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jVGrar.i,
FRIDAY MORSIXU. SEP I’. 4. 1816.
Correction.—ln our leading article of the
3lst ultimo, reference is made to a letter writ
ten by the Hon. Richard Rush, to George D.
Benton, Esq. ot Kentucky. It should have been (
“ Prentice” instead us f’Benton ” (
Democratic Subserviency.
It is one of the signs ol degeneracy to see the 1
readiness with which a Democratic Congress
bows submissively to the demands and the die- ]
tation of the President. We refer to the pas- ,
sage of the two million bill by tie House ot t
Representatives. The message ot the Presi- ‘
dent was sent to the Senate on the Saluiday be- |
fore the day ot adjournment, asking for that r
large appropriation tone placed in his hands j
without specitying what he intended to do with h
it, and 10l the Democrats, without inquiry, b
without investigation, blind as bats, and sttb-
o
servient as the sycophants around a throne, a
answer on the same day to the call ot his ma- v
jesty, with a ready and submissive yea! Such j 1
conduct is unprecedented in the history of this H
republic, and shows as plain as facts can, that
we are getting ready fur a tyrant in name, as 11
we have already one in reality. Ou r fore
lathers would have demanded to be furnished b
with specifications, before swallowing such a c
Presidential pill as that. Our predecessors ot
even a few years back, would have demanded >|
at least a momentary removal of the Executive
mask. I
Democratic presses have been engaged, ten,
in abusing the Senate lor not passing the bill
afterwards, when, in »he regular order of busi
ness, it did not come up before that body till
within twenty or thirty' minutes ui the hour for j
closing the session. We are aware that some <>
ol the Southern Democrats opposed the bill, be 0
cause ot Mr. Wilmot’s provis.) against slavery, |t
and that some Whigs voted with the mass ol «
Democrais lor it. Some of those Whigs, front ’
Iree Stales, may have gone tor the bill uponthai ]
ground, as the accession ol California would I?
forever place the balance of political power with p|
the South. Doubtles ? many of the Democrats
voted for it from the same consideration. But, v
this feature of the case does not alter the na ure
and truth ot the objection which we have b» en
urging. No one will deny, that but for Mr. i|
Wilmot’s proviso every Southern democrat S(
would have voted for it as well as those who Cl
did. They were ready and willing to place
that large sura of money in the hands of Mr ?i
Polk, without knowing or asking what he in- a
tended to do with it. This is a sign of danger P .
and indicates a decay in public virtue and inde- c<
pendence, which should excite the .fears and w
vigilance ot the people. ''
Our Remarks on the Democratic Address. ,[
The Constitutionalist of the 2nd inst. says, tha*
we had accomplished ‘ three feet and six inches of
editorial in reply to the Democratic Address to the ( .
People of the Eighth Congressional District,” and y
that, as the subject was to be concluded on the <
Ist instant,“we may look out for about a foot and 1
a half more this morning.”
It is evident, that il the Constitutionalist meant (
any thing by the above, it was to taunt ua for I
having so much to say about it! Why do this? 1
Why attempt to ridicule us fur enlarging so much A
upon it ? That address occupies nearly six col- j
umns in the Constitutionalist, our reply nearly (
four in the Chronicle and Sentinel! Our neigh
bor does not tell how many feet and inches the |
address is longer than our reply. If the address t
is a paper profound for its facts and reasoning,
that ought to justify us foi noticing it in remarks, I
two columns less than itself! Wc are compelled |
to infer,therefore, as we arc net justified in the ;
opinion of the Constitutionalist, for our great
length of criticism, that that journal thinks the '
address was not worthy of so much attention. ,
While we shall not debate that point with our i
neighbor, we will say, that wc made the address '
the foundation for more extended remarks than its |
intrinsic weight demanded. (
Wc took the opportunity a fiord cd by it, of say
ing something that we should have said whether
the address had ever found its way to the public or
not. We did not anticipate, however, that in this
indirect way the Constitutionalist would jibe at
the offspring of its own party .’ This is indiscreet,
neighbor, and certainly more honest than forbear-
. ing!
Splendid Engraving.
The subscribers to the “American Arts
Union,” are referred m the notice of T. J. Par
melee, announcing ihe receipt ot the annual
engraving—“ The Capture ol Major Andre.”
Da. Caruthers.— l*he Savannah papers an
nounce the death ol this worthy man and emi
nent citizen of that city. He died at Marietta
For the Chronicle q* Sentinel.
The National Int.lligencer ot the 23th ult.
says: “It would be a fortunate thing tor the
world, if a community of unmixed democrais
could be set apart, in some secure nook of the
earth's surface, in which to carry out, without
letorhindrance, tneir peculiar notionsot govern
ment and of social institutions.”
The idea is a good one; tut I cannot allow
Messrs. Gales & Seaton to take to th- mselves
the credit ot originating it. 1 can assure them
o f the truth ol the following statement: tor I re
ceived il from the bps ot the author ot the re
mark, the day after the occurrence—and, told in
his own peculiar way, it made such an im
pression on me, that I have never forgotten the
old man’s very words, nor {he peculiar emphasis
with which he repeated them.
In April, 1819, the old Federal patty o! Con
necticut made their last great effort, and sus
tained their final defeat. In my native town,
an excellent tavern was kept by an old gentle
man, not better known tor his good tare, than lor
his uncompromising politics. The contest was
a severe one. Parties were so nearly balanced,
that the first Representative was not elected till
alter sunset, alter several unsuccessful ballots,
it was a raw, unpleasant day ; our landlord’s
bar-room was tul! ot voters, many ot whom
happened to be democrais;. The old man was
verv civil to them, till late iu the afternoon,
when he began to fear for the resuit ol tlu* elec
tion, and grew very wrathy. At last he broke
out, “ I wonder what you democrats won hl do,
it you were all penned up in one corner ot crea
tion, with a fence so high that none of you could
gel out, ai d nobody else could get in. What
do you think w.ull become of you?” He
pause I tor a reply, but all was silent. “ Well ”
said he, “if you can’t tell me, 1 can tell you.
The of mu r torment, would ascend up for
ever and ever!” Bantam.
Naval—We learn tr««m the Boston Trans
cript or Saturday, that the razee Independence
would prohablv go io sea that astern on. /X
correspondent of the True Sun. writing from
Boston, gives the following flattering aceouni
of this ship. He says:
The Independence sails for Riode Janeiro di
rect. She is one of finest ships in our navy.
She mounts on her main deck twenty-six long
thirty-twos, and tour Paixhan sixty-eights on
the spar deck, twenty medium thirty-twos, four
Paixhan sixty-eights, two long thirty-twos,
titty-six in ail; small arm«, sixty carbines, sixty
muskets, one hundred and twenty pistols, two
hundred pikes, and one hundred amt twenty cut
lasses; also one six pounder mourned on an
improved carriage, to be used in the field or the
launch, as occasion may require. We take out
seventy five ihousand pounds of powder, thirty
nine hundred b. ingout allowance—the balance
for the squadron.
From Texas.—The Steamship New York.
Capt Phillips, arrived from Gal veston yesterday
morning, having left there on the 26th inst.
Among her passengers came the Hon. Cm rles
F. Mercer, of Virginia.
, ,The accounts in regard to the cotton crop of
lexasare unfavorable. In some parts ot he
lo wer countrj’ it is represented as a total failure,
and though in other portions of the State the
planter will do better, yet the crop will inevi
tably be short.
1 fie time is approaching for another con
gressionai election in Texas,and ihe papers are
talking ot their candida’es. The Hon. Mr.
Pillsbury, the present incumbent, will be a can
didate fu re-election, and will be again opposed
by Col. Williams, who was a “ good secor d” in
the last contest. The local news in the Texas
papers appears to us totally destitute of interest
here.— Picayune ult.
Mexican Documents.
Among the spoils of war, found in the desert
ed camp ol Gen. Arista, after his defeat on the
9th of May, are extracts from two letters,
which have been recently published, by auth >r
ily we presume, in the Washington Union
J ho first is an extract from the instructions of
Gen. Totnel. Minister of War in Mexico, to
Gen Arista, dated April 4, 1816, and purports
to be directions for the plan of the campaign.
It is as follows:
“ Excellent Sir: Your excellency having
merited from his excellency, the President, that
he should name you general-in-chief of the di
vision ot operations on the northern frontier ol
the republic, he has been pleased to order that
in ’he plan ot campaign recommended to your
talents, valor, energy, anti patriotism, the fol
lowing basis should be followed; and which is
not developed in all its details, because these
belong to the general who commands, who finds
himself in view of al! the circumstances which 1
may occur, and which, from a distance, cannot '
be f oreseen.
“ Ist. 'The supreme government desires and
orders that the city of Matamoros be protected
at al! hazards, and sustained by your entire di- I
vision—since il is very important by its silua- I
tton, by its resources, by 1 tie number of its in- J
habitants, and by every sort ol consideration, <
miliiarv, moral and political.
“2. Having in view that the American army, I
not content, with having occupied ’.he depart- t
ment of Texas, has invade i the territories of J
those ot Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, it must
be treated as an enemy ot the nation, and attack- j
ed by every means which war permits, and (
which will be suggested by your military skill ?
and the ground which is now the ‘
theatre of operations.”
