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History of the Violin.
The violin has been tlie result ot a beautiful
series of improvements in the art of producing
musical sounds Irom strings. The rudest
stringed instrument was the testudo or lyre, the
sounds of which were produced by striking with
the finger, strings in a stale of tension, the
pitch of eachsound being regulatedby the length
or thickness of the string. Sometimes the
strings, instead of the finger, were struck with
the pleclrum, or piece ot wood or other hard
matter; but this we can hardly call an improve
ment, as the tone of the modern mandoline, which
is produced by means of a plectrum of quill, is
not so agreeable as that of the guitar. A great
improvement, however, was the introduction of
the sounding-board; the tone of the instrument
being thus produced by the vibration of the
wood, instead of, as formerly, the mere vibra
tion of the string, and being thus incomparably
more lull and resonant. This most probably
constituted the difference between the tcslndo
and the cithara, or harp, of the ancients. The
next great improvement in stringed instruments
consists in giving them a neck or finger-boanl,
by means of which the same string, pressed by
the fingers at different points, was 'enabled to
give a series of different notes. This improve
ment was first embodied in the instruments ot
the lute species. The lute is believed to have
been originally an eastern instrument, and to
have been imported by the Moors into Spain.
The lute is, or rather w as—for it has almost
disappeared—an instrument of a most elegant
form, with a beautifully turned convex back,
tapering into its long neck, or finger-board. It
had generally eleven strings, and the finger
board was marked with frets or divisions, at tne
where the frets were pressed by the
fingers. There were different species, differing
in the size and number of strings. During the
sixteenth and seventeelh centuries, the lute was
in its highest vogue. The preux chevalier and
high born dame reckoned the an cf singing to
the lute one of rhe most elegant and indispensa
ble accomplishments. The poetry of those
times is full of it; and it makes the principal
figure in the musical pictures ot Rubens and
Titian. The extreme difficulty, when music
became more and more complex, of managing"
an instrument with so many strings, made the
lute fall into disuse. The guitar, simpler in its
construction than the lute, might seem to have
been an improvement on that instrument; but
this cannot, in fact, be said to have been the
case, as the guitar has been known in Spain,
France, and other countries, for many centuries. ,
It is now, it we except the mandoline, (a trifling
instrument little used,) the only instrument of
the lute species of which the practice is still 1
kept up. i
The invention ol the bow was the next great ,
step in the progress of stringed instruments. The
period of this invention has been the subject of
much learned debate, with which we shall not
trouble our readers. An instrument called
crwlh, with strings raised on a bridge, and played
with a bow, has existed in Wales irom a re
mote antiquity, and has been considered in this
country as the father of the violin tribe. The
old English term of croieder, or fiddler seems to
give countenance to this opinion. It appears,
however, from a treatise on music, by Jerome
of Moravia, in the thirteenth century, that in
struments of this species, already known by the
name of viol, existed on the continent. The
different instruments which went under the
general name of viol, were in the most common
use during the sixteenth, and till about the mid
dle of the seventeenth century. In construction
they differ from each other only in size, as the
modem violin, tenor, and violincello, differ
from each other, but this produced a difference
la the manner of playing them, and in their
pitch. They were of three sizes, the treble-viol,
tenor-viol, and bass-viol. These had six strings,
and a finger-board marked with frets, like that
of the lute or guitar.
The last improvement was the change of the
viol into the violin. The violin took its rise
from treble viol, by its being diminished in size,
having its strings reduced from six to four, and
its finger-boards deprived of frets. The dimin
ished number of strings made the execution
of the passages which were now introduced into
music, more easy; and the removal of the frets
enabled the player to regulate the position of the
• fingers by a much better guide—the delicacy of
his own ear. By the same process, the other
instruments of the viol tribe were changed into
the modern tenor, (which still retains its generic
name of viola,) and violincello. The violin
seems to have been in general use in France
earlier than in Italy, Germany or England. Its
acute and sprightly tones were first used to ac
company the dances of that merry nation; a cir
cumstance which, with its puny appearance,
made it to be looked on with some contempt
when it appeared in these other countries. The
first great violin-player, however, on recotd, was
Baltazarini. an Italian, who was brought into
France by Catherine de Medicis, in 1577. The
celebrated Arcangelo Corelli may be considered
the father of the violin; and the Italians have
maintained their pre-eminence upon it, from the
days of Corelli down to those of Paganini.
White Rice.—On Monday last we were
shown a beautiful specimen of this ancient, rice,
grown this year on lhe plantation of Mr. Wm.
McElveen, in Sumter district. The heads are
very large, nd far surpass in size any we hive
seen of the colfi rice. We are informed by Mr.
3. J. Dickinson, to whom we are indebted for lhe
sample, that Mr. McElveen has a very large
field of this rice, which will make an astonish
ing yield. The white hull rice was cultivated
exclusively, we understand, on the first intro
duction of the grain in this Stale—but it has
been almost entirely abandoned within the last
40 years. Indeed, we do not know a single
planter who now plants it for market. Some
few allow their servants to cultivate it, that it
may be distinguished from the crop of the pro
prietor of lhe plantation. We observed, the last
summer, some beautiful specimens of rice on
high-land fields in Marion district, and Robeson
and Brunswick counties, in North Carolina.—
Georgetown Observer.
Sale of Memphis Property.—A sale of
148 feet square subdivided into small lots, be
longing to Dick & Hilt, being, the lot of ground
on the north-east corner of Main and Adams
streets, was bid of at auction yesterday, by
several buyers, for an aggregate sum something
over SIO,OOO. The property, though eligible,
is not in the midst of business, and is consider
ed to be of the third class in value. The
owners had offered it in a body tor $5,500; it
was sold on one, two and three years credit,
the paper bearing interest irom date, which is
equivalent to a cash sale. Several other lots
adjoining on Adams, 37 feet front by 75 deep,
sold for something over 81,000 each, same
terms. The city property from this corner
north, which has been languishing in value tor
two or three years past, in enhancing ia value
again, owing no doubt, to the improvements
at and contiguous to the Central Lauding, and
the establishment of the Naval Depot.—Mem
phis Eagle, ith inst.
New Sugar.—The editor of the St. Martins
ville Creole has been shown a sample of this
year’s sugar, manufactured on the plantation ot
Valerian Martin, of the Parish of Lafayette.
It is ot fair quality, and will command a good
price. Mr. Martin commenced sugar making
since the 20th ult., and reports his whole crop
as ready for milling—Pic. ilh inst.
A Singular Vanity. —A woman recently
died in Marseilles, leaving a considerable for
tune. This female, says “Le Semaphore," had
gained nearly 200,000 francs by one ot those
mysterious industrial operations which are tar
from being supposed productive. Placed in a
little boat, she passed along the vessels anchored
in port, and bought among other objects, frag
ments of cables and worn rope which she sold
again. As this fortune, obscurely amassed, in
creased, she made no change in her habits of
life; lodged in a modest apartment, meanly
clad, and as poorly led, she had no desire lor
luxury, but that ot a pompous funeral ceremo
ny; consequently she fell orders that her body
should be placed in a most expensive coffin, and
conveyed to its resting place upon a sumptuous
car withall the honors of the church—which
was done.
Another Thieving Postmaster Caught.—
Benjamin F. Brown, who has for several years
past had charge of the post office at Northfield,
N. H., some seventeen miles above Concord,
has been arrested and committed on almost pos
itive proof of purloining money from letters—
in fact a part of the plunder was found upon his
parson.
From Port au Platt.e—We learn from Capt.
•b Alden of the fast sailing schooner Bridge water,
who arrived this morning from Port au Platte
in II days passage, that the day previous to his
sailing, official news arrived of an engagement
between the Haytien and Dominican armies,
near Matayaga, in which the former were to
tally routed with considerable loss in kiljed,
wounded and prisoners, munitions of war, and
provisions—and it was thought at Port au Platte,
that the Haytiens would not be able to regain
the Spanish part of the Island.
The inhabitants of Port au Platte and Santi
ago had purchased the American brig Alert,
and offered her to the Dominican government.
She is to be armed immediately with fourteen car
ronades and two pivots, and was to leave for the
City of St. Domingo on 27th September. There
■were five Dominican armed schooners in the
harbor of Port au Platte when Capt. A. left.
The greatest enthusiasm prevailed throughout
the Dominican republic, and commercial busi
ness continued without any interruption.— Cour,
if- Eng. 10th inst.
Witty.—A noble Lord, asked a clergyman
once, at the bottom of his table—“ Wiry the
goose, if there was one, was always placed next
the parson?” “ Really,” said he, “ I can give
you no reason for it; but your question is so odd,
Ifshall never see a gcose again without thinking
of your lordship.”
Fire Rioters.—Sentence was passed on
thirteen fire rioters at Philadelphia on Wednes
day morning. Four were sentenced to two
years’ imprisonment in Moyamensing prison
and 8500 surety ; three to one year’s imprison
ment and SSOO surety; one to one year and nine
months’ imprisonment and SSOO surety; one to
nine months’imprisonment and SSOO surety;
two to eight months’ imprisonment and SSOO
surety; and two others to five months’ imprison
ment and 8300 surety. The prisoners are all
young men, several of them minors.
€l)ronide and Sentinel.
AUGUSTA, GA.
TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 14.
A Mam mol li Newspaper for $2
TO CLUBS,
and all other persons who desire a
CHEAP AND VALUABLE NEWSPAPER.
WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
Sj" TEN copies of the Weekly Chronicle
and Sentinel will be sent to a club of Ten
persons one year, for Twenty Dollars.
Any person remitting Five Dollars will be
entitled to Two copies one year, or One copy for
Two years, whichever may be desired.
Single copy one year, Three Dollars. Our
terms are invariably in advance.
Jj*All subscribers within thirty miles will re
ceive their papers free of postage.
Exchange.—We are informed that the Me
chanics’ Bank is now checking on the North at
4 per cent premium.
“The Duck Plant.”—A specimen of this
extraordinary production of the vegetable king
dom, brought from Charleston, was shown
us yesterday. It may be seen at the drug store
of Mr. Marshall.
New-Y'ork and Charleston Steam Packet.
