Newspaper Page Text
Wtrkin & Scntind.
OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CHRONICLE* SENTINEL
IB PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLV, AND WEEKLY
BYJ.W.&W. S.JONES
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for $5.
Ten subscribers, one year, forß2o 00
Tri- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for t he
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance w hen the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
MORNING, MAY 23
The New Postage Law.
As the lime (the Ist <f July) is near at hand,
when the new Postage law, in which every man
is more or less interested, goes into operation,
we have transferred to oor columns to-day an
abstract of the instructions issued by the Post
master General.
Oregon Nbuotiation The Baltimore Ame
rican says: The “ Union" seems to discounte
nance the idea that any special minister will be
sent to England to negotiate on the Oregon
question. In allusion to a remark of the
Caarleston Mercury, which we quoted the other
day, it declares itself quite willing to leave the
trouble and honor of the negotiation to Mr. Bu
chanan.and adds:—“ We presume that the ne
gotiation is really resumed, and will be prosecu
ted in this city, and not in London, to some defi
nite conclusion—peaceably, we should hope; but
we wish for no peace but an honorable peace.''
In another paragraph the Union refers to the
suggestion which has been made of leaving the
decision of the question to arbitration, and says:
“ We understand that Mr. Calhoun declined
this proposition when made by the British min
ister—and declined it, it is said, upon grounds
of the strongest character. We are content to ,
wail for the publication of that document, with
the general remark, that it is seldom, if ever,
that the umpirage of a third power has been able
to settle satisfactorily, the controversy between
two States in relation to disputed territ iry.”
The rejection of arbitration will take away
one of the alternative modes of settling the con
troversy amicably. No other mode of peaceful
adjustment will remain except compromise.
j Ths Mission to England.—The Columbia
(S. C.) Chronicle of Wednesday says:—A '
rumor has been prevalent at the North, that Mr.
Calhoun had recently’ been solicited to accept ■
of the Mission to England. It probably origi- j
Dated from the fact that an express had been (
sent from Washington to Charleston for the •
purpose of again pressing the acceptance ol (
that post upon Mr. Elmore, alter Mr. Pickens’
refusal. The Washington Union (official) ex
plicitly contradicts the rumor of its offer to 1
Mr. Calhoun. \
Mr. Elmore, we believe, has again declined it. .
Tub Bridge Case.—The Savannah Republi- j
can of Wednesday says:—We are informed
that that long standing controversy, between
Henry Shultz, Esq. and others, and the Bank
of the Slate of Georgia and others, has been re-
instated in the sixth Circuit Court ofthe United
States, in conformity with a decree of ihe Su
. prerne Court made in the case some years since.
The amount claimed in the bill at the rate of6
«rer ct. i« #5! 95,000, andare uhrlersiand .ihjtjhe
Marshal on Monday last,, served rhe parties at
thisplacewith aSubpoena writ, anti left the same
evening for Augusta, to serve the parties at that
place also The preliminary points of the case
may be argued in July next.
This case has already been twenty-three years
under litigation. The parties have thus tar
manifested “the gift of continuance” in no or
dinary degree, and we should not be surprised if
the next generation were destined to “bear a
band” tn it* final adjustment.
Clerical DauNUtriNT. The Rev. Edward
E. Covll, who was deposed some time ago for
ceriain improprieties with female members of his
flock, and who has nevertheless presided since
then over another congregation in the same city,
Philadelphia, was on Wednesday night again de
posed by a second council; and he has now no
connection with the regular ministry of the Bap
tist church.
Religions Statistics.—From the Reports
of lhe leading benevolent societies, whose anni
versaries have been recently held in New York,
it appears that all of them have very conside
rably advanced during the past year. The fol
lowing are the receipts of some of them:
Presbyterian Board Foreign Missions.#B2,672
Foreign Evangelical Societylß 744
American Tract Societyls2 376
■»« American Home Mission Societyl2l 946
American Bible 50ciety166,652
American Board of Foreign Missions
during the last nine months, about
- 185,000; so that if the contributions
continue in the same ratio the next
three months, they will, kr’the year
amount t 0246 666
Baptist Board of Foreign Missions.... 82,276
TV One thousand seven hundred and twenty
two emigrants have arrived at Boston since the
10th of April last.
The Small-Pox is still prevailing te some
extent in New York city, and visiters are ad
vised not to go there, unless they have been
vaccinated.
~”~T*Fie'<?enerej , fes€nIbly 1 bly ofthe Presbyterian
Church met in Cincinnati on Thursday, and
was opened with a sermon by lhe Rev. Dr. J un
kin. Moderator. The attendance was full.
The first day’s session was consumed in the
regular organization of the body.
The fare from New York to Boston by the
Long Island Railroad is reduced from $1 to
#3 50—distance 240 miles.
Yankee Notions going to England.—The
Journal of Commerce says: The Yorkshire
takes out 2147 sides and 34 buadies leather,
which Is now admitted in the ports of Great
Britain, duty free. Almost every packet since
the news ol Str Robert Peel’s revision ot the
tariff, has had small invoices of leather, and one
or two of the first lots have now been heard
from, and brought such profits as to induce
much larger shipments. The Yorkshire is
freighted with a variety of Yankee notions, and
among them, as companions for the leather, we
suppose, are ten casks of shoe pegs.
The Baltimore Patriot of Monday afternoon,
says:—We have to record the demise of another
vjßerable citizen o( Baltimore. This mornifig,
H>chard Caton, Esq., departed this life after a
at the advanced age of 83 years.
! ive i f Lancashire, England,
has L.eu a resident oi Baltimore tor the
last sixty-two years. He married the eldest
•" slaughter ol the late Charles Carroll ot Caroilton,
and is the father of the Marchioness of Welles
ly. Mr. C. has long had the management of
large landed estates; possessed a highly enter
prising spirit, and was distinguished as an ac
complished gentleman of the old school.
Decline or Cities.—While tiavellers abroad
. lament over the declining glories of Amster-
L dam and Venice, they forget that we have
■ parallels on a smaller scale at home. The
little port of Perth Amboy was once a rival of
New York. Newp>rt. seventy years ago, was
the next sea port of the East. Alexandria, in
the District oi Columbia, at one lime transact
ed more business than Baltimore. Jamestown,
once so important a place, is now in ruins; and
the spot on which Roanoke was built is not
even known. “So runs the world away.”
New Post Office Law.
r The Post Master General, Cave Johnson,
Esq. has issued a Circular of Regulations, “to
exhibit and enfotce the provisions of the Act ol
I Congress of March 31, 1845, entitled An Actio
I reduce the rates of Postage," &e. We annex
such portionsol the Regulations as are of interest
to the general reader.
1. Postage.
521. On and after July 1, 1815, on a lettrf
not exceeding half an ounce in weight, sent vny
distance not exceeding three hundred miles,five
cents.
522 When sent any distance over three hun
dred miles, ten cents.
523. For every additional weight of hall an
ounce, or any fractional excess of less than
half an ounce, there shall be chatged an addi
tional postage of five or ten cents, according to
the distance. A balance is furnished to each
office, tor the purpose of enabling postmasters
to ascertain the weight of letters and packets.
524. On letters dropped in the po-t office for
denvery in the same place, two cents each.
525. On letters advertised a« remaining ou
hand, there shall be charged, when delivered
oct, besides the regular postage, the cost of ad
vertising, which will be on each letter two cents,
or lour cents if advertised in two papers.
526. What is subj ;ct to letter postage is de
fined to be letters in manuscript, or paper ofanv
kind conveyed in the mail, by or upon which
information shall be asked for orcommunicated
in writing, or by marks or signs.
527. On all circulars, band bills, or advertise
ments, which are printed or lithographed on
quarto post or single cap neper, or paper not
larger than single cap, and which are folded
anddirected, but left unsealed, two cents on each
sheet, for any distance. When sealed, these are
to be rated as letters.
528. “ Quarto post” is the size usually called
letter paper, say about ten to eight inches to
the page; "single cap” is the size commonly
called writing paper, say thirteen by eight inches
to the page.
529. Where the circulai is on a sheet larger
than single cap, it is to be rated as a pamphlet.
As the postage on these articles is chargeable
on each copy, postmasters will carefully ex
amine all packets, and rate the postage accord
ingly.
530. Ou all pamphlets, magazines, periodi
cals, and every other kind and description of
printed or oilier matter, (except newspapers,
and except, also, circulars, handbills, and ad
vertisements, as aforesaid,) which shall be un
connected with any manuscript communication
whatever, two and a half cents for every copy
of no greater weight than one ounce, for any
distance. For every additional ounce, one
cent; any fractional excess exceeding half an
ounce, to be charged as an ounce; but any ex
cess less than half an ounce is not to be regard
ed.
531. A pamphlet is a small unbound printed
book. A magazine is a pamphlet published
periodically, in numbers, containing articles on
science, literature, politics, news, &c. &c.
