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anb Sentinel.
AVGUSTA.
TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 10.
res rustaairr,
HENRY CLAY,
OF KENTUCKY:
<Tk« Farmer of Ashland—the Patriot and Philan
thropist—the American Statesman, and
anrivaled Orator of the age.”
"Let me not be misunderstood—and I entreat
that I man not be misbspressnted. lamNO T
adeecating the revival of a HIGH PROTEC
TIVE TARIFF. IAM FOR ABIDING
BY THE PRINCIPLES OF THE COM
PROMISE ACT. 1 am for ioing what no
Southern man of fair eandid mind ever yet de
nied—giving to the country a revenue which may
promde for the economical wants of the Govern
ment, and al the same time giving incidental pro
tection to our home industry.’’— Speech of Henry
Clay in the U. S. Senate, March 1, 1842.
Maryland Election.
The Baltimore American of Saturday morn,
ing says—We have now definite occounts from
all the counties in the State except four. In the
counties heard from, the Whigs have elected 33,
■ and the Locofocoes 35 delegates.
The counties yet to be heard from definitely
are Queen Anne’s, which last year sent two
Whigs and one Loco; Somerset, which sent two
Whigs and two Locos; Worcester, which sent
three Whigs and one Loco; and St. Mary’s,
which sent two Whigs and one Loco—making
fer these four counties, 9 W rigs and 5 Locos.
In regard to Queen Anne’s, all the districts
are heard from but Kent Island, and that the vote
is so close, that until Kent Island poll is receiv
ed, it is uncertain whether the Whigs have held
their own or lost a delegate.
The other three counties, Somerset, Worces
ter and St. Mary’s, are thoroughly Whig, and
ought to elect full Whig tickets in each. We
have a report that Somerset has done so. In
Worcester there was, we believe, no opposition
to the Whig ticket; and of the success of our
ticket in St. Mary’s we have not a doubt. In
the absence, however, of authentic returns, we
cannot make up an account of the final result
tor this morning’s paper.
The National Intelligencer of Saturday says :
—The following is the result in all the counties
of the State excepting two; 37 Whigs and 37
Loeotoeos.
Whig gain 12—Locofoco gain 5; nett Whig
gain 7, so far. Somerset and Worcester coun
ties only to be heard from, which last year gave
5 Whigs and 3 Locofocos. If they remain un
changed, the Whigs will have a majority on
joint ballot of six votes.
Loss OP THE STEAMER MISSOURI.—The offi.
eial account attributes the fire to the breaking
of a demijohn of spirits ot turpentine, over the
engine room.
JJ- Read Mr. Clay’s letter,to the editor cf
the Lagrange ‘“Herald.” What will the loco,
focos say now of his “high protective tariff
principles. “Oh shame, where is thy blush I”
A private note from Mr Cushing, dated at
Gibraltar, the 31st ol August, states that the loss
of the Missouri would not delay the time of his
arrival at Bombay, as he should proceed up the
Mediterranean, for Alexandria, in the British
steam packet of the 7th September.
The Mobile Advertiser ot the sth inst, says—
The Specie Basis appears to meet with univer.
sal lavor among buyers and sellers thus far, in
the city. Alabama currency, it is found, will
buy exactly the same amount of goods of any
description that it did before the change. The
only difference is in the change of terms by
which the value of goods and products is ex
pressed.
Unostentatious Grief.—Among the various
touching epitaphs and ornamental tributes to the
memory ot deceased relatives and friends, to be
found in Green Mount Cemetery, at Baltimore,
. there are two plain tablets of marble, each about
one foot square, lying loosely on newly sodded
graves on oneof which is inscribed, “Thisstone
marks the spot where lies my mother”—and on
the other, “Ihere resign to the hands ot Him who
gave it, my precious babe.”
for the Chronicle and Sentinel.
Mr. Editor—The question is now being
hourly reiterated, “ What will the Whigs do al
the next session of the Legislature?" The ques
tUn i. quins a natural one. The Whigs have
every thing their own way. They have trium
phantly elected the Governor of their choice;
they will have an overwhelming majority in the
House of Representatives, and in the Senate
the balance of power will also be in their favor.
This is the result of the recent elections, and
the result of the weariness and disgust which
was felt by the people for the reign and misrule
of Locofocoism.
To the question, what will the Whigs do at
the coming session of the Legislature! permit
me Io give an individual opinion as to what
they will do, in a few brief and summary an
swers.
First in importance, it is expected that they
will pass the reduction bill, or the bill to reduce
the legislative body to nearly one half its pre
sent number.
Secondly, that they will pass a bill to divide
the State into Congressional districts; and, in
utter contempt of the example of Locofoco le
gislatures throughout the country, it is confi
dently expected that they will repudiate the ger
rymandering system, and make a fair and
equitable subdivision of the State. It is not ex
pected, however, that such a course of conduct
will put Locotocoism to the blush. A blush is
an emblem of virtue and modesty.
Thirdly, that they will establish a Supreme
Court, whereby uniformity in our legal decis
ions may be obtained, and respectability insur
ed to our system of jurisprudence.
Fourthly, that they will prudently avoid all
extremes in reference to the State Rail Road,
and by no means entertain any proposition for
its sale or abandonment.
Fifthly, that they will wind up the affairs of
the Central Bank, and place them in liquidation.
Sixthly, that the Whigs will reduce their pay,
which the Democrats, at the last, long, tedious,
worthless session, increased to Jour dollars and a
half per diem, and to five dollars for every
' twenty miles; that by reducing their pay and
their numbers, they will be enabled to sustain
the honsr and integrity of the State:, without
imposing additional burdens upon the people.
Seventhly, that they will repeal the 'unjust and
oppressive law, passed by the Democrats at the
’ last session, in reference to Justice’s Courts.
Lastly, that they will entertain as little local
legislation as practicable; that they wi 11 despatch
the business of the State as soon as possible;
that they will not spend seven or eight thousand
dollars of the people’s money in idle efforts to in
struct Mr. Colquitt out of the Senate of the
United States.
These are the things tfhich the people ex-
■ pect cf the Whig Legislature of 1843. Let
them well and faithfully perform them, and they
will! be greeted, from one extremity of the
State to the other, with the cheering plaudits of,
"Well done thou good and faithful servants”—
and then they may adjourn, 'ringing, if they
please, a requiem over the grave of Locofoco
ism in Georgia. <1-
Dreadful Exrlobion. —The Albany Even
ing Journal of Wednesday says:—We learn
from a passenger who came up last night in the
steamboat South America that a powder mill,
at High Falls, about 7 miles west from Catskill,
was blown up yesterday afternoon about five
o’clock. There were six persons in the build
ing at the time of the explosion, all ot whom
were blown to atoms 1 Some 300 kegs of pow
der are said to have been in the mill when the
accident occurred. The foreman was indispos
ed, and the person having charge of the packing
and drying house, is supposed to have been in
toxicated. The report of the explosion excited
considerable alarm at Catskill, many persons
taking it for an earthquake.—A similar accident
occurred at this place three or four yeais ago,
when|four persons were killed.
Western Literature.— lt is gratifying to
perceive that the means of intellectual culture in
the West are keeping pace with the physical de
velopements of that interesting portion of our
country. Cincinnati, not long since, depended
entirely upon the East for her literature, paper,
blank-books, and books of every description.
Now there are in Cincinnati eight publishers,
who issue upwards of two hundred thousand vo
tagMS annually.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 11.
Maryland—All Right If
An Extra from ihe office of the Baltimore
American says—At length we have definite re
turns from all the counties in the State, and
they show that the Whig cause has succeeded
triumphantly. The result is that the Whigs
have elected 47 Delegates out of the 82, of
which the lower House consists, and have con
sequently a majority of twelve in that branch oi
the Legislature. In the Senate the Whig ma
jority is five. The Legislature being Whig in
both branches, the important objects are secured
of the election of an U. S. Senator for six
years, and an equitable division of the State
into Congressional Districts. Last year the
Locofoco majority in the House was twelve.
An Agricultural Treat.
Now that the excitement consequent upon the
late election has abated, and after having for so
long a periou feasted our readers upon matters
pertaining to politics, we present them to-day
with a repast as rare as it is interesting, in the
report of the great State Agricultural Fair of
New York, to which we invite the readers at
tention, for we have yet much in store tor him,
that is if poss.ble even more interesting, in the
shape of a great speech from that man of wnom
every American should feel justly proud, Dan
iel Webster. We speak now of Mr. Web
ster as a private American citizen, an intellec
tual giant of whom the world and particularly
Americans may boast, as one who reflects the
highest credit upon his species. Apart, howev
er, from the desire to lend a zest to our paper for
the variety, (not very great to-day) we have an
other and a higher object in the purpose of ex
citing among those of our readers who are en
gaged in the pursuit of agriculture a spirit of
emulation, which shall arouse them to like ef
forts in the great cause as those here so faithful
ly chronicled. It, therefore, the publication of
these proceedings shall have any influence in
producing a result so desirable, independent ot
the high gratificatioiFwhich the perusal may af
ford, the reader will have much cause to rejoice;
tor whatever pursuit may command his physi
cal and intellectual energies, his interests are so
intimately and so indissolubly identified with
the interest of the planter, that he c annot and
should not be indifferent upon any subject which
so materially and vitally eflects them.
From the Lagrange Herald.
Letter from Mr. Clay.
The following letter from the Hon. Henry
Clay to us, is in reply to certain interrogatories,
profounded by us in a letter dated August 22,
1843, a copy of which u we insert below.
A portion of our letter was dictated (or, at
least a request was made, and the questions
written out,) by one of the most prominent dem
ocrats in Georgia; so far, as relates to the first
two questions.
Tne views of Mr. Clay meet our most hearty
approbation—they are, indeed, the very sine qua
non of our principles.
We hope those of our friends, who have, in
private conversation, pledged themselves to us
to support the Whig party, provided an answer
irom Mr, Clay should be received—and which
answer should be repugnant to a high Protec
tive Tariff—will not forget their promises when
they read this letter.
