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Ri-B*HSz p ai HIBmIiIHmB aw AwT ®Wilr Ils I fl II ir I
! OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
5 THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
1S PUBLtSrtSD DAILY, TRt-WEEKLV, AND WEEKLY
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IB PUBLISHED AT
’Fhree Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
' *j. ' years, or two subscribers one year for sn.
Ten subscribers, ons year, for SCO 00
TH- We&ly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Tcil Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—}in ad case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the limo
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, tjic paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING. MAY 9.
j? ZOL -.
gt& Rbm'-’l’ Fund.—According
IE, to tfioP:;tSßargiTO>fean ot Friday, the
ffaHlt ifeuioii-s in money at that lime
ot tiiexiU’ was ne.ily
B*We fiavlt’verhal i&telligerieh that a most de- •
H&rtticti re 6r?oecn Ted in Newbern on Friday
Si ; morning last. As we hear, some thirty or forty
buildings were consumed on South Front and
streets; araony the number, many large
'< ar.! valuable brick ’difices. No estimate ofti ?
•mount of the loss Sustained has been received.
Hr ’Tire warm sympathies ot this community can
sgt riot but be aroused on account of the atfliction
®’"it>t our neighbor town.
Duer.ttNG in Louisiana.—The Convention
now in session to alter the constitution, have
t incorporated a section in the general provisions
of the constitution, which disfranchises and ren
ders ineligible fur any civil office under the .State
anj- person who shall hereafter fight a duel, be
a second at a duel,. or cany a challenge to fight
a duel.
A. £3* Mr. S. A. Holmes has sent us a copy of
a new work, entitled “ Domestic Slavery con- I
siclered as a Scriptural Institution,” being a
series of correspondence between the Rev.
; Richard Fuller, ol Beantort, S. C , and the Rev.
Francis Wayland, of Providence, R. I.
Editors in the Legislature.— There will
be no less than four members of the editorial
jj corps in the Virginia Legislature next winter.
’One in the Senate and three in the lower house
John S. Gallagher in the former, and Messrs.
Toler, ol the Lynchburg Virginian, Syme, of
the Pet rsburg Intelligencer, and C. C. Mcln
tyre, of the Washingtonian, Leesburg, in the
latter. All Whigs.
, Dismissal.—The Globe says: “We learn
X that Captain J. P. Davis, of the 7th regiment of
' ialantry, and assistant quartermaster in the
army, having failed to settle his accounts as a
disbursing officer with the Treasury Depart
ment, and the default having been duly reported
io the President of the Unifed Stales pursuant
6 to law, the President has directed that the said
“J: Captain Davis be dismissed from the service,
agreeably to the provisions of the 3d section of
an act entitled ‘an act concerning the dishurse
meat of public money,* approved January 31sf,
r: Mormons.—The Steamer J. M.
tie, brought to St. Louis, on the 2Th tilt ,
Luah_MUMauu; tpe greater
MMkibn of the KhgliiiS - are 'NTliri.s ms, Tiff tlteirT*
is” way to Nauvoo. The steamer Champlain ar
■" rivhd at St. Louis with nearly 100 Germans.
V . Df.macogueism.—The following is a capital
anecdo'e to be read against political dema
gogues, men who make tlieinseves anything or
nothing with the hope of winning votes:
Col. Moore and th ’. M’ll Dam. —Col. Moore
was a county candidate in Tennessee. Near
the middle of the county, in a stream affording
many choice fish, was a mill dim. above
which the fish could not get. The people in the
upper end objected to this, because they could
get no fish, and in the the lower cud they were
opposed to the removal ot the dam, because it
kept the fi-h anion.' them. To the former Col.
Moore pledged himself to vote for the removal.
It happened that he was called upon to address
the people in the neighborhood of the mill dam,
and, the impression having gone abroad that
. he was fishy upon the subject, liewas called upon
by both parties to “define his position.” Heat
tempted to evade the category, but they became
still more clamorous. Finding equivocation
fruitless, he at length, raising himcelt upon his
toes, exclaimed—“ I’m an independent U..i fiaoi
ed man, and am neithet/or nor against Ihe milt
dam."
Wo learn from the N. Y. Evening Post that
it is in contemplation to take the necessary steps
preliminary to the construction of a new and
more direct and inland route between New lArlt
and Boston by the way of Hartford.
and examinations of the
have shown that there are no great obstacles in
the way, and it is now clearly established that
i.r.xgjjid can be built at a leasonable cost. Men
of be found in NewlYork and
elsewhere who ar?S«-rngiiine of I he's access of
such a communication ns to be willing to em
bark in it a considerable portion obsheir wealth.
Am Earthquake.—On 1 ire3;ay last, says*
the Montreal Courier, about t.rflf tiitS'-I-Affock,
a slight shock of an earthqtu/ke was fell. It did
not make much but was sufficiently
strong to nialre a slogM “clatter among the
Columbia County Meeting.
Pursuant; to pic. ious notice, the Whigs ot
- Columbia County held a meeting on Ihe (lilt
inst, in Appling. A. P. Roliertson, E-q , acted
as Chairman and Dr. H. R. Casey, as Secretary.
The meeting upon motion proceeded to ballot
for two candidates lor the Legislature; and upon
counting < ut the votes, Dr. Wm.A. L. Collins,
and Mr. James Fleming, wereduly nominated.
And upon farther motion it was also resolved
to Inexpedient that a nomination fora candidate
lot the Stale Senate, to represent the district
composed of Richmond and Columbia, be made
by a convention ofdelegates to be appointed by
the respective counties, ol equal number from
each, to meet in Augusta on the 21 Monday in
June next. A committee was appointed by the
Chair to nominate twenty-four delegates on the
part of Colombia, two from each captain’s dis
trict. The committee reported the names ot the
following persons as delegates to said conven
tion : A. P. Robertson, Thomas Beall, Isaac
Ramsey, Jesse S. Walton, A. J. Avary, Dr.
Jennings, James Cartledge, W. S. Duan, C. H.
Shockley, Win. L. Blunt, Geo. M. Magruder,
H.JLeightner, Edward Bowdre, Wm. Adams,
Drl James S. Hamilton, Sullivan Harrison,
f I Alford D. P. Stanford, Wm. Murray, B.
r Hnlrrty, J. M. Dorsey, J. Fleming, Henry
and Henty Winfrey, which report
Bflßvas adop’ed by the meeting.
F Resolved, That the official duties of His
* Excellency, Governor Crawford, have been
W discharged with ft lelitv an t for the best inte
' rests ofthe State, and that thedi-tinguished abili
ty with which the finances oft he State have been
fuL. managed, in the restoration ol the public credit
and the discharge of state lia! ilities, entitle his
Excellency tothe unabated confidence and grati
tude ot the people.
Resolved, That it is the opin ion ot this m’eting
that it is not expedient that a State Convention
should be assembled tor the purpose of nomina
ting a Whig candidate lor Governor, but that
such n.iruir.ation be made by the people in their
respective counties, and that this meeting do
hereby nominate George W. Crawford, a
candidate for re-election to the office which he
now fills with honor to himself and credit to the
State.
A. P. ROBERTSON, Chairman.
IL R.. Casey, Secretary.
At Houlton, in Maine, mi the 3i»th ult., snow
was lying to the depth ol nearly four feet
5-:r.2-WlJU.’;aMi i. i
Executive <)rgui>s.
The recent change in the Globe newspapei
at Washington, tor the purpose of securing a
more acceptable organ for the President and his
party, than they could hope to make of the CMc,
under the control of Blair <s.- Rives, has
afforded the National Inlclligenetr, in a no
tice of that change and the accompanying
ciicumstnoces, an opportunity to give a stretch
of the history ot Executive organs, which is not
without interest at the present day. From that
article, which is quite long, because of the mi
nuteness ol the details ot the circumstances and
influences which were brought to bear to pro
duce the change, we make the following extract:
“ Previous to the advent of Gen. Jackson to the
Presidency, there was no such thing as a govern
( ment press, in the sense in which that phrase is
now understood.
Whilst Philadelphia continued to be the seat
rd'Government, there being several respectable
papers published in that city, and the Govern
ment in its infancy requiring but few official
publications to be made, it was not of necessity
that mere should be any paper selected as the
rd its comotuuieatir.n with the public,
papet.s,in the city ot Philadelphia
.i-Ls in the divisions 0,111 ; i.ij
tic questions; t :|t we are not av, i<- n
administration <4 Washington < r th.- <■ d<:
je^Wilfil> patronage, io
ot tbe’act bl Congress establishing a permanent
seat of government, the government was trans
terredto Washington, where no newspaper was
printed, w htch was in fact then comparatively a
wilderness; a fancied city, as Moore described
it, of
“Squares in morasses, obelisks in trees”—
Samuel Harrison Smith, our honored prede
cessor, then publisher of a weekly paper in
Philadelphia, by the title of the Universal Ga
zelte#cranstcrred that paper to this city, end here
continued its weekly publication; and at the
same timeeslaWished the National Intelligencer,
to be issued three limes a week That paper, r,n
the in-coming of Mr. Jefferson, became, ot ne
cessity, the organ ot communication between
the Executive and the People, and justly en
joyed the whole confidence of that distinguished
Republican, from the beginning to Ihe end ol bis
Administration. The publisher ot it did not,
however, become the exclusive printer, either for
the Executive or tor-Congress, the printing for
both- being distributed between him and others.
