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an& Sentinel.
MONDAY~m6rnING, SEPTEMBER 22.
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Truth well Spoken.
The Macon Messenger takes the iollowing
retrospect of the past, which is worthy the ma
ture deliberation of the voters ot Georgia. Let
it be read and reflected upon. It presents truth
in an unvarnished garb for the consideration of
the people.
Review of the Past.—lt is a very sate rule
to judge of the future from the past. Parties,
and more especially the Democratic party of
Georgia, pride themselves upon their consisten
cy, upon their strict adherence to long established
principles. Every reflecting man knows in his
heart, that the Democratic administration ot our
State affairs immediately preceding the Whig
government, was productive ot incalculable mis
chief and suffering to the people. And yet,
what assurance have we, that the very same
errors and mistakes will not be repeated, should
the Democrats again obtain the ascendancy?
Nay, we all know that the same miserable poli
cy, which under Democratic misrule was redu
cing our people to beggary, would be again
adopted. We have yet to see the first Demo
cratic press or leading politician, who has con
demned the measures of that administration,
r But AASaiv.. urn piU'Urtlfa lib
credit, and thrTruined its currency. On the
contrary, we find apologists among them, who
would endeavor to make the people believe, that
their condition was never more prosperous, and
that those days of rag-money and shin-plasters,
were the true “golden age” of our State.
Mr. McAllister, the Democratic candidate
for Governor, is the eham pion and defender ot
these measures, and boldly tells the people in a
public speech, that he approves of the measures
adopted by the Democratic legislature of 1839.
Let us briefly review the proceedings ol those
gloomy days. A mere glance at; the sickening
retrospect will suffice.
At the commencement of the session of the
Democratic legislature in 1839, the circulation
of the Central Bank was $86,932, which was
redeemable in specie. A bill was passed re
moving the restrictions imposed upon the direc
tors, and authorizing them to issue bills to the
amount ot six miliums. (There -were four Whig
Senators and five Whig Representatives only,
who voted ior this bill.) The consequence was,
that before the termination of the session, the
Bank issued one hundred thousand dollars of its
bills, and suspended specie payments. In the
interim, until the meeting of the next Legisla
ture, the Democratic direction of the Bank in
creased the circulation of this suspended Bank to
over fifteen hundred thousand dollars! This is
a bold move for a party, who are always shout
ing for a hard money currency.
In 1840, the Whigs had a majority in the Le
gislature. McDonald however, was Governor,
and the faithful exponent of Democratic princi
ples. What were then the principles of this
hard money party 1 To adopt measures for the
redemption of the Central Bank rags, and re
store the currency to a specie basis? No, no,
listen. Although the State had been under pro
test for over a year, in the city of New York,
for the sum of two hundred thousand dollars;
although §)ate bonds were not worth at the time
more than 70 dollars for one hundred dollars;
although the Central Bank had suspended spe
cie payment, and had flooded the country with
a spuriou- currency; yet the Democratic par
ly in the L gislature, upon the recommendation
of their Governor, introduced a bill authorizing ‘
the Governor to sell the bonds of the State,
(which were then ata discount of 30 per cent,)
to the amount of two millions, deposit the pro
ceeds in the Central Bank, and loan it out in
Central Bank bills to the people. This was
what was absurdly called RELIEF. The De
mocrats voted for the bill, and the Whigs against
it, and thus defeated the iniquitous measure.
The Whige did more. They passed a law com
pelling the Banks to resume specie payments.
They took away from the Directors of the Cen
tral Bank the power to issue more bills, and
they made provisions lor the redemption of the
bills then in circulation, and for the payment o[
the public debt.
In 1841, with the cry of McDonald and relief,
and down with the Whig tax, the Democrats
again came into power. One of their first acts
was to repeal the wholesome law passed by the
Whigs to arrest the issue of Central Bank bills.
Although the Bank was still in a state of sus-.
pension, and its bills at a discount of 30 to 40
per cent., they passed a bill authorizing the Bank
to flood the country with its shin-plasters for the
relief of the people. But the tax, “the odious
Whig tax” which secured them their elections ,
was not taken off. Instead of repealing the
Whigtax bill ofthe previous Legislature, which
they had succeeded in convincing the people
was the source of all their misfortunes, they i
adopted as their o wn, the very same bill. t
In 1812, the cry ot relief, relief, was more j
faintly heard. They succeeded once in hum
bugging the people, and no other party would ■
have had the audacity to repeat the experiment.
Candidates however, in the hedges, and bye- '
ways, again promised relief from taxes, and
with a terrible outcry against Dawson, tea and
coffee, the Democrats again had the majorities
in the Legislature. But were they, on this se
cond trial, any more faithful to their pledges?
Did the election of a Democratic Legislature
obtain tor the people what they had been so
long desiring— a reduction of their taxes? The
people well remember the base treachery with
which they were treated by their public servants.
Instead of relieving the people from their taxes,
the Democratic Legislature of 1842, increased
the taxes 25 per cent The Whig tax of 1840,
they had represented as an odious and oppress
ive measure, but to this very same odious tax,
the Legislature added 25 per cent. They did
more, they added insult to injury; for when they
were increasing the taxes of the people, they in
creased their own pay.
These acts of treachery and violated confi
dence were too outrageous lor even Democratic
forbearance. Retribution, although tardy, visi
ted at length the party which had promised so
much, and had done so little. The Democrats
were deprived ofthe power to do farther mis
chief. The people, who had been so often be
guiled with the promises of relief, and exemp
tion from taxes, began to wake up, and find that
they were cheated and betrayed. They threw
off the trammels and fetters ot party, and, as
freeman should do, when the attempt is made
to enthral them, they relied upon themselves for
the relief which their selfish leaders had so long
promised them. With a change of rulers this
relief was accomplished- We are not recount
ing what is not well known, we have not to re
fer to tradition for the correctness of our narra
tion. Every voter in Georgia has an experi
mental knowledge ot this facL By contrasting
the present with the past administration, he can
arrive to an enlightenedand just judgment, and
can determine whether he will have a continu
ance of our present peaceful, honorable and
prosperous condition, or prefers a recurrence of
those dark and gloomy times when general
bankruptcy and ruin were threatening us.
Alabama Cotton Cbot.—The Mobile Re
gister ot Saturday says, “We have had some
additional particulars from the interior respect
ing the crop, which we are sorry to see, con
tinues generally unfavorable. Considerable
complaint is making of too much rain in some
counties, while in others it has not rained
enough to restore vitality to the perishing plant."
New York and Erie Railroad.—The sub
scriptions to this stock now exceed *2 000 000
leaving less than $1,000,000 yet to b« taken ’
The new steamship Massachusetts, the first
of the new line of American steam vessels, in
tended fora regular trade between New York
and Liverpool, sailed from New York on Mon
day' with nine passengers. She spreads as
much canvass as an ordinary vessel of 680 tons,
and is calculated to make as good headway
under her sails alone, as any vessel afloat, and
with steam alone, can rely on 9 miles per hour.
She is the first of a line of Steam Packet Ships,
l he.fleam being only an auxiliary, and it is cal
culated she will make five complete voyages
during the year, allowing 19 to 20 days for each
/voyage.
The Greatest Speed ever made in America.
—The Long Island train reached Brooklyn
from Boston at half past 3 o’clock yesterday af
ter noon. The run was made from Greenport to
Brooklyn, 96 miles, in 2 hours and 40 minutes,
including all stops, or the runningtiine without
stops was 2 hours 29 minutes—bringing 100
passengers and making three stops.
Gin House Burnt.—The Columbus Demo
crat of the 19th insl. says:—We learn that the
Gin House of John G. Winter, Esq., was burn
ed down on Morday evening last, at his plan
tation below the city—and some 50,000 lbs.
Cotton consumed.
Nativism and Locofocoism.—The Philadel
phia Gazette says that nearly all the Native
nominations are made up of Locofocos. In
Delaware County every name on their ticket
belongs to a Loco, and Morion the Native can
didate for Canal Commissioner, is one of the
most violent radical Locos we know.
for the Chronicle and Sentinel.
i Mr. Editor:—A writer in last Thursday’s
Constitutionalist propounds certain questions
. to our candidates ior the representation of Rich
mond county in the next Legislature, and as
they are put so obviously in the spirit of dema
gogucism, it cannot be expected that either of
the candidates will notice them in the way de-
Asa mechanic, I carAiot but feel some/iite
rest in one ofthe subjects of inquiry, that is the
abolition of mechanical labor in the Penitentia
ry, and with your leave, 1 would like to inquire
how this question comes to be agitated now,
and for what purpose? It is true, that the me
chanics ot Augusta, some time since, appealed
to the Legislature for the purpose of changing
the system, and stated their objections to it;
whether those objections were valid or not, 1
do not presume to determine. It is easy to see,
however, that the Legislature could not act
otherwise than it did, fora solitary petition from
one county in the State, presented on the occur
rence of an accident during the session, could
not be taken as an expression of the will of the
people. Nearly two years have passed since
this effort was made, and I have heard nothing
which would lead me to believe that the me
chanics of Georgia have given the subject any
attention whatever; and to drag it up now on
lhe eve of an important election, looks too much
like political trickery, to inspire any hope that
the mechanics will get a fair hearing or be hon
estly represented in the canvass in this county.
There have been no mechanics’ meetings in
any of the counties that I have heard of, anil
cannot consent, lor one, that it is to be taken for
granted that the mechanics of Augusta repre
sent those of the whole State.
