Newspaper Page Text
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LATEST FROM ENGLAND-
Arrival
STEAMSHIP BRITANNIA.
From the Baltimore American.
Half a mouth later from Europe.
The Cunard Steamer Britannia, Capt Hew
itt arrived at Boston at 1 o’clock, p m. 31 inst.
The Hon. Louis McLane has returned in her.
The news is not of much importance—mat
ters remaining pretty much as they were at the
departure ot the last steamer.
There has been tremendous storms and fl rods
in England, which had injured the crops se
verely.
The Money Market is easy, and for business
cash can be had very readilv.
The Produce Markets are tolerably active,
both as regards the home and the export trade.
Indian Corn has risen to 325. per quarter
The accounts of the Potatoe crop continue to
be disastrous.
The popularity ot the new Pope is unbound
ed. The new Papal Tariff makes great reduc
tions on wollen manufactures, cotton goods, su
gar and coffee.
The Cobden testimonial has reached £65,-
600.
Professor Dew of William and Mary Col
lege, Virginia, died in Paris a few days pre
vious to the sailing of the steamer. He arrived
in that city only the day before his death.
Among the passengers in the Britannia, are
S. Lover. Esq. the celebrated novelist, and S.
Cunard, Esq. the projector of the Cunard Line
of Steamers.
The new iron steamer Sarah Sands, built in
Liverpool for Capt. Sands, ot New York, was
launched on the 11th ult.
The anticipated almost total failure of the
potato crop in England, Ireland, and Scotland,
has caused the price ot Indian Corn to rise
from 255. to 325. a quarter during the last three
weeks. The quantity in the Mediterranean is
said to be very small. It is expected that Amer
ica will be enabled to reap a golden harvest in
the sale ot this article tn England.
The Hon. Louis McLane. — Wilmer & Smith’s
Liverpool Times says: “Mr. McLane, who
has so honorably and efficiently filled the office
ot Minister for the United States of America at
the Court of St. James’, and through whose
judgment, and kind and conciliatory manners,
the late intricate dispute on the Oregon Ques
tion has been so happily settled, leaves England
to-day by the Britannia lor his native land. Mr.
McLane departs Irom this country respected,
we believe, by every man in England. May
honor and success attend his future career.”
Emigration.— On Wednesday, the sth inst.,
the Batavier, Dutch steam-ship, came into the
Thames with 340 emigrants on board, from Ger
many, who intend to emigrate to the United
States. They are an instalment of the 80,000
emigrating irom the German States during the
present year. Next morning they proceeded
from London for Liverpool, for the purpose of
embarking on board an American ship.
Effects op the American Tariff in Eng
land —Several markets have experienced the
' effects of the liberal tariff which goes into ope
ration in the United States on the Ist ot Decem
ber. Iron has already advanced in price, and
the woollen manufacturers of Yorkshire are firm
and improving.
Sanatory Regulations.—A public meeting
has lately been held in the British metropolis
for the purpose of taking measures to prevent
the spread of disease. Although some con
tended that a few cases ot Asiatic cholera had
appeared, the general feeling ol the meeting was
opposed to the conclusion.
The Ocean Race.—The steamer Cambria
arrived out in ten days and sixteen hours from
Boston, and the Great Britain made her pass
age from New Y, rk to Liverpool in thirteen
days and eight hours, she was detained at sea
eighteen hours in repairing her driving chain.
The packet ships Fidelia and Hottineuer had
also arrived ai Liverpool from New York.
House of Lords —Parliament is expected
to rise about the 28ih of August. On the
17'h the House oi Lotds passed the Sugar
Duties Bill.
House of Commons —The destitution in Ire
land occupied the House ol Commonson Mon
day. A sum has been appropriated for the em
ployment otthe poor in Ireland.
Commercial.
The slate of the weather during the last fort
night has given the greatest uneasiness to lhe
people of this country—more particularly to
those engaged in agriculture. There have
been frequent thunder storms, withcopious falls
of rain, which have seriously injured thecrops.
The sun at limes has been brilliant; and, pre
ceding the storms, the warmth ripened prema
turely the produce of the fields, which it was
found necessary to cut without delay. Any
statement ot the average produce must, of ne
cessity, be mere guess work; but thete is great
reason to apprehend that in various parts of the
kingdom irreparable damage has been done to
the grain. In the course of another fortnight,
however, the harvest will have been completely
arrived at.
The Cotton market has been in a quiescent
state. In the manufacturing districts business
is the reverse of satisfactory, and some of me
mills in Blackburn have already commenced
working short time. The news which arrived
recently fr«m the United States respecting the
tariff having passed the Senate, will, there is
every reason to believe, give a new fillip to
trade.
The produce markets are tolerably' active,
both tor the home trade and for export. The
depression which has long been existing in
this branch ot business has comparatively dis
appeared.
The Money market is easy, and, for legiti
mate business, cash can be had on easy terms.
The half-yearly meetings of some of the great
railway companies are being held, and lhe ac
counts which the directors give of their positions
and their prospects, are, upon the whole, favora
ble. But it is hardly necessary to say that some
uneasiness prevails as to the enormous qurnti
ty of railway bills which have passed through
Parliament during the present session, involv
ing an outlay which must, in the nature of
things, affect the currency of the country. A
list has been recently published, Irom a parlia
mentary document, of the amount of shares
held by the leading capitalists in various parts
ofthe country. The merchants of Liverpool,
who have always been foremost in lhe promo
tion of railway undertakings, figure conspicu
ously in this document.
The works on the Holyhead line of railway
are progressing most rapidly. Nearly 13,000
men are daily emploved. When finished it
will form one continuous line ot railway from
London to Liverpool. Holyhead will then be
established as the great packet station of Eng
land, at which place the Irish, the American,
and most probably the West India Mail Steam
Shipswill arriveat and depart from.
An effort is being made by the salt interest ot
this country to abolish the monopoly which the
East India Company possesses to supply that
article to our Eastern subjects exclusively.
The case which the salt trade make out is a
strong one, and they have been materially as
aisled in their labors by a pamphlet recently
published by Mr. Aylwin, who is himself in the
East India trade, and knows, from practical ex
perience, where the “shoe pinches.”
A strange blunder has crept into the new
Corn Bill, by which the duty on beans, which
is rising in price, is nearly as high under the
new a« it was under the old law. "It is what is
termed a clerical error, and one would have
supposed that it only required to be pointed out
in orderto be remedied; but Lord George Ben
tinck, as the farmer’s friend, par excellence,
refused the correction, and the consequence is,
that the farmer must pay an increased prict
for proven ier to feed his cattle.
The duty now payable on beans is 4s. pet
quarter ; the late Government intended it to be
2s. Under the old law lhe duty would only
have been 4s. 6d. Pease stand in the same re
lativeposition. But the blunder muststand as
it is until the next session, lor all hopesofa
remedy, with lhe opposition which it will en
counter, are at an end.
The slate of the potato crop has already in
fluenced the price of grain. Yesterday, at Liver
pool, wheat advanced from 6d. to'9d. per 70
lbs., United Statesand Canadian flour Is 61
per bbl, and Indian corn 3s. to 4s. per 480 lbs
over the rates ot the previous week. At these
advanced prices considerable business was ef
fected. At Mark Lane, on Monday, the new
crop of wheat advanced from 2s. to 3s. per
Suarter above the previous quotations. The
utyon foreign wheat has advanced to Bs. per
quarter, and on foreign flour to 4s. 9fd. per bar
rel.
The accounts from India last week to the
10th ot June, represent business as being ex
tremely bad, without any appearance of amend
ment. The crisis in the Money market con
tinued, and more failures had taken place. The
Government had refused to make any further
advance on bills drawn against produce, and
the result of the determination had been to in
crease the embarrassment.
Iron has already advanced in price, and the
woollen manufactures ot Yorkshire are firm
and improving.
American Provision Market—American
Hams are selling at 35s to 435; Lard in kegs
at 35s to 4Os, bbls. 35s to 48s. There is a gjmd
demand for Beef and Pork, and late prices are
fully supported. Cheese, of good quality is
very scarce at Liverpool. Parcels ot an indif
ferent quality have been sold at 35s to 45s r>er
cwt. ’
Ireland.
The feud between Old and Young Ireland is
now regularly consummated. They are dis
tinct parties. Mr. O’Connell has denounced
their policy and disdained theiraid. The “Na
tion has been expelled from the rooms of Con
ciliation Hall, and the quarrel stands little
chance ot ever being cemented again.
-i'i. France.
The French elections have terminated and
great has been the success of the Guizot min
istry. The majority in the new Chamber is ex
ptcicd to be one hundred, and it may possibly
exceed that number. The King had Opened the
Chambers with a short speech.
State of Trade,
drtqp te wpyrt is eus c Wib
9R:-
market since this day week. The favorable com
mercial news from the United States have made
the markets what may be called firm. In printing
cloths, of good quality, there is an advance, though
•a small one. The demand continues good. * ’
Bradford.— Our wool market is well supplied
with all kinds of combings, and the business doing
is barely an average, as the prices are too high to
induce the spinners to buy, except to supply im
mediate wants. Our cotton market has been ac
tive, and on some kinds of goods an advance has
beer, given. The wool market continues inactive
and prices nearly stationary.
Iron.
There has been a large business done during the
last tortnight; the demand continues good, them a
keis well oil’for orders, and prices are very firm.—
It is expected that the alterations in the American
I'anff, when brought into operation, will create a
demand for some of the most expensive kinds of
manufactured, whi h have hitherto been excluded
by the vt ry high duties imposed upon them, and
will also considerably increase the trade in other
descriptions. Large sales of Scotch Pig Iron have
been made in Glasgow during the last week at 75s
per ton ; the lowe<t price for Bars, in Wales, is
£8 10s per ton. In Liverpool present quotations
are so Scotch Pigs £4 ss, Merchant Bars £9, be«t
Bars £lO ’ss. Hoops £lo 15s to £ll, Sheets £l2
ss, Rods £9 l-s per ton.
|jiver|»o>l Cotton Market.
Extracts of litters received in this city, da* cd
LivbkPooL. iHih August, 1846.
The Cotton market remains just in 'he same stale as
st the departure of the last steamer, with a fair steady
demand The crop accounts from the United States
since received are calculated to strengthen the market,
bui on the other hand tiade continues unsatisfactory
at Manchester and mere are symptoms of more strin
gency in the money market again.
The sales for ihe week ended 7th inst. were 42.600
bales, of which 3000 weie taken by speculators and 4000
for export, and for the week ended 14th inst. the busi
ness was bales, of which speculators took 2500,
exporters 3000 bales. The transactions fnr the last
three days to thi* evening amount to about 18,000 bales,
lhe American descriptions sold last week consisted
of 3S6t> Upland at lasj. 14,460 Orleans at 3| a 7, 3780
Alabama and Mobile at 3| a s|, and 340 ißea Island at 10
a 16d IF lb The quotation foi fair Upland and fair
Mobile is 5d and fair Orleans s|d.
BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO.
Liverpool. 18th August. 1846
Cotton— Since date of our last Circular, the 3d inst.,
the Cotton market has continued in a quiet and inani
mate state, inquiry being still limited to the trade, and
prices of ordinary and middling qualities have been
hardly maintained Fair qualities and upwards are
comparatively scaice, and firm in price. The total
stock in Liverpool is 777.000 bales, being 260,000 less
than at same time last year. Fair Uplands are quoted
at sd, fair Mobile sd, and fair Orleans s|d lb
The Havre and Continental markets generally con
tinue in a good position ; stocks are moderate, and
prices comparatively higher than in Liverpool.
Since the arrival <>t the Cambria on the 12th instant,
*’e think that there has been rather more confidence
shown by holders, as it seems now certain that the
present ciop will hardly exceed 2,070,000 bales, and the
prospects for lhe new crop are by no means favorable,
either for an early or a large yield.
A DENNISTOUN A CO.
Liverpool, Aug. 18.
The accounts from this site of our Cotton market,
will, we fear, disappoint you. Yon had eveiy rea
son from the ascertained extent of this year’s crop,
and the unfavorable prospect for the next,to expect that
our market would have been favorably influenced by
such accounts, but ftom causes which you could not
be a ware of, prices have been barely sustained, since
the last steamer’s arrival, except for fair Uplands
which were advanced last week to 5d lb. The
causes which are exercising an unfavorable influence,
are the bad s ate of trade in MancheNter, the failure
of the potato crop, and unfavorable weather for securing
the remainder of the harvest. The fears that the rill
ways miy require more money than i» convenient for
trade to spare, is also exercising its influence.
From our Squadron in ’he Pacific—lnter
esting Intelligence.
From lhe Philadelphia Public Ledger we
copy lhe following information, which some
person peculiarly favored by the Executive
Government has evidently been allowed to
copy, or to abstract, from the Official Corres
pondence on the subject to which it relates.—
National Intelligencer.
Washington, September 1, 1846.
I wrote you a week ago that our squadron in
the Pacific would not long remain idle, having
received positive instruction to be up and doing.
1 now have lhe pleasure of communicating lhe
following important news:
Commodore Sloat entered the harbor of
Monterey, and on the 6ih of July issued his pro
clamation to the inhabitants ot California, call
ing on them to remain peaceful, assuring them
that he did not come as the enemy of Califor
nia, but as their friend. That Iheu arc destined
to form part and parcel of the great Federal Union
of lhe United States, enjoying the same rights
and privileges as the citizens of those States.
Th *y should select their own civil officers and
magistrates, and enjoy all other privileges of
treemen, of which they are now in part or
wholly deprived. The same revenue laws
should be in force in California as in lhe
United Slates, by which means they would, as
Californians and members of the American
Union, obtain provisions and manufactures of
the United, States duty free, ivhile other imports
mould pay a d.u'y al least twenty five per cent,
less than is now levied on the same articles by the
laws of Mexico. Those who will not become
citizens ol the great American Confederacy, to
depart in peace with all their property, provided
they lay down their arms and remain in other
respects neutral. He enjoins them to retain
their Alcaldes and other magistrates till they
should have better digested lhe particular form
oi government they wish to adopt, and have
hail time to elect other officers in their places.
All property of private citizens, and particu
larly that ol lhe churches, should be respected;
all provisionsand supplies paid for on reasona
ble terms, and no private property used for pub
lic purposes without proper compensation.
The proclamation is dated Savannah, harbor
of Monterey, and signed John B Sloat, Com
mnnrfer in chief of tho United Stales forces in
»he Pacific.
Os information of such importance as the
above we find lhe following explicit notice in
the government paper ofTuesday night :
“California.— We have received informa
tion, on which we place implicit reliance, that
Commodore Sloat took possession of Monterey
on the 6th July last.”
In lhe same paper we find the following para
graph :
“On the 9th July, Commander John B. Mont
gomery, of lhe Portsmouth, summoned the
commandant of Yerba Buena to surrender.
What the result of this summons was, we are
not informed.
“ A few days previously to the 6th July, a de
tachment from Col. Fremont’s force took pos
session of a frontier post called Sonoma, to lhe
north ol San Francisco. General Castro at
tempted to dislodge them; but, after a slight
skirmish, and lhe arrival of Col. Fremont in
person, he (Castro) retreated.
“There appears to have been as much dis
sension among the Californians before the arri
val of Com. Sloat as existed in other parts of
Mexico. On the 15th June a junta met at San
ta Barbara, headed by Gov. Pico, to declare
California independent; which movement was
met by a proclamation from lhe Commandant
General Castro, declaring martial law through
out the country.”
There appears to be very little falling oft’, or va
riation in any way, in the weekly receipts of the
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. We
annex acomparative statement of the business of
the road during the fourth week of August in the
past three years:
Week ending Aug 24,1844. Aug. 23,1845. Aug. 21.1816
Tiavel $2,303 65 2,429 94 3.351 83
Freight on goods 727 68 1.109 50 2,729 84
Fi eight on coal 13,839 17 25,340 19 44,057 35
Total $16,870 50 28,878 73 50,742 02
Coal Trana Tons. 12,363 23,686 31,029
The total quantity of coal transported over this
road from the mines to tide water from the Ist of
January to the 27th of August, 1846, was 759,836
tons In the year 1845, 800,000 tons were trans
ported. It thus appears that the coal business of
eight months this year, amounts to nearly as much
as for the whole of last. There are yet four
months left of this year, in two of which the coal
business will be very large. It is estimated that
about four hundred and fifty thousand tonswill be
brought to tide water over this road before the
close of the year. This will swell the aggregate
tonnage of 1846, to about twelve hundred thousand
and show an increase in this part of the business
of the company of about fitty per cent.
Economy.—The intelligent New Orleans cor
respondent of the New York Courier and En
quirer, makes the following remarks upon
economy fur the Mexican army:
“The present movement of Gen. Worth will
test to some degree the ability to obtain supplies.
He ridicules, as the height of tolly, buying and
sending mules from lhe United Slates, and
says that those procured for Gen. Worth, are
the finest he ever saw, with pack saddles, &c.,
all complete; and with a driver for every six
mules, that they are all disciplined to move at
the sound ot a bell; acclimated, hardy, and re
quiring nothing but the grass ol lhe country, to
which they have always been accustomed.
The whole of them were procured in five or
six days, and five times as many equally good
and accustomed to lhe work, can be had, if
required, and can be bought at sls to $25 each.
I am told that contracts are now being executed
tor no less than four thousand wagons, which,
with all the mules that may be purchased, will
be a total loss so soon as the campaign is ended,
nearly all which enormous expense would|have
been saved by buying pack mules on the spot.
The wagons will never even be put into service,
as they could not be used except fora short dis
tance on the route.”
Government Mules— Two hundred ot these
animals were shipped at Covington yesterday,
tor Memphis— from thence they will be taken
by land to their place ol destination.
These mules were purchased in Kentucky,
at an average rale of 360 per head. We learn
that 1,000 head includingthe 200 sent yesterday,
are to be shipped at this place. One man has
contracted to transport the whole number (1,000)
at S3O each, which will make each mule cost
190 when delivered at the ‘Seat ot War.’—
Cincinnati Daily Chronicle.
Jews in Bohemia.—The Empcror of Austria hns
j ust issued two ordinances iu favor of the Israelites
of Bohemia. The first of these ordinances pre
scribes that from the first of January. 1847, the tax
of the Jews shall be decreased a seventh every
j ear, so that at the end of seven years, this odious
tax. wmeh in the method by which it is collected,
v «Wious the highest degree, will be entirely
abolished. By the other ordinance the Emperor
has created at the University of Prague a professor
ship of hngua es and Rabinoical literature, and
Doctor Samuel Isaac Wessely, the first preacher in
the Synagogue of Prague, has been nominated to fill
it. This la t measure has been received withes
pecialenthusiasm by our Israelites, it being the
first time that in the Austrian States a Jew has
been appointed Professor of a University, to the
functions of which many prerogatives are attached
♦specially the enjoyment of the rights of |nobility
TUESDAY MORNING, SEPT. 8, I«4G.
Mr. Clay and Ad Valorem Duties once mere.
We have no wish to multiply remarks upon
the above subject, and refer to it again, only
because lhe Constitutionalist seems to think
that we had suppressed an expression of Mr.
Clay’s, to which our attention had been called.—
It is as follows:
“Without, however, entering into lhe ques
tion of home valuation, and leavingthat subject
Io be arranged hereafter, I shall treat the subject
as if the present system ol foreign valuation is to
continue.**
Now, we had no wish to suppress this remark
al all. Indeed we considered it of little importance
in connection with the subject before us, name
ly, his preference of ad valorem to specific du
ties.
The Constitutionalist entertains the idea,
that from this remark Mi. Clay was favorable
to ad valorem duties under any circumstances.
Let us inquire, for a moment, how that re
mark came to be made.
Mr. Clay had laid down lhe proposition, that
twenty-six millions ot dollars ought to be raised
by a tariffto meet lhe annual expendituresol
the Government —to diminish gradually the pub
lic debt—and to keep a reserved fund for con
tingencies.
He went on to show how this amount could
be raised. For a few moments he alluded to
ad valorem duties and home valuation. Those
remarks, (occupyingless than lhe page) will be
found on page 545 ot Mallory’s Life and Speech
es ot Mr. Clay. In those brief remarks, he de
nounced ad valorem duties without lhe home
valuation, and said as we heretolore showed by
his published remarks, that “every considera
tion oi national dignity, justice and independence,
demands the substitution of home valuation in
the place of foreign. 1 *
Aller making these few remarks, he makes
that (and it is found on the same page, 545,)
first quoted above, on which so much stress is
laid by the Constitutionalist. We ask the read
er to read it again. The very next sentence,
in immediate connection, is as follows:
“1 then return to the inquiry, on an importation
amounting to ninety-one millions, how much
duly must be imposed in order to raise a net
revenue of twenty-six millions?”
Now, is it not evident, that the remark ot Mr.
Clay, to which our attention has been called by
the Constitutionalist, has nothing to do with his
preference for ad valorem duties. He says with
out entering further into lhe question of home
valuation :
“I shall treat the subject as if lhe present
system of foreign valuation were to continue.”
Treat what subject? Why, lhe subject ol
raising the twenty-six millions. That ought to
be raised, in his opinion, whether the duties be
ad valorem or specific. This was the object of
that remark, and it meant nothing more.
Now we have shown that, on page 545, Mr.
Clay expressed a preference for lhe home val
uation. He does the same on pages 547, ’4B, ’49
and on 550, in lhe very last remark which he
made upon the subject. Is not this conclu
sive ?
