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rptdih It S Sentinel.
OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CiIRONIGLE * SENTINEL
13 PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY
BY J. W. .w W . s. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum—or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for $5.
Ten subscribers, one year, fors2o 00
Tri- Weekly paper, at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew rhe subscrip
tion, the paper will bcriiseontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 3.
Population of Savannah —The following
statement, says the Savannah Republican, fas
been handed to ns for publication. The popu
lation of the city and county, at this time,
is 90,04 G
In 1840, our population was 18,801
increase in five years, 1,245
This Census shows that the increase in the
population ol the city has tarn steady «and ra
pid, and presents the most proofs
of the benefits derived to the place from the open
ing of her areat line of impn-veinenls to
At present, the total population of the city is
as follow % viz:
1815 —Total white population, 7,379
do. colored do 5,479
T0ta1,12,858
1840—Total white population, * 5,887
do. colored do. 5,373
Total, 11.214
Increase population in five years, 1,614
do. of whites do. 1,492
do. of colored do. 152
In 1840, there were in the city, I,6Bsfamilies.
In 1815 there are 2 168 families, being' an in
crease of 483 in five years.
Pomh.ation or Macon.—By the repent cnn
su* it appears that Manon has a population of
4,180.
White population, 2,44'2
Slaves 1,709
Free persons of color 29
Total, 1,180
AnnusT op CoUnterpritkrs,—The Charles
ton Courier of yesterday says:—We noticed in
our paper, a short time since, the arrest of a
part of a gang of counterfeiters in Kentucky, by
an agent sent for that purpose by the Bank ol
Charleston and the Southwestern Rail Road
Bank of this city. We have since learned,
with great surprise, that the prisoners were ad
mitted to bail on the penalty of S4OO w.ch,
principals and surety. This extraordinary
iaet would sav little for the morals of Lincoln
County, in Kentucky, where the arrest took
place, were it not known that this unprecedented
act of the Magistrates was most strongly and
loudly reprobated by that whole community,
and there is reason to hope that certain en
sures which the counsel for the Banks had in
view, would, withahe aid,of publicopinion, lead
to the .confinement of the culprits and their ulti
mate conviction and punishment. WenWoleern
tliSt such secret and confidential information has
been received, designating the persons ned
purposes of the whole gang, which is probably
ow of the most extended and best organized
ever known in the country, that will lead to the
breakiag-up anT'srrw’t'vl the wholegang. The
__JB#Oks, we understand, ard-pttrrtring the remain
ing Members of the gang with the utmost vigor;
and, in addition to the prisoner now in the
jail of Columbus, Geo, and the arrests in
Kentucky, two more ol the same gang have been
taken up in different parts of North Carolina,
and are now in prison, a . ailing their trials, and
the Banks aspect soon to be advised of further
arrests in other sections of the United Stales.
The only bills of the Bank of Charleston
that have been counterfeited are. the denomina
tions of S2O, and we understand the Bank has
been rapidly withdrawing them from circula
tion for some time past. Th* bills of the S.
W. R. R. Bank that have been counterfeited we
belitve, are SIOO.
¥a:.ta Ana—By ihe last arrival from Ha
vana we learn, says the New Orleans Picay
une, that Gen. Santa Ana, the cx-President
of Mexico, is still living in ease and elegance
at the famous country seal of Dr. II via. It is
situated about nine miles from Havana, in the
district of Marianao. Il is a r impiuott- resi
dence, and might well be deemed a palace.
The General has recently purchased a magnifi
cent carriage, horses, and otherwise given
evidence of a design to make Cuba a permanent
residence, unless some emergency in the affairs
of Mexico, fortunate for his partisans, should
recall him to the scenes of his former wonder
ful and most eventful career. It mnst he con
fessed that he has chosen his place of retirement
with admirable taste and sagacity. I'-.-m all
parts of the earth news is received at Havana
by regular and frequent packets. He can thus
lake advantage ol the earliest movement in bis
favor, communicate promptly with his triends
at home, and at the same lime share in the en
joyments and luxuries of society in Havana.
The EptscopAr. The New
York flerahl of Monday says; The animated
and exciting discussions in this convention, on
the case of Bishop Onderdonk, have term inated
in a manner quite different from the anticipa
tions of many. In fact, the Bishop has had a
decided triumph. He is regarded as Mill a
Bishop—is to be paid a salary of $2 500 a year,
and a provisional arrangement lias been made
for the discharge of the duties of the episcopate.
T'y An important geological discovery has
been made in Vermont by the State Geologist,
of beds of iron ore, several yards tl ick, and co
extensive with the solid rock along the base ol
the Green Mountains. It was supposed that
there was notin that State any regular solid
bed of ore, inter-stratified with rock.
Jj}’ A new analysis of Bile, by a French
chemis , has disclosed an important fact in re
gard to animal secretions, and particularly bile.
The taurine ot bile, one of the most remarka
ble substances of organic chemistry, on account
of the regularity of its ehrystals, is found to
contain ;26 percent of sulphur; it was before sup
posed to consist only ot oxygen, hydrogen,
carbon and nitrogen.
Vineoar made FROM Beets.—lt is stated that
excellent vinegar may be made trom the juice
of beets. A farmer lately grated a bushel of
sugar beets to a fine pulp, pressed out the juice,
(six gallons,)and put it into an empty vinegar
barrel, and in two weeks he had as line vinegar
as was ever obtained from cider.
Settling accounts.—The New Orleans Pi
cayune of lhe 25th ult., furni-hes the follow
ing evidence ot the progress of settlements in
that citv.
Duel— On Thursday a duel was fought in the
vicinity ot this city between Mr. G. Alexander
Ramsay and Mr.' Augustin McGruder, with
pistols. At lhe second shot both gentlemen
were wounded—Ramsay in the abdomen, and
McGruder under lhe left eve.
Another— A m-’eling took place on the same
day at half past 6 o’clock in the morning, near
the plantation ol Madame Treme, between two
mechanics, which resulted in the spilling of a
little blood of one of lhe combatants.
IVe hear ol one or two other “ scrapes” to be
settled to-day or to-rnorow.
The Power or steam and the extent of
its use.— ft is said in the Mining Journal, that
th* power of steam in Great Britain is equal
in itsetleets annually to thelalxu' of 270,000 000
men, in a population ot only 25,000,000.
Wild Goose Wheat.—A lew kernels of
wheat ot an inikti wn variety wert taken from
the crop of a wild goose last season, which per
chance may furnish a plant of great value from
its adaptation to onr climate and soil. A cor
respondent of the last Toronto Patriot thus des
cribed this grain, so far as one year's cultiva
tion can develope is true character:
A gentleman in this city planted, on the 2d of
November last, seven grains of this extraordi
nary and prolific, variety. The produce was
eighty large ears, and forty small ones! The
large ears contained fifty grains each, and the
smaller ones about thirty. It is bearded with
".long awns, much stiff, r than those of English
barley; the grain or pickle is frilly twice the
size ol ordinary wheat; the straw is unusually
strong, and it is believed coni.l never he lodged
or laid. Ou t iponfog, the" ears become of a blue
black color- the straw,Mioweycr, is uot black—
Irem the sides ol tire earliest ears a second and
sometime. a third chestjs thrown out from the
lower chests ea< h of these additional chests
contain two grains. It is so tenacious of drop
ping its grain that it may be left standing as
they have been for a month after it is ripe with
out injury or loss; but this quality makes it so
hard to thrash that it is doubled it it would
thrash with the flail. From being so late sown
it was much rusted, so much -so as would have
utterly destroyed the common varieties; this is,
however, only injured and . slightly shrunk-.
There is a very much larger proportion ol
glfiteii in the Composition ot the grain than com
mon wheat, and it would make what be leers will
a very sZ’vorg fl-.mr.
The ground on which it " ' A£T.'A’~
-eserq—arrOTtM ist a garden, having been
temfrrcd poor by the addition'<d a Urge propor
tion of yellow sand for the purpose of growing
striped dahlias—the ground bad not been
manured forthree years.”
Rail lit arts—The Wonders Effected by
them—The City of New York now anil
Twenty years ago.
A newspaper is rarely adorned with an
article more interesting, more instructive, and
more suggestive of thought upon man and his
destinies, especially in this country, than the
billowing article from the N. Y. Express of
Thursday:
“ 7'Ac progress <■/’ the cilu under the stimulus
of publie works—The. Erv Roil Road.—No per
son who will cast,a glance back, and view the
progress of things prior to the construction ol
the great ErieC’anal, can fail to be astonished
by the rapid strides this city aim the great West
have taken since the completion of that work.
