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THURBDAYMORN1NG,~DEC. 24? 1846~
> The of the Pilgrims.
The New England Society ol this city, held
their annual meeting on Tuesday evening last
at the United States Hotel, in commemoration
of the landing ot the Pilgrim Fathers upon the
ißock of Plymouth, on the 22d December, 1620.
■That great event was the founding of the first
■colony ot New England. Associated, as it is,
[ with some of the proudest recollections of the ,
Mb*. ATf -of th is Tt is not sin ■ niar,
or inappropriate, that it should continue to be
celebrated by their descendants and honored by
all who love civil and religious freedom.
L We have not time nor room, nor is it neces
sary, to dwell upon the sufferings, the trials, the
virtues and the fortitude oi the Pilgrims, in
■heir devotion to the great principles which ani.
■nated and sustained them in their perilousad
penlures and their successful efforts in favor ot
rational liberty. A just remembrance ot them
was exhibited by the numerous company which
met to commune together in brotherly affection,
and pay their memories a tribute of respect and
honor.
• The Society, we learn, transacted the usual
business. The following gentlemen were elect
ed officers for the ensuing year :
Edward Thomas, President.
Wm. M. Rowland, Ist Vice-President.
Wm.T. Guild, 2d. “
Joseph C. Fargo, Treasurer.
1 Maurice VVilkinscn, Secretary.
Minagers.
Amory Sibley, Hubbel, N. Risley.
Thomas S. Metcalf, Wm. 11. Goodrich.
John M. Adams, Daniel Hand.
Wm. Woodbuey, Jb.
About nine o’clock the members of the So
ciety, and their guests, sat do wn to the dinner,
which had been prepared in sumptuous and
degant style, by Mr. Mixer, the courteous pro-
Jrietor of the house. Cod-fish, and potatoes,
\aked beans, pumpkin pies and Indian puddings,
it respective courses, gratified the eye and the
palate, as well as a great variety of other dishes,
lelicacies and fruits. The Pres'dent, Mr.
Thomas, presided at the entertainment, assist
’d by Col. Wm. T. Gould, one of the Vice
’residents. The evening passed in the rccipro- ,
ity of good feelings and amidst the usual pleas
ig excitements of rich and enlivening senti
ments, excellent and appropriate songs, amus
ig anecdotes and good music from a band in
ttendancc. There was but one thing to inter
apt the hilarity of the occasion, and that was,
tie absence of some who were present at the
Ist celebration, but who have since gone to that
bourne whence no traveller returns.” Just
nd heartfelt tributes were paid to their virtues
nd memories.
, The following were the regular
'y. TOASTS.
Ist. The all who honor it. — Auld Lang
2d. The memory of the Pilgrim Fathers'. Un
ending to power—unflinching from toil—undaunt
danger—they followed no leader, but con
ience; and knelt to no monarch, but God. — Par
guest Hymn.
3d. The Rock of Plymouth, from which the
pirit of Freedom poured forth at the touch of our
ilgrim Fathers, like water from the Rock of
oreb, at the touch of Moses.— Washington's
farch.
4th. New England-. The land of our fathers —
the land of our birth—the loveliest land on the
ce es the earth.”— Yankee Doodle.
oth. Georgia, the Slate of our adoption'. In the
lections of each of us, twin sister with the State of
s nativity.— Star Spangled Banner.
6th. The States of the Union : “Distinct, like
; billows—but one, like the sea.” — Hail Co-
Henceforth this winter there will be only one
earner from Liverpool per month. The day
sailing Irom that port, during the continuance
this arrangement, will be the 4th ot each
onth.
Free Negroes.—The Circuit Court of St.
ouis has recently decided, in the case brought
tore it on habeas corpus, that the children ol
■e negroes are not citizens under the conslitu
n of the United Stales, and that the laws pro
fiting them from moving to or residing in the
ale without license is not in violation of any
;hts secured to them by theconstitution. The
se will go to the Supreme Court.
Jjyl’heN. V. Courierand Enquirer intfoims
that a very largeand interesting meeting was
ild in that city on the afternoon ot the 13th
ist., at which some2ooGerman Catholics pub
cly withdrew from the church of Rome, with
hlch they have hitherto been connected.
The N. Y. Tribune of the 14th inst. says,
le Whigs have probably lost the Legislature
(Maine. At the last trial the Locos elected
members of the House, and the Whigs I.
n 9 towns no choice again, and one not heard
om .This puts the Locos 2 ahead, and proba
ly secures a majority in the Legislature.—
,ast year their majority was about fit). Never
leless they crow over this narrow escape from
eleat in a State in which their majorities have
een uniformly overwhelming since 1810!
' Steamboat Collision. -We learned last eve
ning Irom the clerk of the steamer F. M. Streck,
from Donaldsonville, and a passenger, that on
Tuesday morning abont daybreak the steam
boat Concordia, bound up the river, when
ear Donaldsville came in contact with the
eamboat Ben. Franklin No. 7, Irom Cinci.ina-
Ipr this port, carrying away thestarb >rd wheel
ise and wheel ot the latter and injuring her
s i much as to compel her to pul in-
for repairs. The Concordia
no damage bv me collision and pro-
on her trip.— Pic.
flows gently, the little rivulet which
through the meadows, and which runs
day and night, by the farm house, that is
rather than the swollen fl ■>>.!.orthe wnr
cataract. Niagara excites our wonder,
we stand amazed at the power and great-
there, and he“pours i from his
hand.” Bitt one Niagara is on m.:ti tor
or the world; while the sane
I requires thousands, an t tenvol thous -nd-
fountains and gently-tl iwing rivulets,
water every farm and meadow, and every
■,Vn and that shall flow on every day, and eve
with their gentle, quiet beauty. So with
M acts ot our lives, ft is not by great deeds,
those ot the maitvrs, (hat good is io be d me ;
bv the daily and quiet virtues ot lite—the
lcli, P er . the meek forbearance, the
forgiveness, in the husband, the wile.
M father, the mother, the brother, .the sister,
friend, the neighbor, thatgi od is to be done.
York Ex costs. —The ex pot slum N-w
for the week ending Fi iday last, included
bushels wheat, 31 <'2barrels 11 nr, I OSS
corn meal, 15 382 bushels corn, 117 223
cheese, 774 barrels and Illi tierces beet
■ip.irk-, 271 tierces rice, 2.067 bales cotton,
*2BO pounds tobacco.
and Valuable Cargoes.—The ship
Baker, master, cleared yesterday at this
■ t lor Liverpool, by Messrs, Mil'hell X
with 48 bales Sea Island an i 3,103 bales
inland Cotton, 180 tierces Rice and 500 bush-
valued at§loß 583 Al- ', the ship
Farley, master, for Liverpool, by
Y. Davis Esq, with 2.456 bales L’p-
Cotton and 543 tierces Rice, value I at
— Char. Cour.
The Georgia Regiment.
Montekey, Nov. 18, 1816.
Air. J. TF. Jaws— Dear Sir:—Nothing ot in
terest has transpired since my last letter. Gen.
Taylor has not yet returned from Saltillo, but
whilst on his way there he received a letter
from Santa Anna, notifying him to evacuate
the country West of the Rio Grande within
sixty days. The Mexican government have
received notice that the armistice has termi
nated, and the war will no doubt be prosecuted
with increased energy and vigor.
Despatches were received here on yesterday
from Gen. Wool. The substance of them is
that it is impossible for him to proceed to Chi
huahua, in consequence of the want of pro
visions ana the scarcity ot water on the road,
and also that there is no road from Monclova to
Chihuahua. His troops are entirely destitute
of clothing, and the weather is as cold as a
November day in Georgia; he has started for
S.iltillo, and I presume by Ji his lime he has join
ed Gen. Taylor.
There was no little excitement among the
troops here when a camp rumor was circulated
that old ** Rough and Ready,” was about to be
superseded by Gen. Scott, and we all still hope
;hat it to be tflfT? fuinor. if
we were at war with some great European pow
er, Gen. Scott would be the man to lead our
army to victory and glory. A good deal ot
sport was made of his s »up letter, but all his
predictions have come lopass; and what he
stated in that very letter, his suggestions, have
been carried out.
The health of our regiment is improving, and
we trust that before two days shall have elapsed
we will be on our march to Tampico, where
we hope that our regiment will sustain its re
putation, notwithstanding the many false state
ments that have been written to the United
Slates in reference to it.