Let every democrat read the letter—and let it
not be charged upon us any more, that we are
"high Protective Tariff’ men.
The letter of Mr. Clay, dated 13th September
last, did not reach us until the 3rd inst.
Lagrange, Ga., Aug. 22,1843.
Dear Sir:—Permit me, though a stranger, to
propound a few important questions to you rela
tive to your present views, independent of what
they may have been heretofore.
1 request your attention, particularly, because
I have contracted fur, and am about to estab.ish
a press, &c., and contemplate publishing a news
paper here to be styled “The LaGrange Her
ald.” Likewise, a Clay Club has been organ
ized, consisting of a large number of our citi
zens. Besides, the arduous duties of the Edito
rial Department will devolve upon me in its
commencement, and 1 desire to know precisely,
in what manner I am to meet Democracy in
their numerous modes of attack.
Please state if your views of the Protective
policy of 1832 have undergone any modification,
and to what extent! And would you, if you
had it in your power, go lor a bill as protective
in its principles as the Tariff Act of 1832 ?
Please state your present convictions, with
respect to a Tariff! What the extent of your
Tariff measures are, &c.7
With most profound respect, I am, dear sir,
your obedient servant.
F. S. BRONSON.
Hon. H. Clay, Ashland, Ky.
Ashland, September 13, 1843.
Dear Sir:—l received your favor, addressing
some inquiries to me, in respect to the policy of
protecting American interests. On that sub
ject I have very frequently publicly expressed
my sentiments, within the last two years. In
the Senate of the United States, early last year,
I fully expressed my views, and what I said was
published. About the same time, I communi
cated them in the answer which I transmitted to
a letter, addressed to me, by a Committee of the
Legislature of New York, which was also pub
lished. I again expressed my opinion, in reply
to a letter which I received from a fellow citizen
of Philadelphia, requesting me to state the prin
ciples of the Whig party. A statement of them
as understood by me, was accordingly made,
and it is now conspicuously published at the
head of many newspapers. The last expres
sion of my opinion is contained in a letter which
I recently addressed to Nashville, and of which
I now transmit you a copy. If you had seen
these various expressions of the opinions which
I hold on the subject of your letter, I presume
you would not have deemed it necessary to ad
dress me.
The sum and substance of what I conceive
to be the true policy of the United States, in re
spect to a Tariff, may be briefly stated. In con
formity with the principle announced in the
compromise act, I think, that whatever revenue
is necessary to an economical and honest ad
ministration of the General Government, ought
to be derived from duties, imposed on Foreign
imports. And I believe that, in establishing a
Tariff of those duties, such a discrimination
ought to be made, as will incidentally afford rea
sonable protection to our national interests.
1 think there is no danger ot a high tariffbe
ing ever established; that of 1828 was eminently
deserving that denomination. I was not in
Congress when it passed, and did not vote for
it: but, with its history, and with the circum
stances which gave birth to it, 1 am well ac
quainted. They were highly discreditable to
American legislation, and I hope for its honor,
will never be again repeated.
Alter my return to Congress in 1831, my ef
forts were directed to the modification and re
duction of the rates of duty contained in the act
of 1828. The act of 1832 greatly reduced and
modified them; and the act of 1833, commonly
called the compromise act, still further reduced
and modified them. The act which passed at
the Extra Session of 1841, which I supported,
was confined to the free articles. I had resign
ed my seat in the Senate when the act of 1842
passed. Generally, the duties which it impos
es, are lower than those in the act of 1832.
And without intending to express any opinion
upon every item of this last tariff, I would say,
that I think the provisions, in the main, are wise
and proper. If there be any excesses or defects
in it, (ot which I have have not the means of
judging) they ought to be corrected.
My opinion, that there is no danger hereafter
of a High Tariff, is founded on the gratifying
tact, that our manufactures have now taken a
deep root. In their infancy, they needed a great
er measure of protection; but, as they grow and
advance, they acquire strength and stability,
and, consequently, will require less protection’
Even now, some branches ot them are able to
maintain, in distant markets, successful compe
tition with rival foreign manufactures.
Hoping that this letter may be satisfactory to
you, and afford all the inlormation you desire
and tendering my grateful acknowledgements
for the friendly feelings and sentiments enter
tained by you towards me.
I am, with great respect,
your obedient servant,
H. CLAY.
F. S. Bronson.
Correspondence of fAe BaUimore Patriot.
Philadelphia, October 5, P. M.
The European news per British Steamer at
Boston has, as far as I can perceive, had but lit
tle effect upon our market: Flour and Cotton
are both held. I think, somewhat firmer, but no
advance in price is as yet perceptible.
Firs.—The machine for the manufacture of
bricks in the yard of Messrs. Harper & Son, near
the United States Arsenal, was destroyed by fire
about three o’clock this morning.
Factory Burnt.—The extensive calico facto
ry of Mr. McGregor, known as the “Caledonia
Print Works,” situate on the Pequessing Creek,
in Bucks county, just on the line between Bucks
and Philadelphia counties, with a large amount
of stock, was entirely destroyed by fire yesterday
morning, about four o’clock.' We learn that there
was an insurance on ths stock, but none upon the
buildings.
New York, Thursday, P. M.
There was a little better feeling at the Stock
Exchange this morning, and prices were well
sustained. United States and New York securi
ties are in active demand.
Bills of Foreign Exchange are scarce, and the
market firm at 109 J a 109 J on London, and 5,25 a
5,23} on Paris.
Cotton is dull, and prices }c per lb lower than
they were before the receipt of the advices per
Acadia.
Flour is heavy. Sales of Genesee, Ohio and
Michigan, were made to-day at 14,37, with a few
parcels *t 4,44.
THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 12.
The Foreign News.
In our paper of this morning, will be found the
accounts per the Great Western. The news is
of little importance save the commercial intel
ligence, from which we make copious extracts.
Our acknowledgements are due to the Editors
of the New York Express fora copy of Wilmer
and Smith’s Times.
Election Returns.
We have received returns for Governor and
Members of Congress from 84 counties, which
sum up thus:—
Crawford 37,490
Cooper 33,322
Crawford’s majority 4,168
Nine counties remain to be heard from, viz:
Dooly, Emanuel, Irwin, Liberty, Lowndes,
Montgomery, Rabun, Telfair and Ware, which
gave a Locofoco majority in 1841 0f955. Craw
ford’s majority will probably reach 3500. The
majority tor the Whig congressional ticket will
fall very little, if any thing, short of that for
Governor.
In the Legislature, we have the names of those
elected from 85 counties, in which the Whigs
have elected fifty-one Sena.ors, and calculate
certainly on one more from Montgomery coun
ty, which is yet to hear from, which will give
us a majority in the Senate of eleven. In the
House, the Whig majority is overwhelming.
The Epidemic.—The N. O. Picayune of the
6th inst. says—We feel ourselves called upon to
repeat again our admonition to strangers and
persons who are not acclimated: Keep out of the
city. The epidemic is malignantly rife among
us, dragging to the grave, with fearful speed,
most of those on whom it lays its prostrating
hand. We say not this to alarm the present,
but to caution the absent. The changing sea
son will soon neutralize the virus of the fever;
till then, all who hold life in account will keep
away from New Orleans.
The Southern Literary Messenger.-Tlic
October number is received, well stored with
instructive and entertaining matter.
Jj-Marshal Bertrand arrived at Nashville
on the 29th ultimo. After spending a few hours
at the City Eotel, where he was waited upon
by a large number of citizens, he proceeded to
the Hermitage to visit General Jackson.
Terms of Endearment.—Uncle Moses is
particular in his counsels to Lem to beware of
the women. He says he tried to court up one,
and she called him all sorts of foul names. Lem
inquired what those foul names might be.—
“Duck, and chicky and such,” replied the bach
elor, swelling up.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
arrival ° F ™ E
STEAMER GREAT WESTERN.
Four Days Later from Europe.
From the N. Y. American of the 7th inst.
The Great Western arrived this morning at
Hi o’clock. We are indebted to Capt. Hos
ken, for our files of the latest papers. The
Western has over 100 passengers, and has made
her passage in less than fourteen days.
We find but little news of interests except the
general improvement in business, accounts of
which will be found under the proper head.
A large body of Police left Lontton on Tues
day, for South Wales.
On the sth inst. nearly 1000 houses were re
duced to ashes at Stuchlweissenburg, Hungary.
The manager of the Carlisle Bank has ab
sconded, and left an overdrawn account of
£2544.
A letter from Amsterdam states that pauper
ism was really frightful in Holland.
It is supposed in well informed quarters, that
Mrs Gilmour will not be convicted.
The Parisians were much mortified that Qn.
Victoria did not visit Paris.
The troubles in South Wales continue with
unabated vigor.
The Royal Mail Steamer Dee arrived at Fal
mouth the 19th.
The Queen of Englahd, from a delightful trip
to Belgium, has returned to her island home,af
ter an absence of nine days.
COMMERCIAL SUMMARY.
At the present moment speculators in Cotton
evince a disposition to draw in, while the de
mand Irom the trade is both uniform and large.
The latter buy with confidence, and the state ot
the trade shows a healthy feeling of activity,
greater than has been exhibited for a long pej
nod. Freights to America by the transient
ships have been low of late, though a slight
improvement has been visible during the last
few weeks. All the transient vessels to New
Orleans, Boston, and New York, have been
chartered by good parties, but the goods offering
have not been numerous.
The corn market of late exhibited more firm
ness, and an advance of a penny or two pence
per bushel has taken place. A great breadth of
wheat has been sown this year, and the harvest
has been tolerably good; but as ire do not raise
enough tor the support of our own population,
and as an import becomes indispensable, the im
proved feeling of the market may be attributed
to that cause, combined with the yield of the
new not being equal to expectation.' It is very
probable, therefore, that a considerable quantity
of flour may find its way from Canada, through
the act of last session. During the last few days an
immense quantity of flour has been released from
bond at the duty of 14s per qr., which, at the pre
sent price of the market would render the impoj
tation of Ganadianflour a profitable speculation.
