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FRIDAY MORNING. AUGUST 14, 1816.
Adjournment of Congress.
We feel satisfied the whole conn tn will unite
in their congratulations upon the event, and we
most cordially congratulate the Country and Con
gress, that the latter have performed one act (the
last in the drama) which will excite such a univer
sal feeling of .pleasure among the American peo
ple. The ccuntry will no longer look to Wash
ington with that anxiety, nor feel that suspense,
which they have been wont, because of the evil
portent of things for some months past.
The news of the adjournment will afford relief,
and the patriot will breathe freer and easier, now
that the country is relieved for a few months from
the legislation and evil deeds of a faction, who
have shown themselves capable of sacrificing the
best and highest interests of the Country at the
shrine of Party. <
(O’ The Hons. John M. Bkrrrea, H. Cobb, and
J. 11. Lumpkin, passed through this city yesterday
evening, on their way from Washington.
New Cotton.— The New Orleans Times of
the Bth inst., says: The steamer Paul Jones,
Capt. Walworth, brought down yesterday the
first bale oi new Cotton, from the plantation of
A. G. McNutt, Warren county. Miss., consign
ed lo Messrs. Wm. Laughlin & Co. It is of
small dimensions, weighing only two hundred
pounds, and from an examination of the qual
ity, has evidently been picked before the plant,
had obtained a proper maturity, and is likewise
very badly ginned. The color, however, is clear
and the staple good.
This bale has. to all appearances, been pre
pared with the view of obtaining the credit of
having sent the first new Colton to market. It
by no means alters our opinion of the back
wardness of the season, which is fully a fort
night or three weeks later than last year.
P- S. Since penning the foregoing, the bale
has been sold at 14 cents per lb., purely a fancy
price.
New Books.
Mr. Richards has laid on our table the fol
lowing new books and serials;
The. Life of Canning, by Bell—being No.
16 of Harpers’ new miscellany. We have not
yet had time to examine the Memoir before us
ofthis eminent English statesman.
The Statesmen of the CommanweallJi of Eng
land, by John Forster, is the title of a new serial,
to be completed in five parts, the first No. of
which is before us.
Captain O';Sulliran, or Adventures Civil
and Military, of a Gentleman on Half-pay—by
Maxwell. A novel: cheap form.
Pictorial History of England, No. 5.
Wantlering-ji, r„ L .;«, n .ctreilinnil, N 0.17.
Harper's Illuminated Shot;speare,llws.D*', 94,
95, 96.
Aforse’s Ccrographic Maps, Nos. 6 and 7, em
bracing mans ol New York; New York City
and vicinity; Florida West; Alabama; Con
necticut; Georgia; Canada East; and Nogth
America.
All from the press ol the Harper’s.
3QrWe learn from a letter, that on Wednes
day last, says the Mobile Tribune of Monday
the 9th inst., orders were received at Pensacola
for the Revenue Cotter Wolcott, Cap,. Fatio, to
immediately proceed with important despatches
from Washington city, for Coin. Connor, off
Vera Cruz. The purport of these despatches
of course are not known, but they must be ol
importance from the fact that the Wolcott was.
undergoing a thorough overhauling, painting,
&c., and she would hardly be called into sex
service until these necessary repaiis were com
pleted, unless in case of an emergency.
Larue Mass or Native Silver.—The Lake •
Superior News of the 28th lilt, says: “We
were shown on Saturday last a mass of jmn:
silver from the Engle River works of the Lake
Superior Company, weighing six pounds and
tenovnrcs\ It was ol the boulder character,
and discovered a a depth of forty-five feet be
low the surface of the river, among several;
boulders of copper weighing from one to eight
pounds. The silver is now on its way to H»n.
David Henshaw, of Boston,Jthe President of the-
Lake Superior Company.
KiDNArrtNa.—The Memphis Eagle of the J7th “
ult. says that William Harris, a preacher, dentist.
Sec., has been convicted there of kidnapping x
slave boy from Mr. Bowles, and sentenced to the
penitentiary for five years, the jury recommending ,
him to the mercy of the court the only contin
gency by which,we presume, they were enabled
to agree upon a verdict, after being out sir days.
The defence set up was insanity, which, unfor
tunately for Harris, burst out suddenly after bis
i rest for the crime.
Thf. Vice President.—We do not care to mul
tiply allusions, says the Baltimore American, to
he vole ot Mr. Vice President ballas in favor of ’
he new anti-protective Tariff. The thing is done,
and the man no doubt will lie duly apprecia
ed.
But some of the over zealous friends of Mr. ,
Dallas hare written him a letter to inform him of
he fact of their approbation of his course, to which
Mr. Dallas replies in a style of self-vindication.
f the Vice President will thus keep the matter
before the public he must expect to find that rea
sons upon which he rests his justifications exam
ined, analysed andjudged. The burden of bis de
ence rests upon the allegation that he was pltcdged
do as he has done. He says:
It was inevitable,if for no other reason, because
had openly, in the face and to the knowledge of
the whole country, at the moment I consented to
be|a candidate for the Vice Presidency, promised
tto the majority of the people who should elect
me. I have assented to the conditions or instruc
tions of the canvass of 1844—assented in writ
ing—and that assent had been disseminated w-he;-
cver the democratic press could penetrate. 4 did
so more than once; aud having done so scrupulous
i.. ... i , -v
ly and rigorously abstained from participating in
the election. On no public occasion did it become
or prop?r for me to allude to the topic
of a Tarill. The Pie>iue»jtial candidate. Mr. Polk,
in his letter to our br.nsman, Mr. Kane, very
properly took hi< owr. particular course. I had
uo course to take abr-ut it, having given a compre
hensive pledge to u’.idi* by the sense of a majority,
and the matter of a Tariff being expressly and
emphatically involved in the binding lesoluttons
of those who. without the slightest knowledge, or
expectation, or de > ire on my part, proffered the
nomination for my acceptance.
Now what is to be thought of the candor >t a |
man who considered himself a pledged candidate I
against protection, yet who allowed himself to be ,
throughout Pennsylvania, previous to j
the election, as a friend to the protective prin-iple
•nd to the Tariff of 1542 ? The previous course I
of Mr. Dallas on the subject of protection, his
üblished spcecheshis recorded votes, all went to
strengthen the declarations made in his behalf
that he was strongly in favor of a protective tariff.
Hear what he said ia the Senate U’the United'
States in 1832:
“How has the Tarilf become incorporated al
most inseparably, in our code of legislation'' The
answer may seem to carry’ me somewhat farther
than any of its advocates have yet gonebut my
reflections lead me to the conviction, that it i- a
.’tgilimate scion of tie rtrotation; —that the enrol'r
ug- raent and protects / of our cwn inann thtfures
wer< objects •'ontcmplGt- it by thcSarcs and soldi era
of that epoch, gs alirr f ! ;.
“The pow r t » regulate commerce, and thus to
keep our industry an-1 resources subservient »o
her, wa- conceded by the colonies to the mother
country. It was, however,one ot the leading pow-
of sovereignty,the efficiency of which unavr
went frequent canvass, and to the enjor ment and
exeui''* of which they aimed, the moment the
word Independence w.i> uttered. The design of
(i'cat Britain was toextoi t levenue on articles ex
ported thence to the colonies here, and which .*he
prohibited the colonics fiom manufacturing for
themselves. Hence, independence, ro.sihtar.ee to
the revenue acts, and the establishment of our own
factories, were simultaneous and. associating
ideas ”
It Mr. Dallas had changed his opinions, or if his
acceptance of the nomination cm 181! bound him,
in his own judgment, to go against his prcviou-ly
declared convictions ont he subject of the Tariff,
he should have taken the fust opportunity during
thecanvass of letting that fact be known. The mat
ter, however, is scarcely worth further discussion
aow.
A Lead Mike discovered in Chester Co.,
Pa.—Twogentlemc n of this city, says th? Phila
delphia Ledger of the 30h ult., writes us that in
pa--sinu r through Chester county, near l’ha*.iix
• ville, on Tuesday, they saw a lead mine which
was discovered the day before by a laboring
man, wliile_digjaing on the law of Peter Kin
sey. They saw the ore tried' and Ten pounds of
ore produced six pounds of pure led.
Florida Pine Apples.—The Charleston
News has been presented with specimens ot this
fruit, raised at St. Lucia, East Florida. They
have been produced with scarcely' any trouble,
and are the product of a second crop, and the
only fruit of th? kind which has been raised in
the United Stales, it is stated that all the tropi
cal fruits are easy of culture in the eastern por-
! lion oi Florida.
1
At a meeting of the machinists, miil-wrights,
blacksmiths and other laborers employed in ihe
Vulcan Iron Works, at Troy, N. Y., held on th? '
20th till, resolutions- were adopted declaring ,
' that it would be imperative, under the new
i rates of duty, to close the business, and pledg- 1
ingthemselves, without reference to pas' po
litical distinctions, hereafter to support no man f
for office who is not in tavor of protecting the 1
American in preference to the British laborer. !
