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©muj mrimiil v jßmtina.
OLD SERIES, VOL. LVIII.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS fSBLISHBD DAILY, TRI-WESKLV, AND WEEKLY,
RY J. W. A W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
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FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 22.
Congress.—The conduct ol the majority of
the present House of Representatives furnishes
an apt illustration o f the badness of locofoco
pretensions. Never did a Congress assemble,
before which such a grand flourish of “ devo
tion to the dear people” was made—none that,
in practice, has so far fallen behind its profes
sions. It is now nearly four months since this
notable body came together, and yet has nothing
been done, either tor the advantage or honor of
the country. Demaguguical movements have
alone engaged the attention of the radical ma
jority !
It is to be hoped, however, that haying wasted
much precious time, these men will soon turn
their attention to matters in which the people
feel some interest. Having glorified Andrew
Jackson— heroized Thomas Dorr—debased the
Judiciary—trampled on the rights of minorities
—prostrated the Constitution—treated as nulli
ties solemn laws ot the land—and admitted to
seats in their body, men who were elected in
bold and impudent defiance of the just enact
ments of Congress—is it not time that they tried
to do a little good „to counterbalance the grea
err'd which they have perpetrated ? Or do they
mean fully to establish the truth ot the suspicion,
which has now taken up a place in the hearts of
so many thousands of their constituents, that
they are so innately prone to do that which is
wrong that they caioio/doanythingthat is rigid?
Why is it, lor instance, that nothing is done
in reference to the postage bill? Here is a mat
ter that has been b.ought to their attention from
almost every county and village in the Union.
Why then have they not moved in it ? Having
robbed the treasury ol thousands, to pay taeir ;
own wages for months of idleness—having ,
worse than robbed it, tu refund a fine rightfully
imposed upon a military despot—why do they ;
not. at least, remove a portion of the heavy ,
burden that is unnecessarily laid upon the trans- ;
mission of intelligence? Here is a subject, cer- '•
tainly, that may be approached, without inter
fering with the interests of locofoco presidential can- i
didates. Why, then, not take it up, gentlemen I
of the majority ? Or are you so devoted to poli- (
tical scheming and management—so utterly ,
wedded to parly legislation alone—that you have i
no relish for discharging the plain and honest 1
duties of faithful Representatives of the people ?
But why look for figs upon brambles? Four
months’ experience is enough to convince any
rational citizen that nojionest and soundlegis.
lation need be expected from the present Con
gress’. It is a truth that cannot be controverted,
that locofocoism and popular rights—-jacobinism 1
and official integrity— are utterly incompatible
with each other. The radicals in this Congress
haw clearly established this proposition within .
the last few months, if doubts at any time exis- j
led in reference to it. Ami tuuonly hope now <
left tor the people, in the present crisis is, thaf (
the period which is to terminate the official ex
istence of the present House of Representatives,,
may arrive unaccompanied with utter ruin to 1
the country! A happy finale to their rule is I
hardly to be expected I
Calling things by their riuht names.—
Mr. Stewart, of Pa., when addressing the House
of Representatives, upon the bill to repeal the
Distribution Act, which was hurried through 1
that body with railroad speed, in the course of 1
his remarks had occasion to allude to the tarifi 1
trill recently introduced by Gen. McKay, bfN. <
C. This bill, Mr. S. spoke of as one “to im- <
port fifty millions ol dollars worth of foreign
goods—to sacrifice our own industry to make a ,
market for British manufactures in the United
States. If the opponents of the bill could have
a chance to discuss it, it would never pass. But
he could tell them how it could be passed. Let
them send it to the British Parliament, and they '
would pass it by acclamation. Mr. S. said it
was a British Bill, favorable to British policy—
precisely such a one as the British Chancellor 1
would recommend to us. It was just such a
bill as they desired Congress to pass, to give
them our market for their manufactures. There
were but two sides to this question, the Ameri
can and the British. Those who voted for this
bill voted for British interests; those who voted
against it voted for American interests.”
True—every word of it. It is tithe thatthings
were called by their right names. The bill in
troduced by the locofoco majority in the House
of Representatives, is called lor by no interests
except British interests, and if it is passed, it will
benefit none but those of English Manufacturers;
unless it might be, collaterally, the political in
terests of Mr. Van Buren—for whose especial
advantage, and nothing else, his northern allies
advocate a low tariff policy. The country is
beginning to flourish under the operation of a
system that enables us to sell more than we buy;
but as the country goes up, Van Burenism goes
down. Hence the reason for getting up a hue
and cry on his part against the tariff. He hopes
to ride into power once more in the midst of an
anti-tariff smoke, raised by’ the agents of British
cotton spinners, and kept up by his particular
friends—and for this, would he strike hands with
the English, in peace or in war!
Rather Severe !—The Whigs of Pennsyl
vania do not seem to have much respect for the
political parson who.n the ),.<-of,>eos have s tup 1
as theircan.lidate for Govern- i ! .V a meeting 1
called at Harrisburg, to respond to the nomina
tion of “Harrison’s fighting captain,” (General
Markle, 1 in a speech mtjde by Mr. Cooper, a
Whig member of the Legislature, he remarked,
among other good things, that “ there was, after
all, no great difference between Parson Muhlen
berg, and Gen. Markle. They both received
commissions to fight the enemy. The Parson
battled against the evil one, the common enemy
of mankind, and the General against the In
dians, the enemy of his country'. The only dif
ference is, that while the General whipt the In
dians, Old Nick whipt the Parson — since which
time he has been fighting hand in hand with his
old adversary in the locofoco ranis!”
Capital! and looking to the general results of
tocofocoism, about as true as it is good! It is im
possible that principles and practices which are
so .disastrous to the country’ as those of the
locofoco party, can have other than an evil ori
gin,—even with the “father of lies” himself!
And in this sense, it cannot be said that Mr. C.
was over-hard with the office-seeking parson.
fr 1 It has been decided by the Supreme
Courtof Missouri, that a physician is not liable,
in that State, to an indictment for manslaught
er, when death results from his unskilfulness or
ignorance, provided his intentions were good in
administering the medicines! Would not this
proviso cover every case of malpractice ?
New-Hamfshire. —The Boston Atlas gives
returns from 107 towns in this State, showit g
an aggregate locofoco vote of 13.500, and an
anti-locofoco vote of 13,019. Os course, Steele,
the jacobin candidate for Governor, is elected,
and also a jacobin Legislature. The Atlas
says:—“The returns confirm us in our convic
tions, that Steele, and his radical adherents,
might have b»«n baatan.”
Old Connecticut!—A friend writes to ns
hat “every’ thing looks well in old Connecticut!
’ Wc shall skin the coon on the first Monday in
April—and no mistake.”— Boston Post.
Ilf Col. Greene ever thumtted Webster's Spel
ling Book—as he must have done, though a
“long time ago”—he doubtless read therein
' something about a chap who sold a bear’s skin
before he had taken it! He can apply the
moral without our aid. As to that “ coon-skin*
ning” which is expected to come off in Connec
ticut, one ot these days, we reckon wc shall hea
of it— when it happens.
O’The British auxiliaries of the locofoco
party’, on the other side of the Atlantic, are be
ginning to lose all hope of the success of their
allies in the U. States. The Liverpool Chroni
cle of Feb. 10, thus mourns over the waning
prospects of Mr. Van Buren and his free trade
friends:
“ There seems to be a grow ing impression that
nothing will be done relative to the tariff until
the new President is elected, and as Mr. Van
Buren is underload to be favorable to a low tariff,
we sec wi h regret that his prospects are becoming
‘ small by degrees n I bcautfully less.’ ”
Ij* Richard Yeadon, Esq., one of the Editors
of the Chari s on Courir, in a letter to the An
derson Clay Club has announced himself in
favor of Henry Clay.
Anti-Tariff Tracts.—There have recently
been issued from the office of the New York
Plebeian, large editions of Anti-Tariff tracts,
which have been scattered through the country
pretty freely. From the following paragraphs
taken from the Tribune, the editor of which ex
cellent Whig paper had been up to the “ land of
steady habits,” making speeches, it will be seer,
the Plebeian anti-tariff mill has ceased grinding
such grists. The 101 l did not pay— especially in
Connecticut!