—The weather continues very fine—the finest
indeed, for the season, which has been known
lor years—and where the harvest has not been
already gathered, the weather has materially
aided the operation.
The new Government of Spain has issued its
manifesto, to the nation. It is a long document
beginning with the late melancholy events at
Barcelona; and, while professing to treat of the
principle of representative government, attacks
the central junta with great bitterness. This
manifesto, to which the names of the ministry arc
is attached, like a heavy load ot canvass, covers
a rotten hull, but real stability is wanting.
No tidings yet of the long missing Indian mail
It is now more than a fortnight, nearly three
weeks beyond its time; and in addition to the
alarm which prevails on this subject Commerce,
by the interruption ot the communication, sus
tains a serious injury. This is felt the more
acutely since our trade with the East has been
of late increasing to a great extent.—lb.
Spain.—lntelligence from Madrid to the 12th
inst. shows that the Government are anticipat
ing an outbreak in the capital. A proclamation
had been issued by the political chief, enjoining
every citizen who shall have received any arms,
ammunition, or military stores of any kind, to
give them up to the Provisional Government
within the space of forty-eight hours, taking a
receipt for the same.
Later accounts, which come up to the 16th,
state, that the elections at Madrid began on that
day. The opposition had gained seven of the
bureaus out of twelve, but the total of the suf
frages on the first day were in favor of the Par
liamentary party. Madrid was tranquil on the
16th. According to the latest intelligence re
ceived, the other provinces were tranquil, with
the exception of Catalonia.
The Gazette distinctly contradicts the report
that the Government had demanded the assist
ance and intervention ot France.
Italy.
Bologna, Sept. 8.
We are here again in a state of agitaiion,
Some time since the Government announced
that the insurgents were beaten and dispersed;
but, on the 3d, it was ascertained that they had
re-assembled in the mountains of Calderind,
Savigno, and Vergaro. It appears that the pro
posals had not been accepted, and that the guer
illas have returned to their former position,
where they have a great number of partisans-
Letters received from Rome are not of a more
tranquilizing description. Revolutionary pro
clamations to a great extent have been distribu
ted among the people. We are assm ed that the
Cardinal Toffi, the treasurer, has tendered his
resignation, but that it has not been accented bv
the Pope. ’’
„ , , „ Naples, Sept. 9.
Y esterday the fete of the Madonna di Piedi
grotta was celebrated. There was no disturb
ances, but 'he government arrested several per
sons, in fear ot a movement. It is said at Na
ples that two guerillas had shown themselves in
the Abruzzi, and that four battalions were about
to be sent into that province.
Tt’RKEY.-The advices from Constantinople
are to the 26th of August. Al uding to the de
liberations of the Servian people, on the propri
ety of acceding to the last most unreasonable
demands of Russia that Wutsichand Abraham
Petroniewitch should be expelled, a letter writer
seys:
The imperious tone assumed by Baron Liev
en, the threat of occupying the province with a
force of from 20,000 to 25,000, with, if not the
co-operation at least the approval of Austria,
along with thedespair of suppoit tom anv other
quarter, produced the effect desired by Russia,
and foreseen by her rivals, and Baron Lieven is
now de facto Governor of Servia. This con
summation has excited a slight sensation here.
Another Aportacy to Rome.—We can state
it as a fact, that the Rev. Daniel Parsons, curate
of Marden, Wilts, long known as a tractarian,
has seceded to the church of Rome. Private
reasons will for the present prevent his becom-
ing a priest; but he is to assume, as we are in
formed, the office of teacher in some Catholic
establishment.
The Steam-ship Hibernia.—We understand
the berths in the steamship Hibernia, to sail
hence Halifax and Boston cn the 4th October,
are now all engaged.
State of Trade.
Blackburn. —The demand lor fine Cambrics
at good prices have improved, and operatives are
fully employed.
Leicester.—ln Wools there has been a de
cided improvement, and some American orders
have been received, the trade has improved, but
prices have not as yet.
Manchester. —There has been more in
quiries for Cloth this week, the calico printers
are employed on the U. S. orders.
Rochdale. —A good market this week, the
higher prices have however limited the trade.
Staffordshire. —Great improvements con
tinue in the iron trade.
Sheffield—A decided improvement in all
the branches of our staple manufactured; in
Yorkshire and Lancashire the machine makers
are very busy.
Things that have been seen.—A writer in
the Prairie Farmer has seen some curious
things. We select the following:
I have seen farmers that went to the store oft
ener than they went to mill.
I have seen a farmer’s wile take the last
twenty bushels of wheat from the granary to
purchase a new dress, when her husband at the
same time had an execution standing against
him.
I have seen farmers that could go twenty miles
to a political meeting, but would not go five to
an agricultural one.
I have seen farmers that had but little except
“dog fence,” but I could not see that they had
better crops than those that had good rail or
board fence.
I have seen farmers that burned their straw
when threshing their grain in the fall, and go
begging the same article before spring to keep
their stock alive.
I have seen a farmer that travelled one hun
dred and four miles in the course of a year to
use his neighbors grindstone, when two days’
labor would purchase one that would last ten
years.
I have seen young men that could pay ten
dollars for a “spree,” that would not pay one
dollar for the Prairie Farmer.
I have seen a mother that called her child a
“brat” in the cradle, and in two years the child
called her a harder name.
1 have seen a farmer in Illinois that cut down
thrifty saplings in his door yard, and then set
out others in their place that would require ten
years growth ere they would present the same
beautiful appearance.
1 have seen farmers that would carry their
produce fifty miles to market, when they could
sell it at their own doors for the same price.
I have seen many farmers that would drink
slough water and have the ague six months,
when four days labor would dig a good well.
From the Charleston Courier.
Marion, the Swamp Fox.
Williamsburg, Aug. 28.
Gentlemen—Having observed for some time
past, a disposition on the part of the newspa
pers and periodicals of the State, to collect all
the information connected in any way with the
florious revolutionary struggle of our country,
have thought it not amiss to send you a short
sketch of one of the most interesting spots to be
found any where within the limits of Carolina.
It may not be known to all of your readers,
that of the many victories achieved by the val
orous Marion, the one won at Black Mingo, in
Williamsburg District, was ot the most impor
tance. After the fall of Charleston, the British,
as you are well aware, held an undivided sway
over our State. Those of the whigs who were
unwilling to join the royal forces, were compell
ed either to yield passive obedience or put them
selves under the protection of their Northern
allies. The chivalrous Marion had himself to
fly before the insolent Briton. He left alone,
with the determination of never returning, un
less he eould bring with him a sufficient force
to meet his foe.
In North Carolina he met Gen. Gates, at the
head of a large but inefficient army, hastening
to the relief of the South. With this army he
iound many of the best whigs of Williams
burgh, who had proceeded him. The day before
the battle of Camden, he was despatched with
the Williamsburgh troop, thirty in number, to
destroy the boats on the Santee River, with the
view of intercepting the retreat oi Lord Corn
wallis, so certain was the unfortunate Gates of
success. While engaged at this business, the
news of the disastrous defeat of the hero of Sa
ratoga reached him, and at the same time he
heard of the approach of the American prison
ers under a guard of one hundred and ninety
soldiers. Although his disadvantage in point
of numbers was so great, yet he had the courage
to attempt the libeiation of his countrymen.—
After a forced and rapid march, he reached Nel
son’s Ferry in time to effect his praiseworthy
purpose. The guard, unconscious of danger,
had, after a night of giee and revelry, fallen
soundly to sleep.
Their movements had been closely watched,
and scarce had the first glimpse of day made its
appearance, when they found themselves in the
paws of the Swamp Fox. In less than forty
eight hours after this gallant action, he fought
and conquered with his bold and daring band, a
strong party of tories at Black Mingo. At a
late hour in the night he stole upon their camp,
and but for the barking of a dog, would have
captured the whole gang. The alarm was giv
en, and they sprang to their arms in an instant.
The roll of musketry was heard, and Mingo
Swamp reverberated with the hoarse din of bat
tle. The conflict was short but bloody. The
tories were completely routed, leaving a large
number of killed and wounded on the field. —
Marion’s loss was trifling—one killed and four
wounded. The great mass of the present pop
ulation of Williamsburg have sprung from
those brave men. She has much to be proud
of, when we consider the circumstances under
which this battle was fought. Our admiration
surpasses our astonishment that thirty uian
should conceive the daring idea of contesting a
point already yielded, and maintaining their
ground amid all the difficulties surrounding
them. It was indeed most miraculous. From
this period may we date the success of Francis
Marion. He never afterwards surrendered to
his enemies one inch of territory. Hundreds,
who had up to this time seen no possible chance
for opposition, now rallied around his standard.
Weems has given this affair a passing notice,
without attributing to it any beneficial result.
Over this consecrated ground there has recently
been built a very splendid church, erected at the
sole expense of Mr. Cleland Belin. This
worthv gentleman could not have selected a
more fit offering for the altar of patriotism.—
Here may the ardent youth repair and drink of
the inspiration of freedom. Here will the zeal
ous preacher, in after ages, pour forth with deep
and devotional feeling, the praise of ti at God
who watched over the heroes of Black Mingo.
Mr. Belin has been lor twenty years the solitary
tenant of this once prosperous, but now desert
ed village. His hospitable mansion has ever
been open to those whose curiosity prompted
them thither. Long may he continue in the en
joyment of that hospitality. M’Donald.
Decoy Ducks.