The second is an extract from a letter of
President Paredes to Gen. Arista: ,
Mexico, April 18, 1846.
“Comrade and esteemed friend: At the pre- .
•ent date I suppose you at the head of that va- .
liant army, eithei fighting already or preparing r
tor the operations ot a campaign, in which we r
are about to put every thi’ g at stake—our na- ;
ionahty. our liberty,our independence; finall;., (
our social existence itself. Much good do I ,
presage from your presence at the head of our (
valiant sob tiers; inasmuch as from it I prom- (
ise myself victories upon victories, to gain ,
which you may count upon a thousand element® ,
•»t success; upon the constant protection of the
government; upon the enthusiasm of the sol- j
licry; and upon the rising in mass of the p >pu- |
lation ot' the neighborhood against a common
enemy. If politieal reasons did not forbid me,
I would flv to share with mv companions in the I
toils and in the glory which this war must
yield to us. I
“By the same post, important orders will be
communicated to you concerning the military <
operations. Supposing you aheady on the <
il ea're of operations, and with all the forces as- j
semh'ed, it is indispensable that hostilities be
commenced, yourseL’ taking the initiative a- f=
gainst the enemy. (
“ The notification must necessarily be per- t
emptory, and immediately after fail upon him,
and don’t cease until he is annihilated. This
deeply interests the honor ot the nation under
existing circumstances. Our enemy is over
come with fear, and there is no doubt that they I
will all become our prise t er®. Advance, then, 2
with the cry of ‘Live the Republic!’ and cover
your brow with imperishable laurels.” c
The Union accompanies the publication of 1
these extracts, says the Richmond Whig, by a (
brief commentary, the design ol which is to ,
-how, by referen- eto the dates, that the Mexi- J
can authorities had already deicimined upon a 1
war against the United States, prior to the ac- (
lion <4 our own government—and consequently
tha; the preamble of the act passed by Congress :
declaring that war existed, by the act of Mex
ico,” was literally true. It will be a sufficient
replv to this assumption to say that it is scarce- '
ly allowable to cite information obtained after
the assertion of a fact, and which was unknown
to the party making it at thetime, in order to
vindicate its truth. Those instructions to
ilrista were in his own possession, and their
contents were unknown to our government,
when it assumed, as the basis of its action, the
existence of a slate of things of which it then
had no evidence. But we go larther, and say
that even it these documents had been in Mr.
Polk’s possession at the time, and had been by
him laid before Congress, though they migh
have justified a. declaration of war, they would
not have authorized the language of the pre
amble, that “ war exists, by the act ot Mexico.”
In Mexico, as in the Unit' d States, Congress
constitutes a department of the government; and
there, as here, the powei to make war is ex
pressly withheld from the Executive and vested
in that body. No declaration ol war had eman
ated from the only department of the govern
ment ot Mexico authorized to issue it; and
hence, war did not “exist, by the acf of Mexi
co,” since it was not proclaimed by that branch
ot the Mexican governmen’ which could alone
authoriz ’ it. The Mexican government might,
with as •.niich truth, have anticipated us, by de
claring that war exists “by the act of the United
States”—and that, indeed, is the position virtual
ly assumed in the foregoing instructions to Gen.
Arista—because President Polk had directed
the Amet iean forces to take armed possession
of a territory, the title to which was in dispute
between the two countries, but which had been
previously in the actua.l and exclusive occupa
lion of Mexican citizens, who, so tar from be
lieving that they and the soil they cultivated
had been translened to the United States by the
annexation of Texas, without a solitary excep
tion that we are aware of, fled at the approach
of our army, abandoning their homes, and
sought shelter under the Hag to which they sup
posed they owed allegiance. But such a de
claration. had it been made by the Mexican go
vernment would have been as destitute of foun
dation in truth as that made by our own Con
gress; because, even if the disputed territory
between the Rio Nueces and the Rio Grande,
occupied by our army, does in truth belong to
Mexico, its invasion was the act of the Exccu
/zre department ol our government alone, and
not ot the v.’ar-making power, which, although
in session at the lime, the President did not
deign even to consult when he ordered that tin
necessary movement, to which the existence ot
h< stilities, without a declaration ol war by eith
er party, is solemnly attributable. It is an EX
ECU FIVE WAR, whether tne responsibility
ot commencing it really rests upon President
P< Ik or u on President Paredes—a warenteied
intn in defiance ot the constitutional provision,
which, in both countries, wisely withholds from
the Executive the war-making power
It appears, however, from the foregoing docu
ments, that the President of Mexico did, as
early as April,contemplate taking the initiative
in actual hostilities. Gen Arista was instruct
ed to act on ihe offensive. But it is obvious
that Paredes regarded —whether truly or not, it
ts not our purpose at present to inquire —the
. advance of the American a inv to the Rio
Grande as an invasion ot Mexican soil; and he
i was consequently, so regarding it, bound by his
position, without waitmg tor the convocation ol
; the Mexican Congress, to repel it. Let us re
i verse the positions ot the paries, fora better
. understanding of the matter. Suppose, after
the annexation < f Texas to the Uni:ed States,
' and while our Congress was in session, r
. Mexican army had invaded that State, and seiz
ed upon a portion ot its territory the title t<
’ which was in dispute, but which was occupied
I exclusively by American citizens—no one will
t deny that it would have been the duty of Presi
. dent Polk to ‘ repel the invasion” at once, with
» out waiung tor authority from Congress; and
he would doubtless have perfonnei that dutv.—
’ His instructions, in the case supposed, to the
officer-in command of the American forces,
would have been not dissimilar to those of th?
■ Mexican President and Secretary of War to
e Arista. He would have ordered a prompt at
tack upon the invaders, even though they* had
' issued their manifesto in advance, laying claim
n to the country in aded as a part ot the Mexican
confederacy, and promising protection to it*
i- inhabitants. And vet war would not, in tha'
r. case, have existed bu the ad of fh'’ United Spates,
g and such an assumption on the part ot Mexico
n would have been scouted, as alike unjust ano
it preposterous. An! vet is not the case supposed
s, precisely similar to that which has occurred up
y on the Mexican frontier, except that wc are the
u invaders of a territory in dispute, but occupied
exclusively by .cicans, and not they ol a sec
lion occupied by A/z/cricaws!
We have made these remarks now, for the
purpose ol keeping before the view ofihe coun
try the true position of parties, and io check the
obviousdesign of the Executive Organ,by crea
ting an erroneous impression on the public
mind, to shield the President from the conse
quences of his rashness Convinced, as we
are, that, but fur the movement of our army to
the Rio Grande, for which we have never yet
seen any good reason alleged, the controversy
between Mexico and the U. States could have
been amicably adjuste and that all Ihe objects
desired bv the latter could have been attained,
without the great sacrifice of life, the waste of
we are yet to learn how many millions of mo
ney, and all the d -moralizing influences that
follow in the train of war, even upon the most
contracted scale, w»» think that Mr. Polk has
in -ur;ed a feartu! responsibility in unnecessari
iv ptovokiug it. To the responsibility, with
al! its consequences, he ought to be held. We
should rather, however, a wait the termination
of the struggle before we enter into a discussion
of the policy which, led to it; and ue shall
therefore not push the inquiry beyond the lim
its rendered necessary, in our opinion, by the
documents that have been published, for the
purpose, as w? believe, of giving an erroneous
direction to public opinion.
Sales of Public Landa.
The President has put into market an im
mense body ot Public Lands—about ten and a
half millions ot acres—in Wisconsin. lowa,
Missomi, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida
Tne necessity of rai.-ing funds for ihe prosecu
tion of the Mexican war, we presume, has in
duced this policy.
We learn, hum the Union, that the sales in
Wisconsin embrace about 1,130 000 acres, situ
ated north and west of Green B v and Lak*
Winnebago, and between the Wisconsin and
Mississippi rivers—B96,ooo acres in lowa, on
the Red, Cedar, lowa, English, Des Moines
and Gh«iritan rivers—3,l62,ooo acres in Mis
souri, apart near the boundary between Mis
souri and lowa, and the balance in the centre
and south u estern sections ot the State —upwards
ot 3.500,000 acres in Atkansas, lying in detach- 1
ed bodies in almost every pan of tne State— <
nearly 300,000 acres in Mississippi, lying near (
rhe boundary between that State and Alabama,
contiguous also to the Gulf coast, the Bay of
Biloxi, and on Pearl river—upwards of a mil- '
lion and a quarter ol acres in Florida, part ly- j
ing bc-’ween Tampa Bay and the Gulf coast,
pan on and near the Withlacooche river, and ‘
by far the greater portion on the St. Johns. Kis- I
simie, St. Lurie and Indian rivers, Key Bis- c
cayne Bay, Jupiter and Hillsborough inlets.
Can it be expected that purchasers willb 11
found for this immense body of lands, thus
thrown into market at the same lime?— Rich- \
mond. Whig.