In October, 1807—more than a year before
the close of Mr. Jefferson’s administration—ope
lot the present publishers ol the National Intel
ligencer came into the employ of its lhen pro
piietor, and on the Ist of September, 1810, in
consequence of Mr. Smith's retirement to pri
vate life, became the proprietor o! it by purchase
from that gentleman, the other member of ihe
firm connecting him-elf with it sironly after
wards; soon alter which connexion ii'cecamea
daily paper.
During the tvhole ot the administration of
Mr. Madison, ibis paper was the medium ol
communication between the Executive and the
country, the Proprietors receiving from that it
lust'ious man unvaryingly such evidences ol
kindness and friendship as they must’ ever ac
knowledge with must grateful remembrance.
But, during the whole of this term of lime,
though ihe paper was necessarily ihe receptacle
ot public advertisements, it had neither mo
nopoly nor a fair share ol the Executive print
ing, nor any tiling at all to do with that of Con
gress; many tilings, moreover, which have in
later days been paid for as public advertise
ments being then published gratuitously. Much
le.-sdid ihe Executive ever undertake to interfere
with the management or io control the conduct
' of the paper.
On the accession of Mr. Monroe to the Presi
dency, in 1817, the N.itional Intelligencer con
tinued to be the medium ot publication of tr.e
laws and public notifications; but, no more than
duringthe preceding Adminstrations, had itany
share worth speaking of in printing tor the Ex
ecutive offices, nor did it derive any emolument
from what has since been considered as govern
ment patronage ot the press. So far from being
controlled by dye. ExeciiJjy.e. ar iaHnftuced- -io
its course by considerations of what advantage
it tiifebt derive from Executive patrona"e t it si
happepey. that a serious difference aw-re brf
. "*■— 7 i" .'i. ot ibis
paper, a ydhr of' two beFme the exp.TratmfTTiT'T
Mr. Moofoe’s terin ol service, which yas only
reconciled after that distinguished and excellent
patriot became a private gentleman.
When Mr. Adams became a resident of the
United States in 1825, he caused the laws and
the government, adveitisements to be published
intheNationalJotirn.nl and the National In
telligencer during his administration, Not antis
tied with the late course ot the National Intelli
gencer, (he having been Secretary ol State under
Mr. Monroe,l lie did not leal disposed <r au
thorizeil to deprive the public of the knowledge
of public affairs to which they were accustomed
an.l entitled by confining the dissemination ot
official intelligence'<> a single journal, known
to be of less circulation than the National In
telligencer. The course of President Adam
being such, from the outset, as the Editors en
tirely approved, his Administration came to re
ceive their cordial support'; a support which
had, however, no sortot relation to the patronage
ofthe Executive, ot which they were in no
sense recipients.
On the 4th of March, 1829, camo into power
Gen. Andrew Jackson, with “Victory!” insert
bed on his banner, and on tlpA'ot his followers
“To the victors belong>he spoils!” And here,
once'for all, in ciliag-fhis memorable avowal ot
a revolting principle, let us say that we mean
by our frequent recurrence to it no particular
disparagement to its author; rather considering
him entitled to credit for the honesty and cour
age which induced him tieely to avew a princi
ple which all his political associates hold in
common and put in practice on all occasions.
In regard to every thing connected with the press,
this principle was put into instantaneous opera
tion at the seat ot Government on the arrival ol
Gen Jackson. All public advertising, all print
ing for the Executive offices, &c., was directed
to be transferred to the United States Telegraph,
a j jurnal established in this city lor the purpose
ol opposing Mr. Adams’s Administration, and
promoting the election of Gen. Jackson.
Tnus was first established, in this city, that
anomaly, :t government press.
The monopoly Ilins created was enjoyed by
-the Telegraph for about two years, when its
Editor, si ling with Mr. Calhoun in his quarrel
with Gen. Jackson, the Globe, which h ul pre
viously sprung into existance as a Lilov, labor
er ofthe Telegraph, became the recognised or
gan of the Adminisiration. The first ot the
subjoined notices withdraws all concealment
from the iacl, hitherto only guessed at, that the
Globe “had its origin in ihe wilf of Gen. Jack
son,” and discloses the tanher fact that the
transfer ot that paper by the late proprietors in
to other hands is not a deliberate and inedilated
purpose of their own, bitt “ a sacrifice” which
they were callcd'upon M make” to offended Po
litical power.
The secoud of these notices shows that this
transferofthe “Globe” to new hands was con
sidered a government affair, rather than a per
sonal transaction between the indi iduals buy
ing and selling The President was consulted
and he communicated with Gen. Jackson on
the' object; and it seems the old chieftain first
advised the President “ to take the Globe as his
organ, and Mr. Blair as its editor;” and then,
only three days aherwards, upon further infor
mation, adw'sed the proprietors “tosell out the
Globe to prevent distraction and division in ihe
Democratic party;” urging them again, in a
thiol letter, to “sell out and save the Democratic
party.”
The late “Globe” therefore, as the organ of
the Government, has been victimized to a politi
cal necessity. So odious has it become lo certain
“ Democrats," by its resisting the scheme to put
down Mr. Van Buren, that, to avoid the appli
cation of the bow-string by the authors of that
intrigue, it has actually committed a/> Zu de sc.
Departing this life, ii lias transferred its habili
ments to him who was the leading instrument
in ihe prostration ofMr. Van Buren; and thus
has come into exis ence the “ Union” as the or
gan ofPresident Polk.
With regard to the new paper, we are happy
'hat there is, at last, a paper to which we can
look with confidence as representing, on all
public questions, ihe views of the Administra
tion. We shall no longer be at a less to know
what are really the opinions and intentions of
the President.
Correspondence of the U. S. Gazette.
New York, Sunday, P. M.
Nothing has transpired to-day in the way of
news. The weather is warm and beautiful,
and the trees in our parks are nearly al! in tall
foliage.
Business was not particularly active yester
day. The sales of Cotton were limited to a
few hundred bales, and it is not expected that
much will be done until we have the accounts
per steamship Hibernia, which is now due in
Boston.
Maple for England.—Two boat loads of
curled and birdseye maple have been recently
landed in Troy from the West, to be shipped to
England where this wood is in great request
for cabinet makers.
An extensive satinet factory at Saccarappa,
Maine,owned by Mr. 8. T. Thomas, was en
tirely destroyed by fire last week Loss esti
matodat g 13,090.
From the Badtmorc American.
lite Ore got:—War or no War.
II the difficulty with Great Britain in reference
■ lo the Oregon tested on the merits of the ques
tion at issue, and upon nothing else, and
f that question were to be discussed by
two discreet nations in a calnr dispassion
ate manner, nothing would be more idle
than the apprehensions of war which are now,
in the tniiuls of many, connected with this mat
ter.
But the case is far other wise. Let us consider
it for a moment.
The most portentous feature in the whole
business is this: omr policy is the policy ofthe
Adminislroiiiin. ,
The old issues of Bank, Tariff, Public
Lands and the like are exhausted. Whether it
is that the national policy on those pointsiseon
sidered as settled, or that the public mind has
grown inr'ifferent towards them, being wearied
with such hackneyed topics, or from whatever
cause it may be, tne fact is certain that these
staple articles ot party watfare have ceased to
posEcss absorbing interest, ceased to excite en
thusiasm.
The rapid progress of our country in the de
velopment oj its resources and in the increase
of population—the prospective view ot our fu
ture greatness and grandeur as an imperial Re
public, prominent on the world’s stage and deep
ly concerned in the destinies ot mankind—the
ever-en’arging idea of our national importance,
the exulting < onscionsness of our strong h—
these considerations, thoughtsand feelings have
taken possession ofthe mind of our people, and
give evidence of an exuberance of lite, spirit .
arid vigor which m.ikesusrestie.ss,auvemurous,
’tlfilfris SffiFtfftygitJiis. ■ drliSTft title is who" con
trol the masses through the medium of their
ruling impulses have caught the watchword of
power—will they not avail themselves ol it?
Look al the tone ol the journals. If war is
deprecated, it peaceful counsels are urged, it
the precipitate action of the Government, as
manifested by the passage ol the Oregon bill in
the House, is deplored—forthwith the cry of
“ British influence” is raised. All who express
a wish that the difficulty with England may be
settled by negotiation, by compromise or arbi
tration are denounced as belonging lo the “ Bri
tish patty.” We refer to the lone and style of
speaking as indicative ot a tempest which is
likely to overbear all present distinctions of
parties. No doubt the leaders at the her dot the
jdniinistration would be very glad ii they could
make all this end, as it began, in bluster. For
all purposes of party use the wif cry would be
all the better it it went no farther than words.
But England, it seems, is disposed to bring mat
ters lo a serious issue: and words are to’be re
garded as the prelude to deeds.
Whatever designs of ambition or motives of
jealousy may be charged upon Great Britain,
and she has often given occasion ter such impu
tations in the coms'- of her general policy, tie
find no reason to believe that she is desirous ot
provoking a war at this time with the United
States. Git the other hand there is evidence to
show that her reluctance to engage in hostili
ties with us is extreme.. When McLeod
was tried in the State of New-York lor bis al
leged participation in the burning of the Caro
line, the sovereignty of Great Britain was ar
raigned before an American tribunal. Never
before did England submit to such a humilia
tion.