The use made of “ mechanics” and “poor
people” at elections, and the way in which they
are often humbugged to serve party purposes,
should, ere this, have become to them a matter
of more serious importance than it appears to
be. I dare eay some of our journeymen me
chanics will remember the crusade undertaken
against negro workmen a fewyears ago; if they
do, they cannot now be blind to the result. The
champions of the poor people and mechanics,
had an act passed preventing negroes from
undertaking work, and the sequel may be seen in
every workshop in Augusta ; it is not necessary
to ask how many while hands are at work in
them.
I would in conclusion say to my brother me
chanics, that unless they are satisfied that the
present attempt to marshall them under false
colors into the ranks of a political party, will
result in something more than an expression of
opinion, as freemen they are bound to resist
it; they may be assured that the causewhich
could not sustain itself without an appeal to the
prejudices and passions of men, is unworthy ol
support. And they certainly cannot approve
the sentiment, that as mechanics they may be so
ignorant as to be swayed by any political char
latan who may clap his hands to them and cry
with a chuckle “Hurra tny boys!”
SCANTLING.
Oregon Government —Recent letters from
Oregon, published in lhe St. Joseph’s, Me., Ga
zette, contain interesting information concern
ing the progress of the settlers in Oregon, in
providing for the comforts of life and in estab
lishing an independent government. During
the last year it is staled that the emigrants have
raised a surplus of 100,000 bushels of wheat.
A grist mill with three run ot stones has been
put in operation at the Wallamette Falls.
A letter dated March 28th, says that in con
sequence of the neglect ofthe U.S. Govern
ment, they have organized one of their own,
and that the election for Governor, which was
to be held in May, occasioned considerable ex
citement. There were three candidates for
Governor, Geo. Abernathy, Osborn Russell and
D. Bailey. What the distinctive character of
the three parties is, the letter does not stale.
The St. Louis Republican expresses the fear
that the organization ot this government will
bring about a collision between the emigrants
and the Hudson Bay Company. That Compa
ny for several years past, has had a government
organized under an act of the English Parlia
ment, under which there is a resident Justice of
the Peace at Fort Vancouver, and one at seve
ral other stations. These Justices have juris
diction over all suits and contracts not exceed
ing £2OO, and over certain offences, for which
they may inflict punishment. Suits for larger
sums, and offences of a higher grade, are re
ferred to the Superior Courts of Canada, and
in criminal cases the accused may be sent there
tor trial. The jurisdiction of these Justices ex
tends to all cases arising between members of
the Hudson Bay Company, or persons in their
employ, and to cases arising between the Com
pany and their employees, and persons not
connected with them. • As there must necessa
rily be many transactions between lhe emigrants
and the Hudson Bay Company and their em
ployees, in which disputes and difficulties will
arise, it is probable that in such cases both go
vernments will claim jurisdiction, and such
conflicting claims may lead to difficulty.— N. Y.
Cour.
Tho Pensacola Gazette thus courteously and
pleasantly salutes his new competitor lor popu
lar favor.
“ We welcome our new contemporary, lhe
Florida Democrat,’ into the field of enterprise.
This we would do lhe more heartily if that
same field were a little larger and more fruitful
than it is. Hitherto the Gazette has reaped the
harvest alone, and a somewhat meagre one it
has been. The proprietor has labored hard, has
not been at a dollar’s expense for the editorship
(such as it is) of the paper, has keptnoeqnipage
but a pony and a one-horse cart, has given no
extravagant entertainments, and is guiltless ot
all expensive habits, except, perhaps, a slight
inclination to coxcombry in the matter of dress
and personal appearance—and yet, somehow
or other, notwithstanding all this, there are
richer men than he in the community. The
labor of seven years has brought with it no
riches but a storeofthose “Cornelian jewels,”
which constitute the wealth of so many of our
respected fellow-citizens. During all this time
the Gazette has been issued with unvarying re
gularity. Now it one weekly paper can scarce
ly succeed here, how can two hope for success.
Still, we say again to our cotemporary, in all
kindness and fellowship, we wish success, not
merely on his own account, but also because
his success might justly be regarded as a high
evidence of an advance in the business and lite
rary prosperity of the place.
Election Frauds.— We learn from lhe Sus
quehanna (Pa.) Register that the Election
Board of the town of Silver Lake in that
county have been convicted in the County
Court on an indictment for knowingly receiving
illegal votes at the last Presidential election. —
It was proven on the trial that about forty votes
were received from unnaturalized foreigners
alter being challenged by the Whigs. The
Register says the evidence on lhe part of the
prosecution was very full, and unfolded facts
of a most outrageous character, and that the
Judge in his charge to the jury leaned as far as
he could to the side of the prisoners; yet the
verdict rendered without hesitation was “ that
the inspectors ot the election in Silver Lake
are guilty in manner and form charged in the
indictment.”— Nat, lot.
Lar C. M. Clay has notified his agents in
New York that the publication of his paper
will shortly be resumed ; whether in Kentucky
or Cincinnati remains to be seen.
Manufactures in the South.
n- The interest which the letters of a “ Southern
tic er" to the Richmond Whig, has excited at the
n- South, has induced us to present another for lhe
>s consideration of our readers, which we shall
s , follow up by' others as ourspace will admit.
iy
; Jersey City, N. J., August 11th, 1845.
To the Editors of the Whig:
r - Gentlemen— 1 am now again in gallant little
s, New Jersey. This is a noble little Star in our
I. Federal galaxy. What a glorious Union
we would have were all the States like this? The
s population of Jersey City and suburbs is about
h seven thousand and daily on the increase.—
Capitalists are settling here from all parts of
the North, and not a few from Europe. Several
i. factories are now putting up, and the evident
n tendency of things, and the marked degree of
public spirit, which her intelligent and enter
prizing population manifest, indicate that this
o little city, now quietly seated on the banks of
. the Hudson, is destined, at no very remote time,
’ to hold a place of great importance among the
1 cities of this Union. Have you not patriotism
9 enough to wish it prosperity, although you live
in Virginia ? Yes, I know you have.
The first factory through which I passed, was
. the Jersey City Iron Foundery ot Mr. C. Ka
nouse. This is a very large establishment, and
5 like every other concern that I have visited, they
- are "oppressing" us by manufacturing work for
. Virginia and tire South, that we have the capa
city for doing overselves. But then you know
we can not abuse them. The order, energy
and workmanship which prevail here, do credit
to the proprietor and all concerned. Mr. K.
was once an apprentice boy and a hard-work
: ing man—but has risen by industry to be rich
i and influential, and by bis enterprise is now
. supporting hundreds ot laboring menandbene
fitting the farmer. About eighty hands are em
ployed here, and allowing four in lhe family of
each workman, will make three hundred and
twenty who draw their support from this fac
tory alone. Suppose there were ten of such
factories among us, —why they alone would
make up a town ot 3,200, and this is the way
that towns are built up here, and their popula
tion increased. And suppose each one of
these persons were to buy from the farmers for
provisions at the rate of 32 cents each per week,
which is little enough—why the amount would
be $102,40 alone for provisions. Here is the
reason ot lhe existence of so many towns and
why the farmers here are protective men. Ten
such factories would reqnire the capiialof about
8350,000. Besides this capital -
lhe 3,200 men, there
the merchants and professional their
families of say 125 in all—with a capital of
say 880,000, and the other smaller mechanical'
branches, say in all with tiftir families 100,
who would be necessary to carry on the busi
ness ot the first ten, with their capita), of say
SIO,OOO, matting a population in all of 3,445, 1
and a capital of $440,000. Besides this the
Church would go there to gather its flock, and
the schoolmaster, and there would be a necessa- 1
ry increase of farmers, and the land around
would rise from $1 or $2 per acre, to say S2O. 1
Would not this add to the increase of the popu- 1
lation and the wealth of the State. This is the 1
way towns rise here. Suppose some of your en- I
terprising men go five or ten miles above or 1
below Richmond and buy up a farm, now de- 1
serted, and form a Company of this kind and I
come north and get ten men who are engaged in 1
business the most suitable to us, and give them '
a partial interest in the business they are com- t
pelent to undertake, with a number ot mechanics t
necessary to perform the mostdifficult branches,
and out of the rest apprentice a number of the 1
poor male and female children who are now t
rising up io ignorance and vice, and make up I
the balance with the colore i laborers. This, i
while it would be a lucrative, would at the same
time be a patriotic and humane movement.— 1
This great, but very easy and practical mea- c
sure, would lead to others, and put the energies c
of the State in motion. This very enterprise
likewise would throw three thousand persons I
in one year into Richmond, and in three years i
there would be a Railroad connecting it with
the capita), opening another field ior enterprize, s
This has been done here often and we can do it. ~c
Let some of your enterprizing men get together
and start this new move and it will make them e
rich and benefit the poor. i
The next establishment I visited was the t
New Jersey Pottery Factory, built by a Com- v
pany. It is the only one in the United States.
Some ofthe work is almost as pure and asclean
as china-ware. It is made from the white clay,
thousands of which exists in Virginia. 1 learn
ed from Mr. Strong, the President ot the Com
pany, and whom I found to be a very intelli
gent gentleman, that the duty of 20 per cent,
under the compromise, was not sufficient to se
cure them from loss; and that the dnty of 30
per cent, under the present Tariff, is barely
enough. The difficulty lies here. There
being but lhe one in this country, the earthen
ware manufacturers of Europe, are more able,
from the absence of competition, which the nu
merous other factories of this country, array
against their’s, to force goods into the American
markets through their agents, and by selling
them at various prices, cripple the sale of the
wares. The ware manufactured here, is said
to be much better than that imported from
abroad, because the American materials are
superior. I regret that 1 have not now the state
ment which Mr. Strong prepared for me, and
which would have been interesting to some of
vonr readers, as it points out jew tonon-
terprise in the South. However, 1 shall get
it again, and present it in a future communi.
cation.