We commend the following startling disclo
sures to the most serious consideration of al
interested in the morality and good order oi the
community—especially to the merchants, who
surely cannot be unaware how deeply it con
cerns their pecuniary interests:
Decoy Ducks. —W’e have it from [the most
unquestionable authority, that a young man out
of employment, poor, but very respectably con
nected, and having a large circle of acquain
tances, both in the city and on the neighbouring
islands,(was oflered a salary of JiG'JO a year, to
gether with bis board at any hotel which he
might select, and bis tailor’s bill paid—provided
he would act as a tUanj to one of the Gambling
establishments in the city. But as he declined
the tempting bait, it is very probable that some
other person, with less scruples of conscience,
and moral principles to overcome, has sold him
self to the same piratical gang. And many a
green one —a planter, or the son of a planter—
a merchant, or the clerk of a merchant—may be
caught in the meshes thus laid for their feet.
We also learn from the same source, that simi
lar establishments are numerous; and that they
are frequented by persons who are not suspected
of having any gambling propensities. One of
these was lately caught, and under the excite
ment of stimulating drink, played deeper than
his purse and for the deficit, gave his note tor
SIOO. When he had lairly come to himself, he
resolved that he would not pay the note, and re
turned to the establishment where he announced
the resolution. Whereupon the note was at once
produced, and torn up before him; and he warn
ed never again to appear in the establishment.
The effect was wonderful. Poofman, he had for
feited his honor. The gamblers by profession,
were themselves far superior to him in noble
ness of soul—and he was thus thrown in that
condition which was bordering upon lunacy;
and it was with difficulty that he could be
prevented from laying violent hands upon him
self. The money, of course, was paid, though
his honest creditors, or his family, may have
been the sufferers.
We give these incidents as warnings. And
as this city is becoming more and more the ren
dezvous of gamblers, it is quite time that some
decided stand should be taken to abate the nu -
sance. The number of them are variously es
timated at from one hundred to three hundred;
and including all that are in their employ, de
coys, shavers, and the like—the last estimate is
not perhaps any too large.— Charleston Ohs,
To prevent worms and bugs from des
troying cabbages.—Mr. William Putnam, of
Methuen, tells us he soaks his cabbage seed in
brimstone and soot to keep the worms from the
roots. He says that h! has good cabbages when
others have nothing but pork for the boiler. He
saj's any one can raise the Early York, but it re
quires more atlention to raise the Drumbead.
He recommends coal-dust for vines of all
kinds—even cinders from the forge where seaj
coal is burned. He spreads his coal-dust on the
ground, and he says the squash bug and the yel
low bug are so much ofiended with such pro
ceedings that they fly away.—jtffjss. f’liqcman.
From the Central New York Farmer.
CATTLE SHOW AND FAIR OF THE N. Y. STATE
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Rochester, September 19th, 1843.
We arrired in Rochester on Monday, and
found her citizens spiritedly engaged in making
the necessary arrangements for the Fair, which
is to be held here to-morrow and next day,
(Wednesday and Thursday,) and which promi
ses to be one of the most brilliant exhibitions of
the kind, which has ever been witnessed in the
State. We intend to give a full report of the
proceedings, and for the purpose of laying it be
fore the readers of the Farmer at the earliest
possible time, shall give the doings ot each day
separately, and forward to the Printer, so that
the paper may be issued immediately after the
close of the exhibition. To-day (Tuesday) has
been devoted entirely to the reception and ar
rangement of articles" for exhibition. Although
many articles will doubtless be brought on to
morrow, there are enough already presented, to
make the exhibition entirely creditable to the
Society a:id to the farmers of New York. Os
Ploughs there is a great variety and from every
partot the State. We have noticed those from
Mr. Chase, of Amsterdam, Mr. Avery, of Ox
ford, Tetft, of Amherst, Erie Co., Stanford and
others, ot Rochester, Miner, of Peekskill, Dela
no, of Mottville, Madison Co., Davis, of Wa
terloo, Bostwick, of New York, Burrall, of Ge
neva, Vanbrocken, of Niagara Co., and Hall, of
Pennsylvania. Mr. Wilson, of Vernon, Onei
da Co., has also arrived with a plough which is
not yet on the ground. In this department there
is a deep interest, and the manufacturers look
for a fair and full trial. Os other implements
there is a pretty good exhibition —such as
Threshing Machines, Cultivators, Seed Sow
ers, Horse Rakes; and Mr. Burrall, of Geneva,
has brought on a Clover Mill, which is, we be
lieve, the only one on the ground. Last year,
the exhibition of Straw Cutters was very great;
but we have, to-day, seen only one on the ground,
and that made in this city. In the line of do
mestic articles, we should judge, from the en
tries made, that the show would be respectab e,
while in fruits and flowers, it will fall far short
of the last year’s exhibition at Albany. A
great proportion of the counties are represented
by productions of female skill and industry, and
many of the ladies have come on in person, to
attend the Fair. Os stack, although many ani
mals are entered, more will be brought on to
morrow morning, and although the show will
not be la^ey et Western New York will show
some fidHrnimals. There will be no animals
from ihecofinties east of Oneida, except a Bull
from the herd of Mr. Crosby, of Albany Co.—
In this we are disappointed, and can hardly ex
cuse the breeders in the River Counties for neg
lecting to contribute something to the show.
The Show Yard is well fitted up, on a piece
of dry ground about a mile from the city, and
fenced so as to prevent ingress and egress, ex
cept at the gates. The arrangement of the pens,
&c., is nearly the same as last year. The city
is already full to overflowing, so that persons
who arrived this evening, find considerable dif
ficulty in obtaining rooms. What will be done
with those who arrive to-morrow, we know not,
but the citizens and Committee of Arrange
ments are making every exertion to accommo
date all who may arrive. The train of cars
from the west came crowded, while two heavy
trains came from the east this evening—and yet
of those who will be in attendance, not one half
are yet here. To-morrow will show a greater
number ofpersons than ever before collecte I in
thisbeautiful city. The firm and tried friends
of the Society are here—such men as Messrs.
Wadsworth, Tucker, Van Bergen, Doct. Beek
man, Sacket, Randall, and a host of others,
whose names we might mention. From other
States, are Mr. Jewet, of Vermont, Mr. Fergu
son, and other gentlemen, from Canada, &c.—
Mr. Van Buren and Gov. Bouck came in the
evening cars.
i Wednesday, September 20.
This has been one of the most interesting and
brilliant days ever witnessed in New York. —
The collection ot strangers is estimated at full
twenty thousand, and equals, if it does not ex
ceed the attendance last year al Albany. A
great numlier have arrived from different parts
of the Union, among whom we notice Messrs.
Merriam and Phelps, and several other gentle
men from Boston, Mr. Kirkland, Secretary of
Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden Society in
Massachusetts, besides several distinguished
individuals, residents oi our own State. Early
in the morning, I he foot and carriage way in ev
ery part of the city, were crowded, and before
nine o’clock, State st., from Buffalo st. to the
Show ground, a distance of more than a mile,
presented one continued mass ofpersons crowd
ing their way to the yard. The rush at the
gates was so great as to prevent our entrance
for a short time, and when we found ourselves
inside the gates, th? whole field of twelve acres
was crowded with spectators. The interest
does not seem to have abated in the least during
the day, and all seemed highly delighted witn
the exhibition. Os stock the number was very
great, and among them some splendid animals,
although in point of quality, it is doubted wheth
r this would compare with last year’s show.—
Messrs. Sherwood, Wadsworth, Remsen, Alex
ander, Allen, &c., are here with considerable
herds, and a great number of individuals with
one or more animals. The show of horses is
decidedly superior to either of the previous ones,
both in value and numbers, and we think in this
respect, Western New York has done herself
great credit Os sheep, we saw but tew in the
pens, but these were of all breeds, and among
them some tat sheep very superior. Mr. Fris
bie, ol Vernon, in our county, has some fine
Saxons, although they have suffered much from
the journey. We !iad supposed that amongthe
many fine things of which Western New York
boast, she must be famous for pigs, but to our
astonishment, but very few of them have con
descended to pay their respects to the citizens of
Rochester, ttl this thne. Some ot these, howev
er, are fine pigs and seemed to enjoy the occa
sion belter than the gentlemen who had called
to make their acquaintance, for most ofthem
were quietly enjoying their repose, from which
they were only aroused by a thump from the
cane or foot of some member oi the committee.
If the admirers at beauty in swine will attend
the Oneida County Fair, we will show them an
exhibition lar greater than that al the State Fair.
The mec'ianics have, however, done themselves
full justice, by bringing a great variety of im
plements of almost every description, and some
ot them got up in a superior style of workman
ship. We thought the articles entered yester
day, were very numerous, but more have been
brought on to-day, making a very great variety
in all. Ploughs, Straw Cutters, Fanning Mills,
Threshing Machines, Smut Machines, Har
rows, Cultivators, with all the various articles
used on the farm, and in the garden, are exhib
ited in great numbers. The Ladies on this oc
casion, as on all others oi a public nature, have
done their full share to interest the thousands of
spectators. Almost every variety of articles of
Ladies’ manulacture, was presented, but we had
very little opportunity ol examining the speci
mens, as we were unwilling to submit long to
the pressure to which we were subjected in the
crowd.
Fruits, flowers, and vegetables were here in
considerable quantities, and some ofthem were
fine specimens, but the drought has been so se
vere in this region, as to prevent full justice be
ing done to this department. A beautilul spe
cimen of Grapes, presented by Capt. Mervine,
of Utica, attracted our attention, and did not suf
fer in comparison with specimens raised in this
region of fruit.—On the whole, we think the
show a good oae, and highly creditable to the
Society and to the citizens of ihe State. A
large amount of money has been received at the
gate for admittance, (one shi.ling each for per
sonsnot members,) and a great number have en
ured their names as members of the Society, so
that we should judge that the treasury would hold
out pretty well. Although in consequence of
the great number endeavoring to gain admit
tance, there was some confusion at the gates;
the whole day has passed off without disorder,
and all seem to be highly pleased with the do
ings. The most amusing incident we have seen
was when Mr. Van Buren attem; ted to view the
stock. The attention ot the crowd seemed to be
at once directed to the Ex-President, rather than
the stock, and all at once the whole army seem
ed to be moving in the direction in which he
was going. The ciowd became so great that
he was compelled to leave the yard and proceed
to his rooms at the Eagle. This will perhaps
be attributed bv some, to his great popularity,
but we could not see but the Whigs were fully
up to the Locofocos, in the chase after the “Far
mer of Kinderhook.”