“ We learned yesterday and the day’ before in
Connecticut that the most effective electioneer
ing weapons our friends could find—decidedly
better than our Tariff Speeches—were the Anti-
Tariff Tracts issued by The Plebeian, 't hey
’“id been f r some time buying up all they could
nnd to circulate in that: state, to unmask the
Loco Foco professions of half-an-hall friend
ship for Protection—till they were ail at once
brought up by the supply being cut off at the
fountain head —no more of‘Plebeian Tract No.
I,’ could be got at the office for love or money !
They tried their best, but were informed that the
edition had run out, and they didn’t think
they should,print any more at present! As the
Tract is copyrighted,our folks could not reprint
it, and so a most flourishing trade was brought
to a dead halt! We cite the following corrobo- ’
ration from the yesterday’s rVetc Haven Palla
diu r.i: *
“ An Incident. — While Michael was at the
steamboat wharf this morning, selling 1 Plebeian j
Trac sto make young Whigs of,’ a Litco Foco 1
passenger got out ot the cars and inquired the ,
price of the lot, Michael named the sum, when ,
a bargain was struck for the w hole. The pur
chaser had no sooner get possession of them <
than he stepped to the side of the wharf and
threw them all into the water, saying, ‘ They are .
not just the things to circulate in Connecticut!’ '
We had these facts from a person who witness- ‘
ed the whole proceeding. When willouroppo- I
nents learn in politics, as well as in every thing ,
else, ‘ honesty is the best policy ?’ How con
temptible do they appear in trying to conceal,
until after the election, their real principles.” '
Q- A lawyer, at Tarry Town, N. Y , lately 1
ran away with a young lady’s fortune, amount- .
ing to $38,000, in “ hard cash,” with the help of .
a fleet pair of horses—much to the astonishment
of the staid Tarrytowners, and the consternation
of the lady’s friends. ■
N.B. The lady accompanied her cash.
The Cheraw (8. C.) Gazette announces, I
as a “good sign,” that the “ jail of Chesterfield *
District is unoccupied, jcxcejk hyjlip jailor’’ _
—>ru.iuiy, u-aUvao-ismo-person in Ches
terfield district that ought to be in jail. <
— i
Tj* The last Legislature of Mississippi, '■
which came to a close on the 24th ult., was no- '
ted for many strange performances; but none
more so than those which marked its close.—
The “ Southron/’ printed at the seat of govern
ment, says, that during a part of the last day’s
silting some important laws were passed with
out a quorum, the votes of absentees being given
by proxy in some cases where a quorum was
considered necqssaty! This, certainly, may be '
considered as legislation extraordinary,— and
only to be looked for in Mississippi.
-Xj- The Salt manufactured in the town ol ,
Salina, Onondaga County, in the State ot New
York, amounted, in 1843, to 3,127,590 bushels i
—being about the fourth part of the quantity ■
consumed in the United States. The whole i
amount of salt imported in 1813, was rising j
6,000,000 of bushels.
The Lakes.—Navigation on lake Erie has •
been commenced—being about a month earlier 1
than last year. Navigation on Lake Michigan
was opened in February—a vessel having ar
rived at Chicago, from Milwaukie, on the 27th
of that mouth. Steamboats have been running ,
for some weeks upon lake Ontario.
Melancholy Accident.—We learn from
Capt. Budd, ot the steamer Beaufort District,
that when on his last trip to Savannah, and on
Friday night about 10 o’clock at the wharf of i
Hilton Head, Mr. Edward Fitz called on board ;
lor a letter. He had scarcely left the boat in
company with Dr. Scriven, who had come pas
sengerin her, when a plunge in the water was
heard by those on board, and it was immediately
ascertained that Mr. Fitz, in the darkness of the
night had stepped off the wharf, and although
the water where he fell was perhaps not over
five feet deep, and lights and a boat immediately
went to hisassistance, his body could not be found
until the next morning, when it was discovered
by tne receding tide. Mr. Fitz was a young
man in the employ as overseer of Mr. Seabrook,
much respected by those that knew him, and
bias left, we understnad, a brother and sister in
Savannah, to mourn his sudden death.— Charles
ton Mercury.
3/T The coroner’s jury summoned to hold an
inquest over the body of the dead temale found in
Walnut street, New York, could not decide as
to the modeof her death. The Courier and En
quirer states that “among other persons sum
moned, \vas the brother of the deceased, who
states that he received a letter from hissistcrin
December, 1819, post marked Philadelphia,and
j who lie states is IS years of age only; whereas
, the P..y iciatis ti.;.l‘ have examined the body ate
unanimous in tueir opinion that the person
found had lived to the age of over 30 years; so
that the corpse found could not be that of the
daughter of the man Roach, and there seems no
doubt she is at present living with her father in
Philadelphia. This mysterous affair is there
fore in as deep a cloud of mystery as ever,”
Position of Ma. Calhoun’s friends. —The
following resolution wete adopted by the Cen
tral Committee ot the Democratic Party of
South Carolina, at a meeting held at Slewart’s
Hotel, in Charleston, on the 15th and I6lh inst.
ResoZeM, That in the opinion of the Central
Committee, the Stateof South Carolina cannot
consistently, with the principles she has declared
aud maintained, send Delegates to the Conven
tion about to assemble at Baltimore, on the 4th
Monday in May next, constituted and oigan
ized as it is now ascertained it will be; and that
the course she may adopt in supporting any*
candidate for the Presidency ought to be govern
ed and decided entirely’ in ref-rence to the com se
which may’ be persued by the friends and sup
porters ot the several candidates in the present
Congress on the questions before them, so deep
ly affecting the peace and prosperity ol her peo
ple.
Resolved, That until these questions are set
tled, as tar as this Congress can settle them, for
the security and welfare ot her citizens, inthe
opinion of this Committee, the people of this
Stale will best consult her dignity and interests,
by standing uncommitted to any man, but pre
. pared toqct firmly and promptly when the time
comes on the same principles which, in 1840
and at other times, have governed her conduct,
> whether it be for the support of those who main
tain the creed to which she has given faith, orin
opposition to those who faithlessly abandon or
s make open war upon it.
5/p ‘‘Old Ironsides,” we learn from Norfolk
papers has been taken into dock, for the pur
’ pose of being extensively repaired. On exami
, nation, she was found to be almost unseaworthy.
Divorce in China.—The Chinese courts ac
knowledge seven just grounds of divorce, one
'> ot the principal of which is extreme talkative
bo« in women.
i SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 23.
1 AV ing Victory.—The special election lor a
member ot Congress in the Allegheny District,
Pa., to supply the vacancy occasioned by the
' translation of William Wilkins, locofoco, from
the House of Representatives to the Depart
ment of W'ar, has resulted in the choice of Cor
nelius Dasraoh, Esq., Whig, by a large ma
jority ovet Gazzam, locofoco, and Craig, aboli
tionists.
North Alabama.—The canvass seems to
have been opened with spirit, on the part of the
Whigs in North Alabama. We find in alate
Huntsville Advocate an account of a public
dircussion had in that place, belw’een the Hon.
Nicholas Davis, one of the Whig State Electors,
and the Hon Clement C. Clay. Mr. D.firstad
dressed the meeting, Gov. Clay followed, and
then Mr. Davis rejoined. According to the Ad
vocate, the Ex-Governor came off second best
in this contest for principles.
We hope our Whig friends in North Alabama
will not relax in their efforts to shed political
light in that region. All that is necessary to
secure us the State of Alabama, is to have the
truth fairly laid before the voters ot that sec'ion
of it.
J/r The results of the Inspector’s Election in
the City and county of Philadelphia, are parti
cularly favorable to the Whigs. Districts have
been carried by large majorities which have
been locolbco foryears.
The Tropic has pinned to the wall an
other falsehood of the N. Y. Plebeian—namely,
that Mr. Clay was “received at New Orleans
on the Sabbath, by the military, with flaunting
banners, sounding trumpets and beat ingdrums,”
during his late visit to Louisiana. If our
friends ol the Tropic, however, should undertake
to contradict all the infamous falsehoods, libels
and misrepresentations of Mr. Van Buren’s un
principled editor at New York, they will be
under the necessity of enlarging their sheet to
the size of a respectable bed quilt, to find room
to do so.