The last factory that I shall mention any
thing about, is the New Jersey Glass Factory
ot Messrs. P. C. Dunrner & Co. The Senior
partner of this factory, Hon. P. C. Dimmer, is
the Mayor of this thriving city, is a man of
intelligence and enterprise, and is well known
to many of your citizens, and those of the Cock
ade Town, where he once lived. After nassing
through bis magnificent establishment, he took
me to his house, where we drank each a cool
glass of spring water, to lhe health of Henry
Clay and the whole Union. 1 was so interested
and carried away by his suavity, and the in
telligence he gave me, that I stuck a valuable
book of his under my arm, and got nearly to
the ferry, two hundred yards off, before I knew
it. Os course I was not imprisoned, for I
charged him with enchanting me into the little
peccadillo, and he pardoned me like a good
Chief Magistrate would, instanter. Jersey
City may well be proud of her Mayor.
He tells me, that previous to the Tariff of
1842, the Glass Factories were all depressed
from lhe low duties ofthe compromise, and the
flood ot importation from abroad. Such was
the straightened condition of lhe trade, that all
the lactories had to dismiss some of their hands,
and many had to close their business altogether,
and give place to the German, French, and
British manufacturers. Some have been abKt
to commence again—but others have not,
and some are probably so involved, as to ce
ever hereafter precluded from it. Many of
these hands went to England, France and Ger
many, where they are now at work, and where,
by their superior skill, they have driven their
own workmen out of employment. This is a
kind of emigration that is not by any means de
sirable. Some have gone as sailors on a
whaling voyage, and some have gone to a
drunkard’s grave. Out ot four hundred, who
were employed in factories within the neighbor
hood of this city, only one hundred can now be
found.
The moment the Tariff of 1812 was in force,
that moment did business revive. Enterprise
and industry received a new stimulus, and con
fidence was re-established. The effect has been
to cheapen goods, and to make wages more cer
tain. A better slate ot morals prevails and a
higher sense of self respect has been created.
Almost every article in the shape of flint glass
ware is manufactured here. The wrorkmen
turn out about $3,000 worth of ware for sale,
every week. I have been in a great number ol
such establishments before, but have never seen
one so perfect and where the glass was so clear
and beautiful. This factory in its many ne
partments, employs one hundred and fifty hands,
and who with their families, make up seven
hundred, who are dependent for support upon
the existence of this concern alone. About
S3OOO is paid by these hands to the farmers for
provisions. The agriculturists are all Tariff
men, and I must say, show their good sense.
The coal and manganese used to carry on these
works is brought from Virginia, sand from New
Jersey and tead from Missouri. The Question
may here naturally arise, with all these facili
ties within ourselves, why we have not under
taken the manufacture 01 flint ware. Besides
this, we have as fine sand as the wot Id can pro
duce, for the manufacture cf window glass and
hollow ware. Let some ol our men take this
matter under review and consider it well and
see if we can’t do things as well as some others.
Perhaps a smaller sum would be necessary,
to establish an enterprise like the one mention
ed above. But to have the enterprise well en
dowed, an ample capital ought to be made up,
(not to build palaces and gardens, in time should
this be practicable, it might be done,) but cap’
ital is necessary to make the enterprise perma
nent and successful. Should it succeed (and I
cannot see why it should not, for it is nothing
more than has been repeatedly done at the
North) the boldness of the enterprise would
arouse the dormant energies of the State. You
may think it strange, why I would suggest go
ing into the country to build up a town by the
introduction of manufactures. My reasons are
these: lhe land can be procured much cheap
er, and you would be assembling right in among
the farmers, which, while it would raise their
properly in value and require from them the
proauce oftheir farms, to sustain the enterprise,
would inevitably convince them that the man
ufacturers’ interests and theirs were mutual.
The enterprise itself would lead to greater im
provements in Agriculture. The effect itself
on the principle of farming, would almost be
electrical. Try it.
But again, the hands would be, in an incipient
movement of this kind, free from the vices and
temptation ot a city, and the rules and regula
tions of effort like this would certainly govern
and prevail. The lots could be sold out to put
up boarding houses and stores and a hotel, to
add to the capital of the company—spend money
among the people, and increase the number ot
buildings and enlarge the population. Besides
this, the travelling to and fro from Richmond to
the factories would make one more good road
perhaps, and benefit lhe wheelwrights and car-
riage makers. The stir of travel among the
, hands to Richmond, where they would princi-
pally lay out their money, would give a busi
e ness aspect to the place that would wake up the
e sluggish mines of our people and give hope to
I the despairing. New houses would necessarily
be opened in Richmond, fox the sale of these
articles, and lhe trade and travel between lhe
two places would increase as time rolls on.
He who would make a move in this matter,
would be entitled to the sincere good will of his
- country and race, and the humble gratitude of
the poor. SOUTHERNER.
The Tariff—Abolition.
The organs of the Democracy have been ex
tremely garrulous of late upon the subjects ol
' the Tariff and Abolition—with how much sin
• cerity, the whole people of the South must be
well aware, when they reflect how faithless the
. party have been upon both these subjects, to
their repeated promises and pledges. The fol
lowing questions, the joint labors ofthe Southern
Courant and Savannah Republican, are therefore
peculiarly pointed and appropriate:
The Tariff—Short questions.—The Edi
tor ot lhe Southern Courant, puts some ques
tions to the Democracy of Georgia, in regard to
the Tariff. The editors of the organs ofthe
party, will please answer them and a few more
which we have laken the liberty to add:
1. Did not the Democratic State Convention
ofNeiv-York, held at Syracuse, pass a resolu
tion, unanimously, in favor ot a Tariff with in
cidental prelection to domestic manufactures?
2. Did not lhe Democratic Legislature of
Pennsylvania, last year, unanimously pass a re
solution to oppose repealing or altering the Tariff
ot 1842?
3. Do you believe that the Democratic votes
ofthese States will be given for said repeal or
alteration ?
4. Do you believe that the coming Democra
tic Congress will repeal or alter the present
Tariff?
5. Is not the correspondent of the Charleston
Mercury right, when he says that the object of
Father Ritchie in blowing hot and cold on the
Mexican war question, is to induce a large ex
penditure ot the public money and thereby to
create a necessity to keep up lhe Tariff in or-,
der to appease Pennsylvania and New-York, and
to avoid the charge against Mr. Polk ol playing
false in his letter to Kane?
6. Is it not a fact that the last House of Repre-
Democratic majority lifeto
®ncTfailed McKay’s bill, which
though protective in principle, was moderate in
some of its rates ot duty ?
7. Is not the Democratic party of Georgia in
favor of a revenue Tariff with 'reasonable inci
dental proteclwnto home manufactures?
8. Did ever the Democratic partv of Georgia,
declare that such were its principles until in
1842, and one year after Mr. Wilde’s address,
adopted by the Whig Convention of ’42, had
distinctly declared this as the Whig doctrine?
9. If it be true that Mr. Polk has seized upon
the pretext of a Mexican war, to make large
expenditures of the public treasure, as is
charged upon him by his Democratic-torch
light ally of the Mercury, and for the express
purpose of creating an excuse for a HIGH
TARIFF, then are not the Democrats of Geor
gia playing into his hands, and professing as
they did in ’4l to be in favor of retrenchment,
while they are actually seeking power in order
to increase the publie burthens and grow fat
upon lhe spoils?
10. As the people of Georgia have tested the
Democratic faith in Slate affairs, and found
themselves " leaning upon a. broken reed," which
pierced them sorely, will they be likely to put
much faith in Democratic promises in future?
Abolition—more questions.—When the
Democracy are through with answering the ,
questions on lhe Tariff, we propose for their
consideration the following :
1. Is it r.ot a fact, that while lhe Whig party
had the ascendancy in Congress, the 21st Rule
was sustained and Abolition petitions rejected?
2. Was not the passage of that Rule and its |
support by the party then in power, a matter of ,
congratulation and rejoicing in the South? ,
3. Did not the Democratic presses at the South ,
endeavor to persuade the people that they were ,
indebted entirely to the Northern Democrats for t
this Rule, and that if the Democratic party
were in the ascendancy, the interests and insti- s
tutions of the South would be sale in their keep- f
4 Is it not a fact, that during the canvass of
1844, it was openly charged upon the Demo
cratic party, that they had agreed with the
Abolitionists, that in case they would aid in the
defeat ot Mr. Clav, the Democratic Congress
would repeal the 24st Rule and admit Aboli
tion petitions?
5. Is it not a fact, that even Birney, the Ab
olition Candidate for President, traversed the
country denouncing Mr. Clay, and persuading
his followers to take that course which would
insure his defeat?
6. Is it not generally admitted lhat Mt. Clay’s
overthrow was owing to lhe opposition of the
Abolitionists of New York, who were mainly
operated upon by Birnsy, Garrison and Mor
ton, of Massachusetts ?
7. Has not Marcus Morton, for his services
in the Polk election, been promoted to lhe Col
lectorship in the Boston Custom House overthe
head ol the bosom friend and classmate of Mr.