Wisconsin.—The population of Wisconsin f
is estimated at 160,000. “Thegrowth of Wis
consin,” says the Buflalo Commercial Adverti
ser, “isone of the most wonderful events in €
our day. Ten years ago. Galena was known I
as l\\e ultima thuletA civilization—ifeivilization
we'e known to exist there—where a few miners
were engag»\l in getting out lead. Green Bay s
was a small trading hamlet and military post. ?
and Milwaukie struck the ear wi'h a strange j
srmi-b obario is sound, less familiat|inan in
nebaLO or Menominee. Here and there, on
the edges ot the territory, might be fount! an
adventurous sealer, or possibly a little cluster 1
of them, whose friends in the East rega r ded ‘
them as farther removed from all civilized s'»- v
ciety, than we should now consider settlers at a
the mouth of tne Yellow Slone. But for the
most part the territory was bur an unbroken c
waste ot forest oak, opening and prairie.”
The population is composed ol emigrants
from New-England and New-York, wim a pretty I
large infusion <»i Gas oagc: and Norwegians. ,
Naval. Commodore Peiry goes out in the "
United Stales steamer Vixen, Capt. Sands, as (
Vice Commodore. She will probably touch a
Havana for fuel.
The Spitfire, Commodore Tatnall, goes to v
Chagres with Com. Nicholson, the bearer < f
despatches f>r the Pacific squadron. She will
probably touch at St. Thomas tor fuel. ’
Both these steamers are intended for the e
squadron of (’ommodoreConner, off Vera Cruz. t
Commodore Perry will hoist hi< 11 ig on b aid
the Mississippi steam frigate- N Y. Express. 7
c
From the Rome Journal.
R«-m*- - , Ga., Aug 28th, 1846.
At a meeting of the Stockholders of the Mem *'
phis Branch Railroad lor the purpose ol organi
zing the company, &c. v
On motion of P C Guieii, W. R.Smith was
chosen chairman, and W. T. Trammell, Sec
ret ary.
Col. Mitchell explained the object of ihe (
meeting and together with Col. Berrien, gave
information ofthe amount of stock subscribed I
and further-progress made preliminary to ihe j
buildingol ihe road. ;
Judge Kingtlun submitted io the cnnsideia
lion ol the meeting an alternative proposition. (
The cue likely to be acceded to, proposes <
that the people ol Floyd county should subscribe ;
stock to the amount ot fifteen hundred shares.
(ne hall required by the charter.) do the grad 1
ing, get and lay down the limbers, establish de- 1
pots, watering houses &c., that they, King and
Tyler would take ihe remaining niieen hundred
and furnish the irons, spikes, engines, &c., as
suring the company at the same time, that from
the most liberal calculation, the aggregate ex
penses in completing the road, would not exceed
sixty-two thousand dollars.
From a want of time to draft certificates, &c.,
on motion ot Col. Mitchell, the meeting adjourn
ed until the tenth of September, at which time
the company is expected to be regularly organi
zed and prepared to pr -ceedto wmlc.
W. R SMI I’H, CYrn.
W. T. Trammell, Sec'y.
‘ The President a Whig in Sentiment.-TIRs
declaration m«y seem stuange, but nevertheless
it is an undeniable fact; and 1 record ii with
proud satisfaction, as being the highest evidence
of the truthfulness of my predictions as to the
effect of Loco Fuco legislation. A Democratic
triendot President Polk called to pay his respects
to the Chief Magistrate, and while in conversa
tion, designing to secure to himsell the most fa
vorable regard of the Executive, he most con
-cientiously and seriously congratulated him
upon the entire success of all hi - great measures
before Congress. The reply was the fust spirit
ed remark and sparkling trtrh that I have yet
heard attributed tu the President, and therefore
let the press give to it a publieitj’ which I seek
forit, and such an one the sentiment truly de
serves. “ Unfortunately for my measures,” re
sponded the President, “ each siuks me and my
party the lower*.”
Such is the opinion of James K. Polk with
regard to ihe effect of the locofoco legislation of
Congress based upon his own recommendations,
and such was, and is, and ever will be. Whig
prediction as to its disastrous operation upon
the Locofoco party and the country. Within
the past three days the sentiment attributed to
Mr. Polk above has been uttered by him, and
which will be reiterated let it be denied from
whatever quarter il may.— Wash Cor. Newark
Daily Adv.
Pennsylvania State Income —We copy the
following from the Harrisburg Union ;
•‘lt mud be highly gratifying, to those who feel
an m erest in the prosperity and credit of our Slate,
to learn that, notwi'hstanding the damages occa
•ooned by the extraordinary tl> ds of last spring,
and the consequent detention of navigation, there
is every probability that the tolls of the year will
exceed those of the last in an amount sufficient to
pay all the expenses ol the extia damages. The
net proceeds ofthe p italic works la«t year, after
paying ail expenses, was between six and seven
hundred thousa d dollars. Wc may, therefore,
calculate on about the same an ount this year, not
withstanding the severe damages to which we have
been subjected. Had no extraordinary casualties
occurred this season, there is every reason to be
lieve that cur net revenue fiomthe canals and rail
road#, would have oeen in the neighborhood of
f91'0.000. ”
We learn from the Frankfort Commonwealth
that the friends <>f the Hon. John L Crittenden
and the Hon. Garrett Davis have determined to
tender them the unit* d compliment of a public bar
becue. at Frankfort, Ky., on Saturday, the 12th of
September. The committee of invitation lender a
hearty welcome to the public. The committee of
arrangements ate making active preparations for
the interesting occasion, confidently expecting a
very large assemblage.
The Union s Excuse for “Rag Money.”—
The Baltimore Patriot hits Squire Riichie verj
nard. It says: The Union labors through a
column to prove that the Treasury dratis issued
Irom the Department, are in strict conformity
with the provisions of the Sub-treasury
Law.
The drafts bear date June 27. The Law
I bears date Avgust 6 !
True economy this, looking ahead! And
’ then again where there is no law , there is no
, transgression! The Department is thus vindi
cated! Long live pure L ’cofocoism !—Alver
» User. '
t Population of Lower Canada.— The Quebec
i G.tz j pe contains a table of the population ol
i Lower Canada, according io the latest census,
which exhibits ihe great preponderance of the
' natives and residents of French origin. The
■ i ntiie population of the province is 690,782
n The number of natives us Canada of French
u origin is 524 307 ;of British origin 83 860 ; ot
d .he continent of Europe 1 329. The number ot
i native® of England is 11.859: ot the United
e States 11.916; of Ireland 43,982, ot Scotland
4 13,393.
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 10. 1846.
SATURDAY MORNING. SEP I’. 5, 1846.
Mr. Clay and Ad Valorem Duties.
In an article in yesterday’s Constitutionalist,
it is said :
“ We proved our assertions by Mr. Clay’s
own language,” “that he (Mr. Clay) in his
speech in March, 1812, was in favor o! ad va
lorem duties, without regard to home valua
tion.”
We think ihe Constitutionalist is mistaken,
in its belief, as above expressed. In our opin
ion, the speech as a whole, or in other words,
all that portion of the speech in reference lo ad
valorem duties, establishes the position that
Mr. Clay was in favor of such duties with the
home valuation.
We shall endeavor to prove this by a few
extracts from the speech in question, which con
tains the expression heretofore published by us,
as well as those given to the public by the Con
stitutionalist. Mr. Clay said :
“I will only say, that, in my opinion, if we
raise but ten millions, without any reference what
ever to proieciion, without lefercnce to any
thing but mere honesty, however small the
amount may be, wc should ourselves assess the
value of the noods on which, we lav the du'y, and
not leave the value to be fixed bv foreigners”
Again :
“ I say, therefore, that independently of all
consideiations of protection, independent.y ot
all ends or motives but the prevention of those
iv. famous frauds which have been the disgrace
of our Custom Hous?—frauds in which the
foreigner, with his double and triple and quad
ruple invoices, ready to be produced as circum
stances may require, fixes the value of the mer
chandise taxed —every consideration of
dignity,justice, and inddp ndeuce demands the
suhsti'miun ufAme valuation in the place ot
foreign.”
Does this look as if Mr. Clay had no regard
to tore valuation? and that too, when
/y/, ’ “national dignity and independence” de
manded it ?
But two or three pages further on, in Mr.
Clay’s speech, we find the extracts published
in the Constitutionalist, in which he expressed
a preference lor ad valorem over specific duties.
But we are unable to see how our neighbor
draws his conclusion from that, that Mr. C. was
in favor of ad valorem duties without regard to
home valuation. Mr. Clay made those remarks
while speakingot and advocating an adherence
to the principles of the compromise of 1833, as
far as practicable and compatible with the pro
duction of a sufficient amount of revenue for an
economical administration ot the government. '
Mr. Clay enters into an analysis ol the princi
ples ot the compromise, which he staled to be
six in number. We will give the two of th?m
applicable to the question before us, in his own
language: '
“ The first principle is, that there should be a 1
fixed rate ot ad valorem duty, and discrimina- 1
lions below ir.” “Fifth, that, after the same
day, (June 30ih, 1842,) the assessment of the
value of all imports should be made at home
and not abroad.” i
This statement of Mr. Clay is made on page 1
517 of Mallory’s Life and Speeches of Henry
Clay. On page 550, he says: “1 am willing,
1 repeat, to adhere to this great principle (ad va- I
lorem duties J as laiddown in the compromise.”