532 Newspapers go free for any distance not
exceeding thirty miles from the place where
printed, when sent by the editors or publishers
thereof, if they do not exceed nineteen hundred
superficial inches in exter.t. For any distance
beyond thirty miles, within the Slate where pub
lished, one cent postage. For any distance ex
ceeding one hundred miles out ot the State
where published, one and a halt cent postage.
533 When a newspaper exceeds nineteen
hundred superficial inches, it is to be rated
with pamphlet postage.
534. A newspaper is defined tube any print
ed publication issued in numbers, and publish
ed at staled intervals of not more thana month,
conveying intelligence of passing events. It
generally consistsol a sheet, but may be com
posed of two sheets ol paper. In such case it
is chargeable with only single newspaper
postage, provided the two sheets, in the aggre
gate, do not exceed nineteen hundred square in
ches. II it exceed that superficial extent, it is
to be rated as a pamphlet.
535. An extra newspaper, a supplement to a
newspaper, when they are such bonafide, will
be rated sep ratelv, with newspiper postage.
When they are styled “ extra” or supplementary
newspapers, but are, in fact, mere advertise
ments or circulars, thev will be charged as such,
with two cents each sheet, it not more than sin-
quarto post. If ■ n a sheet larger,
then they will be charged as pamphlets.
536. When the anicle to be mailed is a cir
cular, pamphlet or newspaper, it should be so
enveloped or folded that it can be distinctly seen
at the office to be such, and also that it contain
no writing, marks, or sians, to serve lhe purpose
of written communication. Il nut done up so
as to open at lhe end it is to be charged as a let
ter, r y weight.
537. A letter mailed on or before lhe 30th
June, 1845, is to be charged wilh the rates pre
scribed by the act of 1825, and postage is to be
received and collected thereon agreeably to the
rates charged, although the letier be not deliv
ered till the Ist July, or after.
Il What may go free tn the mails.
538. All letters and packets to and from
(when the same are duly franked) the following
persons, to wit:
The President of the United States ;
The Ex-Presidents of the United States ;
The widows of the former Presidents, Madi
son and Harrison.
539. The Vice-President of the United States,
the members of Congress, the delegates from
Territories, the Secretary of the Senate, and
the Clerk ot the House of Representatives,
may tr insmit, free ol postage, any documents
primed by order ot either House of Congress.
This is without restriction, as to lhe session;
but the privilege expires with ihe official term.
They may send and receive free of postage, any
letter, newspaper, or packet, not exceeding two
ounces in weight, during the session of Con
gress, and for a period of thirty days before the
commencement, and thirty days after lhe termi
nation ot each session.
540. The Vice-President and the members of
Ci ngress and delegates ot Territories may
trank written letters from themselves during lhe
whole vear, as now authorised by the act of
March 2, 1833, viz: from sixty days before lhe
commencement ot the session of Congress to
the meeting of the nest Congress.
541. The Vice-President and members of
Congress and delegates of Territories may re
ceive letters, not exceeding two ounces in weight,
free of postage,during the recess of Congress.
This does not include lhe interval between ihe
termination of one Congress and the commence
ment of the next.
542. The two last regulations do not include
the Secretary of the Senate or Cletk ofthe
House ol Representatives. But these officers
have the right to send written letters trom them
selves free of postage duringtheirofficial terms.
543. The Governors of Slates may send free
of postage, all laws and reports, whether bound
or unbound, and all records and documents of
their respective States, which may be directed
by the legislature of the several States to be
transmitted to the executive ot other States, tlie
governor writing his name thereon, with the
designation ot his office and lhe kind of books
or documents enclosed ; lhe package to be ad
dressed to lhe governor of the Stale to which it
is ♦nt.
541. The three Assistant Postmasters Gene
ral are authorized to send, free of postage, any
letters, packages, or other matters, relating ex
clusively to their official duties on the business
ofthe Post Office Department, to be duly frank
ed bv them as on “ official business.”
545. Deputy postmasters throughout the Uni
ted States are also authorized to send all letters
and packages which it may be their duty, or
they may have occasion, to transmit to any per
son or place, which shall relate exclusively to
the business ol their respective offices, to the
business of the Post Office Depaitment. But
in every such case, the Postmastershall endorse
theieon, over his own signature, the words
post office business.”
546 Exchange newspapers, between publish
ers of newspapers, mav be sent tree.
547. Editors or publishers may send their
newspapers free of postage to any distance not
exceeding thirty miles from the place where
printed, provided the paper does not exceed nine
teen hundred superficial inches in extent.
548. No heads ot departments, or bureaus, nor
other officers of the general Government, nor
adjutant or brigadier generals of States or Terri
tories, nor any other persons whatsoever, except
tho-c above stated, aie »ntilled, under the act of
March 3, 1845, to the franking privilege.
519. The authority heietolore given to post
masters to send money tree of postage to pub
lishers of newspapers in payment of subscrip
tions being withdrawn, the following teguiation
is substituted :
Money may be left with a postmaster, tn no
instance exceeding ten dollars, for the purpose
of being to distant publishers, if said pub
lishers dWI so desire, for any newspaper or
pamphlet deliverable from hisoffice The post
master may retain one per ct. and give his re
ceipt for the balance. He is immediately to re
port the payment, with the names ot the par
ties, to the postmaster through whom said a
mount is to be paid to the publisher, and to
charge himself upon his “general aecount with
'he United States,” with the amount received,
deducting the one percent, under the head of
“ moneys received for subscriptions;” stating
the name of the paver, the name of the payee,
•office where pavable, amount and time when
received, and shall make a full and faithful re
turn to the General Post Office ot all such cases
nt the end of each quarter. When presented,
tie postmaster at the office where payable, is to
pny the amount in said receipt, deducting one
percent.; which receipt, alter being endorsed
by the publisher, he will forward as his vouch-
er ol payment. He will enter said amount to
his crel'l on bis “general account with thi
United States,” under the head ot “moneys
paidioi subscriptions,” giving the particulars
abive stated, and render to the General Post Of
fice a lull and faithful account of the same at
tie end of each month.
V. What may be mailed.
562. No packet which shall weigh more than
three pounds: Bound books of any size, are
not included in the term “ mailable matter,”
except books sent by governors ol States as
aforesaid.
563. Letters uncalled for, are to be advertised
in the paper of the town where the office adver
tising may be situated, having the largest circu
lation, provided it can be done at a cost not ex
ceeding two cents on each letier.
Letters are not to be advertised in more than
one paper, unless specially directed by IhePosl
master General.
VI. Contracts for catryiog the mail.
564. To he let to the lowest bidder who ten
ders sufficient guaranties for laithlul perform
ance, without other reference to the mode of
transportation than it is necessary to provide for
the due celerity, certainty and security ot such
transportation.
565. The underbidder is not to be required to
take the old contractor’s stock.
566. Railroad routes, includingjjtereon which
the service is partly on lailromlgME partly in
steamboats, are to be arranged Classes,
according to the size of the speed qrith
which they are conveyed, and the importaqpa «•!
the sei vice. ’,—
567. The rates of compensation are not to ex
ceed— ■*
On.firstclass, the rate of compensation now
allowed by law;
On second class, #IOO per mile, per annum;
On third class #SO per mile, per annum;
568 If half the service is to be performed in
the night, the rateof compensation may be in
creased 25 per cent.
569. And if the Postmaster General shall find
it necessary to send more than two mails daily,
he may pay such additional compensation as
he may think just and reasonable, having refer
ence to the service performed, and the foregoing
maximum rates of allowance.
570. If he cannot conclude contracts for con
veying the mails on the,railroads, at the above
maximum ra es, or at such portions of those
rates as he shall deem a fair and reasonable
compensation, he may separate the letter mail
from the residue, and contract for its convey
ance by horse express, or otherwise, at the great
est speed that can reasonably be obtained; and
contrat t for the conveyance ol the residue of the
mail in wagons, or otherwise, at a slower rate
ot speed.
571. He may make contracts with a railroad
company for conveying the mail, either with or
wiihottt advertising for proposals.
573. He may also, with or without an adver
tisement lor proposals, make contracts for con
veying the letter mads by express or otherwise,
and also the residue of lhe mails by wagons or
otherwise, at less speed in default of concluding
a contract for railroad conveyance.
VII. Private Expresses.
576. The establishment <f the private expres
ses lor the conveyance of any letters, packets, or
packages of letters, or other matter transmissible
in the United Stales mail, (newspapers, pamph
lets, magazine and periodicals excepted,) from
one city, town or place in the United States be
tween and trom and to which lhe United States
mail is regularly transported under authority of
the Post C Ifice Department, is prohibited.
576. So is the causing to be conveyed, or the
providing for the conveyance or transportation,
bv regular trip*, or at stated periods or intervals
as aforesaid, any letters or other matter trans
missible by mail as aforesaid, newspapers,
pamphlets, magazines, and periodicals only ex
cepted.
577. Every person offending against this pro
vision or aiding or assisting therein, or acting
as such private express, shall forfeit and pay
#l5O tor each time any letjer or letters, packet
or packages, or other matter properly transmis •
sible by mail, (except newspapers, &c.) shall,
or may be, by him, her or them, or through, his
her or their means,or instrumentality, in whole
or in part, conveyed.