—The Charleston Courier of yesterday says:—
It gives us great pleasure to state that a sub
scription has been completed—half of the
amount in this city, and halt in New-York
for the building ot a steam packet ship to run
regularly between the two ports. We under
stand that she will be constructed pretty much
on the plan ot the Cunard steamers, will be of
the burthen of 700 tons, and calculated for
carrying freight as well as passengers. Capt.
Berry, formerly of the ship Catherine, will
superintend the building of the vessel, and be
hercommander. His well known attention to
business, long experience and popular manners,
will give confidence to such as are disposed to
patronise the enterprise, and we have little doubt
that as soon as the first trip commences run
ning, which we learn will be ear|y next spring,
others will be speedily placed on the line.
The Cotton Crop.—The following specula
tions in reference to the extent of the growing
crop ot cotton, are extracted from the circular of
Messrs. Wood A. Simmons ol New Orleans,
under date of 4th inst.:
“ From an attentive observation cf the course
of things in the Cotton growing regions, we see
no reason to induce us to change our opinions
of Ist ultimo, as to the probable extent of the
crop, and still believe our receipts will reach
fully 1,100,000 bales, and the total crop 2,400,000
bales. A severe early frost, however, might
materially change the prospects. Some few re
ports of short crop have recently sprung up, but
in our opinion are not based upon good grounds,
and in many instances, we believe, are now
being circulated from interested motives, by
those who have already considerable at risk in
the staple. Our receipts of new cotton this sea
son, to date, are 75,000 bales; against 55,000
bales last year. The comparative receipts at
this port during the months of September, for the
last fbu r vears are-this season 02,000 bales; 1844,
43,000; 1843,16,000; 1842, 38.000 bales. To
say the least, this comparison offers no en
couragement to the belief in a short crop; and
while on this point, it should, perhaps, be
noticed, that out ot the 62,000 bales received
in September, this year, there were only 300
bales of old cotton, while the September re
ceipts of previous years have generally em
braced as many or more thousand bales; and
again, it is not wholly uninteresting to observe,
our large crop year of 1842-3, when we
made 1,090.000. our September receipts were
then onlv 38,000 bales, against 62,000 bales this
year. Stock now on hand and on shipboards4,-
000 bales.”
Theft.—The confidential clerk of the house
of Holford, Bancker&Co., private Bankers in
Wall-street, New York has embezzeled about
eighty thousand dollars of the funds of his em
ployers. The larcenies have been going on for
years and concealed by false entries.
A Washington correspondent of the New-
York Commercial gives a rumor that prior to
thedepartureof Mr. Bancroftand Mr. Buchan
an, on their visit home, the President held a
Cabinet meeting on the subject of lhe Tariff,
and expressed a wisih that his advisers should
forma unit in regard to their views on the
question. Thefconsultation ended, however, it
is said, in the declaration of views, on the part
of Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Marcy, and Mr. Ban
croft, which were utterlv irreconcilable with
those held by Mr. Walker and Mr. Mason.
The President, it is believed, did not entirely
coincide with either- Upon this supposed state
of things, the report has been founded that Mr.
Buchaaan will go upon the bench, and that Mr.
Bancroft and Mr. Marcy will go abroad.
“The Black Tariff;”
The Journal of Commerce is frequently forced
to confound and overthrow its free-trade theories
by such facts as these:
From the Journal of Commerce.
Large Cargo.—The ship Cornelia, Capt.
French, which sailed yesterday lor Liverpool,
has on board the following cargo: Pounds.
2,525 barrels flour, at 215 lbs. each - 542,875
1,175 bales cotton, weighing - - - 445,229
493 boxes cheese ..... . 33,040
29,495 bushels wheat, (by measure,)
about-- - - -1,725,000
2,746,144
Ballast, 60 tons , 134,400
Making a total of 2,880,544
This is said to be the heaviest cargo ever car
ried from this port.
Such are the workings ot a Tariff which was
to destroy commerce 1 This is the “ Black
Tariff” that was to ruin the country! But
when had we so many merchant ships afloat?
When was our commerce in a more palmy
stale ? When has cotton found a steadier mar
ket? When did we ship as much flour, pork,
cheese, &.C., as since the Tariff of 1842 went into
operation ?— Albany Journal.
Rhode Island—The Slave Trade.—A cor
respondent of the Charleston Courier writing
from Newport Rhode Island, furnishes the fol
lowing in reference to the early history in that
State of the Slave Trade.
“The African slave trade was no doubt, at
one time, one of the chief sources of emolu
ment to the Rhode Island navigators. They
carried it on at a time when the pious and hu
mane Bishop Newmn was also engaged in it,
and, as he states, considered it “lucrative and
honorable.” There is no doubt lhat the clause
in the Constitution providing for the inhibition
of the slave trade was one of the chief causes
of the obstinate resistance made by Rhode Is
land to its adoption. Even after the Congress
had passed an act making Rhode Island a foreign
State, the Convention agreed to adopt the Con
stitution by a majority of only two votes, and
these were obtained by bribery. The act of
Congress terminating the slave trade, in 1787,
was opposed in the U. S. Senate by only one
Senator, and he was from Rhode Is land.
“Slavery was tolerated in Rhodes Island till
the period of the Revolution, and would have
been afterward, had it been profitable. The
Brish stole many of the slaves; others were
taken into the army and navy ; and the rest were
sold to the South, or emancipated.”
Hemp.—The junior editor of the Louisville
Journal, writing from Boston, says : I find that
the consumption of hemp at Boston and New
York has increased marvelously since last sum
mer. An extensive establishment at Plymouth
has manufactured twenty-five gangs oi rigging
this year from American hemp, and but six of
Russia, whereas last year it manufactured not a
single gang out of American hemp. The
American dew rotted hemp is now used almost
universally for standing rigging, and it is getting
fast into use for running rigging. Sales are
now making here, at six months, of a good ar
ticle of dew rotted, at $100; the range being
from S9O to SIOO. Some lots have been shipped
from New Orleans to Boston this summer at
less than S 3 a ton, but, as freights are now sll
to Louisville, the whole freight amounts to 811
a ton. Nothing but this new demand for hemp
for naval purposes could have prevented it from
sinking to nothing. The foreign demand is also
taking off a great deal at present prices, and, on
the whole, the article may be expected to main
tain present prices, at least for some time.
Cotton duck has almost entirely superseded
Russia for sails. A merchant, who formerly
imported and sold a large quantity of Russia
duck, informs me that he has had a lot of it on
hand tor three years. It is no longer imported,
and the demand has nearly entirely ceased.
Cotton duck does not handle as well as hempen,
but it is more durable and cheaper, and holds
the wind as well. It will enjoy the preference
until the Kentucky hemp duck takes the field—
then, of course, It will retire, except for small
craft in the coasting trade.
The experience here is that Cotton Duck
Sails hold the wind better than Russia Duck.
Our fast vessels have their sails made of CoUon
Duck.
Coal Trade of Pennsylvania.—lt is said
that two million tons of anthracite coal will'be
sent to market this season from the mines of
Pennsylvania, which will be 300,000 more thain
the amount last year.
From the Richmond Whig.
Another Letter from Southerner.
B ellville, N. J., August, 18-15. •
To the Editors of the Whig: Gentlemen
Having determined to spare no pains, or let
pass no honest means to see all the larger class
and not a tew ol the smaller class of factories,
while pursuing these investigations, 1 was led
to make a jaunt to some of the smaller towns
around Newark. Taking a friend with me,
who formerly lived in the South, and who is
now a mantactuier here, vie hired a little buggy
and took the road to Bellville. Having men
tioned this rogd, i wish to have a word or two
on that headT—The people here think it is one
of the worst features of any community to be
without roads,and those of the best kind. There
is no town or mill seal around Newark to which
there is not a good road. Every one I travel I
find literally beset with wagons, carriages,
and vehicles of every kind and size; the most
ot them are MacAdamized turnpikes, besides
three or four railroads and two canals. Men
think no more of travelling here 15 or 20 miles,
than many ot us do one; they can almost al
ways go and return between meals.
The South Atlantic States show a slovenli
ness and apathy on this subject that is beneath
them. They ought to know that the business
of farming is a poor one without roads, and the
produce valueless without the “right of way”
to get it to market towns. It would be as diffi
cult to find a good road leading out from
Charlestown as hen teeth in a black bird. There
is no one but would rather go from that City to
Washington by railroad and back again, than
to and from Beaufort in the same State, some
sixty miles by land. Wipe off this stigma, and
give your towns, merchants, farmers and me
chanics a fair chance; and make your politi
cians know that you are to rule, and they are to
obey.
It is but four miles from Newark to Bellville.
The beautiful dwellings and country seats,
which catch your eyes on either side, as the
comfortable homesol our farmer, manufacturer,
mechanic and merchant, seated on the mounds,
hills, and along the valleys, are refreshing and
delightful, and contrast strangely with the huts
and squalid inmates of some of our highminded
Virginians. Industry, market towns, know
ledge, and temperance, have made them so.
This little town is seated at the mouth of New
Creek where it empties into the Passaic, and is,
as usual with all these towns, growing. The
first factory which I stopped at was J. R. Miles
Co's., for the manufacture ol Crane's Patent
Twelve-month Clocks. I have no disposition
to go into an explanation of this wonderful piece
of mechanism. The inventor has the most per
fectly mathematical head I ever saw. I do not
see why he should not develop something cu
rious. He is now at work on one which will
not only run four years, and give the time of
day—but will show, by proper apparatus, the
cause ot day and night, and the movement of
the planets. Though it is small and apparent
ly of no extraordinary value, yet it is a great
intellectual triumph. It is the intellect of the
mechanics that is working out all the great
achievements in Art and Science, which makes
the North what she is. In all ages and in all
climes where the mechanic arts and manufac
tures have existed and do exist, large and mag
nificent cities will arise, rich and flourishing
farms will cover the face of the earth, and com
merce will spread its wings on every sea. The
intellect of the South is inert, and wastes under
the blightening influence of our politicians, and
you will find we will never rise until the me
chanic and the manufacturer eomes amongst
us. Look at Holland in 1816. It was her
manulactures which made her merchants and
people so wealthy, and her ships the first to
penetrate the waters of the East and to pour the
riches of the Indies into her lap. Industry will
make a people intelligent, prosperous and free ;
apathy and slovenliness will make them stupid
and ignorar.t, and will, as sure as water runs
down hill, make them waste away and decay.