Since my last letter Major Lear, who was
wounded in lhe battle, has died ; Capt. Ridgely
has also met with an untimely end, after fight
ing gallantly in the battles of lhe 8:h and 9di,
and the battle of Monterey, and passing through
them unharmed—that he should have been
killed by the accidental falling of his horse,
striking his head against a rock, producing a
concussion ol lhe brain, is truly melanchol' .
His place cannot be filled ; he was a brave an<
gallant efficer, and his loss is deplored by the
whole army. You shall hear from me again
before we leave for Tampico, and if Gen. Tay
lor brings any news from Saltillo! will write
you. Respectfully yours.
N. B. The members of cur company are all
well. Privates Markee and Haly died last week
at Camargo ol typhus lever.
From the New Orleans Evening Mercury.
From Texas.
By the arrival this morning ot lhe steamer
Galveston, Capt. H.iveland, we have Galveston
papers to lhe 16>h inst. and corresponding dates
Irom the interior.
The organization ot a territorial government
at Santa Fe by Gen. Kearney, the papers find
cause for loud complaint in. They claim
that Santa Fe was within the acknowledged
limits of the Republic of Texas at lhe time of
annexation, and that therelore it now constitutes
a portion of the Slate of Texas, in which neith
er the United States nor their agents have any
right to erect any form of government but such
as may originate with the people of Texas and
be established in accordance with lhe terms of
annexation, and in the manner prescribed by
the Federal Constitution. The papers seem to
be highly incensed at Gen. Kearney’s procedure
in this respect. We quote from the Austin
Democrat, as a sample :
‘ Should lhe General Government persist in
the high-handed tyrannical course it has com
on which the rectitude and justice of the war
with .Mexico can be defended, will be swept
away. The Government will be estopped from
plcarling them, but Texas will not. The Slate
contends, and will ever contend, that lhe terri
tory included within the boundaries as laid
down and defined in the law ot 1836, rightfully
belongs to her, and to her alone, and any at
tempt to establish a territorial or other govern
ment within those limits, is an infringement of
her rights as a sovereign Stale.”
The house of W. B. Nichols, on the south
side of Galveston, was much injured by lire on
the 11 th.
in the county of Bastrop there were this past
season, in cultivation, 3094 acr n s in corn, 1019
in cotton, 210 acres in oats; and 92 acres pota
toes. There are at present 47,000 bushels of
corn for sale in that county.
The meeting which was held in Galveston to
facilitate the communications with lhe country,
resulted in a committee ot thirteen being ap
pointed. to cause to be made surveys of roads
on two different routes, one leading from Vir
ginia Point towards the Brazos, ami lhe other
Irom Bonvar Point, in such a direction as to
serve most effectually in opening communica
tion with the country between the Trinity and
Sabine rivers, and with Eastern Texas general
iy-
From Yucatan.—4'he re was an arrival at
Havana from Yucatan, with dates from Meri
da to lhe 24th ult. D. Thomas Lopez had re
signed the Vice-Presidency and been accepted
as Deputy to Congress D»n Pedro Sowza had
been named in his place. Our files of Hava
na papers unfortunately are not complete.
The papers mention news from Yucatan re
ceived three days previously, and spoken of as
important, but ot the tenor pf it we are left in
ignorance.—Pic. 18fA inst.
Great Kall Road Project.
Wc find lhe following communication in the
Mobile Herald and Tribune:
Messrs. Editors:—l have for some two
month? been calling the at’enlion ol lhe citi
zens ol Mobile and the members of lhe Legis
latures ot Alabama and Mississippi to the im
portance and practicabi ity ot building a rail
road from this city, through a portion of Alaba
ma, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky to the
mouth of the Ohio river, where it empties into
the Mississippi river- This route would only
be about 359 miles in length, over a dead level
pine woods and prairie country and not cross
ing a single river, stone or mountain.
A railroad can be constructed over thisroute
at a less cost per mile than any other in lhe
United States. A reference to maps will satis
fy any one ot the tact. Its stock would pay a
larger dividend than that of any similar im
provement on this continent. The probable
cost would not, 1 think, exceed $3.000,OlX). —
From an examination ot maps and a large por
tion of the country, 1 find that it is entirely
practicable and easy to construct a road Irom
St. Louis to the mouth of the Ohio river, lhe
distance being only 120 miles.
Thus, by a railroad of 470 miles in length,
over a country admirably suited to lhe purpose,
the whole of the rich and productive States ot
lhe north-west would be connected with the
Gulf of Mexico. It would enable the varied
and teeming agricultural products ot that region,
by a short and sale transportation, to reach an
outlet al our port, whence they could be export
ed at all seasons ofthe year.
Alabama, Mississippi, 1 ennessec, Kentucky
and Missouri are the five richest Stales oi the
Union. They furnish more articles of value
lor export, and consume more foreign merchan
dize than any other five Slates of lhe Union. —
1 challenge any person to point out any route
fora railroad, in any portion cf lhe United
Slates, of lhe same length and connecting so
great an interest, which could be built so cheap
ly. Only think of an hourly communication
between MobileandSt. Louis by Amos Ken
dall’s magnetic telegraph, and of travelling from
Mobile to St. Louis and back in forty-eight hours.
The great travel that now goes up and down
the Mississippi river, would go by this route,
and ail north-western and southern mails would
of course lake lhesame direction.
1 am apprehensive of trespassing upon your
columns and will close here. 1 shall, however,
fiom time to time resume this subject and bring
it more clearlv before the public.
M. J. D. Baldwyn.
Mobile, December 17th, 1846.
zl 11eavy Contract. —We learn that Messrs.
Chollar& Jones, of this village, have made a
contract with Government, for the casting ol
five hundred tons of bomb shells, at 5 cts. per
lb., intended for the Mexican war!— B’csf Troy
Adv.
Prize Money.—A letter irom an officer in the
U. S. squadron off I'ampico says—
We took an estimate of the prize money accru
ing on the various prizes taken at Tabasco and
this place. It amounts to $220,000 —half of which,
$ 110 000, goes to Government; so the navy is at
last doing something for itself.
Imaginary evils soon become real ones by
indulging our reflections on them, as he who
in a melancholy fancy sees something like a
face on the wall or lhe wainscot can by two or
three touches with a lead pencil, make it look
• visible, and agreeing with what he fancied.
From N. O. Picayune, \Bthinst.
Later from Mexico.
By the arrival of the bark Catharine, Capt.
Swift, we have Havana papers which announce
the arrival there on the 7ih of the British stea
mer Clyde from Vera Cruz, with $1,600,000
in specie. The Clyde sailed on the Ist inst.,
<ind brought advices from the city of Mexico to
lhe 29 hos November. The latest courier with
the mail for the packet left the capital at noon
on that day. Onr previous advices were to the
17th cf November.
Among lhe passengers on the Catharine were
J. P. Norris and A. P. Jackson ot lhe U. S.
Navy. We learn that they are recently from
the Pacific squadron, by lhe way ol Chagres,
and are lhe bearers of despatches irom Com.
Stockton to lhe Government.
The U. S. sloop of war Albanj' arrived at
Havana on lhe 9th inst. from New Yotk. A
letter bag from her was brought over by lhe
Catharine.
The news from Mexico would be important
were it but true. A courier arrived at the city
of Mexico from San Luis Potosi on the 29ih
ult. with lhe news that an entire brigade ofthe
American Army, consisting of not less than
one thousand men, had revolted and with tl eir
arms and baggage, inarched to join lhe army ot
Santa Anna. The same courier brought word
further, confirming a previous report which had
been received, that Gen. Taylor’s ranks had
been so thinned by fever and desertion that he
had withdrawn jrp.m. baliille, whither he had
proceeded, andjetired to
pose tiiTs is (iiervtexican mode of relating how
our Army has suffered considerably from fever,
how a few soldiers had been Induced to desert
at Monterey, and how Gen. Taylor went on to
Saltillo and returned precisely when it was sup
osed he would.
Two hours after the Clyde left Vera Cruz
and while within sight ot that port she spoke
the British sloop ot war Daring, from ’Tampico
tor Sacrificios. The Daring reported the loss
ot lhe steamer United States, no doubt mean
ing lhe Neptune. The loss was much exag
gerated, as it was said that most ot lhe crew
perished and $150,000 in specie were lost.
There can be no doubt that lhe Neptune was in
tended, for it is said lhe lost boat had just con
veyed 500 men from Matamoros and rafely
landed them at Tampico.