579. A like fine of one hundred and fifty dol
lars is to be imposed on the owner or owners ol
any stage coach, railroad ear, steamboat, or
other vehicle or vessel, which shall, with the
knowledge ol any ofthe owners, in whole or in
part, or which shall, with the knowledgeor con
nivance of the driver, conductor, captain or other
person having charge of such stage coaeh, &e ,
convey or transport any person or persons act
ing or employed as a private express for the
conveyance of letters, packets or packages of
letters, or other mailable matter, and actually
in possession of such mailable matter.
580. This is not to prohibit the conveyance ot
letters, packets or packages of letters, or other
matter, by private hands, no compensation be
ing tendered or received therefor, in any wav,
or by special messenger, employed only for the
single particular occasion.
581. Stagecoaches, railroad cars, steamboats,
packet boats; and all other vehicles or vessels
performing regular trips at stated periods on a
post route between two or more cities, towns or
places trom one to the other of which the United
Stales mail is egu'arly conveyed under ihe au
thority of the Post Office Department, are pro
hibited trom transporting or conveying other
wise than in the mail, any letters, packets or
packages of letters, or other mailable matter
whatsoever, except such as may have relation
to some part ol the cargo ot sucli steamboat,
packet boat er other vessel, or to some article
at lhe same time conveyed by such stage, rail
road car, or other vehicle, and excepting also
newspapers, pamphlets, magazines and periodi
cals.
582 The owners, managers,servants, orcrew
of ail stage coaches, railroad cars, steamboats,
packet boats, and all other vehicles or vessels,
are also prohibited from conveying as alore
said.
583 For each offence the owners of Ihe stage
coach, railroad car, steamboat or packet boat
or other vehicle or vessel, shall forfeit and pay
one hundred dollars; and the driver, captain,
conductor, or person having charge of such
coach, &c., not being at the time the owner
•hereof, in whole or in part, shall forfeit and
pay titty dollars.
584. The person who transmits by private
express, or any other means prohibited by the
act of 3d March, 1845, any letter or letters,
packet or packages, or other mailable matter,
excepting newspapers, pamphlets, magazines,
or periodicals; or who shall place or cause to be
deposited atany appointed nlace for the purpose
of be.ng transported by such unlawful means,
any matter or thing properly transmissible by
mail,(newspapers, &e., excepted)or whoshall
deliver them tor transmission to any agent or
agents of such unlawful expresses, shall for
feit and pay for each offence fifty dollars.
585. Steamboats can carry letters under the
fifth and sixth sections of the act of 1825; pro
vided the letters are delivered to the postmaster
of the place or the authorized agent of the de
partment, such letters excepted as relate to the
cargo, li the letters are not delivered as afore
said, the owners and person having charge of
the boat shall be liable to the penalty specified
in the foregoing section, No. 583.
587. The postmaster or other agent of the de
partment, to whom letters brought by steamboat
are delivered, shall charge and collect upon
them the same rates of postage as would have
been charged had they been transmitte I by mail.
From the Pittsburg Age of Monday Morning.
Great Fire in Alleghany City.
Our sister city was visited by a most destruc
tive fire on Saturday morning the 17th instant,
which consumed lour of our large Transpoita
lion Warehouses, and a number of dwellings
and other buildings.
The fire destroyed every building between
Federal and Sandusky streets, from Lacock
street to the canal, except one or two, together
with several on the lower side of the last men
tioned street. The damage cannot be much
less than 380,000 or S 100,000.
At a quarter past midnight the watchmanat
Mr. P. Graffs transports ion warehouse disco
vered flames issuing from the rear ot Mr.
Whiteman’s machine shop, on Lacock street,
which, after giving the alarm, he endeavored to
extinguish with the buckets of water which are
always provided and convenient tor the pur
pose, but in vain—the fire extended rapidly to
the adjoining buildings, and soon all were a
mass of flame!
As most of the buildings destroyed were
frames, it was difficult to check the fire, and the
great difficulty in procuring waler, and scarcity
ot hose, (targe quantities having been destroy
ed by the great fire of ihe 40th,) contributed to
render the firedestructive.
Many of the merchants who were burnt out
on the memorable 19th ot April, sustained a
heavy loss by this fire also, as they had large
s'oeks of goods in these warehouses, just arriv
ed from the east, and not having any regular
place ot business, they kept them stored in the
forwarding houses.
Twenty.four houses were destroyed, in addi
tion to the warehouses.
Prolific Cow.—Mr. Jared Wells, of Bath,
has a cow which has given birth to seven calves
inane year—three the Ist day of April. 1844,
and four the 29th of March, 1845. Five ol
these calves are alive and growingfinely. This
cow has had nine calves and is but five years
old. The cow is small and a good milker.
The truth ot this statement is substantiated by
the testimony ot several persons tn the neigh
borhood who are knowing to the facts.— Akron
Ohio Beacon.
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 29, 1845.
SATURDAY MORNING. MAY 24.
Ma. McDuffie, we regret to learn by the fol
lowing extract hum a private letter, has been
attacked with paralysis:
Abbeville, May 22.
“f have just heard that Mr. McDuffie was
attacked suddenly, on yesterday, with paralysis,
and has lost the use of one side, and his
speech.”
Editor’s Table.—Godey’s Lady’s Book, and
Graham’s Magazine, lor June, both beautifully
embellished, as usual; No. 1 Part 111. of
Thiers’s Lile of Napoleon, and “St. Patrick’s
Eve,” by Dr. Lever, have been laid on our tahle
by Mr. Holmes. They are for sale al the
Depot.
O’ The steamboat Swallow has been raised.
No additional bodies were found in her.
Modern Degeneracy.—No w-a days, says the
Raleigh Regisier, talents, private virtue, a ca
pacity for public trusts, and even long and faith
ful public services are no passports to ihe enjoy
ment of public honors. The time was, when
scanning the claims of a candidate for popular
favor, the only inquiry was, “JsAcAonesZ— ’she
capable—is he faithful tolhe Constitution?” Why
have these been substituted tor the degrading
questions—” Is he a Democrat—will he support
the Administration—will he adhere to the great
conservative principle, that “to the victors belong
the spoils ?”
And what is the result of this party despot
ism? Individual comfidence is destroyed, pri
vate friendships are violated—nay, the very
bonds of nature are broken asunder, in slavish
obedience to the claims of party ! Is a candi
date honest—what matters it ? Os private vir
tue and genuine patriotism? Os what avail are
such considerations? Has he been the com
panion ot our boyhood, our associate through
life, our bosom friend, our Kind benefactor?
We will have none ot him. Will he stand by
the party—rise or fall, sink or swim with the
party —sacrifice himself, his feelings, principles
and duiies to ihe party ? It he fail in the small
est ot these things, we will have none of him.
He is not of the party!
Frost.—The "Helicon,” published at Mari
etta, Ga., of the 21st inst. says: Jack Frost, on
Saturday morning last, lingered upon the fences
hereabouts until old Sol peeped in upon him
trom over the mountains. He had, however,
become, in his retirement, so lank and lean, that
his foot-prints were scarcely discernible upon
the yerbs and other green truck of the gardens.
While complaints have been made ot an ex
tensive drouth prevailing in some parts of this
and the adjoining States, we have had a fine
growing season. The cotton never looked better
at this season of the year; and the wheat crop
will be about an average one. The farmers In
this quarter have cause for thankfulness.
The "Herald," published at Lafayette, Walker
county, of the 17th rnst. says: “Last night we
were visited by a heavy frost.”
O’ Upwards of sixteen hundred steerage
passengers arrived at New York on Sunday
and Monday from Europe.
Brig Moon.—The Charleston Courier of
yesterday says:
“A letter to the agent of the brig Moon, in
forms that this vessel and the greater part of
her cargo will be a total loss. The agent ofthe
New York underwriters stopped the of
ao”ds on the beach, ant had inc whole
ped to New York in their damaged state. The
captain and crey experienced great difficulty
in reaching ’he shore, having made several in
efl ctual attempts to do so They finally suc
ceeded by one of lhe crew jumping overboard
wilh a line around his body, and being thrown
on the shore by lhe breakers.”
Daniel O’Connell.—The Freeman’s Jour
nal, which is lhe Roman Catholic organ in
New York, and is edited by Bishop Hughes,
ihus notices Daniel O’Connell and his repeated
abuse ofthe American people and their institu
tions.
Mr O’Connell is an Irish statesman, not an
American. He is a monarchist, not a republi
can. He can neither see, think, judge, act, or
•alk as a citizen of our Republic, and it is quite
unreasonable in any one loexpect that he should
do so. He sees our government and institutions
at a great distance and from under a corner ot
• hat cloud of prejudice as to every thing A
merican which pervades the political atmos
phere of Greai Britain. With Mr. O’Connell’s
views and opinions, he is to a degree unable to
understand and admire those more peculiar
features of our Republic, in which we rejoice.