The potato joi, in its most putrid and offen
sive form, has appeared in the vicinity of 1 lari- t
ford, Conneciicut. Acres of potatoes are rotting
in the ground; and those apparently sound, 1
after being dug, in thiee to six days begin to c
decay, in some cases half of them will be* t
come from one-foprth to one-third literally
rotten. The disease has al.:-o appeared in *'
Farmington to an alarming extent.
The Nav igatlon - The
following extract from the charter of the Hud- J
son’s Bay Company is conclusive ax to the per-
petual right ot the Company to the tree navi- [
gation ol ihe Columbia under the late O.egon
Treaty. 'l’he extract is trotn an official copy ‘
of the charter; it was read in the Senate on ;
Fi iday:
Extract hom the charter gt anted to Ute Hudson's *
Bay Company by Charts the 2d, dated. Mau s
the. 2d, in Uu: ttro and twentieth near of his s
rt ign, being ](')“! I, (
The third section provides that the persons .
named, “ and such others as shalh be admitted j
into the said society, as is hereafter expressed,
shall be one body corporate .and politique, in '
deed and in name, by th? name of ihe Governor
and Comnany of Adventures of England, trading '
mto Hndsoids Bay, and them by the name <d
T/tt? Governor and. Company of Adventurers of
' rad' ng jo. to Hudson's Bay. one body
h'mrphtHTqTT.-, U1 , (e ea Tthn mirnnp- <1
really anti hilly forever tor its; 2 ■
successors,” &c. ; :1
Section 12. Anti further we do by these pre- *
sents, tor us, our heirs and successors, make, *
ci cate, and constitute the said Governor and *
Company, lor the time being, aud their sucues- '
sors, the true and absolute lords and proprietors i c
ol the same territories, limits, and places alore- 5
said, and ol all other the premises, saving al- 5
wavs the faith and allegiance and sovereign do- t (
minion to us, our heirs and successors, forth? *
same; to have, hoffi, possess and enjoy the said ’
territories, limits, and places, and allandsingu
lar o:her the premises hereby granted, as afore
said, with their and every ol their rights, mem- ®
bers, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties, and ;1
appattenanees whatsoever, to them the said '
Governor and Company and their successors
Porever, to be holden of us, our heirs and sue- c
cessors, as of our manor ot East Greenwich, in 1
the county of Kent, in free and common soe- v
cage, and not in capite, or by knight service; 1
yielding and paying yearly to us, our heirs and
successers, tor the same, two elks and two black '9
beavers, whensoever and as often as we, our
heirs and successors, shall happen to enter into s
the said countries, territories, anil regions here- d
by granted. j
’ r
A treaty with the Pottawatomie Indians which i
was concluded on the 28th ult., has been offi- \
cially published. By this treaty, the possesso- r
rv right ofthe Polla watamies to some six mil- y
lionsof acres of land is extinguished—five mil- i
lions of valuable land lying between the Mis- *
souri and Mississippi, west of the State of f
lowa and north ot the Slate of Missoni i, and ;
on? million of acres on the Osage river, west
of the latter State. The Stale ot lowa will, by
this treatv, gain a front on the Mississippi j
river of several hundred miles, and that Slate
and the United States obtain possession of five
millions of fruitful and saleable land, towards j
which a large emigration has already been di- (
rected.
The Randolph Negbqes.—The last Piqua t
(Ohio) Register says: “These unfortunate crea- I
tures have again been driven from lands selected i
for them. As we noticed last week, an effort, t
which it was thought would be successful, was j
made to settle them in Shelby county, but like <
the previous attempt in Mercer, it has failed. <
They were driven away by threats of violence.
About one-third of them, we undeistand remained
at Sidney, intending to scatter and find homes *
wherever they ran. The rest, of them catne down ■
here to-day, and are now at the wharf in boats. 1
The present intention is to leave them alonjj !
wherever places can be obtained for them. We
presume, therefore, they will remain in the State,
as it is probable they will find situations for the
whole of them between this and Cincinnati.”
I Disastrous Fire at Meredith Bridge, .\.
IT.—-The following letter we find in ihe Phila
delphia U. S. Gazeite oi Saturday:
Meredith Bridge, August 5,1816.
We have had a terrible fire; 30 buildings are
in ruins, embracing the business part ot the
village, the Gazette building, Post office, While
Mountain Pavillion, with all its stables and
some eight or ten stores.
The fire originated in a shoe peg factory, ki
catcdin the most combustible part of the vil
lage, and spread with pertec’. rapidity for three
hours. The mills on Canal-street (not valua
ble) were all destroyed, but the factories ate
sale. 1 have no time fur further particulars.
Yours, &c.
P. S. The Gazelle office was destroyed, ex
cept some of the types and movables.
A New York letter says—A concern called
the Salisbury Bank exploded to-day, as tar as
the redemption office here is ?or.cerned, and
some of the parties connected with il here have
been arrested on a criminal charge. T’here has
been an er. leaver made within the last two
months to pul its notes in circulation here, but ]
Thompson’s Reporter vetoed it.
-
The New Senator from Maine.—lt appears |
that the election of Mr. Bradbury, who was re- |
cen’iy elected to the United States Senate from |
ihe State of Maine, is. to be contested. The !
Whig members oi the Legi-latur-’ have drawn
up a remonstrance to be presented to the Senate
of the United Stales, in which they aver that the
report of the committee which counted the bal
lots on the part oi the House of Representatives
ol the Maine Legislature was incorrect, inas
much as it declares at least five votes more tor
James W. Bradbuiy, and at least five votes
! i es>s against him, than were actually cast by
! members ot the House and received by said
> committee. They say, and aver that they are
• ready to prove, that the number of votes given
j and received, as aforesaid, for George Evans,
instead of being 49 only, as reported, was in
I fact 53, and that one vote was so given and re
‘ ceive/for William P- Fessenden, which vote
• wa* not reported, and that there were no iess
•: than IS votes so given and received for others,
! together with one blank vote.
Alleging the error sab we stated, and that oth
er errois ate contained in said report, they sav
that these was in tact no election on ibe pail ot
the House; and they the re fare remonstrate a
gainst the right of James W. Bradbury, under
the said declared election, io lake and hold a
seat as a Senator tor ihc State of Maine in the
Senate ot the United States.
LA'i'kM' I’HtLI i StdiAMk
? i ■ -kp
S’l ’KA Al Slll P GIIE AT\V E S'l' E KN.
Six Days Later from l?urop?.
The Steamship Great Capl. Mat
thews, arrived at New York Tuesday morn
ing, betwenff and 7 o’clock', with datis from Li
verpool to the 25ih up. inclusive, being only
six days later. The news, a summary of which
we make up from our ex hangc-, is of little in
terest.
1 he teporied failure of the potato crop in
Ireland has again produced a great demand for
Indian Coin. Large quantities were sold ir.
Liverpool on the 2!hh at a slight advance in
pr ice, it is still, however, the cheapest article
cflood that can be purchased.
The national tribute to the gifted and talent
ed Mr. Cobden progresses most satisfactorily;
it now amounts to neatly The house
ot Messrs. Brown, Shipley, & Co., American
merchants, at Liverpool, heads the list by a sub
scription of 501'0 dollars.
The Overland Mail anived in England on
the 20tb, with dates from Calcutta to tbedth
Jun , and fiom Canton to the 21th May. There
is no news of special interest from that quarter
of the globe. A feariuj accident had occurred
during a hurricane ;.i Loodianab, on the 20th of
Al ay. The ban acks there were blown down,
and #1 men, women, and children of her Majes
ty’s 50th Regiment had perished; 135 have
oeen wounded, and four privates are missiri
The ship Bombay Castle, Capt. Frazer, w -
totally destroyed by fire, on the 28;h of Ma
offSaugur. The Calcutta Englishman, ci t.
Is! June, stales that the 21st May had been fix
for the surrender <.f Kangra. The place, it
said, wilt be given up ur conditionally.
Lord William Russell, brother of the Duk
of Bedford and Lt.rd John Russeil, died at Ge.
non, on the loth ult., age 57.
’Che Psyche French iiigate will leave Brest
shortly for the Gull of Mexico, to convey thither
the new French Plenipotentiary.
'The quantity ot Tobacco sold in France un
der the royal monopoly, in 1815, was 1?| mil
lions of kilogrammes.' producing 107 millions
of francs, (about £ 1,158,300 )
'The elections to engross the entire
attention of the press and the people of France.
In Spain the Queen’s marriage was the gene
ral topic of discussion, with the claims of the
different candidates for her hand.
The hai vest in the south of France is making
some pi ogress, but the result does not seem to
be very satisfactory. 'The extraordinary heat
of the temperature in June and July has’eaused
a notable deficiency in the crops.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of
Mr. James Flora, as Consul at Manchester tor
the United Slates of America.
It appears that the failure in the apple crop is
likely to be general throughout Europe.
It is stated that the Russian government is in
consternation at the apprehended total failure of
the present harvest.
