of
the State, as to the propriety and expediency of
affording legislative protection to the manufactu
ring interests of the country, by temperate and
wise, and therefore salutary laws, and hisreadi
ness to aid in the passage of all such laws, he
would tresp ss for a few moments,” &c.
He also said—“He owed many thanks to the
meeting for the very kind attention with which
he had been listened to by gentlemen, between
many of whom and himself there had, upon
public matters, been differences of opinion oj
long standing. His situation in reference to the
wool growing interest was well known to most
of them. He had, at present, invested more
than twenty thousand dollars in sheep, and farms
devoted, and which he meant to devote, to that
business. He felt all proper concern for his own
interest, and would, of course, cheerfully unite
in all suitable measures for its advantage."
Influenced by such considerations, it was not
very surprising that he should consider the tarifl
of 1828 template, wise and salutary. If ever
Mr. Van Buren’s speeches shall be published,
it is to be hoped that his "sheep speech" will not
be suppressed.
One question naturally presents itself. What
are those persons to be called, who are ready to
support Mr. Van Buren if nominated by the
locofoeo convention lor the Presidency? (as it is
confidently believed he will be.) Are they high
tarifi men, union men or tiullifiers? or are they
a mixture of all these jumbled together undei
the name of loeotoco? W.
The British Army.—From recent official
documents, it appears that there were in Janua
ry, 1830, in the English army, of Englishmen
44,329; of Scotchmen 13,800; of Irishmen 42,894;
and in January 1840, there were in the same
force, of Englishmen 51,559; of Scotchmen 15,-
232; of Irishmen 41,218.
From the Whig Clarion.
Henry Clay—. United States Bank.
Some ofthe Democratic papers consider it a
good joke to publish Mr. Clay’s anti-Bank
Speech, made in 1811. They forget that in 1816
Mr. Calhoun made a speech for the Bank. On
this subject, these two great champions of their
parties have changed places. But there is this
difference between them—Mr. Calhoun swears
lustily to his uniform consistency. The sun,
moon and stars may vary, bu - the “lone star ol
the Palmetto State” is “fixed”—it changeth not.
Mr. Clay frankly avows his change, in the fol
lowing language:
“Yes, sir, said Mr. Clay, it is very’ true that
I opposed a National Bank in 1811; the speech
you quote is my speech; it contains a frank ex
pression of the opinions I then held on the sub
ject. But five years ot painful national experi
ence convinced me I had been wrong—that a
Bank was necessary to the country, both in re
lation to its currency and its revenues, and the
very next occasion that offered, I avowed the
conviction which time and national suffering
had produced; and to these convictions 1 have
ever since adhered. lam not ashamed ot hav
ing grown wiser by experience, and on this on
ly, of all great national questions, I have chan
ged my ground. Judge from the arguments and
facts I now submit to you, whether 1 had or had
not good reason.”
Will our friends, who publish Mr. Clay’s
great speech, publish also Mr. Calhoun’s on the
other side? Or will they’ say’ that in 1816
Messrs. Clay and Calhoun labored side by side
in bringing to light what the Democrats now
shudder at as a misshapen “monster?” Will
they tell their readers, that Mr. Calhonn was
the Chairman of the Committee that reported
the bill, and urged its passage with great vehe
mence and power ?—And that he cherished and
nursed the “monster,” into whose vitals the Old
Hero had plunged his harpoon, up to its last
gasp in 1836 ? We think not. It is prudent to
sink these small matters at present. . But is it
fair?
Mr. Clay was, in 1811, opposed to a U.S.
Bank. So was the virtuous Madison. The
necessities of the country wrought a change on
the minds of both these great Statesmen, and in
1816, they dared to prefer their country, to con
sistent adherence to error, and frankly avowed
it. They acted in accordance with that manly
feeling, and their country blessed and honored
them for their manly courage.
Interesting Incident.—A carrier pigeon,
says the Litchfield (Conn ) Enquirer, alighted
at the house of the Hon. Wm. M. Burrall in
Canaan, on Monday afternoon, giving signs of
hunger and fatigue. And as Judge B. never
sends the traveller empty away, he brought out
some wheat to his winged visiter, which it very
greedily ate from his hand. While the pigeon
was eating, its legs were noticed to be wrapt
with paper, and on removing the bandages they
were found to contain Mr. Webster’s speech,
written on two sheets of tissue paper. The
Judge had tne pleasure of reading the speech
while the bird was satisfying its hunger and re
gaining its strength, and then replacing the tissue
boots on the faithful airy messenger, it took a
rapid flight to the west, andsoon, we trust, found
its way to the owner.
Giving a False Coloring to the Affair.—
“Be jabers I” said an Irishman, who landed here
yesterday, direct from the great theatre of the
Repeal agitations, “the yaUah fever and black
vomit must be very bad here intirely!”
“Why do you think so ?” said his friend, to
whom he addressed the remark.
“Faix,” said he, “isn’t it as plain as the nose
on yer face—and ye own a tolerable size smellin’-
bottle yerself—isn’t it as plain, I say, as the nose
on yer face, from the number of black and yaUah
people I see in the streets 1”
The Picayune told that.
The following toast was given on the 4th of
July, at Campbell Court House, Va :
By Ro. Hughes.—Mr. President, I want you
to let every one know that I am for Henry C lay
against the world. He and I were born .-lose to
the Slashes ol old Hamver. He worked bare
footed and so did I. He went to Mill and so
did I. He was a good boy to his mamma, and
so was I. 1 know him like a book, and love
him like a brother. Ifany man has any thing to
say against him, let him come to me. If there
is any better, braver or smarter man than Hen
ry Clay on this God’s globe, why Isay he would
be a sort ot curiosity, and I would like to look
at him. Go it, Clay! [333 cheers. ]
33" The editor of the Athens Southern Banne
in defining his position in relation to the Presi
iluncy, declinesenlisting in the cause of Mi.
Calhoun, at le <st for the present, for the follow
ing reason :—we have no expectation tha.
Mr. Calhoutt wil|be the choice of the National
Convention. There are men who have beet
longer and mo® closely identified with the De
mocratic party, and who possess equal qualifi
cations for4ne Executive chair. Os these,
Martin Van Buren stands most conspicuous,
and upon hinv we now look, with pride and
pleasure, as the captain who is to head our for
ces and lead us to victory.”