Calhoun—a man sound in principle on the sub
jex?t -a£_«da.vary-1—
8. Did not the Democratic members in the
lasLHarjse or Representatives.
of coalition between them and the Abolitionists
to be true, by fulfilling their part ol the agree
ment in regard to the 21st Rule?
9. Did they not, in that body, having nearly
two Democrats to one Whig, repeal said 21st
(or 25th) rule, by a vote of 108 to 80 ?
10. Have the Democratic papers of the South
generally proved their sincerity on this subject
of Abolitionism, by denouncing this desertion
of our interests by the party leaders in Wash
ington, or have they not rather by their silence
and indifference proved lhat they are disposed to
sanction the treason, provided their leaders can
only get a full proportion of the spoils?
11. Is it lair or reasonable in presses which
sanction such proceedings and court such alli
ances, to attempt to draw off attention from
their own acts, bv charging their own misdeeds
upon the Whigs?
12. Can the leader of a party which has thus
sacrificed the interests ot the South be sustained
by his fellow-citizens ol lhe interior of Georgia
for Governor, when he openly charged them in
1831, with being more unsound on the subject
of slavery, than were the people of the North ?
13. Would it not be advisable for our oppo
nents to answer these questions satisfactorily to
the people, rather than to waste their time in
making “side-hits” at Judge Berrien and the
Whig party, and accusing both with sympathies
and alliances which no sensible man believes
they entertain orcomtemplate?
A Very Tough Question. —The New-York
Tribune asks:—“ Will the Morning News,
which asserts that manufacturing isso lucrative
a business, and certain to continue so, tariff or
no tariff, tell ws why its friends do not embark m
it? Here are millions of capital in our city,
controlled by men whose lavorite newspapers
are daily telling that cotton fabrics which sell
for fourteen cents a yard are made at a cost of
not over six cents. If this is true, there is no
business half so profitable in the world as ma
king these goods, and will not be even when the
tariff is cut down. Why, then, don’t our Loco
foco capitalists believe their journals and em
bark in manufacturing rather than loaning it
out at 5 to 6 per cent, interest?”
Wool.—The principal buying in this mar
ket is at preesnt tor England, where the prices
of all grades are distinctly higher than they are
here, notwithstanding that the article is admit
ted free. Our farmers are therefore dependent
on England for so much price as their wool now
bears. The prices paid during the last week
have ranged from 27 to 33 cents for all the
grades of merino. That coarse South Down
wool, which the Yankee said American sheep
would be ashamed to be seen in, is worth 28
cents in England and 25 cents here.— N. Y.
Jour, of Com.
Ecuador and Peru.—The United States
Gazette publishes the following interesting let
ter, from an authentic source, relative to lhe
difficulties at present existing between the two
South American Republics of Ecuador and
Peru:
Quito, June 19, 1845.
My Dear Brother: —I write you these few
hasty lines byway of Bogota, as Don Vicenti
Cardenas, the New Grenadian Charge d’Af
faires, sends oil a courierto-night with despatch
es to his Government in Bogota. This capital
(Quito) is abandoned by its Government, and
is now actually in lhe hands ol a revolutionary
party. Valdivieto and his Ministers and troops,
&c. evacuated last Saturday, 14th instant, and
have gone to Rio Bamba. General Flores, the
President, (Valdiviero was accidental Presi
dent,) at last accounts, was al Babahoga, near
Guayaquil, with fifteen hundred men and war
ring against Guavaq til. It is thought they
will unite al Rio Bamba, and come up and try
and take this place. The opposition or revolu
tionary party is said to be too strong, and tnanv
think General Flores will fall. The whole
country is in a stale ol civil war. Anarchy and
confusion prevail in every department, and
God only knows when or where it will end.—
Yours, &c.
Indian and Yankee.—The water at Macki
naw is very clear and very cold—so cold as to
be almost unendurable. A gentleman lately
amused hitnsell by throwing a small gold coin
in twenty leet water, and giving it to any Indian
who would bring it up. Down they plunged;
but after descending ten or twelve feet thev
came up so chilled that after several ineffectual
attempts they gave it up. A Yankee standing
by observed that if he would give it to him lor
getting it, he’d swing it up quicker than light
ning, to which he consented; when Jonathan,
instead of plunging in, as was expected, quiet
ly took up a setting pole, and dipping the end
in a tar barrel, reached it down to the coin and
brought it up, and slipping it into his pocket,
walked off, to the amazement of lhe Indian
divers, and lhe no small chagrin ot the donor.
TUESDAY MC TING, SEPTEMBER 23.
The Union deg that a Minister has been
sent by Texas to United States, and says
| that the President ■ tor some time refused to
receive the actin; lharge, Mr. Lee, on the
ground that Tex is virtually part ol this
country.
The Royal Ml steamship Caledonia left
Boston on the IGlist. for Liverpool via Hali
fax, with thirty-ea passengers tor the former,
and seventeen for? latter port.
Bishop Soule 4 the Ohio Conference.
We mentioned|ne days ago that the Ohio
annual conference the Methodist Episcopal
Church, had refki to allow the venerable
Bishop Soule toreside over their session.
From the Westetphristian Advocate we ob
tain more full an(uthentic information upon
the subject, ft ajprs that Bishops Soule and
Ilamline attendedie conference, (the former
as a visiting and tjlatteras the appointed bish
op,) and the lattejelded the chair to his se
nior. Prior to ttja deputation had waited
upon Bishop Soul«tnofficially, urging him to
decline occupyingfe chair.
He, however, himself aggrieved by
the conduct of the itors of lhe Christian Ad.
and Journajnd of the Western Chris
tian Advocate; anjeemed it his duty to test
the matter on this icasion, by availing him
self of the offer ot i chair tendered to him by
Bishop Hamline.p-ccordingly, Bishop Soule
attended conferent and opened the session in
the usual manner;
At the opening! the conference, after the
secretary had call the roll, the Rev’d Jacob
„ Young “rose imnjiately before Bishop Soule,
' and stated that hejished to present a very im
portant resolution)'the action of the Ohio con
' ference. Bishop 'pule seemed disposed to
. press a document i the conference lor refer
? ence in advance ©he business proposed by
& Mr. Young. At the Rev. James
’ B. Finley said, I rfet positively protest against
this conference piyeding any farther, until the
' resolution, by Mr. Young,
, shall by ’.his contetence.”
. The preambled' resolution were es fol
-3 lows: XI
Whereas, Bislft/Soule and Andrew did pre
side at the cnnrjtion at Louisville, in May
last, composed delegates from the Southern
conferences, and,?hereas, said convention did
’ resolve the said deference into a “separate and
distinct ecclesiasthl connection,” solemnly de
daring that they vre no longer under theju
-3 risdiction of lhe Mthodist Episcopal Church;
1 and whereas Bislps Soule and Andrew did
, pledge their adhence to the Church South ;
5 and in view of thUouthern organization, and
’ the course of saidMshops at a meeting of the
’ bishops in New fork, Bishops Morris and
■ Janes declined pniding in the Southern con
ferences; therefor
’ Resolved, That tthough the conferences com
posing the Methtfist Episcopal Church will
! treat the bishops Mhe Church South with due
courtesy and respre, yet it would be, in the es
timation of this coference, inexpedient and
, highly improper forbetn to preside in said con
ference.
After the readin: ol the resolution Bishop
1 Soule said, —
“He took the char at the request of his col
league, and would nt leave it except at the in
stigation of the bisop who invited him; but
that the question ws one which he could not
put. The question being called tor by many
voices, and some emanding of Bishop Ham
line, that he would-put the question himself,
Bishop Hamline oserved that Bishop Soule
was in the presiden’s chair, and that it would
. le disorderly for <ny other person to put the
question to the vote Upon this Bishop Soule
offered the chair ti Bishop Hamline, who de
clined taking it, sryihg that as the resolutions
respected the supefntendents he would request
the Rev. D. Youttgtotake it.”
Mr. Young, a»d several other ministers in
succession declinedtaking the chair, but it was
finally filled by tie Rev. Jas. Quinn. The
sequel we give w he words of the paper refer
red to.
It was then rtoved and seconded that the
question be settled without debate, by a rising
vote. But then his ealled forth a desultory de
bate. The Rev Mr. Set on declared his inten
tton of protestiig against the legality ot the
question, whoewrmight be in lhechair. After
some farther desiltory remarks, from which it
was manifest thlt the conference was likely to
get into great collusion, Bishop Hatnline called
the conference t» order, and resumed the chair
himself.
On resumingthe chair, Bishop Hamline ad
dressed the conference nearly as follows: “The
confusion whici is arising promises to be so
great, that 1 fee 1 solemnly bound to interpose,
and will cheerflilty assume the responsibility
of doing my utmost to conduct the conlerence
through this crisis.
“The Southern conferences have met, by
their delegates,in Louisville; and, undisturbed,
have organized a Church, declaring themselves
separated from •ftyjurisdhstion ofthe Methodist
Episcopal Churls.; Hrnst, that while we will
not invade their 's...i,
them free, we will expect them to leave us free,
and undisturbed. 1 trust we will show our
brethren of the Sauth, that we know how to re
spect their rights and secure our own.
