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aud .will only c ept ur-.ers tioui Hieii reguiat
customers, limned tothe usual monthly average
„j their purchases. Common birs, in Wales,
are now £9 per ton nett, but the makers are n.a
disposed to sell much mi ; terms
I’ig Iron in Glasgow his been sold these last
Te w days in large quantities at £4 15s. nett cash,
but £'> is now refused lor all numbers The
wholesale ; rice cd Welsh bars (common) tn the
Liverpool market, is £9 10s. per ton; nail rod
£lO 10s.; best bars £ll Ills, to £l2, sheets and
boiler plates £l3; and oilier sorts in proportion.
Speculattfts and dealers are not at all anxious to
sell, it being now quite clear that prices must go
tip as high as they ranged in former periods,
when the same causes, which now exist, were
in operation. The amazing demand lor iron lor
railway purposes, not only in Great Britain
but throughout the continents of Europe and
America, is beyond any thing like former pre
cedent. For Britain alone bills have actually
passed (or lines which would occupy all the
iron-works in it nearly two years to supply, it
they did nothing else, to say nothing of the in
creasing consumption lor iron ships, steamers
andouier purposes. What will be the maximum
at this period none can tell.
Since the above was tn type we arc inform
ed of a quotation from Wales, at £lO, mer
chant bars, free on board ; £l2 has been ob
tained for 14,000 tons of rails, but £l2 10s. is
now asked. Common bars in the Liverpool
market, therefore, tnay almost be considered at
£lO 10s., and we understand pigs were sold yes.
terday, on Change, at £s7s. 6d., andeven £5
10s. cash in G.asgow.
from the Aete Orleans Picayune Extra.
The Foot Race— 10 miles within the Hour.
Gilderslecve again a Winner I
This long talked of event came off on Sun
day before the laigest crowd «e ever saw upon
the Metairie Coutse. Thestands were full and
the interior of the course prese ted an immense
number of carriages, equestrians and pedestri
ans. The weather was delightful, being quite
warm, the sky clear and the condition ol the
track perfect. A pretly stiong breeze prevailed
which probably refreshed more than it retarded
1 Wh“n' the bell sounded for the comperimre nr
come forth, out of the nine entries three came
to the stand—Giidersleeve, Archer and Elwotth
Just as they were to receive their instructions,
out pounced from ihe window ol a bar-room
under the stand “the man in the mask.” He
performed the feat with the agility of Harle
quin and took place with the resi.
He looked like a prize fighting heel-butcher,
long out of training; and, heavens! v.hal a
mask 1
Having received their instructions, the word
was given to go, and off they went abreast in
the older we have named lhem. Giidersleeve
struck offal a prodigious rate at once. They
were running in Indian file before they had gone
a quarter ol a mile the winner being first, Arch
er second. Ellworth and “the man in the mask”
last. These positions were never changed in
the race. The masked votuh ‘‘got enough of
it” in the first quarter, but he lugged on tor five
eighths of a mile, when he with characteristic
mystery disappeared. We presume he lay
down in the ditch to cool himself. The next
we saw ol him he was crossing the bridge lead
ing to the stables with melancholy steps and
slow, pondering,doubtless, upon the destitution
of the orphans of ihe city. How he got into
the adjoining field, unless he crawled under the
fence, we are totally unable to conjecture. We
leave him to his laurels.
The time of Gildersleeve's first mile was
given at 5.30. He had a strong lead on Archer,
as had the lalter upon Ellwonh. The gaps be
tween each were increasing with every stride,
but it was almost impossible to see the runners
from ihe stands save in ihe home stretch, they
were escorted by so many equestrians and oth
ers insid ihe course. When Gil finished his
two miles in II minutes, he was very neatly
half a mile in advance of Ellworth. And so
he went on three miles in 17 minutes, when the
betting was as to where he would ove take and
piss Ellworth. This he accomplished in go
ing five miles, E.lworth having then completed
lour. The latter runs awkwardly and lapo-.
riously. He ran his third and fourth,miles
with a sponge in his mouth. Just as be came
tothe stand at ihe end of his four miles, he fell
as heavily as if be had been shot. He was as
sisted away and kindly provided for
The question now was where Gil would
pass his only remaining competitor, Archer.
The laiter ran five miles and rounu again tothe
draw-gates, making very nearly six—when Gil
dersleeve waaclose upon him and would doubt
less have passed him before reaching the stand.
Archer accordingly stopped and walked in.
The gallant winner continued his career in
really superb style, so light and aclive and easy
was his manner of going. The crowds cheer
ed as he passed, all wishing him success.
He completed his nine miles in 53:50, leav
ing him a wide margin for winning his money,
(Si miles within the hour,) and a chance to go
even ten miles, upon which there was much bel
ting. All the people in the field concentrated
themselves at the half-mile post. When Gil
. ' rgacl eii that point in 5(1:30, tire bell was rung
up from all the ground. 'He ' conlihued hTT
course bravely, and as he came into the quar
ter stretch, 'people poured irresistibly irom
the stands to greet him. With great difficulty
could a passage be cleared for him. The ener
gy of the officers, however, effected one, and he
came through amidst deafening shouts of ap
plause, having run his ten miles in 5950.
Before giving the summary, it should be sta
ted that the aggregate time of the race is un
doubtedly correct, while that of the different
miles is rather an approximation than other
wise. We give the time as it was called to the
winner as he passed the stand. This had to be
taken aitm st instantaneously, and entire accu
racy is not to be expe tied but from the most ex
perienced timer. The aggregate, we repeat, is
entirely correct.
Purse SSOO, to the persons performing the
greatest distance within the hour, provided that
at least 9J miles be done—nine entries at $5
each.
/ MILES
hcsners. lai. 2d. 3d. 4th. sth. 6Jh ‘th. Sth 9th. V'th.
Gildetsleeve 1... 1... 1...1...1...1....1...1,, |. i~
Archer 2...2...2...2...2
Ellwonh... 3. ..3. ..3...3
■•H. 8.”....be11ed.
Time $ ?»', ? ? 8 8 S S 8 8 5 3 13
( jriin.hn o o io io o' to to to I o
The Gold Region. —The Dahlonega JlateA
nian says: —We believe there is no application
of labor that yields a better return than the gold
mining business. And it has been, and still is,
a matter of surprise that in the dearth ol em
ployment, so tew have been attracted towards
the gold region. All the occupied mines in this
vicinity are affording ample remuneration lor
the labor bestowed upon them, yet the universal
complaint is, that hands cannot be procured.
Why do not the citizens of the neighboring
counties who are starving upon cotton and corn
plantations, come and give the gold region a
trial? Even it they do not embark themselves
in the enterprise, they can hire their hands ala
rate which will afford belter wages than can be
realized at home. From eight to ten dollars a
month can easily be obtained for good hands—
black or white; and the demand lor them is
very great. Our village can boast ol many en
terprising merchants, with large, well assorted
and cheap supplies of goods. The competition
is so great that prices are reduced down to the
lowest living rate; all kinds of country produce
are abundant and very cheap. In view of all
which considerations, we repeat that there is no
country offering greater inducements than our
own.
It is a common error to suppose that the pre
cious metals are well nish exhausted from our
hills and vallies—that was the cry ten years ago
—and yet the business has been increasing ever
since. In order to throw some light upon this
point, we subjoin a statement' showing the
amount of gold deposited at our Mint during
the first three months ol 1814 and 1845-show
ing an increase this year of 13,184 dwts.
1844. ' 1845.
January, 25,288 dwts. January, 25 157 dwts.
Febr’y., 31156 “ Febr’y., 31299 “
March, 28,353 ■■ March, 44 530 “
87,802 “ 100 986 “
87802 “
Increase, 13,184 “
Ecorse Sue.—A letter in Graham’s Maga-«
zine, from Mr. F. J. Grund, now at Paris, is
lull of intelligence, and among other things he
thus speaks of Eugene Sue, and his two tast
ers
“He lives nowbv the product of hisindustry,
*" princely style ; but his enjoyments are trou
bled bv the constant fear of being poisoned by
his political and religious adversaries. He has,
therefore, contracted an intimate friendship with
Iteo large, beautiful Newfoundland dogs, who are
hts constant dinner and breakfast companions,
and who always eat fi.st of every dish that is
brought on the table, if the judges of
nomy pronounce tn favor of it, by alar -e
quantity, with apparent relish, the author ts
“ The Myseries" and “The Wandering Jew”
himself partakes of it without further scruple.
He believes dogs much more faithful than . en
and the sagacious instincts of a regulai New
foundlander superior to the science of chemists
and physicians.
Bali, to the Insane.—.On Friday evening
, w given to the insane inmates of
the Blocklev Hospital, by the advice of the phy
sicians of the institution. It was attended by
all the patients that were capable of doing so
and, as we learn, went off with considerable
eclat and enjoyment. Some ot them were mote
or less fantastically attired, while others put on
their best “bib and tucker,” and looked like
modern belles and beaus.
At first the majority were ralher backward to
join in the giddy dance, but gradually they all
fell in, and the affair-proceeded quite merrily.
At onetime, while promenading, the band struck
up Yankee Doodle, when as quick as lightning
they al! started intoa dance, which could not be
stopped until the music ceased — Phil. .V. Am ,
O' “A woman who loves, loves for life, un
less a well founded jealousy compels her to re
linquish the object of her affections.” So says
somebody. A man who loves, loves for life,
unless he alters his mind. So says somebody
iese.
'LHiu uu duu ti£j unti
A 11 <4 V SJ Aj.
- TUESt ’A) 'HU:XING. APRIL 8
Aobncy. -Mr V B Palmer i.s auih..riseu to act a«
our agent Tor; nil connected with his. office in
the vines of New York, Philadelphia. Boston and Bal
'’ft'o’* in Nfw York is 160 Nassau street;
Phirad-'.phia, 59 Pino street; Baltimore, S F, cornet
of Baltimore and Culvert-streets; Boston, 1G Slate-st.
Messrs. Mason A: Tuttle, of New-. nrk, are also the
agents, of the Chmnicle and Sentinel in the city of
New-York.
The Boston Post says—Cotton factory slocks
of the first class are still on the rise, Merrimack
being worth 38 and York 30 per cent, advance.
Middlesex Woollen Mills sellsat 22 per cent,
advance. The export demand lor coarse cot
tons is very great, ami orders and contracts
range many months ahead. One ship hence to
Canton look 1684 packages, instead of the old
remittance ol Spanish dollars, which are in lad
hardly obtainable at any rate of premium.
The passengers on the New-Jersey Railroad
had a narrow escape from death on Friday last.