Private letters received at Paris give a detail
ed account of a horrible massacre ot some En
glish and French at Madagascar.
I he ship Matilda anived at Liverpool from
Shanghae, had 40,000 Chinese bricks on board.
A previous importation of 15,000 bad taken
place a few days before.
In 1813, the quantity of iron made weekly in
North and South Staffordshire was 520 tons ;
the make now amounts to 1,530 tons.
'The “learned blacksmith,” Mr. Elihu Bur
ritt, continues to excite much attention in Eng
land. Lie has been lectuiing successfully in
Manchester.
Mr. Brown, the Liverpool merchant, has
been returned to Parliament fur South Lanca
shire, without opposition. Mr. McLane was
stay ing with Mr. Erown on a visit, when the
Gieal Western left. A very handsome address
ol congratulation, on the arrangement of the
Oregon question, was presented to Air. McLane
by the Liverpool Charubei of Commerce, and,
with his reply, is published in the European
Times.
“ 'J'o J//.T A’.rreZ/c;;<?/Louts McLane, Esq , Min
ister Plcnipotcutiarij f iom the United Slates of
Amer tea to Great, Britain:
“Sm—The Ameiiean Chamber of Com
merce of Liverpool desire to express to you the
, .. . they entertain ot the value
and importance ot me muivM- j...
have recently made for maintaining friendly re
lations between Great Britain and the United
States. The merchants of Liverpool have read
with great pleasure, and heartily concur in the
opinion which Lord Aberdeen, in his place in
Parliament, expressed ot the services which
you .have rendered to your own country and lo
ours. Although the consciousness ot having
labored to promote the welfare ot mankind, is
in itself a great reward, it cannot tail to aflbrd
you additional pleasure to leatn that those who
have anxiously watched the progress ol the ne
gotiations, nuw happily terminated, have duly
appreciated the patience, ability and temper by
which your conduct has been distinguished.
Whilst you have carefully maintained the hon
or of the Ur.ited States, you have largely con
tributed to save both nations from the horrors of
war. The highest renown belongs to such la
bors, and their true value will not be measure<t
by the successful tenuimition of the Oregon
question alone.
“The example which ha’*s been set by the
statesmen of two great nations thus settling by
discussion, and in a spirit of inuderation and
justice, disputes of long standing, and, frc.’n
peculiar circumstances, (>f the gravest political
importance, is of inestimable valuP to the
world. Entertaining tor your character the
most sincere respect, and particularly for this
portion of it which we have observed in your
intercourse with our own government, we beg
you lo accept the expression of our high esteem,
and our best wishes for your continued health
and happiness.
“ Liverpool, 29th July, 1846.”
The warm and just compliments cont ained
in this address, compliments that will be uni
versally concurred in by his counirj men at home
and abroad, were replied to by Mr. .McLane, in
language that is a.ike honorable to himself, to
the position he occupies and to the character ot
his country, and though what he says in rela
tion to the temper and feeling in which the ne
gotiation was conducted on the part ot our Go
vernment, is pushing that matter quite as far as
the facts of the case will bear him out, we sup
pose he was warranted in it, by the circum
stances under which he was acting. The re
sponse of Mr. McLane was in this language :
“ Although 1 must ask you to be content with
a brief acknowledgment of the address you have
kindly made tome, and to the flattering esti
mate you have been pleased to place upon the
servicesit was in my power io render during
the recent negotiations to which yon refer. I beg
you io be assured that 1 am not the less grateful
for your approbation of my conduct. To no
one can the result which ha* so happily crown
ed these negotiations give greater satisfaction
than it has done to me; and I never doubled
that 1 could not render a more patiiotic service
to my own country, or one more acceptable or
of greater importance to the world at large, than
by contributing any assistance in my power
towards the preservation of peace, upon honor
able terms, between two kindred nations, whose
prosperity I believe to be intimately interwoven
with each other.
“ It A benota reproach,! have always thought
it was to be lamented that the peace ot two such
nations, with so many motives to encourage
and so few to disturb it, should have been so
often and seriously threatened by causes which,
when subjected to’ihe management of calm rea
son and honorable dealing would immediately
disappear.
“Upon the present occasion, while I must
bear ample testimony to the ample policy and
good faith of my own government, it affords
me unfeigned satisfaction to confess that to the
sincere and unwavering desire ot peace, it to
be honorably maintained, and to the manly,
straight-torward temper with which the nego
tiations were conducted by the distinguished
minister to whom you have referred, is the re
sult to be in no small degree attributed.
“ I agree with you, gentlemen, in thinking
that the temper manifested by both nations in
tfie settlement of the question ought to be an
example to the world al large, and, may I not
add, that it atiords a sure guarantee of the cor
dial amity by which our future intercourse will
be distinguished. It is gratifying to reflect that
ilie terms upon which the question, at one time
apparently s.» critical, has been adjusted, have
been generally satisfactory the governments
and the people • 1 both countries, leaving noth
ing behind to disturb the harmony ot our fu
ture relations. It is also worthy ol congratu
lation, that by the convention recently concluded
the only remaining question growing out ot the
treat}’ of 1753 has been finally settled, and that
hereafter our people, though ot separate na
tions acknowledging a common origin and.
history, speaking ihe same language, alike
boasting constitutional liberty, regulated by
law, and intimately associated in commerce
and the arts, may start forward in a new career
of international intercourse, without any ap
prehension from any ancient cause of prejudice
or ill-will No one, I assure you, more fer
vently hopes that the future may remain as
free from any fresh cause ot disagreement."
Lord Morpeth has been again returned with
out opposition tor the West Riding of York-
I shire. He made a very eloquent and admira
-1 ble speech on the occasion, beginning by appro-
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY
prime allusions to (he recent important changes
• hat have taken place in the country, and to the
< videi.ee before him that hisconsti<u«?nts intend
ed to give the new administration a fair trial.
He sketched the remarkable union ot parties by
whieh, in obedience to the popular will, the re
peal <d the Coin Laws had been effected, and
paid an extended compliment to Sir Robert
Peel, the only man, in his judgment, who
could have succeeded in carrying that measure.
One beneficial tesuli for which he looked was,
that the poorer classes of England and Ireland
might be
“ 1 eiuptcd, or enabled, (which he feared was
a justcr word to use,) to abandon potatoes as
their necessary and habitual food, and to have
recourse to a higherspeuies of nu’riment—either
to good wheaten bread, or, if that is not always
within tin ir reach; to other grains, and espe
cially.to the flour made fiom Indian coin, which,
by experience, he said he could recommend to
their use and their palate.”
Another beneficial result, he hoped, would be
the oblivion ot all past disputes, and the obli
teration ,of all the acrimony anil animosity
which might have subsisted between different
classe.C?/-! ie said he should concur with the
ministry in the repeal of all difference in the
duties upon free and slave frown sugar, not
because he was any lessopgftsed to slavery than
before, but because he did not believe the mea
sure in question would have upon its continu
ance or abolition any influence whatever. Upon
this point he said, further:
I felt that were we to aggravate the horrors
of the slave trade, ev» n those considerations io
which 1 have alluded ought not to prevail; but.
when it is made clear to in*-? that in ordinary
years we have no demand nt alitor the free
grown sugar, which is produced for the mar
kets of the world, and that, consequently,
when free and slave-grown sugar meet in the
general markets of the world, the same article
can only have one price, and the effect of one
portion of th .1 general marker, such as this
country, compared with the rest of the world,
confining itself wholly to a part ot the free
grown sugar, and sending the rest to mix with
slave-grown sugar in the other general markets,
could only be to drive slave-grown sugar into
other places, instead of the portion of free-grown
sugar which they would send to us, 1 fell that
we were really contributing lo raise thepiice
price c<f slave-grown sugar at the expense of
that which is tree-grown; and, therefore, for a
principle which militated against the whole of
the remaining systemot tree trade, we were pur
suing a very doubtful course even as concerned
th? encouragement ot the slave trade. I felt
that even upon this matter, as upon ail others,
the time was come when 1 might commit my
self without reserve to the universal principles
of free Hade.