“I am an officer of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and lor the time preside over this con
ference. All I can legally do, or rightfully sa
crifice, to direct the business of the conference
in a calm and devout manner, I will cheerfully
attempt. 1 would sooner have mv right hand
wither, than not feebly reach it forth, when the
peace of the conlerence is threatened, and exert
myself to avert the evil. These remarks are
not intended to apply to Bishop Soule, but those
which follow are.
“ 1 have extended to him as a visiting bishop
the usual courtesies; but if this is to break up
the peace of the conference, and interrupt its
business, it will cost you too much. I cannot
claim to practice courtesies of mere ceremony
at the expense of the Church. I now wish to
know if Bishop Soule can occupy this chair
without inflicting on you what you deem a
grievance. The resolution before you will de
cide that point. I shall, therefore, put the pre
vious question without allowing farther debate,
and, if carried, the main question will promptly
follow.”
The previous question was then called for
and put and carried by an almost unanimous
vote. The main question was then put. by a
standing vote, and 145 voted for it and 7 against
it. So lhe question was decided that it was
“inexpedient and highly improper for Bishops
Soule and Andrew to preside in conferences of
the Methodist Episcopal Church.”
Monument to General Jackson.—At a
meeting recently held in Washington city, it
was determined Io raise a fund by public sub
scription to erect in that city, a collossal eques
trian statue of Gen. Jackson. The Richmond
Compilernotices the proceedings of the meeting
and
will blush to acknowledge that a similar enter
terprise, to do honor to Geo. Washington, was
attempted, but disgracefully failed.”
Mock Auctions.—The New York Courier
and Enquirer says: The new system in oppo
sition to mock auctions works to a charm.
The sight ofthe “official banner,” with the
ominous words “Beware of mock auctions,”
strikes terror to Funks, and unless
prospects brighten th|-y will have to close. One
more bold and ingenious than his fellows has
put lhe same words <Jn his own flag, as it to
caution purchasers Against all others but his
Latest from Brazil.—By lhe Nautilus, at
this port from Rio ide Janeiro, advices have
been received up to toe 9th of August. We are
indebted to an er teemed commercial friend for
copies of the annexed letters:
“Rio deJuneiro, August 9, 1845.
The British Minister here has received de
spatches from Montevideo saying that the En
glish and French have placed a man-of-war
alongside of each ol Rosas’vessels of war off
Montevideo, and informed them that they could
not move. Ro,as has been defeated in the in
terior by Paz and Lopez, and is now forcing
every man from 14 to 70 years of age into his
army as a last struggle, and is doubtless near
bis political end.
“Coffee continues very scarce. Exchange
25} firm.
“The barque Nautilus could only get liitle
more than halt a cargo of coflee.
“Montevideo advices to the 19th ult. advise:
‘A French brig of war has hauled up to the
head of our harbor for the protection of the left
wing of the lines, and the British ship Coutus
has anchored in a position outside to bear upon
the enemv on the right wing. These move
ments evince a hostile character in anticipa
tion.’—Balt. Amer.
Sj*Some exchange paper illustrates the ad
vantages of a “division of labor” by the follow
ing anecdote:
A certain preacher was holding forth to a
somewhat werried congregation, when he
“ lilted up his eyes” to lhe gallery, and In-held a
youngster pelting the people below with chest
nuts. Dominie was about to administer, ex
cathedra, a sharp and stringent reprimand for
this flagrant act of impiety and disrespect, but
the youth, anticipating him, bawled out, at the
top of his voice—
“ You mind your preaching, daddy, and TH
keep them awake!”
A Palpable Hoax—The driver rd a stage
coach from Bridgewater for Abington, Mass.,
tells the remarkable fact that lie recently con
veyed ten ladies at a time in his coach, neither
of whom bad a bandbox’.
for the Chronicle <f> Sentinel.
“ Forbearance.”
The verdant “Constitutionalist” has com
menced to talk of the wonderful forbearance ot
lhe democratic papers towards Gov. Craw ford 11
The Editor seems to think that no man in Geor
gia has any perception but himself. They cari
cature Gov. Crawford, as the ‘dime-saver’ —
speak of him as an ignorant broker in State
bonds, who can learn a great deal about State
scrip, if he would call on some of the clerks in
Augusta—falsify every act of his life—misrep
resent every measure of his administration —
charge him with supporting the Algerine law—
with opposing the right of a poor man to vote —
accuse him of violating the public law—with
squandering the public money, and at the same
time know every charge to be false—and then,
when the indignation of the people is rolling
back their malignity and slander upon them,
they add another deliberate misrepresentation to
those they have before made, and say, they have
been very forbearing!!!
The course of the democratic press in Geor
gia during this year has disgusted many of the
most devoted ot the party —lhe most palpable
falsehoods are staled, and lhe party called upon
to believe whatever is said. A man of the most
common intellect perceives, and exposes them
at once. Their purpose has been from lhe first
to practice upon the credulity ol their friends
and readers. These Editors believed nothing
of what they said—and they have only retailed
their slanders, to see how blind and implicit
confidence the people would put in what they
do say. They write their slanders; and then
privately laugh in their sleeves, to think how
the party will receive their sayings, against facts,
as truth itself. Among those who have thus
trespassed on the public credulity, lhe Constitu
tionalist is most prominent. The editor, doubt
less, never expected to be believed in what he
said—and therefore intending to warp no opi
nions against Gov. Crawford—he may justify
the remark, when he says, the press has been very
forbearing towards Gov. Crawford.
There is no doubt if that paper had been ex
tensively read in Georgia during this canvass—
the revilings ot the Editor and his correspond
ents, would have elected Gov. Crawford, by ten
thousand votes majority. As it is, the Editor
and “ Piney-Woods” will secure tor him a very
decided majority.
Mr. McAllister seems to have thought, that
his cause and that of his party, would be better
subserved, by placing lawyers at the head of
their presses for the present. They have there
fore filled the editorial chairs of lhe ‘Constitu
tionalist,’ and ‘ Federal Union,’ with two law
yers, who seem to think, that they are laboring
in a Court-house, with a jury, feed for their ser
vices, and bound to do their behest, without re
ference to the truth of the case. Like lawyers,
thev talk, to make lhe better appear the worse side,
and like lawyers, they are paid for what they
say. They have all the fiery zeal ol the young
gentlemen ofthe green-bag; and they doubtless
suppose they are doing wonders, whenevet they
have turned off a paper from the press—high
sounding in words—but in truth, as emptv as
the “whistling wind.” Out cf ten papers be
longing to lhe Democratic party, 1 am informed
that seven are under the control of democratic
lawyers. A lawyer, who has been accustomed
to defend causes, right or wrong—who has ha
bituated himself to arguing for a verdict, cannot
lay aside his prejudices, change his habits, and
reason dispassionately, at the head ofthe press,
when he is receiving pay for all he says. So
important has it been thought by the leaders ol
the democratic party, that Gov. Crawford should
be written down, that they have emploj'ed Her
schel V. Johnson, until the election, at one hun
dred dollars per week, to practice his lawyer
like profession upon the Governor, through the
Federal Union. These editors are either un
conscious of what they write, or believe from
their smartness as lawyers, they can blind the
common corn-field sense of the people of Geor
gia as to what they are doing. But I can as
sure them, that they will find out by the time
the votes are all counted, that the people—even
the democrats themselves—will not permit an
upright public officer to be hunted down, and
defeated, to gratify lhe bloated pride of a hall
dozen smart young lawyers. They may thinK
themselves very acute—quite accomplished—
wonderfully gifted in ridicule and abuse, and
then w’ell qualified to smooth it all over by say
ing, wc are very forbearing towards Gov. Craw
ford—but you cannot induce others to believe
Gnhnelr ventlpmeji..lr> vnnr Profession, and
we will respect you—but you forfeit our confi
dence to respect, where you are. Burke.
The New-York State Comptroller has issued
a circular offering to redeem lhe State fives be
coming dire on the Ist January next, with inte
rest from last payment, immediately. He also
gives notice that said bonds will cease to draw
interest after the Ist of January.
Antoßenters.—Thos. Deray, 2nd, a chief
of Dry Brook, Ulster county, was committed
on Wednesday evening. When taken, he was
armed with a rifle, dirk and pistols. The
Grand Jury came into Court this morning,
having found sixty-six indictments against as
many persons, for various offences committed
prior to the murder of Steele. Eleven of these
indictments are for robbery in the first degree,
appearing disguised and armed, and for riot at
Middletown, last February. The remaining
fifty-five indictments are for assembling dis
guised and armed, conspiracy and riot, at the
Stewart sale last spring in the town of Delhi.
Four of the Sheriff’s posse have just returned
with three prisoners.— Albany Argus, \2th insl.
from the N. Y. Courier <f- Enquirer.
Later from Canton.
By the arrival of lhe Rainbow, Capt. John
Land, yesterday afternoon, we were put in
possession of intelligence from China to lhe
sth of June, considerably later than was re
ceived by the overland mail. The Rainbow
encountered a terrible storm near the Cape of
Good Hope, and lost one o her men named
Amhroza Hazatd. On thesth ot Juiy she saw
lhe U. S. frigate Constitution going int“ Macao,
and was boarded by a boat from her.
The intelligence has some considerable in
terest.