He has in numerous instances, and upon sun
dry occasions, within the know edge of all
who have watched his public course, and pe
rused his published speeches and expressions,
manifested ignorance ot our government and
laws in very essential points. The last arrival
brings a strong evidence of his want of accurate
information as to the state of parties with us,
upon a point 100 as to which an American
school boy could prompt him.
At the same time, we must say that the re
cent Texas effort of that great man is, in our
humble opinion, rather unwotthy of him, not
consistent with former warm expressions ol
gratitude on his part,and are uncalled form any
view of the present relations between the
United States and Great Britain, as they ass-ct
Ireland or lhe glorious cause in which Mr.
O’Connell is so ardently engaged.
Thus it appears, says the Philadelphia North
American, that Mr. O’Connell’s old and particu
lar friends on this side ot the Atlantic are at last
getting somewhat ashamed of him. It is a pity
their eyes had not . een opened long ago. A
great deal ofbad feeling and bad conduct would
have been saved among both Americans and
Irishmen in this country. O’Connell is a
wonderlul man in some respects—but he is tar
from perfect. Doubtless he loves Ireland, but
he has no lack of love for himsell also.
Brevity.—A writer of laconics furnishes
the following rule, which we commend to wri
ters lor the press. He says: “ That writerdoes
most who gives his reader the most knowledge
and takes from him the least time. In literature,
as in finance, much paper and much poverty
may co-exist.”
Jj-When a triend once told Plato, what
scandalous stories his enemies had ptopagated
concerning him, “ I will live so,” replied the
philosopher, “that nobody shall believe them.”
Honorable Conduct.—The following com
munication appears in the Boston Mercantile
Journal It speaks volumes:
“ In the year 1814, an amiable, promising
young man was unfortunate in business in Bos
ton. It being 1 war times,’ but little encourage
ment seemed to offer here, and he soon after
left tor the South. Within a few days he has
voluntarily sent me principal and interest of a
debt made in 1814, with a letter, saying, ‘ It
gives me as much pleasure that I am able to
pay, as for you to receive it. Everything lam
worth has been earned by hard and close appli
cation since you and I met.' I find, on inquiry,
that he is now the senior partner ot one of the
most respectable auction and commission houses
in Philadelphia. Well may that city be proud
of such of her citizens. B.”
Guano.—According to the last accounts from
the Cape of Good Hope, it has been ascertained'
that anumber of Islandsin that vicinity abound
in guano, andvessels from Ichaboe were loading
at Malagas Island in Saldanha Bay, and
Paternoster Island in St Helena Bay. A
letter received at Cape Town, from Saldanha
Bay, dated Feb. 16, says:
“Everything is getting along very well on
Malagas Island; some ot the captains are qiute
delighted with the guano. The Captain of
the American ship Canton has made a pit
'wentyfeet deep, and the guano at the bottom
is so powerful that it was impossible for me to
jxigain in the pit two minutes.”
A DItRFESENCE. — It 2 o’clock P. M. Wed
nesday, stood at 83. At the
same hour Thursday, it was 43—a change ot
40 degrees.— Utica (N. Y.J Gazelle.
A Change.—The mercury stood in the ther
mometer at 8 o’clock yesterday morning, at 75
degrees. At sundown it had fallen to 40 deg.
A change of 35 deg. in about ten hours! The
weather this morning is more like winter than
I spring.— Albany Citizen, Friday.
Ij.'i ! t.Si' h.iit L i >..
Arrival of the
BRITANNIA.
Fifteen Days Later.
The sieamer Britannia, Capt. Hewett, arriv
ed at Boston at 5 o'clock on the morning of ihe
19th.
She left LiverpoM&n the 4th inst., wilh 83
passengers. Amoflgfihe number, it is said, is
the Hon. Edward This we learn from
passengers by ihe lam! Island Railroad, arriv
ed last evening.
The intelligence of much importance.
The London Timsifwnd other English papers
are still harping u;a>u ; Oregon and Texas.
The Aiiivn had not yet reached
the House of Lords, it had not passed >he
House of Commons ;W only went through a
committee, and that on the evening ol 2d inst.
There has been a slight improvement in cot
ton. w
O’Gonnell was maiti- gthe most of the con
cess ions of Peel to iw 0.:
Affaire in Swiizerlq . without change.
The monster seam JGreat Britain is com
ing over in July, •
Parliament was' -r. -fri in railway investi-
The Repeal again on the
28th ult., .and O’Cojpw'.'FSgairi p'afsed Peel’s
concessions—he looked won the measure of the
Premier in regard to 1 anking in Ireland, as
excellent. The rent week was £417.
It is rumored that thigovernment has given
orders lor the purchase i£,200() tons of coals for
Bermuda, and 2000 IcrjEhlifax, and that proba
bly these purchases win be extended to 20,000
tons.
The arrival of the Great Western was lock
ed for with some anxiety.; She left New York
on ihe 24th, after the recent of Sir Robert Peel’s
Oregon speech. ■MW-''
The Queen has beeh leased to approve of
Mr. John Anhur, asCossulat Turk’s Island
for tie United States of America.
A large number of persons from the High
lands ot Sco'land purpose effiigrating to Canada.
It was reported on the Paris Bourse, on Sat
urday week, that England nad applied to France
to join her in a protest against the annexation of
Texas to the American Union.
The Arabs who had assembled to lhe num
ber of 20,000, to attack Aden, quarrelled, as
usual, amongst themselves, had a fight, and lhe
whole force may be said to have been broken
up.
It appears from an articled the Debats, that
the French government has abandoned the pro
jected expedition against the Kabyles for lhe
present year.
Puckier Muskau has sold his estate, and with
it his title ot noblesse, to Count Edmund Has
feldt Weisweller, for #1,708,150. •
The Anti- Corn Law’ League Bazaar will
certainly surpass in magnificence and vastness
any similar display that ever took place in the
country ; it will be opened on the Bth inst.
The Lords of the Treasury have decided that
vessels carrying passengers toy North America
be relieved from the obligation of carrying a
surgeon, pending lhe decision of Parliament on
the subject.
Distressing Accident.—A very disastrous
accident occurred at Ashlon-uoder-Lyne,on the
afternoon ot the 19th ult. involving the destruc
tion ot at least fifteen lives, the serious injury
of two men, and a considerable pecuniary loss.
A branch railway has bflffl&rlly con>irufl|eil
between Ashton and Sttileyhiidge. 'lt passes
over a portion of lhe town »f Ashton, and
crosses the river Tame and a canal by a sjone
viaduct of many arches. The arches had been
recently erected but appeared ficin. On Satnr-’
day, a considerable number of* men were en
gaged on the top ot the viaduct by the river
T. me, levelling lhe line; whin, about three
o’clock, the arch over the river gave way, and
immediately alter eight others tell in, burying
the workmen in lae ruins. A digressing scene
of grief and consternation ensuecr The crowd
collected was so great that the military were
called in to aid it}e
'ctoSr. A matinee set
to work to remove the masses of rubbish. Three
men, were taken out alive, of whom two were
dreadfully injured, and one ot whom has since
died; a;.d fiheen bodies have been dug out.—
The cause of lhe disaster is not very apparent.
One surmise is, that the ground sank in conse
quence of some mine extending beneath it; tor
lhe locality is much undermined, and extensive
sinkings ot lhe surface are frequent.
Naval Force or Great Britain.—Accord
ing to lhe official return ol the Lords ot the Ad
miralty, the naval force of Great Britain con
sists of 680 shipsot war carrying from one to
one hundred and twenty guns each. Os this
number there are 125 steam vessels, constructed
on ihe most approved principles. This immense
fleet employs in the time ot peace 23,000able
bodied seamen, 2,000 stout lads, and 94 compa
nies of Royal Marines.
Prom the Lonidoii Times of April 28.
The United States and Texas*
The discussions now going on in the Repub
lic ol Texas between the American parly which
seeks to be absorbed in the Federal Union of
the American States, and the national Texan
party, which upholds the independent interests
of the new State, are matters ot the deepest in
terest not only to the annexation question of the
present day, but to the future destinies ot the
continent of North America. It Texas at once
flings away her national existence, and makes
herself subservient to the policy of tl.e United
States, it is highly improbable that any other
new State will attain to independence in the
southern regions of North America, and the
progress of the dominions ot the Cabinet ol
Washington will be as rapid as lhe decay ol
its defenceless and ungovernable southern neigh
bors.
More than twenty years have elapsed since
Mexico threw off her allegiance to Spain, and
during the whole of that period the decline of
the nation has been inconceivably great and ra
pid. The result is now pitiable. The country
is stated by a recent observer to be as defence
less as it was in the days ol Montezuma.
Another Cortez might march with a few hun
dred men upon lhe capital; and as lor the north
ern and western provinces, more especielly the
magnificent territory of California, since the
sequestration ol the missions and presidios, they
are without even the semblance of a govern
ment. The whole white population of Cali
fornia is hardlv more 'han 5000, scattered over
2000 square leagues of territory; the Mexican
administration doesnoteven communicate with
the province; and to conquer the whole of it
would not be more difficult than to lake posses
sion of a desert island. In these thinly peopled
regions the inhabitants are manifestly unable
to delend their territorial rights; and when they
have lost the protection of a great power, whose
policy is jealous of all on the
future interests of its subjeqj, they fall an easy
prey to a sort ot retail until lhe sove
reignly of the country is filettd away before an
effort has been made to challenge the assailant.