It is strange our people will be kept by poli
ticians sucking their paws and growling over
imaginary wrongs. The same soil and more
various is with us, minerals are greater, crops
more numerous, climate is better, and our natu
ral advantages are superior. Follow no theo
ries and political humbugs. Their time is past.
Descend to facts and realities and become more
practical. Lord Bacon long since said, and the
English people and government have followed
his advice: “That the man who writes, speaks
or meditates, without being well stocked with
FACTS as land-marks to his understanding, is
like a mariner who sails along a treacherous
coast without a pilot, or one who adventures on
the wide ocean without a rudder or a compass.”
Our politicians are not practical men, and there
fore are not the proper persons to instruct us.
1 will take many a mechanic, whose hand some
would not shake without going instantaneously
to the nearest barbershop to wash in water and
cologne, and give them lessons of wisdom and
instruction on the tariff, that they had never
dreamed of or read in their philosophy. Many
of them would give as comprehensive an answer
to the question, “How does the present tariff
apply to the great interests ot manufactures,
agriculture and commerce,” as an old Knicker
bocker Congressman from New York did Mrs.
Madison, to the question, “What, Sir, is the
difference between the Dutch Reformed and the
Presbyterians?” He answered, “Oh te one
sings long metreand te udder one shorts.” They
would answer you, probably, it was oppressive,
without telling you how. The difficulty no
doubt is this, with both. The old man had
never seen the confession of Faith of either, or
thev the Tariff Bill of 1842.
I have come across many ol these orators who
were“gabbling likegeese amid swanlike choirs,"
about the unconstitutionality of the Tariff, and
when pushed to the corner could not tell what
the Constitution said on that subject. Farmers of
Virginia, if you will look at the proceedings of
the House of Delegates in 1785, two years after
the Revolution, you will find your wise fathers
thought ol exerting the whole power of the State
in the form of a protective Tariff, to shield your
industry from encroachment. You will find
also, from Mr. Madison that failing in this, they
recommend a more “perfect union” of the States
to thwart the designs of Great Britain. The
first act which Congress did afterthey had sworn
to support the Constitution, was to pass a Pro
tective Tariff— and the first Bill that Washing
ton ever signed was that, and this he did on the
4th of July, to hallow it in the memory ot his
countrymen, in whose service he had spent all
his life. When he was Inaugurated, he wore
an entire suit of cloth manufactured in this
country, to set his people an example. Are you
willing to call him a robber, thief and “public
plunderer?” If you do, you are no patriot, and
unfit to be tree, and were all like you, we would
soon be slaves. Jefferson recommended it, and
Madison supported and voted for it: Are you
going to contemn them at the bidding ot some
of your fussy and empty-headed political cob
blers ? You’had better paddle a good many of
them home to their mothers, and let them
switch them from their ignorance, impudence
and impiety. Jefferson said in 1817, “that the
history of the last twenty years (before the last
war) has been a sufficient lesson for us all to
depend for necessaries on ourselves alone; and 1
hope that twenty years more will place the
American hemisphere under a system, of its own
—essentially peaeable, and industrious, and not
needing to extract its comforts out ol the fires
raging in the Old World.” This is all right,
is it not ? Our State was the first to recom
mend a more perfect Union for the sake of the
Tariff—tjpt of Revenue simply, but for Protec
tion. Mr. Madison said that to get a Tariff,
led to the formation of the Union. lam fol
lowing the fathers of my State, such as Wash
ington, Jefferson, Madison, Marshall, and others
—Who are you following? Jackson, in his
letters to Mr. Monroe and Colman, took strong
grounds for Protection, and if Mr. Ritchie, (who
has been the Apollo of the State lor years,) op
posed him for the Presidency because he was
a Tariff man, and Jackson answered his oppo
sition by likening him and his paper to the in
defectible fragrance ot an out-house, he must
have had a very detestable opinion of a Free-
Trader. Let us believe that our fathers and
Jackson were right in advocating Protection.
Let us turn our attention to industry, and send
our politicians to school to learn howto work,
and do not let them batten and fatten on the
sweat of your brows any longer.
This factory has a house in New York
where they are sent to mere'y to pack up again.
They are unable to fill the orders as fast as
they come in. Great quantities are sent to
Europe. The work is very simple. The
whole difference between this and the common
clock, is that the main wheel in a common one
makesan evolution in a minute, and in Crane’s
it takes one honr. This wheel is the great
regulator. The outer coal is made of black
walnut, and looks much richer than rose or
mahogany wood. I had something to say
about this wood before. The farmers here,
begin to look upon their trees of all kinds, as
gold. It is curious to see them sending one up
a tree to measure its length, while another
takes its diameter, and the contractors dispute
as to how much it is worth per foot. Persons
are out all the time hunting wood. 1 was sur
prised at the amount of dog wood sold at Pat
terson, and that high too. Mr. Carter, of Pat
terson, tells me, the farmers here raise the
black walnut, hickory, and dog wood for sale.
Fully one dozen factories exist in this State,
which depend alone upon these kinds of wood.
The people ot Virginia, South Carolina, Geor
gia, North Carolina, and Florida, have a mine
of wealth in their yellow pine. AU the arms,
buckets, and shafts of water wheels, in all the
factories, use this wood now, and its value in a
hundred other things, is increasing. The more
factories put up, the more valuable it will be
come. The Town of Rome, in western New
York, containing a population ot over five
thousand, has been built up by factories for
making paddles and oars from the ash, thousands
of which are shipped by almost every vessel
for England, France, Germany, Prussia,
Sweden, Russia, China, and throughout all
the East. The junks ot the Chinese are now
all managed by American oars, and the small
boats of all Europe and Asia are now propelled
by the enterprise ot the people of Rome.—
What are we about? Where are our similar
towns? By a calculation made with Mr.
Monroe, a relative of the Ex-President, and
a Virginian, who ships millions, we in Vir
ginia, can make them 22 cents cheaper per
: oar, than they can be made here, on account of
the scarcity of the wood. An immense busi
ness is done in some of the inland towns, by
making axe, hoe, shovel, spade, hammer, take,
and bi oom handles, from wood. Tell some ot
your farmers to" leave a space in their tobacco
fields, for planting broom corn, and they will
make more money.
The next factory on this creek we visited,
was the wire, copper and brass foundry and
rolling mill of Mr. William Stevens. Before
I say any thing more of these factories and
mills, 1 wish to draw attention to this creek.
The embankments, rugged hills and rocks
along which this little shabby stream runs —
shabby compared with thousands in the South,
is a barrier to all kinds of agricultural im
provements; and yet there is on it, some thirty
millsand factories, which have built up some
three or tour flourishing towns, creating ex
cellent markets, and making the farmers rich.
Heaven has not made all land lor farming and
planting. Some are for the mechanic, and
some lor towns to sell our produce in. Your
housesand implements of agriculture must be
made, and there must be some place for those
who make them, to live and work at. From
calculations based on actual facts and experi
ence —not theory—it is found that the labor of
one in five of every agricultural people, sup
plies all the rest with food. Now what must
the other five do? Must they not be mechanics,
professional men, manufacturers, merchants,
and seafaring men ? To be sure they must.
1 say again: Give up humbugs and theories,
and descend to facts, it has been found like
wise, that any industrious people can not only
supply all their agricultural wants, food and
raiment—all their manufactures, but can sup
ply a large surplus to any less industrious na
tion. lam giving you no theories, but facts.
It surprised me to see three factories locked up
here in these rocks, and I was still more surpri
sed, when they told me they had large houses
in the City of New York.
Mr. Stevens is making the wire for the Mag
netic Telegraph between New York and Phil
adelphia, and has contracts for a large number
of others. It is most beautiful, and the pro
cess of making it is both novel and curious.
The copper is first rolled into sheets and then
put upon a rolling cutter, which cuts the whole
sheet into strips in little fess time than you can
say Jack Robinson. A good deal of the work
done here goes South, to oppress us, becausj we
will not doit ourselves. liever there was a
people who shamefully trampled under foot
and recklessly squandered away the gifts and
blessings of kind Heaven, we are that People.
The state of things now is unnatural: instead
ol the North being manufacturers, we should
be. This alone, as the great basis and incen
tive to agriculture and commerce, will build up
in the South towering cities, increase our
towns, bestrew our fields with plenty, and fur
nish a home to sell it at—fill the hearts ot our
people with gladness, give them homes of com
fort, establish railroads and eanals, and elevate
the now sinking fortunes of the sunny South.
Who will betray her? Who will standin her
way? Who?
The next factory which we stopped at was
Messrs. Geo. Bird & Brother’s. This is a
large Calico Printing Establishment. The
prints are equal, in strength and finish, to the
imported article. It is a vast range of buildings.
They say, if they are let alone, -they will in
ten years walk over the course without help.
My heart and hand is with industry every
where; and I rejoice Io find Americans enter
prising, and will always prefer them to lazy
men and stupid politicians. 1 find this factory,
too, is sending its goods to the South, and yet
they are anxious that we should all manufac
ture ourselves. Why will we not? I tell
New Orleans, Natchez, Vicksburg, Memphis,
Nashville, Mobile, Tuscaloosa, Columbus,
Charleston, Augusta, Savannah, Macon,
Wilmington, Raleigh, Petersburg!!. Lynch
burg, Staunton, Richmond, Norfolk, Ports
mouth, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, George
town and Washington, that unless you adopt
the system of manufacturing, you will drag
out a sickly existence—you will become mean,
servile, and slavish—you will have your
streets full of ignorant and starving poor. Be
not deluded under the impression that you have
back country, and streams that never dry, on
which will flow to you the wealth of the land.