Now, between these two pages, (517 and 550,)
occur the extracts published by the Constitu
tionalist, as proving that Mr. Clay was fur ad '
valorem duties without regard to home valuation
The absurdity of that view of the case is, ,
therefore, apparent. This is still more strength
ened by a remark of Mr. C.’s on the last men- '
tinned page (550 )as follows : «• Assuming that ,
wearetoadhere to this principle, (an ad valorem
doty,) then every one ot the leading principles
of the same act can be adhered lo and carried
fully out,” tec.
Now, we will give an extract or two, upon
which our neighbor relies, to show that Mr
Clay had no regard to home valuation.
On page 548, Mr. C. says: “ What are the
other principles ot the act: First, there is the
principle that a fixed ad valorem duty shall
prevail and be in force at all times. For one,
I am willing to abide by that principle.” Again,
on 519: “Compare the difference between spe
cific and the ad valorem system of duties, and
1 maintain that the latter is justly entitled to the
preference.” “I believe, upon the whole, it is
the best inode.”
It is true, th it the qualification of a home
valuation dues not appear in these sentences,
but the}’ do on page 517, and on page 550,
where Mr. Clay takes leave of this branch of
the subject altogether, with a declaration in its
favor.
But. it may be contended that Mr. Clay was
favorable to ad valorem duties without home
valuation, because this sentence is found also
on page 519: “Again. What has been the
fact irom the origin of the government unti
now ? The articles from which Lie greatest
amount ot revenue has been drawn, such as
woolens, linens, silks, cotions, worsteds, and a
few others, have all been taxed on the ad valo
rem principle, and there has been no difficulty
m the operation.” Thisj expression is taken, to
prove that Mr. Clay favored the principle ot an
ad valorem duty, irrespective of home valua
lion, because he refers to such duties, when
such valuation did not exist, aid says, “there
has been lo difficulty in the operation.”
But let it b? recollected, that he was answer
ing the arguments of some who contended that
ad valorems would not do at all! On page 548
is found as follows: “There are certain vague
notions afloat as to the utility and necessity
specific duties and discrimination, which I am
persuaded arise from a want of a right under
standing of the subject.”
It is evident, that Mr. Clay, in subsequent re
marks, and in the one about the former practice
of the Government, wished to show to these ob
jectors, that these nations about the wZi/iVy and
necessity ofspecific duties were not correct. They
seemed lo think that no other plan could be use
ful or safely practicable. Mr. Clay tells them
that ad valorem duties could werk without diffi
culty as well as specific ones. But all thisdoes
not prove that he was favorable to the former,
without the home valuation, for, on the preceding
page as well as succeeding ones, are found his
declarations in favor of the home valuation,
and his express and emphatic statement that
without il ad valorem duties gave rise to “ in
famous frauds.”
We think that we have shown, that the Con
stitutionalist is mistaken in the opinion, that
Mr. Clay favored that mode ot laying duties
“ without regard to home valuation” —and we
have shown, also, that Mr. Toombs’ objection
to ad valorem dut : es, upon grounds ot fraud,
are not antagonistical to the views of Mr. Clay,
but are directly and cmpkaticaVy sustained by
them.”
Emigrants.
A novel scene for Augusta, was witnessed
by our citizens yesterday afternoon, in the pas
sage through the city of a number (96 of all
ages and sexes) cfemigrants, principally from
Switzerland, on their way lo Tennessee, lo set
tle a tract of land purchased from that State by
a company of Foreigners. They were a hardy
looking race, and their grotesque appearance as
thej’ passed quietly through our streets, excited
much curiosity. They were in charge of an
agent, and took passage on the Georgia Rail
Road for Atlanta, and the terminus ot the State
Road.
, Freshet in the Cape Fear.—The Wilming-
l ton Chronicle of the 2d inst says:— The late
heavy rains have caused the Cape Fear river
to rise to such a degree as to sweep off the
greater portion ot the corn which was planted
i on the lowlands after the subsidence ofthe June
t freshet; that having destroyed nearly’.he whole
f ot the first planting. This second rise lakes
4 from the planidrs on the river the hope of mak-
J ing corn enough for their own use, and leaves
them in a bad predicament.
Our Book Table.
“A Text Book oj Chemistry, for the use ol
Schools and Colleges,” by J. W. Draper, M. D..
is the title of a new work, which we think, from
the brief examination we have been able to give
it, admirably adapted to the proposed purpose—
viz: importing instruction in that by far 100
much neglected branch of science, Chemistry.
To the farmer we believe the study ol Chemis
try will prove a valuable aid in conducting the
opera'ions ot the farm, am! we should rejoice
to see this most interesting and useful branch of
knowledge taught, and thoroughly taught, so
far at least as to secure a practical knowlecge
of its principles, in every school in Uie country
It contains near 300 illustrations, rendering the
woik interesting and of easy comprehension to
the youthful student.
“ Questions on the First Epistle to the Corin
thians,” designed for Bible Classes and Sunday
Schools, by Albert Barnes.
“ Harpers 1 Illuminated Shakspeare” Nos. 101
102, 103 and 104.
“ Martin, or ihe Foundling,” another of Sue’s
woiks, to be published in numbers by the Har
pers’—illustrated.
Grier's Georgia and Carolina Almanac for
1847.
All the above are for sale at the book-store
of Mr. Thos. Richards.
The Fall Elections.—The fail elections
for Congressional and State officers take place
in the following order ot time:
Vermont, Tuesday, September 1.
Maine, Munday, September 14.
Georgia, Monday, October 5.
Arkansas, Monday, October 5.
Maryland, Wednesday, October7.
S. Carolina, Monday, October 12.
Pennsylvania, Tuesday, October 13.
Ohio, Tuesday, October 13.
Mississippi, Monday, November 2.
Michigan, Monday, November 2.
New-York, Tuesday, November 3.
New-Jeisey, Tuesday, November 3.
Massachusetts Monday, November 9.
Delaware, Tuesday, November 10.
Georgia Regiment.—The Columbus Enqui
rer says:—We have been kindly permitted to ;
look over several letters from volunteers of ihe |
Georgia Regiment lo their friends in this city, <
all complaining bitterly of their treatment lately (
with regard to provisionsand other necessaries.
These complaints no doubt are well founded, <
for these provisions have in a great measure 1
to be supplied and distributed out by a certain j
kindot “boys” of which we made mention a ;
few weekssince. No wonder the poor soldiers (
suffer, when every agent, instead of attending to j
his rightful duties, is torturing his brains to
discover what he can make out of Uncle Sam '
Short rations is necessarily semetimes the sol
dier’s fate, but there is no reason, except the «
wanton neglect of the government and its sub- j
alterns, why they should suffer within a few days
sail of New Orleans. It must be from down- ;
right negligence.
Health of the Georgia Regiment. i
The Correspondent ol th?. Savannah Repub- 5
licansays: 1
Near Burita, Aueu®t 17. {
On Thursday, we buried Sam’l R Weems,
of Gi iffin, a private in the Fanning Avengers ” j
He was a young lawyer, and, as lam inform- j
fd by his Captain, ol considerable promise.
He had conducted himself, during his short ca
reer with us, with great propriety, and won the (
confidence of al! who knew him.
Yesterday, we buried three more. Jeremiah
Jacksun, ol ihe Sampler Volunteers; Benj Dean, (
of ihe Canton Volunteers, and Samuel Kenney ’
of the Fanning Avengers, and to-day, W F. [
Davenport, of the kenesaio Rangers. Such ,
mot taiity appears appalling; but our friends at ,
hon e should feel no unnecessary alarm, as '
ihere is really but hide cause tor it. Most ot
these deaths have occurred from imprudent ex- .
posure after a paitial recovery ofthe measles, j
It is the same case with .he Alabama camp, in
which, (luring three < r four weeks past, twenty- ]
five or thirty have died from the same disease; (
near three times as many as we have lost.
In every instance in which thecate has termina- .
ted fatally, both in this and other regiments, the
patient had become convalescent, and either in- (
d'dged extravagamlv, contrary to the orders of
the surgeon, in hearty food or in exposure to the
wea'her. Since this has become generally
known, the men are becoming more prudent;
and. ahhotigh the disease is spreading, we have
no further fears ot ns consequences. It is very
strange that in the Alabama Regiment, which
is on the same ridge and within sixty feet of
ours, tht sickness and death is three times as
great as ours.
The same correspondent, after speaking in
the moM complimentary terms of the. Jasper
Greens, says:
Similar praise is due to five or six other com
panies of the Regiment. Capt. Dili, ot the
Richmond Blues, who has been before in active
service, is one of our most prompt, thorough
and efficient officers and keeps his men in fine
order.
Supplies forthe Army —The St. Louis New
Era states that the steamer Admiral left that
place on the 22d ufi. for New Orleans, with a
large number c«f mules on board, fur the army
in Mexico. On the 23d. the steamer Little
Missouri left for the Missouri liver, with a
number ot wagons intended for the Santa F?
expedition. Nearly every wheelright and
wagon-maker in the city has been busily en
gaged ouilding, tor more than six weeks past;
but the demand has been so pressing that the
government agents have had to buy up old and
secondhand wagons, and still they have not
been able to procure as many as are needed.