The vain pretext that she was reserving her
vengeance tor a terrible visitation it McLeod
were convicted and punished, was the shallowest
subterfuge that ever was attempted to be palmed
offtinon the world. The fact ofthe trial in
volved the whole principle. If the prisoner es
caped hanging bis thanks were due to the want
ol evidence sufficient to convict him—not to the
ostentations assumption by the British Govern
ment ofthe act charged against him.
The manufacturing interests of Great Britain
dependent on the supply of cotton from this
cmitrtrv would induce her to submit to considera
ble sacrifices rather than go to war with us. .
Yet at the same time her dislike to ns and our
institutions, her dread of our growing influence
and power and of our advancing position as a
commercial and manufacturing rival, must
doubtless operate to render her less and less dis
posed to conciliatory measures.
Such is the disturbed state ofthe elements as
respects the United States and Great Britain.
Many looking at the ronbled aspect of things
and their tendencies, believe that a conflict soon
er or later is inevitable, anrj.Urink there is no
thing lo lie gained by
parties should divide oh rhe question of peace or
.was the.C(>nreqiienees_would be
~sTimlentilimiNtiiti
would be exci<ed a'nd agsravated tn such a case,
ought to disappear entirely when the issue of
conflict is made up between our country and a
foreign power. When Congress meets, some
more definite shape wih be given tothings, and
we shall be able to form opinions respecting the
future upon more substantial grounds than any
which can now be laid hold of.
Manufactures in Philadelphia.*—Fair
mount, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, is be
coming a noted seat of manufactures. The'
North American contains the following account
of the improvements now making there:
Groups of workmen are emp'oyed in the
erection of several new factories, and already
there is a considerable city immediately around
Fairmi unt. One of these buildings, intended
tor a cotton factory, is 160 by 80 feet, three sto
ries high, constructed ot stone, and is to contain
ten thousand spindles, and three hundred and
fifty power looms for making drills and brown
goods. The machinery is lo be propelled by
steam. There is a high tunnel shaped chimney
about three and a half feet in diameter at the
bottom and increasing to six feet at the top,
which produces such a draft that the smallest
pea coal serves as fuel. This factory is build
ing for Messrs. J. & J Dearie, two persevering
and enterprising citizens, who already occupy
another factory near the Wire Bridge, and em
ploy three hundred and fitly looms, chiefly in
making plaid shawls.
On the opposite side of the street is another
large building in p ogressof erection lor Messis.
J n-s, Hoppin & Co. One building is 80 by
-10 leet, three stories high; another 80 by 36leet,
and one story in height. This establishment is
intended for finishing and dyeing, and printing
cotton goods. Cambrics are to be sent from
B'ist'in, finished here and then sent back to that
citv for sale.
Opposite the Preston Retreat, on the Colum
bia itail Road, another factory,9l bv 53 leet,
and tour stories high, has been commenced by
William Clemons, who intends to make print
ing cloths and other cotton fabrics. All the old
factories are in full operation, and most of them,
we arc pleased to learn, are doing a good busi
ness.
These facts show with what rapidity and cer
tainty' Philadelphia is advancing in manufac
turing, that branch of her interests on which her
growthand greatnessmainlvdepend. We have
not a doubt that she will taroutstripevery rival,
and that within a short period. As Manches.
ter rivals Liverpool in population through the
vastness ot her manufactures, so will Philadel
phia rival New York. O'.rr climate and posi
tion are tar superior tothose ot any eastern city.
Coal is supplanting water for the use of facto
ries. Its price is never more than one halt of
the rate paid tor coal at Lowell, being obtained
here at from fifty cents to one d filar and seven
ty-five cents per ton for refuse and pea coal.
Mr. S. Slater, the lather of manufactures in
Rhode Lland, slid twentv-five years ago, that
steam would be preferred to water power for
manufacturing purposes: The prediction is
now proved on the Schuylkill, where both agents
are at command. But to return tothe prospects
of Philadelphia :—They are in all respects en
couraging to the friends of the city; rents are
advancing in every direction, a sure index of
prosperity. The wounds and stunning effects
received in 183 S and ’4O will soon be among
things only remembered, and the old community
of Penn, which some haughty neighbors have
afl’*eteil to consider as ol little account, will
prove that “some thingscan be done as well as
others.”
Fulfilment of a Prophecy.—ln one of the
letters which the senior editor of the Savannah
Republican is writing to his paper, descriptive
of scenes and events on bis tour to Europe,
Egypt, Syria and Palestine, we find ths
following extract giving an account of his visit
to Tyre, and showing the literal fulfilment ol
one ol’God’s prophecies:
We arrived at Tyre early in the afternoon,
and surely no place can better correspond to the
ot it. Formerly insular, it has been
connected with the main land since the conquest
of Alexander the Great, and the isthmus is still
narro ver than the site of the town, notwithstand
ing th- accumulation of centuries. Ot the an
cienL.own not a vestige remains. Aii is bu
ried beneath the sand, and several excavations
in progress expose to view the substructions ot
ancient buildings, the piers and arches of an
aqueduct, &c., but even these remains are doubt
less long posterior to the era of the first Tyre.
The present town is a miserable place, full of
filth and wretchedness. The only thingof inte
rest within the walls isthe remains of a very
fine church, which has been identified as the
one in which Eusebius used to preach in the
third century. Several fishing nets, spread out
to dry, called to mind the prophecy—“ And 1
will cause the of thy songs to cease, and
the sound of thy harps shall be no more beard
And 1 will make thee like the top of a rock,
thou shalt be a place to spread nets upon ; tbon
shall b* built no mire.”
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MOR WG,? MAY 15, 1845.
SATURDAY MORNING, MAY 10.
The southern V hlg.
While we can but admire the adroitness of
the Editor, in his effort to gefhis missile against
the Georgia Rail Road into our columns, we
cannot consent to give it a place, and think if
the editor will review his several articles in
connection with the communication of “An
other Stockholder,” in this day’s paper, he
will acquiesce in the justice of our decision.
yV We understand, says the Washington
Union of yesterday, that the Hon. Benjamin A.
Bidlack, ol Pennsylvania, has accepted the of
fice ol Charge d’ A ffaires to New Greneda.
The same paper states that Dr. Orris A.
Browne, Chief Clerk ot the Navy Department,
resigned his office on Monday morning.
Tut: Oregon.—The Washington Union says
that the Executive of the United States has no
intention ot closing the door of any negotiation
with Great Britain upon the “ Oregon question,”
ami that the negotiation is still going on.
The Texas Negotiation.-The Washington
Uni jn says that favorable despatches have be.-n
received by the Government from Major Donel
s»on, and that “his tetters from Texas breathe
great cunfidenee.as tothe of’our. |hro-,
positions by the approaching Congress.”
Rich Coal Mine in Troup.—The Lagrange
(Geo.) Star says:—On Saturday last, a friend
exhibited to us some coal, dug up from the laud
of a farmer in Trotip county. It is said to be a
rich specimen, and equal to the best Lehigh
or Alleghania coal. It is also thought to exist
in great abundance.
A Pirate.—The Key West Gazette, in no
ticing the arrival on the 21th ult. of the British
surveying ship Thunderer, from Nassau via
Havana, says she brings the report that fears are
entertained of there being a pirate in the vicini
ty of Nassau. Several vesdbls are missingfrom
the Bahamas, and the inhabitants fear they have
been taken by a pirate. Several other vessels
have been chased bya small trig, painted black,
with very raking masts which has been cruising
around the neighboring keys for several days
on an unknown purpose.
Fire—A slip from the office of the Ports
mouth (N. H.) Mercury, states that a fire broke
out in a wooden building on Market-street in
that city, on Sunday morning, which destroyed
property to the amount of $120,000.
■ - ——.—
We learn from the lowa Standard that the
Morman settlement in lowa county, west ol
lowa city, is in arms and divided into two par
lies, threatening each other with destruction.—
The Sheriff has levieda posse to go up and rec
tify the matter it possible. The difficulty is
said to have originated in the personal appro
priation of the monev and effects of the com
pany made by the leader, who has chosen and
armed a body-guard for his defence.
The Washington Union discredits the ru
mor which originated in a Halifax paper that
Sir George Simpson, who came passenger in
the Caledonia, is on his way to the Oregon as a
Governor ot that territory. Sir George Simpson
has been actingasdeputy (orresident) governor
of the Hudson’s Bay Company, (the governor
himselt being in London,) “and we doubt very
much,” remarks the Union, “whether the de
puly governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company
has not been mistaken for a Governor of Oregon.