Fur many years prior to its commencement, it
was ridiculed trom one extreme to the other, as
“ Clinton’s Folly,” .and as the most Quixotic
measure that was ever dreamed of. The man
is now livinst, who, in the Halls of the Le
gislature, stigmatized it with the nickname of
Big Ditch, a na tie which it bore lor many
• ears, indeed it was not until Stephen Van
Rensselaer, Elisha Williams, and a number of
other individuals came forward and offered
to build the whole Hue ol the Canal from Util
falo to Albany, that the people or the Legisla
ture believed it to be a feasible project. The
Representatives from this city, 1. r a series of
years, and indeed from the tirsf agitation of the
subject, to its final pa«sage f opposed the pro
ject. It was not until 1817, that the first shovel
of earth was thrown up, and the work was
commenced. This city then contained a
population of only about one hundred thousand
inhabitants; Brooklyn less than five thousand,
and the State hut aboufa million. Tliis.isonly
twenty-eight years ago. In 1825, ju-t twenty*
years ago, when the Canal was completed, the
citv contained only 166,086, and the State only
1,G1G,458. Since that period, and notwithstand
ing the great break'down of our banks in 1836
anil '37, the c iv has advanced with a stride that
is altogether unpnrallqlcd. The city ol Brook
lyn numbeissixty thousand. This city, inclu
ding Brooklyn, Jersey City and Williamsburg,
which belong to ns in fact, has a population ol
at least lour hundred thousand, it not conside
ro’dy more. The -city and suburbs have in
creased twice as large as they were then. The
number of stores and dwellings, the extension
ol wharves, the increase ol "team boats, and
other facilities that luighr be named, have all
gone on in.the same ratio.
'The sut j.ftof Railroads has become almost
a monomania in England. The amount of
money already expended there, Is alm■ -st incred
ible, and ibe disposition to invest in this 'de
scription of sieun'ty is extending'o the Conti
nent of Europe, and immense lines of railroads
are threading various countries where, two years
ago, these facilities were never anticipated.
The fever'seems to be catching, and it has taken
deep root in New England, whete. tor several
vears past, lines of road of surprising extent,
have been constructed, and with hardly an ex
ception, these investments have tuinedout to
be profitable. Nor is the feeling in any way
abated, but on the contrary, there appears to be
as great a desire to invest in rail road stock as
ever.
The railroad fever, if it may be so termed,
which rages in Europe and New England, has
apparently just reached this city. The filling
up of the stock of th.: Erie Railroad, of which
no one now doObl«, will be the consummation
of an event second only to the determination
to build I lie Erie Canal; and should this road
he completed within two or three years, passen
gers and goods may be trans; cried to Lake
Erie in the short s; ace ot twenty-four hours,
and this, too, al ; I most any season ol the year.
A railroad will be finished this fall from Cin
cinnati to Sandusky ; and whenever a mail is
made to connect from that road to the Erie,
the passage from this city to Cincinnati will be
only two days. A few years, probably live, at
the outside, will bring about all these results.
If, then, our city is two or three times greater
now than it was twenty years ago, when the
•anal was completed, '-. hat will it probably be
twenty years hence, after the Erie Railroad is
finished! The receipts from the canal lolls,
in 1830, five years after its completion, were
but n million of dollars; they wil l now amount
to about two ard a half millions id dollars.
Tlie receipts have already paid off the entire
cost, ami the work is left tn the State as one of
her richest legacies. 'The great profit the State
has realized, large as it is, forms but an item
in its value. Many of the rich and growing
town-. 11l the West, 'but for the canal, would
have be.. . mere villages. Albany, in 18’5,
contained 18,000-now 11,000, Troy 8.000-
—now 21,000; Rochester 3,ooo—now 25,000;
Bnfiaio 5000 how 28,000; and a large number
ol new towns; no' then in existence, are now
populous. P
Al the completion of the Erie Canal, there
teas bitt one steamboat on Lake Erie, and she
proved to be unprofitable. Now the coutnerce
of that Lake outruns all calculations. Pro
duce that could never have fo.iud its way trom
the rich and fertile lands of lie - West, is brought
here at comparatively small expense, and with
lira greatest despatch. 'This having been done
by walerand horse power, what may we eflpeet
from the lire horse, when he starts from the
Lake to the Ocean ,on the Erie Railroad '!
Extensive Robbery—More Mt-tery and
Drugging.—Mr. Reuben Rowley, an elderly
gentlemen from Wrerrtham, Mass., left his home
on Friday afternoon, and took the Stonington
cars, from which he took passage in the steamer
Massachusetts fortius city. Mr. Rowley had
in his pocket hook $27,800 in Massachusetts
State Bank bills, which he intended to invest in
-stocks.un arriving in this city. Sometime du
ring the passage, Mr. Rowley very imprudently
took put his money and counted it several times.
Yesterday morning, when within about fifty
miles of the city. Mr. Rowley was accosted by
a genteel looking man. who claimed acquain
tance with him. and gave his name as Mr.
Southgate. Mr. Rowley did not know him, but
as he seemed, very sociable, entered into conver
sation with him'. Aller conversing a while.
Southgate, who had some peaches in his hand,
offered one to Mr. Rowley, which he accepted
and ate. Soon after eating it, however, he was
seiz’d with a violent pain and griping in lhe
Stomach, which caused him to go below and
lie down. When il-.e pain bad subsided,
Mr. Rowley fell into a deep sleep, so m which he
did not wake until about an hour after the brat
had reached the wharf. On feeling in his pocket,
he found that his pocket book and al! his money
was gone. He immediately communicated the
feet to the police, and it is to be hoped that,
owing to this early information, the daring and
cunning thief may be discovered. Mr. Rowley
is a wealthy man.—N. V. Herald.
Terrific Whirlwind.—A most terrific whirl
wind passed through the noithcrn pan cf ihe
county of Orleans, Neu-York, on Saturday
week, which, for its magnitude and extent of
devastation, was perlectlv frightful. It com
menced ai Johnson’s Creek, in Niagara county,
io k..a nowh-r.st course through the towns ol
Yates and Carlton, in ’he county ol’Orle. ns.
and spent its Jury in the lake. It is reported th.-.t
i < track is some IGO rods wide, and sever-’- ■ ”
<-r twenty miles in length. Iluge ' tre—
were twisted from their trunks and hurled in
mid-air like leathers. Orchards are uproon c.
barnsand houses unrooted, and many so com
pleted destroyed as to leave scarce” wreck be
hind. Some ot lhe be-t and ablest termers are
completely ruined, and many have sustained
heavy los -es in the destruction ot lhe corn
and strains wherever they were stacked. A
oman and child have disappeared, and have
nut been n] of since. Her was situa
t’ I n the mouth ol Oak Orchard Creek. It is
probable that she was carried by the strength
of the storm into the angry waters ofOntario
and lost.
Union of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
\ve obtain the following information from the
last number ol the America! Railroad Journal,
■>»io which it lias been transferred Hom the
(London) “Civil Engineer and Architect Jour
nal for June.” 'The work it appeals is about to
be undertaken under very favorable circum
stances; the Mexican Government having
granted to Don Jose de Garay the most ample
powei-, and conceded to him very adequate
menus lor executing it, so far as territory and
right <>l passage go. The grant consists of a
ten iiory thirty miles on each side of the canal in
lee, (in perpetuity we suppose,) and the entire
receipts ol the tolls during liny years after it
shall be completed These, we suppose, w ill be
sufficient inducements for capitalists in England
to lurnish the necessary funds for the execution
of the canal. The territory granted contains
nearly 5,000,000 acres, and is said m be of great
value.
The Journal we have quoted snys, that “it
fitt-t submitted to the puklie Mr. Galloway’s
plan tor eonstiucting a railroad in lhe desert,
and uniting Suez, Grand Cairo, and Alexandria
by a tew hours' journey instea-' of days; and
that it now has ih- means of cal in v. mtention to
a much gfeaierand more magnificent project Ilii
trailing the Atlantic and Pacific, saving io lhe
vessels ot Ettrape eight thousand miles, and to
those of America twelve thousand miles in
voyaging io China and the East; opening a new
world to the enterprise of the old one; connecting
lhe mother country with her distant colonies;
obviating lhe present, difficult and dangerous
passage by Cape Horn, twice under the burning
sun of the iropics, and coiitrrbuiingrnore than
directs of con; p <lizalti'3. ihe en-
Yirhrnent of many ar.<l lhe enlightenment of
more. To Don Jose d? Garay, assisted by the
Mexican Government, is the honor of planning,
surveying, and demonstrating ihis magnificent
project due—to Mr. Alderman Vickers the
credit of appreciating its consequences and ca
pabilities, and adopting’ stand bringing it before
the British public. The distance across the
Isthmus is 120 miles, the length of the river with
its winding, which is navigable, is 40 miles, and
80 more can be dredged; the length of canal to
be cut is 49 miles.”
“The “American Railroad Journal” then
adds the following extract from a circular lately
issued by Alderman Vickers of London, which
details more fully lhe natute of lhe grant to Don
Garay:
“ Don Jose de Garay, who is now in London
conceived the execution of this grand project;
and lhe Government ot Mexico, appreciating
its vast importance, granted to him lhe most able
concessions, in ease he should succeed in carry
ing it out. Fortified with this concession, and
th? countenance of lhe Government, the piojec
tor formed, under lhe direction ot Don G. Muro,
(an Italian engineer,) a scientific commission,
the members ot which, after an examination ol
the Isthmus for upwards of a year, made a re
port. in lhe most favorable terms, as to the prac
ticability ofihe undertaking. I he Mexican ofil
cers, Dun Manuel Robles and Don Jose Gon
zales, (whose services the Government had
placed at the projector’s disposal,) look patt in
this commission. The most impoiiant conces
sions made to Don Jose Garay by ihe Mexican
Gov ernment are:
First. Pou’er is granted that he is to fix such
dues or tolls as he deems eligible, and to receive
for years (commencing from the day that com
munication shall have been effected between
the two oceans) all tolls and dues accruing from
transit, both by means of a canal and railroads,
or either, with the condition that one-fourth of
the dues (.after expenses are paid) is to be ad
vanced to lhe Government during the said fifty
years; for this advance the proprietors will be
compensated by the. payment of one-fourth of
all dues received for fifty years after the project
shall have passed into the hands of the Govern
ment. Second. A guaranty is given that for
sixty years no person or company shall have
power to employ any steam vessel or steam car
riage oianv kind within the isthmus of Tehu
antepec, without leave or licence from the said
Don Jose de Garay or his assigns. Third. The
Government'cedes to D ui Jose de Garay in
fee simple thbreadth of ten leagues (thirty
miles)offend on each side ot lhe communica
tion. These lands are ol the first quality, em
bracing numerous points- faypt able lor the con
struction of harbors, towns, villages, &e., and
amonnl to nearly fivemiilionspf acres. Fourth.