White Rats.—The Columbus Enquirer,
says;—A curiosity has been shown us by Capt.
G. \V. E. Bedell, in the shape ot three white
rats (not mice) which rather inclines us to the
opinion that there is something new under the
sun. They were caught in Harris county,
where we understand a number of others of the
same kind have been taken. There is said to
be one almost as red as scarlet. They are a
curious variety and no mistake.
The Union says:
“The veto power receives its character from
the person who exercises it.”
Then, it may be doubted whether the vetoes
of the late session will carry much authority.—
Richmond Times.
Sporting News.—We copy the following from
the last N. Y. Spirit of the Times:
Mr. Laird has Fashion, and four young things at
work, for the ensuing campaign. The old maie i«
in ro f u®t health, and will be “ put through an en
tile course of sprouts !” as they say at Vicksburg.
A gentleman from Florence, Alabama, informs us
that Mr. Van Leer has taken up Peytona, and that
he has a large string in training, including some
young ones of the highest promise. Mr. Kirkman’s
stable will be unusually formidable this season.
P. S.—More recent intelligen' e bv mail informs
us that Van Leer will tram at Florence until the
Ist of October, when he will go to New Orleans.
He has up Peytona, Liatunah, Brothers to Reel
and Peytona—a four year old, out of Queea of
Trump*, two three year olds, one of them an own
brother to Cork, and two two year olds.
Jackson, the “ American Deer,’’ saded in the
“ LivetDOol,” on Saturday for the port of that
name. He does not leave behind him, we regret
to add, a very enviable reputation.
The Pistol Shooting Match, between Mr. Storm
of Baltimore, and Mr Travis of this city, for SIOO
a side, is ta co ne off on Tuesday next, at 4 o’clock
P. M.. at the Abbey Hotel. The} are to shoot
this time with rifle bored pistols at 15 paces.
The Greatest Game YeZ.— * Mrzen,” a well
known co-respondent of this paper, (he is an officer
of the U S. Navy,) writes us that a young gentle
man in Portland, on the 21st inst played a game
of Ten Pins in the presence of himself and several
others, in which he made twelve ten.strikesin suc
cession ! The good people of Portland, M.zen”
says, will back him to any amount.
Peach Trade.—The New York correspond-
the Philadelphia American writes—
The peach business flourishes magnificently.
The steamer Mohegan brought on Saturday 36tX>
baskets from the Messrs. Reybold. in Delaware,
which were disposed ot in a twinkling al 50
rents perbasket. The Messrs. Stevens, from
New Jersey, sent over 2000 baskets ot splendid
fruit, which went off “like hot cakes. ’ The
quantity sold on Saturday morning at the dif
ferent markets was over 18,000 baskets—besides
5000 or 6000 shipped to Boston.
ICr* A ki®s is called tetcnamiquihzlii, by the
native Mexican®. It feels just the way it is
•pelt.
From Oregon.
To the Editor of the inclosed
paper contains a letter from my son in Oregon,
and may interest his friends residing m differ
ent pans ofthe United States, who feel an inter
est in Oregon. Your paper having a very
extensive circulation, induces me to ask ol
you the favor of its publication. Most respect
fully, William Shannon.
Oregon Territory, Feb. 8, 1846.
The return of my iriend Mr. Palmer, of
Franklin county, Indiana, aflords me an oppor
tunity, which 1 fondly accept, of again writing
yon briefly in relation to this country, and the
trip to be performed in gening here.
We arrived in this, ihe first division ot the
territory,safely on the last day of September—
though that was much in advance of the emigra
tion generally. In company with a tew others,
with only five wagons, we procured two boats
at Fort Nesperces, or Walia Walla, and de
scended the great river to the west to Linnton,
a place named in honor ot the late celebrated
senator from Missouri, who took so active and
earnest a part in everything that related to the
interest of this territory. By this method of tra
velling we were enabled to outsirip the balance
of tne company, and arrived here more than a
month earlier than anv preceding emigration;
andeventwo months earlier than someoilhe
companies for the year. In fact, some of the
emigrants are yet at the Dalles, and intend com
ing down the Columbia in ihe spring, as soon
as they can cross the Cascade mountains with
their cattle. There is as yet no wagon route or
pass discovered in these mountains. A small
party of about thirty wagons made the attempt
to crossover them, but failed in gelling through
with their wagons; some ot them remained in
the mountains until December, and, leaving
their wagons, came over on pack horses. The
Cascades are a great barrier to the settlement
of this country, from the lact that there aie
no facilities lor passing down the Columbia
river, except a few very small boats, conse
quently a large emigration will be unable to
get through in the same year. Many ot this
year’s emigration have taken winter quarters
in the Secena division, as ilis called—that is,
above the falls.
Our emigration was very large, yet we made
the trip in good lime, and with less difficulty
than I expected, although the distance actual
ly travelled is tar greater than I supposed.
Agreeably to theaccount which 1 have care
fully kept, the distance is about 2 600 miles
from hereto Knoxville—about 1,500 of which
is through a broken and mountainous country,
yet the travelled road is not so difficult as is
generally supposed by those who have never
been over it. The trip can easily be made irom
any of the western States in six months, with
a careful selection ot teams, and a proper out
fit.
On arriving in this division ot the territory,
on making a careful examination of the coun
try, I must sav that 1 was very agreeably disap
pointed. Instead of finding ihe country a bar
ren waste or desert, 1 find it as rich and fertile
as any part of Illinois. The whole of this
division ofthe territory, so far as I have made a
personal observation, and even the highest hills
(not mountains) is unsurpased in fertility
The land here produces more per acre than it (
does in any pail ol Illinois. For the growth
ot wheat, there is certainly no part of the ,
world equal io Oregon. All kinds ot small
grain grow better here than in the S;ates, and
for garden vegetables it is decidedly the finest |
1 ever have seen. <
There certainly is no country where stock ol (
all kinds do as finely as here. Cattle are good ,
beef at all seasons ot the year. Grazing is fine
all winter: Stock is never grain-fed in this coun
try. The oxen we drove in the teams irom the ,
States are now fat.
This winter is said to be colder than usual, ,
yet there has been but few mornings that the
mercury has been below freezing, and we can (
plow any time in the winter. Speaking of the
winters, reminds me of what 1 have often heard (
in the States, that is, that in Oregon it rains
Constan ly for four months, (in the fall and ,
win er months.) This, however, I have heard ,
disputed, and being anxious to settle the matter
fur myself, as well as to be able to answer the
inquiries of others having an interest in this
direction. I have kept a day book, (being em
ployed on a farm,) and the lime I have lost is as
follows: November 2 lays, December 2, and
January 4 1 have never seen a country where
a man could do as much work in winter as in
Oregon.
As regards the health of this country, there is
but one m>inion, it is remarkably healthy. The
emigration must of necessity be much exposed
after leaving comfortable and well provided
homes in the States, and performing so long a
trip, to sett'e here, at first with so lew of the
comforts and conveniences to which hey wen
accustomed; yet, so tar as I have been infor n
ed, the new emigrants enjoy uninterrupted
health, are in fine spirits and vigor, and all ap
pear well pleased with their new homes. Our
last year’s emigration numbered 4,240. Many
of them have left their families in the States,
desiring to satisfy themselves before breaking
up tneir old homes. So far as lam acquainted,
they all intend bringing their families to Oregon.
Such I know is the intention of Mr. Palmer,
the late representative ot Franklin co.. Indiana.
I wrote you a letter by Dr. White when we
were trailing up Burnt river, which I expected
would reach you eally in December. The
doctor is our Indian agent, and was on his way
to Washington city. We have just heard that
While and his party were all murdered by the
Sioux Indians Mr. Grant, the agent of the
Hudson Bay Company al Fort Hall has writ
ten to Dr. McLaughlin, ot Vancouver, that
such is the tact. Wc still hope, however, that
it may be otherwise. His loss would be much
lamented. He had a large packet of letters
from private individuals, as well as much mat
ter lor Congress, from the legislature ot the
Territorial government of Oregon; for we
have a government here, a governor and le
gislature, together with the usual county offi
cers. Law an I good order are nowhere more
punctually observed. We have a printing press,
churches, and numerous schools. In fine, this
country has all the elements, and that in a high
degree, of geographical, physical, political, and
moral grandeur and progression.
On 'he first day of January, 1816, after travel
ling 3,000 miles, I stood on the shores ot th?
great Pacific, and with unrningled delight gazed
upon the mighty deep.
I have been on the Columbia from Fort Nes
perces, which is situated at the mouth of ihe
Walla Walla river, to its mouth, at the Pacific.
The Columbia, from Nesperces down, has
many falls, or rapids, some ot which are impas
sable. About one hundred miles below Fort
Nesperces, are what is called the Great Falls.