It is also a questionable, problem whether the
Rritfsh eVowh WouTiJj <Tr pefllifps' coufcfi’ a ppofoli
under present circumstances, a Governor of
Oregon; ' -
Steamboat Explosion^— Columbus,
6.1., “ Enquirer," of the 7th inst., says: One of
the boilers of the steamer Charleston exploded
at the Race Pass, opposite Gen. Hamilton’s
plantation, at 12 o’clock, M., on Monday last—
tearing the boiler deck into a thousand!ragments.
anil throwing the chimneys down, wilhcut other
injury to the boat. Two of the negro firemen
. were severely scalded. The Clerk, Mr. Ap
[fiing, had a miraculous escape, for everything
around him was shattered to splinters, and he
thrown into the river without injury. All the
passengers were ashore at the moment, with the
exception of two ladies and two children. The
Charleston was on her return from Apalachi
cola, with the following paasengers :
Mrs. Bugbee and child—lady and child un
known—Messrs. Bugbee, Clayton, Hall, Camp
bell, Mangham and Sims. The passengers are
indebted to the kindness of Gen. Hamilton’s
family for conveyances to this city, which they
reached last evening.
The cargo was not injured. Not the slight
est blame is attributed to the officers ot the boat,
and >he accident is regarded as an incident to
steamers, against which no human foresight
can guard.
The Great Race between Fashion and pey
tana, to take place on the 13th, excites very ge
neral attention. The Spirit ofthe Times states
that both harses are ready and eager for the con
test, and in excellent condition. The odds,
however, have changed somewhat. Some days
since, 1000 to 800 was freely offered upon
Fashion, bitt al this time her friends do not ap
pear to feel the same confidence in her success.
The ‘Spirit’ thinks it doubtfol if 100 to 90 could
be got on the northern mare, and it is very pro.
bable that before the race, even betting will be
the order of the day. A Washington corres
pondent of the Times is ot opinion that the
greater age and the hard usage of ‘ Fashion’ in
her races since the race with ‘ Boston,’ and the
additional weight which she will carry, must
tell against her in the approaching contest. He
thinks that if Peytona is what sl.c should be, she
will make her first heat in 7:30, but sets down
Fashion as doing it in not less than 7:35,
Far the Chronicle and Sentinel.
Georgia Rail Road.
A VERY SHORT ANSWER TO A VERY LONG ARTICLE.
Theedilorot the Southern Whig continues per
tinaciously to insist, that the engineer ofthe Cen
tral Rail Road meant to include in his estimate
ol 8100,0001 rr “keepingup the road hereafter,"
the whole expenses ot management, and says,
“like a business man” he gave every item,
making upthat amount. So he does, and like
a business man, continues his report, andsays
“this is an average of about $526 per mile per
annum.” The expense the past year has been
$348 —about, two-thirds of the sum. The last
year then these expenses were only 866.666. —
The expenses are put down in the same report at
$117,719. Will the editor of the Southern Whig
employ a few leisure moments in accounting for
thedifference betweens 66,666 and 8147,719. It
the editor rs still disposed to continue his labors
let him look a little farther into the same report
and see if he cannot find in the able report ofthe
President, where accounting for the cash, an item
for “railroad expenditures,” which, including
expenses ol management, amounts to $285,796,-
09. Let the stockholders keep the closest watch
on the management ofthe company; but I must
confess I can see no good likely to result to their
interests from misstatements and perversions
that can only mislead the ignorant.
ANOTHER STOCKHOLDER.
Not a Marrying Man.—A Western contem
porary, who is an incorrigible bachelor, savs
that he is opposed to uniting the marrying with
the printing interest—as, during these hard
times, he finds it as much as he can do to issue
a single sheet, without being bothered with little
extras.
Mineral Wealth.—Upwards of forty new
lead mines have been opened in the mining re
gions upon the Upper Mississippi during the
last winter. The mineral lands of lowa and
Wisconsin are supposed to be more productive
of this metal than the whole of Europe, with
the exception of Great Britain.
Prum t/i- Naluwil
The Oregon Question.
In presenting io the public, as we
:i lew days, in a sort of Spirit of trie n
ihe Oregt n question, views ot a yjpgty
Jc.'.nit. Is which struck us as- ;
worthiest ot a tie nt bn, we reserved
to offer, at leisure and with
comments or such further views as subject
and the moment seem t> require. Hagifthe
occasion is not one ot emergency, as
it is, invites only the calmest
heretofore ihe matter has been weigh«BKit is
entitled to be, lhen the case must be
most grave one; and if it has
weighed, it is time that iishould be.
• -ncy. then, can we be
seek only t) touch it after haying
amined it. So large is the thing its
magnitude of interests and ot con that
he who speaks of it suddenly, ii.« 'u
aid of s[ caking ot it rashly, unwispMMfciy,
perhaps, as to ihe very national he
means io consult, dangerously as to pas
sions, which ought not to be loosed unadfeedly,
and ruinously as to that public prodrate- and
rightfulness which hasty and
counsels mu-t set at naught. ■
Be our rights to ihe territory of Oregy# what
they may. it is quite possible lo put vimks in
the wrong, by resorting to certain as-
serring them. While lair and
of realizing them are yet unexhausted,ilgboth
entirely wrong and unpardopably to
to extreme and violent ones,
injustice it our opponent be weak, failln |he
case ol Mexico,) and risk, if she be str, Uy ■as I
ia Ibe <•"!' ol Britain. s - - ■
U fitlfrWTnfes oi' ..m raßiLa
which civilization lias by degrees broughtr.txHir,
there is scarcely any case ol claim andcouri’er
claim where a nation can venture to take the
violent ground that she will not negotiate. To do
so is distinctly to announce that, for other na
tions, all conflict of pretensions with yours must
be intolerable; that you cannot be dealt with:
that you hold out to all Governments but the al>
ternatives ot submission or war. This be in;
once announced, the rest ot the world will att
accordingly; no weak nation will have ary
thing to do with you ; or such will form a gene
ral league against you, and, as to the strong,
they will, ol course, fight you on all occasions,
good or bad, small or great; tor, to compromise
or concede any thing lo a country acting upon
that principle would be impossible, and evtry
misunderstanding would be at once a war.
So well settled is the rule that no nation can
fight while the opponent of its claims offers a
fair and equal negotiation, and so nranitcstly
just as well as humane is that rule, that it would
seem incredible that any man who waseveren
trusted with public questions should be ignorant
enough lo advise the country, or blind enough
not to see the inevitable consequences, if that
idea were adopted which we heard' repeatedly
urged upon the floor of Congress last session by
■ Democratic” members, that we ought w.vtr io
negotiate!
l o set up such a n lion is to revive, upon the
most gigantic scale, that nld umpirage otprivate
rights, the wazer of battle, which never was seen
except in a single era ol brute and batbarous
force, and at which, for its shocking absurdity,
the very children laugh in th" present age of rea
son and of humanity. Besides, should it not
have occurred to the persons equally aliant and
discreet who uphold such a policy that) if we
adopt it towards others, they wilt all adspt it to
wards us; and that, consequently, all nut foreign
intercourse must not only Ire reduced foofte of
blows atone, but that even in this incessant and
universal war, we could never settle any terms
of peace, nor the articles ot a capitulation, nor
an exchange of prisoners?
Certainly, byway of justifying this monstrous
proposition, these statesmen t>f the Progressive
Party took upon themselves to assert .he re
markable historical lact t'lal we always lose by
negotiation! That is to say, that the treaty ot
peace with Great Britain in 1783, that for the
purchase of Louisiana, that of Ghent, Jhat ot
Florida, and all those negotiated under tie Jack
sonian dynasty, were di-graceful and ditastrous
bargains, than which war itself would have been
far more certain and profitable!
We are, however, free to acknowledge that if
we are to have only such negotiators is many
of those appointed in these latter days/the Pro
gressive Democracy may be right, had
belter abolish the heavy expense ot our diplo
matic service at once. But, to rettrffi to the
It lr. »
tian canrot decline the oflir of a ’Uacetul and
cq titahlc adjustment, it ftdlorvi, :;!; rm :<■
strongly that, once entered upon, sh“ 'nitst prose
cute it to the end, as long as the fithepparty gives
r o evidence of a mere intention to delude her.
Neither can, except for known and fair cause,
weak off the treaty: fortrot only will the original
duty of a peaceful accommodation still subsist,
but the parties will have bound themselves by a
mutual pledge, in the positive act of setting on
foot the negotiation. In a word, neither can
abandon it, unless for some serious cause af
forded by fheolberaud prejudicing the event, or
else on account of some interruption by a third
party, ilr.it affects your rights. Ofcuuise. when
they have begun to treat, good taith and justice
binds both pat ties lo forbear to do any thing with
the view of altering their respective positions tn
the controversy, or towards the attainment of its
object, otherwise than through the negotiation
they are conducting.
All these are principles which It would be in
vain for any one to attempt to dispute; and their
application to this Oregon coniroversysfeins to
us just as strictly indisputable.
If our claim was originally disputable enough
to warrant our consenting to negotiate—and our
en’ering into the negotiation bars us ol all right
tu say to the contrary—then three things follows:
Cither the claim of both parlies must continue
unaltered; or one party must have got some aug
mentation of its rights; or some third Power
must have interfered. But the last certainly has
n >t happened; it must be, therefore, either the
first or second case.
It the first, we can have no excuse for not pur
suing the negotiation; and this, as we have half
intimated, implies that it is to be left to its fair
course in the hands of those who are conducting
it. Congress or Parliament nffrst not publicly
break into it; for nepouations cannot be carried
on in that way.