The Agricultural Supper, at the Rail Road
Depot, has just adjourned. This was expected
to be a great affair, and if the number ofpersons
in attendance is to be taken as the criterion, it
was so. We have already bestowed commend
ations upon the citizens of Western New York,
but we must be permitted to say that the arrange
ments for this great festival were badly planned,
or what is worse, poorly executed. A lew min
utes before seven o’clock, (the hour of admit
tance,) a dense crowd had gathered in front of
the building, composed ot persons having tick
ets and thJse having none, so that during the
fifteen minutes which elapsed before the doors
were opened, we were crowded almost to suffo
cation, and it was with the greatest difficulty
that an entrance was gained after the doors were
opened. Had a suitable police been in attend
ance, order and quiet might have reigned where
all was confusion and disorder.
Os the supper, we shall say nothing, as eat
ing was not so much the object as to hear the
distinguished individuals who were expected to
address the farmers on so important an occasion.
Just as the eating was over, the eastern train
of cars came puffing into the dining room,
bringing a great number of passengers, and
among them, Hon. Daniel Webster. The
cheering as the cars entered, was almost deafen
ing, and it was some time before order was re
stored. Speeches were made by the President
of the Society, Mr. Wadsworth, Mr. Van Bu
ren, Mr. Granger, Mr. Leland, Mr. Webster,
Mr’Ferguson ot Canada, and others, some of
which were heard, but with the cheers, breaking
down ol seats and tables, and the crowd to get
within hearing distance, not one half of those
present were able to hear even a portion of the
remarks. We areaware that in the great labor
attendant upon the getting up of such a supper,
it is very difficult to avoid contusion, but we do
insist that there is no cause for the entire want
of system and of order, which characterized the
occasion of which we have been speaking.—
We have seen here much, very much, of which.
in common with every citizen ot New York,
we were justly proud, but we will not attempt to
conceal the deep mortification to which we were
subjected on account of the very discreditable
manner in which the whole affair at the Depot
passed off. None would welcome more cordial
ly than ourselves the distinguished men of this
and other States, to the fanners’ ever hospitable
board, but we hope for the credit of the State
and of her noble Agricultural Society, that such
proceedings will not again be repeated.
We give a sketch of the remarks at the table.
The President of the Society, Mr. Wadsworth,
made a brief address, alluding to the success
which had attended the efforts of the Society.
In the course of his remarks, he alluded to the
election of a farmer Governor for the Slate of
New York—saying that our Society should be
proud that a farmer had been found worthy of
being elected. He regretted the absence of Gov.
Bouck, who was prevented by indisposition
from being present. Mr. Wadsworth also allu
ded to many distinguished men of our country,
who had retired from the toils and bustle of po
litical life, to the qutet and peaceful pursuits ot
agriculture, and among others he alluded to Ex-
President Van Buren, who was present at the
table, as an invited guest.
Mr. Van Buren being called upon, rose and
oppressed his gratitude for the respect which had
been shown him—first to those who did him the
honor to solicit his attendance, and next to the
audience, for the kind and cordial feelings which
had greeted his appearance among them.
He spoke highly of the exhibition which he
had witnessed during the day—and although his
expectations had been highly raised, the reality
tar exceeded his highest anticipations.
He alluded to his own experience for the two
last years, which he had devoted to the cultiva
tion of his farm, and which had proved to him
the happiest years of his lite. He gave an ac
count of his expel iments upon his farm, show
ing that he had profited by the experience of
others, as his farm, which two years since did
not produce a supply for his own use, the pre
sent season yielded him a surplus of eighty
tons of hay. He closed with some very appro
priate remarks in addition, and was loudly
cheered as he sat down.
Judge Leland,ot Steuben Co., followed with a
few remarks, in which he spoke much in praise
ot the farmer, and concluded by giving as a sen
timent— Gov. Bouck. It is a credit to the Far
mers ot New York, that they have one among
them capable of filling the distinguished office
of Governor of the State.
The Hon. Francis Granger, of Canandaigua ,
one ot the favorite sons of W estern New Yo’zk
was then called up.
Mr. Granger rose amidst loud applause. He
commenced by saying that something probably
wasexpeeted of him in behalf of Western New
York, but he said it could hardly ’oe necesi ary
—for on looking around him he sa w all Wes tern
New York there. He alluded to the emotions
he felt on entering the cars to find by his side
the man who raised the first bushel of wheat west
ot Cayuga Bridge. That man was Abner Bar
low, of Ontario Co., who was present. Mr.
Granger paid a glowing tribute to the pioneers
of Western New York, and, concluded with the
following sentiment:
"The Pioneers of Wes tern New York.— They
descended from Pisga'j to enjoy the promised
land.”
The Hon. Daniel. Webster, was then announc
ed by the President amid the most enthusiastic
plaudits.
Mr. Wfebst er remarked that he had made a
very rapid journey of hundreds of miles to meet
with the farmers of Western New York. He
came to, offer them the congratulation of a poor
farmer of New England. He had devoted all
the time he could spare to the cultivation of the
soil, an I endeavored to make up by application,
what he was unable to do by study. He spoke
of Agriculture generally, and of its effects upon
society, and after a few remarks in relation to
Western New York, and said that be intend
ed to cany home with him for the benefit of New
England, what he should learn here. He < tlosed
amidstthe renewed cheers of the audience.
Mr. Ferguson, of Canada, next followed in
some very playful remarks, and concluded with
giving—
“ The President of the New York Stale A gricuL
tural Society."
Mr. Wadsworth briefly responded, and! was
followed by the Mayor of Rochester.
Thursday, Sept. 21.
Another remarkable day has passed, and we
hasten to record a brief account ot its doings.—
The Ploughing Match, that holiday o f the far
mer, which is always ushered in with, the most
pleasing emotions, and which more than any
one thing contributes to improveme nt in the cul
tivation ot the soil, has this day bee n held.—The
streets leading to the ground were thronged for
hours betore the lime of commencing the trial,
and before 11 o’clock, at least five thousand per
sons were assembled to witness a trial of skill
by thirty-eight ploughmen, who had with a zeal
truly commendable, entered the lists. The in
terest taken by practical farmers in this part of
the proceedings, exceeds every other part of the
exhibition. The work was much of it well! done,
but we greatly mistake the skill of Oneida plow
men, if they cannot excel any work whii :li we
have seen to-day.—Let them challenge th • State
next fall, and we shall see who is the best plow
men.
At three o’clock in the afternoon, an immense
concourse of people, estimated at 5000 at least,
assembled on the ground ol exhibition, ai id lis
tened to a most admirable address from J. P.
Beekman, Esq., of Columbia Co., one of the
Vice Presidents of the Society. As the address
will soon be published, we prefer giving’ it to
our readers as delivered, rather than mar it by
any sketch of our own.
It has been announced that Mr. Webster
would address the audience after Mr. Beck: nan’s
address—but the President of the Society an
nounced that Mr. Webster was so unwell., as to
be unable to appear upon the ground.—Hon Ex.
Gov. Seward being on the platform, was loudly
called lor, and responded to the call. Ho said,
last year, he thought the farmers of Eastet n New
York the most unreasonable men he h: d ever
known—in calling upon him, at four dr.ys no
tice, to supply the- place of the most distinguished
inan and ablest Statesman not only of this, but
ofany other country, the Hon. Daniel Webster,
ot Massachusetts—but he was constrained to
say,that the farmers of Western New York were
still more unreasonable in calling upon Aim,
without a moment’s notice, to make a sacrifice
of himself, and to fill the place again designt.ted
for the same distinguished gentle man.
He alluded very happily to agriculture, its
importance, its tendency to peace and quiet—
and showed in a lew bold sketches, the superi
ority of the farmer, over the men ot many fields
of battle and carnage.
He alluded also to our farmer Governor, of
Schoharie, and rejoiced r.iost heartily to see him
upon the ground, and pledged himself to stand
by him in every effort i.o improve and advance
the agriculture of the Empire State. He also
alluded to the distinguished agriculturist, the
Ex President Van Buren, of Lindenwold, the
Hon. Daniel Webster, of Marshfield, and the
Farmer ol Ashland, the Hon. H. Clay, and said
where such men were united, the cause must
goforward and finally prevail, however they
might differ as to Banks and Tariff's, and matters
of that sort, which though of importance inthem
selves, must all oi them yield to this one great
object, the improvement of the agriculture of
our country. Gov. Seward was loudly applauded
at the close of his address.
The Ex. President and Gov. Bouck, were
both called for, but having left the ground some
time previously, they were not heard, much to
the regret of the large audience assembled.
The Reports, of the several Committees were
then read, and the premiums awarded.
The following sketch from the correspondent
of the New York Tribune, is so spirited and
withal so replete with interest that we cannot
omit to give it a place even at the hazard ol
repetition—for we feel quite sure that the reader,
like outsell, will enjoy it, although he may have
just read a sketch from the hand of another.
The Fair ot the New York State Agricultu
ral Society held al Rochester on Tuesday,
Wednesday and Thursday of last week, was
one of the most interesting exhibitions of the
kind ever witnessed in this country. Not less
than 30,00(1 persons were in attendance, and
they were almost all Farmers of the Western
portion of the Empire'State. The proceedings,
throughout, were of the most interesting anu
enthusiastic character; and we have great
pleasure in laying before our readers a full and
accurate report of ail that was said anti done of
any importance, including the great speech ol
Daniel Webster, and Ihe shorter addresses of
Ex-President Van Buren, Ex-Governor Sew
ard, Hon. Francis Granger, and other eminent
statesmen who were present.