Lord Morpeth proceeded to speak of the an
ticipated happy crlect of recent legislation in
promoting the physical comfort ot the laboring
classes, and upon their better and higher inter
ests, and lo enlarge upon the pleasure which
every right-minded man must derive from the
fact that the interests of education were attract
ing so general attention and that a spirit of cul
ture and knowledge was becoming more wide
ly influential among all classes His conclud
ing remarksare in so noble and elevated a spi
rit, and embody so much that is worthy Hie at
tention of all public men, in this country as
well as in England, that we copy it entire:—
“ 1 feel that now, above all others, is the time
for those who are entrusted with the responsi
bilities of government to do every tning in their
power to open the way fur all that can improve
the condition and elevate the character of our
people. (Cheers ) No nobler task can be set
before them. I hope they will be found faithful
lo the great principles which have hitherto
guided their political and public conduct; that
they will make it theirdutyto watch with jeal- 1
ous care the opportunities which may offer 1
themselvesof carrying further ihe sacred prin
®|. les ol civil and religiousfreedom. (Cheers.) 1
1 hope that they will make it a prominent object
of their care to find a clue, if possible, to the
disorders and miseries which have long afflicted
our Irish fellow-countrymen (hear, hear]; and
lhatlhey will feel in every department Os affairs
which come under their cognizance, that the
goverment is a trust in their hands lor the good
of the many, that it is only by conducting the »
universal interests of the nation that they can
hope either to satisfy their own consciences or
obtain a perfect acquittal at the bar of that pub
lic opinion which, 1 again repeat, must now be 1
ihe sovereign arbiter <d ‘ |
riiuui, n.-cu } inat toe lime especi-
ally is’come for discharging the old and worn
sing mere nominal political bye-words, and to
see who can do the most, and who can do the
best, to call out all the resources and good quali
ties, and increase the happiness and virtues of
the great British empire. (Cheers.)
It would seem to me that all the countries
which have occupied the leading places in the
annals oi mankind, have been distinguished by
somc pecu lia r and o verr uli ng ben tand tendency.
In ancient history, if I may carry you back so
tar, the people appear to have been ad
dicted to whatever was pure in taste and perfect
in art. They listened in their theatres to mas
ter pieces ot composition. Their orators have
left models ot perfect eloquence to all succeed
ing time; and they were forever intent upon
adding a fiieze to the temple or a statue to the
portico. The Bomans said they had left to
others the breathing brass and the living mar
ble ; they were intent < n feats of arms, and the
extension of their dominion. In more modern
limes the French nation seems to have combin
ed a taste forth? decorative arts with a taste tor
military glory. Now I cannot accuse ourselves
of any deficiency in our disposition to add to
our territories. (Hear, hear.) 1 do not wish
!hi' country to be indifferent to the culture of
high ait: because I believe that beauty in all its
forms appeals to the noblest impulses of the hu
man soul. What Ido desire with the most fer
vent feeling is, that the peculiar glory ot Eng
land in coming generations, may be a social, an
intellectual and a moral g!ory,(cheers) ihe glory
ol' laws made more equal in practice as well as
in theory, (cheers) ot institutions made more
enlightened, both in their general and in their
special application; the glory ol descending
into the receptacles ol suffering, of filth, of igno
rance, and ofcrime, in order that, by so descend
ing, they may raise and cleanse and illumine
and amend—the glory of industry, whether in
agricultural or manufacturing pursuits encou
ragedot commerce extended—of education
made universal—the glory of drying the tears,
of brightening the hopes, of elevating ihe cha
racter, of recasting the destiny of man, of mak
ing freedom the guarantee of order —toleration
the ally ol religion—government the object of
love—and law the helpmate of virtue,
These arts still peace to happy Britain brings,
These are imperial arts and worthy kings ”
On the evening of the 20 h, Lord Russell
brought forward in the House the ministerial
policy on the Sugar Duties. In referring to the
demand made by certain British Abolitionists
that the United Stales should be excluded from
the benefits of the admission ot Sugar at low
rates ot duty, on account ot slavery, bespoke
as follows:
That the consumption ot cotton wool in this
country, and the useot it in our manufactures
gives an impulse and encouragement to the
slave trade in the United States; and yet, ifany
one were to sav that we would not allow cotton
wool to come into this country—it we were to
say that before we would admit cotton wool we
would force the United States to a solution ot
that tremendous problem that hangs over them
—that tremendous problem, whether they shall
keep their black population in a state ot slave
ry, or whether, applying-the great articles ot
their declaration oi rights, trey shall, at once,
give them the supreme power in many States—
the power they would be entitled to, ot electing
the majority ot representatives—to say, that
we would insiston the emancipation of all their
slaves, or that we would not take their cotton
wool, would be nothing less than insanity.
(Cheers.) Sir, it is the same thing with regard
to several other productions.
His exposition of the policy he intended to
pursue upon this question was full and ab ; e.
At present foreign skive-grown Muscovado Su
gar. (which regulates all other qualities,) is ex
cluded by a duty of 63s per cwt., while foreign
free-grown is admitted at a duly ot 23s 42. The
scale ot duties which is proposed by Lord Rus
sell, in regard to all kinds, is set forth in the fol
lowing table:
Foreign -ZT £* —. 4r " , x
Sugar. J “ c” = "7-
Doub’d reti’d ». d. s. d d. s, d s.d. ■£•
or equal to ; 31 6, 30 0 27 9 25 6 23 1 s j
(I:her refin’d I 1 I . £ - d
nr equal to. 28 0 26 8' 21 S 22 3,20 S g-£ ex
('laved 24 6 23 4, 21 7 19 !'■* 1 *r, -
Muscovado . 21 0 24 0 18 6 17 0 15 <
Molasses 710 7 6. 611 6 4 5 9 £ ’
The Times thinks it possible that a negative
may be put upon this measure, and the Cabinet
hui ousted. It denounces such action as childish
and absurd, and calls upon I’ailiament to sustain
the Ministry in regard to it. Lord Brougham has
given notice of bis intention to submit a resolution
against it, as encouraging African Slavery, and
a protest signed by Thomas Clarkson and others,
has been sent in, urging similar reasons against
its adoption. The subject has been laid over un
til the 24th, in consequence of the death of Lord
Russell’s brother, The Times is very earnest in
pressingthe Ministerial policy upon this question,
and “puts it to the country me fibers, whethe r they
are prepared for an anti-slavery agitation.” It
ridicules sharply the idea that thev aie to embark
in a philanthropic crusade in beha of humanity
at large —in a vein, and with a pointedness of
which the following is a fair specimen :
Only fancy these sensible persons, who hate all
- humbug, especially philanthropical humbug, a
• u'ooddeal more than they hate eny thing else,eithei
in or out of this world, suddenly embarked in a
popular agitation for a very indirect and proble
matical discouragement of slavery.'
A moment’s thought must convince them that
I nature never intended their manly forms and mag
( nanimous minds, their open countenances and hon
est tongues, for the trade of philanthropy. How
in the world will they get up unction and tears m
time ? It takes a life to at quire the prop?’* roll
1 < f the eye, and that particular nasal, without
1 which the most cogent most heart
rending appeals, w ill not go down. The country
may ju <t as well think of sackcloth and ashes,of a
; camp meeting, er an exhibition of unknown
. tongues,as an appeal to the people in behalf of the
children of Ham. It’s no use. They can’t do it.
. Just let any one of them, that is, let any respecta
ble gentlemen,with landed property to the amount
of ten thousand a year, stand with his back to the
fire place in any one of the clubs, and pronounce,
with suitable tone and emphasis, those very im
portant words. “Am I not a man and a brother?’ 1
He will breakdown before he has got half through
that mysterious formula. This is a damning test.
But if the country gentlemen cannot do this, how
can they expect to do all theresi that will cer
tainly he required of them ? Were there but a
little more time, something might be done. We
might have anti-slavery classes at Excter-hall,
for protectionist peers and M. P’s. But wc ques
tion whether ten years daily practice would en
able the Duke of Richmond or Mr. Miles to come
over the old woman. It is not in them.
In another article, written in *3 much more seri
ous vein, the 'lhmes refers to the appalling fact
that, in spite of all that has bevu done by Great
Britain and by France fqjd . States, each
of w* ich effect Jtfrei. trade
in its own territories or under its own flag, that
th? number of slaves exported from Africa has
doubled within the last thirty years, and that it
never was carried on with greater activity than at
the present moment, or with equal barbarity.
The papers annually laid before Parliament are
said to furnish most abundant evidence of this de
plorable truth; and of late years the men who
have been most strenuous in the cause have not
hesitated to avow their convictiopon this point.
In concluding its remarks upon the snbject, the
'rimes says:—
There is no medium between absolute commer
cial non-intercourse with slave countries as a mat
ter of principle and demisting from tbe attempt to
force foreign States into the adoptionof our views.
The true value of these attempts is now ascer
tained ; to insist on them is only to our
failure. Do we then despair of the cause to whieh
the mind of this country is so deeply and conscien
tiously devoted ? By no means. There are two
irresistible powers at work in its behalf.—
The first is the danger which an increasing Afri
can population brings into the heartofevery Ame
lican community, the second is the security which
ahead}’ exists in the British West Indies, and the
success which will, as we confidently anticipate,
one day attend the experiment of free labor and
the opening of the colonial trade.
Commercial Summary.
Every political change, more or less, affects
business. When a ministry is m extremis, it
unhinges all the arrangements of the commer
cial world—unsettles men’s minds, and is pro
ductive of injurious consequences, which are
felt through every artery of the body politic.
Iron, like other articles, is experiencing the un
certainty which clouds the future. Two or
three weeks back the market was buoyant, now
it is depressed. Pig Iron has receded 2s. 6d.
during the last tew days. Not merely Iron, but
a moie elastic market—the Funds, has felt the
consequences at which we have glanced in a
still greater degree. The ra esof discount have
receded, and the money market, as will be seen
from our more detailed report elsewhere, is in a
state of comparative depression.