Mr. Clay made the remark, to which the Con
stitutionalist attaches .so much importance,
merely to continue his argument, and to urge
that twenty-six millions of dollars ought to be
raised under any system of duties which might
be adopted. He made the reference to ad valo
rem duties having been adopted Irom the “ori
gin of the Government” to show, to those who
took ground in favor ol lhe “utility and necessi
ty** of specific duties, that the former would an
swer, and, finally, all the way through his argu
ments and views, he contended that ad valorem
duties should be accompanied with lhe home valua
tion.
Yellow Fever in N. Orleans.—The first
case this season made its appearance on the
29th ult. The papers express great confidence
that it will not assume an epidemic character.
Telegraph to New Orleans. —Efforts are now
making to extend the Magnetic Telegraph to New
Orleans. A Mr. Bravo is now at the north upon
the business and has letters from Professor Morse,
Hon. Amos Kendall, <fcc., in commendation of lhe
proposed extension.
[ Communicated. ]
Medical College of the State of South-
Carolina.—We extract the following rompli
mentary notice from the B slon Medical and
Surgical Journal, of one of lhe institutions of
Charlesion.lt observes, that at “an examination
of the catalogue of this institution is very grati
fying, as it reveals lhe fact that a powerful in
fluence is exerted on lhe medical character of
the sunny South, through the instrumentality
of the medical school al Charleston. Two
hundred and ten students were in attendance on
the lectures, the last term—seventy-four ot
whom were graduated. An essay on organoge
ny, by W. Myddleton Michel, of Charleston,
gained the approbation of a select committee,
and is to be published. Gentlemen pursuing
medical studies at lhe North, whjse constitu
tions are impaired by the severity oi the winter,
would gain both knowledge and health by pas
sing lhe cold season in South-Carolina, under
a Board of professors, distinguished for their at
tainments, urbanity and kindness to stran
gers.”
“They Come.”—The Southern Eagle, Wilcox
county, has hauled down the loco flag, and run
np the old starred and striped Whig Banner.—
The editorsays, “We hoist in its stead, a Banner
thatshall waveover its tall, and live toannounce
the glorious news, that the honest people of
Wilcox, having taken a peep behind the curtain
and viewed there the dark deeds of locofocoism,
have now returned to their former political
faith.”— Ala. Jour.
The amount of Treasury Notes outstanding
on the Ist inst., it is officially stated, was sl.-
090,864 38. Os this amount there were issued
under the Act ot lhe22d ot J uly, 1846, $660,000.
Gen. Taylor an LL. D.
Since the battles ot the B'h and 9th of May,
General Taylor has had LL. D. attached to his
name by one of the Southern Colleges.—Ports
mouth, ( Va.) New Era.
We do not know whether, says the Richmond
Whig, Gen. Taylor issufficiently learned in the
law to entitle him to this distinction, nor do we
perceive that his recent victories on the Rio
Grande furnish any evidence of such qualifica
tion. We remember, however, that lhe Gener
al, in one or two ot his letters to the Mexican
commander, did very ably maintain the legali
ty ot the blockade, under then existing circum
stances, ot lhe mouth of lhe Rio Grande. Per
haps it was the evidence of'hi® proficiency in
the “laws of nations/’ embodied in these letters,
which induced a “Southern College” to confer
upon him so high a distinction. There can be
no doubt, at all events, that he is altogether as
worthy of the title of “LL. D,” as General Jack
son, upon whom a like honor was conferred by
Harvard University. Certainly he could not
be less entitled to it, if the Richmond Enquirer
was correct in saying as it did in 1824, that
“Gen. Jackson could not construe the plain
provisions of a single law” in the statute book I
New Paper In Washington.
The Washington correspondent of the New
York Herald writes, that many of lhe locofoco
members ot Congress are very much dissatis
fied with the ‘ Union,” and that a of them
invited the writer to establish another democra
tic paper in Washington—which, however, he
declined. Mr. Rives, late of lhe Globe, was
also solicited to revive that paper, as “the only
means by which lhe Democratic party could be
united and its future succcess secured. They
were dissatisfied with Mr. Ritchie, and did not
conceive that he was acting in good faith to
wards all sections ofthe Union. This(he says)
is not rumor, but fact, so far as lhe information
from twenty members of Congress, or more,
can be credited. But what did Mr. Rives say
to all this? It is not the time, gentlemen. Messrs.
Blair & Rives have wealth, a large printing
office, myriads ot influential friends, and have
not been treated as they deserved at the hands
ofthe President.” The Administration, and
Mr. Ritchie, and all concerned, may not credit
lhe assertion now; but before the expiration of
six months, there will be another democratic pa
per in Washington, sustaining old Jacksonian
principles.”— Richmond Whig.
Burning in Effigy.— We have seen many
recent instances ot affected horror on the part
ot lhe Democratic press at the infamy of burn
ing in effigy, and many disclaimers that such
things shonld be charged upon their party.—
The Washington (N. C.) Whig publishes lhe
following letter written by the memberof Con
gress from that district, a Democrat. He re
commends that a gentleman who has filled the
high station of Senator from his native Stale
should be burnt in effigy because he would not
vote for a measure which he honestly believed
would work evil to the country:
Washington, July 25,1846.
Dear sir: Haywood has this day resigned
his seal in the Senate. He was opposed to a
repeal of lhe tariff of 1812, and rather than v te
for the tariff bill now be:ore the Senate he pre
ferred to resign. The city is full of rumors
deeply affecting his integrity. The Democracy
ot your county ought to meet forthwith and de
nounce him as a traitor and burn him in effigy.
In haste, yours, respectfully,
HENRY S, CL>ARKE f
Letters from Mexico.
The annexed betters from an officer in lhe
army, to friends in this city, we have been kind
ly permitted to publish: and although much
that they’ contain will not be new to our readers,
they are, nevertheless, peculiarly interesting as
containing reliable information of the manners,
habitsand customs of the Mexican people:
Mier, Mexico, 14th August, 1816.
My Dear S<r:— You see I have not forgotten
my promise to write you, although 1 have suf
fered much lime to pass without fulfilling it.
The truth is, our movements have been frequent
since we landed in Mexico, and having had
many caresand interruptions, I have not found
leisure to write before the present hour.
1 find myself quite agreeably circumstanced
as to position and prospects. We were not de
tained,like some others, near the coast, after
our arrival, but sent on, quite in the advance.
We passed through Matamoros, Reynosa, Ca
margo, and at last were directed to this place,
with orders to take possession. Having only
my single company with me, and uncertain
what sort of a reception we should meet with
here, this service was quite an honorable one.
The town capitulated on my summons, July
31st, and we have since held peaceable posses
sion. The line of lhe Rio Grande being our
immediate base of operations, we are gradually
extending it—establishing our depots, and en
deavoring, by courtesy and fair-dealing, to make
favorable impressions on the minds of the peo
ple, a large portion of whom are exceedingly
averse to lhe existing Central Government us
iMexico. When lhe “ pear is ripe” we shall
move on to Monterey, and perhaps to Saltillo,
which last is lhe key to the mountain passes to
wards lhe Capitol. You will hardly hear of
this movement under a month, when the weath
er will bo more favorable tor operations. The
climate here is about the same as in Geor
gia—not more torrid, as far as 1 otin judge.
On my inarch from Point Label to Matamo
ros, I passed over the battle-fields of Palo Alto
and Resaca de la Palma. I also saw in depot
the fixed ammunition, the brass shells, and oth
er munitions captured from the enemy, and 1
ascertained irom reliable sources, the relative
number and character of lhe forces engaged.
And, on due reflection, I assure you that we
cannot be mistaken in attributing our success
to the superior character and prowess of the
American troops— developed } and directed, of
course, by the intelligence and chivalry oi our
officers. On a view of the ground, it was pal
pable enough that the Mexicans bad every ad
vantage of position. They chose it deliberate
ly, and with a full knowledge ot lhe surround
ing country, which we bad not. Their muni
tions were excellent and in great abundance.
It is said that more prepared ammunition was
found in Matamoros than we have now stored
in halt our arsenals. Great supplies w’ere cer
tainly collected for extensive ulterior opera
tions. No Mexican doubted that Gen. Taylor’s
army would be completely routed, and that
Arista had nothing afterwards to do but io push
on victoriously through Texas, even to the Sa
bine.
Then, as to the character of their troops, it is
doing ourselves great injustice to underrate
them as much as many persons have been dis
po‘ed to do. Some of their regiments were
not. perhaps, what we would call well disciplin
ed,but there were many of whom any nation
might be proud. All fought passably well,
some desperately. The Tampico Regiment,
in particular, exhibited a degree of obstinate
intrepidity and devotion which has b-en rare
ly equalled. They came on the field 700
str ng, well disciplined and fully appointed;
and they never left it until all had been slain bin
70. So it is stated. Our artillery mowed down
whole ranks of them,— taking them in flank
and after the battfo, they were thus seen, strew
ing the ground, known by the remarkable uni
form which distinguished their corps. The
conflict of the 9th was among the Chapparals,
a scrubby wood, so dense that a Commanding
General could see little or nothing of his batal
lions, nor even the chiefs of batall ons their
men. Every subordinate officer was thus left,
in a great measure, to the exercise nf his own
discretion; but all went forward, nevertheless,
with a concentrated aim to victory. This en
gagement has therefore been, not inaptly, call
ed the Battle of lhe Subalterns. Nolhingcould
have confounded the Mexicans more than the
result ot these encounters. They are, pro
verbially, a gasconading, vain-glorious nation
—lull of the most egregious notions of their
own indomitable prowess, and being really far
more experienced than ourselves in warlike
operations, and conscious of great supeiiority
in numbers, they believed they could annihilate
Gen. Tavlor, at a single blow. Great as lhe
moral effect of their defeat has been to modify
heir vanity on these points, they still boast ot
being able to do great things We shall see.
Our march on Monterey promises to he inter
esting. The army are in fine hopes of pleasant
scenes before them, only tearful that the enemy
will not be in heart or numbers sufficient to give
us au encounter worthy of our ami ition.
1 remain yours, &c.
Mier, Mexico, 14th August, 1816.
Point Isabel was our first camping ground,
and after two days delay there, we made a
march of 27 miles, to Fort Brown, opposite
Matamoros, the scene ofthe seven days bom
bardment. L was during this march that we
pasftpd ovpf the battle fields and viewed, every
where strewed about, the relics of those
blovdy conflicts. We soon crossed the Rio
Grande and joined Co!. Child’s Batallions, en
camped before Matamoros. That city presented
to my eyes an aspect of great novelty, though I
bad prepared my mind for strange sights and
customs. Much wealth has certainly been ex
pended in building it, and a large population
has inhabited it—yet wiihal, there abounds
such squalid wretchedness—such a want of
what we consider the indispensable requisitions
ot a society assuming to be civilized, that I con
fess 1 was not less surprised than dJsgusied.