That tariff, we are tearful, will put “finds”
to the hustling Father Ritchie! Hecanscarce
ly survive the present campaign. It will be cer
tainly too much lor him, if the Whigs continue
tocorner him as they have thine of late. A
short time since the old gentleman spread him
self upon the “Iron and Salt question,” and
went on to prove,by his figures, that the “ black
tariff” had advanced the price of the former
from fifteen to twenty-two dollars per ton—say,
English iron from §57 to 85 or 90; Swedes,
from §77 t 095 and§loo; Tradegar, fromSSl to
90; and also had added very greatly to the price
of Salt.
.Scarcely had Father Ritchie promulgated his
anathema against these “enormities” of the
“ Whig Tariff,” than he was met by a counter
blast in the Richmond Whig, from which we
make the following extracts :
“ To xefZZe this question you may authorise the
Enquirer to say’ to any of his free trade friends,
who may be in want of the article, to apply at
the Whig Office, and they can be informed
where it can be had, at the prices named below,
by the half Ton, or any larger quantity, which
may’ be said to be the retail price of Ist March,
1844, viz:
English Bar Iron, §62 to 65 and not §BS to 90,
Swedes, “ “ 80 to 82i “ “ 95.t0 100
Tradegar, “ 75 to 81 “ “ 90
“It is hoped that this statement will settle the
I. on question, to the satisfaction of all parties.
1 have no doubt by applying to some oft urDry
Good friends you can have the question on
Wooll.'ns and Cotton, settled in like maimer,
“ P t>.—L will also state as.reg;.rrt» •
ofSalt. The Liverpool is now selling at lower
rales than at any previous period lor the last
20years, and the American article lately intro
iiiiccd into the market, (a fine article) put up in
tierces of £BO lbs; weighing about fifty pounds
more than the oruinary Sack, has been sold in
iarg quantities at §1,25 per sack, which is 25
to 40 per cent below the price of the imported
at tide.”
If these “ knock down” arguments did not
seZ/fcthe Sall and Iron questions, they did Father
Ritchie. The veteran has not “peeped” since
on these heads.
The locofoco Courier at New Orleans
copies, without comment, the article which de
tails the gravity with which a certain locoloco
functionary in Maine disposed ol a Whig vote
which he found in the ballot box, under the plea
that it had got there “by accident.” The rea
son for this silence of our jacobin cotemporary
is, we suppose, he did not think it came within
gunshot of the “unceremonious manner” with
which a certain locofoco brother in his own city
got rid of a Whig majority of about forty votes —
to wit, by smashing the ballot box! Give us ths
Akw Orleans plan of getting rid of Whig votes,
before all others!
Before election !—The Boston Post thus
dresses up a Plebeian’s small talk:
‘This is the Conversation!’— We urge upon
our democratic friends every where to press on
—organize—prepare to put the truth in every
man’s hand! [this got in by’ mistake]—throw a
siddivisions—discountenance disorganizers as
enemies in disguise—stand arm to arm, and a
glorious victory awaits us, says the New-York
Plebeian.
After the election there will be ‘conversation’
of quite a different character!
Wc understand from an intelligent Member
of Congress that our ftiends in Washington are
in high spirits. They count upon carrying
New York by a majority of from 15 to 211,000 ;
Ohio by 10,000. They calculate upon the suc
cess ot'the Van Buren and Johnson ticket in
Pennsylvania by some thousands—and they en
tertain the sanguine hopes ot Mr. Van Buren’s
success.— Richmond Enquirer.
Pretty extensive calculations” these! There
must, however, be a considerable addition made
to them tor contingencies, before those “sanguine
hopes can be fulfilled !”
Tur: State Works.—The bill for the sale
of the mainline ol the Public Works, says the
Philadelphia Gazette, has passed the Senate.
The price fixed is t wenty millions of dollars, the
sale to be made by auction. The main provi
sions .'f t'.f bill are similar to those or last year
The bill fixes the price of the Delaware divi
sions at two and a half millions of dollars.
P.oTnthc N. O. Picayune, March 17.
From Havana.—Bythe arrival,last evening,
of the steamship Alabama. Capt. Windle, we
have received Havana dates up to the 13th
inst.
Everythin® was tranquil oh the Island when
the Alabama sailed and the local intelligence is
ot little importance.
The relatives and numerous friends of Dun
can C. Ogden, Esq., will learn with pleasure
that he has been released, by Santa Anna, from
imprisonment at the Castle ol Perote, and that
he W’ili soon arrive here in a vessel direct from
Vera Cruz. This gratifying intelligence we
learn bv way’ of Havana.
Havana, March 12,1844.
Since lact accounts our market has been
more brisk, and export trade increases conside
rable. There are many vessels in port waiting
freight, but many of them are engaged, and are
detained on account ol the small quantity of new
sugars that have arrived. Coffee is dull and
scarce.
In poli ical matters everything continues as
at our last accounts. Imprisonmentsand ban
ishment’s without cause, and for mere suspi
cions, are going on. The slave trade is
flourishing, and our Governor gets the best share
ot it. No late accounts of insurrection among
the negroes. Our city is now healthy and
weather pleasant.
I From Mexico— There were two arrivala
from Mexico y esterday—the schr. Equity, from
Matamoros, with §42,000 in specie, and the
, schr. Magnet, from Campeachy, with §7OOO.
From the former port we could gather no intel
ligence of importance. A gentleman, who
came passenger from Campeachy, informs us
that it was rumored there that all the Mexicans
‘ were about to evacuate the town ol Laguna.
One hundred troops had already left for Vera
Cruz in a steamer, and it was thought the rest
■ would leave on the Bth mst. — N. O. Pic. March
16.
» Straw Hats and Bonnets to the amount ol
- §17,000, were made at Amherst, Mass., last
I ve»r.
AUGUSTA, GA THURSDAY
From the E. I'. Tribune, .March 19.
Later from Fhancf,.— By the packet ship
Ville de Lyons, Capt. S’odtlart, arrived yester
day' evening from Havre, whence she sailed on
10th ult., we have filesof Paris papers to the 9th
inclusive. The advices from Spain are, of
course, not much later. We trauslato-a lew
items:
The Government at Madrid, on the 2d of
Feb., was striving to keep up the appearance of
a tranquility which did not. fltist. The Minis
try' pretended to be in possession of positive evi
dence of treason against certain distinguished
persons whom they were aboht to make an ex
ample 01. One of them, the Deputy Madoz,
writes as follow s, to the Expcctadtn :
“It is 7 in the morning. They arc carrying
me, sick and feeble as 1 am, to prison; yet nev
er was Iso proud as at this moment, it is un
necessary for me to say to my friends that my
conscience acquits me ol all blame, that I will
yet confound my vile and infamous calumnia
tors, and will leach a bitter lesson to those foes of
liberty who have persecuted me.”
Valence was surprised on the 28th January
by Pantaleon Bonnet, who had been despatched
iii pursuit of some smugglers, with a body ol
250 foot and 8 horse. The Commandant was
taken prisoner, ard such of the soldiers as re
fused to take part with the insurgents were dis
armed. The insurgents then formed a. Junto
and appointed Bonnet President, and invested
him with the powers of Commander in-Chiel.
The Vice President of the Junto is the notorious
Republican, Manuel Carreas, implicated in the
hoiribleatisassiuatiqii of a Magistrate lour j ears
ago, and’Chief ot thesmu’gglers for that region.
At the same time that the gates of Alicante were
opened to the smugglers, the J»nto published a
proclamation demanding the overthrow of the
existing Government. ,
The Castellano contradicts the rumors of the
arrest of several eminent personages, amongst
whom were Gen. Concha, (who has fled from
Madr d,) Gen. Serrano, Gen. Marato, and the
Ex-Minister, Don Joaquin-Maria Lopez. The
only individuals, according to the Caslello.no,
who had been arrested, were MM. Madoz, Gar
uice, Garrido, Verda, Ors, Benedicto, and Li
nares.
Egypt.—The Marseilles Scmap/toreannounces
the death ot Boghos Bey, Minister of Commerce
and Foreign Affairs, and the oldest and most de
voted adherent of Mehetnet Ali. He died on
the 10th Jan. aged 70.
A few cases of the plague hadoccured at Da
mietta. Every where else was entirely healthy’.
Russia.—-Letters from St. Petersburg)! con
firm the account of the Russian victory' achie
ved by Gen Eregtag, at which 9000 Circassions
were slain ot taken prisoners. The Prince
Tschesscheng had writted to the Emperor Nich
olas that, if the least violence was offered to the
Prince’s son, who was amongst the Circassian
prisoners, he would visit the most terrible
vengeance upon the Russian officers in his.pow
er.