Here the waters ot the great river of the west
rushes through numerous chasms in the rocks
with perpendicular falls, their navigation being
impossible with any kind of craft. A short dis
lance below this is the Dalles, where the entire
butiv ofthe river runs through a narrow space
of 150 walled in bv basaltic columns of
perpendicular rock on either side. Fifty miles
below, andon Ihe north bank stands Fort Van
couver, the principal establishment ofthe Hud
son’s Bay Company. Il consists ot a number
ot buildings, within a stockade, and numbers
several hundred inhabitants. The Wallamelte
enters the Columbia about seven miles below
Vancouver. The Wallamette valley embraces
very nearly the whole ot what i« called the first
division of the territory on the south side ofthe
river Columbia, and is about 100 miles wide,
bv 250 to 300 in length, with numerous tributa
ries, affording the most abundant privileges of
extensive water-power. The Wallamette river
is navigable for steamboats near two hundred
miles from its mouth, except the one obstruction,
the celebrated falls, around which a canal is
now being built.
The Columbia is much contracted at the
mouth, and falls into the Pacific between two
high points or capes of land, one on the right
called Capp Disappointment, and the left Point
Adams. From each of these a sand bar extends
into th? water. Here the waves ot the Pacific
are met in angry violence by the rolling current
of the Columbia, forming a heavy line of break
ers, which tenders the entrance and departure
ot vessels always hazardous. The depth of
water between the bars is 30 feet at the lowest
state of the river. The Columbia abounds in
fish, especially salmon, which forms the princi
pal support lor numerous Indian tribes which
inhabit ihe first and second divisions of the ter
ritory. There are, also, three ships in this
i river; two British ami one American.
For the benefit of vour acquaintances, if
there should be any such wishing to come to
Oregon, and desirous ot any information in re
lation to the journey, 1 propose giving you a
brief outline of the necessaries for the success
■ ful and independent prosecution of the enter
! prise. In the first place, they should have a
1 strong two-horse wagon, light, but well made,
; with six yoke of oxen to each wagon, from four
to six years old, of quick and lively appearance,
of middle size, well formed for travelling; they
should be docile and tractable before starting.
- Shoeing is unnecessary.
There should nut be more than 1200 lb®, per
wagon, and four yoke to the wagon is enough al
) one lime. But in trailing up the Nebraska, or
, Platte, I would drive them all to the wagon, to
) prevent them trom gelling the foot evil fur all
i who have performed the trip can testify that
J loose cattle are much more subject to that dis
? order than those that are kept in the teams;
- tney are not subject to that disease after they
s leave the buffalo country. We have a speedy
and certain cure tor it; which is to bum the
frog of the loot with hot tar and rosin.
e The supply of provisions should be verv ncar
s ly as follows: To each person 250 lbs. ot flour,
100 lbs. of bacon, 20 lbs. of coffee, the same of
sugar, 3 lbs. of saieratus, and rice and drte«
f. uit is very useful.
The men should be dressed with bucks kin
and every family should be supplied with cloth
ingot ail kinds, as it is veiy difficult lo g?<
clothing in this country at present, and it is
twice as high here as in the States owing to th»
scarcity and want of competition. 1 would ad
vise—-strongly advise—every one to bring all
the clothing they can, as it will increase th»
weight ot their loading but little, and will be ol
more use to them than anything else they can
bring. Good rifles are very requisite, and they
will sell lor from 30 to 75 dollars. American
horses ar? very high in this country; in fact
there are but lew here. American mares will
sell for S2OO and they will rome the whole trip,
if carefully used, and be in good condition when
they arrive. It requires some care however,
to prevent the Indians from stealing'hem. 1
w’ould say, let no man start to this country
without a good mare, it he can procure one.
Cows sell for about SSO; oxen SIOO per yoke.
Sheep are much needed here, and i am inform
ed by those who have driven them from the
States, that they stand the trip as well as any
other kind ol stock. This country is admira
bly calculated for growing wool.
Mechanics of all kinds get high prices for
labor. Making scouring plows would be a great
business in this country, as the soil is well cal
culated for plows of that construction. Com
panics should be small—not mure than ten or
twelve wagons should travel together, as they
will go with greater speed, and more ease. Their
stock will do belter, and their loss of cattle
much less. They should have as few laws and
officers as possible; should travel some every
day, and not get impatient. The whole trip can
be made and have grass every night for the
stock. There is but little difficulty in getting
fuel: where there is no wood, dried willows, or
sage, we use buis de vacke t which is found in
great abundance in the buffalo country, and
answers a good purpose. The emigrants should
always start as early as the first ot Mav, or
sooner, il the grass will admit. It is a long’trip,
but can be made with greater ease thanthesame
distance in any other country in a slate ol na
ture. The people of the States, I know, haee
heard much about the tall timber in this country,
and it is probably all true. There are as mag
nificent trees hers as ever man saw; and trees
from 150 to 300 feet in height are not uncom
mon. The principal growth of timber in Ore
gon is pine, white and red fir, cedar, ash, and
various kinds of oak, and many other species
that you have never seen.
I should be p'eased to write you more, but to
give you a detailed account of our trip, and the
general geographical features of tl e country, so
tar as it nas come under mv limited observation,
would be too irksome a task, as well as too
burdensome for a traveller to carry so far. Ore
gon is my home.
Yours, &c., WESLEY SHANNON.
Muscogee Rail Road.
Columbus, Gko., Aug 29, 1846.
At a meeting ot the corporators ot the Mus
cogee Railroad, held in said city on this day,
present John G. Winter, Chairman, John Banks,
A. H. Flewellen, John H. Howard, James R.
Jones, Wm. A Redd, Hines Holt and P. T.
Schley, being a majority ot the corporators,
Col. i anks, from the committee heretofore ap
oointed for that purpose, reported the following
resolutions—which, upon the motion of Col.
Holt, were unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That the following rules and regu
lations be adopted for the purpose ot carrying
out the Charter of "The Muscogee Railroad
Company,” and of providing forthe subscrip
tions to the stock thereof—
-Ist. The capital slock of "The Muscogee
Railroad Company” shall be seven hundred
ihousand dollars, until the same is increased by
the corporators or the board ot directors, hereat
■er to be elected ; to bedivided intoseven thou
sand shates, of the value ol one hundred dollars
each.
2d. That books for subscriptions to the stock
of said Company shall be opened on Saturday
the 26th day of September next, at the city of
Columbus, tor two thousand shares, amounting
to two hundred thousand collars, under the su
perintendence of Abner H. Flewellen. John H.
Howard, J. I. Moses, William A. Redd and
Wiley Williams, or any three ot them.
At Talbotton, in Talbot county, tor one thou
sand shares, amounting to one hundred thou
sand dollars, under the superintendence of Dr
H. P Smead, Robert Dixon, Barnard Hill. G.
W. Towns and Allen Owen, or any three ot
them.
At Thomaston, in Upson county, for one
thousand shares, amounting to one hundred
ihousand dollars, under the superintendence of
D. B. Grant, Gen. E. Turner, Thomas Goode,
O. C. Gibson and Thomas Flewellen, or any
three of them.
At the city ot Macon for one thousand shares,
amounting to one hundreu thousand dollars,
under the superintendence of Jerry Cowles,
James Nesbit, J J. Gresham, Thadeus G. Holl
and John Ross, or any three of them.
At the city ot Savannah for two Ihousand
shares, amounting to two hundred thousand dol
lars, under the superintendence of R. R Cuyler,
Evererd Hamilton, John W. Anderson, Asa
Holt and Edward Padelford, or any three ol
them.
3d. It shall be the duty of said Commission
ers to keep said books open lor receiving sub
scriptions to the stock of said company forthe
space of ten days, at each ot said places, unless
the shares should sooner be subscribed lor; and
they shall require from each subscriber for stock
the payment ot two and a hall per cent, upon
the amount ot his subscription, al the time ot
subscribing therefor; upon which payment said
commissioners receiving the subscription as
aforesaid, shall give to each subscriber a cer
tificate, showing the number of shares tor which
he has subscribed, and the amount which he
has paid thereon.
4th. Immediately alter the closing of said
books of subscription, il shall be the duty of said
commissioners at Talbotton, Thomaston, Ma
con and Savannah to make a return thereof,
properly certified by them, to the commissioners
lor opening books in the city ot Columbus, to
gether with all sums of money received by
them for subscriptions to the stock of said com
pany; which commissioners at Columbus,
aforesaid, shall immediately thereafter deposit
all monies received by them in Bank, to the cre
dit ot said Company, and make a report lo the
Company ol all the stock subscribed for, the
stockholder’s names, and the amount paid by
each.
5 h When said report shall have been made
by said commissioners, the corporators named
in the charter, or a majority of them, will ap
point a time and place for the meeting of the
subscribers lor stock, in the city ot Columbus,
of which they will give due notice in the pub
lie gazettes of said city; at which time and
place the stockholders will proceed lo the elec
tion of seven Directors, to complete the organ
iza ion of said Company, according to the terms
ot the charier.
6rh. Upon the failure of ihe company to or
ganize by the first day of March next, it shall
be the duty of the said commissioners at Co
lumbus to return to each subscriber for stock
the amount of money which he may have paid
in to any ot the aforesaid commissioners at the
lime of his subscribing for stock in said com
pany. By order ot the Board of Corporators.