We soon after descended lhe river to Reynosa
and Camargo, (n these towns we found civili
zaiion at a still lower ebb, and now at Mier,
which pretends to something better. 1 ran hard
ly feel that 1 am among a people who are more
than half removed from the state of savage
barbarism. The houses here are all built of
stone, with massive walls all round ; grated
windows, none ol them glazed ; nochimnies,
square roofs ; each one looking like a castle,
and each one is, in fact, a very respectable
citadel. The people cook their victuals on the
floor, and, fur lhe most part, on the floor they
squat down to eat their meals. Tables,
knives and forks are rarely seen. Their
diet is plain and simple, chiefly vegetables, and
even this confined to a very lew articles. There
is not a mill here Corn isparnoiled in lye to
divest it of its hull, and when soft, is rubbed be
tween two stones until a kind of dough is form
ed and this is taken and patted in lhe hands so
as to form a flat cake, and baked rudely in lhe
coals, or something better, if they have it. This
is Torlillo, almost the only kind of bread used
by the mass of lhe people. The men are nut
inclined to labor, though skillful and atten
tive as herdsmen—their chief wealth being de
rived from sheep and cattle.
The women are said to be industrious—and
so they are, if constant employment be industry.
When not combing each other’s hair, they may
be generally seen silting, as they always do,on
the floor, spinning or weaving; Lui in such
primitive fashion, as to see it, would make a
Yankee laugh. A single spindle whirled round
by a twist of the fingers, is their machine for
spinning their yarn ; and after a world of toil
and patience, they get together enough to form
it into a woof. A shuttle is never seen; with
the fingers instead, they pass the thiead filling
through, at small intervals, and thus after seve
ral months assiduous labor, thyy may turn out
a yard or so of cloth. Blankets or shawls,
prettily figured, made ot cotton or wool, are the
usual articles of manufacture, and a good fabric
of this kind, lam told, will sell for SSO. If the
women could read, or in any other way spend
their time, we might regret this great waste of
it, but in their present condition, it is fortunate
perhaps that they havesomething to rescue them
from the dangers of absolute idleness.
But why can they not read?—you will say.
Because of the overwhelming predominance ol
lhe Roinanish religion. They have one school
here—but the children are taught liule else than
the lives ol lhe saints rr the Romanish rit jal
I have met with only a lew books in Mier, but
every one was a mere church catechism or col
lection of Ave Marias. The idea of opening
to lhe mind of a child, those general fields ot
intelligence and useful knowledge, which in
Protestant countries are deemed necessary fur
ail, would here be frowned down at once. Be
yond the sphere ot supplying animal wants, the
mind is here suffered to rise only to the precincts
of the Roman Catholic ritual. They have two
churches here, but not a blacksmith’s shop, nor
a carpentry, nor a druggist, nor anything scarce
ly that is to be found in every American village.
But lhe men are gentlemanly and courteous in
their manners, and lhe women are very hand
some. All, of both sexes, have splendid teeth,
it is not uncommon to see among the oldest, full
rows ofthe finest teeth, untouched by lhe small
est symptom of decay—and this peculiarity is so
general, and presents so strong a contrast with
the condition of things with us, that I cannot
but dwell, and with emphasis. The young la
dies and gentlemen dance the Spanis4i/.*Wango,
and the slow waltz with infinite grace, yet the
men think it not uncouth to wear their hats in
thedar.cing rooms, nor the ladies to smoke ci
garettas.
Lieutenants V.and T. find great amusement
in visiting the families here. Young Dr. P. is
also ot our clique, but is less inclined to be gay.
Mr. S. we left at Camargo on account of his
health, which was not firm enough to support
him under fatigues of the march. Mr. A. has
lost much by not being along with us. One
year ofthis stirring and eventful kind of life, with
all our privations, is worth three ot lhe inglori
ous ease of the Arsenal. But I regret the loss
of social intercourse with our dear friends, ne
vertheless. Yours, dec.
New Comet.—A new cornet was discovered at
the Observatory, in Regent’s Park, London, on the
27th ult., which is said to hear some slight resem
blance to the comets of 1739 and 1822. Mr. J. H
Hind, of London, in describing it, says: “The
comet is receding from the sun, but will approach
the earth for a short time; and with powerful tele
scopes, we may yet observe it for a considerable
period. It may now be seen without a»y great
optical power.”
A Popular Fallacy*
The Democracy arc very much in lhe habit
of gulling the people,-of--trymg toulo so, by.
making them believe that as consumers they are
taxed to the amount otduties imposed upon lhe
article which they consume. The utter absurdi
ol the idea is well exposed in the following
communication from Mr. Stewart, ajmemberof
ofCongress from Pennsylvania
‘ HOME LEAGUE.”
Houseof Representatives, Aug. 8,1846.
To the Editors of the National Intelligencer. —
I see this morning that I am assailed by the
Editors of the ‘Union’ in nearly a column of
abuse for having had lhe ‘hardihood’ to pro
pose in the House the formation of a‘hone
league’ to use instead of foreign goods
to support oui own mechanics, manufactiiiers,
and farmers, in preference to those ot Great
Britain, and thus resist the declared purpose ot
ihe Secretary of the Treasury to prevent the
substitution of American for foreign goods.
This the ‘Union’ characterizes as high trea
son—as a proceeding ‘against lhe government'
Now, how lhe preference of to B>il-
isAgoodsisa proceeding ‘against the Govern
ment,’ is beyond my comprehension. II he had
said against the British Government, 1 could
have understood him. But ihis isnotall. The
Union threatens that, if this plan ol ‘a home
league’ to prefer American to B dish goods is
persisted in, they will form ‘a home league’ to
prefer British to American goods; or, in the
words ot the Union, 'refuse to touch an a'licle
produced by American manufacturers.’ Letthe
Union and his friends form rheir ‘home league,’
and 'refuse to touch* any thing produced by
Americans—let themdothis, and see what the
American shoemakers, halters, and other me
chanirs,and manufacturers will say to ir. Let
them form their British teague to use Bulish
goods in opposition to the Awiericrxw-to
use American goods, and see v. hich will prevail.
Let them try which is the strongest, the British
or the A/neruan party in this country. To this
1 have no objection.
I am charged by the Union with favoring
the tariff’of 1812, which it says imposes a tax
ot eighty millions of dollars by the increased price
ol sixteen articles enumerated by lhe Secretary,
viz: iron, woollen and cotton goods, leather,
paper, &c., lhe prices oi which have been great
ly reduced, as everybody knows, since the ta
riff ol 1842. Yet we are told that lhe people
are taxed eighty millions of dollars by the in
creased price of th se articles, ol which lhe Se
cretary says we now produce annually in the
United States three hundred and thirty-one mil
lions ot dollars worth. But let the Secretary
destroy, as he proposes to do, this immense
home supply, and purchase tbmn from abroad,
and what will then be lhe tax paid to foreigners?
Three hundred and thirty-one mi.lions a year!
And where will he find money to pay it? Bui
how does lhe Secretary make out this tax of
eighty millions, as the Union has ir, or seventy
five according to his own statement ? By adopt
ing, to use his own words, “ thepwsi/iozithat the
duly is added io lhe price of lhe import, as also
ot its domestic rival.” To show the absurdity
of lhe Secretary’s “position” that the duty is in
all cases added to the price of the “domestic
rival” product, let us lake a lew other cases,
(quite as lair as some ot those selected by the
Secretary.) and see the result to which it brings
him. For instance, lhe duty on potatoes is ten
cents a bushel, of which we imported last year
211.000 bushels, exported 274,000. and produced
150,000.000. Now. if lhe duly of ten cents is
added to the price ot the home supply, then the
poiat-1 tax is $15,000,000. We produced 128,-
000,000 bushels oi wheal: '.he duly on wheat is
twenty-five cents a bushel; so that, it the duty
is added to tae price, as the Secretary says,
then the wheat lax amounts to §32 000,000 a
year. We product 1,000,000,000 pounds of
cotton yearly. We imported last year, accord
ing to lhe Secretary’s report, 13,000,000 pounds
ol cotton. J the duty (tnree cents per pound)
is added to the price of cotton, then the cotton
lax will amount to $30,000,000. Thus, it will
be seen, that, according to the Secretaiy’s theo
ry. the tax paid up n three articles of agricul
tural pro uciion wili amount to $77,000,000 per
year, bring more than the amount on the Secre
tary’s sixteen articles above mentioned. These
calculations, as to wheat, cotton, arid potatoes, 1
admit are all absurd, but not more so than those
ofthe Secretary of the Treasury.
Having tailed this morning in my effort to get
the floor to vindicate my-elf against this attack,
I have to avail myself of this the only mode left
tor its accomplishment. A. STEW AR I’.
Boston Flour Trade—The Boston Shipping
Li»t of lhe 291 h ult. says that the receipts of
wheat flour at that port for the past year stand as
follows:
From — 1544-5. 1845-6.
New Yorkbbls. 192.910 188,259
Albany 106,038 109.104
Western Railroad 14!,862 246 810
New Orleans. 7-4 604 115,063
Fredericksburg 36 533 42,202
Georgetown 16 857 26 533
Alexandria 33.444 23 394
Richmond 15,765 27,52!
'rther ports in Virginia 7 325 6,204
Philadelphia 17,106 29,224
Baltimore 26,1 11 30,666
Uiher places 295 2,806
Total 663 149 847,763
Showing an inciease in receipts during the yeai
of 184,601 bbls.
’The export to foreign and coastwise poits for
the same period has been 152.908 bbls, against
120,170 bbls. >ame lime last year, showing an in
crease in exports of 32,739 bbls.
U. S. Finances —According to the monthly
statement of the Secretary of the Treasury, there
were on deposit in the various Government deposi
tories, on the 24th of Uigust. subject to his draft
the sum of $5 593,543 94. Os this amount the fol
lowing .'Ums were held by the institutions named:
Merchants’ Bank, Boston 531.515 5?
Bank of Commerce, New York 456,707 84
Bank of America, New York 506,094 73
Bank ofthe State of New York-... 570.656 8S
Mechanics’ Bank, New York 347,757 44
American Exchange Bank. N. Y 211.963 79
Merchants’Bank, New York 42,687 31
North River Bank, New York 181,’46 82
Philadelphia Bank.PhiK 142,137 3“
Bank of Commerce, Philadelphia.... 136,342 15
Chesapeake Bank, Baltimore 151,009 21
Bank of Washington. Washington, D < *. 10.423 97
Bank of the Metropolis, Washington, D.C. 27 850 71
Patriotic Bank, Washington, D. C 14,760 78
Corcoran & Riggs, Washingt*’n, I). C. 493,661 43
Branch mint ofthe U. Slates,N. Orleans 137,621 95
The transfers ordered were as follows:
To Canal Bs»nk, Albanys2o 000
Bank of Commerce, New York 10.000
Bank of America, New York 33 221 14
Bank ofthe State of New York 5.000
Mechanics’Bank, New York 5 000
American Exchange Bank, New York 10 000
Merchants’ Bank, New York 6’0,000
The Canal and Banking Company N. O. 827 500
$970,721 14
A Remarkable Mineral Spring —lt may
not perhaps be generally known, even io our
own citizens, that there is in the town of Riga,
one mile East of Churchville, on lhe farm of
Linus Pierson, a mineral spring, the gases irom
which are suffi' iently combustible to burn as
clear and brightly as a lamp, at all times of the
day and night, amt which is never exhausted.