SouTHBftK Literary Messenger.—This
most valuable periodical has fallen into the
.hands of My. Beni. B. Minor, of whom the
Richmond s?hig speaks thus: —“The Messen.
ger has fallen into hands able and worthy of it.
Mr. Minor,'?* 'ho to extensive acquirements and
elegant taste in letters, adds indomitable indus
try, will make it more deserving than ever ol
the liberal Aronage ol the,’public.”
To the Public.
THE SfJWftERN LITERARY MESSENGER.
Havirig succeeded to the rights and duties of
Editor and Pwprietor of the Southern Literary
•Vressensn't ilbke this early opportunity of pre
sent inftJvMgkif address toils old and tiled pat
rons,\ibd tO. the public generally. The value
and impqpaiue ot the work are too obvious to
need crevjgfii' -Jt has enjoyed a reputation al
moet,KfMM&sjjd, consequently a popularity
al mi ‘-ar Fof’these, ft was indebted to
lhe ardor, enterprise and industry of one who, in
some respects, was pre-eminently qualified to
sustain it. Mr. White gave his heart and his
lite to the Messenger. His career is now clos
ed, and in his death, the work of his love has re
ceived a blow, which some may have thoughi
or feared, would prove fatal. Their fears may
be realised, if they fail in the performance ol
their part. lam resolved that, so far as lies in
me, they shall not be; and I think I may say for
those whose genius and learning has made the
Messenger what it is, that they 100 are thus re
solved.
Let the hand of liberal patronage be opened,
and let the gifted minds pourforth tneirtreasures,
and lhe work shall prosper and shall be worthy oj
patronage. For myself, I only desire a fair
compensation lor my labors, on which I depend;
and the rest shall gladly be given to the cause oi
Literature and whatever credit there may be in
the workto promote its improvement and exten
sion. Give the enterprise encouragement, and
the spirits to delight, amuse and instruct will be
called and shall come, vv hy should not the work
meet wito more than its former success? Edu
cated millions maybe its patrons. A small
fraction of those who can well afford it, woulu
place it on an immovable foundation. The
North may well receive it, as nearly the only
offering of Southern Literature. The vast un
occupied field ol the South might hail it, as the
distant lover does the messenger bird of his lady
love.
The Southern Review is j ust risen from its
ashes. Long life and success attend it. A
competitor rather than a coadjutor, cannot in
jure it. A rival it shall not have. The Chicora
rolded itself for support in the leaves of “ l he
Magnolia;’’ but the leaves which sheltered it
are now withered and dead- like those of its
own pure flower, when its season is past. Peace
to them, and a speedy resurrection to immortal
ity. There are two literary publications issued
farther South; but to the whole Souh, Irom lhe
Potomac to the Gull of Mexico, (and to lhe
West, whose interests in respect of mental cul
ture and institutions, are identical,) the Mes
senger bears nearly the only fruits ot the literary
.enterprise and efforts ol her sons, the incitement
ot her genius, and the constant vindication ol
her rights and peculiar institutions. It is not
intended to make the work local—no, the em
pire of mind is one; but it shall never cease to
be “Southern.” Some of the Southern States
have done nobly, Georgia lias even surpassed
Virginia, in her generous support. Nor has
the North rejected il; but in many sections, has
extended a liberal hand. Let old triends hold
fast and new ones enlist in her behalf, and the
Messenger will seek to reward them, by bring
ing them solace, instruction and amusement,
dillusing a spirit ot literary ambition and a taste
tor letters, and maintaining tne cause of “true
religion and virtue.” y-
1 shall address the patrons t I the work, in the
next number, and I will not now occupy their at
tention any longer. I will take leave to say Io
the subscribers, foal lhe sn.isgrjptions for the
year 1843, now due, have been convey®rto me,
and as great expense must necessarily be incurr
ed in publishing the work and making payment
ot the purchase money, they will render inva -
uable assistance, by speedily remitting to me
their dues lor the present year. Their subscrip
tions will be much more valuable from being
paid at this time; and if remitted the heavy loss
of collecting them willfoe saved. Having pur
chased the backnunibersofthe Messenger, I «ill
offer the following inducement to those who will
now subscribe. For six dollars, in advance, and
free of postage, they shall receive volumes VIII
and IX, for the years 1842 and ’43. It is not the
retention of the Editor to abandon the legal pro
fession; but (probably confining himsell to the
city) will pursue it promptly. Any Editors oi
newspapers, religious or secular, who feel
a sufficient interest in the Messenger, will
confer a favor by giving this address an inser
tion, or calling public attention to it.
BENJ. B. MINOR.
Richmond, July 15th, 1843.
From the Albany Courier.
“My Old Union Friends.”
Under this head, Mr. Guieu, of the Constitu
tionalist, has addressed a long article to h s old
associates in democracy, with the view of heal
ing up the dissensions among his partisans, pro
duced by the nomination ot John C. Calhoun
and Mark A. Cooper.
It is certainly amusing to see the supplicating
tone in which the venerable editor of the Consti
tutionalist appeals to his “Old Union Friends."
With a candor which every lover of truth must
admire, he acknowledges that there are dissen
sions in the Democratic ranks, and that thecau
ses producing them are founded in justice, “that
circumstances, connected as they are with the
present posture of our public affairs, led the
convention to the course it pursued.” Without
stating what these circumstances were which
led the convention to pursue a course so repug
nant to the feelings ot his “old union friends,"
he conjures them for theii love of party, by theii
ambition to keep the ascendency, cheerfully tv
submit and lanction the policy of the Demoi-ra
tie Convention. Leaving Mr. Guieu to veil
the “circumlances which led the Democratic
Convention :o the course which it pursued,” in
as much obscurity as he possibly can, we would
enquire int« the policy, as acknou ledged by-
Mr. Guieu, which influenced this patriotic body
to nominate Mark A Cooper as the candidate
for their nett Governor. He says—“lt is true
that in pro-perity, as well as in adversity, we
have remaiied united.” It is true that, when in
prosperity, we confided the offices within our
gift to these only who had remained firm,
who had b<en undeviating in their princif les,
and who caild not be prevailed upon to barter
their consciences for office, when our opponents
w-ere in pover. And I say with you, that it is
to be regietted, "changes have taken place in the
politics and condition if parlies, which required
from ns a chinge oj policy." So it seems that a
change has taken place in the politics and con
dition of thf Democratic party of Georgia, and
consequenty a change of policy is necessary so
that men vho “barter their consciences for of
' fice,” nowreceive the highest gifts of that party
in prefererce to those who have remained firm
and undefiating in their principles. Hence
the nomiiation of Mark A. Cooper for the
Gubernaurial Chair, and Walter T. Colquitt
for the Snate. We admire the candor and
franknessof the acknowledgement, though we
must contemn the policy. We cannot accuse
the old “Inion men” of any want of party de
votion, ffien they refuse to be mustered into
service uider such men as th» Constitutionalist
describesColquitt, Cooper and Black to be, and
we doub whether the venerable Mr. Guieu,
with tha familiar and honeyed expression,
“My Ola Union Friends," can persuade the hon
est part <f the Democratic party that loyalty to
party am ambition for the ascendency should
compell hem to vote for men who “barter their
conscienes for office."