To make your business prosperous, your peo
ple must be thriving, enterprizing and industri
ous—you must diversify your pursuits, give
variety to business, bring into active use all
those resources and callings adapted to the
many varieties and classes of men —give work
and a home to the poor man, and he will soon
rear up buildings to ornament your city, and
increase your population—bring people and
trade to your doors to which you are now
strangers—call the floating warehouses and
palaces of the deep to your wharves, whose
forms your eyes before had never greeted.—
Awake, oh Sunny South 1 andshakethe bloom
ing poppies from your brow- put on your beau
tiful garments, and lead forth your people to
happiness, prosperity, and renown ; and stay
not still in the plains and valleys, on the hills
and mountain tops, sickly, obscure and forlorn ;
and let not the increasing progress of the North
and West overshadow you with their glory.
Again, I say, awake! arouse'
After leaving here one whose acquaintance
made us prepossessed with, never perhaps to
see again, we mounted up into our little Jersey
wagon to make our way up hill and along the
edge of cliffs to the copper works of a Hebrew.
We were too late at both his Millsand the Lead
Factory, as the operatives had gene to fill their
hungry stomachs. We soon eame up, how
ever, ton largvPajieiuittl amt cireiiiteai worKS.
They are situated at the edge ot Bloomfield,
four miles Irom Belville. The chemical works
are necessarily here to make acids for lhe cali
co printing establishment. Neither could get
along witheut the other. This is the way facto
ries congregate, and wealth accumulates. The
poor get work, and the farmers thrive. The
paper mill makes as beautiful colored paper as
1 ever saw. The old gentleman, although he
is an Englishman has an American soul in
him, and should shame many a native. He
says he goes for the United Stales against all
the world. I left this old patriarch of lhe vale,
with feelinus ol pleasure and pride. Alter
arriving at Bloomfield, we made a dead set for
something to eat, at the hospitable house of
my companion’s father. When we had satis
fied the cravings of our appetites, we felt so
exhausted, that we declined going up lhe
creek farther, although there were other facto
ries which I hope yet to see ; but took leave ot
our hale, hearty old frield, and struck the road
to Newark, where we spent the balance of lhe
day. SOUTHERNER.
Very late from the Pacific.
The New York Sun has accounts from lhe
Pacific ot a late day, received byway of
Mexico. The advices from the Sandwich Is
lands are to the middle of June, from Oregon
to27th of April, and California to lhe Ist of
Augusl.
The Legislative Council of the Sandwich
Islands, consisting ot a House of Nobles and a
House of Representatives, convened for the
first lime on the 30th of May. The King was
dressed in a new military suit, and the Queen
in a figured straw colored silk dress, bonnet ot
the same color, with white ostrich feathers.—
Tne fort announced his Majesty’s entrance
into the Legislative Hall by a national salute—
twenty-one gunst The tvreign vessels of war
responded with the same number ot guns.—
When their Majesties had ascended the throne,
lhe Rev. Mr. Richards, American Missionary,
addressed lhe Throne of Grace, alter which
the King ordered his Assembly to be seated,
and then read Iris speech.
After the conclusion of the speech, Mr.
Young, one ot lhe Nobles, offered resolutions
ol thanks to the governments ot Great Britain,
France, Belgium, and lhe United States, for
recognizing the independence of the islands,
which passed unanimously.
The citizens of the United States have taken
offence at the decisions of Some of the courts,
and have appealed to the United Slates Govern
ment to interfere in their behalf.
According to the Ka Elele, the American
Mission have expended on the High School at
Lahainaluna from its commencement in 123),
to the present year, $68,006; whole number of
pupils 244; of which 118 have become teach
ers; 44 have been employed by government,
and 21 have died.
Oregon.— There are two packets now running
between Oregon City and Honolulu; lhe Amer
ican brig Chenarntis, Capt. Sylvester, and the
Hudson Bay Company’s barque Cowlitz, Cap
tain Heath. The Chenamus arrived at Hono
lulu on lhe 15lh May, after a twenty-eight days
passage. Cargo—46o bbls, flour, sdo wheal,
45 bbls, and 15 boxes salmon, 37,200 feet of
lumber, 117,000 shingles, 9sparsand one Amer
ican mare.
The Cowlitz sailed for Oregon on the 15th
May, with English and American manufac
tures; tea; sugar; coffee; and other produc
tions from the Islands, India,and China.
The Polynesian says:—We hear of no news
of moment from the Oregon. The settlers ap
pear to be prospering and to succeed tolerably
well in their plan of self-government. Some
wild border characters are among them, who,
if not tamed in season, will give trouble tothe
orderly disposed inhabitants. Emigrants are
still on their way, one party having wintered
east otthe Rocky mountains. The winter has
been rainy, but the Spring opened well.
Tahiti.— The American brig Elizabeth, Capt.
King, of Salem, laden with arms and ammuni
tion lor the Fejee Islands, sailed from Tahiti in
April, having been closely watched and guarded
by the French while at the latter port.
The death of Capt. Forbes, of the schooner
Will Watch, and two of his seamen while at
tempting to land at Tahiti last spring, is re
ported by ourconsul al Landania. The schooner
had been seized by the French for selling arms
to the natives.
Queen Pon are still remained at Raieta,
blockaded by French forces, and one of her chiefs
who aided in lhe assassination of some French
men, had been shot by the French authorities.
California. — Our correspondent writes from
Monterey, July 31st—“We have had nothing
of interest since my last. The natives contrive
to enjoy themselves under their own adminis
tration, and when the new Governor arrives
from Mexico they say they will charter a vessel
to take him and his suite back again. The
produce of the country begins to come here in
large quantities, and the whale ships find it a
favorable market for obtaining supplies. The
season has been highly favorable; the crops
abundant.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCT. 15
Portrait Painting.
Those of our citizens who desire to examine
some fine specimens ol Portrait Painting, will
be highly gratified ona visit tothe roomsof'Mr.
Wilson; in Reynold-streel, two doors above
the corner ol Mclntosh. We had that pleasure
yesterday, and should do injustice to our own
feeling*; as well as to the merit ot the artist, not
to express our high admiration of the excellence
and faithfulness of his pictures.
A New-York letter published in the Wash
ington Union, mentions a rumor, said to have
been received through a highly respectable
channel, that the territories ol California are
about reestablish an independent republic, in
which Jjrey arc to be supported by England
and other governments. The editor of the
Union says he is not advised that our govern
ment has received any information to confirm
or contradict this rumor.
The New York Tribune states that within
the last two weeks about 8200,000 in American
half dollars have been shipped to Canada by'
Livingston & Well’s Express.
Value of Real and Personal Property
in New York City.—The assessed valuation
of real and personal property in New York
city for 1845, amounts to $239,938,317. The
valuation of 1844 was $235,960,047. The in*
crease in real estate was $5,124,199—the de
crease in personal property was $1,245,929.
The Cincinnati Commercial states that an
ingenious lad, who has been raised about the
wharves in that city, has invented a dress by
which he is enabled to walk about the river, en
tirely submerged, at his pleasure. The dress is
supposed tjUae composed ot India-rubber,
naviga-
lead Keep him down,
puts on hiss igging and places glasses before
his eyes; around which is neatly placed the cloth
part cf the dress; the covering ot the head re
sembles a hood with huge spectacles. The
arms are left free to work and the legs to walk.
The transparency of the water enables the sub
walker to avoid all danger. The utility of this
simple and novel invention is not inconsider
able. Many things, such as anchors, &c., have
already been recovered; and it would give us
pleasure, says the Commercial, to record that
the inventor had made a fortune by his genius.
Hopewell Presbytery.
This Presbytery met at Athens on Wednes
day evening the B>h inst.; according to adjourn
ment ; and on the following Sunday afternoon
ordained as an Evangelist to the work of the
Gospel Ministry, Mr. Homer Hendee, a li
centiate of the same body. The sermon on
the occasion was preached by the Rev. G. H.
W. Petrie ol Washington ;—the Moderator, the
Rev. Charles S. Dodos Augusta, presided,
proposed the constitutional questions, offered
the ordaining prayer, and gave a very solemn
and impressive charge.
Al the same time Mr. Henry Newton, late ol
the Theological Seminary, Columbia, S. C.,
was licensed to preach the gospel [Communi-
cated.
From the zV. O. Picayune, Sth inst.
Arrival From Texas-Latest from Corpus
Christi and Galveston.
The schooner Cincinnati, Capt. J. Smith,
arrived at this port yesterday, having lett the
Bay of Aransas on the evening of the 28th
ult , whither she had taken troops and muni
tions of war from Charleston, S. C. On her
return she touched at Galveston, from which
city she brings us dates to last Saturday, the
4th inst.—a fortnight later than our previous
advices.
The Cincinnati carried two companies of
the 3d Artillery to Corpus Christi: company
A, Capt. Burke, Lieutenants Kilbourn and
Churchill; and company I, Capt. Geo. Taylor,
and Lieutenants Gilham and Ayres, Surgeon
Hawkins, Capt. Perkins, Sutler.
Through Galveston papers we learn by this
arrival that Capt. West, wounded by the ex
plosion on board the steamer Dayton, of which
lie was acting clerk, has died of his wounds,
as also some two or three other persons, from
the same cause—one a cabin boy and another
a United States soldier.
On the 261 h ult., the barque Phoenix, of
Richmond, arrived at Aransas in 24 days from
Fortress Monroe, Va„ with two companies (D
and E)of the 4th Regiment of Artillery, under
T-ormnnnd of Brevet MaioLM orris. 4th Artil
lery. Tfie foUbwingTs a tisHif Thei'micei's :
Brevet Maj. W W. Morris; Ist Lieuts. R.
C. Smead and E. Deas; 2d Lieuts. R. S. Gar
nett and C. Benjamin; Brevet 2d Lieut. S.
Gill.
Gen. Worth arrived at Aransas by the Cin
cinnati, having gone on board at Tampa Bay,
at which place the steamer touched.
The barque Pacific arrived on the 20lh ult.,
at Aransas from New York, with flying artil
lery and horses on board. Thirteen horses
■were tost on the passage, from being placed in
the hold, as is alleged.
There appears to be no indication of any
hostile movements on the Rio Grande.
Castro, chief ot the Lipans, lately came to
Corpus Christi in company with the Secretary
of War and Maj. Hays, and while in camp
■was treacherously shot, though not mortally, by
some unknown ruffian. In the fetter ot our at
tentive correspondent, the reader will see fur
ther note of Castro.
A company of Camanches, was lately seen
travelling in the direction of Matamoros, and
a detachment of the dragoons had gone in pur
suit.