The spring is located near lhe bathing house
on the farm, and a tube has been constructed
leading Hum the spring to the rooms, by means
of which lhe house is made sufficiently light
without lhe use of lamps.
Some time ago the stale geological surveyors
paid this spring a visit and analyzed the gas,
which was found to be composed of sulphuret
ted and carbonated hydrogen. The water is
strongly impregnated with iron.— Rochester D.
Advertiser.
Gen. Taylor in Europe.
The Richmond Enquirer publishes lhe fol
io wing extract from a letter to a gentleman in
Richmond:
Madrid, July 23d, 1846
Taylor’s victories have been felt more here,
in Europe, even than at ho ie. For two weeks
(between the sailing of the steamers) our sus
pense was great; hut, when the news did come,
each American strutted out as large as life.—
I’he papers which bad predicted Taylor’s cap
ture as certain, were sore!v used up. Taylor’s
despatches have been greatly admired for their
terseness, dignity and modesty.
The greatest compliment yet paid to Taylor 1
heard ui in London. The compliment isthfo:
When Hie steamer of May 16 h brought to
England the news of Taylor’s difficult position,
the Duke of Wellington met Mr. , and the
subject was introduced. “Why,” said the Duke,
“does he not do this and that ?” (mentioning the
steps he thought Taylor ought to take.) When
lhe steamer ot June Ist brought lhe news ot his
victories, Mr. met the Duke again. “Your
Grace,” said he, “must have been advising Gen.
Taylor—for you see he does exactly what you
said he ought to do.” "So he has,** said the
Duke, as much gratified as it he had w<.n the
victories himself. As 1 got this from Gen. ,
towhomMr. related it, it is undoubtedly
authentic; exact in substance, and, 1 think, al
so verbatim.
in Bordeaux I nut a whole-souled Ameri
can. a “live Yankee” shipowner.of New Ymk,
Mr. Holmes. He is of the stuff which, when
abundant in a nation, makes it great. He was
at Trieste when the news of Taylor’sdifficulties
came. Americans were despondent, and the
folks there teazed him with predictions of Tay
lor’s capture. H? answered by that decisive
Anglo-Saxon argument, the offer of a bet of
SIOOO that Taylor would meet the Mexicans
and rout them. He found no one to take it, for
Austrians are not belting people. Soon after,
the news of Thornton’s capture came, and the
folks congratulated him on his bet not having
been taken up. ‘ Gentlemen,” said he, “here is
the thousand still, and another on it, that Taylor
thrashes the Mexicans.**
They almost doubted his sanity—but a week
or two afterwards came a single copy of Galig
nani’s Messenger, with accounts of the’victories.
Its receiver carried it immediately to Holmes.
Off he streaks it down to the eight or ten Ameri
can vessels in port, and calls up the officer^.—
•‘Hoist all your colors, boys,” said he, “and
come up with me to the Exchange.” Accord
ingly up went every piece us “bunting,” and off
marched Holmes with the captains and males
to the Exchange, where they had of courses
royal “crow” over the croakers. “What the
deuce is lhe matter with these Americans,’’said
every body, as they saw this flag hoisting and
marching. “But,* a 1 - Holmes said, with a
knowing shake ot his head, “theysoon found out
w/ut.** Holmes wound up lhe ceremony by giv
ing the Americans and his friends a dinner in
honored Palo Alt<» and Resaca de la Palma. 1
relate this almost exactly as he itlaied it to me;
for 1 could not improve on his graphic account.
Who abuses Polk now?—lt is no longer ne
cessary for the Whig press to thunder against Mr.
Polk ; that service is handsomely performed by
many of the organs and individuals who assisted
to make him President. A Democrat of Mobile
thus complains in the Advertiser:
“ A large majority of tho Democratic Republi
cans knew little of Mr Polk beyond his spea'.ci
ship; but having confidence in those who spokpof
Ims moral courage as a fact admitted, we thought
bis sagacity sufficient to steer the 'hip of State
through a channel already buoyed out by his party.
We have been sadh mistaken. We find him
strayirg far from Democratic principles, arr'gating
powers never conferred, and, in his reasons foi
thus acting, evincing a mind below the stmdard of
ordL.aiy medi crily. For proof of this position, I
need not go beyond the iccent veto of tne French
Spoliation Bill. In that communication, which,
mingled with the anathemas of widows and of or
phans, will consign his name to merited infamy,
he arrogantly assumes two-thirds of the powers of
the Government, a doctrine very well suited to
the atmospheie of Egypt or of Turkey, but wholly
inadmissible in Republican America. For the fird
time in the history oi the United States, has the
Chief Magistrate descended from his high position
to mingle in the private affairs of individuals, and
his reasons are as puerile as they are insolent.
The President’s duty should he mostly confined to
the guardianship of the Constitution, ho has noth
ing to do with expediency. 1 wish my Democratic
friends to mark this point: the doctrine is emi
nently Republican and has been endorsed by the
apostles of American liberty. A President should
go no farther than to submit his view* to Congress.
He is the Executive officer, a term which implies
his functions. * * * * *
“ One word more about this Mexican, war reason.
The bill in favor of lhe claimants, agreeably to a
provision, could not go into operation under two
years; anti if lhe great Statesman with his able
Secretary of War cannot settle the brawl within
that period, alas! unfortunate cotintrv! I do
however presume that despite the childishness of
Polk and his Secretary, this affair will tie adjust
ed, indemnity demanded, and the gallant Polk and
chivalious Marcy relieved from all apprehensions
of Zamboes, Mestizoes, Rancherues and a bank
rupt treasury.”
The Democratic press, or the more crafty
portion ol it, has endeavored, by raising a great
luss about the opposition ol lhe Whigs to the
Administration, as if they could be expected to
support it, to divert attention from the censures
so liberally bestowed upon some ol the leading
administration measures by their own party
men. Nevertheless, some ofthe more bold and
independent of lhe party will make themselves
heard. The following letter from an honorable
Senator of Mississippi to lhe editors ol lheMis
sisrippian frankly speaks the sentiments ol a
leading Democrat.— Richmond Times.
Washington, July 18,1846.
Messrs. Price if- Fill: 1 am not in lhe habit
of writing for newspapers, because lhe city
nev\spapers give the news, and sometimes our
fancy leads us to write what never comes to
pass. But, sits, 1 will depart from my rule just
tar enough to say that a bill has this day passed
ihe Senate authorizing the issuing of $10,000.-
000 of Treasury notes, to which, in behalf ofthe
people of Mississippi, I enter my protest. 1 am
opposed to converting this Government into a
shin-plaster bank. The constitution authorizes
it to borrow money, but nowhere do 1 find any
authiritvio issue Treasury notes; therefore,
let the Government raise its revenue by borrow
ing or bv laxcili >n. Ihe Senate is engaged with
ihe tariff; 1 cannot say what will be its fate.
Beyond ihe abolishment of specifics and mini
mums 1 consider it but little relief to the South.
In lhe course of a long service in politics, I
never voted for the issuing ot rags and lamp
black in any shape, manner, size, or form, and,
so help me God, 1 never will.
J. SPEIGHT.
The Copper Speculation.—The Boston Cou
rier of Monday says—
Copper stocks, which were much sought after
at high rates, a few months since, have declined
very materially in price, and the shares in many
of the minor cotnpan.es have faded out entirely,
so far as the present demand forthem is concerned.
The most valuable mines, as judged of by their
developments, are the “Lake Superior,” “Pitts
burg,” “Copper Falls,” and the “Washington,”
the latter being located in New Jc.sey, near the
canal a. d railroad aciluies. Lake Superior shares
fallen Ivin ssu() to $65 (the amount paid
in;) the Pittsburg from $3lO to $55; the Copper
Fa.l< from S6J to S2O: and the Washington fr in
S6O to S3O. While some of these stocks have
been declining in the market, the evidences of
their immediate ami prospective value have be
come greater, if reliance is to be placed upon the
statements and repoiis of their agents. The ex
plorations of geologists and mineralogists leave
•ittle room for doubt that our country is rich in
mineral ami some of these subterranean
lotteries may one d»y yield important revenues
io th-dr proprietors. Orcs from three of the above
named mines, viz: the Washington, Lake Supe
rior, and Pittsbuig, have been sold in this market
at eighty dollais per ton, in thccrudo state, which
is very well for a beginning, although sjtne of the
visionaries at one time valu d them at a hundred
fold that price, and were ready afterwards to de
capitate the fowl, which, in the sequel, laid only
copper instead of golden eggs. The Washington
mine is said t - * have some advantages over otheis,
in that it is nearer home, has fewer shares, is hel I
in fee, and is incorporated, thereby involving no
personal liability. On the other hand, the oes of
the distant mines are said to be more abundant.
The part of prudence will he, not to engage in
any of them, to any considerable extent. They
are very well for playthings, till more definite in
formation can be obtained respecting them, ami no
one should embark more in them thun he is willing
and able to lose without inconvenience.
A Floating Palace.—“A new steamboat,”
says the New York correspondent of the
Charleston News in his letter ol ihe 15th ult.,
“made her first appearance in our waters yes
terday—ihe new Sound boat Atlantic. She is
magnificent-320ieet long,engineslll37ohorse
power, lighted with gas, furnished by a com
plete apparatus on hoard, with hot, cold, and
shower baths, and furnished in ihe most luxu
rious manner! Is not all this wondetful. i’o
crown the whole, she runs 23 miles an hour
with ease, and is strong enough to cross the
.Atlantic. I cannot express my admiration of
the steamboat architecture ot the piesent
day.
“The Atlantic is under charge of Captain
Dustan, and he made an excursion yesleioay,
with a select patty of 1260 ladies and gentle
men, and another ti ip up lhe North River in
lhe even in g.
“One improvement in the Atlantic is worthy
of special notice. Every maltrass in the boat
is a permanent life preserver, being furnished
at each end with a hollow cylinder, capable of
floating a person for any length of time. L
not this worthy of imitation? All ihe Missis
sippi and Ohio boats should adopt these buoyant
rnattrasses.”