By former arrivals, we received a rumor
that lherehad been a large fire at Canton : from
our files brought by the Rainbow, we learn the
particulars concerning it, with the terrible fact
that over TWELVE HUNDRED LIVES
were lost! The friend of China, published al
Hong Kong, ol the 31st ot May, states that
the fire broke out in the forenoon ot Sunday,
the 25th, in a theatre, while the performances
were going on. The theatre was situated in
thec.ntreof a square, from which there was
no egress, except by a narrow lane. As soon
as the fire w-as discovered, the audience endea
vored to escape; at the same time an immense
crowd from the outside were endeavoring to
force themselves in. The result was that an
immense number ol people were burned to
death, or trampeled to death by the crowd. The
official estimate of the Mandarins, stated the
number of killed at 1257, including 52 rnaleand
remale actors; the wounded are estimated at
2100. The day after the fire, 30 more men
were killed by a falling wall, and nearly a hun
dred were very badly Wounded. The bodies of
lhe dead were so horribly disfigured, that many
ot tnero count recognized, and lay un
claimed, and unbufrajTWau.Lc “lei nan
ordered 400 coffins for unclaimed bodies, but
the worst consequences were apprehended from
the exposure ot the dead. The strong preju
dices of the people with regard to paying res
pect to the dead, would retard, it was feared,
their inhumation. A large portion of the dead
were females, and it was leared many had been
murdered by the robbers that infest the city, for
the sake of their jewels. It is stated that thirty
years ago, a similar calamity occurred at the
same theatre; —at that time lhe authorities for
bade dramatic representations by the inhabi
tants; the present company were outside peo
ple.
fearful Earthquake.— From Honan province
there are accounts of an earthquake, which de
molished about ten thousand houses, killing up
wards ot lour thousand people. Circulars,
with the particulars, were selling in the streets
of Canton.
The English papers in China complain ot
the new Sugar duties ot England as injurious
to the Sugar trade from China.
A correspondent of the China Mail says that
a sermon was preached in lhe Colonial Chapel
at Hong Kong on the 261 h of April, by Right
Rev. Wm. J. Boone, who had just arrived from
the Protestant Episcopal Church ot the U. S.,
and notice was given of a confirmation. A
sketch is given ot the Church in the U. S. Dr.
Boone has been for some years Missionary suc
cessively at Batavia and Amoy, and is now
Missionary Bishop of the American Episcopal
Church in China.
The Chinese authorities have ordered lhe
robbers and assailants ol the British officers, in
the affray noticed by a previous arrival, to be
punished; British subjects, however, are still
excluded from the city of Canton, and the au
thorities urge the unwillingness of the people,
as the reason why they cannot permit them to
enter. The Chinese duty on Earthenware has j
been reduced to an ad valorem rate of five per I
cent. . ’
An insurrection recently broke out in Shau
lung. Instead of sending troops to quell it, an
Imperial Commissioner was sent to inquire
into it; he found it too trilling to notice.
The great age of the Emperor is said to
make the duties of the government irksome to
him. There is likely to be a good deal of diffi
culty in regard to the succession. The Empe
ror Taoukwar.g has been on a visit to the
catacombs ot his ancestors. Large deficits
still occur in the revenue. Recent orders have
been issued that all officers who fail to pay the
greater part of their debts, shall suffer decapi
tation. Keying has received a seat in the Cab
inet as Assistant Minister.
The tollowing is given as-» summary of the
Imports and Exports ot Canton lor the year
1844:-
Imports. Exports.
8riti5h,515,506,240*17,025,360
American,l,32o,l7o 6,686,171
French, 33,82337,130
Dutch 231,708572,188
8e1gian,60,5179,042
Danish,sl,99o
5wedi5h,18,234153,688
German,s,743 122,888
P0rtugue5e,614,8247,522
T0ta1,517,843,249.... 325,513,919
The ratio ofthe aggregate imports and ex
ports ot China for several years, may be seen
from the following statement:
Imports. Exports.
183257,530,609$ 17.240,486
1840, 11,205,27013.810,750
1844, 15,929,13217,925,360
The imports are in each case exclusive ol
opium.
The Government has officially authorised the
traffic in opium, and‘farmed out’lhe privilege
ot licensing opium houses at auction, tor $720
per month.
Extract of a Leiter dated
Canton, June 1.
For imports our market is in a more favora
ble position than could have been expected in
viewof the heavy importalion«---prices general
ly yield no profit, but holdersare anxious to sell.
The stocks of lower qualities of Long Cloths
are large, and prices consequently low. The
market is well supplied with American Drills
and Sheetings, and prices are well maintained.
20,000 pieces ot Drillshaving been sold within
a few days at $2.65 to $2.75; 30,000 pieces
Sheetings at 32.75 to $2 85. There is but little
demand for Woollens.
Cotton.— The receipts in May were: Bom
bay. 12,970 bales; Bengal, 2,424; Madras,
7,089—t0ta1'22,485 bales. American, of good
color and clean, would bring 6 to 7—duty paid.
Correspondence of the Providence Journal.
The First Manufacture of Salt West ot the
AUegha nies.
Hancock County, Ky., July 15, 1844.
4 have often alluded, in my letters, to an aged
friend, who was one of the first white men who
reared his log cabin west of the Ohio river.—
He has seen, in the years ot his manhood—a
quarter of a hemisphere—the most beautiful
portion ot the earth’s surface changed from
the dominion ol the savages and beasts of proy,
to populous states—to seats ot the highest
civilization, refinement and art;—the wilder
ness has given place under his eye to boundless
plains of waving grain and blooming valleys;
—where he once tracked the bear and the cata
mount have arisen hamlets, towns and cities;—
the rivers on whose solitary stream he paddled
his lone canoe, in dread at each turn ot the
treacherous ft,eman’s arrow, have become lhe
highways of an empire's commerce, and the
shores, that a few years ago “heard no sound
save their own dashings,” now echo lhe bellow
of a thousand magnificent steamers, and re
sound everywhere with lhe hum of busy life.
The man within whose memory these changes
have occurred seems to have lived ages of or
dinary lite; —lhe world around him has passed
within his own recollection from its primeval
solitude—from the primitive state in which it
came forth trorn the hands of its Creator to the
highest and noblest condition which man in the
19th century can impress on it.
This friend is George Ewing, Esq., the eldest
brother ot the Hon. Thomas Ewing of Ohio, a
gentleman, though little khown beyond the
circle ot private friends, distinguished for the
same stirring qualities ot mind and heart that
have secured the esteem and respect of the na
tion to his brother. Their father served through
out the revolutionary war as an officer of a
regiment. While in the army, he kept for
seven years a copious diary of the daily events
which occurred around him. This precious
heirloom, after being buried for more than 60
years in the rubbish of family papers at the
homestead in New Jersey, has been recovered,
and, under the editorial examination of the
Hon. Thomas Ewing, is being prepared for the
press.
The father, before the revolution, owned a
valuable estate in New Jersey, which he sold
at the time he entered the army fora sum near
325,000, the obligations for which were left in
the hands of an agent for collection, during his
absence, and was received in Continental
money, which was retained till it became
nearly worthless; and the whole proceeds of
the sale of the estate was insufficient finally to
purchase a calieo dress for his wife. When
lhe army was disbanded in 1783, like thousands
of other patriots, who had given lhe best years
of their life to their country, the elder Mr.
Ewing round himself destitute ol lhe means to
support his family. With a naeken his shoul
ders, he. penetrated the_-wild defiles <M trre-m~
-icgii. nites, ov lhe way of Chambersburg and
Bedford in Penn., which where then outposts
on the confines of civilization, and finally
crossed their summits, by a toilsome path, on
the present route of the National Road. Ata
small settlement, now Ne.v Liberty, in the
vicinity of Wheeling, lhe former commander
of a battalion commenced the avocatfofi of a
schoolmaster. Here lie remained for a year,
and in 1784 returned to Jersey for his family.
With two horses and a small wagon, which
contained all his wordly wealth, and tho-e more
dear than riches, he set forth on a toilsome and
perilous expedition. The journey occupied
several months, during which for many nights
their little vehicle was their only shelter, and
lor long distances the father went in advance,
with axe in hand, to clear a path, while the son
led the horses. They finally arrived at their
new home late in the autumn, and their wagon
was the first vehicle that entered Wheeling, a
path loi which was cut out tor 10 or 15 miles to
enable it to reach the fert and blockhouse which
then constituted the town.
Their sufferings during the first winter were
intense. On taking possession of their new
estate, they found their cabin without floor,
window or door, and the roof and chimney in a
state ot dilapidation. On the first night of their
arrival, the snow tell to lhe depth of three feet,
and did not disappear till the succeeding March.
A patch of potatoes, which lhe provident
father had planted in the spring before his de
parture, and which was one chief reliance tor
lhe winter’s food, were undug, and had to be
sought beneath the deep snow and frr zen ground.
But with the income from the little school and
lhe aid of the farm, the second year was passed
in comparative comtortand abundance. The
family remained at New Liberty several years,
and passed over into Ohio with lhe first body of
emigrants that crossed the river.
Tne father and eldest son had frequently ex
plored lhe country tar to the West of the Ohio,
before they removed to it, and when it was not
known that a white inhabitant dwelt within the
territory. They selected a site lot their abode
on the Muskingum.