The valuable privilege to .purchase fends, &c.,
of establishing colonies to the extent ol
(one hundred and fiftv miles) on each side ot the
lire in addition ; witi i . all rights and privileges
in perfect equality-with Mexican citizens, which
is not granted to other settlers. 'J be present
Government of Mexieol.fs recognised the grants
which forms the. basis of this object. The cele
brated Apag*iJias submitted ft wi’h his own
commendation to d>.s Sciences at
Paris, and it lias been mentioned most favorably
in various learned associations of this country.
By lhe adoption of this project all vessels that
now double Cape Horn from the United Slates
would save upwards of twelve thousand miles
of the distance, and those from Europe eight
thousand in reaching the west coast of Mexico,
proceeding from thenc« to China, &c., and all
vessels bound to the Pacific would not only .save
time but also avoid the dangers of lhe present
navigation By this undertaking, the Oregon
territory, the California*, Mexico, Peru, and
Chili, an extent of eight thousand miles, from
Nuo'ka Bay to Cape Horn, will receive what
may bi termed a new existence. These coun
tries can produce hides, fish, oil, whalebone,
fine wood*, cotton, indigo, coflee, sugar, cocoa,
Hoves, and other spices, cochineal, ivory, furs,
coral, ore of lhe precious metals, &r„ and offer
tor colonization many advantages io capitalists.”
Tl.e project looks weft upon paper, and we
suppose that lhe surveys of scientific and practi
cal men guaranty the feasibility of its execution
upon an outlay ufcapital not more than propor
tionate to lhe prospect of an amply remunerating
income. The co r.mercial importance of lhe
communication is also obvious enough. There
arc various questions, however, which we should
like to have answered before we are quite satis
fied th ;l the project, however well executed,
would work well. Ju whom, and where is lhe
sovereign jurisdiction ot the canal and its con
ijguousshores m be vested? We suppose in
'ln'Government of Mexico. If so, what is to
prevent the closing of this line ol transit to lhe
vessels of any nation with whom she ma” not.
he on terms of friendship ? hi case ol war be
tween France or England and ihc United States,
nr between France and England, or between any
other nowci., what is to prevent one ol lhe
I ol’igerenh- from-blockading lhe points of en
trance of this canal against the other? To be
sure, the entrance ofihe Dardanelles, the Baltic,
and ihe Mediterranean are in the same condi
iion and afford the same means of annoyance
between conflicting nations. But we would
wish t<> guard, it possible, against any addition
io these means of annoyance. We aie willing
io hope, that if this new highway to the com
merce and lhe intercourse of the world be opened,
it may be so arranged 1 y the deliberations ol
phifepft:i‘»pic merchants and patriotic states
men, that it shall never i e lhe cause of strife
and contention, but be the means of uniting in
bonds of good will, friendship, and peace the
various nations, the keels of whose vessels shall
plough its hitherto unexplored waters.
Extensive Forgeries.—Some weeks since,
a Frenchman named Edmund Vill, was arrest
ed in Philadelphia, on a charge of passing a
forged check on the North American Bank, for
and after examination, committed to pri
son. Since then, Lieut. Bulkley, who arrested
Vill, ha* been engaged in procuring informa
tion from New Oileans, Augusta, Savannah,
Richmond, New York and Boston, cl the opera
tions ot these daring and expert forgers. Soon
after Vill’s arrest, a person calling himself 0.
A. d’Anville, alias C. D. Del pit, called to see
him in prison. Being suspected, he was ar
rested, and in his boot were found several *
drafts on different banks in Georgia, S. Caro
lina, Penn’a and Virginia,'all under lhe most
suspicious circumstances. He has been com
mitted. The Philadelphia U. S. Gazette sajs
that “ trom 5 to SB,OOO have been obtained in
different ci'ies by means of these fogerfes or al
terations, and memorandums are now in the
possession of the police ot uiis city, tracing
twenty-five dialts to the above men—some ot
them have been aliered, others defaced, and the
duplicates issued. And others obtained in
Boston, Richmond, Norfolk, Charleston, Sa
vannah, Augusta an I New Orleans, between
the montlis of last March and August.—A’. O.
Tropic.
CniNv—The prcs”nt condition of the
Chinese Empire is ominous ot change, revolu
tion and progress. The native paper publish
ed at Pekin, does not disguise the fact. So
great is the liberty of lhe press in that interest
ing country, ’hat lhe Gazette speaks out boldly
nnd fearlessly on national and State affairs.-
’The reigning Sovereign, Taon Kwang, is quite
old and feeble, and it is said his demise ’-vill be
the signal for a revolution, and as the Gazette
seems tn record with satisfaction a rapid de
crease in lhe Tartar population, we infer that
the Chinese are looking to lhe future with a
hope of being able to regain th-, •’•independence.
Taou Kwang is lhe sixth Emperor of his
family, lhe twenty-second dynasty, which,
after a war of eight years, overthrew the native
sovereignty and ascended the throne in 1649.
The twenty-first or Ming dynasty was founded
in 1368, afm? a war of eleven years, by Chu,
known as Fay-chu, or Fay-tsu, who expelled
the Tartars.*
Drunkards Forbid to Marry.—The Gov
ernment of Waldek, in Germany, has nrohibit
i cd the issuing of a marriage liceme io persons
oi intemperate habits. Just and humane.
rR AMoRNING, OCTOBER ii, I »5.
SATURDAY MORNINCL OCTOBER. L
Mr. Volk’s Tariff Consistency.
The following expose, from the Charleston
“ Afrre'ury” of the hollowness of Mr. Polk’s
professions and the faithlessness of the party in
reference to the tariff, should be rend by every
democrat in the land. Il is indeed a faithful
pic!me, and sketches in bold characters Mr.
Polk’s inconsistency' upon that question.
The article was drawn from the Mercury’ un
der lhe following circumstances’ .The ¥7ash- (
irgion correspondent of the Mercury, up
on what he believed good authority, recently..;
charged that the celebrated “Kane letter/’
was written by Senator Walker, < f Mississippi
who signed Mr.Jtylk’s name thereto w ilhout lhe
knowledge or consent ot Mr. Polk, for lhe pur
pose of getting the support of the Tariff <iemo
crats at the North. Tlje Wasbingion Union
noticed this charge, and updn* the authority of
Mr. Polk and Mr. Walker, pro iron need it “ false
in aV- ils parts” The Union however did n<;t
slop here, but entered upon .a defence of Mr.
Polk’s consistency on>Uie Tariff, and asserted
that he but reiterated.the senrimoDis he had al- [
""H-iininr ' r?» o-i ifej .
p/memy copied ihe aHielc ----- :
-
’fur or tUe A duinistratton. and
Qua Own.—ln the article which we quoted
from the Union yesterday, (saysthe “Mercury,”)
the editor in defending Mr. Polk from ihe
charge of putting forth the letter to Kane at lhe
suggestion of others, says “ President Polk in
that letter, rd'eralcd his opinions on lhe tariff’
—opinions which he had often before publicly
avowed , and upon which he had acted during
the period when he was a member of Congress.”
A claim thus gravely made by the Organ of
the President, in such close connection with the
authorized statements from lhe President him
self, that the “Kane Letief” is in perfect consis
tency with the tenor ot hie past pledges and his
whole public life, is to all intents equivalent to an
announcement that we are to look there for the
principles ard policy of the Administration on
the tariff It is in fact maintaining that the
letter is Mr. Polk’s commentary and interpreta
tion of his past career, and in this light it as
sumes an interest and importance not before at
tached lo it, and in common justice to lhe vast
multitude of anxious inquiries into the probable
course of things, we re-produce what must row
be considered the Confession ot Faith and stand
ard orthodoxy ot the present Administration.
Here it is
THE CELEBRATED “KANE LETTER.”
Columbia, (Tenn.) June 19, 1844.
Dear Sir: I have received recently several
letters in inference lo my opinions on the sub
ject ofihe tariff, at d among others yeurs of the
3<kh ult. My r opinions on this subject have
been often given to tin?.public. They are to be
Lund in my public acts ano in the public dis
cussions in which I have participated.
I am in favor of a tai iff for revenue, such a
fine as will yield a sufficient amount »o the
'i’reasuiy to defray the expenses of the Govern
ment economically administered. Id adjust™"
of a revenue tariff, I have heretofore
sanctioned such r,moderatediscrirninatin"duties as
would produce lhe amount of revenue needed,
and at the same tiele afford reasonable incidental
protection to our home industry. I am opposed
to a tariff, fi r protection merely, and nut for re
volt uc.