In collusion, the Constitutionalist wants his
old unia friends in the style of some old lady
talking :o her grand children, not to heed the
“insidiqts attempts of their adversaries to throw
dissentims an.ong them and to distract their
council:.” It says—“Do not pay any attention
to w’hatthey sav about the triangular influence
of Colluitt, Cooper and Black, and of their en
grossiig all the honors of your party.”
“Otr opponents have no business to meddle
with tie discipline and tactics of our party.”—
Discifine and tactics!! Who ever before heard
ihesewords used in connection with a body of
fret and intelligent men—men w-ho acknow
led re no superior, who bow to no master and no
nictation. Is it possible then that his old union
friends are like the serfs ot some feudal lord,
and can be drilled into ranks at the beck < 1
heir Corporals, Captains and Majors. This
ean lot be the case. Mr. Guieu must have had
mme band of military hirelings in his mind’s
fye when he used these vords in connection
with the independent members of the Democra
tic party oi Georgia.
From the Georgia Journal.
Hon. George VV. Crawford—• rhe Georgia
Argus—Hon. Mark A. Cooper.
In the Georgia Argus of tl e sth inst., is an
irticle, tire concluding paragraph of which is in
.tiese words:
‘•We have one objection to Mr. Crawford which, with
u>, is iß.urinountaole ; han a strong advocate lo< rhe
p ly.neul of li.e l-o hundred thousand doUar.subscrib
ed oy Governor Mr Donald, to the Monroe Kailroad ; of
course, if he should ue elected Gove: nor, all his influ
ence would be brought to the accomphshuient ot that
object.”
In our humble opinion, there is not another
Democratic paper in Georgia, that will take the
-ame ground, and urge it as an objection to Mr.
Crawford's election. Notwithstanding, it is an
’ "insurutoun aote" one to the editors oi rue Argus,
we must incline to the opinion that, "soluary
and obme," this ball, which they have put in
.notion, will not be accelerated in its rolling by
a single individual attached to the Democratic
Press. The hostility ofthe Argus to Railroads
generally, and to many ot the acts ot Governor
McDonald, is too well known to excite the sur
piise of the public, at this particular attack up
on Mr. Crawford. But a brief history of this
Railroad subscription, may not be unacceptable
to the reader; and inasmuch as the Argusex
pects to make capital out of it, we will make a
plain statement of the tacts connected with it,
and th?n leave it to the people to determine
whether, with them, the vote ol Mr. Crawford
will prove an insurmountable objection to their
support of one of Georgia’s most patriotic and
talented sons.
By an Act of the Legislature of Georgia, and
a democratic ligislaturc too, lhe Monroe Railroad
became entitled to the State’s subscription of
$500,000, whenever that work should oe com
pleted to a certain point. Uponevidence which
satisfied Governor McDonald that this was
done,’ he, who was lhe proper j udge of the mat
ter, complied with what the law demanded of
him, and called upon the Legislature to make
the appropriation, so that the plighted fai h ot
lhe State might be preserved. Wtien the ques
tion came up before the Legislature, Mr. Craw
ford voted to sustain the act ot a Democratic
Legislature and Governor McDonald, and pre.
serve the plighted faith of the S ate.. And this
vote is tne one that proves an insnrrnountable
one to Mr. Crawford’s receiving the support of
the Argus! I
Now, let the reader bear in mind, that the
State had, through her Legislature, pledged her
self to the performance of mis act —that tne Gov
ernor was made the judge to determine whether
the Railroad was entitled to the State’s subscrip
tion—that, upon evidence presented to him, which
evidence was laid before the Legislature, he left
himself bound to subscribe for the slock —and
will any candid man blame Mr. Crawford for
sustaining what he felt to be his duty to sustain.
Surely, it any wrong there be, it must be laid to
the Governor, and not to Mr. Ciawlbrd. The
law was passed—the Governor complies with
the law, and so informs t.ie Legislature—ana
upon this information, Mr. Crawlord votes to
sustain lhe act ot a Democratic Legislature and
Democratic Governor. He votes to maintain
the plighted faith oj th: Stat — plighted, first, by
the Democrats, and then by their Governor. To
repudiate either act, he was not disposed to do,
and because he did not, it is an insurmountable
objection against him, withlhe Georgia Argus!
To what straits will not men be driven, wuen,
deluded, they sustain a bad cause, or willully
occupying a wrong position, they magnily and
distort’ the acts of ineir opponents 1
But, can the Argus find in the acts of the
Hon. Mark A. Cooper, nothing that will prove
an insurmountable objection to their support ol
him ? Are the Editors of that paper conversant
with the positions assumed by Mr. Cooper, and
which the Legislative records will show, con
cerning Railroad incorporations? We know
their hostility to incorporations of all kinds, and
surely they should not let Mr Cooper’s peculiar
views pass by, without ipforming the putilic in
relation thereto. Lest, however, they should
fail to do so, we h >pe they will pardon us, for
calling their attention to the legislative record.
But before we do so, we will premise a tew ob
servations.