The earliest and severest privations the new
settlers ot Ohio felt was the want of iron and
salt;—both of these articles could only he pro
cured by transporting them from the Eastern
cities over the mountains, on pack horses. Iron
was often sold for 20 and 25 cts per lb., and salt
was seldom less than $8 per bushel. My friend
has told me, that many times, he has travelled
,20 or 25 miles on tcot, and paid $4 in specie for
25 lbs of salt, which he carried home on his
back; and to procure this specie topurchase this
salt he fiad labored hard with his hoe and scythe
at the rate ol 25 cts per day;—to obtain a
bushel of salt, which is now bought any where
■ on the Western rivers lor2o or 25 cts.. the first
settlers, before the discovery ot salt wells, gave
lhe earnings of thirty.two days of severe labor,
and performed a painful journey, which occu
pied two other days, to get it home, ft may be
imagined, therefore, with what joy lhe first dis
covery of a salt lick was hailed. It occurred,
as related by Mr. George Ewing, in the follow
gingTWhnffiEr He was one day out on a homing
excursion, which was of it . ■ w i
of obtaining food tor the family, when he dis
covered in the forest a young Indian prostrate
and helpless, suffering in a fit of the pgue.—
He brought him water from a neighboring
brook in his hat, and remained by him and
nursed him till he was able with aid to walk.
By signs and a few broken words he endeavor
ed to make his Good Samaritan understand
that he wished to be led tohis camp; but Ewing
induced him to accompany him home, and
there he remained many days and was nursed
and tended till he was able to go to his compa
nions.
In gratitude for the kindness and hospitality
he had received, at parting he told lhe hast he
would disclose a valuable secret to him, under
a promise ot inviolablesecresy, a promise which
he exacted lor his own safety f rom the vengeance
and indignation of his tribe for disclosing. He
then described to him the spot where the Indians
procured tbeirsalt. He directed their course up
lhe Muskingum to a creek that empties into it a
few miles I elow the point on which Zanesville
now stands.
A tew days after the departure ofthe friendly
Indians, three adventurers started in search of
lhe lick. So accurately and fai.hlnlly had the
course and place been described, that the spot
was found without difficulty, and in the hollow
tree was discovered lhe hidden pick-axe and
spade; butthey were surprised to see with what
care the natives had removed all traces of their
labor about the lick; r.o signs ol the earth hav
ing been disturbed by digging, nor remains of
a brand or coal from their fires was to be per
ceived. With the eagerness with which men
seek.for hidden treasures, they commenced dig
ging a well; they had not penetrated the earth
but nine or telFfeet before the saline fountain
burst forth and nearly filled the well. Ttey
then went for lhe kettles which tl\ey had brought
in their pirogue to the mouth of the creek, and
carried them nine miles through the forest on
their shoulders. After a week’s labor each
man had procured about a bushel ot salt, ns
much as he could well transport to the river;
burying their kettles in the earth, and removing
as far as possible all traces of their labors, they
started for home, with feelings ot exultation ns
great as if they had discovered a mine of the
most precious metal. A few months afterwards
a joint stock company was formed lor working
the well and furnishing lhesettlement with salt;
each share of lhe capital stock was to be paid in
an iron kettle. The labors of the members of
the association were to be united, n part ol
whom were to guard the camp from the ap
proach ot the Indians, while the others labored
at the manufacture of salt, the productol which
was to be equally divided. This joint stock
company, perhaps the first in Ohio, continued
their labors for several seasons, till Wayne’s
victory drove the Indians from that section of
the State; after which the business was com
menced in a more regular manner, and has been
prosecuted on the same spot from that period to
the present time.
It was the apprenticeship which the young
Ewings served at the salt business attbislndian
salt lick, on the Muskingum, which afterwards
led them to Kanawha and secured to Thomas
lhe means ot rising to future eminence.
Notwithstanding the discovery ot these wells,
salt continued to be very dear throughout lhe
West, in consequence of the very limited sup
ply yielded by them, and the difficulty of trans
porting it through a rough wilderness country.
The price ot salt continued high till a protective
duty was laid by lhe genetal government on
the foreign article, and lhe u-orks on the Kana
wha and Muskingum were thereby stimulated in
to greater activity and wrought on an enlarged
scale by capitalists, from which period prices
rapidly declined.
As the history of the salt business affords one
strong argument in favor of the protective poli
cy, and is in itself deeply interesting, Igive you
the following facts, from the same'respectable
source from which I derived the above ddails.
Till the year 1810, when the manufacture olthe
article commenced at Kanawha, the price ot
salt had not been less than $5 per bushel. At
the beginning of the business at the strong and
copious wells on that river, the salt-boilers sold
their salt for $2 50*per bushel. ’l'he foreign
article immediately fell to that price and below
it. Mr. Ewing recollects that in 1811,twokeel
boat loads ol salt were taken up from the mouth
of the Kanawha, by cordellingthe beats against
the current ofthe Ohio to Pittsburgh, for sale,
consigned to a commission merchant. The
cargoes there met a large quantity offoreign
salt in the market, and also a large supply from
the Onondaga works in New-York.
In consequence of’he large overstock in the
market, the commission merchant refused to
receive the consignment of Kanawha salt, and
the two catgoes were seized by their crews for
their wages, and sold by the sheriff at a very re
duced price. The purchaser ot these two car
goes took them down the river to Marietta and
sold them at $1.50 per bushel. This was deem
ed, at the time, to be a price far below the cost
of production. This disastrous enterprise in
duced the Kanawha salt-boilers to petition Con
gress for a protective duty. The duty was im
posed of 30 or 40 cents per bushel, and in six
months after the passage of the law the price ol
salt at Kanawha and along the whole course of
the Ohio River, fell to $1 per bushel. The war
occurred the next year, which gave the whole
market to the domestic producer. The price re
mained the same lor about two years, and then
gradually fell to 75 cents, to 50 cents, and at
last went down to 25 cents, and even Io 20 cents.
F. Y. C.
A Revolutionary Relic.
The “ Remembrancer,” a journal publisher! in
London in 1881, contains the following article,
said to have been written by Mrs. Washing
ton, which was read in the various churches of
Virginia:
The Sentiments of an American Woman.
—“On the commencement of actual war, the
women of America manifested a firm resolu
tion to contribute as much as could depend on
them, to the deliverance of their country. Ani
mated by the purest patriotism, they are sensi
ble of sorrow at tMs day in not offering more
than barren wishes for the success of so glori
ous a revolution. They aspire to render them
selves more really useful; and the sentiment is
universal from the North to the South of lhe
thirteen United Stales. Our ambition is kin
dled by lhe fame ollhose heroines of antiquity,
who have rendered their sex illustrious, and
have proved to the universe, that it the weak
nessof our constitution, if opinion and man
ners did not forbid us to march to glory by the
same paths as nten, we should at least equal,
and sometimes surpass them in our love for the
public good. 1 glory in all that which mv sex
has done great and commendable. I call to
mind with enthusiasm and with admiration, all
those acts ol courage, of constancy and patri
otism, which history lias transmitted to us.
The people favored by Heaven, preserved from
destruction by the virtues, the zeal, and the re
solution of Deborah, of Judith, of Esther! The
fortitude of lhe mother of the Maccabees, in
giving up her sons to die before her eyes:
Rome saved from the fury of a victorious enemy
by the efforts of Volumnia, and other Roman
ladies; so many famous sieges where the women
have been seen, forgetting the weakness of their
sex, building new walls, digging trenches with
their feeble hands, furnishing arms to their de
fenders, they themselves darting lhe missile,
weapons on the enemy, resigning the ornaments
- “F ■> m-micp <.«•“ as- n... u. -titl nn
the public treasury, and to hasten the deTive
rance of theircountry; burying themselves un
der its ruin; throwing themselves into the
flames, raiher than submit to the disgrace of hu
miliation before a proud enemy.
“ Born for liberty, disdaining to bear the irons
of tyrannic government, we associate ourselves
to Ihe grandeur of those sovereigns, cherished
and revered, who have held with so much splen
dor the sceptre of lhe greatest states, the Batil
das, the Elizabeths, the Marias, the Catherines,
who have extended the empire of liberty, and
contented to reign by sweetness and justice,
have broken the chains of slavery, forged by
tvrams in the times ot ignorance and barbarity.
The Spanish women, do they not make at this
moment the most patriotic sacrifices, to increase
the means of victory in the hands of (heir sove
reign? He is a friend to lite French nation.
They are our allies. Wc call to tnind, doubly
interested, that it was a French maid that kin
dled up amongst her fellow-citizens, the flame
of patriotism buried in long misfortunes; it was
the Maid ot Orleans, who drove fro n the king
dom ol France, the ancestors of these same
British, whose odious yoke we have just shaken
off; and whom it is necessary we drive from
this continent.
“ But I must limit myself to the collection ol
this small number <f achievements. Who
knows, if persons disposed to censute, and
sometimes too severely with regard to us, may
not disapprove of our appearing acquainted
even with the actions ol which our sex boast I
We are at least certain, that he cannot be a
good citizen who will not applaud our efforts
for the relief of the armies which defend our
lives, our possessions, our liberty 1 The situa
tion of our soldiery has been represented to me ;
the evils inseparable from war, and the firm and
generous spirit which has enabled them to sup
port these. But it Las been said, that they may
apprehend, that in the course ot a long war, the
viewof their distresses may be lost, and their
services be forgotten. Forgotten! never! lean
answer in lhe name of all mv sex. Brave
Americans, your disinterestedness, your cour
age, and your constancy will always be dear to
America, as long as she shall preserve her vir
tues.
“ We know that at adistance from the theatre
of war, if we enjoy any tranquility, it, is in the
fruit of your watch ngs, your labors, your dan •
gers. II 1 live happy in lhe midst ot niy family;
ifmy husband cultivates his field and reaps his
harvest in peace; it surrounded with mv chil
dren, I myself nourish Ute youngest, anti press
it to my bosom, without being afraid of seeing
myselt separated from it, by a ferocious enemy;
it lhe house in which we dwell, it our barns,
onr orchards are safe at the present time from the’
hands of these incendiaries, it is to you that wc
owe it.