A NEW U'E OF THE MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH. —
Somebody writes the following strange story of
a marriage through the Telegraph, to the Philadel
phia Inquirer. This, if it be true, is indeed
“something new under the sun,” and beats tne
Georgia marriage, performed across one of their nar
row rivers. We suppose the parties do not intend to
continuetheii communion through the Telegraph:
New York. Aug. 25, 1846.
There is a story current here among the “upper
ten,” which if true, is one of the most extraordi
nary occurrences that ever took place, and throws
all the novelists of tne picsent ag.* emirelv in the
shade. It appears that a certain young lady, the
daughter of one of lhe wealthiest merchants in
80-ton ha I formed an attachment for a handsome
young man, who was a clerk iu her father’s count
ing room, and had determined to have him for bet
ter or wore, although her father had previously
given her hand to another suitor.
The lady’s father having hcaid of this attach
ment, feigned ignorance, but determined to bieak
it off, and give his daughter to the gentleman he
had promised her. For this purpose he directed
the young man to take j as-age in one of the
steamt rs that left New York and proceed to Eng
land, and transact some business for him theie.
The lover accordingly came to New York, but
meantime, the young lad) got some knowledge of
her father’s intention’, and sent a message by tel
egraph to that < if ct to her lover in New York
The expedient the two lovers resorted to for ac
complishing their desire, and defeating the father’s
views, was novel and extraordinary. She took
her stand in the telegraphic efli e in Toston, and
he did ’he same, with a magis’ra’e, in the offi :e in
New’ York, and with the aid of the lightning.they
were made bone of one bone and flesh of onetVsh.
This is certainly applying this invention to a pur
pose never contemplated by Professor Morse, and
exhibits a great coal of ingenuity.
A few days since, the lady's lather insisted up
on er marriage with the gentleman be had select
ed tor her, and, as might be expected, he was
amszed when she told him she was already the wife
of Mr. 8., and the manner in which the ceremony
was pci formed. Mr. B follow ed his employci’s
directions a id went in ‘he steamer to England.
The merchai t, I hive hcar.l, is taking rnea.-ures
to contest the validity of the marriage.
The Moon. —Sir John Herschel, at a late
meeting of the British Association for the ad- ■
vancement ot Science, ex pi essed the opinion
that the lemperatureol lhe moon’s climate must
be very high, 'far above that of baling water*
And ihe reason is, that its «uriace is exposed
tor fourteen days at a time to the unmitigated
heat of lhe sun. At the lull and tor a lew days
afterwards, the moon must certainly be the
reflectorot some heat to the earth. Sir John
has no doubt ot the fact, but as it has the char
acter of culinary raiher than solar heat, that is
to sa\’, it emanates Irom a body below the tem
perature of ignition,’ it will be arrested by the
upper strata ol the earth’s atmosphere and thus
absorbed.
There its only effect v ill be to convert visib.e
clonds into transparent vapor. He asserted
that the phenomena o! the rapid dissipation of
clouds in moderate weather soon after lhe ap
pearance id the full moon could easily be ac
counted for on this principle, and that his own
observations confirmed the theory.
It is said that Mr. Webster will make his
speech, reviewing ihe course of the Adminis
tration on ihe Mexican war, at the public din
ner to be given him. in Philadelphia about lhe
first of October,
WEDNESDAY JVI DRNING, SEPT 9,1846
Mr. Toombs—His Opponents.
Some remarkably witty and powerful efforts
have now and then found their way into the
Constitutionalist of late. There is a great dis
position in some of these writers to “ snarl” and
show “teeth’’ at Mr. Toombs. All lhe insinu
ations against Mr. Toombs, on the subject of
slavery, are too absurd and low, to be worthy
ol notice. His constituents know him too well
to lee! aught but contempt for them. They are
too low down in the scale of “ warfare” to find
an honorable place, or a respectful notice.
Other efforts are making, to impress simple
people with the belief that Mr, T. has opposed
the making of proper appropriations of money
lur soldiers who had fought, or were going to
fight, the battles of their country, and for lhe
widowsand orphans ot soldiers killed in battle.
It. is not our opinion, that the people of Geor
gia, or of this District, will sanction the doc
trine, that the State ot Georgia shall become a
paytnas'.er fur the General Government, and ap
propriate thousands upon thousands of dollars
to meet demand? against said government, at
the hazard too, ol their cveniual loss. Il is
sometimes a difficult matter to satisfy Congress
that even a just claim is such. Mr. T’oombs
had too just a sense of his duty to the people,
to squander their money in this way.
Os lhe various pitiful charges made against
him on this subject, we will notice but one, and
i hat, nut to argue the question, but to show how
smne others thought and acted <>n the same sub
ject. It is charged against Mr. Toombs, as a
great offence, lha», in 1837, he voted against the
appropriation of $30,000 to pay the expenses of
twelve or fifteen hundred troops, who had been
raised in lhe up-country of Georgia by Gen.
Charles 11. Nelson fur lhe Florida war.
We suppose it will readily occur to every
one, that if these troops had been properly call
ed into the United States service, a United
Stales Quarter-Master was lhe proper person
to “pay their way” to the “wars.” But it is
not our purpose to argue lhe question, al least
at lhe present lime.
Mr. Toomb’s offence is that he voted against
the appropriation—that he thus proved himself
to be no friend to volunteersand soldiers.
We do not recollect that the Constitutionalist,
or any other writer for that paper, urgedin 1844,
as an objection to ihe Hon. E Iward J. Black, that
he voted against the same appropriation. He
not only did that, but to ridicule lhe measure,
and show his contempt, for it, and his opinion of
its unconsfdidionality , he proposed to insert in the
resolution, (as he saw that it would pass,) that
ihe appropriation be made !”
We will add also, in conclusion, that the ap
propriation was opposed and voted against, by
Mr. Lawson of Burke, who was favorably
spoken of by lhe Democrats as a candidate to
oppose Mr. Toombs for Congress—by General
Harralson, the Democratic representative in
Congress Irom the 4th Congressional District—
and by Senator Colquitt, who, we believe, is
considered quite orthodox in the ranks of tiie
Democracy.
We think that the course of some of the pro
found writers for lhe Constitutionalist, illus
trates lhe saying that some people “go out for
wool and came home shorn.”
Read and ISxamine.
“ We are very often told, says lhe Baltimore
Argws, that lhe men ot the rev lution passed
acts lor the protection of American manufac
tures. We do not hear, though, the rates of du
ties quoted. It will be seen by the following
tab.e, how low were the protective duties ptior
to 1812.
IRlised i-i the sim« v< »r,
r „ 17Qn I and in 179A’94.’97 ,
First act tn 1799. i sn rts lo be f rora iqq-, to
Uoftt.2cents per bunliel |scenie pet biuhel.
C< fi’ec. cent*, pel lb ’• cents per lb
Cordage. (tar'd) < per In. , 2 cents per lb
Clothing (irnde)7J per cent, pet cent
('<>ilon<.. per cent ! L"» » 2A
Glass Il per c lit ISO per loot (window)
Hemp.6l) cis per cwt. .It 0 per cwt.
It on, rolled. 7A per cent J
l! isaai
\lol.ih-e-, gj cents per gal. ;
«alt, 6 cts pet lb ■ Free after 1807.
Sugar, brown, Ict per lb. 2A
Shoes, leather,7 cis per paii I 5
Nilks, 5 per cent ! I 5
Teas, per lb 6 to 20 cents 12 to 40
Ware, crnckeiy, 111 per cent 15 a2J
Woollens, 5 per < ent I 5 a2|
Articles imt enumerat cd in .
the act, 5 per cent i 7|
The above appeared in the Constitutionalist
ot the ih instant, and was placed there, no
doubt, to make the people believe that our fore
fathers were not such plunderers, as some ol
their Whig and tariff Democratic descendents.
In order to show how fair this statement is, and
what reliance can be placed upon it, we sub
join lhe following table ol a few ot me articles
included in the above, which will illustrate lhe
fairness of ihe whole.
I 18l 6 | IB2l’| ls-28 | 1532 j l>|2
Colier-, per lbjsc )5c [sc j free. ! free.
Iron in rolled bars.
per ton[s3o 8!0 $37 S3(l $25
In pigs j sio h>l2sO'slO ,$9
Cables or Chains.. 20p ct >c p lb, p lb[3c plb 2‘.plb
Nails, cot. per ib.,. 3c 5c 5c 5c |3c
Wrought'3c 5c 5c (5c lie
Molasses, per gal... .’>c s<: • Itlc 5c 4c
Salt, per bushel.... :0c |2"c 20c 110 c ,~c
Sugar, brown>3c j3c 3e ,2 c '
|I2C I2c ,12c |l2c
Shoes, leaiher, per 25c 25c j 25c ,25c 3<»c
por i j
Teas, per lbsoc 'soc { >oc free. | tree.
Flannels. bock- ? 1.,- $ Me.. S lOc.I SI4 c
i.! S s 4c bn«» .$ I P I„ P 'l < M I y
Ulan kets, 58 Ly 38..' I 5 pct2spct3s pct 5 pct jl> pc
I I I I I
Fur the highest tariff, ihat of 1828, Mr. Van
Buren voted, and Georgia democrats voted fur
him for President.
It will be seen that the tariff of 1816, was a
high tariff'. That was carried by a majority
of southern votes, with Mr. Calhoun al their
head. During the period referred to in the table,
copied into lhe Constitutionalist, Coffee was
taxed 5 cents per pound. Il is free under lhe
ac; of 1842. Teas were taxed Irom 12 to 40
cents per pound; under lhe tariff of’42 they
are free. Other articles in that table, show
that duties were higher than under that much
abused act.
Will it be denied, that General Washington,
Mr. Jefferson, Mr Madison, and Mr. Monroe,
all urged Congress throughout their adminis
trations, to give more protection by higher du
ties? We think no one will venture to deny it.
Our object in the above, has not been so much
to show that some of the duties in the table ol
the Baltimore Argus above, were higher than
under the act of 1842, as to show what they
were made in 1 SIG by southern votes. It has
no effect upon democrats to tell them that Gen
eral Jackson warmly approved of the tariffs ol
1816 and 1824, and that Mr. Van Buren, Mr.
Wright, Mr. Buchanan, Col. R. M. Johnson,
and others of the most distinguished charac
ter’ nf the democratic party voted for, or sanc
tioned lhe tariffs of 1824 and 1829! It seems
to have been criminal only in the whigs to have
voted for such “bills of abomination.”
New CeTTOjr.—About fifty bales new cotton
were received in this city yesterday, and sold at
8| cents.
Rail Road Movement in Alabama.—The
Tuskaloosa Monitor ot ihe Ist inst. says:
“ A public meeting will be held at the Court
House, a‘ 1 o’clock this afierroon, to consider
»hp extension of the Atlantic Railway, through
Tuskaloosa or its vicinity, to ihe Mississippi
river; and also to appoint an agent lo cor.fer in
Charleston on the subject.”