The Augsbtirgh Gazette states the the doc
trines of the French Communists were spreading
in Poland, and that several persons, convicted of
entertaining them, had been banished to Siberia.
The French Government steamer Sphinx had
been lost, and lour men were drowned and many
others injured.
'There were no changes in the Paris funds,
and wc see no French news, political or other
wise, of moment. The advices from England,
of eonrse. are not so late by thisatrival as those
previously received by the Siddons.
Honor to an Editor!—By’ the following, it
will be seen that our editorial brother of the N.
Y. Commercial Advertiser, has been duly nom
inated and adopted as a Sachem by the Seneca ,
Nation ot Indians. We congratulate our co
temporary upon this acquisition of high honor
—and trust that the first exercise of hrs new au
thority will be, to read his brother “ Sachems”
of Tammany a severe lecture, upon their ultra
savage political performances!
“ Ha dya-no-do,” who communicates the pro
ceedings of the Seneca Sachems, fortheßuffa- 1
Jo paper, is a native of that tribe. I
For the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. 1
The General Council ot the Seneca Chiefs, <
held at the Caltaraugui Creek Council House, ,
passed the following resolution, which lam
lequesled to communicate to you for publica- 1
tion: i
, _Resolvcd r -That-ili yl,i.' 'Y clviWt
i.-rvi’-os t > ns ri-m’r-r.-r' by nnilnw ol
dian history of this State’, for bis impartial ac- !
count of the Six Nations, embodied in the bio- •
graphical sketches of So.-goye-u-ai-h-ih, Red i
Jacket, and Tluiyendartagea, Brant; for his (
great hospitality to the Chiefs, who haveocca
sionally visited his residence; lor exposing to '
the public in his journal from time to time, the I
glaring iniquities perpetrated upon our people .
by interested speculators; for these and many
other tokens of his good will towards us, the
Council return to him their great thanks, and ’
ever pray the Great Spirit that he may be pros- j
pered in all good works, and finally attain to a
long and a happy life. ‘
Resolved, That we nominate and adopt him I
in honor, a Chief ot the Nation.
In pursuance of this resolution, it was unani
mously agreed that he be received into the clan ,
of the While lliron, and be hereafter known by 1
the name of Sa-go-scn-o-ta., (meaning the man <
who perpetuates the exploits of brave men.)
Hereupon the Sachem Sahdegeoycs made the t
declaration thus:
To the Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors: Lis- c
ten ye now! 1, with my tongue, declare to all ;
men, everywhere, whether in the wigwam, in £
the forest, orin the village, that William L. ‘
Stone, Esq., the great news-teller of the city ot 1
New York, is this day, and in the moon of Ju I
thoo, (January’,) adopted into the can of the ;
White Heron, and he is named Sagoscnola:
Now I make this publication, that, whenever 1
you mav have an occasion to address him, say c
Sagoscnota, and he will know your voice. j
Sachem, Sahdegocyes, (two long equal skies,) p
of the Snipe Clan, Speaker.
Chief, Gaugoo, ol the Wolf Clan, his Secreta
ry’. Cattaraugus, in the winter of 1844. I • p
Seneca Nation, N. Y. f
And lor a moment there was a perfect silence, t
when with one voice they shouted nyiuh! nyiuh! '
nyivA! The Sachems immediately arose, and I
the Council adjourned. Col. Stone not being j
present, we had no opportunity to perform the
war challenge of “slriling the shield,” or in 1
singing the war song of our forefathers, which 1
is in itself a treat. Ha-dya-no-do. (
Important from the Society Islands.—lt ’
is stated in ‘The Friend,’ a paper printed at 1
Honolulu, Jan. 1.1844, that Admiral Du Petit
Thours arrived at Tahiti on the 2d Nov with
the “ Reine Blanche” and “ Daune,” of 50 guns
each, and the “ Tranie” of 64 guns. On the ;
6th, the Admiral dethroned the Glueen, and for- .
mally took possession ot the Society Islands,for
the throne of France —giving, as a reason for
so doing, that the U.ueen ha I refused to haul
down her flag; which had been presented to her
bv Commodore Nicholas, of the Englishraz.ee
Vindictive. Mons. Bruat had charged his func
tions to that of “ Governor of the French pos
sessions in the Pacific.” Mr. Pritchard, the
English Consul, has struck his fljg. The Ad
miral had ’ended about 300 troops, who with
about lot)operatives and artisans were at work
erecting fortii.cations, &c.
Phg’.s.x Bank Case —We published some
days since an account of lhe.caving in of this
establishment at Columbus, Ga. At the time
of tlie failure, the President, Mr. Fredetick
Martin, was in New York, “on bank business”
it is said. What sort ol business that may be,
m the case of such a concern, we are unable
with certainty to determine. Measures were
immediately taken to bring the managers of the
bank to a trial, and a requisition from tl e Go
vernor of Ga. on the Governor of New Y’ork,
for the body of Mr. President Martin, was dis
patched. When the officer arrived here, he
found his man in our city and had him put in
Jail. Yesterday he was brought on habeas corpus
before Judge Wardlaw and the case argued by
Counsel. His Honor will decide it this morn
ing. It was stated in Court that the Officer of
Georgia had proposed to Mr. Martin to relieve
him from confinement, if he would promise to
go back quietly and take his trial, which he re
fused to do.—Charleston Mercury, March 21sZ.
His honor Judge Wardlaw yesterday dis
posed of theapplication for the release of Mr.
‘Martin, “ late” President of the “ late” Phcenix
Bank of Columbus, Ga., by sending that gentle
man back to prison to await the application ol
the Executive of Georgia.— Chas. Mercury, ‘22d.
American Sheep Husbandry.—According to
recent calculations, there are at present thirty
four millionsol sheep in the United States—ex
hibiting an increase of upwards of five millions
during the last five years. These animals, ata
moderate and reasonable computation, are
worthalleast §70,000,000. The annual amount
of wool is estimated at 90,000,(MX) pounds, worth
about §10,000,000. Os the whole number ot
sheep in the United States, New Y’ork owns
nearly one fifth. —Pic.
g-L- The Public Debt of Mexico is estimated
at §82,000,000, and bears an annual interests of
§1.900.090. The actual income from all source,
ol revenue is about §13,000,000, and the annual
expenditures ol the government are a little over
this sum.
55* Another great Whig Convention, simi
lar to that held in 1840, is to be held on the
Tippecanoe battle ground on the 28th of May
■ext ,
MONDAY MCRNING,
i ■ :-zr.z: ■ , *,’v- : ye—
Clinch Killcmon. a
it gives us unqualified pleasure :ofl|Kun<T
i' the re-establishment of the above nhyßtpMililii
ry Corps—uni that, 100, in as; inf wtajfc, if sc
r conded by the encouragmentand
it ought to receive at the hnnil.-; of otitiji tlizer.s,
promises to make it one ol which will
unquestionably have a right Io be ptot&
At a meeting held last week, I he'Jgtowing
gentlemen were elected Officers andJßmtcbut
missioned Officers of the Corps:
Ebenezeii Stearns, Captain.
George T. Jackson, First
Isuam Thomson, Second do. ; -Mk. .
Thomas Barrett, Third do.
S. Campbell, First Sergeant.
.1. Morris, Second do.
C. Dwelle, Third do.
B. B. Russell, Fourth do.
J. Levy, Fifth do. * M
The election of Corporals has been jMSfpon
ed until another meeting.
The Roll, we understand, already pnfifjnts a
highly respectable array of names)<ye,ener
gy and ability ot the gentlemen M as
officers, promises etjery thing lor
and. efiictency of the Corps; and we'rtuxehire
hope that our citizens generally will step torward
with zeal and alacrity, and give the newly formed
Company such well-timed and generous aid as
will enable it to “go ahead,” beyond the possi
bility of “halting,” in any sense of the term, un
til the sum of its usefulness and honor shall be
fully completed.
New Jersey.—lt would seem that the pa rtizan
outrages committed by the late locofoco Legis
lature of New Jersey, are likely to have a dif
ferent effect from what those serfs of party an
ticipated. They appear, at the same time, Io
have aroused all the energies of the Whigs, and
to have excited the indignation ol the better
men of their own party—who have clung to
democracy as a pure and virtuous principle,
but who reject with scorn the “counterfeit pre
sentment” which the jacobins hold up for their
adoption.