We reached Rochester at the conclusion of
the second day of the Fair. As our heavy train
entered the Depot at Rochester, we saw that the
great supper, at which more than 1200 persons
had been seated, was just over; and the speak
ing had just commenced. Sixlongtables were
extended through the whole length of that great
building, which was densely crowded in every
part; the tables, the cars, and every thing upon
which a standing place could he obtained were
completely covered, and the greatest r.oise and
confusion prevailed throughout. A band of mu
sic was stationed in some distant portion of the
building, entirely beyond the control of the offi
cers, which played, apparently, whenever they
felt disposed—more frequently’than at any other
lime during the speeches.
James S. Wadsworth, Esq., presided over the
meeting. He had just arisen to address ihe
vast multitude present —some of them standing
upon the tables, others upon the floor, and thou
sands mounted upon the cars that yet kept their
places.
Mr. Webster had hardly reached his room
when he was waited upon by a Committee, and
conducted to a seat just opposite Ex-President
Van Buren, who was sitting at the right of Mr.
Wadsworth. As Mr. Webster came forward,
he was greeted with the loud and longcontinued
applause of the immense mass.
Mr. Wadsworth, in his opening remarks, al
luded to the peculations, the frauds and defalca
tions by which the past few years had been
marked, and expressed the hope that they’ had
arisen mainly from the collapse of a detestably
abused system of credit. He asked when this
was to be arrested—and he said he asked it w ith
no little anxiety, when he observed that men de-
ficient in all the requisites for the station look
the lead in public affairs, and when even the
highest sanctations of religion were made the
cloak lor the concealment oi crime. He turn
ed, he said, with a proud faith to the formers ol
the country—to the laboring millions who were
seeking competence by industry—not wealth by
speculation. When he recollected that 3*700,-
000 ol our people are engaged in the pursu ilsof
Agriculture, while 117,000 only were in (.Com
mercial and 800,000 in Manufacturing pursuits,
he was led to ask himself it this prepondcra see
ot numbers did not indicate the great influence
of the laboring classes. He expressed the Lf
lief, moreover, that the politicians of the coun
try, in giving attention to the Tariff regulations,
allowed too much relative weight to the inter
ests of Manufacturers, in forgetfulness of the
tacts to which he had referred. He spoke fur
ther of the great importance ot the Agricultural
interest and then alluded to the State Election
of last year. He said he rejoiced that the peo
ple had elected to the first office in their gift a
Practical Farmer. (Cheers, hisses and cries of
'no politics.') He did not intend, he went on to
say, to allude to political matters, but he could
not help thinking that thcC act to which he al
luded was one on which he might properly con
gratulate the great body ol formers then assem
bled. He said thatit was noticeable, moreover,
that every one who had been elected to the Chief
Executive station in the Union had sought
peace and quiet in retirement in the peaceful
pursuits of agriculture; and he was happy to
find that their illustrious guest (Mr. Van Bu
ren) in this, had followed their example.
[Cheers.]
After he had concluded his remarks, Mr. Van
Buren addressed the meeting:—
Gentlemen, said he, I should be doing injus
tice as well to you, as to my own feelings, did
I omit to express tny’ sincere gratitude for the
respect it has pleased you to evince towards me
this evening:—first, to the member?) of this So
ciety tor doing me the hbnor to ask my presence
on this occasion, and next to you for the cordial,
sincere and friendly manner in which you have
been pleased to distinguish my appearance. It
is for this purpose, and this omy, that I rise—to
make to you this acknowledgement—to return
tr.y sincere and unfeigned thanks for the honor
you have conferred. It has been an object, one
principal object of my lile—a const ant and abi
ding object, to pursue the useful rat her than the
s/wwypart: to do all in my power to promote
public objects, when I can do it ben.efieially.
On the present occasion, for nae to submit
practical observations on farming to the im
mense body of farmers by which I am surround
ed, would be an inexcusable departu re from this
rule—as useless, too, as to “carry cc alsto New
castle.” lam wholly incompetent to give you
instruction upon thissubject. But it will not be
inconsistent nor imptoper for me to express the
high gratification which I have de rived from
the exhibitions of this day. I was indeed ex
pecting much, knowing the character of this
State, its character for temperance, ft >r morality,
for intelligence and industry: and 11 tad expect
ed an exhibition which would do ho nor to any
portion of the country. I knew, too, that I was
coming to a section of the country distinguished
above every other in the State—above every
other, I may say, in the Union. My expecta
tions were therefore high: but it ai fords me plea
sure to say that these expectatioi is have been
more than realized—that you hat e had an ex
hibition of which e very American citizen may
well be proud—an exhibition of which every
citizen of the Sta te may be proud, and especial
ly of which every Western Farmer may well be
proud. [Cheers.]
Os the particulars of this exhibition, gentle
men, it is not my province, nor am I competent
to speak. I will therefore advent to but one
branch ol it—and that is the exhibition of the
fruits of the handiwork ot the fair daughters of
this country. [Cheers.] It is right that ive
should, thus begin by offering our gratitude to
those who possess our hearts. I do then say,
and I say it with a heart full of affection, that no
man can witness the exhibition of these fruits of
tbeir labor, their industry and skill, without feel
ings of gratitude, of pride and the highest satis
faction. [Cheers.] I said, gentlemen, that I
am not competent to speak upon agricultural
matters at present. 1 will, therefore, abstain
from it. But it is not from indifference or from
a want of interest in this great subject. I do
not hesitate to declare that of my whole life
those tw’o last years have been the happiest
which I have spent in agricultural pursuits.
[Cheers.] I say this sincerely, and though I
have not much practice as a farmer, I have this:
two years ago, 1 had a farm of 136 acres, which
was let on shares. The first year I had to pur
chase my hay and oats; the second year I baa
nearly enough oats for my own use, and a little
hay over; the presen’.year I have an abundance
of all things tor my own use, and nearly eighty
tons of hay to spare. [Cheers.] At some fu
ture time I hope to be able to give you more in
formation than I can do now’.
I will say, therefore, in addition but this: that
I have reclaimed 12 acres ol bog, which two
years ago was incapable of bearing grass. I
thank you, again, for the honor you have done
ine; and I take leave ol you, declaring solemn
ly and sincerely, that there is no honor or mark
oi respect on which I place a higher value than
the applause of farmers. [Loud cheers.]
After Mr. Van Buren had concluded, Mr. Le
land made a few remarks, and offered as a
toast:
"Gov. Bouck: It is a credit to the farmers of
the State that they have one oi their number ca-_
pable of filling its highest office.”
The President then proposed—
“A health to Frank Granger, the favorite son
of the Farmers of Western New York.”
To this Mr. Granger, amid a whirlwind of
applause, responded in a few eloquent remarks:
Mr. President, said he: The distinguished
honor t ou have conferred upon me would seem
to demand 1 should say something for Western
New York, and yet it would appear scarcely ne
cessary, for when I look around on this vast as
semblage I see you are all here—everj’ man to
speak tor himself! (cheers.) Well may he who
speaks for Western New York feel that he
stands on a proud elevation. I can but feebly
describe to you the emotions which crowded in
to my mind when to-day I took iny seat in the
cars by the side of the man who raised the first
bushel ol Tennessee wheal west ot Cayuga Lake!
(Loud cheers.) 1 name Abner Barlow. Yes
—the man in full health and vigor—who sowed
the first seed and raised the first crop of wheat
in the West I and yet he was even then tn the
pride and strength ot middle manhood. The
world can present no such instances in its histo
ry. What is the history of Western New Yi rk,
connected with which you have paid me so proud
a compliment! It is but yesterday when it was
but one vast unbroken forest. When the revo
lution was over, Yankee industry, Yankee per
severance, would no longer consent to be bound
down to the iron coast of New England or the
hard hills of Vermont.
They sought a milder country —one which
would give a better return to the industry ol man
—where they could push further the advance
ments of life, and secure earlier its elegancies
—the enjoyments of civilization—open a broad
er field for their energies. What has Western
New York done ! Even in my short day, and
'■ short it is, though 1 am getting a little in the
gray of the evening—even in my short day,
this city of Rochester was not even a village !
When I moved into Western New York, this
splendid town which presents now all the artsof
polished life—when the stage proprietor would
not even deign to change horses —he only watered
and went on—is now a city which packs more
flour than any other in the world. 1 repeal it—
than any other in the world. I have heard this
contradicted, but facts and figures will make
manifest its truth, and to them I appeal.
It has been asked where are the Pioneers ot
Western New York! The grave has closed
over most of them, but there are many still liv
ing among us to give to their children encour
agement and advice—to tell them to “be sure
they are right—then go ahead.” I have taken
by the hand many a man to-day who thought an
eminent land proprietor mad when he told them
that the lime would come in their and his uaj’,
when the stage wouldgoluuceowccZ: from Canan
daigua io Albany, and yet the little train in
which I came over to-day, had only Eleven
Hundred!
Such is Western New York! —lts progress
and history have solved the doubt which many
entertained, whether it was not a problem whether
there was sufficient energy in a Republican
Government to push forwarci and hold up and
force forward townsand settlements. What Ro
chester has done, others also in our land have
done—Cincinnati in Ohio is a town larger than
that famed Odessa, which the whole power of
Russia for fifty years has been building up. But
I must close. 'VVhen I arose I only intended to
speak ten words, but I thought I must say one
thing in answer to the reference to Western New
York.
I will say, it their be a man on earth who,
when he sinks to the grave, can do so with
thoughts of happiness, it must be the Pioneer of
Western New York; he who has lived to see
through those fruit! ul fields, where once was the
home of the savage, yonder train pursue its ar
rowy flight.
Mr. President, I offer you
“The surviving Pioneers of Western New
York.—They descended from their Pisgah to en
joy the sweet valley below.”
When Mr. Granger had concluded, the Presi
dent announced that Hon. Daniel Webster
had consented to make a few remarks.—This
was followed by long and tumultuous applause.