• In 1833, the Hon. Mark A. Cooper hailed
from the county of Putnam. At that time, he
was one of the warmest advocates of Railroads,
that lhe State had within her bounds. The
same year, he was elected a member of the Leg
islature, to represent thatcounty. Nulii cation
and Railroads, judging from the record, appear
to have been nis particular hobbies. A bill
was before the House to incorporate the Geor
gia Railroad Company-. In per ecting this bill,
Air. Cooper proved, by his vole, that ainore tho
rough-going monopolist, such an one as horrifies
the Argus now-a-days, had not the honor of a
seat upon the floor, in the first place, it will
scarcely be believed, that, to advance the inter
ests of this particular road, he voted to deprive
Savannaluand all the low country, from thence
to Mficbn, of a siunlar privrfeg?r * And for our
proof, lei the Argus refer to the Journal of the
House of 1833, and i n pages 157, and 158, he
will find it. But we will here annex the proof,
to prevent all misunderstanding.
“O.i mot.on of Mr. Cooper, the House took the report
of the committee of the whole on the bill to incorpo
rate the Georgia Railroad Company, together with the
amendments oifered to the second section of the Mine,
ihe second section being read, to wit:
“The company shall nave exclusive privilege of con
structing said roads irom any point in inis State with
in twenty miles of the road herein designated as the
Union ro id and its branches, leading to Eatonton, Ath
ens, and Madison, continuously to the City of Augusta,
for, and during the tertn of thirty-six years, provided
that nothing herein contained shall permit the con
struction of Railroads by other companies from Savan
nah to Augusta, or from M icon t-r Columbus to Savan
nah. or branch roado, with the consent of the Georgia
Railroad company from any point in this State to the
Union road or its branches.
“Several amendments being offered, ’’
“Mr. Pace oifered the following as a substitute for
said section, to wit:
“The company shall have exclusive privilege of con
structing col.ateral railroads, within twenty mi.es ol
the road herein designated as the Union road and its
branches, leading to Eatonton. Athens and Madison,
continuously to the city of Augusta: Provided, that
nothing herein contained sha!l oe so construed as to
prevent other railroads being constructed Irom any
point in this State, io any other point not running par
allel and within twenty miles of the said Union road
and its branches.
“On receiving the substitute in lieu of said original
section, the yea» and nays were required to ue tccoiUed
and are —yeas 79, nays
Among the NA TS is the name of the Hon.
MARK A. COOPER!
What will tne people of the low c mnlry, and
other sections ot the State, think oi this ? vVhat
does the Argus think otit? Wnat do those
who affect such a horror of monopolies tnink of
it ?
Again. In further proof of Mr. Coopec’s par
tialities tor incorporations, at the time alluded to,
lhe Journal ol the House contains the tollowing.
It will be found on page 189, and 190.
“The loth section ofsaid report being read.
“Mr Harris of yVallot! moved tosiiiKe out the fol
lowing pari of >aid section. to wii : “and that duiing
the first period of tuirty-six years, the stock ol the com
pany, and the real estate that may be purchased by
them, and ceunected with, and be suoservient to the
works herein authorized ; shall be exempted from tax
ation.”
-And, on striking out, the yeas and nays were requi
red to be recorded, and are—yeas 100, nay» 32.”
Among the NAYS stands recorded lhe name
of the Hon. MAuK A. COOr’c.K!
Now, we ask the Atgus, iu all candor, if we
have-not placed in its hands, a rod to lasli Mr.
Cooper with ? Here is its candidate tor Gov
ernor, voting, fitst, to grant a monopoly, un
heard of belore in our State, to a set oi capital
ists; and, in the second place, to exempt tram,
taxation for the space of thirty-six years, those
wealthy capitalists, who designed to embark in
the enterprise. Yes—while the hard-working
farmers, mechanics, andmerchants of our State,
were to be called upon annually, to contribute
to the support of our State Government, in pay
ing taxes, this weal hy company, for thirty-six
years, Mr. Cooper intended to free from all tax
ation. The labor of the country he would tax—
but the wealth ol the country he would exoner
ate from taxation.
It is unnecessary to dwell further upon this
subject. It the Argus is sincere in its opposi
tion to men who favor railroads and monopo
lies ; if the Argus would defend the great mass
of the people from wealthy associations, let it
now assail Mr. Cooper tor his acts, above refer
red to. W hat this gentleman’s opinions were in
1833, are, of course, his opinions now, for he is
one, that the Argus knows, doesnot change.
Wool.—The importance of this produetto
our county is daily increasing, and is now one
of the most important articles of trade. In 184 U
there was, according to the census, 265,958 lbs.
of that article produced. There is still more
produced now. Os this amount, it is estimated
that there is about IbO.tXX) lbs. sold to eastern
m. nus icturers, which blings quite a little sum
of money into lhe county.
Fine wool sells at a little advance'from last
year’s prices. There is a gentleman nowhere
making purchases. He purchased about 20,-
000 lbs. last year. His purchases will be about
the same this year. Large purchases are now
made by a gentleman at Westfield. The prices
range generally irom 15 to 25, and some as high
as 27 and 28,
A Mammoth Tusk.—A letter Irom one of the
proprietors of the Blue Lick Springs to Mr.
Stanley, of Maysville, Kentucky, states that in
excavating the grounds around the springs, with
the view of improvement, an enormous tusk, of
some animal now extinct, was discovered. The
tusk measured 6 feet 2) inches in length, an l
21 inches in circumference at the large end.—
The letter further mentions that the tusk had
evidently been broken, and must originally have
been much longer. Two grinders were also
found unbedded with lhe tusk, one 8 and the oth
er 6 inches in breadth. . The teeth had decayed
as far as the enamel, and their length, in conse
quence, was but little greater than their breadth
The tusk weighed 94 lbs. and the large grinder
81bs.—N, O. Bee,
MONDAY MORNING, JULY 24.
Kendall’s Expositor slates, that the editoi
celebrated the 4th of July within the jail limits,
rejoicing at the liberty enjoyed by others.
From St. Domingo.
The following is an extract from a letter,
which we find in the New York Tribune, from
Cape Haytien, St. Domingo, brought by schr.
Curlew, and dated
Cape Haytien, July Ist.
“Business began to look very brisk, and in
deed from appearances there will be a greatdeal
done here the' next season A great excitement
is caused here on account of the coming elec
tion for President, which will come on about
lhe latter part of next month, when I have no
doubt that there will be a struggle, on a small
scale, equal to that ofthe elections in the U. S.
The yellow lever is raging here much to the
alarm of the foreigners; it has not, however,
shown itself .n its worst character yet, and eve
ry precaution is taken to keep it down.