The cars were tnowttg along unusually fast
between sun-down and dark, and when they at
rivedatthe New Brunswick bridge over the
river Raritan, the draw was entirely taken oft'.
The engineer did not discover the fact until
within two or three cars lengths off. The men
immediately put their whole force upon the
breakers, and by throwing sticks before the
wheels happily stopped the train, or some hun
dred and fifty lives must have been sacrificed by
this act of culpable negligence.
Mr. Secretary Walker.—The Memphis
Eaglesays:—The Natchez Courier is unmerci
ful to them wSecretary oflheTreasury—at least
wie, irshp_s
It is a burning national disgrace, for men of
such notorious moral delinquency to be thrust
into such stations. Although a Senator from
Mississippi, we hear it alleged that in numer
ous suits instituted against him in the courts of
that S ate for debt, he has squirmed out of them
by p\eadir>" non residence. It is in allusion to
this that the tollowing apnears in the Courier:
Settled down al last.— The Robert J.
Walker, whose residence has for so many yenrs
been an enigma to creditors and others, has at
last, we presume, come to an anchor. He is
compelled at last to own a residence in Wash
ington, O. C., and can doubtless be found there,
a portion of the time at least, at the office <4 the
Secretary ofthe Treasury, by sheri fl’s,constables,
and others who may desire to see him.
Several very extensive and valuable copper
mines aresaidto have beendiscovered in Frank
lin county, Missouri.
There were in-pected in tLe city ot Richmond,
during the quarter ending on the 31 st ult., 25,245
barrels of superfine Flour.
Bankov Illinois. —We learn from the Illi
nois State Gazette, that at a meeting of the di
rectors of this institution, on the 19th, it was de
termined to accept the provisions of th<‘ act ot
he late Legislature. The bill, it will be recol
lected, places the effects ot the bank, real and
personal, in the hands of assignees, and gives
theca, four years to wind up its affairs.
Destructive Fire—Another destructive
fire in Rahway, (N. J.,) broke out on Wednes
day at I o’clock, P. M., opposite the bank, burn
ing down the entire square of new houses be
longing to Mrs. Shotwell, with a German house
opposite, about fourteen dwellingsor tenements
in all.
The total amount ot dividendsdeclaredbv the
Boston Banks for the half-year ending on the Ist
instant, was 8550,2.50 —an increase over the
previous half-year of ${53,000. The average
ol these semi-annual dividends is about 3 per
cent.
O' Gen. Almonte, late Mexican Minister to
this country’, sailed I rom New York on Thurs
day, in the bark Ana hnac, for Vera Cruz.
Judgt: Sturgis.
The Albany (Ga.) Courier contains the fol
lowing communication from Judge Warren,
designed to offer something in extenuation of
ties. It is to our mind,
cient excuse for his delinque, icy in the premi
ses. For it was his duty to have ascertained
certainly whether the services o f another could
be procured to hold Harris Cou rt, before he ab
sented himself, otherwise he slvould have re
mained at home to discharge the duties in per-
Mr. Editor: — ln the last. Courier, 1 find ex
tracted from the Augusta (thron icle& Sentinel,
the proceedings ot the Grand Jury and citi
zens of Harris county, ir> relatio n to the failure
of Harris Superior Cvart; ant! 1 feel called
upon to say, through your paper, that I have no
doubt that Judge Sturgis expected me to hold
that Court for him. He had through Judge
Taylor obtained my consent to hold Marion
Court, and subsequently by letter requested me
to extend my labor to the bold, ng of Harris
Court, which through the same medium 1 re
fused, in consequence of the press of business
in my own circuit, having toholdtvoadjourned
Courts to bring up the business. 'I 'his press of
official duties, with engagements ot a prtva'e
nature, prevented my extending him that cour
tesy in holding Harris Court,’ whic h 1 think
due lo every brother judge, and which it would
have been a pleasure to have extendei I to him
if practicable. At Marion Court Iwa s inform
ed that Judge Sturgis had not received r.-iy letter,
and 1 was pressed by the profession to hold
Harris Court, and 1 regret now that difficulties
which seemed to me to be insuperable, hud not
been overcome and the Court held bv me. To
Judge Sturgis these diffi ,-iiliies were unkn own,
and he knowing that no Court in my circuit was
held at the same time, und that I had readil y as
sented lo hold Marion for him, might reason ably
have expected me to hold Harris Court, an d the
more especially when he had promised to hold
Randolph Court for me, the labors ot w brch
are equal, I suppose, to those necessary in mold
ing both Marion and Hc.rris Courts.
You andotheredirors wl-.ohave publishec- the
proceedings on the subject, will take plea sure,
no doubt, in placing the people of Harris in pos
session of these facts so far as the publication in
your paper may do it. I am yours, &c.
LC»~TT WARREN.
Fire tn Portland.—On Sunday, 30th tilt.,
about hall past 10 o’clock in the morning, a lire
broke out in Portland, corner of Cross and Mid
dle-streets, which entirely de st royed a block of
wooden buildings. The buildings were insur
ed, at the Manufacturers’ Ofiice, for SIOOO. In
surance of .S2OOO on the stocl ts, at yEtna Office,
Hartford, and Rockingham Company, Ports
mouth.
A Venerable Woman.—W e learn from the
West chester Record, that there died at Spring
ton Forge, iri West Ma rlborough townsnip,
Chester county, on the 24th ultimo, Mrs. Esther
Townsley, al the remarkable age of 103 years
and 11 mont'ns. She was b irn in 1741—more
than a cent'ury ago. At the time of her death,
her daught'?r’s family, in whi ch she resided, was
composed of the old lady, her daughter, her
grand-daughter, her great gr and-daughter. and
her great great grand-daughte r—a regular de
scent of five generations. Th •«,’ were the only
peisons constituting the househ old—five per
sons—each representing a geneiation! Theage
of her daughter is 70 years, .and of her great
grer.t grand-daughter about 3 ye ars. Mrs.
Townsley was born in Ireland.
Trade in New York.—The New Y ork Ex
press has the following:
The returns of the Custom House, as w> have
before stated, show but a small diminution of
import at this port—quite as small as desirable,
when the diminished trade of this spring is 1 alien
into consideration, in connection with the low
price of cotton. The amount of imports tor the
nrstquarterofthe three past years, is as folios ’s:
Dutiable. Free. Total.
$6,165,902 $606,552 $6,772,45 1
14,845,811 2,368,693 17,214,534
IJecrease in 1845 931)
On the importations of ’lßls, the amount oft
duties paid was $4,525,082 against $5,744/252 :
on the imports ot 18-14 ’
large Slocks of goods in the ea tiv
Patt of the year were much annoyed at a st. tce
ment hat our imports were not ma erially di
minishing. Such, however, has proved to be ihe
case. This decrease of imports is a small it -tn
when we recollect the extension ofourown m an
ufactories the past year, which has been oneot the
greatest success to lhem. They are now in rhe
most prosperous condition, and witlsoonbe; ib!e
to keep out a still greater amount ot fore i<rti
goods, by supplying the market with a cor res
ponding article in quality ala cheaper r ate.
I'he returns ol the quarter ending June 3 oth,
1815, will no doubt show, that taking the im
ports of all sorts, the amount is fully equal to
that ol the same time in 1813.
Heaven knows, consistency ought lobe- val
ued, were it only for its rarity.
Agrlcultural Meeting in Burke.
Ata meeting held by the citizens of Bark-
Camp, Burke county, on the twenty-second day
of February last, lor the purpose of forming an
agricultural Society, Mr. Allen Inman was
called to ihe Chair, and Paul Davidson request
ed to act as Secretary. The meeting having
been organized, it was resolved that the Chair
should appoint a Committee ot five to draft a
constitution and resolutions for the future go
vernment ot said Society. The Chair having
made the selection the meeting adjourned to
meet again at the same place, (Bark Camp
Academy) on the first Saturday in March next.
According to adjournment the citizens again
met on the first Saturday in March, whqn, Mr.
Allen Inman being called to thecKair, the chair
man of the Committee submitted to the gentle
men present the constitution and by-laws, which
after some minor alterations were unanimously
adopted. The Society then proceeded, accord
ing to the constitution, to the election of officers-
Whereupon Jetemiah Inman, Esq., was elected
President, Wiliam Murphree, Vice-President,
Wright Murphree Treasurer, and John P.
Brown, Recording and Corresponding Secreta
ry. On motion it wasresolved to meet again on
the first Saturday in April. On motion it was
resolved to publish our proceedings in the
Southern Cultivator and Chronicle & Senti
nel. The meeting then adjourned.
JEREMIAH INMAN, President.
John S. Brown, Rec. and Cor. Sec.
Magnetic Telegraph.
Il will be seen by reference to the' annexed
official order of the Post Master General that
the Magnetic Telegraph from Washington to
. Baltimore has became a branch of thp Post
Office Department.
Post Office Department, ’UarrA29,lß4s.
The appropriation ol $58,000 to meet the ex
penses of the Magnetic Telegraph between
Washington and Baltimore being placed under
itihe direction of the Postmaster General; and it
appealing that, under a previous appropriation
embracing the same object, which was made
for the purpose of testing the practicability and
utility ot said telegraph, the Secretary of the
Treasury, under the authority conlerred by act
ot Congress, has appointed S. B. F. Morse
superintendent, at the Salary of $2,000 a year,
and two assistants, Messrs. Allred Vail and
Henry J. Rogers, together with keepers ot
laboratory and inspectors of wires, at a further
allowance of at least $3,000 a year: Ordered,
That said amounts be disbursed out ot said ap
propriations, to wit:
lo said S. B. F. Morse, superintend-
ent, at the rate 0f82,000a year.
To said Alfred Vail, assistantl,4oo do
Do H. J. Rogers, dol,ooo do
Do Two keepersot laboratory
and inspectors of wires, at
8300 each6oo do
And that, the salaries be paid the officers
monthly, from the time of their qualification,
by the Chief Clerk ot the Department, as the
clerks are now pain, and that said superintend
ent and assistants take the oath required by the
act ot 1825, section 2.
It is further directed that the offices of the
said superintendentand assistants be kept in the
post offices at Washington and Baltimore; and
that the magnetic line be extended front the
depit in Baltimore to ihe post office as early as
practicable; and that it be used at us present
location until that is effected; that the offices
in Baltimore and Washington be kepiopen for the
reception and transmission of despatches Irom
eight o’clock in the morning until ten o’clock
A. M ; tromore P. M. until three o’clock P.
M.;and from five till seven o’clock P. M., each
day, Sundays excepted.