The first response to their factious party le
gislation, from the intelligence and honesty of
the people, comes from the county ol Cumber
land, which was particularly “ Gerrymandered”
to make “ places” and “ spoils” for some of the
elite of the radical corps. At the town meetings
held since the adjournment of Jacobin Legisla
ture, the Whigs carried everything beforethem.
They ebeted their officers in 13out of 18towns.
A glorious rebuke!
The Trenton Gazette, when announcing the
above intelligence says, “unless some dissen
tions get among the Whigs, this fall, we must
beat our loco brethren, notwithstanding the loco
cutting and carving.”
“ Dissentions!” The people of New Jersey
must not think of such things! They owe it the
countrj’ —to political virtue and honesty every
where—to cut up jacobinism in that State,
root and branch
yk*The Washington Correspondent ot the N-
Y. Journal of Commerce, a locofoco paper, says
that ‘ the chances are that Chancellor Walworth
will not be conlimed’ as Judge ot the U. States’
Court. ‘He may not be rejected by a vote of tbe
Senate,’ the writer continues, ‘but the nomina
tion may not, and I feel assured will not, bead
ed upon. As the Supreme Court have closed
their session for this year, myopinion is, that
no confirmation will be made by the Senate, and
in this opinion I am sustained by the openly ex
presspd. pmpiqn cf.foadiag. members ot Con-
It is the further opinion .' ,
that the intention is, to let the nomiiitirm rest
until a new President shall come in, as was the
case with the nomination of Mr. Crittenden bv
Mr. Adams—when Chancellor W.’s name will
be withdrawn, as Mr. C.’swas by Jackson, and
a new name be sent in.
YVe hope these anticipations may be realized.
When Mr. Clay coraes in, a selection will be
made of a Judge who will command the respect
and confidence of the people, and who will not
be a mere automaton, or worse, on the t ench.
O’The Whig members of the Legislature
New Jersey, before leaving Trenton, held a
caucus, at which they nominat' d the Hon
Theodore Fkelinghuysen as a candidate for
the Vice Presidency, to be submitted to the de
cision of the National Convention. A more
pure, honest and able citizen, and true-hearted
and virtuous Whig, could not he named for
that office. Well can it be said of the Whig
Party, that there is not a State in the Union,
in which they could not point out, in their
ranks scores of freemen, capable and worthy
of filling the highest posts—and without bring
ing reproach upon either themselves, their
party, or their country.
O”“ Ten dollars and costs,” seems to be the
price fixed by the Criminal Court at Washing
ton, for a disgraceful assault and battery, pro
vided it be committed by an Honorall: of the
House of Representatives, and in the legislative
hall. That was the amount of the fine imposed
upon Bully YVeller for his late assault upon the
Reporter of the Baltimore Patriot. The Judges
of the above Court must have most magnificent
ideas concerning the majesty of the laws, or else
look upon ten dollars as “ almighty big sum.”
J/rJoiiN 1. Coddington, late Potmaster of
New York, has been nominated by the locolocos
as their candidate for Mayor, over tvo dem
agogue opponents, a Mr. Purdy andElyMoore.
Mr. C. is a man of fair standing; but it strikes '
us cannot be considered as a very good locofoco! j
He certainly is not one of tbe strictest of the
sect.
57 s Th'.’ free-traders in Congress propose to :
cut down the duty upon bools and shoes, so as !
o per: J he importation, in large quantities, of |
he -I,’p hop”aiticlesofFranceandEngland, I
to cnmp'.-te, ruinously to American industry, ;
with 1.. ■ better made home work. After this, I
we expect to see every shoemaker marching up
to the polls to deposit his vote for Mr. Van Bu
ren—for whose benefit the alteration of theduty
upon shoes is to be made. “ Walk up 1 gentle
men—walk up! and deposit your ballots for
the free trade candidate !”
Oregon Question.—An English paper states,
that in answer to a question from Lord John
Russel, relative to the Oregon question, and tbe
state of the negotiations, Sir Robert Peel said
that some progress towards an arrangement had
been already made, and the British minister who
had gone out had very full instructions on the
subject.
Should the question be settled without a fight,
it would break the hearts of Benton and other
war-hawks.
Remarkable Accuracy.—ln the Report
made by a Committee ot the American Institute
(says the N. V. Tribune) on the Commer
cial Intercourse of the United States and Great
Britain, recently published, it is stated that the
average rate of duties payable on articles ot
British manufacture, as shown by a calculation
on 36 articles, is thirty-two per cent. Th: ac
curacy of this estimate is proved by the duties
actually paid on imports into New-York and
Boston for the month of February.
Thus, in New York, the average duty paid
ou dutiable articles was 34 per cent.
In Boston the same was 31 per cent.
Making an average ot 32j per cent, for the
two ports.
O’ B might be supposed that the result of
the New Hampshire Election was not worth
making a “hurrah” about —but nevertheless
our locofoco friends seem to be in a good deal
of ecstacy, because it has not gone against them,
even though the Whigs made no serious effort
«o «arrv it.
< ofthr Chrcrrtvele fl* ficrilinel.
Mu.LunaKviLi.:'.,'JlM Match, 1844.
Messrs. Editors—l hasten, bcloie the hlail
e clows this mornin.”, to furnish you a brief sketch
* of Mr. Clay’s visit to this place. Attended by
* the Milledgeville Committee, who met him fit
* Gordon, seventeen miles distant, Mr. Clay
> reached here on Tuesday last about noon. He
I is accompanied by hi., sat John, a youth of
some twenty years of age, find his laithful ser.
J vane, the distinguished C'Aories. Although ac
’ cnstomed to seeing Mr. Clay, almost annually,
for the last twenty years, 1 have never seen him
inthe enjoyment of more vigorous health or
buoyant spit its. His towering form is still erect
as when it first struck my youthful admiration ;
as then, his eye retains its brightness, his fea
tures their peculiar eloquence of expression, his
smile its power of fascination. Men whose
great fame have preceded them are rarely able
to sustain the greediness of expectancy and
anticipation ; but, verily, judging from the itn
pressionmade here, Mr. Clay will oltener exceed
it than fall short of it. God makes but few
such men as Henry Clay, and the creation o
such is stamped upon the page of history in
indelible lines. It is impossible to be in his
Crvsenue oncuot fed hi» influence. He must
cab despise him. I am no man-worshipper,but
I would rather be Henry Clay than any man
living. In his youtfi, his education was neglect
ed; no fostering hand entwined collegiate honors
round his brow ; no Alma JWlzZerclaims him for
her son ; nevertheless, in the language of Mr.
Woodbury, “he stands a head and shoulders
taller than any man in this nation !”
At 11 o’clock, on Tuesday, a procession was
formed on Jefferson street, the great length of
which “astonishedthe natives.” Accompanied
by a band of music, it marched to the “ Harry
Clay’ House,” and formed a circle around a
beautilul carpet covered rostrum, erected in front
for the reception of Mr. Clay, and upon which
Gov. Crawford and the Committee took their
position.- in waiting for the arrival of the illustri
ous visitor. He arrived about 12 o’clock, an!
after being seated lor a few moments. Mr. Clay
and Gov. C. arose, when the latter addressed
him for a quarter of an hour in a most touching 1
ant! impressive manner, alluding to some of the 1
more prominent incidents in the public life of 1
Mr. Clay, calculated to awaken, as it did
awaken, the ardent and lively patriotism of the
veteran statesman. Mr. Clay responded in a 1
speech of quite an hour and a ball, in which 1
there were many instructive as well as eloquent '
passages. He referred tenderly and pathelical- 1
ly to the relations which had ever, without inter
ruption, existed between himself and Win. H. 1
aqt ot ajuojajai ut uoiits.td stq pauijap—ptojMEjQ '
Cherokee treaty —and expatiated at some length
upon the operations of the tariff system. He s
declared that between Crawford, Jackson and *
Adams for the Presidency, Mr. C. had been his •
first choice, and feelingly described the effects of f
paralysis upon that gentleman, which forbade
the exercise of his choice.