Il has been very peaceable here since the ter
mination of the war, considering the unsettled
state of affairs.
Important Decision.— An important and in
teresting case has just been tried before the U.S.
Court at Cincinnati. The action was between
Wharton Jones, plaintiff, and John Van Zandt,
defendant, and it was brought under an act of
Congress against “harboring and concealing
slaves.” We gather the following abstract ol
it, from the Cincinnati Sun of the 15th inst.:
By the evidence in the case we learn that du
ring the month of April, 1842, nine slaves, the
property ofthe Plaintiff,-left their master’s resi
dence in Ken'ucky, and were on the following
days found in the possession of the defendant,
near Palmyra, in Warren county, Ohio, who
had them in a wagon and was conveying them
northward. Seven of these negroes were taken
from his possession by two men named Heffer
man and Hargraves, who acted without author
ity from the plaintiff, and were by' them convey
ed to Covington, Ky., where they were detained
until they were reclaimed by the plaintiff. The
other two negroes escaped—one of whom volun
tarily returned to his master in Kentucky after
a few days—and the other one has never been
retaken.
The defendant relied upon the want of preol
ol notice to him, that these negroes were slaves
in Kentucky, and the absence of a claim by the
owner, his agent or attorney, as appears to be
required by the act of Congress. The jury in
making up their verdict were governed by the
value ofthe escaping negro and the reward and
expenses paid by the plaintiff, in recovering his
negroes. The value of the negro Andrew, be
ing proved to be S6OO, and the reward and ex
penses being proved also to be S6OO. Verdici
81200. This termination of the question, we
believe, gives general satisfaction.
From the Savannah Republican.
The Tariff:
The editor of the Macon Democrat has bro
ken ground on the subject of the tariff of 1842.
He would do well to go back to the democratic
•ariff ot 1832, upon which that of ’42 is a deddea
reduction. The tariff of 1828 was "a bill of a
bominalions." So Mr. Adams himself pro
nounced it repeatedly, and he would have vetoed
it, if he could have done so consistently with his
constitutional views. Great Britain has redu
ced her tariff', says the editor, and we ought to
reduce ours. True, she has made some reduc
tions, but her scale is strictly protective, and
these reductions have been made by no love of
Iree trade, but because Russia, France and the
German Union, have been adopting retaliatory
tariffs upon her. Russia, Prussia, France and
Mexico have lately increased their duties.—
England and France still impose tremendous
duties on our flour, pork, tobacco, &c., and we
create a home market for them by retaliating
on her manufactures. Great Britain in her re
vised tariff ol 1842 imposed a duty which was
at lhe following ad valorem rates: salted beel
59 per cent, rosin 75 per cent, bacon 109 per
cent, butter 70 per cent, rosin 77 per cent, sperm,
oil and candles 33 per cent, tobacco unmanufru:-
tured 1000 per cent, and manufactured 1200 per
cent, soap 200 per eeni, salted pork 33 per cent,
spirits from grain 500 per cent," and spirits from
molasses 1600 per cent. Those duties are dis
criminating enough.
In 1811, under Mr. Clay’s compromise tariff,
the whole impußation from foreign countries
was 8127,915,000, upon which the whole ain’t
of duties laid by us was $14,487,000, being at
the rate (average) oi 11J per cent only—while
in the same year (1841) the exportations from
the United States, was $91,000, on which the
amount of duties levied by foreign nnpmriw.
was #113,500,000, or at the raje of 124 per cent.
The average value of the tobacco exported in '
1839 and ’4O wa5 ? 59,225,000 each year, upon
which Europe levied a tax of $32,463,000.
The duty on salt “is a loss of half a million 'of
dollars to lhefarmers." Does the editor ol the
Democrat, really believe what he says? Is salt
so hig i now that he should talk thus? Is the
price higher than it was under the late ad valo
rem tariff? Was it ever cheaper than it has
been this year? Salt has averaged from 20
to 25 cents per bushel this last season, and it
averaged nq less under the lowest ad valorem
duty. Ships coming from Liverpool must bring
salt, whatever be the duty.
Sagar—Here comes the Louisiana protection.
But is sugar not cheaper now than ever before ?
Does the editor believe what he says, that we
now pay $260 for what we once paid $100? On
the contrary, can we not get more lor SIOO now
than we ever could formerly?
Boots, 4-c. —Could the poor man ever buy them
so cheap as now, notwithstanding the tariff.
Raw Hides— Protection for Illinois. It is a
pity.
Iron —ln various shapes—Most extravagant
duties. True, butthe Democratic members from
Pennsylvania insisted upon it, and Mr. Forward
lhe late Secretary of the Treasury, who drew up
the bill, is a citizen of Pittsburg.
H nip, unmanufactured — is protected. True,
and you can get as good bagging made Irom
Kentucky hemp (protected) for 15 a 17 cts, as
you can get foreign for 17 or 19 cents. In New
Orleans, you can get ar. abundance of this bag
ging at from 11 to 12 cents.
“Recoil’.cl, says the Editor of the Democrat,
“that the ll'/ilg tariff plunders lhe consumers mil of
half a million a year,by an impost on salt, and al
lows poisons, and.gold epaulettes logofree."
We would recommend lhe Edito’ to look over
the markets during the past winter, and by ex
amining too the files of the Chatleston Mercury,
the Richmond Enquirer and New York Evening
Post, he will find some curious details about
the competition of woollen manufacturers and
cotton printers, which has reduced prices to a
low point, beyond all precedent.
He can now go to Philadelphia and purchase
muslins at 31 a 33 cts. about as good as foreign
ones which cost 70 a 75 cents, and as for printed
goods, he can purchase them for from 6to 15
cents, better, than those lately imported at 18 to
27 cents.
Iflhe Editor wants to speculate on a tariff he
will do well to go back to that of 1832, which
led to the Carolina Nullification. We object
io the high scale of this tariff as much as he
does, but not to the countervailing features of it.
Let the duties be reduced, in Heaven’s name,
but let us concede the truth, which is, that do
mestic competition under it, has carried prices
down to a point almost ruinous to manufactur
ers. “If poisons go free," it is no reason why’ lhe
Macon Democrat should circulate them.