Acting upon these general principles, it is
well known that I gave my support to the policy
of Gen.. Jackson’s Administration on this tmb
jeej. 1 vo'ed against lhe ic.riff act of* I
voted for the net of 1832, which contained modi
fienrions of M’rar ts the objectionable provisions
of th” act cl 1828. As a member of the Corn-,
mittee of Ways and .Means ot the House H
1 .xvqmy assent io a bill re
ported bv that Co .initire" in December,
lion Gfthedutica which it proposed. That bill
(! id nos pa ss. btft wass u pe rsedeu by Iheb i 11 co m -
.inonly called lhe Compromise bill, for which I
ved-ed.
"In mv judgment, it is the duty of thd Go
vernment to extend, as tar as it may be practi
cable io do, bn its rrv'-nue law, and all other
means within its power, fair and just protection
to all the interests of the whole Union em
bracing agriculture, manufactures, the mechan
ic arts. commerce and navigation. I heartily
approve the resolutions on this subject passed
by the Democratic National Convention, lately
assembled at Baltimore.
I am, with great respect, dear sir. vonr must
obedient servant, JAMES K. POLK.
John K. Kane, Esq., Philadelphia.
Read, mark and inwardly' divest th? above,
(says the Mercury,) and then tell us, Free-trade
Phalanx ol lhe South, “ whether this be thy
son’s coat, or no.” Perhaps it will throw some
light on ihe question to exhibit the garment
which Mr. Polk claimed to be his own imme
morial covering, when he was a candidate for
Governcrof Tennessee in 1813. Here it is:
“ 7b Ute People- of Tennessee : The object
which I had in proposing lo Gov. Junes, at
Carrollville, on the 12di of April fest, that we
should each write out and publish our views
and opinions on ihe subject ofihe tariff, was
lhatour respective positions might be distinelly
known and understood by the people. That
my opinions were already in’.!y and distinctly
known, I could not doubt. 1 had steadily, during
ihc period 1 was a Representative in Congress,
been opposed to a protective policy, as-mv re
corded voles and public speeches prove. Since
I retired from Congress, I had held tlic same
opinion. In ihe present canvass for Governor,
I had av< wed by opposition to lhe tariff’act ot
the late Whig Congress, as being highly pro
tective in its chaiacter, and not designed by its
authors as a revenue measure. I had avow
ed my r opinion in my public speeches, that lhe
interests < f the country, and especially ol the
piotlncinz and exporiing Slates, required its
i epea I, and the restoration of the principles of
the compromise tat iff act of 1833.
“JAMES K. POLK.”
We take issue (continues the “Mercury,”)
with the as to the consistency of these
two documents, rn I are not afraid to say that
they are, in intent, a palpable contradiction of :
each other. And it was with such avowals as
ihe latter of these document’s makes before them,
that the Bahimore Convention nominated Mr.
Polk for the Presidency. Throughout the South
he was distinctly understood to be a iree-Jtrade
man, favoring no restrictions on commerce save
by a revenue tariff only. Wc never heard—no
one ever heard when the Baltimore Convention
met —of his being in favor of discriminations for
the protection of home industry, er that he was \
only opposed to protection when it excluded re
venue. And we venture to say that if such
opinions had been avowed by him or for him, j
he never could have got the nomination for Pre
sident. It was because such opinions were not .
avowed, and he was supposed to entertain the
very opposite opinions, that he received the no
mination. Texas was the fest blow under
which Mr. Van Buren fell, but it was only' the
last, and effectual only because he and his
friends were supposed by the South to favor the
policy indicated in the Kane Letter—an opinion
first originating in their votes for the tariff of
1842, and confirmed by the Syracuse Resolu
tions put forth by the New York politicians who
nominated Mr. Van Buren for the Presidency.
This “Kane Letter” is substantially the Syra
cuse Resolution on thetariff, and when
no man in the Union capable of appreciating
public affairs but understood, that it was pre
pared and intended for lhe purpose of enabling
the protective portion of the democratic party,
to uphold Mr. Polk in the North as in favor of
their policy. Ostensibly lhe agent in obtaining
I this fetter was Mr. Kane, us Philadelphia, a
| gentleman never heard of before in public af
fairs, although lifted immediately on lhe Presi-
I dent’s, installation in office to lhe distinguished
• and lucrative post of U. S. District Attorney for
j lhe Pennsylvania Circuit. Our readers who
lake an interest in our paper, will remember the
course v. e then pursued. The democratic party
had proved faithless to us on this great vital
point of taxation—first in passing the act 01.
18-12, and secondly in refusing to alter or
it by lite bill brought into the House of Repre
sentatives bv the Chairman of the Commiftee ol
n,ia reanii,Hui.. '■ ic.i:-
tai ve ?>' I’miirai < ! ihe
less aDo tlioughf lb:,’ i“i-
i'.’i- t! e the g.e.>; ■; ice ■>’ i
O:c.lU.u’ ”1 . ”
i '-n e, asPr<'i ■ n'h.i ■, ~
buhl aibl u uiibl -
■ ; 'J > 1 ■ :■ ■ . '■
I) <>e wLo|< ’'tMsfto ib ' I
.ih '
*
~ ; ! ill i :
: ra «!<>■?<■■
. i«i rt
lie.. iaXiliM^^MMb. 11
■' bcapdk!;i' .'
ilto to al lhe
,< la vi: ■ ■'Bi-ganiz
IS ■
been •
Imo pic.'.'er by I
tbeir aHts, ’.voriis, anxious only tb.o
our principles 4tou!ti ulrnnplr by any honorable
insirurnent alito. 'The first thins! we- looked to
alter the electito-wi over, was the action ol the
Deurtieratfc nitty on the 21SI ruler,nd ihe Tariif.
Tlicir hostile iodwe of the previous session was
said tobft by motives of policy pend
ing the Presidential election. The election be
ing over, if i :i.s was not a mere pretext, we
would at leiiglh find them true in Congress.
What was dpne.T Immediately on the meeting
ol the last Congress, the 2lst Rule was repealed.
What next? The Tariff would not move'—
But the President—aye, lhe President was true !
Well—what lias he done to win our confidence ?
First lie dispensed with Mr. Calhoun’s services
from the State Department, and put a leader of
the Protective interest iajiis stead. What next?
The President is his Inaugural gave only a new
version of his Kane Leiter with its incidental
protection. Whet next? From Washington
to Maine, the free trade men—friends of Mr.
Calhoun because free trade—Democrats of un
wavering consistency, are turned out of office,
and the Anti-Texas, Protection, Abolition por
tion of the Democratic party put in their stead.
This certainly was not exactly the corn.nentary
which thefree trade men of South Carolina and
(he South expected, to elucidate the filelily of
the President and his Cabinet to their princi
ples. But this policy, however ominous, and
unjust to those who had aided in the elec'ion of
the President to power, after all, might be con
sidered as limited only to men; It matters not
whois put in or out of office. If tlieAdminis
tration shall be true to the people, on lhe vital
point ol taxation, every man in South Carolina,
at least, would s.renuously uphold it. Govern
ment in its measures, not Government in its offi
ces, is the matter which would attract their
earnest regards, and command their support. It
was clear, however, that such a course with lhe
offices of ihe country, was calculated to damp
the expectations of the free trade party of the
Union, as u> the course of the administration,
ae.d therefore, it '.as utore important that it
skctild S’somein Jtsorgan, distinct, unequivocal
•ground jo layer ot their policy. They have not
done so, butafteya thousand forms ot equivoca
tion, we. ate a;,ia»’.7gravely referred in the very
lest .“Unifiu/’b., sUr, o'.jjk . to Mr Kane,
hscontaining his ojiiotons and policy.
The following fetter, which we copy from tife
Savannah R- publican, .but confirms what we
yesterday b-mdf lii) two highly rcsjKctabie
gentlemen, direct Irwin the Cherokee Circuit.
It becomes qW el'izensto read and reflect:
Staiiti.ing Re&h.opjient.—The letter below,
says the Repul.llenrt, is from the pen of one of
the most tenpdLiable then in middle Georgia.
His statements tan be relied upon as correct in
every particular and we arc authorized to back
them with his name 'if necessary. Verily, “or
ator puff has two tones to his voice.” Mr. Mc
-Vllistor is a great Irani toeleetivnc-er upon Rail
Roads. We hare anriiticr letter before us pen
ned upon the tovhofity of a very respcctalde
renttomnli in HIM'. It slates that “Mr. McAl
lister has been tnakiJig confidential d_iselosur.es
for the purpose iff arousing to conflict personal
and sectional ihtereSs. He has stated that the
Georgia Rail (toad would, if the Whigs have
ihe Legislature, (tn,i this be thinks certain.)
apply lor an extern ton ol their charter to West
Point; and mole Ihqn intimated that it was the
duty ot Whigstinmrfsted in the Central Road
to elect him, nt*t thereby ensure a t'rfg ol such
a in'll. He has gene out West to urge the same
argument,”
Now the w hqlc dllhis eleclionceringscheme,
we ale assured, is 'rased upon a mere fabrice
ii<>r>. The Geteigia Rail Road Company ao-
nouncts thrqusl) its President, Mr. John I*.