It is said that the volunteers from this city
are suffering a good deal from diarrhoea and
bilious fever.
Trade at Corpus Christi is very brisk, and
almost daily large numbers of Mexican traders
arrive in camp. This is deemed a sure indica
tion lhat there is no considerable body of Mexi
can troops within a reasonable disiance.
There was some talk about the moving of
the army up the Nueces shoitly, but mention
is made of this in the letters below.
There were no United States vessels of war
at Aransas when the Cincinnati sailed, but she
left there the ship Herman, with troops from
Old Point Comfort, and the schooners Fame,
Wm. Bryan, Rosella, Two Friends, Gertrude,
Cornelia and T. F. Hunt. The steamboat
White Wing had been discharged from the ser
vice of the Government.
There are a number of vessels at Jkransas
from New York, Baltimore, New Orleans and
other-ports in the United States.
Capt. McKean, with the steamer Leu, has
gona into theJNueces.
The dragoons will go up the Nueces fortheir
winter quarters, says the News, and perhaps
some of the infantry—a majority of the army
will remain at Corpus Christi.
Col. Kinney has rented hisrommissioti house
to the officers of the army for their quarters.
Lumber is in great demand at Corpus Christi
—all sorts and kinds of merchandize find a
ready sale. Potatoes are in great demand;
sweet potatoes are worth $1 75 per bushel.
Arrangements are making lor the putting up
of public buildings for the accommodation of
strangers, and for making other permanent im
provements.
There are, at this lime, a great many Mexi
can horses and mules at Corpus Christi, and
large numbers are daily arriving.
The Mexican trade-is interrupted. Traders
are coming in from all the principal towns on
the Rio Grande-extending from Matamoros
to Loredo. "
Gen. Taylor has spies constantly ranging
the country to the Rio Grande, and is promptly
informed of every movement of any impor
tance.
We make extracts from cur correspondence
with officers of the army, who have kindly
found time to remember us, to show the state
of affairs in camp:
Corpus Christi, Texas, Sept. 27, 1845.
Afy Dear Sirs—Gen. Worth, with a portion
of the Bth Regiment of Infantry, landed here
yesterday. The other portion will be here in a
few days. I think the force here now is about
25 or 2600 (about 200 officers.)
Nothing new since 1 wrote you last (1 think
the 215t0r22d.) Capt. Kett (dragoons) was
out a few days since on a small scout, about 50
miles from here, and he speaks in raptures of
the country. He says it is beautiful beyond
description. Then it is " ornamented” in every
direction by clusters of deer, turkies and wild
horses.
Last week, (the day I don’t recollect,) the
schr. Letitia, from New Orleans, loaded with
coal, for Aransas, anchored off Corpus Christi.
A gale coming up, she parted both anchors and
then put to sea. The next day she was found
to leak badly, and with three feet water in her
hold she was run ashore, 35 miles South of
this. Capt. Webster had his wile aboard—all
saved, no lives lost. The wreck, as it lay, was
sold to-day at auction for $25.
We heard yesterday from Capt. Crane,
about 35 miles up the Nueces, and that he
finds no obstructions in the river for light
draught boats. So far, the least depth was 4
feet 2 inches. He is expected to return in a
few days; his party were in small boats.
I must close to be in time for the mail.
Yours, truly.
The following from the same source, though
a little older in date, is yet later than our pre
vious advices:
Corpus Christi, Texas, Sept. 22, 1845.
My Dear Sirs —A portion of the sth Intan
try has arrived, as also Capt. Ogden’s and
Capt. Kello’s companies of the Bth Infantry.
These two latter companies are from Key
West. The other companies of the Bth and
sth are looked for daily. A company of the 2d
Artillery, commanded by Lt. Duncan, has ar
rived at Aransas, and will be here shortly.—
Lt. D. came from New York on board ship,
with 60 horses. Some ot them were placed in
the hold (as 1 understand) and 13 died.
Day before yesterday two Lipans visij ed us
in company with Col. Cook, (Texas Sec retary
ol War,) “Capt. Jack Hays,” (of the Spies,)
and Col. Howard. The Lipan chief, Castro,
is a noble looking fellow, about 6 feet 1 or 2,
and built in proportion.
Hays takes my eye. He is a young man, not
over 27 or 30, very youthful in appearance,
modest and retiring in his manners; but it is
said he has the courage of the lion, and he has
complete control over the Lipans. Cas'ro,
Hays and myself look a small “blizzard” to
gether, and Castro told him if he waned the
Lipans to go against the Mexicans or Cuman
ches, lie should have al! the warriors. Hays
has constant communication with the Mexican
borders. He says that at Matamoros there are
about 800, at Monterey about 2500, and at
Loredo about 100 soldiers. Al Loredo they are
making preparations to receive a large force.
It is Hays’s opinion that if we remain here the
Mexicans will not come to attack us, but that if
we go to the Rio Grande we shall get a fight.
All we have to say about the matter is, if our
Government wishes us to go to the Rio Grande,
let them give the order and it shall be done.
We eame here tor a fight—it’s in our line of bu
siness. Hays says whenever he wants to know
anything about Mexico, he tells one or two of
his trusty fellows to “go and bring him a Mexi
can;” be says he has hooked several out of
Loredo and other towns on the borders.
Lieut. Scanitt, (Engineer Corps,) has re
turned from his tour of reconnoisanee. He re
ports that 50 miles from here, upon the Nueces,
asalso uponastream (or chain of ponds') called
Sweet Water, there are beautiful locations for
regiments, plenty of wood and good water.
Capt. Crain, (Engineer,) is now out with a
party surveying the Nueces, its practicability
for steamboat navigation, &c. I think ere long
some of us will be moved into the interior.
Yours, &c. ♦
The news from Galveston and Eastern Texas
is of no great importance, but we proceed to
glean from oils -
‘geherat Ttnerewre'
The arrival of Mr. Ashbel Smith on the schr
Aurora, from this port, is duly announced in
the Galveston Civilian.
On the 2d inst. a public dinner was given at
Galveston to the Hon. G. W. Terrell, late Min
ister Irom Texas to France and England The
Civilian says that it was a well arranged and
agreeable affair. Judge Terrell was an oppo
nent of Annexation, and so avowed himself at
the dinner, but at the same time declared his
readiness to acquiesce, like a good citizen, in
the decision ol the people.
We have before mentioned the nomination ot
Gen. Henderson as Governor of the new State.
The Houston Telegraph says it is not probable
that any candidate will be nominated in opposi
tion to Gen. H. Amid all the political strifes
that have agitated the Republic, says the Tele
graph, he has stood unharmed. He is one ot
the few public men of Texas ot whom it may
be said—“he has no enemies.”
The packet brig Empire arrived on the 29th
ult., from New Yolk, whence she sailed on the
2d. She brought but twenty passengers. “A
great many persons tor Texas were, however, al
New Yotk,” says the Civilian, “and the ship
Star Republic and succeeding packets will
doubtless bring all the law allows to vessels of
their class.”
The rumor which prevailed in Galveston
some days since, and which reached this city, of
the burning of lhe Treasurer’s office at Austin,
including the records and papers up to the com
mencement ot President Houston's second term,
is confirmed. The building was isolated, and
no one slept in it, so that lhe fire was unques
tionably the work ot an incendiary—doubtless
some person or persons of whose defalcations
or peculations lhe records of the office furnished
evidence. We have 110 means ot judging the
amount of public or individual injury which
will result Irom this act. The fire occurred at 2
o’clock on the morning of the 9:h ult. The Se
cretary of the Treasury has announced his in
tention to institute a thorough examination of
the books of the office, which probably caused
some one to bum the office, in order to hide the
evidence of his guilt or indebtedness.
The Red Lander states that the Hon. M. T.
Johnson has been elected Senator in the Con
gress ot Texas for the district composed ot the
counties ot Shelby, Harrison and Sabine.
William Earle was elected Representative in
Sabine; J. H. McNairy and James Truilt in
Shelby.
William Bledsoe, a brother in law of Gen.
Houston, died at his plantation, in Liberty Co.,
on lhe 20th ult. He was much esteemed.
A fetter appears in the News of the 4th ult.,
to Col. Love, Irom which it appears that on the
30th of August, Mr. Peter M. Maxwell, a pri
vatein the Ranging Corps, was basely murdered
bv one Frederick Ballard, at Cedar Spring, near
Dallas, Nacogdoches county. Maxwell was
about twenty-eight years of age, had lived long
in Texas, was in nearly all the battles of the
country, was taken at Mier, suffered two years
or more in, Mexico, returned to Texas last
spring, joined the Ranging company, and so
„ji>>-ruaiAuf—hin»eeM-n«» -re—w4n—general esteem.
Ballard committed lhe murder with a bowie
knife. He was taken and chained, but contrived
to effect his escape.
In regard to the crops of Texas we make one
or two extracts. The following is from the Gal
veston Civilian of the 24th ult.:
“ Upon the Brasses we believe that the product
ot cotton is set down as “a tairaverage.” Fur
ther west the amount planted was less than that
of last year, more attention having been very
properly given to corn, of which lhe yield is
pretty good. The increase in the amount planted
resulted from the anticipation of increased im
migration, and we understand that lhe same
cause now keeps the price up to nearly fifty
cents per bushel On the Trinity we believe
both the corn and cotton has turned out a fair
medium crop. The rains during the summer
throughout the country were partial, and in
some neighborhoods the crops have been un
commonly good, while in others they have com
paratively failed.”
In a later number ot the Civilian we find the
following extract front the Brasses Planter:
“ The weather is again fine lor cotton picking,
and the crop in some parts of the country is bet
ter than for years past. The yield of corn and
pota oes is abundant, and those persons in the
United States whose prospects have been
blighted by drought, would do well to emigrate
to Texas. We have fat cattle, rich lands, and a
plenty to eat and drink, if milk and water would
be taken as a substitute for more exciting liquids.
In fact, we have all the elements of a great
State, except population. We want men, and
of the industrial classes, whose labors will de
velope lhe resources ot our country and cause it
to blossom like a garden.”