While we are writing, the N. O. Courier of
June 39th, a Democratic paper of the first water,
has come u tier our eyes. The following re
marks from that paper will instruct the editorol
the Democrat as to Whig duties on sugar:
The Sugar Duty once more.—The Whigs
are making a mighty splutter about the sugar
duty, and its predicted repeal by the Democra t
ic members of the next Congress. What
grounds have they on which to rest such a pre
diction ? We know nothing, tor our part, of
what the Democratic majority of the next Con
gress may do in the matter, except through the
inferences we draw from the expressed opinions
of those who are most highly esteemed by the
party. Gen. Jackson, Mr. Van Buren and Mr.
Calhoun, Have declared themselves in tavor ot
protecting the sugar culture by a reasonable
amount of duty— not less, under any circum
stances, than the present rate.
Should the Whigs retain their majority in
Congress, there would, indeed, be ample cause
to apprehend most melancholy results to the
planter, it one may’ form an opinion of the fu
ture from our experience of lhe past. The su
gar duty was repealed by an act introduced
into Congress by Mr. Clay, and supported by
all his friends in that assembly! This fact has
been more than once admitted by the Whig
pt ess. More than this, Mr. Clay, fifteen months
ago, declared before the whole nation that he
still abidedby the repealing act, and urged up
on his friends that it was expedient and neces
sary to make it the permanent policy of the go
vernment. Mr. Clay is the Whig candidate
for the Presidency—the idol before which all
true Whigs fall down and w’orship. No Whig
can question the infallibility of his opinions,
under pain of expulsion from the party. Is it
probable that any of the Whig candidates for
Congress would, if they were elected, have in
dependence enough to dispute or resist the fiat
of the autocrat?
Mr. Clay repealed the sugar duty in 1833; in
1842 he declared Jhat the repealing act ought to
be continued in totce. What then! is it not prob
able that his party, over whom he exercises un
bounded influence and absolute authority, will
lepeal it again whenever they have power to
do so?
LATEST FROM ENGLAiNd.
ARfHVAL ° F THI
CALEDONIA.
FOURTEEN DAYS LATER.
Riots 111 Wales—Arrival of Count D’Orsaj
and the Countess of Blesslngton in till
Caledonia, Incog.—lnsult to the America i
Mi Aster at Oxford—'.reland and Irish
Affairs—Tremendous meeting at Ennis-
Violent Speech of Mr. Shea Lalor—War
like movements In the Schide—The State
of Affairs in China and India—An exam
ple for Kings in Portugal—Crisis in the
Affairs of Greece—lnsurrection in Spall.
—Serious indisposition of Earl Grey.
From the New York Herald.
The steamship Caledbnia, Capt. E. G. Lott,
was telegraphed 25 miles out at 6 o’clock p. M.
on Monday, and arrived at her moorings at the
C unard wharf, East Boston, at 8 o’clock.
K She left Liverpool on Tuesday, July 4th, thus
making the passage in thirteen days.
By the Caledonia we have received our files
of Liverpool papers to July 4th inclusive, and
London to July 3d.
The intelligence brought by this packet pos
sesses no striking feature. The riots at Wales,
which have been suppressed, and the agitation
which stitt-pre vails In Ireland, are the
most striking events i rf dmi-. iiic interest. The
rates exacted for tolls, the number of the toll
gates, haired of the new Poor Law, and the ab
sence of work, are the causes which have main
ly contributed to the recent disturbances in South
Wales.
Among the passengers in the Caledonia were
Count D’Orsay and the Countess of Blessington
(travelling under assumed names,) the former
accompanied by a Valet, and the latter by two
female servants. He is tall and strongly but
elegantly built; his features however and hands
are small to effeminacy, and his countenance, it
must be confessed, shows traces of age, partic
ularly about the eyes. Ladv Blessington is still
a beauty, though she has evidently seen her best
days.
One ot the passengers, who appears well in
formed upon the su’ ject, assures that they will
not visit the Atlantic cities, and that they return
to Europe in November.
The latest intelligence received from the Uni
ted Slates and British America was conveyed
to England by the favorite mail steamship Aca
dia, Captain A. Ryrie. Her passage was a re
markable good one, having performed the entire
voyage Irom Boston in twelve, and from Hali
fax in ten days. She brought upwards of sev
enty passengers, all of whom have spoken in
the highest terms of the vessel’s merits, and
those ot her worthy commander.
These packet ships have arrived from New
York since our last publication—the Sheridan,
Captain D. Peyster, reached on the 20th ultimo
was follow'ed by the George Washington, Capt.
Burrows, on the 30lh, and by the United States,
Captain Britton, yesterday.
Insuli. - to Mr. Everett, the American
Minister.—When the headsot Oxford College
were about to confer the degree ol L. L. D. on
Mr. Everett, in the theatre ofthe University, a
number ot under graduates assailed Mr. Everett
with hissings and hooting—the only motive be
ing his being a Unitarian. The heads of the
College have expressed their regret in an ad
dress to Mr. E.
The act for the abolition of slavery in India
passed the Supreme Council on the 7lh April,
and became a law.
The Annual Waterloo Banquet, given by his
grace the Dukeot Wellington, took place on the
19th, the 18tli, the annivei sary ol the battle being
Sunday.
We have elsewhere given ample details ofthe
progress ol events in Spain. At the last accounts
Espartero was at Albacete. The issue ol the
St S*«W. Macnaoohton’—The re
mains of Sir Wm. Macnaughton are on their
way Irom Calcutta, and were expected in a few
days. They were recovered at a large price, by
Lady Macnaughton, from the well into which
they had been cask
The body was recognised from its mutilated
condition, and Irom the absence of the head and
arm, which had been cut of by the Affghan ruf
fians who had assassinated him.
The Bishopricof Jamaica. —Thissee which
has become vacantby thedeath of Dr. Lipscombe
is of the annual value of £4OJO. The diocese
includes Jamaica, the Bahama islands, and the
settlement of Honduras.
Sir Charles Bagot. —The remains of this
lamented gentleman arrived at this port on
Thursday, in her Majesty’s steamer Monkey,
from Falmouth, where they were taken from the
Warspile. We understand that the remains of
Sir Charles are to be deposited in the family
vault in Staffordshire.
The French police have been actively en
gaged in endeavoring to discover who are the
Frenchmen said to have passed ovei to Ireland
io foment discontent, and to stir up the people to
resistance.