For the transmission of each despatch there
shall be pail, in advance, at the office from
which it is sent, by the applicant, one quarter of
one cent for each telegraphic character. Upon
the red pt ion of a despatch at either office, it
shall t>e the duty of the officers to have the
same translated in a fair handwriting, carefully
enveloped and sealed, and the magnetic
characters immediately destroyed, and to place
the despatch in the hands of the penny-post lor
delivery, who shall be entitled to receive the
same compensation therefor as for the deli-ery
ot letters transmitted now by mail.
It is further ordered that the said superintend
ent and assistants in no case communicate to,
or permit lo be seen by, any person, the contents
of any despatch, except the individual or indi
viduals to whom it may be addressed.
It is further ordered that the expenses attend
ing the extension ol the telegraphic line to the
post office in Baltimore, as well as all other
contingent and incidental expenses, be paid,
VSfiM HiVW.IIRI- 1 11! 1 . 6 and a cmili
lendant, upon the order of the Postmaster Gen
eral.
It is further ordered that the superintendent
keep an accurate account of the income, as well
as the expenditures, and report the same, at the
end of each fiscal quarter, to the Postmaster
Geheral, to be applied to the payment of the ex
penses ofthe establishment, or so much as may
be necessary; and that the superintendent pay
the same, under the rules and regulations now
applicable to payments bj’ postmasters.
In consideration ot the facilities allowed by
the railroad company to the superintendent and
his assistants in attending to the business of the
telegraph, it is further ordered that the free use
of the telegraph be conceded to said company
for the transmission of communications rela
ting to the business of their road.
C. JOHNSON, Postmaster General.
The Office in Baltimore is lo be under the
superintendence ot Mr. Rogers, and the one in
Washington underlhe managementof Mr. Vail.
These gentlemen will be in atundanee at their
respective offices between the hours of 8 and
10, A. M., 1 and 3, P. M., and 5 and 7, P. M.
every day, except Sundays.
It is said that books will be opened in a few
days in New York, Philadelphia, Washington
and Baltimore for subscriptions to the stock ol a
Company sot the construction of a line of
Morse’s Magnetic Telegraphs between Balti
more and New York, with Amos Kendall at its
head.
A Day at Mount Vernon is, indeed, wor
thy to be marked with a white stone, in count
ing the days of one’s life! Who can stroll
through the groves, linger in the potticos, sit and
reflect in the halls, and stand before the Tomb,
at Mount Vernon, without being almost over
whelmed with the recollections and associations
ofthe scene! And there the descendants of the
Great Chief still remain, dispensing the elegant
and refined hospitalities of the venerated tnan-
that kindness and courtesy which
well befits them, and graces their abode. Long
may they live, to hoi I the possession of an in
heritance as dear to them, as it is precious to
the nation.
Every visitor approaches the Tomb with feel
ings of reverence and awe—and few choose to
break the silence inspired at the hallowed spot.
In two marble sarcophagi, before you, lay the
remains ol George Washington and Martha
his wile. The mind retires within itself and
muses, and language ceases to be the utterance
of our feelings.
The Mansion itself, and the surrounding
buildings, are as nearly in the slate they were
in during the life of Washington, as can well
be—though the rude touches of Times cannot
be avoided, nor would we have it otherwise!—
Mount Vernon would look out of place prank
ked up with the renovating fashions ol modern
days.— Ale:. Gazette.
Corresponderute of the North American.
New York. April 3, P. M.
This is a comparatively quiet day in com
mercial matters. Another cargo of teas have
arrived, and are to be offered at once. This is
the fourth cargo since yesterday morning, and
there is at present in town a large number of
the lea people of the South and East.
Molasses have been rather active to-day; two
cargoes of Cuba to two grocers at 31 cents, and
3(10 bhds. in lots at the same price; New Or
leans 354 cents; St. Croix 37$ Many Albany
and Troy grocers have bought their Sugars
since yesterday’s sales, at full prices, by the ad
vices received here from Porto Rico. The
large holders are much supported in lheir posi
tion. Sales <4 two cargoes Molasses from
New York in Philadelphia, are said to have
been made by a Boston house at 3t cents, and
another to arrive at the same.
A large importing house was “ reported” to
have stopped yesterday: to-day it is confirmed,
as well as th- failure of another large dry goods
jobbing house. Dry goods people are always
the first to suffer and those ot this city in com
mon with others, will suffer severely this sea
son, especially those in the Southern trade.
An old Boat.—Probably' the oldest Steam
Boat in the country, if not in the world, now in
service, is the Henrietta, plying oo the Cape
Fear river, between Wilmingtoa and Fayette
ville. The Henrietta was buili at Fayetteville,
in 1818, and is of course now in her 27th year.
She has been in active operation throughout the
whole time, when the river tvas not tco low for
her to run. She has never met with an accident,
either from steam or snag; is in sound condition’
having been thoroughly repaired at various
times, and bids fair to do good service for many
years yet. — Wilmington (A T . Ci) Chronicle.
Copper— Great Discovery.— A mine of cop
per has been discovered near Fort Wilkins,
Copper Harbor. Lake Superior, which Is sup
posed to be richer than any in the United States.
At the surface it is about twenty inches wide,
spreading out as it deepens, and is supposed to
be al least three miles in length. Sjieeimens of
the ore have been raised, which warrants the
belief that the mine averages seventy-five per
cent, pure copper. Particles of silver and gold
have been found intermixed with the copper;
and it is calculated that the mine will easily
vie!d $6,000,000 annuailv. Our information is
from a source that we cannot doubt its correct
ness — Green Day Reputliean.
Eiotii Ihe N. Y. Courier <(• Enquirer, Mb ins'.
IaATER from china.
The ship Natchez, Capt. Waterman, arrived
yesterday from Canton, having made the pas
sage in seventy eight days, the shortest passage
by several days, ever made.
She sailed on the 14lh of January, and ot
course brings intelligence three weeks later than
had been received by the overland mail, previous
to the sailing of the Queen ol the West, by
which its intelligence was received here.
I'he news brought by this arrival is not of
great impor'ance. The lady of Lieut. Governor
d’Aguilar had sailed for England.
The captain of a Spanish vessel recently ar
rived at Canton, reports that whin fishing near
the East Soudan shoal in lat. 8 deg. 57 min N.,
and long 112 deg. 37 min E., he discovered a
chain leading from the reel to the water, on fol
lowing which the remarnsol a vessel were found
in three fathoms at high water. One of the crew
found a ptece of silver, and on farther search
money in dollars and sycee was picked up tothe
amount of $150,000, and also a chronometer
and sextant. The money was handed over to a
mercantile house at Canton, to await further in
vestigations. The wreck is supposed to be that
ot the Christiana, lost in 1812.
Great disappointment was felt up to the Bth,
at the non-arrival ol the September and October
mails Irom England. In speculating on the
causes ot ihis delay, it had been suggested that
war might have broken out between England
and France, whereupon the Hong Kong Editors
proceed to demonstrate that they, in that quarter
of the world, have nothing to apprehend from
the French. These speculations were some
what disturbed by the arrival of the missing
mails.
The Hong Kong Gazette gives a list of the
ministers and influential statesmen of China.
The list comprises above twenty persons, ot
whom Muh-chai.g-ah, the prime minister, is
much the most important and influential man ot
the Empire. The Muntchoos are in the ascen
dancy, and possess a far greater proportion of
the honors and emoluments than at any previous
period.
The Vestal was to proceed to Whampoa; to
receive another instalment ot the indemnity mo
ney—it was said $3,000,000.
The pirates were still busy in their depreda
tions.
The arrival ol the American whaler Peru
vian, to refit, at Hong Kong, is noticed, and the
hope ardently expressed that she wilt prove the
precursor of a fleet, seekin.> the harbor for simi
lar purposes. Elaborate arguments are urged
to show that Hong Kong is a far better harbor
tor American ships to refit, than the Sandwich
Islands.
Efforts have been made to raise moneyon the
credit of the Government, to repair the dikes.
The Emperor has commuted the punishment ol
death, which General Le, Shoo, and others, in
curred by flying before the English, to transpor
tation to Oroums'i.
Disturbances of a somewhat serious charac
ter have broken out in several parts of Ihe Em
pire, especially in Kweichoo and in Fokeen.
Literary Extracts.
Man’s a beast of burden, and must carry his
pack-saddle; so it is belter to do it quietly than
lo kick under the load. Out upon those who go
seeking for sorrows, a sort of commodity they
may find at their own door! One whines over
man’s ingratitude; another broods over his mer
it neglected and his good deeds forgotten; but,
were the,’ wive, and did good without thought of
thanks—were they high of heart, and knew
themselves as great in lheir in lost soul as the
greatest in the land—were they bright in mind,
and found pleasure in the mind’s exercise, they
would both merit more and repine less—ay, and
be surer ot their due in the end.
As for poesy, indeed, I love it well enough,
but lam no poet; and yet I think that a truly
great poet is mere powerful, and has a wider
empire thana king. We monarchs rule men’s
bodies, but their minds are beyond that sceptre,
and death ends all >ur power. The poet rules
their hearts, moulds their minds to his will, and
stretches his arm over the wide future. He
arravs the thoughts ot countless multitudes for
battle on the grand field of the world, and ex
tends his empire to the end of time. Look at
Homer—has not the song ot the blind Greek its
influence yet? and so shall th ’ verse of Chaucer
be heard in years to come, long alter the brow
they have this day crowned shall have moulder
ed in the grave.
“ Honor!” said his companion, with a sad and
bitter shake ot the head. “I have no cause to
trust in honor: it has become bu: a mere name,
the meaning of which has been lost long ago,
and each man interprets it as he likesbest. In
former limes, honor was a thing as immutable
as the diamond, which naught could change to
any other form. ’Twas truth—’tuas right—
’twas the pure gold ol the high heart. Now,
alas! men have devised alloy; and the metal,
be it as base as copper, passes current for the
value that is stamped upon it by society. Hon
or is no longer independent ot man’s will ; 'tis
that which people call it, and no more. The
liar, who, with a smooth lace, wrongs his friend
in the most tender point, is still a man of honor
with the worldj the traitor, who betrays his
not gold, is sttiT a man of honor and will cm
your throat it you deny it; the calumniator who
blasts another’s reputation with a sneer, is still
a man of honor it he’s brave. Honor’s a name
that changes color, like the Indian beast, accord
ing the light it is viewed in; now it is courage,
now it is rank, now it is riches, now it is fine rai
ment or a swaggering air—once it was truth.”—
James.