King, that it bjs no such object in view as
stated by Mr. jlcAllister— it Iras no v.i-h to
cross the State; and. no means to do so, if a
charter were o'otnined. It however they should
determine to di so, it can easily be accom
plished. A chAr.er -already exists authorizing
the Monroe E. ad to construct a Branch from
any point on its line to West Point. This
charter can be fc -mred by the Georgia Company
perhaps for i<w than it would cost to obtain a
new enc; And it such were not the case, the*
very suggestiol that Governor Crawlord would
be guilty of sacrificing his own State and sea
port, is too absurd to require a moment’s reflec
tion. He is a true patriot nnd an honest man,
and-would do in thing to injure Savannah or
the Central Road, even though it might result
in the upbuilding of Augusta. The men in.
terestedjn the.Centra) Road have long known
George W. Crawford, and they are not igno
rant of him 11 In whom they pm their trust.”
In regard.to the conduct ot his opponent, we
are sorry to say that if these letters state the
tr th. and we believe they do, he has put him
self in a nmst awkward predicament. Ottr read
ers can put thi? atjdlhai together, and they will
have a pretty fair, lesson on the policy of en
couraging any man to become a pilgrim candi
date before, the j-’opie. It is worse than the re
gency system of New York—-it opens the door
to falsehood, and to all sot's of
bargain and i Jis’on the part of the candidates
and the people. • No people can long enjoy a
pure government that will hold ovt a premium
upon trickery, and which puls a man in power
simply became he may have been gibed with an
oily tongue, and' can wear as many faces as
there are interests to be met. Let the triends
of good government unite at. once, and put down
both the system and its author. The sooner it
is done the better:
Correspondence Savannah Republican.
Marietta, Sept. 25, 1815.
AJrss’S. Lorbc 4'D-sf'S-—• was very much
surprised,being in the Northwestern portion of
the State a tew days since, to hear some of Mr.
McAllister’s warmest friends electioneering for
him upon the ground that lie (Mr. McAllister)
was opposed to the final completion ot the West
ern and Atlantic Railroad to Ross’ Lauding or
Chattanooga. Mr. McAllister has taken an ex
tensive and general electioneering tour through
this section of the Stat '. He has visited, it is
believed, eveiy county in Cherokee. It is be
lieved, in fact I know it to be so, that a .great
many ot the people of Murray and Cass, (and
it is said to be so as to Walker) and the other
Northwestern counties, are opposed to carry
ing the Railroad farther than Oostenauia, or
the junctionct the Connasauga and Coosawat
tee Rivers, being about twenty miles Southwest
• Spring Place, in Murray. I was at Spring
Place about two week's ago. in company with
Dr. John £>. Smith of Monroe county, and
stopped at Mr. Edmondson’s Hotel. Mr. Ed
mondson is a very clever man, and voted tor
Gov. Crawford in 1813, but said to Dr. Smith
and mvselt that he should vote now against
Gov. Crawtbrd, and for Mr. McAllister. 1
asked him it Mr. Crawford had not made a
wise, judicious andecononiical administration
of the Government. Me said yes. But, said
be, Mr. McAllister suits us upon the subject of
ihe Railroad; he is opposed to carrying the
Road farther than Oosienaula, or at farthest,
Cross Plains. 1 asked him bow he knew. His
reply was---” He (Mr. McAllister) has been
here, and I asked him. I was particular to have
it frmi him, ihat he vra^Opposed. to connecting
the Road to Tennessee River.”
Now, as 1 came down on my way home to
Middle Georgia, where I reside', 1 stopped atan
othergood Democrat’s house. who was in favor
of a completion ot the Road to Chattanooga.
told him what l*ad learned al Spring Place.
Hesaid Mr. McAlliMer had been at his house—
was a smart man, and knew how to talk—but
assured me that Mr. McAllister would use Ins
influeuee to carry the Road to Chattanooga.
Now, gentlemen, 1 have no personal acquain
tance with Mr. McAllister, nor with you, but
it seems strange to me, how a high-minded up
right candidate can practice such duplicity.
That Mr. McAllister professed in Murray to
be opposed to the prosecution ol the State Road
farlherlhan Oostanaula orCrr.ss Plains, I have
not a doubt; that he plainly indicated in Cobb
that he was favorable to carrying it on to Chat
tanooga, I have as little doubt. II such be the
fam, what reliance can be placed in him it elect
ed? 1 know not what Mr. McAllister’s views
are in reality, or what they arc represented to b<*
on lira coast,but it ha« occutred to me that there
might be more double-dealing going on than
the good people of lhe .seaboard was aware
of. It may he Mr. McAllister is willing to
atone for the ungenerous charge he made upon
Northwestern Georgians of favoring Aboli
tionism by adhering to lhe wishes of some of
them to arrest the prosecution ol lhe work on
the State Road, and thereby keep away from
the coast and Middle Georgia the products ot
Tennessee, to prevent their competing with
thosex>fCherokee. Yours, &c.
A Spbclao Eukction in New Jersey.—Gov.
Slratton, of New Jersey, has issued a procla
mation for lira election of a member of Congress,
in lira place of S. G. Wright, deceased. The
During the quarter endiflg Si?pfemf>?r;'lß4s,
there were manufactured in Kanawha County,
Virginia, 092,857 bushels of Salt.
t-j-The products of the Russian mines last
year were 9,000 pounds of fine gold, valued at
600,000,000 francs, or about $120,000,000; also,
2,000 pounds of platina, valued at $28,000,000
francs, or about $6,000,000. Two thirds ofihe
mines belong to the Government.
Correspondence of lhe North. American.
New-York, Sept. 29, P. M.
The Railroad talk in the city has at last led
to something practical. Contracts have been
made for 24 miles ot the Ilarltrm extension lo
Albany, and 1000 men potto work. Twenty
miles more, and lhe Housatonic can be tapped,
which will bring Albany within seven hours in
the winter. The Erie books close to-morrow
night, and the directors take the balance ofihe
stock. Men are already at work along the
line, and the road will be prosecuted with ener-
gy-
It is now pretty well ascertained that the
Mackenzie book was printed in this city’, and
edited entirely by Mackenzie. Examinations
are going on to-day of leading politicians and
office holders, but there has been little of inte
rest elicited. The general opinion is that Mac
kenzie alone knows anything ot the affair—that
the law, although it may interfere, has no right
to do so, and that no punishment can he inflicted
for copying the letters.
The business of lhe Episcopal Convention
is proceeding without any of that acrimony
observed on Saturday. A spirit of conciliation
prevails, and there is no doubt the session will
close to-morrow. As I have before intimated,
the result of lhe action on the Bishop’s case will
be, a salary while suspended, and an assistant
Bishop for the diocese. The doings have been
and still are the subject of much remark in all
circles, and a satisfactory settlement of the
vexed question much to be desired by all.
P. S.—The Episcopal Convention having
taken a vote on a question relative to the change
ol a canon, to suit lhe present emergency—re
fusing in effect to alter the present relative posi
tion of the standing Committee, as regards the
Bishop, in exercising the functions of the of
fice— adjourned til! this evening. Then will
come up lhe grand questions -1. As to the elec
tion of an Assistant Bishop. 2. Tire compensa
tion, :f any, for the suspended Bishop.
The revenue at this port last week was
$338,269 04; an increase of S7OOO over the
week previous. The export ot specie was
$22,000 to Havre.
The details ot the census ot the city ol New
York, recently taken, are given in the Morning
News. The total population of the city proper
is now .'<66,786, showing an increase td'Al.o7s
since 1840. Compared with the leading cities
:>i the York now. takes rank as the
"sdyrFj'antl stiuids Its frfffotvs:
tbndmi 2.sWt.uq__J 1 -—■ -
Paris JjJE-ytrTTTSW.tXXI Dublin Stn.nOO
a-*TrT*t7eisbnrp 583,000 Amsterdam ‘2l. >7,000
ConMatitiiiople.... 550,00*1 Madrid *200,000
New Y0rk365,185 Lyons2oo,ooo
Vienna36o,ooo H0me148,903
M05c0w305,631 Mexicolso,ooo
8er1in290,797 Edinburghl33,692
Hamburghlls,ooo Havanall2,ooo
11avie25,618 Bordeaux,9s,ll4
Tira population of London proper, it will be
seen, is but 125,(108, but with suburbs amounts
to 2,560,281. The suburban population of
many of lhe other cities of Europe is included
in the returns. • If we embrace Brooklyn as the
suburbs of New York, which it really is, in'-s
--niticlt as its population is composed of those
who do business in New York, and move over
there for convenience—the population ot Brook
lyn being now 59,925 —the population of New
York, proper would amount to 426,110 soul-t,
and give New York Ihc filth rank in lhe com
mercial world.— N. Y. Can-.
From Bermuda.— By. th" brig Princess Roy
al wehave the Bermuda Herald of’be ISih. it.
stales tint no less than seven walerspouls were
visible from Inland island on one afternoon.
The. first was much the largest. It is said to
have fallen perpendicularly from the clouds,
and stood like an erect column, with its boun
daries sharply and distinctly defined, and taper
ing gently to the bottom. Within the column
there seemed to some ol the observers a spiral
motion turning trom left to light, or in a direc
tion contrary to the bands ofa watch, and in a
circle restricted within the boundary of the
column; this motion was not active enough to
disturb the perpendicularity of the column, or
to agitate the external vapour of which it was
Composed.