But it it is the second case, and the claim of
one party has gained some addition, apart from
the negotiation itself, then that must have hap
pened either because we have obtained some new
and important proofs; or because Britain has;
ot because we, by some extraneous movement,
lia"e gained or attempted to gain an advantage;
or because she has done so.
As to the last, we have no cause of complaint
and have, therefore, no right to break off the
treaty. Great Britain has taken no new steps
to our prejudice in Oregon—none which were
not in our c ontemplation when wc began to treat
last t ear.
On the other hand, one branch of our Govern
ment has attempted to prejudicelhe position ot
tilings by the p issage of a law; but it tailed.
And the Executive has made an indiscreet,
but irregular and ineffective declaration. But
"neither of these is ot consequence enough
to warrant B itain’s stopping the negotiation,
though both must ha’uraliy make l.er continue
it in a less just and yielding temper.
The second case only, then, remains lo be ex
amined; and that is perfectly clear.
We are not aware that, since fest year, any
new light has dawned upon either our claim or
that of Britain, so strong as to forbid further re
gotiation. But if, nevertheless, there be such,
known to the public, it must surely be known
also to the negotiators, and therefore cannot fail
to expedite a quiet and final settlement of the
matter. Have we got stronger proof ot our
rights? That would be a very strange reason
for wanting to break up the trial, instead of
pressing fora verdict! Has Britain found new
and decisive testimony? We fancy not: but
it she has, it would be most perfidious and un
principled lor us, on that ai count,’to ' want tc
stop the cause, to a lair trial ot which we
have suhmit'ed ouerselves.
We conclude that the case should go forward
to its peacetul and reasonable decision; anil
we hope, as is our public duty, that it will, in
spite of all blusterers, ersor Oaus-atlantic.
Later from Canton.
The ship Helena, Capt. Benjamin, arrived
yesterday from Canton, from which port she
sailed on the 27t'i January, thus bringing intel
ligence considerably later than bad been before
received. She brought, however, no papers and
lew letters, and we are therefore without our
usual files. The news seems to be of very lit
tle importance.
H. M. ship Vestal retained to Hong Kong
on the 221 ot January, bringing from Wham
poa another instalment ot the indemnity,
amounting to $3,000,000.
A circular from the Baptist mission in China,
slates that during the year eighteen natives have
been baptized and receized into the Church.—
Some ol them are men ot high literary attain
ments: only one of them has been excluded.—
There are between 20 and 30 cases of interest
ing inquiry. There are 13 native preachers at
work at Hong Kong an 1 the neighboring towns,
and great success had attended their labors.—
l ite Mxndarins of Knowlooa have given the
Missionaries permission to occupy oneot their
idol temples.—A". Y. Cour. <f- Enq.
A letter from Washington says:—A part of
the Globe contract has not yet appeared in nrint.
It was not in the terms published by the parties,
nor was it referred to in the published letters ot
Mr. Van Buren and Gen. Jackson, viz: that
the senior editor of the Globe is to have the
Ru*sia mission. There i> little doubt, howev
er, of the fact.— Salt Pat.
From the Savannah Republican, 5/A inst.
The Difficulties in the Baptist Church.
Southern Institutions.—Though always
acting on the principle that the secular press
should have as little to do as possible with sec
tarian controversies, we are inclined to think
thatthecase above named should form a marked
exception to the general rule. It is intimately
connected with our Southern institutions, and
perhaps may have a remote bearing on the ulti
mate political relations ot the Northern and
Southern portions ot the Union. We will en
deavor to give a brief statement ofthecase.—
The Board of Foreign Missions of the Baptist
Church ot the United States, located at Boston,
has lor some years pursued a course, on the
subject of slavery, which produced dissatisfac
tion in the southern portions ofthe Church, and
caused the Conventions in some of the States to
withhold their portion of the lund intended for
the support of the Missionaries abroad. Ata
meeting of the Alabama Convention, some
months since, a preamble and resolutions were
adopted, calling upon the Board to make a dis
tinct avowal ot its sentiments and policy on
that subject. In his answer the President of
the Board, Daniel Sharp, says:
“If anyone should offer himself as a Mis
sionary, having slaves, and should persist in re
taining them, as his property, we could not ap
point him. One thing is certain, we can never
be a party lo any arrangement that would imply
approbation of slavery.”
Thisextraordinary language has very propet
ly aroused the Southern sections ot the Church.
The determination ofthe Board is regarded by
them as e tirely unconstitutional—a streteh ot*
, warranted neither by the terms ot as
- yt.ci..' -i-,- c:-rout.''! Christ’' 1 :: ccunesv.;,
’ wilti t .
Mason, a Missionary under the Baptist Board
atTavoy, to Lewis Tappan. Mr. Mason had
received a contribution of some clothing for the
use ot the Mission from some ol tne Southern
Churches. Alter speaking in very disrespect
ful terms of the Churches, he thus concludes:
“1 have, therefore, the pleasure to enclose an
order tor ten dollars on our Treasury, which I
will thank you to pay over to the Committee in
New York, to assist in the escape ot runaway
slaves. The money is not sent you out of my
abundance, but because there seems to me no
ground lor neutrality now, and I wish to show
decidedly, that I have no sympathy with slavery,
no compromise to make with it whatever.—
My motto in this work is, a Delenda est Car
thago."
Such language as this, coming from one
who is supported and sustained by the Board,
has very properly aroused the indignation of
every Southern man in the Church. The con
sequence is that a Convention composed ot
delegates from the several Baptist Conventions
in the Southern States has been called to as
semble at Augusta on next Thurslay, the Bth
instant. What action will be taken by that
body remains to be seen. We can scarcely
anticipate any thing short of an entire separa
tion from the Northern portion of the Church,
and ot a formal declaration of the views and
feelings ol the delegates there assembled upon
the several ques'ions in controversy.
We do not wish to excite undue feelings in
regard lo these improper attacks upon our in
stitutions; but the time has conic when it be
comes our people to lake a bold and decisive
stand in regard lo them. There are evidently
now making general and concerted efforts to
destroy the position of Southern men and South
ern Churches. Sacrifice lifter sacrifice, for the
sake of peace hasbeen made, until the adversary
has grown so bold as almost to beard us in our
own homes. We need not allude to the num
ber of attempts to abduct slaves, during the
last twelve months, in every section ol the
Sooth. The cases of Walker, Torrey and Miss
Webster, aie fresh in the minds ot our people.
Even during the past week a case occurred in
our city which deserves to be mentioned. It
was that ol a Captain of a Foreign vessel, who,
when requested by the City M-rshal lo send to
jail in terms ot the law, some negro sailors that
had been brought into purlin bis vessel, treated
that officer with great rudeness, and indulged
ia boisterous and improper complaints against
a law which required him, as he said, to impris
on his sailors because they happened to be black.
Such impudence and outrage ought not to be
submitted to by our people tor a moment. If
men come into our ports, they must expect to
submit to our laws; and, in cases like the pre
sent, where such deportment might be follow
ed by serious results, tne forbearance ot the
community is more commendable than safe.
Too great caution and watchfulness on the
part ot om police connot exist under the cir
cunrstahci's. Indeed, upon this point, we have
generally in the South become too careless. It
is time that we look to our interests-and prepare
to guard them with firmness and decision. The
course of the Baptist Convention will be regard
ed with deep solicitude by all who feel an in
terest in our institutions. The letter of Mr.
Mason, from which we extract above,discloses
the astounding fact that in New York there is
a “ Commit, ec to assist in the escape of runaway
slaves." The announcement needs no com
ment.
Official-
Appointments by the President.— Edmund
Burke, Commissioner of Patents, in place of
Henry L. Ellsworth, resigned.
Otis N. Cole, Collector,&c., at Sackett's Har
bor, N. Y , vice John O. Dickey, removed.
Phineas W Leland, Collector of Fall River,
Mass., vice Charles J. Holmes, removed.
Edwin Wilbur, Collector of Newport, R. f.,
vice William Ennis, removed.
Infidel Convention.- A meeting ot infidels,
mainly delegates, from various parts of our
country, convened at the Coliseum, in New
York, on Sunday. We understand, says the
Tribune, that ten States were represented. The
number present must have been about five hun
dred, of whom probably one-half were delegates
Females in Coalpits—lt is asserted, by an
English paper, that the number of women em
ployed in those coal districts where this prac
tice prevailed, is as great as it was before Lord
Ashley’s Act was passed. The tact is, the poor
creatures must do this or starve, they, therefore,
nut on men’s apparel, and work as men, where
lhey before worked as women. Unless the con
dition ol the people be bettered, it is useless to
meddle with employment by which they sustain
life.
E.mioc.ation from Europe.—Efforts are ma
king byJbe King of the Netherlands to render
the emigration of passengers to this country
prompt, cheap, and comfortable. Pa sengers
trom Germany and Switzerland are recommend
ed to lake sleaAboats down the Rhine; when
they arrive at the Netherland ports, spacious
and well regulated ships will always be found
to take them to this country. The Consul of
the Netherlands, at New York, has issued a
Circular, in which all these advantages are set
fbfih, and the judicious means proposed by the
King for the regulation of e nigration are
stated. It is estimated that 30,00(1 Germans
annually arrive in this country. During fire
years preceding 1839, 25.000 emigrants sailed
Irom Bavaria atone, to the United States.