It gives us pleasure to make the following ex
tract from the Civilian of the 24th ult., in regatd
to the health of Galveston :
“The air, fora few mornings, has had that
frosty and exhilarating feeling common to Octo
ber in more northern latitudes, and so welcome
to the lovers ot the gun and the chase. The
present wholesome state of the atmosphere and
the lateness of the season, give assurance that
1845 will prove another year of uninterrupted
good health in Galveston. Il is scarcely possi
ble to conceive of a more healthy season than
we have bad. We anticipate an early com
mencement of the business season."
Front lhe N. O. Picayune, 9 A inst.
Eleven Days Later From Mexico.
The Spanish brig Joaquin, Batista, master,
arrived at this port yesterday Irom Vera Cruz,
having sailed thence on the 26;h ol September,
just eleven days after the U. S. steamship Princ
eton. Our files are complete Irom the city of
Mexico to the 20th ult., and from Vera Cruz to
the 224.
On the 16th Gen. Herrera was formally pro
claimed President ol the Republic, and upon
the morning of the 16th he rock the oaths of
office, in lhe presence of both Bouses of Con
gress, assembled in the Chamber of Deputies.
The President pronounced a discourse upon
the occasion, which, though much more brief
than an American President’s Message, is yet
too long for our columns. We can merely in
dicatethe rules of policy by which his adminis
tration is to be guided.
After a solemn, and we believe, most sincere
introduction, breathing a spirit of patriotism, he
commences with the declaration that it will be
his first duty to see that the laws be executed
with all exactness. Persuaded as he is that
good laws are lhe sole support of national well be
ing, he will exercise with all diligence, his
prerogative in lhe formation of them, and in
their subsequent enforcement.
Order and peace he holds to be essential to
the national well being. To ensure these, he
will endeavor to obtain the united and har
monious action of all the administrative de
partments, and to keep himself aloof from
parly conflicts, talerating honest differences of
opinion, but nothing like positive disobedience,
tumults or outbreaks.
Being especially charged with the internal
tranquility of the country, he promises a rigid
superintendence over the police, and especial
ly to prorrote a general feeling of security
by means founded upon the policy of pie
venting crime rather than punishing it.
The prompt and rigorous administration of
justice, and the improvement, morality and
discipline of lhe army are named as promi
nent among lhe duties assumed by the Execu
tive, to which he will give his his best efforts.
The pure and rigid administration ot the
finances of the country, and especially lhe
equitable payment ot the public creditors,
without show or preference is announced as one
of his most urgent desires. This branch ot the
Message leads lhe President to deplore the ut
ter insufficiency of the revenues of the govern
ment, and gives him an opportunity to de
mand the prompt and energetic co-vperation of
the legislative body, to remedy the evil. All
lhe powers ot government are paralyzed lor
the want of means. In pointing out particu
lar evils the President says:—“The army can
not move; territory usurped, wiZZ remain usurper/;
and the hope of recovering it being once lost,
the usurpation will be successively and grad-
ttally continued until it embraces the whole
Republic, and (I shudder to say it) Mexico,
with so many elements of abundance and ol
greatness, will disappear front the number of
independent nations."
The necessity ol constitutional reform is
acknowledged and strongly urged upon the
Chambers. But at the same time the Presi
dent rebukes all attempts to bring about re
forms by arms or civil dissentions, as atrocious
crimes.
The security of lhe State in its foreign rela
tions will be one of the most constant em
ployments ot the government. Il will aim to
preserve and form friendly relations with foreign
powers, avoiding all occasions for controversy,
“but guarding always the sovereignty and dig
nity, and the observance and respectability of
the national laws.”
Such is a very slight ontline of Gen. Her
rera’s Message. The reader will note one para
graph which has reference to lhe annexation
of Texas; the last one, in quotation, marksevi
dently alludes to the difficulties with France.
Besides these, there is nothing whatever to in
dicate the existence of France, the United States
or Texas, or that there exists the slightest na
tional differences with each either.
The diligence between Vera Cruz and Jalapa
was recently robbed neat the latter city. One
of the passengers, writing on the 17lh ult., de
scribes the process. There were only four
concerned in it, two mounted and two on toot,
and all well armed. Had the passengers had
any spirit they could easily have defended
themselves. The captain of the gang was a
well dressed, smooth-spoken scoundrel, of man
ners and bearing indicative of some breeding.
He is supposed to have followed lhe stage from
Vera Cruz. The spoils obtained amounted to
20 ounces of gold, and the swords, canes, and
umbrellas ot the party.
The dilisence which arrived down from Vera
Cruz on the 22d, was robbed near Rio Frio.—
The particulars are not given.
El Veracruzano of the 20th announces that
the last previous conducla had been attacked by
robbers, and that two soldiers were killed in the
affray. El Locomotor (a new paper) denies
this, having been assured by one of the conduc
tors that there was no attack of the sort upon
the conducla or its escort.
The Mexican papers give lhe most ininiite
details ojthe mil Meu
.u, c trnirKT has conceiMnyed upon the’
frontier and coasts of Mexico. The VeraCrnz
journals are very watchful ffs to lhe Gull
squadron, and serving up full lists of ships and
guns to their morning readers, as a kind of ap
petizer for breakfast.
A letter is given to the public from Gen. In
clan, the brave defender of Puebla against
Santa Ana, in which he announces to the Se
cretary of War, that on the 14th ult., Gen. Cos
me Furlong had offered the services of twenty
six battalions, four regiments and one brigade
of artillery, in defence of theSupremeGovern
tnent and lhe national territory. These troops
were lirst organized by the city of Puebla when
the French squadron layoff Vera Cruz. They
have thus again been placed al lhe disposition
of the Government, and great expectations are
entertained of the good effects of the example
set by Paredes.
One of lhe papers ot the interior, speaking ol
the reported arrival ol Gen. Gaona’s division at
Matamoros, exclaims: “Heaven grant that it
may be true, and that it may_not be composed
ot more officers than soldiers, and that it has
carried with it the means of subsistence; be
cause, if it eomes to die of hunger, as has been
almost the case with the troops now there, in
stead ot improving, it will only aggravate our
condition.” The article goes on in this strain,
showing that lhe troops near the frontier are
almost totally disorganized for wantot the neces
sary resources.
There was a report current and credited in
Tampico on the 7th ult., that an expedition had
been planned at Corpus Christi by our troops,
tor taking by a coup ae main the city of Mata
moros; that the expedition was to be composed
of five thousand Americans and Texans, with
eighteen pieces of artillery; and that it wasonly
delayed till it could be joined by some cavalry,
shortly expected, “lobe composed of Florida
Indians and two companies Irom Bexar ” The
editors lament this, because they “know of
what rapacity and treachery such enemies arc
capable,” and because the city is not in a proper
stale of defence. They advise the inhabitants
of the frontiers to unite with the veterans of
the army oi the north, and thus form lhe first
line of defence, “ which lhe enemy cannot pass
without marching across the mangled remains
of those who compose it.”
Every Mexican paper we open speaks of a
war for lhe recovery of Texas as a matter of
course. There is no longer any talk about a
declaration of war, but the plan seems to be to
go about lhe reconquest of Texas at the earliest
convenience of the Government and people. It
may suit lhe convenience of our Government to
bring this controversy to an earlier issue than
Mexico desires.
The papers give at length the circular ol
Gen. Paredes, dated the 6th ult., at San Luis
Potosi, in which he defends himself from the
charges brought against him by lhe papers of
the capital, whom he accuses of the most dis
organizing views. He professes implicit con
fidence in the Government, and a determination
to sustain lhe Organic Bases, and to resist by
aims the plans’ot the seditious, of whatever
VlUgy- lUVy Illrl V —.l Hrtxo
anrilranquility ot the nation.
La Esperanza ol Tampico ot the 34 ult.
says that letters have been received which de
clare that Paredes was only awaiting lhe ar
rival of $60,000, hourly expected, to take tip
his march for the Rio Grande. We should,
perhaps, add, that Paredes in his circular de
clares that lhe most perlect unanimity prevails
in lhe “army ot reserve” under his command;
that every man fully adopts the sentiments
which influence himself and dictated the circu
lar. The papers of the capital are evidently
still in doubt as to the ultimate views of this
“Mexican Warwick,” as he has been called.
The first act of the Senate after the inaugu
ration of Herrera, is deplored by the Diario. It
referred to lhe affair of Gen. Rangel, in dispos
ing of whose case lhe Court Martial Jand lhe
Government appear to have come in collison.
The precise story of this Rangel ease we have
lost sight of, but the vote in the Senate was 24
to 11, upon which the official organ exclaims—
“ Thus has been sanctioned, in the court of
last resort, the most scandalous impunity?”—
This is not a very good commencement tor the
Administration.
The destitution of the Government is so
complete that means are wanting for the pi y
ment of necessary daily expenses.
All the papers continuetodiscuse lhechances
of a revolution. The existing Government be
ing evidently t o weak for the emergency in
which it is placed, it would appear that that
military aspirant who possesses most money
and most audacity, and who is willing to favor
with soli words and promises the views of lhe
Federalists, is the most likely to obtain tempo
rary power.
But neither our own limits nor the patience
ot the reader will allow us to extend these par
ticulars to-day.
The Cherokee Bible Society.—This so
ciety was established in 1841, but nothing effi
cient was accomplished until October 1842.
Between that time and October 1843 five aux
iliary societies were formed, viz: one in Tahle
quah district, one in Illinois district, two in
Flint district, and one in Delaware district,
near Delaware town At a meeting of the ex
ecutive committee Dec. 22, 1843, it was found
that $133,60 were in the hands ol the treasurer,
the greatest part of which wasfrom Tahlequah,
Illinois, and Salisaw Auxi iaries. Being in
formed that there were English Bibles already
at command, through the liberality of a Bible
society in Philadelphia, the committee resolved
that the funds then on hand should be appro
priated to the purchase of booksin the Cherokee
language. In accordance with this resolution
the treasurer purchased 267 bound volumes,
each containing all those portions ol the sacred
scriptures which have vet been printed in the
Cherokee language. To these were added 60
copies of the same, received through lhe treasu
rer of a Bible society which existed in the na
tiona numberof years ago, making in all 327
volumes, which are now in a course of distribu
tion throughout the Nation.