1 remember reading a story, where some roy
al dowager— utterly powerless, be it observed—
resides in a small tranquil town, where she be
lieves the golden age to be very respectably re
presented. Suddenly ihe calm current ot their
ordinary exigence is disturbed by a visit Irom
the reigning monarch; all the little mean and
malevrlent passions—vices, we should rather
say---engendered ot vanity and vexation ot spi
rit, rise at once lo the surface of the troubled
walers—troubled by the demon of ambition; and
the poor princess is left in mute dismay, to won
der what has become ofthe humility, the inde
pendence, and the content which she had so rash
ly eulogized.
Ah! change is a great error—the varietj’ of
existence only reminds us of its weight. Who
are the happiest individuals of our acquaint
ance? Those whose existence revolves in the
smallest possible circle—men whose daily cir
cle is bounded by lheir dinner—women whose
hope extends not beyond their knitting needles.
We should endeavor to forget that we are alive;
instead of that, we keep renewing the mournful
remembrance in every possible manner. We
aggravate our miseries by mocking them with
the name of pleasures. We insist upon dis
appointment by the pure force cl unreasonable
expectations.
Considering what a useful thing deception is
the first and last lesson taught by what is call
ed knowledge ol the world—it is woful to ob
serve how much of it is wasted. Jn nine cases
out of ten, the most ingenious invention not on
ly does not answer, but even defeats its own
purpose. How much attention is thrown away,
how often is flattery mistaken, and how many
of our devices, like ostriches, blind their own
eyes, and fancy others are blinded too.
A Petrified Apple.—The Indian (Pa.)
Register says :—“ We were shown last week by
Dr. Stewart of this borough, a petrified apple,
which was found some time since in Armstring
township, in this county, Immediately beneath
where stood a large tree which bore fruit, pre
cisely similar jn shape and appearance to this
apple. It has changed into a sand stone of
whitish cast, and is tiuly a beautiful and perfect
specimen of petrifaction. U pon one side of the
apple there is a small spot which seemed to have
oommenced to decay, and its color has changed
to that which is usual upon roiten fruit, which
appearance it still retains, and is as hard and
full at that particular place, as upon any other
portion of the apple. From this it would ap-
thequaijty of petrifaction has the same
effect upon decayed that it has upon undecayed
matter.
Railroad in South America..— A company has
been formed in British Guiana to build a rail
road from the port of Georgetown to the river
Mahaica. AH the most respectable men in the
colony have engaged in this project, and it will
probablv be carried out. The cost is estimated
at £IOO,OOO.
Antiquity or Mesmerism Magnetism ap
pears to ha ve been well understood by the Egyp
tian hierarchy, not only from some ofthe effects
we find recorded, but in ono of the Chambers,
whose hieroglyphics are devoted to medical
subjects; we find a priest in the very act ol that
mesmerism which is pretended to have been dis
covered a lew years ago. The patiemisseated
in a chair while the operator describes the mes
meric passes, and an attendant waits behind to
support the head when it has bowed in the mys
terious sleep.
lowa.—The Davenport (Iowa) Standard
says, the citizens of that Territory will refuse
to come into the Union as a Slate, with their
limits curtailed as in the bill which Congress
passed, it says their motto is—“the original
limits or none.”
A. Learned Doctor.—A doctor was lately
tried and found guilty ofthe “manslaughter”
of a patient and sentenced to four months’ im
prisonment. We give a specimen of his pre
scriptions .- “2 serouples golep, and gros of suf
flinent.” The latter item is supposed to be
“corrosive Sublimate.” Here is another pre
scription for rheumatic pains: “pans—salva
latly ether asafaddy snakrot lavander, all tintrs,
on tea spun ful in gen.”— Crescent City.
Tolerable Good. — “Mvdear, what shall we
name our baby,” said Mr. Smith to his belter
half the other dav.
“ Why, huz, I’ve settled on Peter.”
“Peter! Good Lord, I never knewa man with
the simple name of Peter who could earn his
salt.”
“ Well, then, we'll call him Salt Peter."
Bearer of Despatches.— J. H. Dulles, Jr.,
Esq., of this city, who came passenger in the
brig Jane, which arri' ed at this port last evening
from Buenos Ayres, Jan. 28, is the bearer of im
portant despatches from the Argentine Govern
ment to the Government,oftfee United States.—
Phil. Gaz. 3d inst.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 9.
Coffee; Sugar, Molasses.
The recent advances in the prices of these
three leading articles, throughout the Markets ol
Ihis country, basdqawn a communication on the
subject, from the correspondent of the Boston
“ Atlas," who seems to have given the matter
elose attention. The writer may or may not be
a speculator, in onetor»llof them, and his opi
nions and views influenced accordingly; ot this
our readers can judge, as well as we. His
views, however, ate certainly entitled to con
sideration by those engaged in the trade. After
a brief notice of the articles of bread-stuffs and
teas, the writer proceeds:
“We will next consider coffee. This article
has been at a low point, tor several years—and
its cul.ivation, in some parts of the world, has
been gradually abandoned; while at the same
time, in Braz j and the Island of Java, owing
to their prolific soil and low price of labor, the
production Jias increased, until recently, the ex
treme low price seems to have checked any in
crease, even in countries. Fur the last
three, years, thereAias been no perceptible aug
mentation of stocks—showing that consumption
has about kept p<& with production for the last
12 months. Taking a view of Europe and this
country, it is probable that the consumption has
been beyond the production.
“Let us now examine its present position.
With, moderate stocks, and diminished produc
tion, from vaiious causes, a considerable ad
vance may, we think, with confidence be looked
or. The hurricane, and severe drought, the
ast year, on the Island of Cuba, has neirlv de
stroyed the coffee citip on the north side ot the
Jsla nd, and diminished it more than one-halt on
he south; and, in place of an average crop of
fifty millions of pounds, not over fifteen millions
will be exported in 1845 In Brazil, the great
coffee country ofthe present day, th; crop is,
from the best data we can get, full 150,000 bags
short of the pasWj-q years, or tony lour mil
.ions of poundsfaKn the Island of Java, the next
grgat the crop ol which is
pounds each, pee: rdtng to all statements for the
past few mp*tb s , the crop had suffered so much
from drought, that only two-thirds ot a crop was
anticipated. We will suppose the deficiency
one-qxarter, or 225,000 piculs, of 133 pounds
each; or, in round numbers, thirty millions ol
pounds. In St. Domingo, and the British Colo
nies, a constant diminution of production has
been tell for several years—and, as there is no
source from whence to derive an increased suj>-
ply, or where production can be increased, we
must putdown the diminution of the production
of 1845, as compared with the average, at 109,-
000,000 pounds, say Cuba 35, Brazil 44, and
Java 30—a formidable item, truly, and which
will doubtless cause a material alteration in the
value ot die article ere long, although it is evi
dent the deficiency is already fell, to some extent,
from the actual advance experienced within the
past few weeks.
We next consider the important article ol su
gar, in which even more important changes in
value seem likely lo occur than in any which
have occupied our attention. It has now be
come a mailer settled, that Cuba, the great sugar
country ot the wot Id, will not make over about
one-third of an average crop—that is, the crop
ol 1844 was, estimating hhds. with boxes, equal
to one million boxes, of 17 arrobas, or 425
pounds, each—equal to 425,000,000 pounds. In
stead ofcalling the present crop two-thirds short,
we will estimate it forty per
cent, only, or 275,000,000 lbs.
Recent advices from Brazil
state t lie sugar crop to have suf
fered from ihe same cause as
coffee, (want of rain,) and that
a material deficit will be expe
rienced-say only 30,000,000 lbs.
In Java, from the same
cause, one-third less has been
estimated. Their average crop
is lull one million of piculs, ol
133 pounds each, but we will
only put down the deficiency at
one-quarter, say m millions,.. 83 000,000 'bs.
Amount of deficiencies,.... 338,000,000 lbs.
“ We have thus the enormous deficiency of
three hundredand thirty-eight millions of pro
duction in the three principal sugar producing
countries or the wot Id. On the other hand, let
us see where we are to look for the increase in
the production of this staple. In this country,
Louisiana has given the largest crop ever
known—now estimated al 175,000 hhds. ol 1000
lbs. each, net weight, against 103 000 hhds. last
year—thus giving an excess of 72 000 hhds. or
equal to 72 millions lbs. The maple sugar crop,
an important item in this country, is probably
not, by many millions, as large as the last year,
which was .he largest yet known; still we will
consider it the same. Next comes Porto Rico
and St. Cruix, where it is possible there may be
increase—although in the former it is
doubtful, in the latter we have no doubt a small
increase may be realized —say 18,000 hhds.
in Louisiana, Porto Rico and Santa Cruz, 92
millions. A consderable increase has been
predicted in the English Colonies—but this, with
the exception of, perhaps, Barbadnes and De
marara, will be found a fallacy. On the other
hand, it is predicted, by those very competent to
judge, that the diminution of duty in England
(equal to one penny per pound,) will have the
effect to increase the consumption at least 30,000
hhds., which, ifof usual dimensions, are equal to
40 millions—a quantity vastly beyond any in
crease of production that can reasonably be
looked for Irom their Colonies.
We thus find a diminution on the
one hand of 338 millions.
And an increase on the other of.. 92 “
Leaving the enormous deficiency
of 216 “
“An amount equal to the whole stock on hand
in Europe and the United Slates, on the first ol
the present year. When we take into view the
fact, which can be well authenticated, that for
three successive years, it has been apparent that
consumption has, tn the aggregate, gained upon
production, from the citeumstance that stocks on
hand, each successive year, have shown inva
riably a slight diminution upon the existence of
the preceding one, we must, at once, see that
this great deficiency ot production the present
year will create a new feature in the article.
And every one who reflects upon the matter,
must see, at a glance, that a material advance in
the price of the article will be the inevitable con
sequence.
In conclusion, we wish lo consider one other
article of merchandize, which is of it isling con-
in Europe, yet of considerable magni
tude and importance to thjs couptry, viz: Mo
lasses;
“As near as call be ascertained, the produc
tion of this article, in 1844, was equal lo 284,000
hhds. whereas, we can only make out, the pre
sent year, 207,000 hhds. And, in order that
others may judge of tfijs matter, we will furnish
the following data:
Production in 1844. 1815
Louisiana Equal to hhds. 42,000 60,000
Cuba “ “ 180,000 80,000
Porto Rico and
St. Cruz “ “ 40,000 45,000
Surinam, &c. “ “ 12,000 12,000
French Islands
and other pla-
ces “ “ 10,000 10,000
284,000 207,000
“Making a deficiency of production, in 1845,
as compared to 184-4, of 77,000 hhds Qu th :
other han.l, there was probabjv an joerpase of
stock in 1 St-15, over 1844, of 15,000, making the
actual deficit 62,000 hhds. It will be noticed
that the production of Louisiana, ihis year, as
compared to the last, does not compare correctly
with the qujntilj - given in the two years. This
arises from the fact that, usually, a hhd. ot Sugar
has given 50 gallons ot Molasses; but this year,
owing to the superior-growth of cane, and its
greater maturity, it fias nqt averaged 50 gal
lons per hb.l. From the preceding it is evi
dent that although Ihis article has advanced con
siderably, so great a scarcity must ensue as wijl
probably < a use it tortile much above present
rates, for the residue of this year.”