The Nashville Railroad^—J. Edgar Thom
son, Esq., in a letter dated Nashville, Tenn. Aug.
26, addressed to the President of the South Caroli
nr Railroad, says— u It will be doubtless gratifying
to you and your co-laborers in the cause of inter
nal improvements at Charleston, to letrn that a
route for a railroad can be obtained—from the
ncrth-castein terminus of the Georgia Improve
ments, Chattanooga, to Nashville, which will pa«s
the intervening mount <in barrieis, without stationa
ry power, and upon more fivorablc term’ than
they can be crossed upon any other contemplated
route between the Atlantic and Western States.'’
“GoodNict” —This sound is full of sweet
ness arid tenderness. Why dost thou yet linger,
departirg one ? Dost thou wish for another, and
yet ano*her good night ? Is »hat word so grateful
to thee ? Where, indeed, is the ear that loves it
not—that doc’ not wait to have it repeated more
than once ! Let us receive the 4 -* beautiful o;ds
as one of the pledges of our fair inheritance—a
temporal emblem of tho<e breathings of eternal
peace which w ill gu’h forth ftom one bosom to
another, as happy spirits meet and part in the city
of our God.
Severing Two Connections.—John Betts,
oi Rochester, ran off from his wife last week,
with his wile’s sister. He cut the wires ot the
telegraph so that the news should nut travel be
fore him.
Correspondence of the Cincinnati Commercial
on I.GON
We lay before our teadeis, below, lhe best
description ever printed of Oregon, his from
a Inanu<cript letter ol lhe Rev. Mr. Spalding,
directed to Joel Palmer, of Oregon, who is now
in Laurel, Indiana, to whom we are indebted
for it. We give Mr. P’s letter enclosing the
manuscript.
Laurel. Ind., Aug. 26, 1846.
L. G Clrtis Ed. Cin. Cmn’l:
Dear Sir :—Enclosed is the fetter written to
me by Mr. Spalding, ol Oregon. Upon ihe lasi
sheet i« a list of names (Mr. Spalding’s fri mN
in ihe U.S.) to whom Mr. S. and Mr. Whit
man requesied copies of thepapei containing ihe
letter sent. 1 am sir, ymir ob’t serv’t,
JOEL PALMER.
Before giving the letter we will remark that
Mr. Palmer i to-sed lhe Rocky Mountains and
settled in Oregon some iwo y. ars since. He
returned ol late lo visit his friends and arrange
business. 'l’he foLowing letter was obtained
from Mr. Spalding -a ten years’ resident there
—a ju.st and impartial description • f thecoun
t y from actual resilience and experiment:
Nez Perez Mission, C lear Water River.
Ohegon Territory, April 7, 1846.
My D *ar Sir,—Agreeable to your r« quest 1
most cheerfully give you my views concerning
the Oregon Territory, its extent, its most desira
ble climate, fertility of soil, Rivers and Moun
tains, Seas and Bays, and its proximity to one
of the most extensive markets opening upon
the world.
Concerning the young colony in the lower
country on the waters oi the Wallametle, its go
vernment and prospects, y<>u are better able to
speak than myself having never visited that
country.
The Oregon Teiritory is usually divided into
three great divisions, the Lower, Middle and
Upper Regions. The Upper includes the Rocky
Mountains wiih the head wateis of most <d the
rivers running Westand East, North and Simih.
and exten's West to ihe Blue and Spokan ranges
ol mountains. 'l’he Lower includes Hie Belt ol
country b »unded on the West by the Pacific
and on the East by ihe Nesquallv, Cascade and
California Mountains. The Middle Region
lies between the two anti embraces probably iar
the greatest extent of country, and in some re
spects the most desirable lor settlers. The num
ber of rainy days during the winter reason in
the Lower country is thought to be about eighty
five-one-hundredths while the number of rainy
days during the same season in the upper (or
middle) country is about fifteen-one-hundredths.
'l’heie i< but little more snow during lhe winter
season inlhe Middle than in the Lower Re
gions, or upon the plains, of course the depth of
snow upon ihe mountains depends upon ther
height. The Lower country is subject to inun
dations to a greater or less extent from the Co
lumbia River, which gathering into standing
pools and with the great amount of vegetable
dec\y consequent upon low prailie countries,
produces to some extern unhealthy fogs dui ing
lhesummer season. This, however, is giea’ly
moderated by the sea breezes from the Pacific.
The Middle Region is entirely free from these
evils and has probably one of the most pacific,
healthy, and every way most desirable climates
in ihe world This, with its extensive prairies
covered with’a superior quality ol grass tuft (or
Bench Grass,) which springs fresh twice a year,
spotted and sneaked every where with springs
and streams of the purest, sv eelest water, ren
ders it admirably adapted to the herding system.
'The Lower country will ever have great’y the
advantage in its proximity to market, extensive
sea coast, and from the lact it contains one of
the largest and best harbors in the world, viz.
Puget’s Sound, running tar inland, the mouth
of which is protected by the extensive Vancou
ver’s Island, easy ol access al all seasons and
under all winds.
But to go into detail. Myself and wile were
appointed missionarieso! the A. B. C. F. M. and
destined io this held, and with our worthy asso
ciates, Dr. Whitman and lady, arrived in this
country in the fall of 1836 The Doctor settled
among the Kayns near nori Walla Walla, and
myself at this, where we have ever since con
tinued to dwell. Our duties have called Us to
travel more or less every year to visit the distant
bands and tribes, as also lo pack our supplies.
I have traversed this middle region in seventeen
different routes, from 60 to 300 miles. Over
many ot lhe routes 1 have passed probably in
eveiy month of the year, have marked ’he pro
gress td vegetation from its earliest shooting
forth; lhe eflectsol this climate upon lhe animal
constitution, the rapidity with which cxhausied
poor animals regain their flesh and activity
when turned upon the - plains, have kept table*
under some ol these heads as also a meteorolo
gical table lor several years.
Let me here observe that my views ol lhe
country have been materially changed by a
more accurate acquaintance oi its ti ue nature.
I once thought the valleys only sus.eptible of
habitation, considering lhe plairs too dry lor
cultivation. But lam now prepared to say this
is not the case. The plains suffer tar less Irom
• 'rough! than the valbys, on account of lhe re
flection ol heat from the surrounding hills
Thecounuv, however, is no where peculiarly
subject lo drought as 1 once thought. My place
is in one of lhedeepest valleys, and consequent
ly in -st exposed to ihe r flection from the high
bluff’-, around rising 2600 and 3000 feet, bill my
farm, though prepared for irrigation, has not
been for the last four years. I find the ground
becoming more inoiM by cultivation. Three
years ago I raised 600 bushels of shelled corn
from 6 acres, and good cri ps ol wheal on the
same piece lhe two following years, no i»riga
tion. Eight years ago I raised 1500 bushels of
potatoes from one acre and a hall, measuring
some ol the bags in which they were brought
io the cellars, and so judging of lhe wl.ole
amount. 1 gave every eleventh bag for digging
and fetching, and kept a strict account of what
every person brought, so that I was able to make
a pretty accurate estimate ol lhe wh de a mount.
My potatoes and coin are always planted in
drills.
Every kin.l of grain and vegetable which I
have yet tried or seen tried in this Upper coun
try grows well. Wheat is sown in tiie fall and
harvested in June at this place, at Dr. White
man’s in July, being a more open country.
Corn planted in April and ripen in July, peas
same.
Fxtent of Country.
The southern b m dary of Oregon Territory
is the 42d dcgiecof Nonh Latitude, 'l he north
ern bottudary is not yet settled, both England
and the United States claim North us ‘he Co
lumbia River to Latitude 49 North. But this
vast fnile region, well timbered upon lhe moun
tains and river sources, and well watered, be
sides having ihe fine Haibor above named,
Puget’s Sound, must ever remain the most im
pottant potiion of Oregon,especially oi: account
of this Harbor, which will naturally control
these seas and consequently the country; should
the British Flag exclusively wave over its
placid walers, it will be to the rest of Oregon as
Quebec is to Canada or Cil-raltar to lhe Medi
terranean. Vancouver’s Island is doubtless
another reason why Great Britain wishes to
make the Columbia river ihe northern boundary.
The line of 49 passesa little north of lhe south
t*rn half of lhe 1.-land. The whole Island con
tains a teiritory considerably larger than Eng
land and Scotland, produces every kind of grain
and vegetable well, and has a climate very sim
ilar to our Middle and Southern Sta»es. What
ever nation possesses this Island or lhe south
portion of it with its neighboring Harbor,
Puget’s Sound, possesses nearly allot a nation
al consideration which pertains to Oregon and
will consequently control it. But it Ihis Island
or this portion of it wi.h its Harbor add their
ever controlling influence to the undivided in
terests ot Oregon, this young colony, but yes
terday begun, and their country whose existence
was hut yesterday disputed, will at no distant
day, under the softening file-giving it.fluence ot
civilizati- i? and our Holy Religion, lake its
place among the wealthiest, happiest best na
tions of the Earth.
The region ol Oregon, shonld it extend lo 49,
is probably capable of sustaining as great a
population as two-thirds ot th»* Territory of
the Slatesand with lar less hard labor.
< lltnaic.
'This is decidedly the inviting characteristic
of the country, and is certainly a great induce
ment for all persons ol delicate health. I speak
<>f th" Middle region. Free from marshes or
standing water and vegetable decay, the air is
remarkably pure and serene, summers rather
warm, especially in the valleys; the mercury
ranges for some lime during the hot season,
from 100 to 109 degrees ahove zero. Nights
cool, but no fog or dew except in a few places.
Twice since I have been in the country frost
has injured vines, leaves, &.C., first ol May, but
never in the tail till late; otten my melons, dec.,
are green till first of December. Four limes
since I have been here lhe mercury’ has fallen
below zero, once to 26 degrees, but usually it
ranges above 20 in lhe morning and above 50
through the day. Six ol my ten winters in lhe
country ihe rivers have remained unfrozen
through the winter The snow sometimes falls
a f-of deep, 1 should judge about once in 5
years. About half of my winters here there
has been no snow in the rallies, and but liule
on the plains except to whiren the earth lor a
short time, but it disappears in a few hours, es
pcciaOy on the south face of ihe bluffs and hills
Last year I made a collection ol flowers and
plan’s which 1 propose io send to Washington.
I ga ’nered twoflowers in Jan., on 221 and 29 h,»
and during lhe month of Feb. some 46 showed
themselves, and by the first of March the gias*
on the south face of lhe bluff’s was 14 inches.
This year l ie season was about 3 weeks later,
judging bv the appearance of flowers. I know
of no disease that can be said to be peculiar to
the country. The country is peculiarly’ bee
from sudden changes <>f weather or violent
storms. Persons who have wintered herefrom
lhe South, lell me the winters are as mild as lhe
winters in the north of North and South Caro
lina, and with less sudden charges.