Further Antarctic Discoveries.—lt is
said that further discoveries have been made in
the Southern polar regions by the bark Pagoda,
under the command o! Lieut. Moore of the
British Navy. This vessel was hired by lhe
British government lor this expedition, and for
lhe purpose of completing the series of magnetic
observations lett unfinished by the ships Terror
and Erebus. She returned to Simon’s Bay, af
ter an absence ot 140 days, having proceeded
farther South than any vessel which has pre
ceded her, having accomplished the special ob
ject of the voyage, and having brought home
many species of birds and fishes not before
known. She found lhe Aurora so brilliant,
that small print was distinctly legible by the
light of it. The vessel was at times surround
ed by icebergs higher than the mast head. Not
a casualty occurred, nor was a man sick on the
voyage.
More Defalcation.—We learn by the Bos
ton Times, that Mr. Russel Dean, of the firm
of Henry Dean & Co.,‘No 81 Quincy market,
has abstracted about 30,000 dollars from the
funds ot the partnership, and left the city.
Cause—improper course of living and dissipa
tion.
The Burnt District.—ln no respect are the
energy and enterprise of our citizens more man
ifest, than in lhe despatch with which lhe bvrnt
d.istricl is atising from its ashes. New build
ings, greatly superior in every respect to those
burned down, are tapidiy going up, and lhe
whole section will very socn be one of (he most
beautiful business portions of the city. On
Broadway, Mr. R. Carman and others are erect
ing some splendid stores. Broad-street is to be
raised about jour feel, and a sewer is to be con
structed through it In m Wall-street to the East
River. This will, of course, greally effect a
change for lhe better, in lhe business of the street;
and we understand that it will be filled almost
entirely by dry goods jobbers ami importers.
Rents have risen from 25 to 70 per cent., and
we have heard of one case in which a store
which rented for SI3OO, the lease being broken
by the fire, has now been rented to the same per
son for $2700 per annum.—A’. Y. Courier.
Mexico.
The following fetter, the private correspon
dence ol the New Orleans Courier, on the af
fairs and condition of Mexico, will be read
with interest. "ft is from the pen ol one who
is well acquainted with the subject—a French
man and a man of talents.”
Mexico, September 9, 1845.
Two circumstances have occupied the peo
ple of Mexico during the last lew days—the
demand of the French Minister tor his pass
ports, and the mutiny of a division el the army
of the North tinder the command of Paredes.
1 will not dwell on the first of these events,
not because it is unimportant, but because it
is not completely over, and because we arc not
permitted to form a surmise on lhe conduct of
the French Cabinet. This important business
was long ago known in the United States. It
commenced at the baths Las Dclicias, and its,
coutsc is yet continued in the diplomatic cir
cles. After the first representation ol the
French Minister, Mr. Cuevas, the Secretary of
Foreign Affairs, promised satisfaction in the
most exact terms. A short time alterwards, the
officer Oller, who arrested the baron de Cyprey
and lodged him in the citadel, was brought be
fore a court martial, who acquitted him.
Mons, de Cyprey then addressed new demands
to the Mexican government; but a change bad
taken place in the ministry, and Mr. Cuevas de
posited in the hands ot Mr. Pena y Pena lhe
correspondence which had passed between him
and the French minister. Mr. Pena y Pena
replied to the French minister that he could re
ceive no further satislaction than the judgments
of the Couits mightafford him. Mr. de Cyprey
again demanded his passports—and in this
state the matter remained until Ihe29th August
lhe day on which the letters destined for the
English steamer felt the city of Mexico. A
few hours before the departure ot the express
Mr. Pena y Pena called upon the English
minister, Mr. Bankhead, and requested him to
transmit to Mr. Cyprey the following proposi
tion :
“ Mr. Pena y Pena, accompanied by the of
ficer Oller amt the afeade, will repair to the
house of the French minister, and will there
is the Spajnirh unfortunate oc-
currence at the Baths of Las Delicias." To
terminate this unhappy affair Mr. de Cyprey
accepted the proposed arrangement. The ex
press was about to start —lhe apology could not
be made till next day, and Mr de Cyprey an
nounced to his government the new turn bl the
affair: the English minister did the same thing
in all probability, and Mr. Pena[y Pena wrote to
the Mexican minister at Paris that the dispute
was finally settled.
But judge ot Mr. de Cyprey’s disappoint
ment, when, after the departure of the express,
new propositions were addressed to him es
sentially different Irom those which had been
offered him through the English minister. The
French minister refused to hear them read by
Mr. Pena y Pena ; he declarea the diplomatic
relations broken between France and Mexico,
and placed his countrymen under lhe protec
tion of Mr. Bermudes de Castro.
The foregoing is a brief account of the se
cond part of the affair of the baths of las Deli
cias. 1 pretend not to go to the depths ot the
matter —I will only say—either Mr. de Cyprey
was right, and then satisfaction is due to him ;
or he is wrong, and in that case his demand for
satisfaction ought to have been refused. But
nothing can be more pitiful or ridiculous than
to try to evade a promise by a subterfuge like
that employed by Mr. Penn y Pena which is
a real diplomatic trick.
Nevertheless, the final settlement of this
difference is not entirely despaired of. The
men at the head of affairs in this country are,
it is true, blind in their pretentions and rash in
their actions. At all events, we may suppose
that, in the present awkward state of their af
fairs, the} - will yield before a threatened rup
ture.
1 now come to the mutiny of the division ot
Paredes. But first we must throw a glance
upon the Mexican Army and form an estimate
ol its strength. In your country, you profess
lhe utmost contempt for our braves ol all arms;
but here the opinion of them is not quite so
low. There are some sensible men here who
put a high value on the Mexican army and
count upon the triumphs which it will achieve.
The Mexican ex-Consul al New Orleans, Mr.
De Arrangoiz expressed opinions of this kind
on his arrival at Vera Cruz.
Since so much has been said about this army ;
since the newspapers and public opinion have
covered it with ridiculous praises, let us endea
vor to form a correct opinion of it. I shall not
seek to raise the ghosts of the yictims, immola
ted by this army, at the Alatno, in contraven
tion of a capitulation; I shall say nothing of
lhe shameful defeat it suffered at San Jacinto;
I will more freely forgive the capitulation ot
San Juan de Ulloa; I do not advert to the igno
rance of art it displayed in the campaigns of
Yucatan.
But what has it done in the interior? has it
maintained lhe influence of the government in
the departments ? has it even repulsed the at
tacks ot the Indians? I answerthesequestions
by copying literally the conclusion ot the the
r z.' fglif Wk'fi!
1845. “In a word” says that minister, “it ap
pears, that the nation no longer possesses the
territory of Texas; that lhe Californians have
revolted; that department and those of New
Mexico, Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacate
cas, New Leon, Coahuila and Tamaulipas,
are some ravaged, some invaded by the Indians,
so that they offer scenes ot atrocity without an
example in our annals; and that the condition
of those regions was certainly better a century
after lhe conquest; that to put an end to these
calamities there is an army, which, notwith
standing the service and lhe bad treatment in
flicted upon the people, amounts to more than
30,000 men; that no attempt has been made to
fill the ranks of this army; whence it results
that there is great disorder, and all the grades
ol officers are filled by incapable individuals ;
that the depots of clothing ate in a most deplo
rable stale; and in spite of lhe immense sacri
fices made by the nation to purchase anus, they
too are in a state cqallybad; that paying no
respect to the laws or to any kind of principle,
they have so completely disorganized the war
department, that the lapse of several years will
I e required to rescue it from its present condi
tion—a condition really disastrous for the na
tion.”
Surely Mr. Garcia Conde must have had a
good deal of courage to trace so severe a picture
of the Mexicans in a capital so full of political
fanaticism and national vanity. I should like
10 analyse at some length the passages of this
memorial in which the Minister spoke truths at
once rough and useful to his country, it I were
not afraid of wandering too far Irom the actual
state of things. It will be interesting tor you to
know, how< ver. that from October 13, 1841, to
December 5, 1844, the Government of Santa
Ana granted 9,983 brevets; that the number <4
officers in the army is countless, and much ex
ceeds that olthe private soldiers; and whar will
interest you still more is that there are not in all
Mexico more than 12,000 men carrying mus
kets, all or nearly all of whom are Indians.
The military dispositions of the Indians have
been much,boasted of, without examining of
what use their qualities may be in action. Tlse
Indian, it is true, is endowed with a sort ol
stoicism, which enables him to took at danger
without much emotion, and thanks to the so
briety given him by nature, he supports with
fortitude the privations imposed upon him by
the necessities of war. But this is nut all. The
vivacity, the energy, which so often decides the
fbtlune of are entirely wanting in the
Indian; and on this arteoum, with superior force
on his side, and strategic consicfeTartons-being
equal, he will always he beaten.
There are also political and moral motives
of which no estimate has been made in the dif
ferent opinions which have been formed < f the
Indian soldier. What interest has he in spilling
his blood lor the defence of his country? The
day on which an enemy invades the territory of
the republic, the Indian will retire to his forests
and resume his primitive habits. The senti
ment of patriotism is unknown, and lhe indif
ference he exhibits on the field of battle shows
the little value he sets upon it. On the other
hand, let me ask, how does Mexico recruit her
armies? Is it in this young republic, where the
journals are so fond of attacking tie immorality
and despotism ol Europe, that each citizen is
called upon to defend his country? to pay lhe
tax of blood? For an answer to these questions,
let us again refertothe Memorial of Mr. Garcia
Conde:
“The system of substitution,” says the ininis
ter, “practised until now, since voluntary enlist
ments became insufficient, has been most im
moral and most pernicious to the rights of the
citizen. No, gentlenmen ; the Mexican is not
a Russian, who takes to the ranks al the mere
whim of his lord— he is under lhe protection ot
liberal laws enacted by the nation; and nothing
can force him but those laws and his own sense
otdiriy.” Thus, there isastriking resemblance
in recruiting tor lhe armies of Russia and for
those of Mexico. The Indians are arrested
and conducted from brigade to brigade to their
ulterior destination. If one of them deserts on
the march, the responsible officer seizes upon
the first Indian he meets with, and in this man
ner keeps up his number of men. If this mode
prove insufficient to fill the ranks, they break
the chains of the convicts and other prisoners
and clothe them with a military uniform.