He declared that it was his thorough convic- 6
tion that Iraud had been practised by some of £
the Government employees upon the Cherokee ’
Indians, an 1 that under that conviction he could '
not ami he did not vote for the treaty. <
I have neither the space nor the time to give 1
you the striking illustrations of his practical 5
mind upon the operations of the Tariff. He *
declared himself the uncompromising opponent
of all ultraistn in all things, as the destructive <
principle of every good—equally opposed to ex- 1
travagant duties on the one hand, as he was to t
“ free trade” on the othet. t
Di: in.r.fc’ ..,V< I>, 1 rrqiarked that hf s
did not moisten his lips. After he had etosed, I
lie was conducted to the hall room, which Me- c
Comb had titled up at considerable expense, *
where he interchanged salutations with the peo- 11
pie, some of which, (the salutes with which some *'
of the young ladies met him) in my selfish natl
lure, 1 could not help but envy him,
A few of the better natured portion of the
“democracy” profess to have “fallen in love” a
with Mr. C.; others, with clenched teeth, seem ■'<
but half disposed to restrain the “ deep muttered n
curse;” while some of those who have indulged fi
the pleasing anticipation of praying the'game 11
called Execulive-ciumb-calcliiiig, seem struck
with a sortbfdumb-all-cverness.
Alter dinner at McComb’s, he became the a
guest of Gov. Crawford, where he'remained un- °
til he left lor Savannah, at 4 o’clock last even- 11
ing, accompanied as far as Gordon by the Go- Sl
vemor and several other gentlemen, who will "
v
return tomorrow.
Surely the “ giant’s robe” seems made for him.
His “is a combination and a form indeed,” '
which “give the world assurance of a man.”
Yours, &c. A. Z. e
4 q
All hail Wilkes County !—TheClaj’ Club s
of Wilkes county, have duly nominated the fol- 0
lowing gentlemen as a Committee “to wait c
upon the Hoti. Henry Clay, in the City of Au
gusta, in behalf of the Club.” This is well done p
for our brethren of W ilkes. j
David E. Butler, Gilbert H. Wotlen, v
Edward M. Burton, John Finley, a
Geo. F. Buchanan, James T. Hackney, p
M. T. Anthony, Benjamin B. Hardin,
David G. Cutting, M. J. Siiehan,
John O. Colley, William Slaton, fi
George W. Carter, Benjamin W. Fortson,
M. P. Callaway, Joseph Oglesby, .
James R. Dußose, Nicholas Taliaferro, I
Richmond Dorougli, George W. Williams, u
Thomas F. L’ennard, John Stokes,
Simeon C. Ellington, William Coats,
Fielding Fieklen, George W. Callaway, ]
John B. Green, John Fanning, t'
Lucius J. Gartrell, Thomas Sutto 4
William S. Heard, Benjamin T. Bowdre, ti
James P. Graves, Thomas Bowdre,
Georg :W. Jarrett, James H Chivers, e
John I'ettu;', James Tinsley,
Siephi.'ti U. Pettus, David Tinsley,
A.Po e, jun H. L. Embrv,
Willimu H. Pope, 11. F. Ellington, "
J. J. Robertson, James W. Flynit, o
Robert R. Randolph, Reuben Webster, (l
V.’illiam M. Reese, Charles YV. Gresham, .
I James It. Sn i d, John Huguley, 1
John R. Settimes, Peter Luucefotd, o
Thomas Semmes, D. YV. McJ unkin,
William Stone, YVilliam R. Peteet, t |
Robert Toombs, JoshuaC. Williamson,
Garland YVingfield, Tillman Dozier,
A. S. Wingfield, William R. Foot, F
James N. Wingfield, James Harris,
Samuel Barnett, Geo. McKenny, Sr. a
William Q. Anderson, William H. Simpson,
Edward R. Anderson. William Woodall,
Thomas A. Heard, John Q.. West. r
Thomas Prather, Jacob Zellers, .
F. G. Wingfield, Samuel Danforth, ‘
James R. Elliott, Joseph Powel, e
John Florence, YVilliam D. Quinn, . t
Dennis Paschall, Sen. YVilliam Quinn, |
Samuel Paschall, Sen. Lemuel B. Wynn, ,
Lewis Slusser, William W. Baird,
Bedford Cade, Christopher Binns, 1
James Huling, Wylie P. Hill, c
Reuben Smith, L. M. Hill,
James W. Strawn, Jesse M. Jackson,
William L. Wotten, John C. Williamson, '
Samuel YV. YVj-nn, Samuel T. Burns, t
T. P. P. Tate, Seaborn Callaway, sen. s
Felix Thurmond, Parker Callaway, ‘
Thomas P. Burdett, Chenoth Callaway, ‘
Joseph A. Carter, YVelcome Fanning, j
Gideon Cooper, A. El Dozier, ;
Amos Huguley, John YV. Heard,
Elbert G. Harris, John S. Poole,
Charles A. Killgore, Gideon G. Norman, 1
BenajahA. Prather, Clement Sharman. <
The spirit which animates a portion, at 1
least, of our Whig brethren in Connecticut,
may be inferred from the fact, that at the orga
nization of the Clay Club in thetown of Vernon,
every W hig voter in the town was present. In
184<>, this town gave Gen. Harrison a majority
of 201 votes. It must be a glorious town to live
tn, as many in the adjoining State ofNew Hamp
shire are “ to emigrate from.”
Advices from Havana state that on the
Ist March some 20 individuals were to be ban
ished to Spain for participating in the late trou
bles. This decision was made by the Captain
General. The decreesofhisExcellency are said,
to be despoticandarbitary,butare tolerated with
e»mplaty resignation.
Dr. Gardner’s Irectures, No. 3.
After some remarks ot a general character
I the learned lecturer proceeded at once to the
i consideration of the question,
•’ ARF. THE PLANETS INHABITED?
1 On this point our information cannot beposi
! tipie, because of the inadequacy of the ineans
: tor its attainment. We can, however, reason
-1 ing fropi analogy, approximate towards a defi
‘ nite and satisfactory solution of the question-
Our knowledge of the earth is certain, because
1 it is derived Irom observation, investigation and
1 analy'is. By these and other means, we find
that the globe which we inhabit has certain
‘ adaptations and capacities calculated to sustain
animal and vegetable life, in all its gradations
and mutations. If these adaptations arc found
to exist in the planets, the design of the Creator
may be inferred with a reasonable degree of
certainty and precision. Like causes produce
like effects—like capabilities indicate likeputyo
ses, and like appendages and special arrangements,
adapted to the support of animal and vegetable
life, as certainly lead us to a belief in a knowl
edge of its existence.
Takea rose, for instance. We know it pos
sesses particularproperties; that those properties
enable US‘o apply it tp a particular use. Now
suppose,’travellers in a strange land, we were ♦<>
discover a flower presenting the same general
outlines of appearance, the same general pro
portions, the same teints, the same grateful per
fume—we would at once infer that it was adap
ted to the same purposes, and could be applied
to the same uses, as the rose —in fact, that it was
a rose, by whatever name designated. The pro
perties being the same, the effects the same, we
are forced to the conclusion that the design of the
Creator was the same I In the same way we
j udge of two or more complicated pieces of ma
chinery. If they have the same general resem
blance to some other piece of machinery, with
the uses of which we are acquainted—if they
possess the same properties ana capabilities—
we at once infer the same design in their framer,
and look for the same results in their action.
these principles applied.
Now let us consider the earth. What are
those capabilities and adaptations— those appli
ances and special arrangements which enable
this globe to sustain and perfect animal and
vegetable existence ?
1. Light and heat are regularly dispensed to
the earth from the great centre of the system —
the only original source known to us whence
emanate these most essential principles ofvitali
ty to both the animal and vegetable kingdoms.
2. These are diffused uniformly. The orbit of
the earth is a circle and not an ellipse, as in the
case of the Comets. Moving at nearly a uni
form distance from the sun, our planet is not
subject to these sudden and violent transitions
from the extremes of heat and cold, which must
be fatal to all those species of vitality known
to us.
3. They are diffused equally.
Tho diurnal motion of the earth, or its rotation
on Us own axis, gives us the grateful changes of
day and night, or the division of light and dark
ness into average periods of about twelve hours.