From the N. Y. Tribune of sth inst.
Rhode Island.
We have returnsfrom all butone town ol this
State, indicating the iollowing result:
Charles Jackson, Whig and Law and Order,
but in favor of the unconditional liberation ol
Dorr, is chosen Governer by about 150maj.:rity
over James Fenner, the Pemocratic Law and
Order incumbent, who is opposed to ir,e libera
tion of Dorr. Jacksun’s clear majority will be
about 125 votes.
Lieut. Gov. Diman, and all the rest of the
regular Law and Order State ticket,are re elect
ed over the candidates supported by those in
lavor ot liberating Dorr, by about 406 majority.
Hon. Henry Y. Cranston, Whig and Lawand
Order, has been re-elected to Congress irom the
Eastern District without opposition. He has
over 5,000 voles to about 1(W scattering.
Ex-Gov. Lemuel H. Arnold, independent
Whig, hgs run oi;t Hon. E. R. Potter, original
Democrat and regular paw and Order candi
date, bv more than 300 majority.
Tbe Legislature is strongly Law and Order
and Whig. To the Senate, 21 Law and Order,
10 Dorr men ate returned elected.
To the House, 43 Law and Order, 21 Dorr
ites are returned; 2 no choice in South Kings
town, where separate Whig, Law and Order
and Dorr tickets were run,and r.o choice, (Law
and Order 180, Whig 106, Dorr 174.) '1 he Le
gislature is therefore nearly two to one La w and
Order.
Goop piyiDENP— The “Savannah Institu
tion lor Savings,” declared its first dividend on
Friday last, being at the rate of elcpt per cent.
per annum on all deposits for a jierioil of three,
six, nine and twelve months. This is a good
beginning, and a sure evidence that its affairs
are ;yell managed.”— Republican.
his'ind of spiders.—lt has been observed that
some spiders, with an instinctive sagacity, select
as the greatest security from disturbance the
lids of the charity boxes in churches.
The Traveller—St. Thomas.
BY THURLOW WEED, ESQ.
Sr. Thomas, West Indies, January 1&, 1845.
We came to this Island yesterday in the brig
Eliza, Capt. Lock w ood, with a patty of friends,
four ol whom (Mr. Gregory, of Jersey City,
Mrs. Brinkethouf, and Mr. Austin,. ol New'
York, and Mr. Ames, of Albany;) t ke passage
in the British steamer that leaves in a lew hours
lor Havana, touching first at Bermuda, Bat da
does, &e. She is lourteen days makingthepas
sage between St. Thomas and Havana. The
passage money is $80 1 went on board this
steamer, a superb vessel of 1800 tons burthen.
She had a passageol 17. days from Southampton,
England, touching at Madeira, &c.
St. 'Thomas has a m ist eventful history, tor
which it is wholly indebted to its fine harbor, x
with which there is none to compare with it in
the West IndiesorSoutliAmerica. The island
is mountainous, and lor the most pan barren,
having never, I believe, produced more than
three or lour thousand hogsheads of sugar in a
year. The harbor, narrow at its entrance,
swells into a spacious and beautilttl octagonal
basin, furnishing ample and, except duringthe
hurricane months, sale anchorage for all the
vessels that frequent those seas. The entrance,
on the left is fortified, and on the right there is a
telegraph establishment and light house. The
city of St. Thomas is built upon three spires, or
conical hills, similar in form, stretching out into
the iiarbor from the base ol a high precipitous
mountain, These bills, except that they de
scend more abruptly, resemble those upon the
Hudson river, just north of the city of Hudson.
One long, well-built street, devoted to stores
and shops, extends east and west through the
city. These stores and shops are not only
well stocked with goods, but are thronged
with purchasers. From tins p'incipal street
there are courts and lanes running to the
quay, which are closely built up with spa
crons warehouses, that are filled with mer
chandize and produce. Above the principal
street upon the hill,are the mansions of mer
chants, &c. &c. built upon terraces, your flight
to most of which is assisted by steps. Many ol
the mansions are expensively, and all neatly
built, never, however, more than two and gene
rally but onestory high, with large piazzas, veran
dahs, &c., and a profusion of doors and windows,
to assist the circulation offresh air. Still higher
up the mountain, and tvhere eagles mightie.si)p-_
posed to construct their eyries, stand the old
caslles and towers built by the Buccaneers, so
long the terror and scourge of these seas, and
whose bloody flag, secretly protected by some
nations claiming to be civilized, put the world
at defiance. In the harbor about forty vessels
now ride at anchor, three of which the Texa
dore, from New-York, the Dunlop, of Boston,
and a ship from Maine, were dismasted in a
gale in the Gull Stream. Tne Dunlop in a
totally disabled state, was fallen in with by
Admiral Adam of the British navy, who took
the wreck in towlourhundred miles, when, with
the aid of jury masts, she was able to reach St.
Thomas.
St. Thomas is a Danish island, but like St.
Croix was twice in possession ol the English,
and when its importance in a commercial point
of view is considered, I am surprised that John
Bull should, contrary to his established policy,
have restored it. But it was done under con
straint, 1 suppose, by the Allied Sovereigns in
their European Pacification after the overthrow
ol Napoleon in 1815.
There is a population of about 12,000 in St.
Thomas. The confusion ol tonguesand colors
is among the first things that attracts the notice
ofa stranger. You see and hearpeoplegit every
colorspeaking in almostevery language. Among
the merchants and shopkeepers you encounter
Spaniards, Danes, Germans, Frenchmen, Eng
men, Scotchmen, Italians, Jews, Americans,
&c. The negroes speak two, and sometimes
three or four languages. I noticed a sprightly
black boy in the biliiard-room of our hotel
keeping game for one able in English, for an
other in Spanish, and ordering punch, slierry
coblers, segars, &c., lor the players, from the
bar keeper in French, and speaking each lan
guage with apparent ease. St. Thomas, by the
way, is regularly and abundantly supplied with
Ice, a luxury of which most of the West India
I-lands are deprived. The first cargo arrived
here in 18—. The price varies from three to
five slivers a pound. The Hott Ide Commerce,
at which we are lodged, is the best in the West
Indies. Its proprietor is also its cook, who is
rately out of the larder or kitchen, the duties ol
which he discharges with admirable taste and
science Monsieur is far happier, lam
told, with your admiration of his exquisite dishes
than with the price you pay him lor them. At
this hotel, coffee, it desired, is brought to your
bed-room at 5.G or 7 o’clock. An amplebreak
fast is ready at 10 o’clock, and dinner is an
nounced at 6in the afternoon. lam much bet
ter pleased with these meals than with the hours
at which they are served. The price paid tor
board here is $2.50 per day. The house, though
very large,‘has but few rooms, and can only ac
commodate twenty-five guests with lodgings,
though some sixty or eighty dine here.
Sr. Thomas is still a place ol great commer
cial activity, though the facilities for money
making are not what they were thirty or forty
years ago. But there are stocksol goods here
now which are only equalled in value by those
■ <mr liiwiNtm Vmlr m. uses in the Spring
and b all. Ihe sales ol inercndlldizt, us tins
city, tor the month of November, amounted to
a million and a half of dollars. The stock of
goods now in the extensive establishment of
Gruner & Co. through which we were shown,
is worth half a million. Goods are landed here
dutyfree. This enables the merchants of St.
Thomas to command a large portion of Uie
trade of the Islands and of South America.—
The circumstance that St. Thomas has always
been a free port, has attracted enterprising and
adventurous spirits from all parts ol the world
to this Island. Large fortunes have been ac
cumulated, in a lew years, by persons who, in
returning-to enjoy the spoils in their own
country, take care to speak only in general
terms of their business transactions, it is diffi
cult to penetrate the “ mysteries” of this Island.
Its real history is unwritten. But that it has
been the scene of more atrocities, and the refuge
for more outlaws, than any other Ocean Isle, is
certain. When the caslles, to which I have
referred, were built, the Buccaneers were
masters of the sea, and within their fastnesses,
were “ Lords of al! they surveyed.” ft is not
strange that before the “Supremacy of the
Laws” was e«tablished upon the ocean, while
the cupidity of Europe was sharpened by the
gold and silver mines ol Mexico and Peru,
daring and desperate adventurers should sea-lay
and rob these “ rich argosies” upon their return.
Then all robbed, some on public and others on
private account. Even .Sre Francis Draic was
but an accredited IJucganesr. CoJtiprjhus and
one or two other Spanish discoverers, in their
voyages, were alone governed and influenced
by principles and impulses of a higher and
nobler character.
When buccaneering, subdued by the progress
of maritime civilization, became less audacious,
St. Timings gist) yielded to the sway of laws but
feebly executed. Tlte bold buecanecr became
lhe lutking Pirate; and instead of lording it in
caslles, found only hiding places at St. Thomas.
“Long, low black schooners,” were not only
notoriously fitted out in this harbor within the
present century, but these vessels had secret
owners, accessories and agents here tyhile their
bloody flag inlested these seas. And these own
ers, &c., alter accumulating lortunes by mmder
and robbery, have gone home to Jive in idleness
and luxury, instead of expiating their guil', as
they should have done, upon a gibbet, as some
did, f»r there were a score or two of executions
for piracy her? sipeg the year 1800. There is at
this momenta fellow on trla. who, in command
ol a small sloop coming from I ortola, delibe
rately murdered two men whil* they were a
sleep, and a third, in attempting to save his life
bv jumping overboard, was drowned. And all
this blnqd was shed lor $l6O.
The slave trade is still carried on herp, though
Jike bqccaneetlng and piracy, it has jeen its
worst days. Large fortune? have been amassed
here by litis internal traffic; and I am sorry lq
learn that Americans, from some of our East
ern Slates, have, untii within a few years when
they were hunted from the Island, been concern
ed in it. Such, however, is not the character ot
thg Americanmerphqntspoiy rpsfding here. C)n
the contrary, s ch of oyr countrymen as I have
me, are gentlemen'ol commercial and moral in
tegrity.