The Produce markets are also in a slate of
stagnation. Colonial Sugar has, of course, ex
perienced the blow which is involved in the
equalization of the duties. The demand lor
exportation as regards that article has ceased.
A large sale ot colonial Sugar th is week went
off' flatly.
i he Cotton market feels the depression
temporary, it is to be hoped—which prevails.
It has been spiritless during the week, mainly
influenced it will be seen by the stagnation
which prevails in the manufacturing districts.
Prices can hardly be said to have altered, but
w? speak ot the tone of the dealers and spinners <
generally.
In the manufacturing distiicts apathy exists,
increased by one or two continental failures.
The houses did no extensive business in Eng
lish goods, and, occurring at the present time,
In the woolio»u:-4*i-.-Mi'Y*’»rkshire, business
has bc' ,n sensitive, with the existence of
greater confidence, in Leeds goods at the cloth
halls have moved off’ with tolerable freedom.
In Halifax prices are firm; in Huddersfield
stocks are low, and manufacturers cautious.
At the Liverpool market yesterday grain was
somewhat more firm, but the trade purchased
cautiously and prices were but little affected.
The potato disease, which caused so much com
motion last year, has reappeared this year in
various parts of England and Ireland. On such
occasions there is a natural tendency to create
alaim and magnify the evil. Under the influ
ence of the fear which prevailed at the time,
Peel was enabled lo pass his bill fur the repeal
ol the Corn laws; but the evil proved less se
rimis than timid people apprehended, and the
Minisler was charged with furthering ihe de
lusion. On all such occasions selfishness com
bines with an amiable philanthropy to alarm
the public. The/esult, however, in the pre
sent instance, has been to increase the demand
j for Indian wheat, and necessarily to improve
ihe price. Ireland will be the recipient of a
large quantity of Indian wheat, and to the
starved peasantry of that unfortunate country,
when they become used lo it, it cannot fail to
prove a God-send.
State of the English Crops.
Since the sailing of the Hibernia the weath
er has been rather variable. There have been
numerous showers ot rain, and although the at
mosphere has been cool, we believe it has not
been unfavorable to the ripening ot the crops,
which in this neighborhood look well and prom
ise to be very abundant. We are sorry to say
the potato disease has made its appearance to
an alarming extent in the sister kingdom. Men
tion is made in the journals from nearly every
di-trict of Ireland, mat the potato rot has ap
peared in this year’s crop; and many of them
express the most gloomy apprehensions of the
result. The county of Cork would appear to
be peculiarly visited with this scourge. A cor
respondent of the Cork Reporter says—“ The
potato crop is entirely destroyed in Crookhaven,
and around for miles. The blast has been
nearly universal; and such is the effect, that the
stalk and stems thus blasted break off quite rot
ten like, and the young potatoes, where found,
are mostly black. All the change has taken
place within the last fortnight; until then every
thing seemed promising.” There are, we re
gret to say, complaints of the appearance of the
disease in England and the Continent, but we
trust that an a)I-wise Providence may avert the
further spread of such a dire disaster.
The Hirvest in France—Owe letters
express surprise at the height to which prices
are kept up in the various markets in France.
“From every quarter,” says these letters, “we
h-ar <»! the admirable quality, and the more
than ordinary produce, ot the corn crops of this
year. In a week from the present day the en
tire of the harvest south ot Paris (with the ex
ception of oats in some districts) will have been
cut, saved and housed. In Picardy and Nor
mandy the rye and barley are all safe, and
much of the wheat in progress of reaping. The
potatoes will also turn out well. The vintage
promises to be the finest since 1811, exceeding
in quantity that of 1834.”
Failure m Hamburgh.-Accounls from this city
state that an extensive failure has occurred
thereat. Thefirm is that of Messrs. Hinck &
Co., whose liabilities are staled at from £250,•
000 to £400,000. The house has been in ex
istence only fifteen years, and was originally
engaged in the South American and Mexican
trade. We understand that there is little hope
of much dividend being raid, as their ware
houses were cleared a few days before the
failure, and, by the laws of that city, a transfer
ol properly, even in the contemplation ot bank
ruptcy, is legal, and cannot be recovered for the
benefit of the creditors.
The new government have now nearly com
pleted their appointments in this country. The
law oflicets, have entered upon their duties.
The death of Mr. Goold, Master in Chancery,
has resulted in the promotion of Mr. Hatchell,
Q C. This learned gentleman is well spoken
of by all parties.
The difficulties among the Repeal Wardens
still continued; and the weekly meetings of the
Association are occupied in constant bickerings,
paralysing the best exertions ot the friends oi
Irish freedom-
The Evening Post says:—“Lord Cloncurry
ha* resumed the duties of a Privy Councillor
and a magistrate for all Ireland, which he had
discontinued pending the reign ot Lord De
Grey, of Clontarf celebrity, and the most un
constitutional administration of Sir Edward
Sugden.
A very unpleasant affair is reported to have
taken place between Sir David Roche and Mr.
C. Power, M. P., which has originated in some
statement which the latter gentleman had made
in his place in Parliament, relative to a shot
fired last spring assizes at one of the country
grand jury on his way home from the city of
Limerick.
Liverpool Market.
Liverpool, July 25.
Since our circular of the 18th inst., by last
steamer, there has been a very fair demand for
Cotton, but scarcely equal to the quantity offer-
a ing, so that the market wears rather a heavy ap
r pcaranre, and if there he any change in prices it
a is in favor of buyers. The quotations for fair to
day aie 45 for Upland, 5d tor Mobile, and s)d
for Orleans.
t The sales for the week ended this evening have
amounted to 36,690 bales, of which 3,500 have
been taken on speculation and 3 ; 0G0 for export,
v and the American descriptions consist of 6,440
i Upland at 3| a 51; 19,8"0 Orleans at 3| a 6.J;
1 7,380 Alabama and Mobile at 3< a s|, am’ 315
t Sea Island at a 17£d per lb. The import for
the same time has been 60.000 bales, chiefly from
the United States Trade generally at Manches
t ter is in a dull and languid state and both goods
j and yarns continue on the decline..
> Though the weather has been and continues
rather unsettled here, it appears to have been fa
vorable for the progress of the harvest in the
t Southern districts, and a firthcr decline has ta
, ken place in the London Corn marker, and our
own is also rather lower. Western Flour 25 a
’ 26s.chiefly 25s 6.1 per bbl., and Philadelphia and
Baltimore 24s a 24s Gd per bbl. Sour 22s a 22s
6<i ; Wheat 6s a 7s per 70 lbs. Indian corn,
however, has advanced from the late depression
in consequence of the potatoe disease having
again shown itself in the growing crop in some
districts in Ireland, and yellow may now be quo
ted 23 a 295, and white 29 a 30s per quarter. The
duty on wheat is now 6s per qr., and on flour 3s
3d per bbl.
Havre, July 23.
Our Cotton market closed very dull yesterday
evening; the sales were only 600 bales. Hold
ers seem now disposed to offer more cotton, but
upon the whole the state of things remains satis
factory. An accession of 3,100 bales to our
stock took place by the “Cotton Planter,” from
Apalachicola, and u Nestor,” from New Orleans.
SATURDAY MORNING, AUG. 15, 1846.
Our Mexican Relations.
The message ot Mr. Polk to both Houses of
Congress on the Bth inst., in reference to oar
affairs with Mexico, is a singular and mysteri
ous production, it is more evidently impudent
than either. We do not intend now to discuss
the policy, so generally believed lo prevail with
the Administration, of acquiring the possession
of California. The two millions of dollars,
which is asked for in the message tor the
avowed purpose of settling our difficulties with
Mexico, may or may not have been intended to
be used for corrupting influential characters in
that country in order to effect the objects ol the
Administration; but we do not regret the failure
oi the bill, making the appropriation recom
mended, as Mr. Polk did not see proper to indi
cate his designs. We never had confidence
in him or his advisers from the commencement
ol his blind, perverse and blundering adminis
tration. Ti e consistent, wise and statesmanlike
conduct evinced on the Oregon question, con
firmed the ground upon which our want of con
fidence was placed; and the policy pursued, in
this whole Mexican difficulty, has satisfied us
that we could as soon trust a fanatic as the
present fraudulent interloper into the Presiden
tial Chair. Mr. Polk cites two precedents of
appropriations of money, to justify his recom
mendation. But that monej' was placed in the
hands of a Jefferson—this was to be placed in 1
those of a Polk—very different characters these!
In one ot the cases cited, the money was to
aid in negotiations for obtaining Louisiana 1
from the French, with whom we were on friend- 1
ly terms. In the other, it was to buy a peace ,
from the Barbary Powers, by paying them mo
ney at a time when our weakness as a nation,
and our difficulties with both France and Eng
land made it proper and justifiable. j
We are opposed to bribing the Mexicans to ‘
peace with silver and gold. That would be 1
rather humiliating under all the circumstances ■
of the case. We are opposed to bribing the au- <
thorities of Mexico to yield us California, or 1
any other part ofthe Mexican territory in viola- !
lion of the wishes of the people of that country, <
and contrary to the principlesand policy of hon- -
says, in bis message, that it may be con valient i
and proper to pay the Mexican Government in I
advance, some ot ihe money agreed to be paid ‘
by whatever treat}' might be made with her.