JOHN G. WINTER, Chairman.
Wiley Williams, Secretary.
Democratic Economy.
Correspondence of the Journal ot Commerce.
Oswkgo. (N Y.) Aug. 25, 1846.
Major Turnbull, of the United Slates Atmy,
and superintendent for the impiovement ot har
bo'son the Northern Lakes, I learn has just ar
rived here, and 1 regret lo say that, instead of
bringing on as heretofore an appropriation to
complete the breakwater and mole that protects
the commerce to this valuable harbor, he has
orders from his Department to sell all perish
able articles used in their construction—such, I
suppose, as scows to bring stone, and cranes to
raise them.
This is false economy, and at such ports as
this, Rochester, Buffalo, Erie, Cleveland, Chi
cago, &c., will raise a host ot enemies to the
President and his refined constitutional objec
tions. What difference is there, or can there
be made, between building a lighthouse and
breakwater on the seacoast, to preserve the lives
of our mariners, and on the shores of our in
land seas? To be sure, the one is fresh, and
the other issalt; but it will take more of a
casuist than even a constitutional Virginian to
split a hair on a question ot this kind. Away
with such doctrines! The West and the North
will hereafter put their veto on any Presidem
who will not protect the lives of the seamen
engaged in a trade that is as necessary to the
seaboard as their bread, butter, cheese and pro
visions. . ,
There is a proverb of being “ penny wise ana
' pound foolish.” The Government expended
some §7O 000 in dredging boats, &e., to lessen
the overslaugh and objections in the Hudson
■ up to Troy. They were sold the last vear, and
brought 35,000 and odd. An alternated sale of
cranes and boats, ’hat will be wanted with the
next President, if the present cannot change the
t lens ot his spectacles, will produce little, and
much retard the recommencement of work
> when appropriations are made. Surely it must
I he some political enemy ot the President who
: has instigated the order to sell off materials on
- the Northern frontier.
’ Graphic.—A late writer says, that if you
would have an idea ot tbe ocean in a storm
just imagine ten thousand hills and four thou
sand mountains, all drunk, and chasing one
another over newly plowed ground, with lots ol
saverns in it for them to step into now and then.
I —A'. O. Tropic.
MONDAY MORNING. SEP F. 7, 1846.
lifleet of the New Tariff' upon Iron.
We copied from the Constitutionalist, some
dayssince,a statement “that the value of fo
reign iron was raised in anticipation of a large
export to the United States.” This statement
was copied by the Constitutionalist from the
Baltimore Sun, a democratic paper. We took
occasion to say, upon copying it into our
columns, that we thought (according to Demo
cratic doctrine) that iron was to be cheapened
by reducing the duties.
The Constitutionalist of Wednesday last, said:
“We hope the editor has not yet to learn th’l
iron may inctease in price in England, and vet
be sold much cheaper in this country, than
purchasers have been compelled to pay for it,
under the high tariff of 1842 ”
If our information is not incorrect, the price
of pig iron in Liverpool is, at the present time,
orjwas very recently, about S2O per ton. The
cost of bringing it to our markets would be
about $4, making the price $24, independent
ofthe duty—that, under the new tariff, is3o per
cent, which would be six dollars more, if the
duty is added, as the Democrats say, making
the price here 330. Now, it is yet to be ascer
tained how much iron has risen in England.—
They are rejoiced there, that this country is to,
become a more extended and liberal customer
and right off, instead of lowering their prices
from gratitude for the favor conferred, they im
mediately raise them. There have been very
great changes in the price ot iron in England.
The increase in price has been steady lor the
last few years. In 1843 bar iron was as low as
four and a half pounds sterling, it is now at I
least as high as nine. Railroad iron has risen 1
to as high as twelve pounds sterling, or about '
SSB per ton in our money, exchange included.
As we before stated, we have yet to ascertain s
to what extent the recent increase in price has 1
gone. It ma y amount to $2 or $5 per ton. If |
so, the price ot foreign pig iron which we have s
taken, heretofore, to illustrate our views, would
be increased to from $32 to $35 per ton. All 1
who know anything about the prices of domes- '
tic iron, know that pig iron at our manufacto- r
Ties, can be bought at those prices, and interior -
qualities for ten dollars less.
Wc do not pretend to perfect accuracy in
the above statement, as we rely upon memory, c
and not tables, not having them at hand. But,
we will venture to say, that the main facts i
would be si stained by them. i
Destroy our establishments al home, alto- !
gether, and then we will soon see what our t
loving friends across the water will do for us, t
from motivesofgratitudeandgood will. Agreal r
reduction has already been made, and tbe first £
news which reaches us from those who are io
be most benefitted by it, is, that they have raised e
their prices; and, we will venture to say, that |-
they will raise them to a point, equal to that to ji
which (as the Democrats say,) they were forced C
to raise them in this country after paying the du- *’
ty. Time will show.
So far as other articles are concerned, those t
who read tbe late accounts from England, saw 11
that the papers from that country avowed that J
there was an improved feeling in their markets, il
and an advance in their manufactures, in con- 1
sequence of an anticipated opening of our mar- s
kets to them on a more extended scale. This, v
too, was while the relaxation of our duties was ’
anticipated only, as the bill had not then passed
the Senate. t
What a great market England was to be for s
our provisions and bread stuffs! I
Yet, according to the last accounts, wheat had ,
declined from 21 to 3d per bushel, and flour 5d -
per barrel! What a result lot vur- ■
country, our manufacturers and farmersl Wheat ,
and flourgfliiig down and English goods going <
upl American labor going a begging, and j
Englsh pauper labor stepping upon tiptoe with
gladder heart and a brighter face ! American i
laborers becoming paupers, and British pau- '
pers laying aside their rags and poverty for
thecomfons and blessings of competency !
What aglorious change forthe British!! ’
<
New Cotton.—The Picayune of the Ist inst.
says: The steamer Grace Darling, arrived yes- 1
terday from St. Louis, brought one bale of new ,
cotton from Memphis, Tenn., the first from I
that State, consigned to Messrs. Londsdale &
Gray. The total amourt received thisseason, 1
np to last night inclusive, is one hundred and i
twenty-nine bales, as we are told ; up to the 1
same period last year the amount was six thou- (
sand seven hundred and seventeen bales. j
Mules for the Army.
The idea of going to Columbus, Georgia, to I
purchase mules for the use ot the army in J
Mexico, is to us a novel one, and we opine
would not have entered the brain of any other
than an officer of the U. S. Army. Go to Co
lumbus to buy mules! There issomething pe
culiarly rich in .his, and we have no doubt it
has been a tangible idea in and about that city.
Comment would be superfluous—> very day,
aye, every moment of this administration and
its officers, satisfy us, and must convince every
unprejudiced mind, that this is a "great country
and we are a great people,” with a government
reckless of economy and the public weal, ex
travagant and corrupt >n every department and
ramification.
The annexed comments of the Montgomery
(Ala ) Journal on this movement ofthe Govern
ment officers, are not without point and force .
Retrenchment and Economy.— Some twenty
or tnirty waggons, with a drove ot 300 mules
passed through this place on Monday, on their
way to tbe army at Monterey. We learn that
they are but the avanl guatd ot some nine hun
dred, purchased in Georgia, for the use of the
army.
This movement of the government excites
rriieh speculation here, especially among our
returned volunteers—some ot whom, good Polk
men at that, we heard pronounce it a “mon
strous outrage,” unaccountable and indefensi
ble ; that better mules, acclimated, can be bought
and in any desired quantitv, at Matamoros at
ten dollars a head, while these must cos’, the go
vernment, by the time they are delivered at
Brasses, at least one. hundred and fify dollars
each. Moreover, that it possible tor them lo
arrive in time, they would be ot little service,
as beit g upland bred, they could not stand the
Prairie water, and must soon be knocked up
from the effect of that soil on the hoof,
Theseare the opinions of intelligent men, not
biased by party, and recently Irom that country.
It is said in excuse for this extravagance, that
the Mexican mules are too untractaole for har
ness; a volunteer, however, informs us that he
never saw a better and steadier draft than that
made by Arista’s pack mules, captured on the
9th of May, and broken in by Gen. Taylors
teamsters. Even it there was any force tn that
objection, why go to such a distance as Geor
gia to purchase unacclimated mules, when th
country c ntiguous to lhe J* *" c ’
ed with better and cheaper. 1 is .
answer ft is like ‘ carry mg coals to New castle
Showin" culpable extravagance and disregatd
ofthe nublic interest, and is another evidence
of the singular sagacity which has shaped the
policy ot this administration. Mr. Po kjusti
hes his veto ot the French Spoliation bill, which
keeps widows and orphans tor another series
ot weary years,out ot their just claims, by the
pretence of economy, and necessities, of the
treasury; but does not scruple to ’squander vast
sums in a manner and from motives, which
little advantage the public service.
A Recruit for the Army.— Some week or two
since, a Chambers Iriend of ours hearing that
the Quartermaster of the Georgia .Regiment was
purchasing mules for the Govern ment, ai: Co
» lu übtis, at fair prices, took dowi.i a small h»t
| which were taken. One ot them is an animal
ol great age and as respectable as venerable.