The eager, gain-seeking and roving popula
tion ofthe Western Statesofthe Union are fitted
beyond all the rest of mankind to carrv on this
kind of surreptitious warfare. They conquer
provinces as lhecuckoo steals a nest; and if
their irregular enterprises be allowed to carry
wilh them all the political consequences ot law
ful war, it is evident that at no very distant pe
riod they will have made themselves masters of
all such parts of the North American continent
as are not defended by the forces and lhe resolu
tion of Great Britain. But the conduct ot Texas
in the present emergency will determine whether
these political consequences are to be realised.
It depends on the acceptance or rejection of the
proposed measure of annexation by the people
and Government of Texas, whether every fresh
step ot the Anglo American race is to add citi
zens to the Union; or whetherthe new States
which may be formed in course of time on either
shore ot that vast continent may not uphold an
independent flag, independent interests, and an
independent policy.
When we take into consideration the position
of Texas, the decline of Mexico, and the future
condition of the unappropriated lands, rivers,
and regions lying between the coast ol Upper
California on the Pacific Ocean and the Rio
Bravo del Norte, it is impossible to doubt that
such a country ought to possess an original
character and an independent existence. Its an
nexation to lhe United States, it that measure be
consummated at the present time, would only
lead the more surely to the eventual disruption
ot that wide and imperfectly- united confederacy,
and to a struggle which would prove injurious
to the best interests of the whole continent. But
Texas independent is peculiarly qualified to in
terpose, as it were, the keystone of an arch be
tween the United Slatesand Mexico, on the one
hand, and between the maritime interests of Eu
ropean and ot American Nations on the other.
These views are so clear and evident that they
will probably have a decisive influence on the
Executive Government of Texas, provided ihe
Mexicans can be brought to recognize in a libe
ral spirit an arrangement which is the sole
guarantee ot their national existence. Nor can
we believe that this policv will be defeated by
the popular emissaries of the United States in
Texas, who are avowedly engaged in promoting
tne work of Annexation solely with reference
to the interests of their own party In the United
States, and to the cause of slavery with which
that party is identified.
The part taken by England and France in this
question—for we are happy to find that lhe most
entire concurrence prevails between the two
great powers by which Texas was first recog
nised in Europe—has been dictated by no such
selfish or exclusive objects. To them individu
ally ihe annexaiion of Texas osiers no very for
midable dangers, and her independence promises
no very certain or conspicuous advantages. But
they are actuated by a sincere desire to uphold
in America that respect tor territorial rights
which is the only sure basis ot peace; and in
maintaining the independence of Texas, they
may hope to establish an important element in
the distribution of power over North America.
There as well as in Europe, an universal do
minion is impracticable.
It, however, the annexation party besuccess
lul, and lhe patriotic intentions of the President
are defeated by the foreign party in the common
wealth of Texas, that only opens the door to
fresh difficulties of the most serious character.
The claim of the United States to Texas is a
claim studiously undefined, and purposely ob
scure; but once admitted, it would be found to
embrace lhe distant objects of American ambi
tion, even on the shores of the Pacific. Al
ready several attempts have been made by the
ministers and officers of the United Slates to ob
tain the cession of the great harbors on the coast
of California. In 1835, Mr. Forsyth off-red to
the Mexican government five millions of dollars
for the port of San Francisco—one of the finest
naval positions in the world; and a few years
later an American commodore actually seized,
on some pretended rumor ot war with Mexico,
the town and hatoor of Monterey.
thJwwrero Cm! Amerfoa-hirer'to
the least peopled, the least productive, and the
least frequented portion of the globe—will be
come the scene of great political interests, and
will gradually be animated with the stir of na
tions and the activity of social life. The United
States are seeking to subject these future races
and slateg'to their dominion, and without an
army ar any of the ordinary instruments of con
quest, to extend their sovereignly over nations
yet unborn. The scheme lor the Annexation of*
Texas is the most decided step they have made
in this direction; but this is only the prelude to
their ulterior designs. The claim to the exclu
sive possession ofthe Oregon territory is another
indication of the same policy; it will be fol
lowed by an attack, either by force or by fraud,
on California. On all these points the same
unlimited spirit of aggrandizement pievatls.
For the protection of the British dominions in
North America ample means exist; and, indeed,
the possession of the Oregon territory by the
Hudson’s Bay Company, under the joint condi
tions of the convention of 1818, is practically
conclusive on lhe point. But in provinces in
which no European power has any direct con
cern, the only check to the rapacious encroach
ments of lhe United States will be found to con
sist in the establishment ot another energetic
and independent power to share the dominion of
North America, and such a power we still hope
Texas may become.
Switzerland.
Admonitory notes have been received by the
Federal Government from Sardina and Prussia;
but the extraordinary Diet makes no way. It
is understood that it will most likely proceed no
further, but leave the several questions to be
settled, if possible, by the Deputies in the Or
dinary Diet, which is to meet in July. The
Presse says—“We have received a private letter
from Switzerland, containing news, which we
give with reserve, although coming from a good
source. According to this letter, the check re
ceived by the Free Corps has not discouraged
the Radicals, who will not renounce the design
of destroying the Federal Compact of 1815. We
are informed that Berne, Vaud, Soleure, Argau,
and Bale-Country, entertain the project ol sep
arating themselves from the Confederation, and
constituting together a Helvetic Republic, one
and independent, ft is Believed, however, that
M. Neuhaus, the Avoyer of Berne, to whom
in great part this extreme resolution is attri
buted, will think twice before he makes any at
tempt on a compact which is guaranteed by the
great potentates, and which cannot be annulled
without the consent ol all parties.
The New Zurich Gazehc announces that a
treaty was concluded at Lucerne on the 23rd
ultimo; Between the Commissioners of the Gov
ernment of Lucerne and those of the cantons ot
Berne, Soleure, Basle Campagne, and Argau
relative to the setting at liberty the prisoners.
” THFTOHWrBTtv to J be para lor tlieir release is
stipulated at 350,0001., of which Berne is to pay
70,0001. Soleure 20,000 f., Basle Campagne
35 0001., Argau 200,000 f, and the other cantons
25,0001’. The contracting parties expect that
the Diet will pay 180.000 f, so that Lucerne
will receive in ali 500,000 f.
Our private correspondence from Berne ofthe
26 h ult. announces that the storm which
• hreatened the Government of that canton was
dissipated for the present. The authorities had
exerted themselves to produce that result. They
promised to proclaim an extensive amnesty at
the next meeting ot the Grand Council for all
those who had joined the tree corps against
Lueerne. Military precautions were likewise
taken against any popular disturbances. Berne,
inconsequence ol the strong position which it
occupies in lhe midst of lhe Confederation,
will ever be, as regards the Radical party, the
point to which ii will direct its atten’ion, and on
the result of the of its Grand
Council will depend the tranquility of the coun
try.
France.
M. Guizot was taken seriously ill on the 19th
ult., with a spasmodic attack, so violent that he
was for some lime deprived ot speech. Medi
cal aid was immediately called in, and he was
soon relieved by the prompt application of the
warm bath. Some of lhe papers make light of
the attack; but the correspondent of the London
Globe says that for some hours the statesman’s
life was in danger.
M. Guizot had obtained leave of absence for
one month, to enable him to take the repose ne
cessary for the re-est iblishment of his health.—
Count Duchaleb wouln replace him,<zd interim,
in the direction of the Foreign Department.
Spain.
Several projects of law were presented to the
Chambers on the 21st, and among others a de
mand of the Minister of the Interior to be au
thorized to negotiate a loan, the proceeds of
which should be applied to ihe construction of
roads and canals. All the advices received
from the provinces were most satisfactory.
Greece.
The Semaphore de Marseilles had received a
letier from Athens, dated the Bth, and mention
ing that the affairs of Greece continued to pre
occupy both the Divan and diplomatic body.
Chekib Effendi had lately ad Iressed a note to
the representatives ol the three protecting pow
ers, in which he set forth the complaints of
Turkey against Greece, and declared that if the
lattercontinued to menace the peace ol the neigh
boring Ottoman provinces, the Pone would
be under the necessity of adopting energetic
measures and stationing corps of observalion
along lhe Greek frontier. This note was for
warded to lhe Ministers ot England, France
and Russia, in Athens, by whom it was sub
mitted to the Hellenic Government. Coletti, it
appears, gave the ihree Ministers lhe most satis
factory explanations, which convinced them
that the apprehensions ofthe Pone were un
founded.
India.