But suppose the Senate should refuse to ratify I
the treaty. It would be somewhat hazardous ’
to nay the Mexicans several millions of dollars ,
according to some arrangement of Mr. Polk, I
dependant for its ratification upon the Senate.
Mr. Polk and the Senate have disagreed upon
most public measures since his unworthy oc
cupation of his present station. !
But that portion of the Message which is ,
most barefaced and coolly impudent, is that in i
which he says, “Itis my desire to terminate, as !
it was originally \.q avoid, the existing war with
Mexico, by a peace just and honorable to bo h
parties.” This statement is .about as truly jus
tified by the facts of the case whieh show how
the war was provoked, as his present effort to ,
buy a peace, is consistent with his declaration
(while asking lor men and money for the war,)
that he would a conquer a peace.”
No, Mr. Polk’s glory and conquests in this
unnecessary war will be too heavily freighted
with debt! Mr. Polk begins lo tear that the
people, after gazing upon inc piles of loss and
gain, will conclude that the pile of loss is the
biggest. For that reason it is extremely desir
able to close the war as soon as possible, if he
can bribe the Mexican rulers and cheat the peo
ple into a cession of Mexican territory enough
for fifteen or twenty Stales, at a comparatively
small expense on the part ot the Ur.ited Slates.
We do not wish to be misunderstood. We
desire a peace as early as practicable; a fair
and honorable peace. We do not wish to cheat
orrohthe Mexicansof lheirlands. ifwemust
have California, let us not get it by stealth, but
by a just and honorable purchase.
Western and Atlantic Railroad. —We
perceive by an advertisement of C. F. M. Gar
nett, Engineer, in the Rome Journal, that pro
posals will be received until the 20ih inst., at
Atlanta, for laying down the superstructure on
this road from Oostenaula river to Cross Plains.
We rejoice at this cheering prospect of an early
completion of the road to Cross Plains, and we
should rejoice much more, had the Legislature
at ihe last session appropriated a fund sufficient
lor the completion ot the road to Chattanooga,
its final destination.
Centenary College, Jackson, La —The in
stitution, counting those of every standing, con
tains 161 students. It has eight professors, in the
different departments. This college s under the
patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and
is in a decidedly flourishing condition. The town
of Jackson is situated twelve miles from the Mis
sissippi river, and is remarkably healthy.
The Gallant May.—We learn from Wash
ington, and record the fact with pleasure, (says
the Alexandria Gazette) that the President has
conferred upon Capt. May two brevets—that of
Major for former services in Florida, for which
he was recommended at the lime, and that of
Lieutenant Colonel forhis brilliantcharge upon
the guns of the enemy at the battle of Resaca
de la Palma.
Ad Valorem Duties. —The Baltimore Ame
rican corrects the erroneous impression sought
to be created by some of the Administration
journals in reference to Mr. Clay’s alleged ad
vocacy of ad valorem duties. It says:
•• In refering. tn Mr. Clay’s language on that subject,
they omit lo make mention of the fact that a home vat
u' ion was especially designated as the basis ot the ad
r«. loi em system, which he tavored This, of course,
changes the whole aspect of the case It it were not
for the fraud ot false invoices and tor the low rates ot
valuation made in foreign countries from which goods
are shipped, the principle ol fixing the duty according
• to the value would be a very good one In some cases
where it can be applied without the danger of fraud or
. evasion, as upon articles of known value, the Whigs
admit it.
“ But for the very reason that we have not a home
> valuation, the friends of protection generally prefer
specific daties With snch du'ies the whole process is
’ simple; the efficiency of the duty certain.”
Latest prof Rio De Jaserio— Reported sel
‘ tkment of the difficulties intfie River Plale. — The
' bris St. Alary, Cape White, of Baltimore, ar
! rived al Boston on Wednesday evenin’, with
dates from Rio de Janeiro to the SOlhJune.—-
Captain White says: h was reported at Rio
, Janeiro that the English Packet arrived on the
r 18th, and brought out a settlement of the river
. dispute.
British Annexation.—The principle upon
which the British government proceeds in its pro
cess of acquisition in India seems to be capable of
indefinite extension. The Foreign Quarterly Re
view thus announces it:
“We have received the most legitimate provoca
tion—we have been dragged against our will into
hostilities, and we ought by no means, therefore,
to suffer hypocrisy aud intrigue to blunt the edge
of our just resentment, and preventour proceed
ing at once to the annexation of the Punjaub. It
is a very absurd kind of reasoning to infer from
the extent of our dominious in India, that wc
ought not to enlarge them. Our empire never
can be said to have reached its proper develop
ment, till all obvious sources of disturbance and
troubles shall, as far as possible, have been closed
up. In these matters there is no question of enough,
or too much, apart from the paramount considera
tion of what will suffice to insure to us the undis
turbed government of all the country. Our limits
will always be too confined, till we have left no
room in India for the disturbers of public peace,
great or small. This the country should bear in
mind, and not suffer itself, by the mere show of
moderation and forbearance, to be allured into the
preservation of an inexhaustible source of insur
rection, anarchy, and civil war, in the kingdom of
Lahore.”
Each succeeding act of absorption will render
further acquisitions necessary, until there shall be
no frontier nations to endanger the tranquillity of
British territory. The presence of Russian in
fluence may be found, if further progress is made
towards Persia, to be a more formidable obstacle
to British exteusion than any it has yet encounter
ed.
Great efforts are making to procure subscrip
tions to the stock of a company organized for
the purpose of connecting Cleveland, Ohio, and
Pittsburg, Pa., by a railroad. The Cleveland
Herald says: “The right of way for about
five-eights of the line is secured by proper re
leases, and thus far by gift. Still farther re
leases are promised, and a disposition is mani
fested alongthe line in the interior, which speaks
well for the liberality of the people and the suc
cess of the enterprise. Subscriptions have been
made to the stock to the amount of one hundred
thousand dollars, less a fraction, and assurances
have been made that more stock will be taken
by those who have already subscribed.”
Here be Truths.—Mr. Brownson hit off the
radical or locoloco portion of the democratic
party when he spoke of them ir. the following
language, which is, indubitably, English, and
every man can understand it. He says:
“ When I find men who are steeped in cor
ruption, gorged with the spoils of the people,
holding themselves up as the especial friends of
the people, and loud in their advocacy of the
democratic theory, and in their condemnation
of all who question its soundness, 1 am irresis
tibly led to the beliet that there is something in
theory itself peculiarly favorable lo the prose
cution ot their corrupt designs, and I want no
better evidence to assure me of its utter hostili
ty to the legitimate ends of government. What
we want is not windy professions about liberty
and equality, noisy rant andirothy declamations
about democracy, but subs!antial freedom, how
ever secured, for each individual to perform,
without let or hindrance, his especial functions
in the social body, whether it be the functions of
the head, ofthe hand, orol the foot. Thereat ene
mies of Hus substantial freedom are your demo
cratic politicians, who with their lips praise the
veople, and with their hands pick their pockets, or
those who act the jackals lo their dainty chiefs, who
are too exalted to plunder excepl by prom, ft is
because democracy affords an ample fi-ld to
these political spoilsmen that 1 chiefly distrust
it, and demand the preservation of our constitu
tionalism as some protection against them ot
the massthej’ flatter and plunder.”
“ lie’ll back out, Mr. Speaker,—He’ll back
out, Sir.”
Such was the prediction of John Quincy
Adams, when the President first announced his
lolty pretensions in regard to Oregon, declaring
that our right to the boundary of 54° 40’ was
“clear and unquestionable," and his unchangea
ble determination, by the aid ot Congress, to
enforce that boundary and never to yield one
inch of the soil below it. Judicious men all
over the country lamented this exhibition of
Executive ignorance and folly. They knew
that our title to the boundary claimed was not
“clearjand unquestionable,” they feared that the
country was to be plunged into an unnecessary
and unjust war; that her resources were to be
eui i upled u-ufiftrvt ix>r- W
more than questionable right. They lo ex
pressed themselves in Congress. They en
deavored to arouse the country to a sense of the
danger and the wrong which was threatened.
But above all their expostulations and appre
hensions rose the calm voice of the sagacious
experienced manot Massachusetts— “He'llback
out, Mr. Speaker—he'll back out, sir'." He has
backed out, and with instinciive meanness he
has selected that mode ot backing which was
least creditable to himself and most treacherous
to his friends. Without any notice to the men
who were committed with him to the line of 54“
40', while Mr. Allen was splitting his throat
and tearing the skin from his fingers in defence
of the Executive pretensions, lie sends in a
treaty for the settlement of the boundaiy, on
the terms which he had declared were dishonor
able and pusillanimous.