He had been, time outofmind, in the tarariv of
his late owner, who could hardly restrain his
tears at parting from him. Bin the “ Govern
ment” fancied him and offered S9O lor him; and
as he was ol no earthly use to any body but the
“Government,” our Iriend felt compelled to
sever the ties which had existed fur twenty live
years, between himseU and his lorrr eared ser
vant Bu he is anxious that the old iellow shall
be properlv treated.. For a year or two he ,
done nothing but “ run in the pastuH* an
the colls the proprieties of Hie: sudden
a return to b 4rd labor, at his age, rt4 c r ‘t p.
VOL.X.--NO. 37.
les ructive to a consrituiion already impaired.
He was originally a tnouse-colored mule, but
the hand of lime has transformed his coal to a
sober grey. We conmend thjs "patriarch of
the heid" to the tender attention of the Govern
ment on the Rio Grande, assuring them that
an honester or an older mule is not lobe found
in Mexico.
Gen. Gaines.—The Portsmouth (Va.) New
Era states that on Saturday last Major General
Gaines received through Ihe Adjutant-General,
orders from ihe War Department lo take com
mand ol the Eastern Division, fixing his head
quarters either at New York, Philadelphia, or
Troy ; that the General has selected New York
as the most important point, and on Monday
atiernoon set out from Norfolk lor the post as
signed him.
News from Fort Leavenworth.—We find
in the St. Louis papers of the 28ih ult. advices
from Fort Leavenworth to the 23d ult. The
Republican says:
We regret to have to announce the death ol
Lieut. Col. Allen, who was in command of the
batallion of Mormon infantry at that post, on
theirroute to join the army under Gen Kearney.
He died on the 234 August, ot congestive fever.
Col. Allen belonged to the regular army, in
which he held the rank of Captain. He was
detached tor this special service by Gen. Kear
ney.
The last two companies of Col. Price’s regi
ment left Fort Leavenworth on Sunday morn
ing, the 231. Nothing laier had been received
from Gen Kearney, and the work of forward
ing supplies was going actively on. Great
scarcity of wagons and teamsters was felt, and
the stock of provisions was accumulating ra
pidly-
A HardCase.—Capt. Kennedv ol Cornpanj
C., Franklin volunteers, ofthe 6th Regiment
ol Louisiana Volunteers, informs’he Picayune,
that in the settlement of the accounts ol bis
men, each one of them is brought $4 in debt
Some of them have left the city, having begged
passages up tbe river; but half of them are still
here, miserably clad and with no means ol sub
sistence. Their case strikes us as peculiarly
hard. We are told that the men were charged
S4O a piece for their clothing, a greater part of
which was lost on the steamboat Frontier, when
she was wrecked.
Though the “gouging” process seems to
have been fully carried out with many compa
nies of volunteers, this particular case goes
ahead of any wehave-yet recorded. Is there no
remedv for such apparent downright imposition?
—N. O Bee.
From the Baltimore American ofthe 2fth ult.
Mb. Polk’s Administration nasgut through
one session ot Congress. Its system of policy,
so far as it has any, may now be regarded as
developed; and we believe the result is that the
Administration and the party which suppotts
it a r e not prepared to follow out their own do
ings, or to look lheir own principles in the face.
They feel misgivings at every step; they seem
10 have no clear perceptions ot any definite
ulterior purpose for the public good; their main
reliance appears to be in the strength of their
party organization, in which implicit obedience
constitutes the chief element.
The character of the Piesident himself, as
exhibited by his public course, is not calculated
to supply, by personal energy, capacity and
firmness, the want ot unity in the party result
ing from an absence ot general principles.
Gen. Jackson could make his own will ihe rule
of party action, and the faithful need look no
farther. His followers had confidence in his
honesty and steadiness. At present, however,
the supporters ot the administration are not
more doubitul as to the measures thej’ are up
holding, than they are distrustful ot the man
who, by the circumstance of office, is made
their political leader. Thus at least we read
the signs and intimations ol th’’ times.
The foreign policy ct the Administration is
signalized by the Oregon negotiation an.f the
war with Mexico. Os the first, beginning
with a loud roar, which filled the whole land
with ihe alarums of war, and ending in a gentle
whisper softly breath’ d over a diplomatic table,
the advocates ot the whole of Oregon may
speak. It is gratifying indeed to find that we
have peace with Englund secured lor the pre
sent; but it is not pleasant to know that we
were exhibited to the world as playing the bully
—with bravado and blaster in the beginning
and backing oui at the end. No man, we ven
ture to say, no matter of what party—no man
with a sensitive feeling for Ihe national honor
can look with satisfaction upon Mr. Polk’s
management us that Oregon business. Ihe
Senate saved Ihe country from a war; but it
c< uld not obliterate the record of that official
indiscretion which involved two great nations
in a question of honor and of rights from
which one al least could not be extricated with
out some humiliation.
The war wilh Mexico was brought on by a
similar act of Executive precipitation. A pm
deet, careful management ol our difficulties
wilh that Republic might have averted the hos
tile issue which now involves the two countries,
and ol which no one can now foiesee ihe final
termination. Mr. Calhoun declared that a de
lay of two or three days when the Mexican
war bill was introduced would have sufficed 10
put away all danger of a war. No doubt the
Administration is as anxious now to gel rid ol
this war as it was to escape from Hie fatal
thraldom of the line of fifty-four tony. But its
nlacriiy at gelling into trouble is far beyond its
capacity to conduct itself well in difficul'ies, or
its lact in getting out of them. It acts for the
day merely; it lives from hand to mouib; it
moves with each varying eddv, each transient
breeze, without having any definite point logo
to or rudder to steer thither. The expense- ol
the Mexican war already are vast enough lo
confuse the arithmetical faculties ol ihe Secre
tary of the Treasury; and those expenses have
only begun. He will have other calculations
to make in his next Annual Report besides es
timaiing the hypothetical taxes imposed by the
Tariff of 1842. He will find a real burden up
on the people instead of an imaginary on« —a
burden not to be alleviated by the buoyant oper
ation of Treasury notes.
Tbe two principal measuresol domestic pol
icy by which the Administration has signalized
its career, seems to have been contrived I* r the
purpose ol being undone again as speedily as
possible. An anti-protective Tai iff and a metal
lic Sub-Treasury—neither can stand.
The official paper is already endeavoring to
show that alihough the principle ol protection
is utterly condemned by the Administration,
yet that the Walker tariff has really in it more
protection than people generally supposed. It
will be observ’ d that every thing said in behalf
ot this new measure by its authors and friends
is so much taken from tbe viewsand principles
of the Whigs on the subject ot protection.
Yes this wretched bantling of the Treasury,
without life and subsiance enough to survive a
hard winter, is to be passed off as possessing
ihe vigor of Whig stamina-a poor subtetlnge
which shows at ieast that ihe honor of its pa
ternity is not craved by the true parents.
There is generally some reason or other,
good or bad, even for things the must absurd.
Why a Government should aim destructive
measures at domestic interests which its own
previous policy had fostered and sustained;
wtiv it should seek lo remove the foundations
ot the national iudepend’-nce and obstruct the
sourcesol national and individual wealth; why
it should extend a preference to foreign labor
over that of its own citizens, and assist in ac
cumulating the profits ot capital abroad rather
than at home-thesc are questions which would
appear to admit ol no satisfactory ansv ei
When we see, moreover, a Government sepa
rating its fiscal concernsfrom "'S’-' 6 ,, 0 '
pie- establishing acurrcncy lor itself and I' av
fng thegeneral currency without
norice, when we behold, mo, that Uns scheme
ol a separate currency is utterly tmpracttr.d
without inflicting the severest pressure and ..I
tress upon the commercial and productive in
|. r .rcsis-we are at a loss to account for the
seeming infatuation which urges such a d<
structive system forward.
It is not to be supposed, however, that air,
Government can deliberately pmpo-e dtstm.
tive measures and coolly pursue them lor Um
mere purpose of inflicting injury. We are to
look to social and sectional prejudices, upon
which modern Democracy is based, tor an ex
planation of the course which a democratic ad
ministration pursues. The protective la rift is
denounced as a system fol the benefit ot capi
talists; the laborer is told that rich men gruvr
richer upon the fruits of his industry; and, in
flamed wilh jealousy, he is urged to r I ‘ l ™'
self that he may bring his employer to j ry.
In like manner Banks are held up to odium as
the fortresses of monopoly, as the strong-holds
of moneyed men who prey «p ; >n g.e
ot the laboringcomtnuntty. fh.Governm nt,
u show i« detestation of these tnstttutsons,
must have nothing to do with them, and hence
Hornes the Sub-Treasury. The ofl-prtng ot
blind ano aggravated prejudices, how can it
nessessanv principles or features tn harmony
. a true financial policy ? Bu. beyond t e
pgssions and prejudices ot the day the
‘ ofthe latest born democracy do not seetyl I- k.
The rage for territorial extension
1 gtattfted by a war; the j.-a!ouMes o l abo
’ against capital must prostrate Um 11a.
S till he died.”