But after the difficulty ol recruiting soldiers,
comes that of keeping them to their colors. For
this purpose military posts have been establish
ed in all the chief cities of Mexico, and still
there is great difficulty in preventing desertion.
I have now said enough in respect to lhe pri
vate soldiers who form ts e active and fighting
part of the army. Let us now examine the
composition of the officers. We read in the
memorial: “It is melar choly to look at the his
tory of our army since 1828! At different pe
riods it was lhe first thing to increase die num
berof officers, as number was thought more im
portant than merit, and it was conceived to be
the best means of making adherents to an ad
ministration to increase the number of employ
ments.”
Again, treating of detached officers, the min
ister says : “this scheme had for its object to step
overall the bounds of justice, and to open a
door to all sorts el tricks with a view of reward
ing the most degrading acts of domestic life,
and othets which my pen refuses to record and
which lhe decency ol any memorial rejects the
mention of.”
Speaking in conclusion of this worthless body
of mer, he says—“Srrne officers have shown
much talent and information, but they are so
lew that they suffice not for the common duties
in time of peace.”
This is the soil of army of which lhe Mexi
can newspapers have spoken with such ridicu
lous exaggeration. The army, for the whole
republic, consists ol 12.000 men at farthest, ill
clothed, hall-led, without discipline, unexer
cised arid poorly commanded. Such are lhe
veteran heroes that menace the existence of your
Union 1
.Some days ago there was a sudden change in
the language of the Mexican press in relation
tothe soldiery, It was on the occasion ot the
mutiny ol the division under rhe command of
Paredes. A dubious rumour was circulated in
Mexico, ascribing to Paredes, Valencia and
Tomei a design to haul general Herrera from
lb(* presidential chair, to form a triumvirate who
were to govern the nation fortheir own profit.
1 here were already inquietudes in the Con- <
gress, When lhe deputy Boves made known to
the House the intrigues ot Paredes. The latter
replied, from San Luis Potosi, to lhe accusa
tions <4 Boves, in a violent fetter, which excited
great ire in the deputy. The news of the muti
ny at San Luis arrived at Mexico immediately
alterwards. The troops had declared them
selves in the usual style, and formally refused
to march until the government should furnish
them with provisions,clothmgand money. The
next day, the newspapers cried shame! accused
the army oftreason and thundered forth denun
ciations against it. On the 28th August Mr.
Boves brought forward in the House a charge
as follows:
“There are indications in the* interior de
parnnents ol a design to proclaim a plan simi
lar to that ol Tacubaya. There is a man who
pretends to all lhe powerful functions ol the
fatal plan of the basis. Those who ought to
maintain subordination and discipline in the
army, are precisely those who have drawn the
troops from their duly. The 3d division of the
army, now at San Luis Potosi, which should be <
marching against Texas, rnstead of fighting tor , '.J
the existence and honor of the Republic is a hoop-
;
Alter tracing the duties of military chiefs,
Mr. Boves, continues-“ Let us go back to
Gen Paredes-who is that exalte# officer who
aspires to eive laws to the Republic, to its re- &
presentaiives and its executive whom he has
treated in a manner inconsistent with the rules
of common politeness ? These arc my views F
of the course of his public service. What I
has he done for the nation? He has effected '
several bloody revolutions. Whatdors liberty
owe him? The death of General Montezuma,
the dictatorship of Santa Ana and the dissolu
tion of the last Congress establish that he and
the other generalson the sideof the fatal scheme
of racubava, gave a guarantee ot their word
of honor and forfeited it! What is owing to
him for the administrations which have follow
ed ? He betrayed that of Gen. Bustamente,
who covered him with favors and marks ot
kindness; betrayed Santa Ana whom he pro
claimed dictator, and who was the idol of his
worship; and now he attacks the administra
tion of the 6th December, who spared hi* life.
“The acts of the Senate form his political
sentence, and in them are deposited the voles he
gave in compliance with the orders of the dicta
tor, before whom he shamefully humiliated
himself. The memorable 6 h of December
drew him from deserts, from lhe society of wild
beasts, and now he wants to arrogate to himself
the glory of that day-but no I that glorv be
longs not to Gen. Paredes, nor to any individu
al—but to the nation I”
Mr. Boves finished with a resolution to in
quire into the mutiny at San Luis, which reso
lution was rejected.
A few days afterwards the government re
ceived from Gen. Paredes the following pro
clamation, addressed by him to his troops on
his appointment to command the at my of re
serve.
“Soldiers, the supreme government has or
dered the Ist and3d divisions to be formed into
an army ot reserve, and has condescended to
name me gcneral-in-chief. This proof ol con
fidence imposes upon me a duty to devote my
selfto so generous a country.
Companions in arms! our country raises her
august front to resist the usurpation ol a neigh
boring country, which thinks that our valor
sleeps, and that you arc not the sons of those
heroes whose courage and constancy have been
shown in a hundred fights. A greedy and ava
ricious race has invaded our territory, and sup
poses that we will not defend the patrimony ac
quired by the blood of our fathers. Strange
mistake! We will snatch the spoils from their
rash hands! and dear bought experience will
teach them that they fight not with savage tribes,
and that the Mex’cans fight with enthusiasm
against a people whose laws sanction the most
degrading slavery.
When the supreme government gives the
word, we will march to avenge those insults;
to defend the integrity ol our native soil, lhe re
ligion of our fathers, the laws which they be
queathed to us and the territory which jg oufs
I .'rub'
M v friend*, there is vet
iKe safetyof the
individuals We are , lie crealutflHßl
the people, their props f
your sense of honor, yqjff moderation, and triist ''
you will reservffj'iinr'ardor tor the day of bat- ’'
tie.
Soldiers ! it is my proudest boast to command
you. 1 will show you the road to immortality
—my reward will be to have my nameinscribed
on the annals ot the republic, in an epoch which
will be blessed by a grateful posterity. Long
live the Supreme Government.
Head Quarters, San Luis Potosi, 271 h Au
gust, 1845.
MARIANO PAREDES Y ARAGILLA.
This document was evidently designed to as
sure the central government as to lhe intentions
of the nrmy of the noith. Still they were con
vinced that Paredes was only waiting for an
opportunity to seize upon the government. I
think it very plain that this army nnds it less
dangerous to establish a military dictatorship
111 Mexico than to march against the. Texans.
1 regret niy inahil, • 'examine more at large
the dispute between th* United States and Mexi
co. But as they talk here of nothing but war
and armaments, I have thought it tnaybeuseful
to give an exact account otthe Mexican army.
The country is eternally agitated with theiu
tile questions of federalism and centralism, lhe
true germs ol discord which will precipitate her
ruin. They count much on the new system, as
if it could produce anything more than lhe
triumph of new mediocrities. The men of local
eminence call for this reform, as if it will place
them in ’he high places of the several states.
But they see rot that irom that day the national
unity is broken, and lhe disinemberment oi lhe
republic becomes inevitable.
it requires no great political perspicacity to
perceive in lhe dissensions which agitate Mexi
co, the signs oi approaching dissolution. As
regards the interests of civilization we ought to
rejoice, as the vast and fertile plainsof that coun
try must pass into your possession. Civiliza
tion is to be extended by lhe American people
over lhe immense territory of the United States
and Mexico united. We follow yon with our
hopes and prayers in this gigantic scheme, which
has no parallel in either ancient or modern
limes.
A fertile but desert territory, capable of leed
in:,'one hundred millions ol men, peopled by
seven millions, is at your door. A race, hostile
io labor and io improvement, wishes to occupy
it to the exclusion of all others. Each day, by
its lawsand revolutions, it insults older nations
and outrages civilization. It refuses to the
exuberant population of Europe land on which
it may live peaceable and laborious. Surely II
is not in the design of Providence that so selfish
a race should hold this vast territory, so fertile
and of which the slightest production would suf
fice lot the whole population, when on the old
continent there are millions of families who
claim only work and bread. May this territory
pass into the hands ol a more intelligent and
hospitable people! May it form part of your
happy Union!”
Important Arrests.—Dr. Angel and Plea
sant Harris—parties not unknown to fame—
were arrested by the Secund Municipality po
lice on Wednesday night, charged with swin
dling, counterfeiting, Ac. Harris has been for
some time a “ marked man” by the police, as he
was seen with dies in his possession, in March
last, for mat ufaclnring Mexican dollars; but
owing to his adroitness, the police were unable
to gel at them. About ten days ago he offered
to sell to a man who keeps a store in Basin street,
for SISO good money, four boxes of specie—
about 84(10—all counterfeit, but so well execu
ted, from the specimens shown, as almost to defy
detection, pretending merely to b» acting as the
agent of another. The terms were agreed upon,
and a rendezvous appointed for the delivery or
the spurious coin in St. Francis street, between
Poydras street and Lafayette Square, at 10
o’clock on Wednesday night. Capt. Winters
was pul in possession of all the facts, and pre
pared to act accordingly. At the appointed liiue„
Harris and his principal, Dr. Ange), appeared
carrying a box, appatenlly of specie, and while
in the act of transferring it to the purchaser,
were arrested by the police, who were secretly
watching all their movements. On examining-
Ute box, it was.lound to he filled with briMals!
the object of Harris and Angel being to swindle
the purchaser out of his ®l5O. On Harris’s,
peison were found 850 of counterfeit ludiamt
batik bills, which he said he got from Dr. Angel
to pass off; and in his room the police officer*
found two trunks ol skeleton keys, three pick
locks, and a lot of admirably executed steel-let
tered punches, for stamping coin.
The Recorder sent both Angel and Harris to
the workhouse for the present, until the papers
could be laid before the Attorney General, when
they will be transferred, in all probability, to the
Pai ish Prison, to await their trial before the
Criminal Court.—A’. O. Picayune, 12M.
Harmony in the Cabinet.—The Washing
ton Union, in reference to the many reports to
the contrary which have been embodied by the
letter writers for the press, asserts most positive
ly, roundly and unequivocally, that there are no
‘‘dissentions” in the Cabinet, and not one ol
the secret iries in “ill < dor" with his col*,
leagues.