Great Natural Curiosity.—A late number
ofthe Dayton (Ohio) Transcript mentions a
discovery made in that region ol a most singu
lar and extraordinary character, being a stream
of water brought lo light under peeuliarcircum
stancee, and to fie seen in Qelaware coqnty, in
Ohio, about 17 miles north of Columbus, the
seat of Government. The Transcript remarks
that though it is one of the most novel and curi
ous things in natural history, yet it has never
before been made public or been known to lhe
scientific world. It has heretofore entirely es
caped tbg nctipe o* scientific ipen from the fact
ol ns being in an obscure place, and no account
ofit having ever been given in lhe public press.
The factsofthe case are as follows:
“Sometime about the year 1818 two men by
the names of Davis and Richards, salt boilers
by profession, co utneneed boring tor salt water
in the bed of the Scioto river, near the place
mentioned. Alter having bored about 50 feet
through a solid rock they came upon a stream
us white sulphur water of the strangest kind.
The auger with which they were boring sudden
ly sunk something like two feet, which is pro
bably the depth ot the stream —but such was the
pressure of the water that the auger was f ace I
up again and large weights had io be attached
to it jn prdef to keep it to its place and enable
them to bore further.
“ They continued to-bore on, however, until
they got about 400 feet below the sulphur stream,
when they struck upon salt water. The size ol
the auger was about 2J inches in diameter.
Wnen they took if put the jet of sulphur water
rose up lo lhe i eight of 2016 et above Use surface
of the river. In order lo obtain access to the
salt waterbeneath,they procured astrongcopper
pipe anti attempted to force it down to the place
where it was to be found. But whenever it
reached fhp sujphpr stream, such was its force
and pressure, thai the pipe was completely flat
tened, so a- entirely to prevent the passage of
waler through it. Ail subsequent attempts to
insert a pipe proved abortive, and after prose
cuting the work at interval for several years,
the project war entirely abandoned. After en
larging lhe orifice made by the auger at lhe top,
a wooden stock 20 feet in height wa inserted—
yet even at the top ol this, such was the force of
the stream, that it requited the strength of two
or three men lo put a plug in it. From this stock
a pipe conveys the water to a spring-house on
one of the bluff b nks of the liver. The stream
has been running tor 2G years—yet its strength
and force are unabated. Those who have re
cently examined it, say that it is capable of
throwing up a stream ten inches in diameter,
and from 80 to 90 (eel high—and that water can
be thus obtained lotum a large mill.
" The whole mallei lay in obscurity until a
short time since, when our fellow-citizen, Mr.
N. Han, accidentally heard of the circumstance
and bought the land upon which it is situates.
It was from him that we learned the fore
going facts. The stream furnishes as good
white sulphur as is now known. It is strongly
impregnated with gas, and possesses valuable
medicinal properties. The place in which it is
situated is tn a fine, healthy region, and the
country round about is beautiful and rolling,
and admirably adapted lo fishing and hunting.”
Mount Blanc*
SargeanlTalfburd isdelightingthe Old World
with bis lively description of European scenery.
His new work, “ Vacation Rambles,” is all the
go. Among other things attempted in these
Rambles, (which extend over ’41—2—3,) be es
sayed to reach the top of Mount Blanc. He
failed. But the eflert-so lull of peril, and
therefore, so f ull of incident—is described with
vivid touch and close reality. He reached with
in three hundred feet ol the summit. He looked
up and yearned to be on the highest peak, but
increasing weakness on his part, and the ex
haustion of his party, compelled him lo return.
He teels proud, says the Examiner, good-na
turedly, tnat he got so far—proud “that he goi
nearer Heaven than lawyer ever got before, or,
we suspect, will ever get again; and may boast
that he is the first Queen's Sargeant who ever
stood within three hundred feet of the topmost
height of Mount Blanc.” We select from his
description a night’s bivouac in the upper re
gion.
“ When the first rage of hunger was appeased
—t ut before the tables were eaten or removed
(which will not be for some time) —the guides
suggested the expediency of arranging our dres
ses at once for the night and for the ascent, by
pulling on the warm clothing suitable to both,
amjwbwh being once done, would enable us to
stanrrssbiJn as wi4shonl>t he, fi;r the
upward march. A smooth ledge in llie'Wßß’
rock served us in turn tor a dressing-room, in
which my huge stockings were by son e magic,
drawn on; and the massive shoes, which h id
been dried in the sun, resumed; and gaiters
buttoned over the trowsers in strange fashion—
in all which very arduous accomplishments I
was assisted by Julien, with a delicate dexterity
which would have done honor to a French valet,
and a mingled kindness, respect and command,
like those blended in the manner of an old fami
ly servant lo a petted young master. 1 should
have thought the shoes, well saturated with
snow, once removed, could never have been put
on over the tremendous stockings; but even
this last miracle of the toilet was happily ac
complished; and I was pronounced ready to lie
down for the night and to start for the morrow,
or rather at the midnight summons.
So, after a cup of weak brandy and water,
which Julien recommended and shared, I took
my pole and picked my way over the prostrate
bodiesoftwe young gentlemen who were already
asleep, and squeezed myself into my allotted
niche, with my head supported by a large com
fortable stone, and my feet pressed against the
low fence edging the shell—figuring myself lo
myself as like an effigy on a monument.—
The position was in no respect, however, un
pleasant, except in the confinement of the limbs,
and a very slight feeling ol cold; and I was
surprised to find how very tolerable a couch it
proved. The notion of the ledge beinga teriible
place—overhanging or bordering a terril le pre
cipice, is entirely erroneous; its height above
the snow on the side it fronts is not formidable;
and the bristling irregularity of the rock prevents
the slightest sense of dizziness or danger. It is
far beyond all reache of avalanches—which are
heard in the stillness of the night thundering
down the surrounding, but distant, precipices
with no more possibility of reaching the lis
tener. than when he looks on the Jungfrau
from the platform of the Western Alps. It has
been customary, according to the published nar
rative of the ascent, to erect a tent here, under
which the travellers sleep; aid Mr. Bosworth,
early in the afternoon, put up an awning against
the rock and supported by poles, under which
he proposed to sleep and to include us; which
seemed to justify me in applying to our position
the words ol the fated Richard—
“ Here pitch our tent; even here in Bosworth field—
Up with my tent ; here will I lie to-night;
lint where to-morrow? Well, all’s one for that;
Up with the tent!”
But the experiment did not answer, the tent
was laid aside having served no purpose butas
sociatinga passage oi Shakspeare with our lot;
enough in itselftohumanisethedesolate snows;
and its owner, with that quiet kindness which
marked his demeanor, finding that one of the
youngergentlernen neededlhe accommodation of
the best le.lge more than himself,silently resigned
it, wi'hout the theatrical expression of Sir Phillip
Sidney, and bivouacked on the second rock.
We lay, therefore, with no meaner coveringthan
. the-hgayens. on the ledge, my son occupying ike
outer place, “ aTTds panicnTiir desire, andy lor
that night only,” and I resting beside him. He
did not, however, come to bed till long alter 1
had taken up my station; but was scrambling
about the rocks and breaking chicken bones
with the guides who kept upthe festivity of the
evening till after sunset.
Soon after 1 had thus “set up my rest,” the
gtand process of sun-setting began; and solemn
as have been many sunsets to me, I never saw
one—l will not say merely equal to th is—but one
resembling it ; for the difference was notin de
gree, but in kind. Above and around there was
not a cloud—nut a speck to dim the deepening
azure of the sky, nor a fleecy breath of mist
wafted or lingering about the towers or dome of
the mountain. These glowed tor a few min
utes in deeper rose-color than that which appear
ed to clothe them at this hour from below; the
summit, as usual, retained it last; and when it
fade.l, left them in the cold whiteness ol the
dawn. Thus far with the grandeur above us
—all passed in its usual procession of glory;
but while I watched those receding tints, flocks
of plouds arose below, and filled upthe valley
ol Chamottni to the brim with tissues waving
greyly, like floating shrouds. They were then
seen creeping up within the folds of the valley
beyond, till that also assumed, as far as it was
revealed, the spectral veil—while the top ol the
Breven, the Aiguille Varens, and the head ol the
Buet, stood out like islands in that solemn sea.
But beyond -in the expanse to the right of the
Breven top, wl,at glory was disclosed I —a heav
en-tinged clouclland, not to be gazed at from be
low by a subject mortal, but lo be looked down
into as from a purer seat—a subjected enchant
ment spread beneath us—as if some pinnacle ol
heaven, the habitations and the array of angels
The first appearance of any vision was that of
a felesljal city, all of sapphire, circling a lake
of azure, while tar away in measureless dis
tance, legions ot angelic hosts—shapeless as
those of Rembrandt, descending on Jacob’s
slumbers, but giving like (hern I he sense of wing
ed glories, were ranged, while tents and pavil
ions of violet and gold behind them, seemed to
bespeak t) martial arrgy. Presently these splen
dors became all confused; and then a sterner
grandeur reigned; a scene of huge purple
caverns and golden rocks, but beside a sapphire
sea studded with islands of deeper gold; and
then the colors blended, and faded, and nothing
but one heap of purple clouds filled lhe placed
the gorgeous vjsion ; and I wgs alone tyith the
rock, tlte snow and the stars.
Tur: Grievs ofthe Aged.— There is always
something painfully touching in the griefs ofthe
aged. The shaking of lhe wasted hand, with
its sallow skin and protqineql veins, which is
now no longer pressed upon lhe eye'-lids, as if
weeping brought its own consolation, but wan
ders uneasily about lhe garments, now smooth
ing the folds, and now pressed against the loose
girdle. The scanty supply ol tears, and lhe
sigh which no longer comes as a relief, bitt deep
and heavy, hasbecome, in tfuth, a groan, wrung,
as |t were, from the very vitals; the loot i*'
moved in quick restless taps upon the floor,Jlnd
the eyes are never turned asexpeclingsym[>athy
from others. Alas! whois there that i-r'readv
to lay lhe aged and stricken head bo
som, and smooth the gray locks, and'kiss the
furrowed brow, that has known th^Tweariness
and the sorrow of many years, '(’'here is some
thing awlul in the weening ol the aged. They
are those that have known, toorahe lull vnpily
of life: have behelfi the beiojfcd of youth pass
to the spirit land; have known the lolly of earth
ly hopes—have f>nnd the Ranker at lhe root ot
every promise, an/l ttoe-golden Irtitt turned to
ashes of bitterness. Love and youth, and hope
and glory, all the chimeras <.f file, have passed
away, and yet tlley live on, like those ancient
'rqnks, who*e drL branches shiver in lhe winds,
and the roots cli4g to the soil, although life and
verdure shall viZit them no more. No wonder,
then, that we aje prone to turn fearlully away
from the sorrowps of the aged— to feel there is
something awfuV in the renewal of Iwrpan pas
sions, in thosa wM* ar« supposed to have sur
vived their existence. No, no; it is for the
young, the hoping, the beautiful, to weep, and
find response in heart; the brow ofthe
aged can alone repk»-upon the bosom of its
God.—Afcs. Onkes
Egyptian W. Williams, of
Tallahassee, Florida, in a letter to lhe editor ol
the American AgriVuliurist, dated Nov 13:h,
1841, says: “One arord about Egyptian corn,
it is now green, wittAa eyopql from five to eight
heads from each root? iqore than hall matured.