The Daring also repor.ed that another U. S.
steamer was probably lost, because she had
been twelve days expected at Tampico from
.Matamoros, and during that lime violent north
ers had prevailed, blowing sometimes a ht'.rii
cane. We confess that we have little fears that
this report will prove authentic, though we do
not suppose the Captain ot the Daring intention
ally exaggerated it.
The resignation of Ilaroy Tamariz as Minis
ter of Finance has been announced. He was
succeeded by Senor Villamil, whose despatches
we see dated as late as Nov 21st. Since .hen
he has resigned, and Gen. Almonte has provi
sionally taken chargeof lhe portfolio of finances.
His first step was to give an order counter
manding all payments; but then reflecting what
•a blow this would inflict upon public credit,
and how injuriously it might affect some nego
tiation on loot, he countermanded the order al
most as soon as issued.
Gen. Santa Ana is said to be profoundly dis
gusted with the manner in which the foreign
debt has b°en arranged, as well as in the other
financial measures of the administration.—
Frauds and enormous peculations are broadly
insinuated by some ot lhe papers against indi
viduals—Haroy Tamariz in particular—but
lhe charges are not explicit
A Vera Cruz paper oi November 28th states
that a letter has been received from San Luis
Potosi, dated Nov. llth, communicating the
information that there would be concentrated
in that city in the course ot that month the fol
lowing forces: From 10,000 to 12.000 infantry,
in a fine state of equipment; 40 pieces of anil
lery. with the requisite ammunition and ap
pointments; 6000 cavalry, permanent and ac
tive, well mounted and each dragoon with a led
horse; and about 10,000 cosacos, [cossacks or
irregular cavalry’—rancheros we presume are
meantjarmed with lances and machetes. These
last are said to be intended to harrass the in
vading armj' on its march, acting under the direc
tion oi oflkersol note, directing all their efforts
to annoy lhe enemy, so that he may be beaten
afterwards by lhe regular army, at lhe points
designated by Santa Anna, who, to strengthen
himself, has ordered lhe construction of good
fortifications.
1 ne same jeiier 01 iuc iiui aiHiuuncerrrnc ar
rival in San Luis that day of Gens. Valencia,
Coriazar and Pacheco, lhe first named having
a division of 8000 troops in lhe valley of San
Francisco for want of quarters in the capitol.
The letter also speaks ofthe fine state in
which were lhe two brigades under lhe com
mand < I Gens. Vasqucz and Sombardini. It
also commends the five brigades of cavalry un
der lhe command ot Gens. Minon, Romero,
Juvera, Guezman and Coriazar. It adds that
another body ot 8000 men is organizing in the
town of'Tula, which last are to act according
to circumstances after lhe Americans have taken
possession of Tampico, as the forces which occu
py it will be in communication with 2000 Ame
ricans who have left Monclova for Monterey
or Saltillo. Some further details of their mili
tary organization, which are not particularly
important, but designatinglhe particular regi
ments under the command ot particular officers,
are contained in lhe papers.
A meeting ot the officers of the National
Guard in lhe city ot Mexico was held on the
26th ult. to confer upon selecting one company
from each battalion to proceed to join lhe army.
The result is not signified.
The Mexican report is that General Taylor’s
army consists of five or six thousand troops of
the line and fifteen thousand volunteers, with
one thousand wagons, whom the Mexicans re
present as preparing to leave Monterey for San
Luis Potosi on lhe 21st November. It w’as sup
posed that he would be about thirty days in
traversing this extent of country.
A paragraph in a Vera Cruz paper says that
they have received the same report from San
Luis which lhe editors of Mexico had received
and published; but putting no faith in them.
What these reports arc, we are not told in the
papers before us. They may relate to the dis
sentions in Santa Anna’s ranks, but if so, it is
the only allusion to them that we can discover.
The same Vera Cruz paper says that it was
reported, moreover, that the Mexican army
would move on ti e 18ih November. This it
pronounces absolutely false, and declares that
it has neither moved, nor is there any indica
tion that it will move at present, and, the editor
adds, that in hisopinion it ought not to move
at present- We regret that lhe papers before
us are not more copious in their details on this
interesting subject. The contemplated or ru
mored movements may be those of which we
have had reports through various channels on
the Rio Grande.
From Yucatan (he reports are meagre. It is
said that lhe pronunciamenlo ot Merida has led
to some disasters. Among these the death of
Senores Barbachano and Montero are spoken
of, but the Vera Cruz editor is ignorant ot the
origin us the reports to that effect.
Senor Adame has been elected overnorof
the Slate of San Luis Potosi, at which there is
a great out-burst ot joy on lhe part ofthe pa
pers.
A letter from Mazatlan, dated lhe llth ult.,
says that the blockade ofthat port is but child’s
play ; that lhe blockade had been violated with
impunity by a national vessel; and that other
trading vessels had entered and discharged car
goes with impunity.
The exploit of culling out the Creole from
under lhe guns of San Juan de Ulina is men
tioned in lhe papers, and various versions given
of it. One is that the boat which peil inned the
feat was descried from the bastion ot San
Miguel and was hailed, As no reply was
given, it was supposed it was a boat from lhe
English steamer, engaged in some necessary
work. The editors blow up the officers of the
Castle for their negligence.
Oa the 27th ult-, toursailors from the Ameri
can squadron. who had been cast ashore, were
brought into Vera Cruz as prisoners. The de
tails of the accident arc not given.
The Spanish Minister in Mexico gave a
splendid entertainment on thebhth-day of the
GLueen of Spain. The whole diplomatic body
was present, and among the notables of tl.e
country lhe Conde de la Cortina is mentioned.
We find a decree if Gen. Salas, dated the
21st ult., extending the effect of a decree of
June last, declaring goods imported by that city
contraband. Goods entered by all other towns
in our possession are declared contraband. The
owners of goods near the line occupied by the
American troops, and intended for lhe interior,
are allowed one month to enter them at the
nearest custom-house, distant at least twenty
five miles tiom lhe American lines. If lhe
goods are not entered by that lime, they are
declared to be forfeited. Several secondary
provisions ar * given fur effecting rhe object ot
the decree, which is to prevent lhe importation
ot goods into lhe country by Americans. All
ports occupied by the Americans are declared
to be closed to foreign commerce.
We have a copy of El Gladiado de Sonora,
of the 7th October. I: is published in the town
of Hermonsillo, in the State of Sonora. It an
nounces the arrival, off the port ofGuaymas of
the American corvette Siam—Cyane, we pre
sumes meant—with a view to blockade it. An
earnest appeal is made to lhe people ot the
countrv to come to lhe defence ot it. It would
not edify our readers were we to give extracts
from the addresses ot the authorities to the in
habitants, abusing lhe United States and Com
modore Stockton.
' A letter from Chihuahua announces the ar
rival there on the 18th of October, oi James
1 Magoffin. Henry Connelly, Francisco N. and
AUGUSTA, GA., T HURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 31, 1846.
two others, one of whom was a Mexican. —
They were all taken prisoners at El Paso or at
Dona Ana. They were not allowed to com
municate with each other, and were to be im
mediately tried. Connelly is spoken ot as hav
ing long resided in the country, and accumula
ted a fortune there.
These prisoners were accompanied by sever
al Mexican traders, who gave all information
concerning the operations of our troops, the de
parture ot Gen. Kearney for.California, and the
intended departure cf a thousand troops tor El
Paso del Norte. The same h’ltcr says that a
force of 500 Mexicans had already been collect
ed at El Paso from the vicinity, and gone out
to meet the advance of the Americans.
From the N. O. Picayune Extra, Nov. 10.
Latest from Ecuador, Peru and Chili,
Through the politeness of Mr. Washington Booth,
who has recently arrived here fiorn Peru, via.
Chagiesand Havana, we have dates from Guaya
quil to the 16th November,from Lima to the llth,
and from Valparaiso to the 27th Oct.
The greatest excitement prevailed throughout
Ecuador on account of the threatened invasion of
Gen. Flores, and the citizens were daily pressed
into service to create a heavy force to resist the
invaders. In the mean time, all kinds of business
was at a stand. The Congress at Quito, the capi
tal of Ecuador, had just adjourned, after a most ex
cited session. Gen. Rocafuerte, ex-Prcsidcnt of
the Republic, had been appointed a special agent
to proceed to Peru for assistance against Flores,
and he v. as hourly expected at oirbis
way to Lima.