A mail has been received from Calcutta, by
the overland route, to the Bth March. It brings
scarcely any intelligence. Sir Charles Napier’s
expedition against the robber tribes in his neigh
borhood appears to be at an end. The leader,
who stood out in his contumacy, Bejar Khan,
had “cotne in,” on the understanding that his
lite was to be spared, and that he was to have
some land beyond the Indus. The Punjaub
continued in its unsettled state; and all wasspe
culation as to the future movements ot the British
troops concentrated on its frontier. “It is, how
ever,” says lhe Bengal Hurkaru, “hardly like
ly that we shall willingly rush into a war al the
beginning ot the hot season ; and the general
impression seems to be, that lhe Sutlej trontier
is being strengthened on ihe chance ofthe Sikbs
crossing the river, and that in the next cold sea
son we shall ‘pluck the pear.’”
“ The Governor-General,” continues the same
journal, “yet remains at the Presidency, and
still lendsthe lull light ot his countenance to
lhe cause ot education and internal improve
ment. He has since our last presided at two
scholastic anniversaries, those of the Hooghly
College and lhe Calcutta Madrissa or Mahome
dan College. On each occasion he made a
speech strongly indicative of a desire for the
amelioration ot the country and ihe moral and
intellectual advancement of the people. But
it is evident that these pacific employments do
not engross his attention or divert his mind
trom the peculiar external relations ol the coun
try at the present crisis; and r-obody would be
taken by surprise were the next Calcutta Gazette
to contain a proclamation of war with the
Punjaub, or were the Governor-General next to
be heard of on his way to Perozeporr.”
Russia and Circassia.
The Journal des Debats ot Saturday last states
that lhe appointment of Count Woronzofl to lhe
office of Cummander-in-Chief of the army ofthe
province of Caucasus, who is invested with ex
traordinary powers, has restored to the army
part ot the energy which it had entirely lost.
The Russian Government appears to rely as
much on the administrative as on the military
talents of the Count. That Government en
deavored to abolish the habit which prevails
amongst the Circassians ot selling their sons
and daughters as slaves to lhe Turks, but they
were opposed; and Count Woronzoffnow pro
poses to authorize the traffic, though in a manner
which discovers the cu ning that characterizes
Russian policy in the East. Thus, (says the
Debate,) the Circassians are to enjoy lhe liberty
of selling their children to the Turks; but the
merchant must embark them toConstantinuple,
not as slaves, but as free passengers, having a
passport from the Russian authorities.
Thu result of this will be, that lhe Circassiap
slaves, when they arrive at Constantinople, may
claim the protection ot the Russian ainbassa
dor, and that in each new slave the Emperor
will find a new emissary. But when we con
sider that some ol these slaveshave reached the
highest stations in the Ottoman empire, we may
infer that Russia wishes to secure by this mea
sure a powerful element of propagandism.
Count Woronzoft had addressed a proclamation
to lhe inhabitants of Daghestan, in which he
tells them that he has been commissioned by
the Emperor to restore order and tranquility,
happiness and prosperity to the country ; that
they cannot hope to conquer those benefits by
force of arms; and that if they close their ears
to ius salutary advice—in other words, if they do
not submit—he shall be “compelled to fight
them, and shall involve the vengeance of God
on them who prefer to shed blood.”
Egypt.
The latest advices from Alexandria are to the
10th ultimo.
The Pasha had been residing at Cairo for
some weeks pasq and intended in a few days
proceeding on a visit to the lower provinces,
and thence to Alexandria tor the summer. Ibra
him Pasha, Jun., nephew of Mehemet Ali, was
to proceed to Europe in the coarse of the pre
sent month, by the Nile frigate, with the view
On the evening of the 3d it blew a terrific
gale ol wind, and much damage was done
among shipping in the harbor.
An act ot the most wanton and barbarous
character was perpetrated on a native Coptic
Christian at Damietta. This person was ac
cused of having sp«>ken slightingly of the Ma
homedan religion, and on the tact having been
made known to the populace, they collected
around him, gave him 500 lashes, paraded him
naked through the streets mounted on a imffalo,
with two dead dogs and a pig attached to his
legs and shoulders, and afterwards beat him
until he expired under the effects ot the punish
ment. The European consuls have taken it up
strongly, but the punishment inflicted on the
principals has been limltecLto a five years’ in
carceration in lhe Castleof Aboukir.
Reports from Syria stated that uifrplague had
broken out at Jerusalem, and that the number
ol deaths is 40 a dav.
The Iron Trade.
A reactioh to some extent has taken plate in
the prices .of iron sio€e the sailing ot the last
packet, and prices are generally lower. ! The
makers in Glasgow are firm at X 5 10s, and are
sold out, some ot them, till the end of lhe pre
sent year, add some sales have been effected for
delivery in 1846, at about the present price.
The make of iron in Scotland is not at all in
creased, nor can it be for a length of time, from
the difficulty of getting materials and workmen.
The price of Scotch pig iron in Liverpool is
X 5 10s per ton.
In Staffordshire, the advance which was laid
on early in April so injudici »usly, has been ta
ken off in the present week, and it is expected
the present price will be lully maintained, as
most of lhe works are well off tor orders, and
coalsand pig iron scarce. Best refined iron is
quoted £l3, hoop iron 12, sheet iron 13. In
vVales prices remain without variation, most ot
the large works being fully engaged in rails tor
some time to come. Merchant bar iron has,
however, receded in this market, and may now
be quoted at £9 )0s to £9 15s per ton, and lhe
market dull.
Liverpool Cotton Market— Report for the
ending April 25 —American short-stapled cotton is |d
per to higher this week, and we close wilh a strong
market This alteied tone from the previous dullness
has been brought about mainly by the remark of the
Prime Minister, about the “ little cloud in the West,”
so anxiously do the public wait upon the words drop
ping from high authority, and of such importance is
the most remote possibility considered of a misunder
standing between this country and the United States.
Already, money to a considerable amount is being
£iansferred from the share to the cotton market It is
vety true that, independent of other disturbing causes,
the low scale ot our currency makes an investment m
the article not a very dangerous experiment. In this
way, some of the successful share speculators are mak
ing wklutthey esteem “ a good hedge.” and aie likely
to tel their investments lie for a time, unless thei< ob
ject should be realised more promptly than it is per- i
haps reasonable to expect, l endina in the H
reciKhi. we learruthat the accounts from India are less
bad than before, and those from Manchester are better.
Altogether, we have had a great stir daring the last
few days. On Wednesday 20,000 bags were sold ; yes
terday 15,000, and to-day again it is large—making a
total for the week of 72,450 t ags. Every description is
looking np. but the advance on no kind is so marked
as in the qualities first named. 39,000 American and
100 Surat have been taken on speculation, and 600
American, 300 Pernams, 130 Surat, and 30 Madras, tor
export.
From the Circular of the United Brokers.
The commercial accounts by the overland mail were
considered to be much more favorable than those pre
viously received, and caused a revival in the Manches
ter market on Tuesday last. Here the demand, which
had been good in the early part of the week, became
very animated on Wednesday, the trade buying freely:
there was also an extensive business done by specula
tors, whoslill continue their opeiations. In prices an
advance of £d to jd per lb has been obtainea on Ame
rican, whilst all other Kinds remain without any mate
rial alteration. Speculators have taken 39.000 Ameri
can and 100 Sunt, and exporters 600 American, 300
Pernambuco, 130 Suiat, and 30 Madras. The sales of
the week amount to 72.450 bales.
Report for the week ending May 2.—Notwithstanding
thers was a fair demand in the early part of lhe week,
most descriptions of American declined jd per lb, but
on Wednesday the inquiry was very animated, and
considerable business done on speculation. Since that
day the inquiry has been more moderate, and lhe mar
ket closed at about the prices of Friday last. 38,400
American, 500 Pernambuco, and 700 Surat have been
taken on speculation, and 650 American and 250 Per
nambuco for export; and 4400 American, 200 Brazil,
and 80 Egyptian have been forwarded into the country
unsold during the month The total sales of the week
amount to 51.22 U bales.
Report for the week ending May 2.—The prices of Cot
ton have fluctuated a little during the week, but we
teiminate with our scale of quotations as before. Up
to Wednesday morning we were quiet, and rather lost
ground, but in the course of lhe day a sweeping de
mand showed itself, 15.000 bags changed hands, a large
portion, perhaps one-half, being on speculation, and
we gained in price what we had previously lost on
Tuesday. Since that day we have gone on with a mo
derate demand, steadily supporting our previous rates.
The cause of the movement on Wednesday is not easi
ly accounted for. We are not aware of any additional
inducement to bring in lhe speculator beyond that still
existing, namely, the moderate scale of our currency :
perhaps some part of the speculation was founded up
on that general principle of low prices, and intended
to lie over waiting events. This morning we have la
ter advices from the United States, from which we
learn that receipts at the ports, as compared with the
same time in 1843, were only about 4001)bales less than
were receivedjin lhat great crop year 28.-500. American,
500 Pernam. and 700 «Surat, have been taken on specu
lation, and 600 American and 250 Burnt for export.
The total sales of lhe week amount to 51,226 bales.
Report for May'3.— We have had a more quiet day
than usual, though Saturday is almost a half-holliday
with mercantile firms; the sales have been 3000 bags ;
there is no change in prices, but buyers have a larger
choice of samples than before.
Havre, April 30.