This, should it maturU, will be the fourth ripe
seed that has been ga hered from one planting.
From the manner it e< intinues to send no shoot
from the old root, I ati infiucefi to try if it will
not rattoon next sprifcg, by protecting it this
winter.
“ The low price ofibfc great southern staple is
having lhe happy elfecl of causing proprietors
to give more of their personal attention to their
plantations; qn.l, as aX-aiqralconsequcnie, pro
ducing a taste lor the Science ot their profession,
and a demand for agricultural publications and
improved implements.T
O’ The Miner’s Journal estimates 1,000,000
tons as the probable :loa! shipments this year
from the Schuylkill regions - being an advani e
of about 125,000 ton€overlasl season.
NEVEII GIVE UP I
Never give op! it jAAvUer arid belter
Always tn h<»?« thn« lo despair;
Fling off the load of D<>ubtS cankering letter,
And break lhe dark pell of tyrannical care.
Never give lip ! or the nurden rn ly «»rrk you
Providence h*» kindry mingled the cup.
And. in all trial* or nmiblei.bethink you,
Th« watchword of life rnuel be, Never give np ’
Never give up I then- ! »ie chance.* and chance*
Helping the hopeful • hundred to nne,
And through the < b.»«• High Windom arrange*
Ever M.ccess-it y hi II only hope on
Never give up! tor die wu»eal i* boldest,
Knowing that Providence mingle* the cup,
Ami ot a.I mixim* the b«U. as the oldest,
I* the true watchword of, Never give up
Never give up! though the grape-*>hoi may rattle,
Or the full thunder cloud over you burst.
Stand liken rock—and lhe storm or the bailie
Little »ihall harm you, though doing their wont:
Never give up! if ad 1 entity preset*.
Providence wisely tia* mingled the cup,
And the best counsel, in all your dt»tre«»cs.
Is lhe etout watchword nf Ng ver give VP!
The Faded Flower—Robert Jowlyn, ot
Holly Springs, Mississippi, is the name of the
poet to whom lhe following simple but exquisite
verses are nttri billed, by the papers, among which,
like beautiful leaves upon a turbid stream, they
are floating. Who is Robert Jossclyn ? We
do not remember that he is alluded to by Gfris
wdid, Keese,or Kettell. Perhaps Mr. Poe has
heard 6f him.—/V. Y. Express.
“ I keep it * till, the tided flower,
Through Inng and cheerless years,
In memory ol that happy hour,
Which time the m >ie endears,
When from tny hand the gilt 1 look,
And saw the tear-drop.* start.
And clasped with fond and gentle look,
The giver lo rny heart.
“Thatflower, like her who g ivc it, then
Was loveliest of its kind ;
And vainly might I seek again
tSo fair a flower to find ;
But brief itlike.the ioy and bloom,
I' withered in a (lay,
And rest of hope and wrapt in gloom,
I bore it far away.
“ In distant lands, midst caie and grief,
That flower was yet more dear,
And often every cherished leaf
Was moisted with u tear ;
And still I keep the faded flower,
And hold, while life shall last,
The memory of that happy hour.
Which consecrates the past.”
Heroic Women of America—The Lady
and the Arrows.—Among the American la
dies who have the i
lice of
is more celebrated than Mrs. Jacob Motle, ot
Carolina. The action by which she sacrificed
her own property to the demands of patriotism,
was so graceful, so generous, and free, that it
has occasioned her praises to be celebrated in
all the histories of the time. The incident
took place in the year 1781, when General
Green, and the active partisan officers, Lee,
Marion, and Sumpter, were disputing with
Cornwallis and Rawdon lhe possession of the
Carolinas. The first battle o! Camden had al
ready been fought, when the celebrated siege ot
Fort Molte took place.
The new mansion house of Mrs. Motle, sit
uated on a high commanding hill, some dis
tance above the junction ot the Walerec and
Congaree, had been nude the principal depot
of lhe convoys from Charleston to Camden,
Fort Granby, and Ninety-six. Il was surround
cd by a deep trench, which was defended by a
strong and lofty parapet, erected along its inner
margin. Captain McPherson commanded >he
garrison, which usually consisted ol about one
hundred and fifty men, but which was now in
creased by the accidental arrival of a detach
ment of dragoons. This body, on its way lo
Camden, with despatches lor L rd Rawdon,
had entered lhe lort a few hours before the ap
pearance of the American forces, led by Marian
and Lee, to besiege it. On another hill, oppo
side to lhe north side of the new mansion, stood
an old farm house, in which Mrs. Motto had
formerly resided, and to which she had been
dismissed by Capl. McPherson. Upon Illis
height Lee was stationed with his corps, whilst
Marion occupied a position on the eastern de
clivity of lhe ridge on which the lort stood. A
six-poundcr, despatched by Greene to the aid
of Marion, was mounted on a battery by that
officer for the purpose of raking the north side
ol lhe enemy’s parapet, which Lee was prepar-*
ingloatiack. By the lOili of May, the wonts
were in a slate ot such forwardness that it was
deiermined to summon the commandant. On
the same day, Rawdon had evacuated Camden
and proceeded to Nelson’s ferry, fur the purpose
ot crossing the Santee and relieving Fort Molte.
Greene, on the other hand, advanced to the
Congaiee to cover the besiegers. Under these
circumstances, McPherson, though destitute of
artillery, replied to the summons that lie should
continue to resist lo the last moment in his
power, tn the evening, n courier atrived from
Greene, informing Marion ot Rawden’s move
ments, anduiging upon him redoubled activity.
On the 11th, tr.e British general reached the
country Opposite Fort Molte, and at night en
camped on the highest ground in bis route, Jhat
his fires might convey to the besieged the cer
tainty ot liis approach. The large mansion in
the centre of the trench, left but a small part of
the ground within the works uncovered; burn
ing the house, therefore, must force them lo a
surrender.
The preparation ol bows and arrows with
missive combustible matter was immediately
commenced. Lieut, Colonel Lee and every
officer of his corps daily experienced the most
cheering and gratifying proofs of the hospitality
of the owner of the beautiful mansion doomed
to be thus destroyed, whilst her politeness, her
terderness, and her active benevolence extended
to the lowest in the ranks. 'The destruction
of private property was at all times pcculiatly
distressing to t lie two gallant Commanders, anil
these considerations gave a new edge tc the
bitterness of the scene. But they were ever
ready lo sacrifice their feelings to their duty,
and Lee forced himself to make a respectful
communication to the lady respecting her
destined loss. When the intended measure
was imparted to her, the complacent smile
which settled on her features at once dispelled
the embarrassment of theagitated officer, while
she declared that she joyfully gave her house to
the good of her count :y, and should delight to
see it in flames. Shortly alter, seeing aceiden
lal.y lhe bows and arrows which had been pre
pared, she sent for Col. Lee, and putting into
his hands a splended bow and apparatus, which
had been presented lo her husband by a friend
from India, begged his substitution of them as
probably better adapted to the purpose than
those provided. Lee was delighted with this
opportune present, and quickly prepared to end
the scene. The lines were nil manned, the
force at the battery doubled, and Doctor Irwin
was sent with a last summons to surrender.—
McPheison listened patiently to his expltina-'
lions, but remained inflexibly fixed in his deter
mination of holding out to lhe last. It was now
midday ofthe 12th, and the scorching sun had
prepared the shingles for the conflagration.—
When Irwin returned, three atrows v.ere suc
cessively fired at different parts ofthe rool. The
first and third fii nd led into a blaze. McPherson
ordered a parly lo repair to the loft of the house
and Stop the conflagration !>v knocking off the
shingles. But Captain Finley’s six pounder
completely raked the loft, the soldiers were
driven down, and the brave Brilon hung- out the
white flag, and surrendered unconditionally.
The conquerers anti ;fic conquered soon after
appeared at Mrs. Mode’s, where, by invitation,
they partook together ofa sumptuous dinner, in
full view of the smoking ruins—the unaffected
politeness of the patriotic lady soothing lhe
angty feelings which lhe contest had engender
ed, and obliterating from the memory "ol the
gallant Wfiigs tl;o recollection ofthe injuries
she had unavoidably sustained at their hands.—
When Rawdon finally effected lhe passage of
lhe river, he found a ruined post, and parolled
officers, the captors having divided their iorces
and moved off; Lee agafiisx-Jwlt- Granby and
Marion to Georgetown.
We have seen, fn the possession ot George
Bancroft, Boston, a splendid miniature
of Mrs. liLute. It is a noble counienanc.*, in
dicating strong intellect, and that lofty frank
ness antfeourtesv which were so remarkably
displayed by her during that glorious and hero
>c Kgs c,four country, when American ladies
y were at once the pre mpters and exemplars of
' brilliant deeds of chivalry.
Capital and Labor—Gm the “ let alone”
principle, capital will be al ways able to lake
advantage of labor ; and for this simple reason,
that capital can wait—labor cannot. At the
great fire at New York, forty or filly dollars
were paid tor the use of a dray. Capital could
not wait then, and therefore jt was at the mercy
ol labor. This was the exception which proves
the rule. The rule is that labor cannot wait,
an lis therelore at the mercy of capital When
a man must have work to-day, orgo wiib mt
bread lor himself and family, fie is not in a po
sition t<> make a lair bargain. Capital is able
to look about, and to take advantage of all the
circumstances which will enable "it to reduce
die wages of labor. The large clothes dealets
in the cities have their agents in the country,
who get work done at the lowest prices, A
gentleman told us, the other day, that he saw
the daughter ol a respectable farmer making
shirts tor JI cents a piece, lot one ol the dealers.