'The excitement in Peru, in relation to the
threatened invasion by Flores, was nearly as great
as in Ecuador. Gen. Cast ilia, the President, has
asked of the Consejo, or Executive Council, extra
ordinarypowers to send men and assistance to the
relief of their brethien in Ecuador; but the per
mission was not granted, on the ground that there
would yet be time enough.
Accounts fiom Chili represent that that republic
was ready and willing to send aid. both in men
and money,to Ecuador and throughout the South
American States it would seem there is a settled
determination to resist the expedition of Flores to
b.p last.
The dates from Valparaiso are to the 27th Oc
tober, as we have staled above. Scveial vessels,
among otheis the Edward Everett of Boston and
the St. Joseph of Baltimore, which has been Icoked
fur some time, had not arrived at that date.
The editor of lhe Diario de la Marina of Ha
vana, in his paper of the 9th inst., says that he has
seen dates from Lima up to the 7th November.
The papers were filled almost exclusively with
matters in relation to the expedition of Flores.
The Goycrnmentof Peru had appointed Don Felipe
Pardo, who had previously served in the same ca
pacity, minister to Chili.
The dates from Santiago de Chili, are to the
27th October. The editor of the Diario says:—
“This is almost the first time we have published
in Havana news from those distant countries, re
ceived in so 'bort a space of time.” The intelli
gence from Chili however is not of the least im
portance.
From California.
We have received a tile of “The Californian,”
a newspiper published at .Monterey, principally in
English, but with Spanish intermingled. A cu
rious letter sheet is this Californian. It was com
menced on the 15th of August by Messrs. Colton
& Semple, at $5 a year. The publishers are hard
up for “sorts,” no type founders being near at band ;
but they issue a very useful sheet, which upholds
with vigor American rule in California,denouncing
any further allegiance to or connection with Mex
ico.
The latest number before us is September I9th.
From it we learn that Commodore Stockton return
ed to Monterey in the Congress on the 15th Sep
tember, where he was warmly greeted With his
force he took possession of Los Angeles without
resistance, Gen. Castro, although superior in num
bers, retreating into Sonora.
The U. S. frigate Savannah, under Capt. Mer
vinc, was to sail from Monterey on the 20th of
September, with scaled orders. No clue is given
as to their destination. The U. S. store ship Erie
was also about to sail, but her destination is not
mentioned.
The election returns from California are novel,
if not important. In San Juan, Don Mateo Felon
has been elected alcalde. In Monterey, for the
same office, the canvass must have been biisk, and
the following is the result: “Dm Walter Colton
[the chaplain of the Congress] 68 votes, Don Juan
Malarin 37 votes, Don David Spence 65 votes,
Don Manuel Dias 60 votes, Don Sal- ador Munras
40 votes, Milton Little, Esq. 36 votes, William E.
P. Hartnell, Esq. 32 votes.” Upon this return the
chaplain was declared duly elected for one year.
His friends and those of hi? competitors may be
Interested tn these dulaau. la o»--bia~abtfcnee
or illness, Don Mil ton Little was elected substi
tute; Messrs. Hartnell, Spence, Dias and others
were chosen councillors, and Don Salvador Munras
treasurer.
The ship Brooklyn, of New York, arrived at
Monterey, from Bodega, on the 17th September.
Ex-Governor Alvarado has returned to his lesi.
dence in Monterey, and been kindly received.—
Other Mexicans are exhorted to pursue the same
course.
The first jury ever summoned in California was
empanelled in the alcalde’s court of Monterej’ on
the 4th September. It was for the trial of a case
in which Isaac Graham was plaintiff and Don Car
los Ronsillion defendant. The jury was c< mposed
of Mexicans and Americans—about “half and
half” wc infer from the names—a Mexican being
foreman. The defendant was indicted for fraudu
lently shipping off lumber, the property of the
plaintiff. Mr. Colton presided and heard testimo
ny for several hours. The jury acquitted the de
fendant of felonious intent, but found a balance
due plaintiff of $65 ; but as the defendant had be
fore offered to pay this without suit, the plaintiff
was ordered to pay the costs. Their verdict gave
satisfaction, and the plaintiff publishes a card ex
onerating defendant from suspicion of unfairness.
From the Philade phia North American.
The Liberty of the Pres*.
Locofocoism has left lew ofthe privilegesol
an American freeman unassailcd, and, ol those
lew, another has been selected tor attack. The
session ofConsress opens with an assault upon
the freedom of lhe Press. Mr. Payne, a file
leader of the party, and one whose empty brain
rings like a watchman’s rattle in every debate
proclaimed, on the second day ofthe session,
lhe following, as lhe sentiments of his political
friends, as to lhe privileges vt lhe press :
“This he would say, that a course had been
pursued by some ofthe political and party press
es of the day which, in any other country but
this would have been treated as treasonable, and
it wanted but an overt act to constitute it ac
tual treason, even here. Prejudices had been
excited- religious prejudiceshad been appealed
to—and every art employed to misrepresent lhe
Administration, and mislead the people.”
This, then, is lhe administration’s construe
tion of lhe law oilreason. Every editor who
dares to doubt lhe wis lorn and patriotism ofthe
President is guilty ot treason. The gag-law
will be too feeble for the correction of this evil;
even the European censorships, which only de
nounce imprisonment, are 100 lenient this
champion of the administration would make a
difference 01 opinion with the President an act
of treason, a crime to be punished only through
the gentle offices of the hangman. He would
raise a gallows over every printing press ; and
hang without mercy lhe daring wretch who pre
sumes “to misrepresent the administration and
mislead the people.” The right to grumble is
almost all lhauhe administration has left us;
but even that is to be made a capital offence.
'This is Locofoco Democracy.
True Nobility.—Wc find a most beautiful
anecdote of a man in elevated station, .w ith whose
name Europe is now re echoing, and whose
good deeds to his nation seem towarm the hearts
ot those who love virtue and justice in Ameri
ca. It purports to be an abstract ol a letterfrom
Rome and is published in an English paper.—
It tuns to the effect that a man was airested in
Rome whilst distributing clandestinely a pam
phlet, entitled “History oi Pius IX, tne enemy
ot religion, and chief ot young Italy.” When
the Pope heard ot the arrest, he ordered the
man to be brought before him. After interroga
ting lhe offender, his Holiness—“As your faults
affect only myself, I pardon you.” The man
fell at lhe feet ot the Pope, and offered to reveal
the names of the authors ofthe pamphlet, but
lhe Pope replied—“ Let their fault be buried in
silence, and may repentance touch their hearts.”
This is one of the most touching instances
of character exalted and elevated by purity and
Christian love, that we ever remember to have
seen. It shows lhe highest moral dignity, and
we might almost say the very “beauty ot holi
ness.”— Boston Trans.
Indeed !—The day before the election in
Pennsylvania, the Washington Union said ot
lhe contest in that State that li thc lines between
Democracy and Whiggcry arelegibty drawn.”
Since lheelection, lhe Washington correspon
dent ofthe Mobile Register says, in regard to
the same contest, that ‘'All the Democratic can
didates defeated, were of lhe PIG or PUPPY or-
Leaving them to settle so delicatea compli
ment to their leaders, among themselves, we
are glad to have the “legible line” ut Father
Ritchie, jo clearly defined by lhe correspondent
ofthe Register, and we commend them both to
befitting remembrance by the Democracy ot lhe
‘old Key Sone” State.— Mont. Jjwt.
Anne Boleyn.—As Queen Anne Boleyn,
wile of Henry VII!.. and mother of Queen Eli
zabeth, wasgoinglobe beheaded in the Tower,
seeing a gentleman there ot the king’s privy
chamber, she called him to her, and with a
cheerful countenance, and soul undaunted by
approaching death, said to him, ‘ Remember
me to the king, and tell him he is cons ant in
advancing me to the greatest honors. Fiom a
private gentlewoman he made me a Marchio
ness; from that degree made me a Queen ; and
now because he can raise me no higher in this
world, he is translating me to heaven, to wear
a crown ot martyrdom in eternal glory.’
DEC. -V>
Dahlonega Mint.—The amount of money
coined during the month of November, was forty
nine thousand one hundred and forty dollars. It
was in half and quarter eagles.
The Bank of Hamburg has declared g divi
dend of §1,50 per share, being 3 per cent, for
lhe last six months, payable on and afler the
first of January next.
Both houses of the Legislature of North-
Carolina have .unanimously resolved to ad
journ over from Wednesday of this week to
Monday next, and to avail lheinselves.of the
Holydays to visit the city of Wilmington, in a
body.