From California.—Accounts from Monte
rey, California, to June 17, state that the Mexi
can Government was about to send a Goveror
and 2,800 men to California to preserve that
part of the Republic from being dismembered.
Captain Bb-phen Smith, a passenger from
Boston in the ship California, which had arrived
on the coast, proceeded soon alter to San Blas.
He was abont to return to Monterey, and had
embaiked on board the schooner Julia Ann,
now under the Mexican flag, when he was
taken out of the vessel by an armed force, on
account ot a rumor that he had furnished arms
and ammunition to the disaffected party in
California, w liose object is said to be the over
throw of the Mexican power in that country.
Certificates had been forwarded from Monterey,
from the custom-house,the United StatesCol
snl, and the agents ol the ship California, to the
effect that there were no arms brought by the
ship, excepting what belonged to her proper
armament. There can be no doubt that Capt.
Smith would be released on the receipt of these
documents.— Boston Daily Advertiser.
Messrs. William Greg, H. Hutchinson, and
otheis, will apply to the Legislature ot South
Carolina, at its next session, for a charter ol a
company for manufacturing purposes. We
learn that they will establish a factory near
Hamburg In all probability, they will make a
safe investment of their capital.— Edgefield Ad
vertiser.
O’There is a good deal of unction in the
following narrative trom a Canadian paper.
1 he heroine ol the story had been lhe wife
of onl r three husbands! 'lfwe do not mistake,
the N. Y. Journal of Commence is lhe paper
which reproduces the particulors ot v hat may
be deemed almost scandalous in some quarters.
Lady Gage, the wife ot the first baronet, Sir
John, ancestor of Viscount Gage, when first a
widow, was only seventeen, beautiful and rich.
She was courted by her three husbands, Sir
George Frer.chard, Sir John Gage, and Sir
William Hervey, at the same time; and to ap
pease a quarrel that had arisen respecting her
betweea them, she threatened her everlasting
displeasure lo the fust that should be the ag
gresssor; which, as she had declared for neither,
by balancing their hopes against each other,
adding good humoredly, that if they would
keep the peace and have patience, she would
have them al! in their turns, which singularly
enough did happen.
What pleasant times her ladyship must have
bad in talking over with her last partner their
mutual reminiscences about the dear departed 1
“ Gage, love, do you remember that evening
when poor Fienchard was so miffed because 1
insisted on playing picquet with you instead of
letting him hand me out on the balcony to See
lhe effect of moonlight on the fb: vers?"
“ Perfectly well, my dear, I did not fear
Frenchard then, but poor Hervey leaned upon
the back of your chair with such lond familiar
ity, that I twice played the wrong card in my
agitation.”
“Yet those were pleasant limes, love—life
was ro fresh with all ol ns’”
Very pleasant, very fresh—only you ought
to have let us tight and taken lhe survivor. I
might then have escaped this confounded gout.”
The extensive bagging factory of Mr. Thom
as H. Noble, at Lexington, Ky., was entirely
consumed by fire last week, together with all
the machinery. Loss heavy.
MONDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 6.
The New York and Eric Railroad subset ip- ;
tion only lacked »150,000 on Wednesday to
complete the required amount of ©3,000,000.
No less than $1,700,000 have been subscribed
by the dry goods interest.
JjJ’Tbe amount of Treasury Notes outstand
ing on the Ist instant, it is officially stated, was
$687,614.18.
Episcopal Convention.—The New-York
correspondent ofihe Philadelphia North Ame
rican, tinderdate of the Ist. inst., says:—"The
Episcopal Convention has at last adjourned,
leaving every thing as they found it, except au
thorizing the standing committee to perlorm
various duties, and among others to procure
the services of Bishops to perform lhe service of
the Church until the ‘ House of Bisbops’ take
further action. The Convention closed with
the greatest harmony.”
Anti-Renters.—The gross violations ot law
and order committed by the Anti-Renters in va
rious parts ol the Stale of New York are likely
lo be pimishssLwith approprrate.Eeverity. Ore
ihuinpftir't’-riifnfTffs iiaiuml fije."
SA'- The Lexington Inquirer of the 20th ult.,
says:—“ We learn that at the lime of putting
our paper to press, ten of the committee ap
pointed by the meeting in thiscity on the 18th,
to remove the office of the True American,
were on trial before the city court.”
Matters.—The Boston Post says:—
Our banks are also increasing their capital, as
the increasing commerce and trade ol our city
needs a more extended accommodation. The
Merchants’ has already voted to add another
half million to its capital, and the State will, at
its annual meeting, consider the expediency of
an addition to its existing capital, which is
$1,800,000. Bank dividends will show a good
average, asthe last six months have given them
full and lucrative employment, without any
losses of consequence, and a returning confi
dence is now shown in these once dreaded in
vestments. For this year at least, the surplus
or unemployed capital in this city and State is
pretty well bespoken by those enterprises and
engagements already contracted; and if we ean
squeeze out enough to fill the Ogdensburg sub
scription, the balance in hand will be very
small.
The Mormon Troubles in Illinois.—At
lhe last accounts the Mormons had the ascen
dancy in the disturbed district, and were faj
more numerous, better armed and more com
pletely disciplined than their opponents. They
were driving the anli-Mormons out of Hancock
county, and had entered Carthage and Warsaw
without the least resistance or molestation.
The St. Louis Republican ofihe 24th ult. says:
All the anti-Mormons, apparently panic strick
en, have given way before their enemy, and
have placed the Mississippi between them and
danger. What next will be done, it is hard to
say; but, unless the anti-Mormons are greatly
reinforced, and take more active and decided
measures against their sworn enemy, the power
of the Mormons must be more firmly established
in Hancock than ever.
The Republican adds:
It is understood here, that Gov Ford, of Illi
nois, refused to take any measures whatever to
put an end to these disturbances, expressing his
determination to let them fight it out. This
may be very prudent conduct on lhe part of Gov.
Ford, but it is unworthy of an Executive officer,
and disgraceful to the State. It is, moreover, an
abandonment of his sworn duly, lor which, as
it affects seriously our republican institutions,
he should be held to a strict accountability.
A meeting of lhe citizens of Quincy county,
miro™, w»rtß be"heht on the 22<i ult, with a
view of bringing nltofit If nossible-nn
inert of the difficulties.
The Republican of the 25th ult., received
since the above was put in type, says that Gov.
Ford had abandoned his first intention, and is
sued a proclamation, calling out the militia.
Tlm American Railroad Journal says: “The
present indications in the iron trade are that
prices must advance. The adjournment of lhe
British Parliament has by no means abated the
growing spirit lor new railways. It is well said
by a writer in the Mining Journal that ‘the im
petus for railway making has been given, and
nothing will check it until every town in lhe
kingdom is accessible by a railway.’ Ofcourse
the iron business must be greatly increased. It
is estimated by the same writer ihaltwothousand.
miles ol railroad will be chartered by the next,
an.! one thousand miles by the succeeding Par
liament, and that consequently there will be an
increased demand during lhe next three years
lor 2,855,000 tons of iron, or 950,000 tons per
annum for home consumption ! Who can es
timate the comforts which this new enterprise
will give to lhe laboring community ? It gives
new life to business in ways innumerable. It
is said that 1,233,000 tons <>firon will be required
in the year 1848 for railroads in England atone;
to supply which will employ 100,000 laborers
and consume 13,000 tons of ore and 20,000 tons
ot coal perday duringthe year. Twice as many
laborers and mechanics will be employed
in the construction of the works, and machinery
required on them when completed, besides those
engaged in new enterprises growing out of the
construction of these railroads. It is difficult
indeed to define the limit ol their influences up
on the people and country. The results must
be seen to be realized. Even (he boldest specu
lator upon future events hardly dares give utter
ance to—the truth, as it will become— his imagi.-
nation, as would now be considered.”
Anecdote or Com. Decatur.—The follow
ing good anecdole of the gallant Decatur, is re
lated in lhe Scplember number of the United
Slates Nautical Magazine.
“ Before the war, Captain Carden and the
Macedonian were al Norfolk; Decatur was
there, too, and a warm intimacy soon joined in
friendship two kindred hearts. While discus
sing naval allairs one day, Carden said,
‘ Decatur, your ships are good enough, anti you
area clever set of fellows; but what practice
have you bail in war? there’s the rub. One of
these days we will probably have a ‘brush’
together and if 1 catch your ship at sea, 1 will
knock her into a cocked hat, Stephen.’ ‘Will
you?’ says Decatur; I will bet. a hat on it.’
The bet was agreed on, and lhe conversation
changed.
“ But a tew months elapsed ere the war that
had been threatening commenced, and the two
captains, by some singular coincidence, met—
The results of the action are known. Captain
Carden, on going on board of the United Stales,
was received bv a lieutenant at the gangway,
to whom he tendered his sword. ‘ Not to me,
sir,’ said the officer, ‘ but to the Captain.’ ‘ And
where is the Captain?’ said the embarrassed
Englishman. ‘He is standing aft there; that
is lhe gentleman, sir, in a tarpaulin hat and
round jacket.’
“Carden went aft, anl his leelings on meet
ing, under such circumstances, his old friend,
may be imagined. As he offered his sword to
Decatur, that officer said, ‘ No, Carden, I never
lake the sword of a brave man ; you have fought
gallantly. But,’ said he, laying his hand on
the other’s shoulder, ‘I wil! take that hat, mj*
dear fellow.’