Cotton— During the whole of the past week conside
rable spirit has been the predominating feature in oar
market; dealers from the trade as well as speculators
have come boldly forward,and have not restricted their
operations to the Cottons in port; several cargoes to
arrive having also been sold, in which, however, lhe
latter have no doubt taken the principal share 'l he
demand has been directed chiefly to Mobiles, in the
grades from 60f to 61 f 50, and from the animated cha
ractemf the buying it is more than probable that the
transactions would have been to a greater extent, had
holders evinced less tenacity in then pretensions.
Sour Springs.—A correspondent of lhe Ni
agara Courier says several springs have re
cently been discovered, about two miles from
Alabama Center, Genesee county, N. Y., the
waters of which are acidulous to the degree of
ordinary lemonade. The account given of
their discovery is rather curious. The writer
says:
Ever since the first settlement of the country
a small circular mound, about four rods in di
ameter, had been welt known by hunters and
trappers as the resort of bears, and a great many
had been trapped upon the mound. It is situa
ted in low black-ash land, n;ar the O ik Oichar l
Creek, and is raised about four feet above the
surrounding land. The mound had been a
fruitful source of speculation as to the cause of
its formation ; some supposed it to be the work
ofthe Indians; others supposed it might con
tain treasure. Il was perfectly dry and no ap
pearance ot any water in it. About two
years ago some ot the inhabitants had a curios
ity to dig into the centre of it, and as er peue
irating some three feetthe watergushed up, and
has remained ever since. The general opinion
now is, that this large mound has been thrown
up by the action of the water in the spring.
Since the main siring was discovered several
others have been found in the vicinity in small
er tnounds, besides a gas and a white sulphur
spring. The waters are unon the whole palata
ble, and particularly the one which has recently
been discovered. Prot. Hadley, of Geneva
College, has made a slight analysis of the wa
ter and found it to contain free sulphuric acid,
it also contains sulphur and probably iron, com
bined wilh many other properties.
The waters are said to be used wilh great
success bv dyspeptics and tor affections of the
skin; indeed it has been known to cure salt
rheutnof longstanding, by only washing in the
water a iewtimes ; it is also said to cure inflam
ed sore eyes In short, il they possess halt the
curative properties which are attributed to them
by persons residing in the neighborhood, they
are invaluable.
Life and Death —The population of the
earth is estimated nt one thousand millions, and
a generation lasts thirty-three years. There
fore, in 33 years 1,000,090,000 must all die!—
Consequently, the number of deaths will be,
by approximation: Each year, 30,000,000; each
day, 82,101; each hour, 3,241; each minute, 57;
each second nearly I. It, on the other hand, as
has been calculated, the number ot births is to
that of deaths as 12 to 10, there will be born in
each year, 36,000,000; each dav, 98,896; each
hour, 4,098; each minute, 68; each second,
over I.
MONDAY MORNING, MAY 26.
Cotton.—Our market on Saturday was quite
excited by the late foreign news, and sales to a
considerable extent were made at an advance
of | to J cent on previous prices and the market
closed very firm.
Tex.s —The Washington Union, speaking
of the recent intelligence from Texas, says: “It
is now reduced to the certainty of a fixed tact,
that Texas will accept the terms of annexation
proposed in the resolutions of lhe American
Congress.”
The N. Y. Commercial Advertiser of Mon
day afternoon says—lt is rumored that another
experiment is to be tried by the new adminis
tration, in regard to the system ot keeping the
public moneys in this city; that the number of
deposite banks is to be reduced, and those insti
tutions which are retained as such will be re
quired to furnish certain security, and conform
to certain regulations in regard to the amount ol
pecie on hand, so as to keep it equal at all
times to the amount of notes in
F.wtqw and
these crack horses, which is iq-t ■ ”
the 30th inst., over the Camd'Si
an event in lhe sporting circfedjßHpftl suMb
as much interest as the one last iveek,
as it is believed that in every rdspCSt it will toe
more favorable to'Fashion, and tier backef|are
still sanguine of her success. The proprietor
ol the course is making extensive preparations
for the occasion.
TROTTtNtFStawH.—AmerictM won the purse
of #4oo,three mne-ljqats, in harness, over lhe
Union course, at New York, onlhe 19th inst.,
in two straight heats, winning the last heat by.
only abodithi length from Lady Suffolk, Colum
bus being distanced. Time, first heat, 8:00;
second heat, 8:05 There was a t*ery good at
tendance to witness the sport. J
The shipments of specie from New York 4»
Europe during the present month amount to
#70.000.
The loathsome disease, pox, is
spreading in the city of New Yo»W The Board
ot Health has employed for each M a physi
cian to attend the sick and vacdMte alt- who
desire it. Th? true safeguardSgaiost the
disease is vaccination.
Three whale ships ariivejS tew days
since at Nantucket from the Pacifi®cean with
cargoes of oil and whalebone, tw| aggregate
value of which was two hundred al|»x thou
sand dollars. WV*'
The Liberation Meeting at PrlWidence,
A large meeting assembled at Providence on
Thursday for the purpose of exposing the
sense of the party upon the question <i;lbe liber
ation ol Mr. Dorr. Speeches were'made by
several gentlemen, and resolutions passed
denouncing and abusing the law and ostler party.
These were followed up with resolutSSnsto pe
tition the new Governor of Rhode Island local!
an extra session ot the Legislature in order to
procure Dorr’s release. Also with a proposition
to hold a general jubilee for the Dorr,
which, however, is not to be held utfless the
officers of the State Central Committee Seem it
advisable.
JsrThe Columbus Enquirer of WAiesday
last ettmes to us shrouded tn tiiourniiflJpoW ffie
occasion of the death of Dr. Ector, late a pro
prietor and one of the Editors of that paper.—
His obituary is recorded in the following words:
“ He has gone and has left upon earth no belter
man.”
Destruction of a Village bt Fire. —We
learn, says the Pittsburgh Chronicle, that a fire
broke out in the small village of Paris, in Wash
ington county, Pa., on Friday morning last, and
destroyed seventeen oreighteen houses, including
several dwelling houses, stores, blacksmith
shops, &c. &c. The village contained about
twenty houses, three only of which escaped the
devouring element. We did not learn how it
originated, or any ofthe particulars.
The Commander of the “Spitfire.”—The
grand jury of the U. S. Circuit Court of Mas
sachusetts on Saturday morning returned a bill
of indictment against Capt. Peter Flowery, ot
the schooner Spitfire, for piracy in being en
gaged in the slave trade on the coast of Africa;
but they found no bill against the crew of the
vessel.
The Monroe Rail Hoad to be Sold.
The Macon Messenger ot the 22<l inst. says:
A special decree has been made by the Jury,
with the written consent of parties, and without
any interposition or instruction from the Court,
(Judge Cole,) that lhe Monroe Rail Road, and
all the propeity, equipments and effects there
with connected, with all its rights, privileges
and franchises, be sold at public sale, at the
Court House in Bibb county, on the first Tues
day in August next. Fivecommissioners, viz.
David C. Campbell, A. P. Powers, James A.
Nisbet, Samuel B Hunter, and Thomas Harde
man, were appointed commissioners to super
intend the sale, receive the proceeds, and depo
site them in the Agency ot the Mechanics’
Bank of Augusta, in Macon. It was also pro.
vided that the creditors should be publicly noti
fied to file their claims in the Clerk’s office by
the first Monday in October next. It was fur
therdecreed that the purchasers of said Road
should succeed to all the obligations of the com
pany, in respect to the completing, equipping,
and keeping the said Road in operation, but
that these obligations should not extend to a li
ability of debts contracted prior to said sale;
that after said sale, the entire Road, slock, Ac.,
should be transferred to said purchasers. It
was lurther decreed, that in the interim until
the day of sale, the receipts of the road, under
ihe superintendence of Wm B. Parker, should
be applied to the keeping of the Road in opera
tion.
Such is an abstract of the decree made 1 y a
special jury yesterday. It is proper to sav, that
this determination ol a troublesome business,
was made by the conseni of the parties repre
sented by counsel, that there was no argument
or objection adduced, and that the whole ques
tion, without any direction from the Court, was
left to the agreementof the jury. No parties of
course to be bound, as the Court directed, not
assenting to the agreement.
Frost.—On last Saturday morning the 17th
instant, says the Dahlonaga Watchman, our
neighborhood, and as far as we have heard, the
country north of the Blue Ridge Mountains,
was visited bv a heavy frost. The damage
done to the vegetable kingdom, we are hap n y
to learn, is inconsiderable —owing doubtless to
the dryness ofthe earth.
Great Fire in Toronto. —The Buffalo Pi
lot learns from a friend that an extensive con
flagration occurred in Toronto, Canada, at
two o’clock, A. M.j the 9th inst. The fire com
menced in a store occupied by Smith & McDo
nald, extended thence to Coon's fancy store,
crossed to Kingstreet, burned up to Rigney.and
was still raging when the boat left.
Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce.
Washington, May 19th.
It is lhe opinion of the Cabinet, it is said, that
we shall know through despatches expected in
a day or two, whether Mexico will declare wat
upon the United States or not.