Resolutions werb introduced into both bran
ches ot the North-Carolina Legislature, on
Monday last, appropriating she sum of ten thou
sand dollars, lot lhe purpose of and
paying the expenses to Wilmington of the regi
ment of Volunteers called into the service ot
the United States.
X
A«t Ol4> Vessel—A barque called the Can
ton, belonging to Capt. Ilaytien, in the Island
ot St. Domingo, was recently wrecked on lhe
Muscle ridges, on her voyage from New York
to Bangor, Me. She is said to have been
sixty three years old, and to have been still sound
having been built of teak wood, by the Duict
East India Company. She did not go to pieces
on the Ledge on which she struck, but bea
over, and went ashore high up, so that it is fear
ed she will be a total loss.
The War. . 1
The conclusion of a long article in the Gov- I
ernmentotiicial paper of Thursday evening runs
thus:
’l’he Federalists are wont to speak ot the “strict
accountability” to which they will hold the ad
ministration. Be it so, say we in reply—the
stricter the better. But let it not be forgotten
(hat in this accountability before the people,
t here are two parties—on the one hand, an Admin
istration striving to protect the public rights, and
to uphold lhe public honor, and on the other
hand, an Opposition defaming the country's
cause and inspiriting the public enemy in order
to accomplish lite ends ol faction. In such a
trial before liie people, we await the verdict
with confidence. The precedent of 1812 shows
what it will be; and no long time can elapse ere
those who now, in time of war, plead the cause
ol Mexico, will lookback with Wunder and with
repentance all too late, upon the infatuation
which would not take warning from the doom
of those who, in former days, pleaded the cause
ot England!
It may be proper to remind our readers, says
lie Baltimore American, that by the term "Fed
eralists," used above, the Union, means to de
signate the Whigs. The application of a name
deemed opprobrious is a happy device, admira
bly illustrative of the genius which conceived
it, and well suited to the organic capacity u hich
has tor its function the defence ot this Admin
istration.
So important an end would be gained by Mr
Polk’s apologist in making it appear that all
who censure the President’s course in the mat
ter of this Mexican war are really “defaming
the country’s cause and inspiriting the public
enemy,” that one can hardly be surprised at the
strenuous efforts made to establish that convic
tion. It was with some, whose political for
tunes are embarked in the same desperate ven
ture with those of Mr. Polk, the design from lhe
beginning—the very purpose for which the war
with Mexico was precipitated, that o'Tt of
martial ardour ofthecountry new ek
political capital might Le.dratin over j
of a party which began to find its to <t
giving way beneath it. Pennsylvania N.c. ‘
York kst by the overthrow of protection the
whole country alarmed or disgusted by the Sub-
Treasury, with the reaction ot disappointment
and mortification overwhelming the Adminis
tration on account of its management ofthe
Oregon controversy —these symtoms of aliena
tion, coupled with lhe distrust and dissatisfac
tion which the President’s conduct had inspired
in the minds of many leaders in his own party,
were all significant and ominous of coming dis
aster and defeat.
A war with Mexico, with stirring appeals to
the patriotism ofthe nation, might form a new
basis for rally ing—might furnish new materials
lor reconstructing a forfeited popularity; and
this the more especially as the occasion might
be used for opening fresh sources of vitupera
tion on political opponents, who of course would
be classed with the enemies of the Republic,
and might be charged with giving them “aid and
comfort,” to the great enhancement of Mr. Polk’s
glory, who would thus be constituted by his ad
herents the official custodiary of the national
honor. What wonder is it that in the eager
pursuit of an object like this the paper warriors
who were to fight the battles of lhe Administra
tion al home should seem to forget that lhe
gallant men who went to fight the battles of
their country in the field ot arms were not all
ol one party 1
Whenever the test of service has been pre
sented, where has there been, except in the poli
cy of the Administration itself, any sign of
hesitation or wavering in respect to a vigorous
prosecution of the war? Have the Whigs
held back when any were pressing towards the
field ot battle? Has there been any obstruction
thrown by them in the way of voting men and
money to carry on the war? Even when an
objectionable preamble was forced upon a bill
of supplies, with a view to place them in a false
position,—and a miserable artifice it was, —
they sustained lhe bill, reserving the right of
emonstrating against its prefix.
Nevertheless, in the face ot facts known by
everybody, the leaders of Mr. Polk's forlorn
hope continue with inane repetition to charge
little less than public treason on the Whigs;
nay the President himself imputes it in the
technical terms of an indictment. Thus far
the whole game of vituperation has proved a
wretched failure; nor has the Presidential en
dorsement o’ the calumny given it respectabili
ty, or added toils chances of success. The
Whigs, tor their own part, may well retain
their composure and pursue their purposes ot
national good steadily; they can rely on the
public intelligence against those who would
calculate upon the public ignorance; their
claims to patriotism do not require the official
certificate; nor need they feel concern at the
arrogance or violence of denunciation, which
is working its own discomfiture in proportion
as it becomes revolting to lhe common sense ot
the country.
The Boston Post says:
Railroad iron continues in demand, and for
immediate delivery cannot be had at §BO per ton,
as the importations are very inconsiderable
even under the reduced duty, an? manufactur
ers are full of orders for some time to come.
Gray & Co. have several contracts fcr which
they are now making, and their contract with
lhe Central road requires a makeot 10,000 tons
within a year.
The project ol a railroad from Chicago to
Galena, Illinois, has been revived, and an en
gineer employed to enter upon a preliminary
survey.
The General Court of Virginia, now in session
at Richmond, nave discharged the citizens of Ohio,
arrested for kidnapping slaves from Parkersburg,
Wood County, Va. The majority of the Court de
cided that the offence with which lhe prisoners
were charged did not occur within the jurisdiction
of Virginia—that jurisdiction extending no farther
than the Western bank cf the Ohio River, at lew
water mark.
Truth.—A parent may leave an estate to his
son, but how soon may it be mortgaged ! He
may leave him money, but how soon may it be
squandered! Better leave him a sound condi
tion, habits ot industry, an unblemished repu
tation, a good education, and an inward abhor
rence of vice, in any shape or form ; these can
not be wrested from him, and are better than
thousands ol gold and silver.
Fiom the Baltimore American.
Free Trade Fallacies.
We find in official documents and in the jour
nals ofthe Administration an almost perpetual
recurrence to the late rise in tfte prices ol grain
as proving the beneficial results of our reduced
Tariff in connexion with the new policy of En
gland on lh.e subject of the Corn laws. The
President’s Message admits that the reduced
production of some of the chief articles of food
in Gnat Britain and other pansot Europe, may
have contributed to increase the demana lor
our breadstutfs and provisions; yet adds, “but
that the great and efficient cause ot this increased
demand, and of increased prices, consists inthe
removal of artificial restrictions heretofore imposed,
is deemed to be equally certain.”
It will be paying no compliment to Presiden
tial accuracy, but it will be staling a fact, to
say that the latter portion of the foregoing state
ment is an entire mistake. And itcan be easi
ly proved to be so.
“The removal of artificial restrictions here
tofore imposed” can have reference only to the
reduction ot our Tariff and to the legislation ol
England and the subject of the Corn laws; be
cause no other nations have recently made any
changes of note in thoircommercial system.
But the reduction of our Tariff could not
have enhanced lhe frices ofbreadsluffs at home
or abroad; because the- reduction did not take
efien until the first ol this present month of De
cember, since which time if there have been
any changes in the prices ot grain they have
been downward. The increased prices to which
the President refers prevailed while lhe Tariff of
1842 was in full operation. The highest point
in the grain rnatket was reached about the mid
dle ot November, when Flour sold at §5.50 a
§5.62; Wheat at 112 a 120 cents; and Indian
Corn at 65 a7O cents. When the new Tariff
went into effect some two weeks ago the mar
ket rates, we quote from the price current ot
Friday, Dec. 4, 1846, were, tor Howard street
Hour, 54.87 J per bbl., at which rata one thou
sand barrels were sold on that day. Sales of
fair good to prime Maryland red wheat, were
made at 90 to 98 cents per bushel. Indian corn,
both white and yellow, ranged from forty-eight
to fifty cents per bushel. The present rates, as
may be seen by this day’s or yesterday’s quota
tions show a falling ot prices since the new Ta
riff went into operation. If it is thus evident
that the reduction ot our Tariff has had no ef
fect to raise the prices ot grain, the highest
point having been reached while the Tariff of
1842 was in operation and a tall of prices bav
in? actually occurred since the new Tariff
ctme into force, it is equally clear that the late
iicreased prices were not caused by the change
it the British Corn laws.