“In transferring to the United States the
suite ot Capt. Carden, a line band was included.
In the afternoon, when the dinner was an
nounced in the cabin, Cant. Carden said to
Decatur, ‘these musicians are very skilful, and
I have always had them on deck while at my
dinner.’ ‘Very well,’ said ‘Decatur we will
have them up.’ The band was ordered on deck
to play, and Com. Decatur was asked what air
he would like to hear. ‘ Let them play Britan
nia Rules the Waves,’ said he, with a sly
laugh.”
Population of Louisville.—We learn from
Mr. Jegli, who has been taking the censu- of
Louisville, that the present population of the
city proper is 37,218. The number ol dwelling
houses and stores, now finished is about
The progress ol onr city, as exhibited by this
census, can hardly fail to surprise the citizens
themselves. — Journal.
The odors developed by electricity and light
ning having heretofore escaped investigation,
Prof Schanlein has been employed in inquiries
respecting them torsix years past. He has found
the same in electrizing water, anti from the
electrical brush. This odor is acted upon by
certain electric.'l influences and by heat. He
has succeeded in producing an “ordomzed at
mosphere,” by which many chemical < ffi-eis
are ptoduced, among which is its power ot
inT like chlorine! Metals in a minute state
instantly destroy the principle and become oxy
genized. lodine i» changed by it into iodic
acid phosphorus into phosphoric acid, fee. Its
constitution, he thinks, isomeric with peroxide
hydrogen.
Horticultural Festival.
The Fairs ol the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society are said, by those who have witnessed
them, to be the most brilliant and splendid exhi
bitions of that character in this country, attract
ing immense crowds ol delighted visitors of all
classes and ranks in society for several conse
cutive days. Not the least entertaining part ol
the delightful ceremonies on these occasions is,
we imagine, the Festival, where meet around
the social board tl e patrons and members of the
society, ail desirous to contribute their mite to
render each successive Festival more entertain
ing and interesting. That the late Festival was
distinguished lor these traits we are quite sure,
and we«iinkour readers will concur with us,
after a taste of its quality from the annexed
bouquet which we have culled from its many
sweets:
The Chair having announced lhe following
toast, which wa« enthusiastically received: —
“ Our late JMiniAcr In the Court of St. James —
We honor him as a scholar, we respect him as
a statesman, and we love him as a noble speci
men of thS irnils of New England culture.”—
(Loud cheering.)
The Hon. Edward Everett, in reply said; .
Hr, Pic.>idenl, budles uwl Oentlemcn:~-l am
I iui vc fu'Dg - "iKni'tfic hoftor ol befit
though a very unprofitable one,—that lhe first
voice of salutation which reached me ou return
ing home, proceeded from them. Our respected
fellow-citizens, Messrs. Josiah Bradlee and
Stephen Fairbanks, on their morning stroll
through East Boston, weie good enough, before
1 had set loot on terra firma, to convey to me
your kind invitation; and here, fellow-citizens
and friends, amidst this attractive display ol the
bounties and beauties of nature; surrounded by
so many of those who most adorn and honor
the community; drinking in the breath of sweet
flowers and the sweeter breath of friendly
voices, I have the happiness, after a long ab
sence, to stand in your presence, anti to enjoy
the honor of your welcome. (Applause.)
I regret that I am so little able to thank you
io a proper manner. I have been so lately rock
ing upon tt.e Atlantic, whose lullaby is not al
ways of lhe gentlest—that I am hardly fit for a
rocking in the “Old Cradle of Liberty,” to
which your kind note of this morning invited
me. I almost unconsciously catchat the table
to steady myself, expecting that the flowers and
fruits will fetch wav in some lee-lurch, and even
the pillars of Old Faneuil Hall, —not often
found out of the true plumb line, —seem to reel
over my head. But as I look around and be
hold so many well remembered countenances,
and as I listen to the friendly cheers with which
you are so kind as to receive lhe announcement
of my name, 1 feel at length that I atn indeed at
home.
Something of this grateful feeling has been
for some days growing upon my mind. We
seemed almost to have reached the goal, when
we found ourselves a week ago on the edge of
ths Grand Bank; we were in soundings in A
merican waters, and in lhe ancient and favorite
field of New England industry. The shores ot
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia as we coasted
along them, seemed to have a claim upon us as
a part of our native continent, and made us feel
that we had at length crossed the world-dividing
deep:—and when about sunrise this morning,
after stretching down from Halifax against a
stiff southwester, I beheld Cape Ann light-house
at a dim and misty distance, 1 must say that I
thought it one of the most beautiful pieces of
architecture I ever beheld. I do not know to
what particular order it belongs, nor the propor
tion ofihe height lo lhe diameter. And as to
the ornaments of the capital, Mr. President,
whether they are acanthus or lotus, or any ether
flower in your conservatory, I am quite unable
tosay; but this I will say, that after seeing
many of lhe finest buildings in the old world
and the new, I came to the conclusion, at about
six o’clock this morning, that Cape Ann light
house beat them all I—(Great applause.)
It would be impossible, sir, to describe lhe
emotions awakened in my mind by thedifierent
objects on the well known coast, as we dashed
rapidly up the. bay,—borne on the iron wings of
steam, till at Jqsl the welcome sight of Bos’on
burst upon me, as she sits enthroned between
her sister heights, presenting to me, as it were,
within lier lantily embrace and immediate vi
the place of birth and the”TS?V;Is n ot J rny
childhood, the scene.*of my education and early
life, lhe resting place of my fathers, everything,
in short, which a lender atid dutiful patriotism
comprehends in the sacred name of home.
Ladies and gentlemen, I cannot say much lo
you this evening. I need repose, bodily and
mental, and would gladly find it in listening to
lhe eloquent voices of those around me, Some
painlul feelings crowd upon me. I heard at
Halifax the mournful news oi the event which
has deprived us this evening of the presence of
one, whose countenance was the light ol every
circle he entered ; whose death will be felt, not
in America alone, as a public calamity ;—from
whose long-tried friendship I had promised tny
selfa cordial welcome on my return. Allow
me, sir, the gratification and solace of being a
listener; and let .me only express the hope, that
after more than five years absence, during
which period, time, I dare say, has been doing
his work on the outer man, you will find lhe in
ner man unchanged in al! that you ever honor
ed with your indulgent and friendly regard, and
to assure you that I return with no wish or am
bition but to engage with you in lhe perform
ance of the duties of a good citizen; in the hope
of sharing with you the enjoyment of lhe pros
perity, with what a gracious Providence has
been pleased to bless the land in which we live.
The Chair having subsequently announced—
" 7Vra Marshfield. F’urvter—' All head in
counsel, all wisdom in speech’—always ready
to defend the soil, and to make the soil more
worth defending.”
The Hon. Daniel Webster then rose and said,
Cadies and Gentlemen—Them are far belter
fatmers in Marshfield than 1 am, but as I see
noneot litem present, I suppose 1 am bound to
take lite compliment to myself.
Mr. President, I had the honor of partaking
in the origin and organization of this Society,
and yon will bear me witness that it was then a
dear and cherished object to me, and 1 may add
that among those whoeo-operated in that organ
ization no ore was more assiduous or effective
than that great man whose departure lias just
been so feelingly alluded to. It has so happen
ed that since that time, the circumstances and
pursuits of my life have rendered it impossible
lor me to be present at many of your meetings,
vet 1 have seen with pleasure and delight the
continued progress oi the institution.
Mr. President, as it has been said from lite
Chair and in the sentiments around thu table,
it is our fortune in New England to live beneath
a somewhat rugged skv. and till a somewhat
hard and unyielding earth ; but something of
hardness, of unlavorablc condition and circum
stances, seem necessary to excite human genius,
labor ar.d skill, and bring forth the results most
useful and honorable to man. 1 greatly doubt
whether all the luxuriance of the tropics and all
that grows under the fervid sky ol lhe equator
can equal the exhibition of the flowers made to
day atnirt these Northern latitudes. Here, there
is all lhe brilliancy of color and all the gorgeous
display of tropical regions—but there, the dis
play is made in swamps and jungles abounding
in noxious reptiles; it is not ihe result of culti
vation, taste and human labor working on the
capacity of Nature.
Sir, 1 congratulate you that our flowers are
not
“born lo b'.u&h unseen
And wane their sweetness on the desert air.”
The botany we cultivate, the productions of
the business of horticulture, lhe plants of lhe
garden are cultivated wilh us, by hands as deli
cate as their own tendrils, viewed by counte
nances as spotless and pure as their own petals,
and watched by eyes as brilliant and full of
lustre as their own beautiful exhibitions of
splendor. (Applause.)
Horticulture is one pursuit ot natural
science in which all sexes, ages and degrees of
education and refinement unite. Nothing is
too polished to see the beauty of flowers, no
thing too rough to be capable of enjoying them.
It attracts, gratifies and delights all. It seetns_
to be a common field where every degree of
taste and refinement may unite and find oppor
tunies fortheir gratification.
Mr. President, 1 will take the occasion to ac
cord to the sentiment ol the honorable Secre
tary of the Cotnmonwealth; and congratulate
you on the return of our worthy friend who
Iras just spoken. IL’ finds here no enemy, and
in the exhibition "f tl' e talent which lie pos
sesses. of Ins classical learning and-his popular
oraior'v, lie finds only one rival, but a verj’ dan
"erotts one; if he maintains the competition
with that rival he lias nothing to fear, and that
rival is his own reputation..