Emigration from England and Ireland is
daily becoming more systematic. It is said
that about seventy families have recently arriv
ed in Boston, sent out under the direction of
Hamden & Co. by the Emigrant Society in Eng
land.
From France, the tide ot emigration is con
stant and increasing. France, next to Ireland
and Germany, is doing the rrnst to fill up this
country. There are about 50,000 Frenchmen
in this State, 20,000 in Michigan, 40,000 in
Missouri and not tar from 100,000 in Loui
siana. In other States the number might ap
proach 75,000. — N. Y. Express.
Bank State of Georgia.—At an election
held on Monday, at the Banking House of the
Bank of the State ol Georgia, the following
gentlemen were re-elected Directors on the
part of the individual Stockholders for the en
suing year, viz: Geo. B. Cumming, Benj.
Snider, C. P. Richardsone, Wm. Thorne Wil
liams, Mich’i Dillon, H. D. Weed, 770616 A.
Hardee, Wm. B Hodgson.
Henry Roser is the Director on the part of
the State.
At a meeting of the Board yesterday Geo.
B. Cumming was unanimously re-elected
President.— Sav. Repub. Tth. inst.
Curious Rl m .ik.—The following is going the
round of the newspapers. There must be some
mistake, or the man would have been instantly
removed:
The Postmaster at Philadelphia, it is said,
hasbeen opening and reading letters addressed <
to Mr. D illas and others, and that he re-sealed
them so clumsily that the trick was discovered.
Rumor gives this as the cause ol the Vice-Pre
sident’s recent visit to Washington.
Businessbefore Pleasure.—An apothecary
of Boston a few years since, who was very
peculiar in his notions, and remarkably atten
tive to business, had the misfortune to lose his
wife. At the hour of banal, he placed the fol
lowing labtl on hisshop door:
“Gone from home to the funeral of his wife,
Be back in halt'an hour.”
A Bristol naval officer has invented a cloak
which is capable ol being filled with air and
used as a boat. An experiment was lately made
with one of these at Plymouth, England, in
which the parly paddled off some miles from Ihe
ship, holding an umbrella over his head, and on
landing, he put bis boat on his back and walked
off’.
May 15, 1845
From the Providence (R. I ) Tr«tWcrr>iZ.
Baptist Aiiuivcrsailes.
The Eighiti Annual Meeting ot the American
and Foreign Bible Society was held in the First
Baptist Meetinghouse, yesterday morning. The
exercises consisted of the opening Addresses of
the President, Rev. Dr. Cone, of New Yoik; the
Annual Reports of the Board, and the Treasu
rer, and Addresses by the Rev. Mr. Everens, ol
New York; Rev. Mr. Neal, of Boston; Rev.
Mr. Dean, Missionary to China; and Rev. Mr.
Kincaid, Missionary to Burmah.
It appeared trom the Report ot the American
and Foreign Bible Society, that the donations
made to that Institution during the past year,
amounted to $27,677 15, and the receipts for co
pies of the Scriptures to $6,885 50; making the
total receipts lor the depository year, $34,562 70;
volumes issued, 26,239, valued at 89,483 27.
The new auxiliaries recognised the last year
number 60; and2s Life Directors and 285 Lite
Members have been enrolled, more than double
the number of the preceding year.
The receipts ot the year, more than SII,OOO
larger than the preceding, and also larger than
any former one, are analyzed into the different
sources and designations, &c. &c, Since the
formation of this society, it has been enabled to
devote $131,342 to Ihe foreign distribution of the
Scriptures, and $49,743 to the home supply.
In regard to new fields to be cultivated by us, the
Report expresses the conviction of the Board,
that while the work already commence! on the
Eastern Continent and Islands is not to be aban
doned, we are more especially bound lo took tor
additional openings in the Western world, so
that the millions ot America may not be forgot
ten, in xhe endeavor to evangelize the world.
i he publications ot the year have been more
•Wli uvuufo ilnise ui aayptoriowyear,>aiouib
ing to 53,546 Bibles and Testament--, irnT’Mi ag
gregate, since the Society commenced the woik
ol home supply, of 132,751 volumes of the
Divine Word.
In the afternoon and evening, the annual
meeting of the American Baptist Home Mis
sionary Society was held in the same place.
Hon. Hetnan Lincoln, of Boston, President of
the Society, in the chair.
By the report of the Secretary ot the Home
Missionary Society, it appears that the opera
tions ot the Society have been extended over
eighteen States ol the Union, besides stations
occupied in Texas and Canada. The Valley
ot the Mississippi, however, is the principal
theatre of its action. The amount of receipts
into the treasury, independently ot funds re
ceived and expended under the direction ot aux
iliary societies, is $18,675.
The number ot missionaries employed 99;
Churches constituted 51; in connection with
which 32 ministers have been ordained. Mem
bers added by baptism, 818. Sunday Schools
established, 1.45, comprising 3910 pupils. Hou
ses of worship completed, 7.
In addition to these results, Auxiliary Socie
ties, in different States, have received into their
several treasuries the sumol 830,625, have em
ployed 260 missionaries and agents, whose la
bors jointly have been equal to the labor of one
man 138 years; 1435 persons have been received
into church membership by baptism; 18 new
churches organized, and 15 ministers ordained.
The labors of the Society during the past year
have been considerably more extensive than du
ring any previous one of its existence.
At the last annual meet'ng of the Society in
Philadelphia, the following resolutions were
adopted:
Resolved, That a Committee be appointed,
consisting ot three Iron, the North, three from
the South, and three from the West, with the
President of the Society as chairman, to take
into consideration the subject of an amicable
dissolution ot this Sociely, or to report such al
terations in the Constitution as will admit of the
co-operation of brethren who cherish conflicting
views on the subject ot slavery.
The Committee appointed last year under this
resolution, then presenterftwo Repo’ts; one a re
port of .the majority of the Committee in favor
ot continuing the Society on its present basis,
and the other, a minority Report, in favor of dis
solution.
From verbal statements made by the Commit
tee, it appeared that circulars had been addressed
to the churches in six of the non-slaveholding
States, and that ansvrers had been received from
172 out of 9100 churches addressed.
Dr. Wayland said he was alarmed at the ten
dency of these appeals to the Chinches—that
none could tell where it would end. The
Churches have nothing to do with the matter.
The Society was riot formed ot Churches, bm
contributors. But even if this was correct in
principle, the number of Churches heard trom
Was Ihi tov small to lurnish any basis fcr aeiion.
One hundred and seventy-two churches, out of
nine thousand and’somc hundreds, was a very
small proportion. •
After much discussion, Dr. Welch, of Albany,
offered Hie following resolution:
Resolved, That in view of our allegiance to
the King of Zion, it is, in the judgment of this
Sociely, inexpedient for the Executive Board to
employ brethren holding property in their fellow
men, as missionaries in the field of their opera
tions.
Dr. Wayland regarded the introduction of Dr.
Welch’s Resolution as an unconstitutional act.
The constitution of the Society admits slave
holders, as well as the non-siaveholders, to all
the privileges of the Society. This Resolution
denies them some. He could not vote for Dr.
Welch’s Resolution, because it was not true.
He did not believe that “allegiance tothe King
of Zion,” requires what is “inexpedient.”
Addresses were made by Rev. Drs. Sears,
Cone and Williams, and by several others, from
the Soutli and North.
Almost all the speakers said that division ap
peared to them to be inevitable. They desired,
however, that it might be effected in such away
as to injure the constitutional rights of none.
Ata late hour the Rev. Dr. Magincis of
Hamilton, N. Y., introduced the following Reso
lutions, as a substitute tor Dr. Welch’s:
Whereas, The American Baptist Home Mis
sionary Society is composed of contributors, re
siding in slave-holding and non-slaveholding
States; and whereas the Constitution recognizes
IW distinction among the members ofthe Socie
ty, as to eligibility to all the offices and appoint
ments, in the gift, both ot the Society and ol the
Board; and whereas it has been found that the
basis on which the society was organized is one
upon which all the members and friends ot the
Society are not now willing to act; therefore,
1. Resolved, That in our opinion it is expe
dient that the members now forming the society,
should hereafter act ju separate organizations at
the South and at the North, in proinoitng the
objects which were originally contemplated by
the Society.
2. R.solved, That a commiitee be appointed
to report a plan by which the object contemplat
ed in the preceding resolution may be accom
plished in the best way, and the earliest period
of time, consistently with the preservation of
the constitutional rights of all the members,
and with the least possible interruption ot the
missionary work of the society.
The Sociey then adjourned to 9 o’clock
Thursday morning.
The resolutions of the Rev. Dr. Maginnis
were adopted on Thursday, by a considerable
majority. The second requiring the appoint
ment ot a committee to report a plan for a divi
sion, the following gentlemen were appo nled :
Rev. Drs. Maginnis, Wayland, Welch, and
Sears, and Rev. Messrs. Tucker, Webb and
Taylor. Dr. Welch dechned to serve, and the
Hon. J. 11. Duncan, of Mass., was appointed in
his stead.