A single fact is sufficient to show this, viz :
tie fact that under the present arrangement ot
tie Corn laws the actual duty on American
vheat, when there is scarcity in England, is
greater than formerly, under the same circum
stances, when the old system was in force. For
three years lhe British farmer has a protective
futy of ten shillings in his favor against very
bw prices, and a protection of four shillings
against any price—“in fact, more protection,”
tays the last London Quarterly, “ than under
either ol the former corn laws, by which the
ninimum duty, now fotirshillings, was only one
thilling.” The Quarterly goes on to show
hat if grain should reallyrise toscarcily prices
he present system itnposesa ‘luty quadruple of
fiat which would have been payable underthe
rid Corn law. “The effect of this,” says that
ournal. “will be exemplified by the fact that
tl 15,000.000 quarters of wheat imported be
ween 1828 and 1812, under what was thought
lie high-protection Corn law, above 6,000 000
quarters came in at one shilling, and near
<.000,000 more at 2s. Bd. per quarter; and
though from tour plentitul harvests the duty tin
ier the late law had not fallen so low, it would
certainly on any real pressure have done so.”
The principle of the sliding scale under the
♦ld English Corn law provided for the fall ot
cuties in proportion to the rise ot prices indica
ting scarcity in lhe British market. Under that
system, as well as under the present, a short
crop in England would cause importations from
abroad and a rise in prices. The increased
•ates in our grain markets recently were pro
faced by the belief of a scarcity in Gieat Bri
tain and in Europe—not by any changes in our
Tariff law, which indeed was not then changed,
nor bv anv chance in the British Corn
'c.ie-,>i gra ■" .ifif.- ■■ ■
■ ■ X-Mt-..-: ’-.l*:
I ' ' i - ,
oiudu vvQscquvui upvtt nit wciici nidi me scar
city there apprehended would not be so great as
had been supposed. The elements of the cal
culation are simple enough without any need
oflugging politics into the account to make
political capital.
From Ulc New Orleans Mercury.
East India Cotton.
During the past year an effort has been made,
by English writers, to show that the prospects
of East India cotton have been gradually bright
ening, and that the increasing supply Irom lhe
East was likely to interfere seriously with the
cotton trade in America. We have always
observed, however, that the writers alluded to
were extremely barren of statistics, seldom go
ing into details, never giving any tabular views
ol lhe East India cotton trade during past years,
and only dealing in vague generalities. One
ofthe English reviewers, some lime ago, while
discussing this subject, spoke ol lhe rapid ad
vance ofthe cotton trade in Indians a powerful
argument in support ofthe construction ot rail
roads throughout Hindustan. He declared
that railroads had become absolutely necessary
there, to convey to market lhe increased quan
tities of cotton. English writers have talked
much, ot late, about the prospect of England’s
being’, at some future day not lar distant, inde
pendent ofthe American cotton market, and of
the Ea -t bt ing soon able to furnish all her cot
ton. But, in truth, East India cutton, so far
from having been of late years and nowon the
increase, has actually been on the decrease.—
The following table is given by Prof. C. F.
M’Cay.of the University ot Georgia, in an
elaborate article published in lhe December
number of Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine, on
lhe stale ofthe cotton trade throughout the
world. The table gives the amount of cotton
imported from India during the last six years,
as follows:
1841274,0 »0 bales I 1811238,000 biles
1842255.000 “ 1845155,000 “
1843182,060 “ | 1846120,000 “
If this is what English writers mean by an
advance of the growth ut cotton in India, then
we understand them. Prof. M’Cay remarks,
that this diminution in the amount of cotton
imported from India into Europe of late years,
may be attributed, in part, to a greater amount
ot the East India cotton having gone lhe other
way to China, in consequence ot the Chinese
war ; but here we think him in error; for lhe
following, from the Bombay Times, shows that
the trade in cotton between western India and
China and Singapore, has been, up to lhe pre
sent time, on the decline. The amount of cot
ton imported to China and Singapore from
Bombay, wasas follows:
18431G5 093 bales I 1815134.824 bales
1841120,149 “ J 1846118,246 “
This shows a decline of the trade in cotton
between Hindustan and China, and this decline
is a subject ot which, in India, there has long
been complaint, and during the very lime that
writers in England have been declaimingabout
the brightening prospect of India cotton. “We
have so often before,” says lhe Bombay Times,
“expressed our opinion that the cotton trade of
Western India was undergoing a rapid extinc
tion, that we have hesitated boring our readers
with the subject again,” bu! adds, that the ta
ble (which we have given above) sets “lhe de
cline in such a serious point ot view, that we
do not hesitate again calling attention to a
question ot such vital importance.”
A view of the Bombay an I Canton trade in
cotton, also shows a decline, instead of an in
crease, as Prof. McKay supposes. The amount
from Bombay to Canton has been as follows:
18-13231,510 bales. | 1845183,719 bales.
1844229,123 “ |
The cotton trade of Western India with Eng
land has also been cn a rapid decline, as ap
pears from the following table, which confirms
the fir»t table given above in this article. The
amount from Bombay to England has been as
follows:
1843133.965 bales. I 181547.931 bales.
1841178,326 “ | 184628,643 “
Nor does it appear from an inspection ot the
above tables, that, as Prof. McKay has sup
posed, when a greater amount went to China a
less amount went to England; but it is evident
that a decline has been both ot the amount to
England and to China; thus proving that the
India cotton trade is declining with all parts of
lhe world. The Bombay Times says: “Our
cotton experts to England must soon be an en
tire blank, while looking even to those of Chi
na our prospects are not much more encoura
ging. The trade is one ot decline, and every
one engaged in it is in a state ofdistress. Un
less something is soon done, it requires no pro
phetic vision to foresee, that in the course of a
few years more, we shall have Io write of it as
a thing that has ceased to exist. A reduction in
the Government land tax alone can save it; and
we would entreat the consideration of the au
thorities to this matter, upon which the welfare
of so many depends.”
Thecause assigned for this calamitous state
of things is this: “Cheap British manufac
tures, produced from cheap American cotton,
are destroying our trade.”
A person who had been listening to a very
dull address, remarked that every thing “ went
off well,” especially the audience.
The Position of Mexico.
The New York Commercial Advertiser oi
Thursday says—The Courier des Etats Unis ol
this morning has a long exposition oi affairs
within the republic of Mexico, the materials of
which, the editor says, have been derived from
sources entitled to confidence, and which, wheth
er true or false, whether wholly or only in part
correct, we think it proper to lay before our
readers. We translate almost without abridge
ment :
“The calculations founded in the linked
States on the ambitious contests of San'a Anna
and Herrera or Gomez Farias are no less er
roneous than the hopes cherished, in Mexico,
of a civil war between the Northern and South
ern Stales of the Union on the subject of slave
ry. At Mexico as at Washington some just
impressionsexist in relation to the internal trou
bles of the respective countries, but these just
impressions, being mingled with more exten
sive errors, produce false views and expecta
tions. Il shall be our endeavor to throw light
on the whole subject.
“The latest accounts received in the United
States from Monterey declare that a strong par
ty has arisen against Santa Anna in the army,
and that he has left San Luis Potosi to watch
over the doings ot the Congress at the citv ot
Mexico, in which the elections have establish
ed a inajorityr of Herera’s partizans, In these
assertions there are almost as many errors as
words. The Congress recently chosen was
convened for the single purpose of adopting a
constitution; but the additional function has
been assigned to it ot passing on the question
ot peace ol war with lhe United States. This
is the reason why lhe President ad interim and
his Minister, Rejon have refused to act on the
proposal to resume negotiation, submitted by
lhe Government of the United States. When
the Congress shallfhave agreed upon a constitu
tion it will proceed, under the provisions of
that instrument, to the election of a President;
but until the constitution is adopted that other
question will not be in order, and there is no
present indication ofthe manner in which it
will be decided.
“The project of a dictatorship ascribed to
Santa Anna, and his want ot fidelity to the
Federalist party, have no better foundation.—
When he left Havana he declared his adhe
sion to lhe idea of progression, and he has not
departed from his convictions and his promises.