Physiologists agree thjt these are essential to
the alternate activity and repose of certain func
tions of both animals and plants, and that these
alone could reinvigorate their otherwise ex
hausted powers. i
4. The earth revolves upon a particular axis,
or an axis having a particular inclination. It
might have presented the same hemisphere always
to the sun, as does the moon to our earth. In
that case there would have been perpetual day
ami unabated heat in one hemisphere, and per
petual night and insufferable frigidity in the 1
other. By the particular inclination of the ax- 1
■is, however, to the plane of its orbit, we have 1
not only the agreeable variation in the length ol >
the days and nights, but the grateful changes of
the seasons, by which are vouchsafed to us J
“ seed time and harvest, summer and winter.” 1
5. The divisions of land and water, and their j
attendant phenomena of evaporation, clouds, rain, I
springs, rivulets, rivers, oceans, the Doctor pro- ‘
nounced all essential qualities and provisions I
for the support and perfection of organized be- r
ings. These are enjoyed in a high degree by o
the inhabitants of the earth. s
6. So also of the atmosphere; without which a
animal life could not exist for a moment; with- f
out which our transitions from midnight dark- c
ness to thefull effulgence of noonday, would be ;
so sudden as to be utterly insufferable; and £
without the reflective and diffusive power of t
which, every place and apartment into which f
the rays of the sun are not directly thrown, c
would be in total darkness. ]
These adaptations might be greatly mnltipli- i
ed, but it is not necessary now to do so. The t
question now is, Do the planets possess them in t
such a degree as to justify us in the belief that (
organised beings, such as we are familiar with, t
could exist upon their surfaces ?
The Doctor then proceeded to show, that in
the case of three of the planets, viz: Venus, ,
Mars end Mercury, (those nearest to us, and of ;
which our telescopic observations are the most .
accurate and precise,)dopossess most, ifnot all,
these essential qualities.
1. They are spherical or globous in their t
form.
2. They revolve round the sun in circular
(not elliptical) orbits: they enjoy, therefore, t
uniformity of light and heat.
3. They revolve around their own axes, in ,
nearly the same time as the earth: they have, ,
therefore, the alternations of night and day.
4. Those axes have nearly the same inclina
tion as that of the earth: therefore those planets ,
enjoy nearly the same variations of the seasons. \
5. Clouds are clearly discoverable floating
upon their surface. This could not be the case
unless these planets had an atmosphere, and with- i
out the presence of moisture-, but tbe presence
of moisture proves the existence of waler: there
fore, these planets have atmosphere and waler up- .
on their surfaces.
6. But all intelligent astronomers agree that
they can, by means of the telescope, discover
evidences of the existence ol mountains in the
planets.
Having, then, water and atmosphere, and land
and light and heal, let us again ask the question
—For what purpose were they created? Surely
not as mere lights in the heavens. The small
portion which they have even of that is borrow
ed trom the sun. YVheretore, then, their crea
tion? For what purpose this vast assem
blage ol means and capabilities? Analogy
forces us to the conclusion that that purpose
must have been the same which prompted the
creation of tbe earth. But the earth, as we well
know, was created tor the support of animal and
vegetable existences., and “ man the lord of all:’’
therefore we argue that the planets also sustain
similar existences ; and the probabilities are that
a being similar to man wields the sceptre jf
power in those distant worlds; a being enjoy
ing the powers and capacities of reason and of
moral action, perhaps in an infinitely higher de
gree than do we, yet fashioned by the same
creative hand, and possessed of similar aspira
tions after immortality.
THE PRrNCIPLE OF COMPENSATION.
The lecturer then considered the more distant
planets, and proceeded to show how, by the
simple principle of compensation, those bodies
might be considered and placed on an equality
with others revolving nearer the great centre of
light, of heat and vitality.
Jupiter, at a greater distance than the earth
trom the sun, enjoys proportionately less light:
yet this is compensated for by the existence of
lour moons, suspended in space, serving as im
mense reflectors to catch the scattered rays of
the snn, and throw them concentrated upp n the
•urfac« of the planet.
Saturn, still further off, is attended by
r seven satellites, together with a broad expanded
e ring of solid matter, performing similar offices:
So that the degree of light, which even the more
distant planets enjoy, cannot be materially less
than thatenjoyed by the inhabitants of the earth.
s The lecturer did not notice the fact, but it oc
curred to us, that the revolutions of these planets
upon their own axes, in the short apace of about
ten hours each, might be another highly probable
e source of compensation for theirimmensedistance
a from the sun, whilst it would require but aslight
a modification of the ordinary laws ot organiza
j tion to adapt animal and vegetable existence to
j this new state of being.
5 The Dr. then proceeded to show that the light,
; at Jupiter, was not more than about 300 times
r less than that of the earth, whilst the light of one
f of our brightest days was calculated to be about
. 300,000 times greater than the light of the moon;
therefore the learned lecturer concluded that the
day of Jupiter, though somewhat more dim than
ours, was nevertheless “ a very respectable sort
of a day !!’’
The Telescopic Views of the Planets were vast,
ly grand and imposing. They exhibited all the
1 recent discoveries of Beer and Madler, and also
the results of some observations recently made
, at Rome. The view of Mars exhibited the
I while appearance near the poles, declared by
Herschel to be snow, and which that astronomer
observed perceptibly to diminish during the
summer of that planet. It also showed a most
singular distribution of the land and water upon
the surface. The views of Saturn were truly
grand; but almost too precise and particular to
allow the impression that they were exactly true
to nature. But after what has already been un
folded by science, what may we not anticipate
from the discoveries ot its bold and untiring de
votees ?
In the course of the lecture, the Doctor also
detailed the manner in which the diurnal revo
lutions of Mercury and Venus were discovered
by a German astronomer; but we have not time
to give details.
The. series of Views of Palestine, &c., were not
equal to those of Rome. It is probable, however, '
that the different orders of architecture, and some
slight derangement of the optical instruments, 1
may account tor the apparent deficiency.
The lecture was very instructive and interest
ing, though perhaps the speaker dwelt occasion
ally too long and too minutely upon mere de* (
tails. ,
No. 4.
Having considered the more important of the _
regular portions of the Solar System, the lectur
er now proceeded loan investigation of those (
eccentric bodies which occasionally come with. (
in the scope of our observation, and to which (
astronomers have given the name of
COMET 3.
This portion of the universe, when philoso
phically and rationally considered, is indeed the j
most insignificant part of creation, still, from £
the very eccentricity of their orbits—from their t
sudden appearance in, and disappearance from t
our part ot space—<tnd from the multitude of t
popular superstitions: connected therewith—the
importance of these cometic bodies is vastly en- 5
hanced, both to the man of science, and the pop- t
ular audience.
Under the earlier and more imperfect inves- ,
tigatio.is of astronomical science, the explana- c
tion of the nature and movements of the more
regular part of our system, was all that philoso
phers accomplished. Even up to the days of (
Sir Isaac Newton, the nature and movements '
of the Comets were shrouded in mystery. That
philosopher, in discovering the existence and
operations of the laws of gravitation, furnished
the key which unlocked the whole temple of the
heavens, and unfolded its mysteries to the devo
lees of science.
Newton’s Principia was published about the (
year 1686. In the chapter of that great work
which treats of this newly discovered law ol (
gravitation, and its application to the move
ments of the planets, Newton remarks, that c
“ this law does not render it necessary that all ,
bodies subjected to its influence should necessa
rily revolve in circular orbits around the great
centre of attraction.” “ Though the planets do (
so t evolve, it might be that a body could revolve
around the sun in an orbit of an elliptical or oval £
form.” “ True,” said Newton, "we now know
of no such body; but this does not prove that a
in the process of time and observation, such may ,
not come to our knowledge.” Wonderful tri- (
umph of Science ! What a triumph, this, ot the
process of analogical reasoning! What a proof
of the importance ot philosophical speculation !
Here, by the simple process ot inductive reason
ing, we find the law which governs the move
ments of a body, and which marks its track
through the dark abyss ol space, prescribed and c
correctly determined, b efore the facts are known t
to actual observation!
THE RESUL T OF THIS. (
Guided by these general principles laid down r
by Newton, astronomers commenced a series of (
investigations upon the several comets which s
appeared in the latter part of that century, and ,
prior to 1700. Newton lived to see his predic- t
lions fully verified, and the important fact es
tablished beyond controversy, that the orbits of j
comets are very elliptical,- that such form is in ,
perfect obedience to the law of gravitation; and ,
that it is not even necessary that all of their r
orbits should be in precisely the same pla,ne; for I
comets are found to traverse space in every pos- i
sible direction. (
NUMBER OF COMETS. (
From the great intervals between the return |
of the comets, we are apt to suppose their num- ,
ber to be very small. This is a mistake. Let ,
us consider, that they are only seen by reflected |
light; that the extent of their elliptical orbits is
so great as to render them visible only for a
short time during their nearest approach to the
sun; that much the larger proportion of such as
do appear in our system, are discoverable only
through the telescope; and we will conclude
them to be a host indeed. Astronomers have
recorded, within a tew centuries, the appearance
of nearly five hunfired; and we have good rea
son to suppose that there are thousands of others
constantly traversing space, which cannot be
seen by us, because of their great attenuation,
and their immense distance Irom the sun, by
whose light alone they are rendered visible.