The Steam Navy of France.—A Pariscor
respindent of the New York Tribune, says that
the steam navy of France, is composed ol four
frigates, 20guns each; one ot 510, and three of
450 horse power, one sloop of 20 guns, 320
horse power; twenty-three sloops of 6 guns each,
all of 169 horse power; 18 vessels of 30 to 120
horse power, each armed with 4 to 6 small pie
ces; 17 Transatlantic steamships ; 13 of these
vessels are 0t’450 h irse power, and can be armed
as corveltes--80 war steamers, 6 of 220 horse
power, and 12 ot 120 to 160 horse power, are
used in transporting the Mail to Algiers, &c.
Total of vessels belonging to the State, and ca
pable of being armed 98. The number of steam
ers employed io commerce in France, is 108.
Total of all steamboats in France 20G.
Printer’s Language.—Every profession has
its technical terms, and ot course the printers
have a “small smattering” which is only intel
ligible to the cratt. The following is a speci
men; it don’t mean, however, as much as it
would seem tothe uninitiated:
“Jim, put Gen Washington on illegally, and
then finish the murder of that young girl yon
commenced yesterday. Set up the entile ruins
ot Herculaneum: distribute the small pox; you
need not finish the runaway match; have the
high water in the paper this week. Let the pie
alone till after dinner, but put the political bar
becue to press, and then go to the devil, an I he
will tell you about the work lor the morning.”
Not much wonder that Dr. Faustus was burnt
tor inventing such a diabolical art. — Delaware
Republican.
Rancid Butler.—Ho make rancid butter sweet
heat two pounds ot it in a sufficient qnantitv ot
water, into which drop 30 drops of chloride ot
lime, and alter washing fi welt, let it stand about
two hours in the water, drain it off, and wash it
again in fresh water, and it will be fresh and
sweet. This is a French recipe—safe and .sim
ple-
The amount invested in the American
While Fisheries ill the Pacific is estimated at
17,733,411 in ships, and 12 510.067 in cargoes,
oil, 4kc.
MOI4DAY MORNING, MAY 12.
i Dr. Lardner’b Lectures.—We have before
1 us the first number ol the popular lectures ol
I Dr. Lardncron Astronomy, published by Gree-
■ ley & McElrath, ol New York. The work
will be completed in 10 or 12 numbers, each
number illustrated with engravings on wood.
The number on our table has an engravin? ol
this kind, representing Madler’s Telescopic
1 View ot the Moon. Il is a most capital speci
men of art. Besides this engraving, thisnum-
• ber abounds with fine cuts and diagrams illus
' trative of the subject to which the work is de
’ voted. We can confidently commend this work
: to the public, as being worthy of patronage.
t The Cotton Crop.—The total receipts ol
( cotton atall theshipping ports to the latestdates,
, says the Savannah Republioan, amounts to
t 2,219,765 bales. The receipts last year to same
■ time, were 1,830,771 bales, and the year pre
! vious 2,165,111 bales. The increase of receipts
over last season is 388,994 bales, and over the
“ receipts of 1842-43, 51,654 bales. The crop
I will, without doubt, reach 2,400,000 bales, and
if the receipts at the ports from this time to the
r close of the season should be as large as they
' were duTiog the same period of the past two
years, it will amount to 2,450,000ba1e- 1 :.
Minmh-bk TO ENOi.Aj/o.A’The Cftarfortqn
• CroXefdt'Sfotoi-’i), ;V .
c from '’stoltfe oct which v* ; Jan rely, that the I
! Hon. F. W. Piekens has declined the nomina-
I tion ol Minister tothe Court ot St. James, ten
dered him by the President of the U St des.”—
We sincerely hope this is true, and most cor-
' dially congratulate the country upon this deter
mination ol Mr. Pickens.— Ed. Chron. <f- Sent.
Editorial Change.— Samuel W. Flournoy,
s Esq , has retired from the editorial chair oi the
' Columbus Enquirer. His successor is not
I ”
. named, though he is vouched for by Mr. F. ar
fully able to sustain the principles of the Whig
party.
; Ripe Peaches 111— The Columbia Sotilh
1 Carolinian, says: May sth, 1845.—Capt. Henry
’ Lyons has just sent us some beautiful Nutmeg
. Peaches, perfectly ripe, and fine flavored, grown
in the open air in his garden in this city. This
remarkable precocity shows that Columbia cx-
. cels any portion of the United States, lying in
- the same latitude, in the production ot early
j fruits, and also gives high evidence that it is not
; the trees and climate alone which bring about
these things, but that much depends, as in this
r instance, on careful attention being bestowed on
them.
, " The Cherokee Country is represented by
the Tahlequah Advocate to be in a stale of unu
sual quietude, and the people are rapidly ad
vancing in education amt civilization. The
t farmers were not idle. Many finished planting
tro® thirty to fifty acres of corn the last week in
. March; many others, who on the 10th of April
s had from fifty to an hundred acres planted, were
> not yet done. In many sections corn and Irish
potatoes were already up—the oats and wheal
. crops looked fine, and an abundant harvest was
anticipated.
: White Path, who had been running at large
since 1839, charged with the murder of Samuel
Ratliff, has been arrested, and was to have been
I tried on the 9th ultimo. Proctor and Barrow,
; charged with the murder ol Bill Highwass,
were tried about the Ist ultimo and acquitted.
( Pittsboro.—Accounts trom Pittsburg state
? that the “ burnt district” in this new and enter-
■ prising city will speedily be rebuilt. Con
' tracts already been mffde for the erection
! of about 300 buildings. A fire or any othei ca-
• lamity, however terrible, can only check, not
J destroy, the energy and prosperity of such a
community as that which makes up the popu-
, lation ot Pittsburg.
, Anti-Renters.—The Hudson Republican of
Monday, says, that deputy sheriff’ Sedgwick
1 has been through the “infected district” in that
v cinity several times last week, without being
in the slightest degree molested.
Some of the newspapers and letterwriters in
Washington (says the Union) have alluded to
an extra session of Congress. It has been said,
that this proposition was discussed in the Cabi
net on one day last week, (Monday, we believe.)
As such annunciations are only calculated to
produce an undue impression on the public
mind, and to display a degree ot excitement on
the part of tie cabinet, which does not exist, we
deem it best, at once, to contradict the rumor.
The N. Y. Courier, commenting on the pe
cuniary relief afforded to Mr. Clap’ by some of
his friend :, a notice of which we published a
few days ago, remarks:
This is indeed a most emphatic expression of
admiration: and no feature oi it pleases us bel
ter iiian the quiet secrecy with which it was ac
complished. The generous men engaged in it
were content with doing a deed of high-minded
beneficence; they did not find it atall essential
to their comfort that it should be blazoned in the
newspapers, while it was in progress, or that the
worl'l should know that lhey had done it. The
simple “luxury of doing good” sufficed them.
Had the energy which has been expended in pro
claiming intentions of erecting a monument, or
a statue, or some other memorial of Henry
Clay, been directed to the work itself, it might
ere this have been well nigh accomplished. As
it is, we see no prospect that it will ever advance
beyond the proclamations that have been made.
The truth is, tiial men in earnest are generally
content to walk in secret, leaving their deeds to
speak of their intentions.
We have been familiarly acquainted with all
that has taken place in relation lo the raising the
$39,000, irom ns incipient step lo its final con
summation ; and knnu that those engaged in that
good work desired it should not be brought be
lore the public. Accident and the good inten
li ins of citizens who happened not to have been
familiar wiih the proceedings and wishes ot the
parties who furnished the money, have unfortu
nately thwarted their intentions
Another Destructive Fire.—On Friday
morning the 2d inst., our citizens were aroused
about 4 o’clock, by the alarm bells and the cry
of Fire! With great haste we repaired tothe
point designated as the scene of its ravages, and
found that fire had been communicated to the
small ware house of Capt. G. G. Smith, on the
New Cmin-.V Wharf. Such was the alarm and
trepidation ot the citizens, without any efficient
organization lor the suppression ot fir-, that all
th" efforts to star the progress of the devouring
fl imesfor a time seemed perfectly powerle-s.
The loss ot property iseslimated at $59 090
including the value of the buildings, furniture
and goods. Thus within about two years New
bern has sustained a loss of property by this
destructive agent ot al least $300,009; which,
while it is small in comparison with the losses
of other towns, yet, tailing upon many who
were totally unable to bear the loss, most seri
ously affects the prospects ol the place. In 'he
two firmer casesof fire, they were evidently oc
casi' ned through negligence or carelessness,
but in this instance, it was clear!}- the work ol '
some base incendiary, originating either in the J
malice of the scoundrel or in the desire tor plan- 1
tier. We are glad to learn that our Commis- I
sioners have offered a reward for the detection ’
qf the villain. — N:w!> rnian.
From the Boston Times, May 5.
Great Fire at Portsmouth, N. 11.