Royal MARaiAOE.-The marriage of her Roy
al Highness the Princess Augusta, el Jest daugh
ter of His Royal Highness thr Duke of Cam
bridge; with his Royai Highness Frederick He
reditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitt..,
was celebrated on Wednesday evening, with
greatsplendor, intheChapelßoyal Buckingham
Palace.
The subscription raising forMiss Martineau,
who so nobly refused the pension offered by the
late Government, now reaches the sum of£looo.
The serial transit machine, that excited so
much wonderment also, is about to be tried, by
means of a large model that is nearly ready, anil
is to be shown, it is said, by making trips Irom
end to end of the Adelaide Gallery.
On dit that Sir R. Peel has intimated to the
Bishop of London the settled determination ol
Government to put down the pusey movement,
and that w; shall shortly hear of the supersedeas
ing of bishops as well as magistrates.
The arrivals of cott dn at this port, during the
last few days, have been immense On Satur
day, upwards of twenty vessels laden with that
staple, reached the Mersey.
Ireland.
Reception of O ’Connel at Ennis! 700,008
Persons Assembi.eo. Tremendous Excite
ment and Enihus iasm !!—Mr. O’Conne: had a
demonstration at E.nnis, for the county of Clare,
on Thursday, the 15tii ult., and the meeting is
described is more numerous than any that pre
ceded it—the numbers are statec at 700,0110!
including about 6,600 horsemen, lhe cavalcade
ol cars extended from Ennis to Newmarket—six
miles. The preparations tor his reception were
most elaborate; at lhe entrance to the town" whole
trees were planted,” with triumphal arches across
tiit'. road, tuuitw an' I dcvicco.
The description of one device is worth trans
cribing.
“The next was a chain extended across, the
centre of which, was joined by a cord, and on a
green banner over it was inscribed:
“The Liberator of Ireland
Will cast asunder
The chain of slavery
We labor under !”
Here a man had token up his position with a
sword, with which, as the Liberator approach
ed, he cut the cord in the centre, and the chain
was shivered on both sides, amid the shouts
and acclamations ofthousands, that rent the air
for some minutes.
The meeting was held on the race ground,
and Mr. O’Connell ascended the platform, ac
companied by Mr. Tom Steele, Mr. Charles
O’Connell, “Councillor”, O'Leary, and three
French gentlemen. On the motion of Mr. H
Bridgman, M. P., and Justice of tne Peace, the
Chair was taken by Mr. Cornelius O’Brien, M.
P., and Jurtice of the Peace.
Mr. O’Connell, in his speech, said the mo nenl
he had 3,000,000 repealers, he would begin an
other career. They would have a Parliament.
Ireland should once more belong to Irishmen.
At the dinner, he said the British ministry
were divided on the Irish question—they would
not use coercive measures. He was certain ol
the fact, &c. &c.
A meeting at Athlone tin Sunday was held—
from 50,000 to 400,000, many ol them women;
and one writer says, that 100 priests were on the
ground. The gathering took place at Summer
iill. Before it, mass was said ir. the open air,
tor the benefit _f those w ho had left their distan.
iiomes too soon to attend morning service.—
There were two platforms, one for men, anothei
for women. The Chai’man was Lord French.
At the weekly Repeal meeting ot the Repeal
Association, on Monday, Mr.’O’Connell an
nounced that the Repeal rent for the week am
ounted to £3,103 7s s>d. The largest sum re
ceive 1 in one week by the Catholic Association
was £2,700, and that was during the height oi
the agitation tor the Clare election; in general,
VOL. VII.—NO. 30.
ae average ol the receipts cud not exceed £350.
In deleience to lhe auvice of Lord harnbam,
everal ol his triends and tenants have resolved
u discountenance tne usual Protestant and Or
.ngeanniversary ot July.
One ol U'Conaeli’s Repeal demonstrations
ook place at bkibcreen, on Thursday, the 22d
> une; which was oi tue usual character, both
.t the meeting and at the dinner. The Cork Kx
untner says, that it is impossible to give any
uing like ac rrect estimate ol lhe numbers
•resent, but afterwards calculates them to be be
tween 500,000 and 600,000.
M ucn was said of fair J ame* Graham’s speech
m the Arms Bill, which was construed to pro
claim the Irish a nation of perjurers ; it was hl
uded to both at the meeting and at tue dinner,
with a plentiful use ol the words “he lies.” At
.he meeting, Mr: Bhea Lalor said —
“1 say to him, and before you, he lies. (Ve
hement cheering.) He lies damnably, he li<ai—
ae lies insolently—and I wish to God 1 was in
.he House of Commons to tell him to his teeth,
“you lie.” (Prolonged cheering.) 1 am not
uke O’Connor Don —1 am not Ime the gentle
nan who is satisfied that he should be called a
perjurer, provided it be done in a gentlemanly
way. (dear, hear.) 1 say, then, before ims
enormous mass—l say before tne protestants as
well as catholics, for there are many protestants
.tere 1 have lhe honor of knowing, anutney will
near me out in what 1 have to say.—l say, then,
oelbre you all, Bir James Graham, “you lie.”
(Veuement cheering.)
Gala way was next taken possession of by the
Repealers, on Sunday, witn tne same style of
proceedings; Dr. Browne, the Bishop .oi Gala
way, taking an active pari. Lord French was
the chairman. At the dinner, about six hun
dred gentlemen sat down to the table in a pavil
ion specialty erected tor the purpose. Mr. O’-
Connell put the peaceable turn of his views
mote decidedly tnan he has yet done.
It is but ajonuight ago, when attending a
meeting at Mallow, that tnere came upon me
the maddening inlbr.' ation tnat tue country of
.ny birih was lureatened to be deluged with the
□food of her children. Watching during that
short period, with an eye ol eagerness, the evo
lutions ol our enemies, 1 now proclaim to you a
peipetual peace, and a struggle—merely in po
litical st rile—bloodless, stamiess, crimeless, up
on our pait—leaving to our enemy the paltry
resources only of a useless and unavailing re
sistance.
The repeal rent for the week announced at
the Monday meeting ol tne Association at the
Dublin Com Exchange, was 1,258 pounds.
Four more writs to supercede Irish justicesol
the peace are announced —Sir Valentiae Blake
tieiug one ol the dismissed.
The Overland Mali.