Mr. President, we who belong to the class ol
farmers, are compelled to bring nothing but our
applause to those whose taste, condition and po
sition, enable them to contribute these horticul
tural excellencies which we see around us.—,
But the honor belongs to the Stale, and 1 shall
not trespass beyond the bounds of reason and
justice, it I say that there could nowhere—no
mhere—be a more perfect and tastefol exhibition
of horticultural products than wc have witness
ed in this town the present week. Let this good
work speed. May this useful ami good work go
on prospering and to prosper. And as we live in a
VOL.IX.-K0.41.
country which produces a race of hard-working
men, and the most useful fruits of the earth, so
let us show every, year that it is not less pro
ductive of beautiful flowers—as it certainly w
not of graceful hands to wreathe and entwine
them. (Applause.)
“ The Genealogical Tree —An exotic from the
shores of old England. New England will al
ways cherish it while it produces a Win
throp.”
The Hon. Robert C. Winthrop was called
up by the foregoing toast, and replied as fol
lows:
I am greatly honored Mr. President, by the
sentiment which you have just offered, and 1
beg the ladies and'gentlemen before me te ac
cept my most graletul acknowledgements for
the kindness and cordiality wilh which they
have responded to it. I heartily wish that the
compliment were better deserved. 1 wish that
even in reference to matters ot Horticulture, 1
had done more to keep up the credit of that old
Genealogical Tree. One of your Anniversary
Orators told us some years ago, if I rememlter
rightly, that among the earliest records of fruit
in this neighborhood, was the account ot “a
good store of pippins,” which was forthcoming
upon some occasion from Governor Winthrop’s
garden. It would be thought no great things
to rsfee a vwd store of pippins now-a-day», 1
suppose. JJut two hundred years ago it »“'«
have been something‘ ,fan
Song,” supposed to have been wrlttea in lor?
or thereabouts, which gives us as amusiag la- l~
sight into the Horticultural labors »f those /
early days, and shows us what product* at the ,
soil were mainly relied upon both for refresh- •-<.
ment and nourishment. Owe of the versos is
in this wise:
“Tnitlead of pnttaes and puddings and cu-lards nod piaa.
Onr pnmphins and parsnips are common oopplisa ;
We have pumpkins at morning and pumpkins at nooo.
If it were not lor pnmpkiuo we should be undone ”
Nor did the praises of the pumpkins ead
here. Our Fatbets seemed to havo found it an
ingredient of one of their choicest drinks, as
well as the material r.f so much of their more
solid food. They had no grapes from which
“toclush the sweet poison of misused wine;"
and yet, with all their other virtues, they do not
appear to have learned how to carry through
a feast, as we are now doing, upon cold water.
Another verse of the old song says :
“ If barley ba wanting to make into mall.
We must be contented and think it no fault ;
Por we can make liquor lo sweeten our lips,
Os pumpkin* and parsnipe and walnat tree chipa.”
That must have been a lip-sweetener indeed,
Mr. President! We have all heard of bran
bread; and even saw dust has not been without
its commendations in some quarters as a valna
ble esculent; but neither the Genius of Tempe
rance nor of Dyspepsia has ever in our time,
conceived the idea of extracting an agreeable
beverage from pumpkins and parsnips and
walnut, tree chips!
All this, Mr. W. said, went to prove that it
was something ot a Horticultural exploit on
the part of his ancestor, to raise a good store of
pippins. It was one at any rate, with which
some of the younger branches of the Genealo
gical Tree had nothing to compare. He could
not even exhibit that variety of apples—the
onlv sort which the Society had not abundant
ly furnished to our hand—ihose “ apples of
gold set in pictures of silver” which the wiso
man of old had given as the synonyme of “a
word in season;” a synonyme of which he was
always reminded, when listening to the golden
words and silver tones of the distinguished
friend, whom they had just welcomed home
from England.
Mr. W. said there was a time when be might
have claimed some fellowship wilh lhe cultiva
tors of the soil. He had once eaten the pro
duce of his own dairy; but the experiment by
no means proved that he knew which side hi*
bread was buttered, and he was glad to fall
back on lhe excellent supplies of his friend
Hovey.
He had never cultivated flowers—not even
the flowers of rhetoric ; and as to lhe sentimen
talities ot the subject, Mrs. Caudle had quite
exhausted them in a single sentence of one of
her last lectures, where she told her husband
how “She was born for a garden! There’s
something about it makes one feci so innocent!
My heart always opensand shuts at roses."
Yet though he might not employ either lhe
language of sentiment or of science, Mr. W.
thanked heaven ibat-hexould feel as deep an
processes and technicalities which belonged to
it. It was one of ihe great glories ol snch an
exhibition that it yielded delight to every eye,
and touched a chord in every heart. There
was ncthingexclusive about Nature. She was
no respecter ol persons. The rose and lhe
honeysuckle smelt as sweet to the village beg
gar, as they did to Victoria; and the most
scientific cultivator whose name adorned these
walls, had no more relish for his luscious olnsf.
ers, than those of us who hardly knew a Swaet
water from a Black Hamburg.
Nor did these exhibitions appeal only to the
eye and to the senses. As he was visiting the
new and beautilul rooms of lhe Society this
morning, Mr. W. said he could not help recall
ing some associations of a time,—mere years
ago than be might care to coafess ia that pre
sence,—when he was climbing tht stairways
over that spot upon another errand and in dif
ferent character, —“with satchel and shining
morning face, creeping hkea snail unwillingly
to school.” Norcoukl lie forbear regretting at
first, that the site should have been diverted from
the exalted purposes to which it had been so
long devoted. But it needed onlv lor him to
enter the hall, and give a moment’s time tor lhe
moral of the scene to impress itself oa his mind,
to lose all such regrets; to feel that the Genius
of the place had not departed: that education
was still going on there ; education for the heart
as well as for the understanding; a moral edu
cation, without which lhe mere learning of tire ’
schools would be hardly belter, thau lhe knowl
edge which our first parents derived from the
forbidden tree.
The day had gone by (Mr. W. said,) when
the dissecting knife ol the economist could be
permitted to make one of its merellewi ents be
tween utility and beauty. It the progress of
invention had taught us lo see something of
beauty in mure utility, lhe progress ol humani
ty had taught us, also, to find a great deal ot
utility in mere beauty. Noone, at any rate,
would dare to disparage the intrinsic value of
beauttj, before such an audience as he was then
addressing.
Shakspeare had, indeed, pronounced it to be
wasteful and ridiculous excess “to paint the
lily or throw a perfume on lhe violet.” And so
it would he. Nature had displayed some mas
ter works, which man could not improve. The
violets had been called “sweet as the lids of
Juno’s eyes, or Cytherea’s breath ;” and of the
lilies, it had been divinely said, that “Solomon
in all his glory, was not arrayed like one ot
these.” Both bar! already a grace beyond ths
reach ofart. Butto multiply lhe varieties us
fruits and flowers; lo increase their abundance,
and scatter them with a richer profusion along
lhe waysides of life; to improve their quality,
and coloring, and fragrance, wherever, it was
possible to do so; this, the great poet of Nature
would have been ihe last person to call wasteful.
Its utility would only be questioned by those
who counted it useless to extend the range ot in
nocent recreation and virtuous enjoyment; use
less, lo brighten and strengthen the chain of
sympathy, which binds man toman; or use
less, to excite a fresher or more freqoeat glow
of grateful admiration in the human breast to
wards the Giver of all good! No one could
take an afternoon’s ride along any pert oi our
environs, and witness the beautiful lawns and
flower gardens which encircle, as with emer
alds and rubies, the neck ol our beloved city,
without feeling that he was inhaling something
better than mere fresh air and fragrant per
fume, and physical health; nor without mug
ling with other and holier teelinga, a tribute of
gratitude to the skilful cultivators by whom
these improvements bed been carried oa.
Mr. W. concluded by offering the following
sentiment, which he trusted Ibe late MinfsW
to the Celestial Empire, athis elbow, weuldnet
construe into any depreciation ol his success
ful services:
“ Jlnrliculture— It has done what diplomatic
negotiation and desperate valor have aftempted
in vain,—it has penetrated to the very heart ol
the Central Flowery Kingd.'m, and brought
away its richest spoils.” (Great app’ause.)
The President then gave—
“ The Central Flowery Nation of China V, e
welcome lhe man who lias united by closer Iles
ilie gardens ol the East and the gardens ol the
Wesf.”
The Hon. Caleb Cvsuino replied as fol
lows :
Mr, President, Cadies and Gentlemen I pray
you to accept my most hearty acknowledgments
for the favor and indulgence wilh which you
have given and received ihe sentiment just an
nounced—still more for lhe privilege 1 have en
joyed of witnessing your beautiful «bibitioa,
arid above all, for the opportunity yon have
afforded me ot being present at this intellectiial
feast, and of joining with you in your cordial
and affectionate welcome of onr eminent coan
iryman and your fellow townsman ; to whom,
allow tneto embrace litis opportunity, tiat ■Bst
that has ckfered, of tendering my warnms
thanks lor important, and even indispensable
services, which in the midst of his own impor
tant and almost overwhelming official duties,
he found time to extend lo me at the antipodes.