It is true that he took part with the President
ad interim, Salas, in a conflict which arose be
tween that functionary on one side, and Senors
Rejon and Gomez Farias on the other. These
last chiefs of the puros or exultados, seeing the
Treasury exhausted and theenemy|approaching,
believed the situation so critical as to justify
recourse to one of those extreme measures from
which the audacity of Danton did not shrink at
one of the crises of the French revolution;
menaces were put forth, in an official journal,
against those men ot wealth who withheld con
tributions for the supportoftoe country; com
merce and properly look the alarm, and lhe
word pillage flew from mouth to mouth, it
undoubtedly was not pillage that entered into
the plans ot Farias and Rejon, who are honor
able men. The President Salas thought it his
duty to allay lhe fears ot lhe people, and the two
Ministers, whom he charged with imprudence,
sent in their resignations. Santa Anna approv
ed the conductot Salas, and hence the reports
which have represented him as once more
abandoning the Federalist party. But this is a
calumny. Santa Anna has continued faithful
to this party and its policy, though he has re
fused adhesion to its excesses. Hemarches
hand in hand, so to speak, with General Al
monte, who is bond of union between him and
Salas on the one hand, and between him and
Rejon and Farias on the other. He is not lit
erally or absolutely with either of those four
men, but they are all with him.
“As to lhe disaffection of the army, this ru
mor is of all the most improbable and untrue. —
The most numerous and most devoted parti
zans of Santa Anna have always been found
among the officers and troops, because his mili
tary qualities are those which give most bril
liancy to his character. The army belongs to
Santa Anna not only through the influence of
its most honorable sentiments, but also through
that of its worst, personal devotion and interest.
1 ■ y -ft... ■ c .. .. .
. 111.
lion.
“We believe, then, that the position ot San
ta Anna, in the post which he occupies as gen
eralissimo (and his most intimate friends af
firm that he covets no other) is firmly estab
lished. Far from being reduced, his army is
strengthened Irom day to day, and he has tor
his lieutenants men of proved capacity: among
them are Generals Viilanill and Alcona, whose
military skill is equal, ills said, to that of the
most renowned Eropean commanders —Gene-
rals Oertazar, Minon, Torrejon and Guzman,
who command 10,000 cavalry, posted in the
vicinity of San Luis Potosi—and General Don
Francisco Perez, whose bravery is proverbial.
To these bold hearts and able heads we must
add General Canalizo, who has recently re
turned to Mexico and at once made an offer
of his services to Santa Anna. All are invalu
able auxiliaries to the generalissimo, and the
struggle with them will be desperate and terri
ble. The battles that have as yet been fought,
sanguinary as they were, must be regarded as
only the prologue to the drama that will be play
whenthese great actors come upon the scene.
“Such is the true military situation of Mexi
co and Santa Anna. It deserves, as every one
may see, to be taken into serious considera
tion. But if the struggle should be arduous
and trying for the American army under the
walls ot San Luis Potosi, that will be still more
so in which it mustengage on the route from
Vera Cruz to Mexico, the route which seems
to be resolved on for the new campaign. On
thisroute exist.natural obstacles which a hand
ful ol brave men could make impregnable, The
pass called “the national bridge,” between Ve
ra Cruz and Jalapa, and the rocky defiles be
tween the latter city and Perote, would prove
sepulchres tor the Americans, over which their
valor could make its way only by filing them
with corpses. Do not humanity and reason
exact that both Americans and Mexicans make
one more eflorl for a peaceful adjustment, be
fore they plunge headlong into a conflict for
which so many lives must pay?
“On this branch of the subject we must be
gin by declaring that, according to the infor
mation we have received, the Mexican Con
gress, which must now have be ore it the over
tures of the United States Government, will
meet them with a unanimous refusal. There
was in Mexico no doubt of this result, and it
is well to dismiss all delusion here in regard
toil. But it does not follow that the Mexican
people are resolved on war at all hazards and
in any case.and will blindly reject every pro
position having peace for its object. We be
lieve that a large portion ofthe Mexican peo
ple have an adequate sense of the evils that fol
low in the train of war, and that a majority
of them would rejoice at the establishment of
peace on a basis honorable to both parties.—
But in proportion as Mexico has been|so lar un
fortunate in the progress ot the war, so do hon
or and self-love exact more from her, and the
men who overthrew Herrera because he listen
ed to the overtures ot the United States, while the
arbitrament of war had not yet been invoked,
must feel that they cannot now lend an ear to
the same overtures without subjecting them
selves to self-reproach and the reproaches of
their countrymen.
“ We concede that this is a great error—a
sentiment of dignity carried to excess. Mexi
co has indeed been less fortunate than heranta
gonist on the field ot Palo Allo and Monterey,
but mortally she has not fallen. The defeat of
Arista and Ampudia has exalted the Mexican
name in the estimation of Europe, and even of
America almost as much as a victory could
have done. Though the Mexicans have lost
much they have not lost their honor, and their
statesmen are in better condition now than they
ever were to make that submission to necessity
which the greatest nations have at limes been
forced to yield. This is the true and wise point
of view from which they should look upon the
question. But if they cnoose another—one less
exalted and less wise—it does not follow that
consideration should not be given to that other.
The sense of honor must be respected even in
its excess.
“And this principle should be understood and
acted on by the Government of the United Stales,
it would do itself honor by exhibiting tolerance,
patience and delicacy proportioned to the just
sensibility of the Mexicans. The Americans
are so situated thqt the virtue ol forbearance
ha, become one of the necessities and also one
of the glories ol the part they have to play.
But, say the Americans, what do you require of
us? Twice we have offered to re-open negoti
ations and twice our offer has been scornfully
rejected. Our reply is, ‘make the offer a third
time, and if necessary a fouith. The more fre
quently you reach forth the olive branch the
more you ennoble your victories and justify
your conquests in lhe eyes ot Europe, which,
with justice or without it, accuses you ol bound
less ambition and rapacity.’ ”
[This idea is developed at some additional
length in the Courier’s article, but we stop here,
what follows being only cumulative ]
To Chance the Color of a Rose.—Place
a fresh gathered rose in water as far as the
stem will allow, then powder it over with fine
rappee snuff, being careful not to load it too
much—in about three hours, on shaking off the
snuff it will become a green rose.
.Il GIIJST.I, G.1.:
MONDAY MORNING, DEC. 28, 1846.
“ Aid and Comfort.”
Mr. Polk charges the Whigs with giving “ aid
and comfort" to the Mexicans, by their opposi
tion to his course on the subject of the Mexi
can war. We incline to lhe opinion that Gen.
Taylor and lhe Whig officers and privates, as
also the Democratic officers and privates of his
army, have never given aid and comfort to the
Mexicans.
The Whigs have supported the country in
the war. They have not mistaken Mr. Polk
for the country, as he would have them to do,
but placing him where he deserves to be put,
under the ban and censure ot the country, they
have stood by the latter in all its necessities for
men and money. But the charge against the
Whigs of giving “aid and comfort” to the
Mexicans, comes with a very bad grace from
Mr. Polk, does it not ?
It seems to us that he gave no small “ aid and
comfort” to Santa Anna, Almonte, and a num
ber of other Mexicans of ability and distinc
tion, in ordering Commodore Conner not to op
pose their return to Mexico. It seems to us
that he gave considerable "aid and comfort” to
the Mexicans, in permitting a return to them, ot
their exiled chief and favorite, and that hater ot
this country, the bold, brave, and able Almonte,
whose heart was over-fraught with hot indig
nation against us, and breatlied nothing but a
fiery desire to slake his ambitious thirst for re
venge with the blood of our people.
How do the accounts from Mexico now read?
What has become of the dimpled smiles and
honied accents ot Gen. Santa Anna, with which
he overwhelmed Mr. Polk’s agent at Havana,
in order, through him, to make a milksop of
Mr. Polk himself? What carols of peace do
we hear from the land of the enemy ?
HTto is now rallying the Mexicans to the
field of battle, and imbueing their spirits with
a detestation of the invaders of their country
and a determination to conquer or die? Who
is it that I is healed their divisions and concen
trated their martial ardor 'or resistance to lhe
death ?
This man, through lhe orders of Mr. Polk, has
certainly been enabled to dispel lhe gloom of
the Mexicans who look upon him as the star ot
their hope and destiny. “Aid and comfort”
indeed! This is “aid and comfort” of the
most substantial character!