Advantages of the Herding System.
The country is one extensive piairic, except
the mountains, u hich are covered with several
speciesol pine, cedar and fir. 'The prairies are
rolling, and with ihe exception of a narrow beb
of sand and sedge upon .he Columbia and por
tions of the Snake river, are every where cover
ed with the bunch grass, which, from observa
tion, I judge to be a richer, heartier food for an
imals than corn, oats and the best pasture of
the States, it is a fine solid stalk groiring two
* Flowers have been Aten the last winter and winter
before frotnkiiU-ot January. M. W,
feel high, wuh line leaves, holds its Ireshness
through the winier, I mean lhe old sloek which
mingled with the yonnir growlh which u«ually
springs fresh in ih" fall, I >rms a food lor ani
main through lhe winter, preferable to the best
hay. Horses and oxen perform labor at all sea- 1
sons upon this grass simply, without lhe aid ot
Oiain which I now think disposes lhe animal
system to various diseases. When I pack I
usually travel fiotn 35 to 10 miles a day, each
horse carries 'JOO pounds, rest an flour at noon
without taking down ihe packs, camp sun two
hours high, hobble horses, drive up in ihe morn
ing at sunrise, find horseswill endure such la
bor lor 25 or 30 days, testingot course on lhe
Sabbath, upon liiis grass without injuring them.
I’heir wind is evidently better than lhatol horses
ted on grain and hay. I have rode Irom Dr.
Whitman’s station to this, 125 miles, in 19
hours, stalling al nine o’clock ai night, driving
a spare hor.e before lor change, but this was no
advantage, for I find it is more fatiguing to a
horse to be drove than to be rode.
You doubtless recollect the man who over
took us on ihe head ol Alapausawi, Thursday
morning. He had lelt the Dal les or Long Nar
rows on the Columbia, Tuesday morning, slept
a short time Tuesday night below lhe Urilla,
passed by Dr. Whitman's siaiion and slept
Weduesdav night on the Tnkanan, a distance
from the Dalles of 240 miles, and lhe day he
passed us he travelled 55 miles more. He rode
one horse and drove another lor exchange; you
will probably even recollect those horsesasthey
lelt ns upon ihe round gallop. A man went
Irom this place, starting late, to Walla Walla,
and reiuir.eil third day,sun 2 hours high, about
2( days, whole distance I ravelled 250 miles,
but one horse. None ot Ihe-e horses were in
jured. Cattle, sheep, horses and hogs feed out
through ihe winter and continue fat. We very
often kill our beef in March and always have
rhe very best of meat. Often an ox from the
plains killed in March yields over 150 ibs. of
tallow. You have seen two specimens, ons
killed at Dr. Whitman’s and one at this place.
Sheep need lhe care of a shepherd through the
winter lo protect the lambs against the prairie
wolves. A band of mares should have a good
stud that will herd them and protect lhe colts
Irom lhe large Xvolves. Some 30diflerentkinds
ol roots grow abundantly upon ihe plains and
bluffs, which, with the grass, furnish the best
of food for hogs and they are always good pork.
'l’he south lace ot the extensive bluffs and hills
are always free from snow, and, cut up into ten
thousand little ravines, form the most desirable
reireat imaginable for sheen during lhe winter.
Here they have the best of fresh grass, and the
young lambs coming regularly twice a year are
protected irom lhe winds and enlivened by the
warm sun. We have a flock of sheep belong,
ing lo the Mission received from the Inlands 8
yearsago. There are now about 150. Notone
has yet died Irom disease, a thing of such Ire
quent occurrence in the States.
It must certainly become a great wool grow
ing country. 1 cannot but contrast the lime,
labor an.l expense requisite to look after herds
in this country, with that required in ihe States,
especially in lite Northern and Middle States
where two-thirds ol every man’s time, laborand
money is expended on his animals in preparing
and fencing pasture grounds and meadows,
building barns, sheds, stables and granaries,
cutting and securing hay and grains, feeding
and looking to animals through winter. In this
country all this is superseded by Nature’s own
bountiful hand. In this country a single shep
herd with his horse and dogs can protect and
look after 5000 sheept Aman with his horse
and perhaps dog can easily attend to 2000 head
ol cattle and horses, without spending a dollar
for barns, grain or hay- Consider lhe vast
amount of labor and expense such a number
of animals would require in the Slates. Were
I to select tor my friends a location fora happy,
healthy lile and speedy wealth, it would be this
country.
Timber is the great desideratum. But the
country ot which I ain particularly speaking,
extending everv way perhaps 400 miles, is every
where surrounded by low mountains thickly
timbered, besides two or ihree small ridges pass
ing through it; also the rivers Columbia, Snake,
Spokan, Paluse, Clear Waler Yankiomn,
Okanakan, Salmon, Wailua, Tukanan, Walla
Walla, Utilla, John Day’s and river De Sheafs,
and d iwn most ot these timber or lumbercan be
railed in any quantities, so that but a very
small portion ol the country will be over 10 or
15 miles Irom limber, most ol it in the imme
diate vicinity oltimber. The numerous small
streams which occurevery 5 or 6 miles affording
most desirable locations lor settlements, contain
some cotton wood, alder and thorn. But timber
is soon grown ftom sprouts. The slreamsevery
where run ovei a stony bottom, while lhesoil is,
entirely free from smne. Streams are rapid
affording the best ol mill privileges.
Market, Seas and Kays.
The -vesiern shores of Oregon are washed by
the placid walers of lhe Pacific w hich bring the
3(>0,090,000 ol China, the many millions of the
vast Indies and ol Australasia, and lay them
at our doors wi h opening hands to receive our
produce, which with the numerous whale
ships that literally w hiten the Northern Pacific,
calling not only fol provisions, but harbors lo
winter in, must ever afford one ot lhe most ex
tensive markets in the world lor all kinds ot
produce, and one concerning which there need
he but little fear that it will ever be overstocked.
A maiket compared « ith w hich that offered by
Wesiern Europe lo lhe Eastern section ot the
United Stales, will become as a drop to the
bucket. The United States’ commercial Agent
at Oahu, Sandwich Island, is desirous to make
a contract lor n cettain amount ot provisions to
be supplied to American shipping every year al
Oregon city, but as yet the supplies of lhe
country over and above the home consumption
are not sufficient to warrant a dependence of
our whale shlpning upon the country; in tact,
lor many years while the United States con
tinue io j our their inhabitants by tens of thou
sands every year into this young Republic,
the home maiket must continue in competition
with the Foreign. But the day is not distant
when this country, settled by an indusirious,
viiltious, sabbath keeping people, governed by
wholesome laws, blessed with schools and the
institu'ionsofourHolv Religion, will holdout|a
bundantenconragement for ihe numerous whale
and merchant ships ofthe Pacific to leave their
heavy lading of three yeat’ssupply ol provisions
at home and depend upon the market in the
immediate vicinity of their fishing grounds
others follow in ll.< i ack learning ol this new
world, and finding out our ample hatbors—
si on this little obscured point upon lhe map ot
the world will become a second North Ameri
can Republic —her commerce whitening every
s a and her crowded ports fanned by the flags
ol every nation.
From this upper country, a distance ol 300
or 400 miles, droves of cattle and sheep can be
driven to the lower with lar less expense and
labor than they ate driven the same distances in
the States, always being in lhe midst of grass
upon which they may teed every night without
lhe principal harbors are Puget’s Sound,
Mouths <1 C Jotnbia, Frazier’s Chahales,
Umpqua, Rose and Clamet livers. Doubtless
otheis will be discovered as ihe country be
comes more known. A dangerous barextends
nearly acrosstlre mouth of the Columbia, leav
ing but a narrow obscure channel, difficult ol
accessor egress except with favorable winds.
Vessels sometimes find it impossible to enter
the river by reason of contrary winds, and some
tini"s are detained tn the river two or three
rn nllts, there not being sea room enough to
go oui against a head wind. This difficulty
could be greatly obviated and perhaps removed
bv a pilot boat. Concerning ihe other rivers 1
have no certain knowledge, but have been in
formed that some ot them are navigable for
vessels Irom 40 to 60 miles and afford consider
able hatbors. Puget’s Sound, as belorc observed,
is one of the salestand best harbors in ihe world
—ran be entered or left underany winds and at
any season ot the year. The scenery around
is said to be most enchanting, two lakes near
sending off a small stream oi pure water.
A considerable river runs into lhe Sound, mak
ing a lallofsome2s feet just as it plunges
intothesea, affording the opportunity of build
ing mills upon the wharves. But very little
I as been known by Americans concerning the
extensive c. untry north ol the Columbia, till
last winier. I have several limes been told by
British suljectsthat lhe countries bordering on
Frazier's river aril Puget’s Sound were to sterile
lor cultivation, and but poor crops could be
raised on the Cowlitz. Whereas, the explor
ing party who left Oregon city last winter, re
port they found a very extensive country north
of the Columbia river, and apparently good
soil well timbered with pine and oak, well wa
tered, with the following riversand their tri
butaries, viz: TheCowli.z emptying into the
Columbia river from the north. The Chahales
runnio'” ir.loa small bay north of the Columbia
river, '’l he Ne-qualla r ising near the sources
rd the Cowlitz and runningnorth into Puget’s
Sound. Frazier’s river north of this, and se
veral stnallerones not named. On the Cowlitz,
Nesqnalla and Ftuzier’s rivers, the Hudson
Bay Company have large establishments, and
are producing vast quantities of wool, beef,
pork, and all kinds ot grain, for British whale
shir s which frequent the harbors. Besides
these establishments, they have extensive farms
and herds at Vancouver, in the Wallametle
valley and Colvile, and Trading posts on Van
couver bland, at mouth ot Columbia river,
ICni qua. Vancouver. Walla Walla, Okara
kan and'Colvile, Boise and Fort Hall, with
vetv many at the north. S. me ot these are
strongly fortified, and are being well supplied
with cannon anti other munitions of war, by
almost every ship which arrives; so I lave
been informed bv persons Irom these ships.
With the extensive valley bv the Wallametle
and its numerous tributaries, you are better ac
quainted than myself, having never visited that
country. I cannot, however, deny myself the
pleasure of expressing my opinion ot the country,
formed from information derived yearly Irom
scores ot persons who have dwelt long tn, or
travelled more or less through its extensive ter
ritory at all seasonsoi tire year. On the West
the great valley is separated from the Pacific by
low rangesof well timbered mountains that give
rise to numerous streams and small rivers,
some ol which are lately found sufficient to
admit vessels. On the east it is bounded by lhe
Cascade or range, everywhere
abounding with white pine and cedar, lhe
Wallametle river rises in latitude 42, and rtnts
' t At present it " ill f quire one insn to a
lhe winter lo protect from wofvee. But Stryckmne te u
ui« poisou wiih which to <!• 7 •-