ARAGO’S ESTIMATE.
This philosopher, procet ding upon the sup
position that comets are universally distributed
throughout space, has macle a very curious, and,
in fact, a very ingenious of their num
ber. The Doctor gave si jmething like the fol
lowing statement of Aras o’s argument:
1. Thirty comets are kr iown to ha ve their pe
rihelion within the orbit of Mercury.
2. The whole space embraced by our entire
planetary system, in all-directions, is about 125,-
000 times as great as that within the orbit of
Mercury.
3. Then it (if the comets traverse ev
ery part of the system,) that the whole number
perceptible in dark ness, is equal to thirty times
125,000, or 3,750,000!! But one-half of the
comets which come n iti jin the orbit of Mercu
ry, are not percept ible o n account of the light of
day, and their gre at ten uity; therefore, by ana
logy, we may calculate that the whole number
of comets which pass v tithin the limits of our
system is about 7, ,500,0 f K>! 1
This, of course, is m ere speculation, and not
entitled to much consideration, except only to
show the vastness of c reation, and the extremi
ties to which as trononr. ets are sometimes carried
by their zeal and entl msiasm in the ca use of
science.
PHYSICAL CONST ITUTION OF COMITS.
If, however, the number of these bodies,
•weeping thret jgh »; face, ie eyeu a qna tenth
VOL. VIII.—NO. 13
as great as is supposed by Arago, and U
their motions are so extremely eccentric, it be
comes a matter of great and grave considera
tion, to determine what is their phyricml pmutitis
twn, and what the probability and consequences
of their ever coming in contact with our earth.
Comets are believed to be twpersw nzZutoiias,
of ext reme rarity, tenuity and transpareney. They
are mutter, though we have no proof that they
are solid. That comets are extremely subtle and
light bodies, the Doctor demonstrated—
I. By the fact, that though they do not exer
cise any perceptible attractive power upon the
planets, still they are found to be most wrongly
operated upon by those bodies. Thia he sus
taine.l by the case of the comet of 1769, common
ly known as •
TBE LOST COMIT.
This body was discovered by Lexau. to com
plete its revolution round the sun in about firn*
and a half years. Astronomers were at first as
tonished, that a body revolving so near the
earth, and in such rapid succession, had not been
previously discovered. After tbe rccurretme of
five and a half years, however, its reappearance
fully confirmed Lexell’i calculations. On
the recurrence of a third period, moreover, the
body did not appear, and was for a long time
looked upon as a kind of reproach to astrons
mers.
Laplace solved the mystery. He showed
that this comet, in approaching the sun, came
into proximity to Jupiter, and was so powerfully
attracted by that planet as to be thrown into a
neworbil. The period of Jupiter’s revolution
being eleven years, {double that of the comet,) that
body, on its second revolution, came again with
in reach of the planet, and, in its passage off in
to space, was so powerfully attracted as to past
directly through the midst of his satellite!!
Now what was the result ? Though the
comet was so powerfully attracted to the planet,
what was its countervailing influence upon
the satellites, those inferior bodies? Did it
cause them to rush madly and in confusion
from their spheres ? So far from this, they mani
fested the most “supreme and contemptuous in
difference to its presence."
Does not this prove, beyond all possible doubt,
that the substances of these bodies are almost
inconceivably rare and light—that if all the
comets in the universe (even Arago’s seven
millions and a half) were rolled together in a
single mass, their combined and concentrated
influence eould not be felt by the most insignifi
cant body attached to our system—that they
would be only “ as the small dust” in the great
scales of the universe?
2. The Dr. remarked, secondly, in proof ot
the great rarity and subtlety of cometic matter,
that we are not compelled to rely upon mere
speculation. So late as 1842, Sir John Haasca
el, made a series of observations upon
ieila’s comet.
The body was found to be about 30,000 miles
in diameter, yet so extremely transparent, that
a cluster ol stars ofthel6lA magnitude was dis
tinctly seen through its very nucleus! Indeed
the starscan readily be discovered through the
tail of many of the comets with the naked eye 1
Under this view of the subject, tbe timid may
well take leave of all apprehensions ot danger
to our earth from these erratic bodies. Their
gravity is not sufficient to disturb us even when
we make every allowance for their almost in
conceivable velocity.
THE TAILS or COMETS.
On this subject the Dr. was disposed to ba
rather facetious. These remarkable appendages
of our eccentric visitors might be considered as
rather prodigious—varying in length from 60 to
150 millions of miles. That of the eomet oi
1843 was about 120 millions of miles long I
Their origin and nature had been the cause of
much unsatisfactory speculation. Some pro
nounced them to be merely the loose portion of
the comet, passed off from the nucleus in its
passage through space. Others, that it was
caused by the repulsion of the sun’s heat!
The first went upon the supposition that
comets followed the almost universal fashion,
and carried their tails behind them. Now it so
happened that they were almost the only objeefs
in nature that did not conform to dais fashion;
therefore the theory could not be sustained.
Equally strong objections existed to the second
conjecture; for though the tails of comets did
generally point from the sun, they sometimes
also point towards that luminary, and in faet
may be found at almost every conceivable angle
to that body. .
Finally, upon this subject we are forced to
the humiliating confession that we are totally
ignorant ol both the causes and nature ot these
appendages.
THE END.
Can the comets so fall within the attraction
of the sun as to be ultimatly swallowed up ia
that luminary?
This question the Dr. answered by remarking
that for several centuries two opinions prevailed
relative to the motion of light, viz: the corpuscular
theory and the undulatory. The weight of rea
son, nowever, was in favor of the latter. It was
reserved tor Encke, during a series of observa
tions upon the comet bearing his own name, to
give a satisfactory solution of this question.
He discovered that the body in its progress to
wards the sun, met with a certain resistance,
which could only be produced by some subtle
medi m. This led Encke to the conclusion
hat all space was filled with an exceedingly rare
and subtle fluid, which served not only as a medi
um for the communication or motion of light,
but also presented such a resistance to the
heavenly bodies, as must gradually so overcome
the centrijugosl force as to cause them ultimately
to tall into the ocean of flame which surrounda
the centre of the system! This influence may
be, and doubitlessis, very slight. Itmayeven re
quire miliums- of years to aceompliah the result;
but the laws of nature must be changed or the
end will come. This is probable of all planet
ary bodies, but more especially so of the comets
owing to their physical charaster, and more es
pecially their extremely light and aerial com
position.
The Dr. also explained and refuted Whitton's
theory, viz: that the Mosaic Delnge was pro
duced by the comet of 1680.
SUPERSTITIONS.
‘Comets are most unfortunately a fruitful
source of superstition. They are supposed to
control the weather and the seasons, and to have
a mysterious connection with numberless events
in life and nature. When a remarkable comet
appears, be the season warm or cold, wet or
dry, healthy or sickly, it is of course attributed
to the eccentric visitor. Like alcbolic drinks, it
is the universal “ King cute all and King kill
all." And as we have a number of comets
every year, it is most fortunate that superstition
is almost always supplied with “ an ill for every
comet and a comet for every ill." The Doctor
then related, with much effect, the anecdote of a
certain Dr. Forster, who wrote a book connect
ing the various epidemics, with the appearance
of the several comets; but was so far at a loss
for a calamity in one instance, that he gravely
attributes to the innocent visitor the cruelty of
producing an universal mortality among the
Wes'phalia cats!
The Dr. gave the details of some of Arago’s
experiments, which clearly prove, from facts,
that comets, like the moon, have no material in
fluence upon the seasons or the weather.
1 The telescopic views of the comets, as well as
> the illustrations of the eclipses, were truly
■ grand.
1 No. «.
I Havingalreadyconsideredthosebodies which
c impose the solar system—having treated of
tieir distances from, and their relations to, the
i, eommon centre- having spoken of their nature,
blaheir aapabili ties and prebabls Assign—tbe ira-