Atterthis hadsomewhatsubsided, Mr. Webster
rose and said:
I have made a rapid journey, fellow-citizens,
of 500 miles for the pleasure of meeting here the
representation of the Farmers of the great State
ot New York. I .unjust discharged from the
cars of the railroad—not having changed my
raiment nor had a moment’s rest since 1 left the
city of New York. I find you assembled here,
gentlemen, and at the request oi a Committee’
who have done me the honor to wait upon me,
I come to present myself before }’ou to offer
you the congratulations of a poor but ardent
farmer of Massachusetts, at this congregation
of the Farmers of New-York. (Cheers.) Ac
customed, gentleman—acquainted with agricul
tural pursuits from my earliest days, and in the
course of a life not now a very short one, hav
ing used all the opportunities which pre-ented
themselves consistently with tny other duties to
instruct myself in the principles and practice of
this great primitive art, I have called myself but
one of the humblest ot its professors and prac
titioners. But what 1 lack in knowledge and
experience I have endeavored to make up in
Zealand diligence; and I go as far as he who
goes farthest in my deep conviction of the
supeieminent importance of this great work ot
man, the foundation ol all civilization in every
part of the world, the cultivation of his motbe'r
Earth by his own band.
Gentlemen, it this were the fittingtime cf day,
or if 1 were in a til condition to address you, or
you in a condition to indulge me patiently, I
would even now venture to say something upon
this inteiestingsubject—interesting to all classes
ol men—which has assembled you together here.
(Cheers and cries ol ‘go on.’)
Gentlemen, I have said that Agriculture is
the first step in the civilization of man—and so
it is. It was, 1 think, the remark cf a French
philosopher, that “Man began to be civilized
when he could restrain his wanderings in thelor
e.st as a barbarian, or his migrations as a shep
herd, and fix himself down to the necessity ol
tilling the earth!” And if we run out into all
the acquisitions and attainments of human so
ciety, the useful arts and the fine arts-if we trace
the polished productions ot the Grecian pencil,
if we trace the achilecture of Rome and of the
whole modern world and every other ar of our
own society, we shall find that they spring uni
formly and necessarily from the first great prin
ciple and element ol human civilization, the cul
tivation of the earth and ihe production of fruits
tor the sustenance ol man.
Gentlemen, it is your good fortune to inhabit
a region of the Earth ol mild climate, ot rich
soil, and under circumstances in every way con
ducive to promote the highest human happiness.
There is nothing, gentlemen, that I know of,
that more deserves the consideration of those
who would study intimately the foundation and
elements of a strong intellectual society, than
hat disposition of things by Providence which
enables men, owners ot the soil, to cultivate it
in temperate latitudes and zones of the Earth.
Gen tiemen, I find that after so long a journey,
without rest and under the feeling of a heavy
cold, I may not trust mysell to enter into any
considerable conversation, (so to name what I
cannot call a speech,) with you this evening. I
have come to see the productions ol your fields
and gardens: to be able to carry home some
thing ol iusiruction to my neighbors by whom 1
am surrounded. I shall have the pleasure of
being with you to-morrow. (Cheers, and cries
ot ‘Good.’) And I shall then have great happi
ness in meeting and holding personal conversa
tion with each and all otyou. And 1 will con
clude, for the present, by assuring you that I
come, not without some inconvenience, fortlie
pleasure of this meeting; and I hope and anr as
sured that this Exhibition of the Agricultural
Association of New York will enable me to give
a good account thereof to the good pet pie of
Massachusetts. (Loud and repeated cheers.)
When Mr. Webster had concluded, he retired
from the room amid the loud and enthusiastic
cheering ot the multitude. Hon. Adam Fergu
son, a gentleman from Canada, then made some
humorous and sensible remarks upon the gen
eral subject ot Agriculture, ot the union of (in
terests between Great Britain and America, and
ot the reception which Mr. Coleman from this
country had met with in England. He conclu
ded by proposing the health of the President,
Mr. Wadsworth, “I say,” said he, “God bless
the farmers of Western New York—and my
friend Mr. Wadsworth at the head of them.”
(Loud cheers.)
Mr. Wadsworth thanked Mr. F. for his com
plimentary allusion and the audience for the
manner in which it had been received. He then
read a sentiment sent in by the venerable Abner
Bartow of Canandaigua.
“American Editors: —A stock which needs
no improvement.”
To this George Dawson, Esq., the able and
excellent Editor of the Democrat, responded in
a most humorous and effective manner. His
few off-hand remarks were filled with profes
sion al jokes and were received with unbounded
applause by the people—with whom he is high
ly, a.id most deservedly popular. We should
iiave given a sketch of them but tor the fact that
the immense multitude, in their anxiety to hear
him, le aped upon and broke down the table at
which tve were taking notes.
The tneeting then adjourned for the day.
Thursday, Sept. 21.
At 3 o’clock in die afternoon an immense
number of persons c ssembled in the field where
the exhibition had be en held, a little distance
below the main tall of l.he Genesee, and imme
diately upon the banks o.‘ the river. A large
space of ground had been enclosed and a stag
ing erected at one end. Not lessthan 10 or 15,-
000 persons were present, and Mr. Wadsworth
presided. Upon the stage we/e Mr. Van Bu
ren, Gov. Bouck, Ex-Gov. Sewat.d, Hon. Chris
topher Morgan, Senator Rhoades, .’tnd other em
inent gentlemen. The President iuade a few
opening remarks and introduced Mr. Beekman,
of Kinderhook, who had been invited to deliv
er the annual address. He presented a h.t*ty re
view of the operations of the Society in 1832,
when it was first organized. In February ot
that year a few persons held a meeting tn A.'ba
nh, formed the Society and elected Mr. Le Roy
de Chaumont President. To advance the in
terests of the Society the Cultivator was estab
lished, in March, 1834. The firstFatr washeld
in Albany, 1834, and was only creditable as a
first essay. The next was at Syracuse, and
was decidedly better. In 1842 another was held
at Albany and was highly enthusiastic and en
couraging. Mr. Beekman spoke at length of
the contrast between the laborers of this coun
try and those of Europe—of the great advanta
ges which the State of New York possessed as
an agricultural State, of the utility of her great
works ot Internal Improvement and ot the gen
eral enterprise of the American character. He
compared the State of New York with England.
Both were ol about the same s ame size. They
have about ninety-eight millions of acres under
cultivation—we, say ten. They produce annu
ally two hundred and sixty-two millions of
grain—we, about fifty-one millions. They have
ten millions of cattle, and forty-lour millions of
sheep—we, two millions of cattle, and five and
a hall millions of sheep. The comparison of
many other farm products holds a.bout the same
proportion. In the cultivation ol’ the soil, how
ever, acre for acre, we are much nearer to them
in the quantity of the general products; and
when an equal area ot surface is cleared, and
we have about quadrupled our population, he
trusted we should not be behind them in obtain
ing equivalent returns.
He closed by urging the importance and gen
eral utility of such exhibitions as that whiclr
they had just witnessed.
Aller he had closed his address, there were
loud and repeated calls from the vast assembly
for Mr. Webster; but the President announced
that he had not yet arrived, but. would be there
in twenty minutes. (Cheers.) There were
then calls for Mr. Van Buren. The President
said that he had alreadj’ left the ground. There
were then loud calls for Seward, but the Presi
dent requested the audience to listen to the read
ing of the Reports of the several Committees,
which were then accordingly read.
When these had been concluded, the calls for
Daniel Webster were repeated. The Presi
dent announced that he had just received intelli
gence that Mr. Webster was too ill to rise from
his bed, and they would therefore be under the
necessity of tailing to hear him. Loud and re
peated calls were then made on Gov. Seward,
who, amid the enthusiastic cheering of the mul
titude, came forward and addressed th em as fol
lows:
FcUow Citizens: At the time of the last anni
versary of the Agricultural Society of the State
ot New York, 1 was residing among the farmers
of the East; and 1 found them a most unreas
onable community. They had assigned the of
fice ol Speaker on that occasion to the most dis
tinguished Orator, and if I might be allowed to
say it before the voice of posterity has been
heard, 1 would add, to one of the most illustrious
statesmen of this country and this age. But he
tailed them, and that unreasonable people de
manded otme— that, at some four day’s notice, I
should fill the place of Dan'l Webster. [Cheers.]
But, fellow citizens, 1 am sorry to be obliged to
say that, unreasonable as 1 iound the citizens of
Eastern New York, 1 have a bolder, a more just
complaint of Western New York, since, at a
moment’s notice, I listen to the change in the
sounding, enthusiastic call tor Webster to one
that now rings in my ears like an admonition
that lam called to be made a sacrifice! [Cheers
and laughter.]
Fellow Citizens—it there beany thing which
can delight the heart of the lover ol man or the
servant of God, it is the scenes which now are
parting and passing before us. There is an ex
citement in the voice of fame : there is anima
tion and enthusiasm in the conduct of armies;
but there is more of usefulness in the produc
tion of a single fabric of human art, treasured tn
these alcoves here, than in all the conquerors of
the race have effected for the benefit of mankind.
[Cheers.] It is something, indeed, to follow the
noble and generous and exalted hero or the
statesman; but it is every thing for humanity,
every thingforour country, every thing tor man
kind, to secure the perpetuation of domestic
oeace and of the harmony ot our brethren
throughout the world. Show me, then, the na
tion that has lived with harmony among its
members, and in peace with mankind, and I
will show you a state where citizens gather by
hundreds and thousands and by tens of thous
ands, and by twenties of thousands, to exhibit
the products of their art and of their agricul- '
ture.
For me, then, I see, to-day, the proudest, the
most blessed sight of my whole life: fori see
here a guarantee that peace and harmony in my
beloved country is to last through this genera
tion, and it may be hoped that it will last
through the generation with which those who
are near and dear to me and to you, are concern
ed. Let future generations lake care of them
selves! 1 rejoiee that this generation is never
to feel the sevthe of war, nor know the distrac
tions of civildisaster! [Loud cheers.] I take
a good augury for this cause from what I have
seen here to-day. I have seen this small, unin
teresting, neglected seed—a seed which, as our
respected orator to-day has told us, was planted
in 1834, by anxious and solicitous hands, ripen
ed and matured into a plant worthy to be cher
ished by those men on whom the people of this
State have conferred the highest honors in their
power to give. I rejoice to meet here the Far
mer ot Schoharie: it shall not be my fault if
there is not tendered to him the most cordial
support in the advocacy of the great interest ol
Agriculture to which he is so solemnly pledged.