“And shall we hesitate to "evidence to you
our gratitude? Shall we hesitate to wear
clothing more simple, hair dressed less elei
while at the price of this small privation
sh.-jlldeserveyourbenedictions? Whoamc
us will not renounce, with the greatest pier
those vain ornaments, when she shall ci
that the valiant defenders of America
able to draw some advantage from th
-WHICH .-in mifilrt tone tant-intt -11117. ~*-~
they will be belter defended from the
the season, that after their painful
will receive some extraordinary an t t
relief; that the presents will perhaps
by them at a greater price, when th”
in their power to say: This is the of
Ladies. The time is arrived l<
same sentiments which animated ... „ c . ■
ginning of ti c revolution when we renounced
the use ot teas, however agreeable to our taste,
raiher than receive them from our persecutors;
when we made it appearto them that we placed
former necessaries in the rank of superfluities
when our liberty was interested: when our re
publican, laborious hands spun the flax, pre
pared lhe linen intended for the use of our sol
diers; when exiles and fugitives, we supported
with courage all the evils which are lhe con
comitants ot war. Let us not lose a moment;
let us be engaged to offer the homage of our
gratitude at the altar of military ardor, and yon,
our brave deliverers, while mercenary slaves
combat to cause you to share with them, the
irons with which they are loaded, receive with
a free hand our offering, the purest which can
be presented to vour virtue, by
APLA MERIC AN WOMAN.
Death of Gen. Sewali.. —The Gospel Bar
ner published at Aus.usta, (Me.) says:
“ Major General Henry Sewall, a veteran pa- '
triot of the Revolution, and a patriarch in the .
social stale, departed this Hie at his ret id ■ ■•
in this town, on Thursday of last week. Few
men have* been more useful or more deservedly ■
honored through a long life that! he. Gen. S.
was in lhe whole revolutionary struggle, having ;
entered the army in 1775, anti continued in it ■
till the peace ol 1783. He was personally ac
quainted with Washington, to whose staff he
was for'a time attached. There are letters now ■
in his house written him by Washington in <
friendly correspondence alter lhe war was over.” i
WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPT. 24.
Tur. Farmer’s Library, for September,
published by Greeley &. McElrath, New York,
and Edited by J. S. Skinner, is on our table.
Ot lhe (perils of this periodical wc have before
spoken ; indeed, the very name of lhe Editor is a
high guarantee of its excellence, and we need
only remark that the number before us is not
inferior to its predecessors. Besides a rich
table ol contents the number is embellished with
a handsome engraving of the cotton plant nnd a
splendid portrait of a “short horned Bull.”
“The London Lancet” (American Republi
ration.') for July, has been received. The Med
ical profession, for whom the work is intended,
are quite familiar with its reputation, which
renders any commendation of ours unnecessary.
The style of the American edition reflects cre
dit upon the publishers, Messrs. Burgess, Strin
ger &Co. of New York, who deserve a liberal
patronage. Terms five dollars per annum in
advance.
Gov. Crawford and the Aloerine Law.
The Democratic papers in the interior, persist,
saj’s the Savannah Repul lican, in circulating
the shameless falsehood that Gov. Crawford is
opposed to free suffrage, and that he advocated
the law passed by the Legislature of 1842, and
known as the Algerine law.
The editor of the Augusta ConslilvlionaUst.
seems to have grown absolutely ashamed of lhe
reckless ami unprincipled course of his fellow
Democrats on this subject. Alter chiding one
ofthe Democratic presses with resorting to such
low means for the defeat of Gov. C., the editor,
who is acquainted with the facts, and who seems
to love truth morelhan his party, says :
“ Wc arc under theimpreasion Gov. CaAWroan
stated that had he been a citixen qf Augusta, hs
would have been opposed to the law, or any law ma
king the obnoxious distinction recognized in this
law."
In a letter from Andrew J. Miller, Esq., to
the Editor ofthe Georgian, dated July 22d, the
following declaration is distinctly made. Mr.
Miller was the Senator from the county al the
time the Algerine Law was passed, ami inti
mately acquainted with all the circumstances
connected with the passage of the la w. No one
who is at all acquainted withhischaracter, will
doubt the accuracy of his statements. He
says:
“ The Act of 1841, authorizing the election
of a Board of Aidermen in Augusta, commonly
called “ the Algerine law,” was passed withmil
the knowledge of, nr any consultation with, Mr.
Crawford; and when he was first informed of its
provisions, hr. expressed his opposition to it, be
cause of its restrictions upon the right of
suffrage. He never advocated this Jaw, and
was in favor of vs being repealed, before he became
a candidate for the Legislature in 1812. Ills
opinions were well known long before the election,
and in the House ot Representatives he procured
the passage ofthelaw abolishing the Board of
Aidermen.”
New York State Agricultural Fair.—
This annual Agricultural jubilee has just
closed at Utica, New York, and was deserved
ly an object ot general interest to lhe farmers
of the Stale. “On the grounds which are set
apart for the Fair, great preparations (says lhe
Baltimore American) have been made for the
convenience ol exhibitors and spectators. The
enclosure contains upwards ot ten acres, a
carriage way around the whole inside of the
enclosure giving persons an excellent opportu
nity of viewing the exhibition. Four large
buildings, one hundred feet in length, are erect
ed. Ist. Floral Hall, containing a fine display
of Fruits, Flowers, Horticulture, &c., and
decorated with much taste. 2<l. Ladies’ Hall,
containing specimens ofthe taste and ingenuity
of the ladies, decorated under their direction,
and in their charge. Also, specimens ot do
mestic manufacture. 3.1. Specimens ol me
-1 chanical skill and ingenuity. 4th. Farmers’
Hall, containing products ot the dairy, and
various articles worthy of notice. The streets
of Utica have been covered with tan bark, for
the comfort of the farmers, who have not been
accustomed totraverse rough pavements. The
Association has alsoasfe'air open
in Utica.”
To afford the reader some idea of the attrac
tive character of these Fairs and the great in
terest excited in their behalf among lhe Farm
ers of the ttmptrv iv—tfie
ing paragraph from the eorrespori<>itjce
■vt+rnrry Rrnrrng Journal:
“ There is a crowd here, which no man ran
number. The City was full last nigh*—all the
Hotels being literally crammed to their utmost
capacity. In addition, the trains, both east and
west, which arrived during the night, poured in
their thousands. The Fair Grounds have pre
sented during lhe entire day, lhe appearance of
a Bee-Hive under the interesting process of
swarmins. So great has been the crowd, that
one cou'd scarce move with comfort. The
Halls appropriated for the exhibition of Flow
ers, Fruits, specimens of Mechanic Arts, Ac.,
were so densely crammed that nothing could be
seen but the people. What observations I was
able to make, were laken in the morning, be
fore the gates were opened, and before the things
were all arranged.
Thecensusof New-York has been taken re
cently in accordance with an Act passed by the
last Legislature of that Slate. In fifty-four
citiesand towns the increase of population du
ring the last five years has been nearly 23 per
cent. It the increase throughout the rest of the
State has been in proportion to the increase of
these cities and towns the population ol New
York is half a million greater than it was in
1840.
Cotton Crop in Arkansas.—The Van Bu
ren Intelligencer of the 6th inst. says, our far
mers have commenced picking their cotton ; the
crops will be short, on account of the unusually
dry weather during the summer, but we believe
the staple is better than usual. We have no}.»
heard of any being baled yet.
Bishop Soule, of the Methodist Episcopal
church, says there has been a decrease of 45,445
members in the northern section of the church
the past year, and an increase of 9,703 in the
southern section, while the total increase for
the preceding year was 155,000. He ascribes
it to the contentions that have agitated the
church.
Just and Generous. —The Hon. John Hun
ter, ol Hunter’s Island, a large proprietor of
lands in Delaware county, has ordered a deed to
be made out granting 200 acres of land to Mrs.
Steele, the widow of the Deputy Sheriff' who
was killed by the Indians in the execution of
his duty.
tlfJ. W. Pollock, form—,
captai* c- a
. l.i .it i.' “'tihas C..-..SCUio “Nashville,
; ...ovosee.'' Pollock was lodged in jail.
The New York Evening Post, Speaking'S.,
on political patronage, says that the General 4
Government controls the appointment of 14,000
Po-tmasters, 14 000 Deputies, 1,000 Mail Con
tractors and Agents, 2,000 Reienue and Light
house officers—making in all 31,000 public de
pendents. Every State controls 2,000 appoint
ments, and all of them 54,000. The General
and State Governments, together, control 87,000
men. Tills is exclusive ot Army, Navy and
the troop ol persons employed by the Executive
officers of the National and State Governments.
Ho! for Texas.—The Arkansas Intelligen-
1 er says that numbers cf persons are pa-sing
through that city (Van Buren) on their way to
and from Texas, who have been and are going
to see the country, nnd select homes in lhe new
State.
Lead ani> Silver.—A new furnace
din county, Illinois, has been Marled,
now producing lead from ore which yields 65
and 70 per cent,, by a very rough process;
some has yielded 86 percent., by actual exper
iment. The whole section of country is one
iiiassot mineral; and silver prevails in the lead
al the rale of S3O per ton, which can be extract
ed by a process so cheap as to make the silver
pay all.