It she should take that course, we are already
iu some measure prepafed lor it by a squadron
in the Gulf, and another i-« the Pacific, and by
some military force on the south-west portion.
The “Mississippi” has been ordered tolhe
Gull, and »ome other ships of war are to be
added to lhe squadron.
Frost.—Quite a white front was vjsible here
on the morning of Saturday laM, the 17ih. This
is later, by 15 days, than we ever knew before,
it we recollect aright. In 1827, we had frost on
the l»t an 12d of May.— Fayetlcwille Obs.
VOL. IX.—N®. 22.
l he Examinets appointed to decide upon th«
merits ot the letter scales tor the Foal Office
Department, have given judguieni ih-lfovor of
the scales offered by Messrs. Holland & Davis,
<-f Boston. This scale is not 01. new bmmMn, <
but was used by the ancient Romans. It in the
common steel yard, fixed upon at platform. The
advantage ot it is that it comblMssensitiv»neas
with celerity ol operation. The larger office'l l
are to b« supplied with these scales at 31,50
each; the smaller offices are to be supplied ta
some cheaper mode. Balbimcre Anuricmi.
A Washtnipoo correspondent ol ihe N. Y.
Herald writes—
A Mt c.-ienmn, a brother to the invanur «
the AJolian attachment to the piano, has brought
on here anptber inventtoft wnich ? pr»«bfe#fi: IM
greatest results. He is exhibiting at the Patent
Oftice the working model of a train of cars upon
a railroad up hill and down hill, regaivllee* erf
t - te<- of inclination from the burizoc.---
Briefly, on reaching a hill, -the action of the
locomotive is transferred from the propelMhg
wheels on ihe outer track tea smaller set on ah
inside track, while in the centre, attached to the
locomotive, is an endless screw, which is adayttd
to work upon arranged itfoba
der presence ot being leaky, that she al’erw-arfa
sailed again, nt the same time that a Spanish
schooner, who for several days had been in the
neighborhood ofthe place also disappeared.—
The Revenue Gutter Legare, Capt. Day, tol-
Gl’elnor having al ready trensferred 100 bbl*,
flour on board the Spanish schooner. Both
vessels were brought into Key West by the Col
ter anti fined bv thcCoiletyor - tbeGleanor with
#SO, and the Spanish schooner with 8500. be
sides the usual port and other charges Chas.
The
great dearth of political news, at this time, says :
... “There seems, if we may j“dg® from the
we are very glad it is so. The whole public—
both parties—victors and vanquished—are alike,
tor the moment, tired with the strife and din of
political contest. Whilat the administration is
shaping .ts course,the Whigs will! e»-«W«f—
but will give them fair play. A few grape and
canister thrown into the citadel of eowrn, occa
sionally, will tell thos in command there, that
the people have not zffi&mderf. This la allthat
is necessary for the present.”
wtmdertb? engine has ImelyUS
constructed by Proiesnr Retnagle, who is se
curing patents in every ch ilized country ol the
earth. The power, which is sell-produced ip .
.he engine, ia. qbta.ned from condensed air,
which, though easily manageable, begrts an
immense force, the present engine, wlirch stand*
on aspace nor exceeding two feet square, having
a power equal to five hundred and sigiy eigbt
horses. For pumping water out ot min.* it
is gravely i roposed to uea 10,000 or 20,000
t.orse power in order to do the work promptly.
It is ■stated, that with the present small engine,-'
two hundred and twenty tons can be propelled
•lay, navhig nren the drawing ana ftefcra tne
New Mills in LuWell.— The new mill of
the Hamilton Corporation isi ow about to have
the root put on it. The walls are nearly com
pleted. The mill lies between two other mill*
of the same corporation, and will when com
pleted, make the third one. The new mill will
make the central part ofthe main body, and the
old mills making wings to it. The new mill
covers about the same number of square feet of
land as one ol the present mills, and will run,
we should judge, about 5000 spindles. The
workmen are now busy at work in putting in
the foundation of a similar mill on lhe Apple
ton corporation, the walls and covering to
which will probably not be completed before
late in ihe fall. One ot the new water wheels,
called the Turbine wheels, has been running in
the Appleton mills for several months, and the
results arc most satisfactory. The wheel was
originally a French invention, but great credit
is due to Uriah Boyden, Esq., civil enginee',
tor ascertaining the principle upon which pow.
er is derived from it. In its construction and
application, the nicest mathematical calcula
tion is requisite, in orderto have itoperate per
fectly. It moves horizontally and takes up but
little room, and is not affected by back water.
It moves under the water, and is all cast iron.
We understand it is the intention of the Apple
ton company, when their new mill is completed,
to make use of this wheel entirely. Great gain
will be made in the saving of room and water.
—Lowell Courier, Muy 15.
Eivm the Baltimore Sun.
Post Office Reminiscences.—On Wed
nesday, July 26, 1775, Congress resolved, “that
a Postmaster General be appointed for the
United Colonies, who shall hold his office at
Philadelphia and shall be allowed a salary of
one thousand dollars per annum, for himself;
and three hundred and forty dollars per annum
for a Secretary and Comptroller; wilh power to
appoint such and so many Deputies as to him
may seem proper and necessary.” “That a
line of posts be appointed under the direction of
ihe Posimastrr General, from Falmouih, in
New England, to Savannah, in Georgia, with
as many crossposts as he shall see fit.”
“On'inotion, Resolved, That it be recom
mended to the Postmaster General to establish
a weekly post to South Carolina.” “That
it be left io the Posimaster General to ap oint a
Secretary and Comptroller.” “ The Congress
then proceeded to the election of a Postmaster
General lor one year, and until another is ap
pointed by a tuiure Congress, when Benjamin
Franklin, Esq , was unanimously chosen.”
I’he firs* post office ledger appear* in the
handwriting of ihe illustrious siatesman and
philosopher; ihe paper is of ordinary * foolscap*
size; the book ‘ halt bound’ and contains eighty
three pages. All the postmasters’ accounts
are mape up to the sth, instant of ihe first day
ol each quarter. The post office in this city
was established in the year 1775, but who the
first postmaster was dues not ap rear on Dr.
Franklin’s Ledger—the account being opened
tn the name ot the office, and the credits given
“by each per post:’’ but from 1782 to 1789, it
was under the superintendence ol Mary K.
Goddard, postmistress. This estimable lady
was succeeded by Mr. John White, who held
his commission but a very brief period, being
superceded in August, 1790, by Mr. Alexander
Furnival. The latter gentleman retained the
postmas'ership until the year 1795, when ft was
transferred to Mr. Chas. Burrall, who had tor
many years been employed as a clerk in the
general post office department, in the year
1816, the robe* ot this now lucrative office fell
uoun Mr. John S. Skinner.
' The following shows the nett revenue from
the respective offices, al ihe periods slated.
Alexandria—Robert McCrea was one of the
first postmast rs of this port. Quarter ending
sth Oct. 1776, XB. 7s. 2d. Annapolis—Mr.
Green, P. M. For the same period, £i 35.4 d.
Albany— sth Jan. 1776, Xil. 13s 6d. Bladens
burg— Benj. Lowndes. P. M., sth Jan. 1776,
£3 Is. 10.1. Baltimore- -sth Jan. 1776, £43.
12s. 84.--sth April, 1776, £67. 14s 6d -5 h
July, 1776, £4l. 16s. 8d —sth Oct. 1776, £4O.
10s. Georgetown—Absalom Cohen, P. M., sth
Jan. 1776, £2 15s. 2d. New York-- Sebastian
Beauman, P. M., sth Oct. 1776, £54. 16s. 4d.—
Philadelphia—Robert Patton, P. M., Sih Jan.
1776, £49 Is.—sth April, 1776, £Bl. 12s. Bd—
-sth Oct. 1776, £4B 16s. 10J. Wilmington -sth
Jan. 1776, Bs. 24 sth Apl. 15s.—5th Jly, £l.
10s 104.
The following is lhe yield ot the offices from
October, 1789 to October, 1790: Baltimore (44
days less) #2 558 28; Philadel ffiia 5 515 59; N.
York 2 906 62; Boston, Jonathan Hastings was
P. M.then, 2,228; Alexandria 1,019 53; Bla
densburgh 7425; Georgetownss22; Annapolis,
Messrs. Samuel and Federick Green, both en
joyed the honors and emoluments ol this oflicß
at different periods, 332 25.
The first quarter of 1793, however, show* a
rapid increase, as appears from the following:—
Baltimore #1,434 49; Philadelphia 4,26222; N.
York 2,126 78: Boston 1,546 34
Fifty years atterwards the blue book give* the
following as the proceeds for 1843; Baltimore
#83.376 15; Philadelphia 157838 89; New
York, 337,19198; 805t0n9845631; Alexandria
6 I*4 01; Annapolis 3 850 23; Georgetown
4,575 82.
Ohio and Virginia.—Ohio has a population
ot I 800,000; Virginia has about 1,250,000 —
the former produce* 6,000,000 bushels vl wheat
more <hao me Inner—mure than twice as much
barley and one third mure ot oats.