Now we have no disposition to blame Mr.
Polk for an act which, in itself, is one of the
lew judicious measures which he has taken in
reference to our foreign relations. We have
more than once manifested our disposition to
render to him all the credit that can be justly
claimed lor any of his acts, and in this case we
should be quite willing to leave any strictures
upon the mode in which he has done it, to the
indignation ot the friends whom lie has betray
ed and deserted. But the official organ ofthe
government, as stupid as it is sycophantic, can
not allow even the most discreditable acts of
Mr. Polk to pass without calling upon thepeo
ple for their especial admiralion. It cannot be
made to comprehend that there are some things
of which the less that is said the better, but it
daily flatters Mr. Polk with praise tor his last
act, be that act what it may. The ink is scarce
ly dry with which it lauded Mr. Polk for his
unflinching steadiness upon the line of 54“ 40',
when it equally compliments him for the pru
denceand discretion with which hecompromises
upon 43° —nay, more, it copies with approba
tion a toadying article from a Pennsylvanian
paper, complimenting Mr. Polk upon having
outwitted the British government by a trick
which would be scarcely creditable in a tin ped
lar. According to the Pennsylvanian, as en
dorsed bv the Union—-
“Upto the day of Mr. Polk’s inauguration,
the pretensions ot the Cabinet at Washington
never extended beyond the 49th degree, and the
Cabinet ot St. James has unqualifiedly repelled
these pretensions. Mr. Polk has, indeed, talk
ed 0t54 40; that was the tactic which demand
ed the whole that it might obtain a. part. No
one has ever considered these to have been his
real views, especially of late, since the discus
sions of the Senate have enlightened the pub
lic.” , ,
Here is a confession for the organ of the Go
vernment to make in the face of the world! To
hold the President up as a huckster, naming a
large price when he intended to take a smaller
one. When next the President shall make a
solemn declaration ol the foreign policy which
he intends to pursue, when next he shall mark
out the ground upon which he has determined
to take his stand, the question will rise to every
lip—does he mean what he says, or is he talk
ing for effect? Will he stand by his word or
will he back out?—Providence Journal.
Col. Balie Peyton.—We were informed, at
the time the news ot the disbanding of ihe
Louisiana Volunteers reached this city, that
Col. Peyton would not return with his regiment
to the United States. He went upto Matamo
ros shortly afterwards, and joined Gen. Tay- I
lor’s staffjas a volunteer aid. Since then we
have been told that he has been elected Lieu
tenant Colonel of one of the superb volunteer
regiments from Tennessee. Col. Peyton’s
Louisiana regiment, the National Guards,con
sisted of companies from the interior parishes
of the State, and a nobler band of citizen sol
diers we have never seen. They-have been
sent home; but we believe all of them will be
glad to learn of the success of their late com
mander in attaining a post of responsibility
and distinction in a regiment from his native
Slate. We predict for him a career ot useful
ness and honor. Our congratulations for his
recent good fortune is mixed with condolence
tor an affliction of the severest character. He
is a brother of Ihe late Col. Randolph Peyton,
whose melancholy death is chronicled else
where.— Picayune.
The Albatross—A correspondent of the New
York Journal of Commerce, writing from on board
the U S Frigate Congress, off Cape Hern, says:
“ But of all the objects of nature here the most
interesting is the albatross. This noble bird re
sembles in size and shape, the swan. The: body is
white as the driven snow ; the wings black as the
raven’s. The head has the boldness of the eagle s,
the eve the same flashing defiance. Their wing*
are loo’ large and arching ; upon these they balance
themseTves like the hawk, and without once stri
king the air, sweep through their vast circuits.
They voyage hundreds of miles at sea; and out
of that great element obtain their food. We cap
tured oneby means of a hook, which was baited,at
tached to a long line, and buoyed. by a cork. As
we drew him toward the ship, his female com
panion followed close at his side; and when we
lifted him in, she still hung around the ship. Ha v
ing gratified our curiosity, we let him go,when she
flew to him with the liveliest expression of joy.
What a lesson to those who forsake a trend in ad
versity,”
» MONDAY MORNING. AUGUST 17, 1810.
f Congressional Nominations.
The Whigs of the 3d Congressional District
have nominated Dr. Jones of Pike county, as
• their candidate against the Hon. G. W. B.
1 Towns.
• The Democrats ot the 7th District have nomi
nated Wm. Turner, Esq., of Putnam county,
in opposition to the Hon. A. If Stephens.
Cotton Manufactures —The reader is referred
to the Communication of “P.,”iu this day's paper,
for some interesting tacts on this important sub
ject. The writer is well versed in the practical
operation of the business,and his statements
may, therefore, be relied on as authentic. He is
no theorist on this subject—his facts are drawn
from actual transactions,and arc therefore worthy
cf consideration.
North Carolina Election.
The Whigs will see in the noble conduct of
their brethren in the Old North State, everything
to cheer and animate them. It is now evident
that Mr. Haywood’s views of the wishes of
the people of his State, were not erroneous.—
This splendid triumph shows what the devoted
Whigs of North Carolina think ofa preference
of British over American interests. It indicates
also, the impressions made upon the public
mind by the course ot the Administration in its
conduct of our national affairs.
We honestly believe, that if not unpopular
as yet, as Mr. Tyler’s was, it will become more
so before its close, and will leave behind as
symbols of its existence, general misfortune, and
the universal execrations of the people.
In the last Legislature ot North Carolina,
the parties were tied in the Senate. Hence,
though the Whigs had a majority of more than
twenty in the House, their measures could be
defeated in the Senate. They will now have it
in their power to accomplish them. We get
two Whig Senators of course.
Prophecy not Fulfilled.
The Raleigh Register quotes as below from
the Standard, and accompanies it with a piece
of dry wit that may make the Standard a little
more cautious hereafter. There is some diffe
rence between Graham’s being defeated by a
“signal majority” and getting elected by a ma
jority of eight to ten thousand votes:
From the Standard.
Our candidate for Governor, “ will not only
very materially assist in carrying the Legislature,
bul will de feat Gov. Graham by a signal majori
ty. Let the Register mark this prediction, and
let that paper remember to put it down as it is
on the first Thursday ot August.”
We shall endeavor to oblige the “Standard,”
and pul it down as it is, but we suspect that that
paper would prefer seeing it as it is not.
Senator Haywood.
Washington letter writers say that Mr. Hay
wood has threatened to meet the abuse which
has been so freely heaped upon him for his resig
nation ot his seat tn the Senate, by “showing
up”the proceedings of the “ party” in reference '
to the British tariff bill. We have no doubt it
would be a racy affair. It is said he will show '
that itdid not originate with the Committee of '
Ways and Means who reported it, and that no '
alteration or amendment was made or offered
to it—without a whisper from the palace and
its purlieus. We are anxious to sec the docu- (
men*. Mr. Haywood has been badly treated,
and he will be apt to trench as far as honor will
permit, upon the doings of the innocents. We
hope his spirit of indignation will be huge
enough to prompt him to serve his country by
the expose.
It is said that this patriotic gentleman did not
return iuimediulcly io Iris lioiue in Pennsylva- ,
nia after the adjournment of Congress, preferring |
to spend some time first at some watering place ;
in Virgina. We have no doubt his recent .
course on thetarifl, will meet with more sym- ,
pathy in Virginia that at his home. We hope, ,
however, he is really notairaid to return. The
Whigs would treat him civilly we know. But ,
the Democrats! Ah, there’s the rub! How
would they receive their brother—Vice-President ,
—democratic Dallas? Perhaps he can cheat ,
them again! |
Governor Graham. i
Let the Whigs give honor to Gov. Graham I
for his gallant bearing in the recent canvass.— i
The Raleigh Register, in bearing testimony to ]
the efforts of this noble champion ot Whig i
principles, says: |
“ Personally, Gov. Graham had nothing to i
gain by success,and il he could have consulted •
his wishes, would, gladly, no doubt, have de
clined a re-election. But, selected by his party '
to be its standard bearer, he magnanimously i
discarded all personal considerations of ease and
emolument, and thtew himself in the breach, — ,
Abandoning the comforts ot home, he has tra
versed every parrot the State, to defend Whig
principles, and furnish the friends ot the cause
with arguments to maintain their ground. He
has his reward in the approval of a clear con
science, and the heart-felt verdict of his fellow
citizens in his favor.” '
We say, honor to Gov. Graham and the
true-hearted Whigs of North Carolina!
Military Court of iNauiRY. —We learn
from the Norfolk Beacon that Gen. Gaines con
cluded his defence before the Court on Monday
evening, and that the finding ot the Court was
sealed on Tuesday morning and despatched to
the head of the War Department at Washing
ton. The concluding part of the defence of the
gallant old soldier occupies four columns of
the Beacon.
The last accounts from Fort Leavenworth,
state that Capt. Al len (now Lieut. Col.) had ar
rived there with the five hundred Mormon vol
unteers. They were to leave with all possible
despatch to join Gen. Kearney.