The following telegraphic despatch from Mar
seilles, announcing me receipt of intelligence
trotn Inaiaand China, dated June 30, reached
vVilmer and Smith’s oitieeyesterday. It u very
meagre, and may, like mat of last mom., pre
sent au incorrect outline of tne ue ws. But we
.nust patiently wait me arrival ot me despatch
es them .elves, which will, in all probability, be
formcoining to-morrow.
India and China —Telegraphic Despatch.
“Paris, July 1.
“ Marseilles, June 30—6 A.M.
“ .vaalta, j uue 25—6 P. M.
“The Consul of France to the Minister of
Foreign Affairs —
“ Pue approach oi tne monsoon having caus
ed the departure ol the Bombay mail ten dajS
sooner tnan usual, the packet nas j ust arrived
irom India to the 2Jtn ol May, and trotn China
to me 28th March. Trie former are confined to
some details of secon. ary interest on the situa
tion of Scttide, Knytul, and Bundelcuud, uhicti
are somewhat more tranquil.
“In China the state ol afl’airs continue* favor
able. Coloucl Malcolm had arrived on the I6ih
with the treaty, but it was teared that he death
of lhe Coinmissoner, Eleppoo, would cause a
longer delay in the imperial ratifications.”
China and India.
The despatches by the overland mail have
unexpectedly come to hand, in Scinde, Sir
Charles Napier, it is staled, has scotched lhe
sna ke —not Killed it. Stiere Mahomed, at lhe
date ofthe latest accounts, was again at me head
ota prMigiou- army ol belooehea, and had sent
a message to the old General, to me eftect that
having fought two battles for his coumry, he
wished to have a third tor religion. SirCoarlaa
Napier was making every effort to comply ef
fectively with this request.
The following abstract of the news contains
all that is interesting:—
The news from China extemls to the 28th of
March. Her Majesty’s steamer Vixen, with
me Secretary of Legation on board, had arrived
on the 16.h.' Some delay in the ratification of
the treaty was anticipated, in consequence of
the death of Eiopoo. The Plenipotentiary had
Commissioner on his way southward from
Pekin. Everthing continued quiet, and the il
feeling towards lhe English appeared to be aba-‘
ting at Canton.
Nothing of any note in lhe way of fighting had
occurred since our last—but another great attle
was looked for about the beginning of June.—
Shere Mahomed had managed to collect irom
the hills to the' westward, an army of 30,000
.Belooches, with 20 guns—these were posted in
a strong position near Hyderabad, so as to cut
otT the communication with Sukkar. It was
understood that Sir Charles Napier would go
out to meet ihern, so soon as reinforcements ar
rived sutficient to make up lor the loss of her
Majesty’s 22d and the Ist Grenadiers.
There seems some reason to expect disturb
ances in the Punjaub. Shere Sing has had a
paralytic stroke. Should this prove fatal to him,
the Governor General will probably discover
that the Kyber mountains constitute the limits
nature appears to nave assigned to us.
Bundlekund, Sangor, and the adjoining states
are still disturbed, but considerably less so than
at the date ol our last. All is quiet in Kytul.
The Governor General remains at Agra for
the present. India in General is tranquil and
contented.
Our Constantinople advices speak of the con
tinuance of hostile demonstrations on all sides,
but of no decided acts. Expectation, as to the
future centred in the approaching arrival ot Ba
ron Lieven.
From Alexandria the news is important, in
asmuch as the Pacha has publicly expressed his
intention of associating in the Government his
grandson Abbas, in consequence of his own age
and infirmities, and Ibrahim's being an invalid.
U nfortunately between Ibrahim and Abbas there
is a deadly feud, which, at the old man’s death,
may lead to civil war.
From Singapore*
By the arrival of the Montezuma, at Ware
ham, we have a file of the Free Press to March
Bth. It contains nothing of interest- The Free
Press of the 23d February has the following t
Tigers.—Four men, since our last, have
been taken off by the same tiger which killed a
convict on Wetnesday. A small tiger and ti
gress were killed on Monday. The tigers are
more than usually ferocious just now, in conse
quence of the extremely dry and hot weather we
nave had fur some time past. All the pools and
-mall streams in th- jungle having been dried
up, the tigers being unable to quench their thirst,
are forced to come into the neighborhood oi cul
tivated places, and in their, fury they attack the
first living object they see, most generally some
unfortunate wood-cutter, and their taste for hu
man blood having been once excited, they seek
every opportunity of gratifying it.
Drath of Judor Rowan.—Tie Louisville
.Journal of the 14th inst. says:—“We announce,
with no ordinary regret, that the Hon. John
Rowan died last evening, a little before sunset
He died ot cholera morbus, after a sickness ot
two or three days. His professional and politi
cal careei was a tong and brilliant one.”
Important from Mexico—Revolution in
ToBASCO.--By tne atrival of the schooner Robert
Centre, Capt. Sheppard, f rom Tobasco via Sisal
and Cam peachy, we are in possession of news
from the former port upto the 30th ult.
A short lime previous to the sailing of the
schooner, General Ssntmanat, Governor-Gen
eral of the Province of Tobasco, had revolted
against the General Government, and was at
the head of 600 men, preparing to make a stand
against lhe troops under Gener.il Ampudia,
wnich had been despatched against him. Sent
manat’s forces were daily increasing in num
bers, and it is supposed he would be joined by
a large number of the independent party in Yu
catan, who are not altogether pleased with the
late compact entered into by their own Govern
ment and Mexico.
Genet al Sentmanat, was formerly a resident
of this city, ana is son-in-law to one ot our oldest
and most respectable citizens.
General Joaquin G. Rebon and Cresemino
Jose Pinelo, the Commissioners appointed by
the Government ot Yucatan, left Campeachy
on board the steamship Regenerador, accompa
nied by the Secretary of the mission, Geronimo
del Castillo, for Vera Cruz, to meet the Com
missioners appointed by the Government of
Mexico, for the put pose of formings perma
nent treaty of peace between the two countries.
—2V. O. Bee of lhe 18 '4 inst.
S3-A son of the Hon. Chilton Allan, of Ken
tucky, has manifested strong indications of tal
ent as a sculptor. While pursuing his colle
.;iat: studies at Lexington, he produced a bust
of the Rev. Dr. Bascome, which is said to dis
play great genius.