Not less than r>l2t),oM destroyed.—lt becomes ,
our painful duty to record the most serious and (
sad calamity that has belallen our town since (
1813. Ab rut half past twelve o’clock this morn- ,
ing, a small wooden b'lildinc in the rear of the ,
bat store ot’ Daniel Knight & Co., west side ol t
Market street, was discovered lo be on fire. (
The wind was blowing fresh Irom the west (
ward at the time, and the flames communicated
to the adjacent buildings, and spread with fear
ful rapidity in three directions, consuming i
several large and valuable brick blocks, t
together with a number of wooden dwelling <■
houses and otn buildings, in the most central i
and business part of the town. e
So rapid was the progress of the flames at one t
time, it was impossible to determine where lhej- <1
would be arrested, and a train of cars were des s
patched to Newburyport lor assistance, which p
brought three fire companies with iheir engines I
and apparatus, but fortunately the fire was so 1
lar got under before thiy arrived as to leave i
them but little to do. a
The light trom the fire was seen in Salem, I
Mass., forty miles distant. It is stated that the ti
VOL. IX.—NO. 19.
express engine sent to Nev buryport for assist
iice was only seventeen minutes In traversing
nineteen miles.
From the National. IntiUieenar.
The Oregon Quest ton.
It was not without reason, when the other day
we called the attention of our readers to the
at length acknowledge : fact ol the establish
ment of a government press, dependent tor its
existence on the Executive will, that we fore
told—however repugnant the idea ot a press so
situated —that the admission ot the fact would be
found to place the country and the interests ot
public freedom, in reterence to Presidential
power, on a better footing. We who watch
that power can now oblige it lospeak out; and,
when it has spoken we can force it to stand to
what it has said. We have al last a known re
sponsibility, like that ol Ministers on the floor
ofthe British House of Commons; who, when
pressed with questions asto what the Govern
ment designs in any matter of serious concern,
must eome forward, let the public into their
councils, or show a sufficient reason why lhey
cannut; and, in a word, give a plain and straight
account ot what. they are about. This we bad
not been able to’drag uuiaphe previous irregu
lar organs of HieExecuti«ie purposes-. but now
we have done it, and shall continue to do it.
We have, in a word, by obr last article cm
that question which has spread such alarm
throiig'ii the moneyed and commercial inierests .
of the country —the Oregon question—extorted
from the Government paper a distinct avowal
ti at the n r gotiatu>n with England on that matter
is to proceed— nust proceed. On this subject
Hie v>a«q.’tot the Ad uinisiratiouareexprcssedia
,an article in the Union ot Monday uigbt as 10l-
, iv, r.
th* brtN-'SIII ol
:"■is. homily-, to ihe
P"ople.
tn e of the United Slates have any intention ol
closing the door to any negotiation with Great ’
Britain upon the Oregon question, and, there
fore, we might suppose that all inferences which
Hie National Intelligencer draws trom Hie sup
posed ‘ violent ground’that the United States
(for instance) ‘ will iu>t nego'.iate' upon such a
course, leaving us the ‘ alternatives of submission
or war,' and all the denunciations which it so
gratuitously pours forth upon the ‘shocking ab
surdity’ and the barbarous doctrine that ‘we
ought not to negotiate,’ (which the National In
telligencer attributes to some of the Republi
cans.) and that thus we revive ‘that old umpi
rage ot private rights—the wager of battle'—are
entirely misplaced.
“ We certainly do not understand that the ne
gotiation about Oregon is atan end; or that our
Administration is determined or willing to termi
nate it; or that tnere is no prospect ol amicably
adjusting the dispute; or that it must necassnri
ly end in breaking up the peace ofthe two great
countries. We see no necessity, therefore, ot
analyzing Ihe triple allern itive which the Na
tional Intelligencer is pleased to make out in
its elaborate article ol near one column and a
half. We yet trust that ‘the case may go for
ward to its peaceful and reasonable deci-ion;’
and in spite, too, ot all the unnecessary menaces
of the British Ministers and all the blusterings
of the London journals.
“ Instead ot giving its gratuitous and super
fluous advice to our Cabinet, we should have
been better pleased to see ihe National Intelli
gencer coming out with the expression ot its
own opinions on the question itself. We should
have been much better satisfied to have seen
the National Intelligencer vindicating the just
claims of our own country against the assaults
and arguments of British tongues and British
pens; and we still hope lo see that journal thus
employed, and not again, as in the caseol Texas,
counteracting the rights and the interests of our
own country.”
We congratulate the country on this assent,
however tardily yielded, and however ungra
ciously conveyed, to propositions that could
neither be denied nor evaded. We cull upon
the people, then, to mark w:iat unavoidably fol
lows: In admitting that the Government is
bound to go on with a sincere and amicable ne
gotiation, the Executive admits that no irritating
declarations should be made on eitherside; that
no inflammatory language of a partv press, fit
only to kindle up popular passions adverse to a
right and sate determination of this matter,
sh iuld be encourag d while it is under treaty,
and, of course, that the imputations which the
government press hurls, in its last paragraoh, at
all who dare tospeak, in their function ofcoun
-el lor the j(ountry, the honest Voice of free citi
zens on a great public question, are not merely .
gratuitous, bih highly unbecoming. What sort
ol an Adminisiration must that be, and how safe
its designs, that would, wii'h siirb' cross debtiri- ' “
malums, silence nil expression of opinion ? We
do not understand, and no man ol sense will re
spect, thi-claim to the exclusive possession, by
the Executive and its organs, o' all patriotism—
this fulminatlon by authority againstthe citizen
or the press that ventures not to be of the Presi
dent’s opinion.
As to Texas, we beg leave to remind the Ad
-Aninistraiion that when its organ stigmatizes our
opposition on that matter, it stigmatizes that
large majority ol the whole number of the Balti
more DemocrnticConvention who, by their vote
for Mr. Van Buren, ratified opinions asto Tex
as directly opposite to those ofthe President, and
entirely like our own.
But we must cease our “homily:” for it ap
pears that our article of a column and a halt Is
of a most tedious length; while the collective
articles of the “Union,” of at least five times
the extent, are obnoxious to no such blame.
We should like to know where the government
paper finds the rule by which, after itself spin
ning out seven mortal columns, on the very
same subject, it would restrict us to little more
than one.
We had flattered ourselves that the candid
snirit in which our remarks were penned—their
freedom Irom any imputation ol blame to the
Administration—would have at least secured
for them exemption from official rebuke. In
this we find wc were mistaken. The alacrity
ot the new official editor should at least find
favor with his patrons. He sits in ward, with
lance in rest, and, eager to signalize his zeal,
will not let the most peacelul pass without tast
ing its point. Well, if we are thus stopped on
the highway, and diagged into ihe arena where
crowns are to be cracked, we must even ex
change our ridingwhip for a quarter-staff, and
do battle with the new (though not very cour
teous) knight as best we may.
The substance ot the above official article,
however, is so gratifying to us, as being calcu- ,
lated lo quiet the apprehensions of a large por
tion ol the public, and quell the mischievous
propensities ol another portion, that we are in
no liumorat present to quarrel much with the
ungracious terms in which it is couched.
A new process of Tanning.—A respectable
gentleman of Ohio a few days since described
to us a new method of tanning leather, for which
he has taken out a patent here, and is now on
his way to England to obtain a patent there also.
As this new system is represented by practical
men to possess many advantages over the pro
cess at present in use, it is worthy of public no
tice.
The invention consists in prrlorating the hide
or skin to be tanned. This is done (after the
skin is cleaned and ready to be put in the tan
o< z-) with fine steel points—as, for instance, a
fine article ot cotton card combs, numbering
from fifteen to eighteen teeth to the inch. These
combs are placed side by side, and screwed
firmlv together, in a kind of iron box, with a
har.dle on the top, which is struck with a mallet,
on the grain side of some and the flesh side of
other kinds of leather, sufficiently hard to send
them through. This operation is performed
when the skin is in the roost relaxed and flexible
state, so that the fibres yield readily tothe points,
as sc ircely any traces are observable after the
leather is tanned, further than upon the grain or
epidermis.
The advantages of this over the old mode of
tanning are, thai it greatly tacililaies the process,
makes a Heuer leather, and saves bark and fix
ur' s. In this way call skins can be tanned in
from ten to twrniy days, in cold white-oak oize,
« bile by the old process the time required does
not average less than tour months. This is a
desideratum, in supplying a means by which
the lannin can be infused throughout the hide or
skin in the shortest possible time alter it is pre
pared and put into the ooze, a strong objection
to the old method being that the frequent tanning
and re-tanning of ihe two surfaces, in order to
tan the interior or bodyot the skin, is a positive,
injury to the leather, as it makes it harsh and
brittle, and more liable to br-ak. This objection
is obviated by the new process, which exposea a
much larger surface lo the immediate action of
the tanning, which is ab-orbed so readily
that the ooze m ist necessarily be renewed or
strengthened more frequently, whereby it never
beco mes sour. As respects the saving in fix
tures, it is stated that as much leather can be
tanned in five vats by this process as can be
tanned in fifteen tinderthe old system.— Nat Int.
I'ire: Course of Life.—The course of Life
is like the child’s game—' here we go round by
:!i rule ol contrary” -andyouth, above all oth
ers, i-the season ot united opposites, withall
us tre’hness and buoyancy. At no period of our
existence is depression of the spirits more com
mon or more painful As we advance in lifeour
duties become defined, we act more trom neces
sity and less from impulse ; custom takes the
place of energy, and f-elings, no longer powcrtul-
Ivexciled, are proportionably quiet in reaction.
But youth, balancing itsell upon hope,is for ever
in extremes ; its expectations are continually
aroused only to be baffled ; and disappointment,
like a summer shower, is violent in proportion
to its brevity