Steam Frigate for Peru.—The Journal of
Commerce says that two captains in the Peru
vian navy have arrived at that port to engage
for the construction ot a steam frigate.
George King, junior partner ot the house of
Holt & Co., extensive Flour dealers and Gro
cers in New York, has absconded, having col
lected bills and borrowed money on the credit of
the firm, to the extent of near twenty thousand
dollars.
W. M. Price, of New-York, whom the
reader will recollect was Mr. Van Buren’s
Swartouting District Attorney, committed sui
cide the other day.
Dying from Home.—The following is an
extract from the Memoirs of the Rev. Mr.
Thatcher, a distinguished clergyman ol Boston,
who died some years since on the continent ol
Europe, whither he had repaired lor the benefit
ot his health;
“ It is a sad thing to think that we must die
away from our home. Tell notthe invalid who
is vearning after a distant country, that the at
mosphere around him is soft, and the gales are
filled with balm, and the flowers are springing
from the green earth: he knows that the softest
air to his heart, would be the air which hangs
over his native land; that more gratefully than
ail the gales of the South, would breathe the
low whispers of anxious affections: that the
verv icicles clinging to bis own eaves, and the
snow beating against his own windows, would
be far more pleasing to his eyes, than the bloom
and verdure which only more forcibly remind
him how lar he is from ihatspot whichisdearer
to him than all the world beside. He may in
deed find estimable friends who will do all in
their power to promote his comfort and assuage
his pains; but they cannot supply the place of
the long known and mute language of his face;
they have not learned to communicate without
hesitation, his wishes, impressions and thoughts
to them. He leels that he is a stranger, and a
more desolate feeling than that could not visit
his soul. How much is expressed by that form
of oriental benediction — may you die among
your kindred.”
Secret for a Farmer’s Wife. — While the
milking of your cowsis going on, let your pans
be placed in a kettle of boiling water. Strain the
milk into one of these hot pans, and proceed in a
like manner with the whole mess of milk ; and
. vou will find that you will have double the quanti
ty of good rich cream, and that you will get dou
ble the quantity of sweet, delicious butter.
VOL.X.-NO. 34.
, For the Chronicle Sentinel.
Manufacture of Cotton.
Messrs. Editors:—As thesubject oi Manu
facturing Cotton is beginning to attract the at
tention ot the Southern public, and as the South
(particularly our own State) is admirably adapt
ed to this branch of industry, perhaps a tew
facts, Illustrative of its profits, may be favor
ably received by at least a portion of your nu
merous readers. With your permission, then,
1 will give as briefly as may be done, some of
the most striking results, with the hope that they
may be instrumental at least in exciting in
quiry. This, I feel almost sure, will be the
means ot bringing into active and beneficial ex
ercise, a part ol the vast amount of labor, capi
tal and natural resources of our State, now un
employed, or il employed, not very profitably.
The results here presented may be realized
by a company organized with a capital ot $75,-
000. With $50,000 invested in the necessary
buildings and machinery, and the remainder in
stock, and to pay the operatives and incidental
expenses for one year
As yet, but little Warp or Twist has been
made at the South finer than No. 12, because
the home demand seldom requires it. For the
Northern market Warp as fine as No. SO would
be required. Numbers from sto 12, inclusive,
conttitule the home demand, and ot these, Nos.
8 and 10 are mostly wanted, in the proportion
ol two to one. These numbers, suitably as
sorted for market, and well baled up, command
in this market 17 cents per pound, when the
Cotton, of which it is made, is worth, in round
bales, 7 cents per pound. In the present infant
state ot the business at the South, the price ot
the Warp is more affected by the price of Cotton
than bj* competition.
In an establishment, with the capital above
stated, the warp can be spun at a cost of not
more than two cents per pound, (and, undercer
tain circumstances, for less ;) the cost of card
ing being three-fourths of a cent per pound, and
the cost of spinning one cent and one-fourth per
pound. Various causes prevent there being
always a full supply of hands; and these cal
culations are based on an average business, not
on a full factory. Again, in a rightly conduct
ed establishment, the wages of each superln
tendant will be high, (taking it for granted that
none but the best will be tolerated,) and as one
could superintend a room much larger than
ihose on which 1 am basing my calculations, it
follows that the cost will be a traction less than
that estimated.
Let me illustrate: A room containing 20
cards will cost some $240 per month, SSO ot
which goes to the superintendant. The work
done in twelve hours would be, say 1,400 lbs.,
which is very heavy. Now, 10 more eards
added would yield 50 per cent, more work, but
the cost of the room would be only about 37J
per cent. more. Hence, (so that the room is
not too large,) the larger the room the less is the
expense in proportion.
To proceed. The amount of Cotten requir
ed would be about 300,000 pounds, but as 10
per cent, is generally allowed for waste, only
270,000 pounds of warp would be made. We
have now the amount invested, the cost ot
stock, the cost of manufacturing, and the worth
of the manufactured article. Let us count up
the year’s business:
Dll.
To sni’nt invested in buildings And machineiy.<so,ooo
“ amount paid lor 300.000 lbs. cotton at 7 eta*. 21,000
“ “ •* “ spinning27o,ooo lbs. warp at
-cents per lb 5,400
'* interest on <76,400 I year at 7 per cent.. 5,316
#31,743
CR
Bypr.qcMikPlJ4794XO.yw- —**■-•
It will be observed that the cotton tor the
whole year is charged, and the interest on it,
by which it is presented in its most unfavorable
aspect; because a six months supply would be
all sufficient, front the fact that many goods
would be sold for cash within that time, and at
the expiration of it the six months paper for
which the warp had been sold would be falling
due.
The above statement is applicable to sales
effected at home. As before remarked, finer
numbers will be required for the Northern mar
ket. As less will be made, less cotton will be
required ; and the finer the number the greater
the cost of production ; because the same pow
er, same number of spindles, and same labor
produces less. The cost attending the transpor
tation and sale, also diminishes the per cent
profit. Hence, ihe competition will be, at pre
sent, for the possession ot a home market.
Those who manufacture the best warp will se
cure this advantage. As there is always agood
demand in New York and Philadelphia, the
inexpert would prefer paying profits there, to
ruinous competition here.
The cost ot spinning a No. 8 is two cents per
round; as it takes twice as long to spin a No.
16, (which is near the average ot what is suita.
ble tor the Northern market, it will cost four
cents per pound to spin a No. 16. This num.
ber is worth at this time in New York 18 cents
per pound. The following statement will show
the result of this operation :
DR.
Building* and machinery#W.ooO
150,000 lbs. Conan at 7 cents 10.500
Manufacturing 135,000 lbs. warp al 4 cent*.• «<e. •’•4ou
Interest 0n565,9(X) one year at7 per cent 4,613
•70,513
Hales 135,000 lbs. warp at 18 cent
Reduct expensea al 2 cents per pound. *
Nett proceeds
(Which is upwatds of 30 per cent, profit on amount
invested and intereat paid.)
The first statement presents the business in
its most favorable results, and the last in its
most unfavorable. A mixed business of warp
and osnaburgs would pay less than the former,
and more than the latter. As it costs nearly or
quite two cents per pound to weave osnaburgs,
and as they will bring only that much more in
the most animated state ofthe market, the addi
tional price obtained will barely repay the addi
tional expense incurred, and the interest on the
capital invested in the machinery required.
A card of 30 inches can easily turn off 60 lbs.
every twelve hours, and, pushed, can turn off 70
lbs.; but this is too much. As this is the most
important stage in the process oi manuiactiir.
ing, particular attention should bp had that the
cards be kept well ground and cleaned, not over
tasked, and under the care of a person every way
qualified, and perfect master of his business.
A throstle at an easy speed can turn off about
80 or 90 lbs. per day, of No. 8, which, as before
stated, is nearly the average of marketable num
bers tor the home consumption.
A loom can turn off about 35 yards per day
with ease, ot the common No. 5 osnaburgs,
weighing half a pound to the yard.
The amount, and the quality of the work,
materially depend upon the speed at which the
machine is driven If the cards are worked be
yond their powers, the cotton is badly carded,
and tull ot motes; and it the throstles are dri
ven at a high speed, the yarn receives less
twist, and having less strength inconsequence,
more frequently breaks in weaving. It is
doubtless true, that where ihe speed is highest,
the profits are the greatest for the time betng, be
cause of the greatly increased amount of work
done lor the same money. But, on the othsr
hand, it is also true, that very high speed jars
ihe building, shatters Ihe machine, and causes
the throstle to have a fluttering motion, which
is injurious to ihe warp, and the machine sooner
becomes unservicable, so that it must be repla
ced by a new one at a much earlier period.
The best warp will inevitably command the
home market, and that it is to the interest ofthe
manufacturer to use every exertion to secure
this market, is placed beyond all cavil by the
two statements presented.
Before leaving the subject, I must call atten
tion to one other item, which is of material tm
nortance, although it is but a small part ofthe