[Loud and repeated cheers ]
I rejoice to meet here also the venerable Ex-
President ol the United States—the Farmer of
Lindenwold! (Loud cheers and laughter.) I
am sure that if he puts forth his hands in the
matter with ardent zeal, there will be no longer
a check to agriculture. 1 rejoice to meet here,
more than all, the fanner, the philosopher, the
orator, and the statesman of Marshfield (cheers);
1 sympathise with the regret which you experi
ence in tailing to hear his voice on this occasion
instead of mine, to speak to you, oftfte peaceful,
the joyful pursuits ot agriculture. And I think
that 1 hear the voices, not only of the statesmen
of New-York and Massachusetts, but of the
statesmen of the South and statesmen of the
West—and that with the voices of these illustri- S
ous men mingle the prayers and aspirations and
best wishes of the Statesman and Farmer or
Ashland (loud cheers,) whose name awakens
on the instant the responses of all your hearts.
(1 retracted and loud applause.!
noW| l *' en ’ w h‘> shall divide us! Let
us biller as we may ab iut questions of Finance
and political economy; let us dispute about Ta
riffs and Banks; I tell you, fellow citizens, that
if our statesmen will agree in the support ot ag
riculture, it is an unimportant matter which of
us is right i.i regard to the Tariff and the Gur
rency, and I ll tell you why.
1 lie political power of tins country resides
with the agricultural portion of its inhabitants;
and it is a truth as old as government, that every
mass of men consult upon and understand their
own interests. Then it follows that if the mass
of the people be industrious and appreciate their
true interests in this respect, they will surely
take care of all the rest. Not that I deem any
ot these questions unimportant ; for those who
know me know how tenacious I am in my ad
herence to opinions which are the result of my
experience and observation. But 1 regard a
man who consults the good of the country in
preference to his devotion to party, as worthy of
more respect than he who is faithl ul to party and
only solicitous of self.
Fellow-citizens, it is not without cause that I
draw this augury. It is said of the great agita
tor of Ireland that he can see before him in one
of those vast assemblages ot the people of his na
tive and much injured and oppressed land, his
own great constituency. So do I see here a sight
I never expected would gladden my eyes—here
before me the great constituency of the people
—and I bow with respect and reverence before it
—my own constituency—the constituency ot the
State ol New York.
And what has that constituency come short of
accomplishing that it has ever tried! Your ca
nals and railroads—your agricultural societies
—all your great schemes to which New York
lays claim and of which she is justly proud—
what is there ofthem all that Western York
did not give to the Slateol New York! And it
she can call into existence associations and zeal
like this, ifshe can build canals and railroads
and found colleges andestablish common schools
and shape the whole policv of the State and of
the Nation, what care I wl'io opposes her—when
we hear the voice of Western New York send
ing the words of triumph and acclamation to ihe
worthy men of this Society—and bidding them
“goon ! the blessing of God and the thanks of
the country will crown your efforts tor the pro
tection of the peace of society and the diffusion
ot happiness among her people.”
Gov. Seward sat down amid the tumultuous
applause of the assembled throng.
Gov. Bouck was then loudly called for, but
the President announcedthat “ex-President Van
Buren and Gov. Bouck quit the field some time
ago.” (Cheers, laughter and cries oi ‘good.’)
Several other reports were then made, alter
which the meeting adjourned.
From the N. Y. Tribune.
Mr. Webster’s Great Speech at the Agri
cultural Supper.
It was announced and expected that Mr.
Webster would address the immense multitude
assembled in the exhibition field at Rochester
on Thursday afternoon; but he was prevented
by illness, which confined him to his bed. The
officers of the Society, therefore, gave a supper,
attended by invited guests, on Thursday even
ing, at Smith’s Dining Saloon, opposite the Ea
gle Tavern, at Rochester. The guests came in
at aboutß o’clock. JamesS. Wadsworth, Esq.,
President of the Society, presided, assisted by
several Vice Presidents. There w ere present,
besides Mr. Webster, Ex. Gov. Seward, Hon.
Christopher Morgan, Jr., Col. Allston, ol South
Catolina, and manymherdistingnished persons.
Ex-President Van Buren and Gov. Bouck had
leltthe city in the afternoon. Mr. Webster’s
speech was one oi great interest and impor
tance, both for its intrinsic worth and its politi
cal bearings: we present below a full and accu
rate report, which is laid before our readers in
advance of every other paper in the United
States. We are greatly indebtedtothe kindness
of the officers of the several central railroads
through the State, to the gentlemanly Captain of
the splendid ■ steamboat Empire, to the proprie
tor of the Eagle Hotel in Albany, and above
all to the Committee of Arrangements at the
Supper at Rochester, with Dr. Kelsey at its head,
for their assistance in this enterprise. We ac
knowledge their courtesy with pleasure, as we
shall always remember it with gjatitude. To
Mr. Coleman, of the Astor House, who attend
ed the Fair, we are also under great obligations.
The President, James S. Wadsworth, Esq. af
ter the cloth was retnovedala few minutes before
9, arose and said that many who knew him and
who would not be very likely to suppose him
possessed of any very profound knowledge of
constitutional law, might be surprised to learn
that he was at one time a pupil of their distin
guished guest. But such, he said, was the lact.
He pursued his studies in the office and under
the direction < f Daniel Webster; and all would
agree, that it he had profited but little by his stu
dies, it was by no means for want of an able
teacher. It was durin’ the period, he said,
when, to use a former's expression, he was
“sowing his wild oats”—a time not very favor
able tor severe study or for very extensive ac
quirements in any branch of teaming; and to
this tact might be attributed, perjiaps, something’
of his failure to profit by his teachings. In ris
ing to introduce their honored guest to the gen
tlemen present, Mr. Wadsworth said he should
pass over all the great acts ot his eminently
useful life, all that he had done in the service of
his country, and all the great deeds and eloquent
words which had made nis name distinguished
and honored throughout the world. The histo
ry ol his lite was :l.e history of his country; and
to history he would leave the appropriate taskol
describing and commemorating them. For the
present, he wished onlj’ to propose
‘The health of the Farmer of Marshfield.'
This sentiment was received with tumultu
ous applause, followed by three hearty cheers.
Aller the noise had subsided, Mr. Webster rose
and replied in substance as follows:
Mr. President and Gentlemen: I am greatly
obliged for the kind manner in which the Presi
dent of this Society has referred to Uie circum
stances ot our early acquaintance and inter
course. lam proud, gentlemen, ol such a pu
pil; and it he learned any thing under my in
struction relative to the profession to which I
belong, lam sure he is fully competent, now,
to pay back the principal with accumulated
interest from knowledge connected with the pre
sent pursuit to which he and you, gentlemen,
are so greatly attached.
Gentlemen—Owing, perhaps, in some mea
sure, to this early and friendly consideration of
the President of your Society, and to the general
kindness of all the persons connected with it, I
had the honor to be invited to appear on this oc
casion, and to make the annual address usual
upon the celebration of your anniversary, ft hap
pened not to be in my power to accept the tender
of this great honor. But in declining it I sug
gested to my friend that, as I had sometimes had
occasion to visit Western New York, partly to
visit some tarnily connections and other friends,
and as I always embraced such an opportunity
with the greatest pleasure, 1 might be in this re
gion in the course of the autumn, and that if so,
I would endeavor to arrange my time so as to
be pi esent at the Anniversary ol the Agricultur
al Society. 1 come, gentlemen, in foe fiijfi).
ment ot that intimation. I come with yirpf
pleasure, notwithstanding the heat of the weath
er and the length of the journey, to be present at
this great meeting of the Representatives of the
Agricultural Interest of this great State [cheers]
—and I would most gladly, so far as
it may be in my power, do something, or say
something, byway ot compensation for tjie kind
ness which you have manifested towards pie,
and as expressing the gratelul feelings with
which I acknowledge the honor you have done
me in extending to me this invitation.
Gentlemen, the occasion is an agricultural
occasion. The topics which have assembled us
together here are agricultural topic#. They
carry us to the consideration of that great inter
est of society, the cultivation ol the Earth, from
which we ourselves were taken. And, gentle
men,,l have been struck in examining the ex
hibition which has been made to-day of animate
and of foe products and improvements of the me
chanical arts, and especially the improvements
in the great science of Agriculture, with the
great advantages which Agriculture, in the ap
propriate senseof foe word, holds out to the grea
mass ol the Society in wfiieh we live. The
cultivation of the earth is not all of agriculture
in its proper or common sense. That depend#
very much on elimate and condition. Wespeair
oi Agriculture as that great Pursuit of Society
in which the great mass of men are engaged, ip
temperate climates, and in soil adapted to pro
duce the variety of things which are useful tor
food and the raiment of man.
But there is another cultivation of the fields,
appropriate to tropical climates, which has re
ceived the usual denomination of the plant a tion
the planting interest of society. Now, gentle
men what has most;forcibly struck my attention
suggested by what 1 have seen and heard anJ
witnessed to day, is the vastly superior advan
tages to individuals and to society, of the truly
agricultural over the plantation interest. 1 de
sire no belter exemplification ot the truth ot the
general sentiment which I have advanced, than
t hat suggested by the < ojnparison--if we may
not more properly call it a conlrasl—exhibited
by those who cultivate foe fields of Western
New York and those who cultivate equally rich
soils, which lie beneath a tropical stfo. I wofold
compare the agriculture ot Western New Yofo
with the plantation interest of the West Indies.
Now, does any thing exhibit a broader contrast
between different pursuits—both dedicated to
the cultivation oi the land, both rearingproducts
for human consumption -than we find between