He asked her whether she thought it a sufficient
price. “No,” said she, “if I were oblige I lo
support myself, I could not do It by rtTtsTvffilrT- s
but I merely empl ,y lime, which otherwise 1
should not use.” It had not occurred to her
that shs was thus lowering the price paid to
those who did depend on their labor lor subsist
ence. But this is only one out us a multitude of
examples, lo show that the principle of compe
tition docs not regul.-ne itse i as it ought—that
the “let alone 1 ’ p:inciple does not produce re
sults which are in accordance with truth and
justice. The principle of tree competition is a
good one for the strung, the sagacious—for these
who have t iient, means, energy; hut it giver no
chance to the wc >!•;, ths poor, the friendless It
devclopes great energy, ami produces great re
sults; hut it makes one part ol society the tools
and instrutnenis by wbicli another part may
carve out their way u lortune. —ffunt’s M'r
chanl’e Magazine.
AFFi:CT/,T;oNOr' Oriois aliTY. —The last No.
o! lhe North American Review contains a re
mark which may well be commended tolheoo
tiee of many young m-.n. It is as follows:-
“The cant of singularity and contempt, the cant
of ilespising establi-hefi ;and settled con
vietious, merely because they are established
and settled, is quite ns unworthy of lhe true man
of genius, ns the cant of un<mmpromi-ing con
servatism.”
/•7ow lhe N, Y. Journal of I'ouinurce.
Extent anti Value of the Copper Mineral
Landa in llic United Mates.
In a former letter I alluded io a report made
to lhe Secretary of War by Genera). John
Stockton, Superintendent ol the United States '
copper mineral lands bordering on Lake Supe
rior.
By the kindness of Gen. Stockton, with the
consent ol the Secretary ot the Senate, 1 have
been permuted to examine the rep <rt in manu
script, with accompanying docttinen's: and to
take notes from the same. The report of the
superintendent, with the sub-reports ol survey
ing agents, extends over about 85 pages of cap
paper.
lhe papers in the report are arranged in the
following order: Ist. Gen. S.ockion’s brief re
poit submitting the surveys made lo him by the
exploi ing agents. 2d. The report of A. B. Gray,
Esq., who explored Isle Royal, and lhe south
ern shore ol Lake Superior. 3d. The survey
ing report ol Geo. N. Saunders, Esq., of points
in lhe interior. 4th. The repoit of survey made
by Mr. Campbell.
These papers are accompanied with a map
ot the count y, which is now in lhe hands of the
engraver. The report and sub-reports are aHo
to be printed in due time, for the use of the
Senate at its next session.
1 consider these papers exceedingly important.
Although the surveys may be said to be just
commenced, they disclose the interesting fact,
that this country, in addition to her other vast
resources, possesses the richest and most exten
sive copper mines yet discovered on the habita
ble globe.
Tne reason that more has not been heretofore
known with regard to this vast mineral region,
is, that until recently, the greatest and most
valuable pan of it was Indian country. It be
longed to lhe Chippewa Indians.
Mr. A. B. Gray’s report of his hasty survey,
made during the past summer, and .submitted to
Gen. Stockton, is a document ot surpassing in
terest. It takes a practical, scientific, and com-
I’tebensive view of our vast mineral treasures
on the southern shore, and about the western
extremity ol Lake Superior, and in the islands
winch dot its surface, He considers these
mineral veins tq run from ooltlieast in a gene
eastern and western limits tis the agency, being : =
not far from 400 miles Jong. This vast mineral
agency, he says, lies between 87° 30m. and
92'’. 20m. longitude west of Greenwich. Its
highest northern latitude being 48° 15m. which
is near lhe northeastern extremity ot Isle Royal
itself exceedingly rich in copper ore.
In addition tolheevidence of mineral wealth,
s j generally met with by Mr. Gray, his report
contains much valuable and interesting geo
graphical and geological information.
Much of the copper ore discovered is found
to yield, on careful analysis, 70 per cent, ol pure
copper. The veins run generally near the sur
face, and can be worked at little expense com
pared with the working of similar mines in
other countries
The copper ore in Cornwall, England, it is
said, only yields Bor 10 per cent., while it, a
raised at great expense, in many places from
the depth 0ft,200 lo I,6oofeet. The plan adop
ted by the government for lhe working of its
reserved copper mineral lands, is precisely
similar to that established in reference to the
lead mineral lands, viz: lo lease portions of
them out to parties, at the rate of six per cent.,
on all the ore they may raise; that is, in every
one hundred tons taken from the earth, lo give
the government six, which seems to us to be
very reasonable, 'lhe leases arc given fora
term of years, and renewable under certain cir
cumstances.
What ren lers this vast copper ore region
more va’uable, is the fact that nearly every part
ofit along the southern shore of Lake Superior,
as well as on the islands, is studded with good
and sale harbors, and accessible to vessels
, drawing almost any necessary depth of water.
Among the best is C'qjiiier Harbor, having
abouitwen'.y Iblfl Ul «a!SWn^(^ntrance. —
Other good harbors nre found at Mie Royal,
Granite Island, and also at Engle i»l Agate
harbors, northwest side of Port Kew^nan. —
La Point harbor, formed by one ol the
Islands, is also represented as safe and
cious. *
The shores are said to be well timbered, and
calculated to afford a supply of charcoal for lhe
smelling ol the ore. Lime is also found in
abundance at certain points, which will be use
ful as a flux in the reduction of the ores.
Copper is not the only ore found in this ex
tensive mineral region. Valuable veins oflead
andsilver were also traced, lhe first being ol an
exceedingly fine and pure qualify. An exten
sive locality of manganese was noticed by Mr.
Saunders in his sutvey. Water powernear the
mouth of many ol the l ivers of great extent al
so exists.
As this extensive copper mineral region be
comes developed, it cannot fail to increase the
commerce ol the city ol New-York. Whether
the mineral he transported in t c state of ore,
ot in the smelted condition of pure metal, its S
natural outlet -.Till lie rtff/ughlllC ntlu'umi.l tu
to Albany, and thence down lhe Hudson river
to lhe city. T-
So far, I b lieve only two companies of much
capital have taken leases and commenced ope
rations—one located near Copper Harbor, and
the other on Eagle river. To one ot these com
panies, Dr. Petit, late of Pennsylvania, is at
tached. - ■’
Its labors so far have been crowned with greta
success; and the future prospects are verv flalJJ ..
leting. /~ : £
A vein on Keweenan point, near Fort Wilk
kins, has yielded several lons of ore, which
Houghton (State geologist of Michigan)
pronounced to contain from 70 lo 74 per cent. "
ol pure copper.
A specimen of the ore was sent to Mr. Mc-
Clintock, assayer ofthe United States mint in
Philadelphia, for analysis. The following is a
copy ol liis letter to Dr. Petit, detailing the re-
“ Having found leisure, since the receipt of
your letter through Dr. Jones, to make nn analy
sis of the copper ore from lake Superior, lo
which it refers, it aflu,. s me great pleasure to
transmit lhe result:
i 00 parts of the ore comprise—
Silex, 7 IM)
Metallic copper, 70(h)
Oxygen, 17 oo
Garhonic, acid, &c., 5.60 (3 80 catbonic acid
and 1.98 water; or according to KlanMo 4 48
carbonic acid and 1 37 water.) *"
“ 7 he mass of the orc is a peroxide ot copper,
producing a rich blue color with Aqua Ammo
nia, which the pro-toxide fails to do. The blue
carbannle ol copper constitutes but a small por
tion ot the specimens, and seems to dip into its
interior. The crabonates always contain a por
tion ot water, and you will therefore find the
latter estimated with the carbonic acid, &e.
5 50being lhe absent parts, and no trace of sul
phur having been discovered, they are assumed
to have been the carbonic acid of the blue car
bonates, and the water, necessarily associated
with it.
“ 1 send you the pure ruetallic copper precipi
tated from a sdution ot 50 grains , part of the «
ore. ft weighs 35 grains, and is therefore equal
to 70 naris in 100
“ The absence of iron, sulphur, &c., adds J
greatly to lhe value ol the ore, by rendering the
smelting much easier, and insuring a better ar
tide when smelted.” Dated February 4, 1845. J
Mr. Gray early in lhe season, departed from
Keweenan Point, or Fort Wilkins, to attend an
Indian council ot Chippewas at La IMffll, calL
cd lor the purpose of having their entire claim
to Me Royal relinquished. Whileatihecoun
cil, ho endeavored to gain all the information
in his power in reference to the extent and
localities ol lhe mineral region. He found the
Indians in possession of some fiqe specimens of
nativecopper; but adisposition prevailed among S
them to keep the localities ot mines a profound
secret from the whites. Their stalemeat* re
quire to be taken with much allowance. They
believe if they reveal lhe existence of mines to
the pale faces, the “ Giekec Monedo,” or Greal
Spirit, will be offended, and some calamity
overtake them.
Mr. Gray, however, satisfied himself that lhe 1
copper mineral region continued west even
beyond the present boundary of Indian Terrifo- "
rv.
He found Me Royal, Madeline Island, and
the country bordering the Southern coast of the
lake, of a mineral character. At La Point, ,
where lhe Indian council was held, among other
specimens of native copper, hesawone which
weighed 25 to 30 lbs. Silver was found along
several ol the smaller streams emptying into ;
th lake, but he thinks in quantities 100 small
to justify a search for it.
He, as before observed, found Isle Royal rich
in copper and other metals. Veins of copper
on this island were traced on lhe suHaceextcnd
ing to a considerable depth and distance into lhe
water of the lake Plates of native rocks, the
crevi. es and fissures appearing to be filled with
it. Some veins of much greater width have
Uen noticed along the northern shore ot Lake
Supermß-Hiatung jiUulhe water and becoming
wider the deeper tGey'g?b—Hs-cxajnined a vein
ot green carbonate of copper, <
Isrs and voyagers “ Green Hock," which was 8 ' J
feet wide, and traced it into water 50 feel deep.
He also found it visible on the surface
At Iron river, pieces of ore of superior quality
were obtained, which came from the Porcupine
mountains. Thisrangeof mountains t Ines ab
ruptly from the Lake shores, a short distance
west of Iron river, and about 16 miles west of
the Ontonagon river, increasing to a height es
timated at 1,20 ft feel above the level ofthe lake.
It runs in a southwestern direction, being finally
lost in tit ■ Iran and conglomerate ranges, cxlentL i
ing from Keweenan Point. All along this shore, f 3
as well as island, he saw strong indications of
metallic ore. Along the small streams running
into Lake Supetior, saw grey suiphurei and car
bonates of copper. At the entrance of Copper
harbor, I'a .tern Cape, is seen lhe gtwn carbo
nate rock, or " green rock.” Th* country about
the mouth ol little or lower Montreal river, is 1
h'Ci.l'’dlv metnllileruns. Specimens have been ,
I Hind, t native copper, mixed with green carbo
nate, u tt Chocolate river. The region about
th-“Clii.m Jaime,” or Yellow Dog river, gave
lavorab.e indication -, ot a metalliferous charac- I