But Mr. Polk was fooledhy the Mexican
chief! Was he ever known not to use every
advantage to advance himself? But, from all
that has been made known, does it appear that
he promised to do anything that he has not
done? What right had Mr. Poik to suppose
that he would go counter at least to the wishes
ot his countrymen ? The Democratic papers
would say, that Mr. Polk was deceived, and
that he could not prevent it. That his inten
tions were good. Suppose they were :is he not
to be held responsible for his blundering weak
ness ?
Admit for a moment that the Whigs by their
opposition to Mr. Polk’s rashness may have in.
directly, without intending it, given " aid and
comfort ”to lhe Mexicans. The Democratic
press will not admit that they may have been
indiscreet with good intentions. Oh, no! they
were traitors to their country.
But when Mr. Polk gives positive orders to
. ' : s. Mexi a <■’ eeverni breve
■ ■ -i» 1.-'" i■
■v-rTi; ’ '■?■* ".“'Co er. i.-s ti.enoi. i
■ • I---.,—1., f s-i iKfoUim in tee -.- rul ’
I. .<... . UiisjMiSA libu,u3 (LU.
We deny, however, that lhe Whigs have af
forded “aid and comfort” to the Mexicans by
their course. That is a slander upon them, but
we do aver that Mr. Polk has afforded them un
questionable “aid and comfort,” though it may
be with good intentions. His explanation has
only shown his own folly and weakness.
No man of common sense could have calcu
lated upon the resistance by Santa Anna of the
war spirit of his country, nor could any other
result have been anticipated but that which has
taken place. Paredes, unpopular with both ar
my and people, would have been far less formi
dable than Santa Anna, the favorite of both,
who could reconcile the contending passions of
lhedifferent factions, and bring all, united firm
ly, to resist our arms.
Mr. Polk may have had good intentions, but
the "aid and comfort” which he has been the
means ot giving the Mexicans, will cost us,
we fear, many gallant spirits and many mil
lions ot treasure.
The Packet Ship “Thomas P. Cope,” of
Philadelphia, bound from Liverpool to Philadel
phia, was struck by lightning, and set on fire on
the 29th ult. Vessel and cargo a total loss.
Passengers and crew, eighty-two in number,
were taken off and have reached New York.
The Philadelphia Ledger states that the
Line ofTelegraph between that city and New
York was broken in anumber of places by the
recent storm. A more substantial iron cord is
being put up all along lhe line, which will ren
der such accidents much less frequent.
The requisition on Pennsylvania for a se
cond regiment of volunteers lor the war with
Mexico, will be very promptly met.
Gen. Scott.—The N. Orleans Picayune ot
the 20th inst. says: This distinguished officer,
accompanied by Major Smith, Capt. Monroe,
and Lieuts. Scott and Williams, arrived in our
city yesterday and took lodgings at the St.
Charles Hotel. The Gen’l appears to be in ex
cellent health and spirits, and we learn leaves
for the seat of war in the early part ofthe
week.
Shipping from this Port.—Tweenly-one
vessels cleared from this port yesterday, princi
pally for foreign ports, namely: seven ships,
tour barks, three brigs, lour schooners and three
steamers. Their cargoes consisted in part of
8235 bales of cotton, 8590 barrels of flour, and
a quanity of lard, pork, whisky, lead and to
bacco.—Pic. HOth inst.
Minister to Brazil.—We hear (says the
Washington Fountain) that Missouri is to be
honored with this mission, and that Senator
Atchison will be the fortunate recipient.
Correspondence if the Baltimore American
Washington, Dec. 19, 1846.
There are more volunteers to be called into
the publicservics, besides those already added
to the nine regiments of volunteers. Such at
least the Government gives as a probability,
and astrong one. It was said yesterday that
the Jersey regiment would, in all probability,
speedily be added to the volunteer service. It
is probable, indeed, from certain indications
given out that the Government really designs to
make a vigorous war in courseol time. Ihear,
indeed, as a current rumor, that 20,000 march
ing men may be pul upon the route from
Tampico. The rumor of a Lieutenant Gener
al in the person ot Col. Benton is believed by
many. The appointment is ot a higher grade
thana Major General, and would make Gen
erals Scott and Taylor second in command to
the Lieutenant General, who would be but one
step removed from a Captain General; who,
with us, is the President ot the United Stales,
made so as Commander-in-chief of the Army
and navy under the Constitution ofthe United
States. This is not a new proposition with
lhe conntry, i believe, though 1 know not that
a Lieutenant General has ever been appointed.
One was proposed during the last war, and
General Armstrong, I believe, was hit upon at
the time. Al this time lhe proposition does
seem to meet with much favor here, but wheth
er from lhe gieat objections to the person pro
posed, or the appointment itself, I cannot say.
Mr. Polk’s appeal to Congress to pass no bills
but such as are necessary for the vigorous pro
secution ot lhe war, and administration ofthe
Government, 1 fear is likely to have its effect,
and particularly as Mr. Daniels of N. C., the
Chairman ofthe Committee on Claims, to-day
made a violent speech against not only the very
just claim which had been pending before the
VOL.X.-NO. 53.
House during the day, but against nsarly all of
the claims before Congress.
The Committee on Foreign Relations, «f
which Mr. C. J. Ingersoll is Chairman, are
summoned to meet on Monday. All impor
tant matters connected with our Mexican re
latixns will be subjects of consideration before
this Committee, and it is said that the Chairmaa
will submit the same report which was prepared
by him at the last session of Congress. That
was a long and labored argument upon the
Mexican question, proving that there was a
good cause of war.
From the Picayune, of the 52d inst.
LATE FROM THE SQUADRON.
Total Wreck of the U. S. Brig Somors.—
Great Loss of Life I
By the arrival yesterday moraingof the bark
Morgan Dix, Capt. Hamilton, we have receiv
ed dates from the squadron at Anton Lizardo
to the afternoon ol Sunday, the 13th inst. The
full particulars of the melancholy loss of the
U. S. brig Somers will be found below.
Among the passengers on board the Morgan
Dix were Purser L Warrington, Jr., of the
Mississippi steam frigate, with his clerk, L.
Hutchinson—both on their way to the North.
By this arrival we learn that three men, cav
ed from one ot the prize schooners recently
wrecked, have been sent as prisoners to Perole.
Five out of six persons, who were on board the
prize brigFurnante when she was wrecked,
were lost? it may be recollected that three ves
sels went adrift at the time; the prize steamer—
we believe it was the Tabasquina— has never
been heard of, and those on board were doubt
less lost.
The recent intelligence from Tabasco is to
lhe effect that the inhabitants ot that State are
much disgusted with the neglect ot the Supreme
Government of Mexico in not aiding them.
From the City of Mexico, not receiving any
papers by this arrival, our intelligence is mea
gre and unsatisfactory. An opinion prevailed
in the squadron, however, founded probably up
on flying reports and rumors, that a quorum of
the new Mexican Congress could not be got to
gether at the time appointed lor its opening, the
sth December.
The Morgan Dix made her passage from
New York to Anton Lizardo in fourteen days—
eleven Irom Cape Hatteras. When she sailed
there were lying at Anton Lizardo lhe follow
ing merchant vessels: Brigs Oneco, Chinchilla
and Garnet, loaded with coal, and lhe brig
Abrasia, which had arrived in eight days from
Pensacola, with provisions and stores tor lhe
squadron. Capt. Hamilton brought up a letter
bag from the squadron.
At 11 o’clock, on lhe 13th inst., Com. Conner
arrived at Anton Lizardo from Tampico in the
steamer Princeton. In the atternoon his broad
pennant was changed to the Raritan. The Po
tomac frigate came in lhe same evening and an
chored under Green Island— lsla Verde, as it is
called by the Mexicans. When the Mnrgan
Dix sailed Irom Anton Lizardo, the following
U. S. men of war were lying near that place;
Frigates Raritan and Potomac; steamers Mis
sissippi, Princeton, Vixen and Petrita; stare
ship Relief; and schooners Bonita and Petrel.
The U.S. schooner Morris—formerly the Laura
Virginia—had sailed lor Tabasco with provi
sions, &c , for the cutter McLane. The John
Adams was blockading Vera Cruz in place of
the Somers.
The officers ot the merchant vessels speak in
warm terms ot the promptness and vigilance of
Com. Perry, who protected them by rowing a
guard round their vessels al night when attacks
by Mexican boats were anticipated. During
lhe night on which the Creole was burned by the
expedition from the brig Sotners, a parly ofeix
leen Mexicans, under command ol Captain
Alsmea, visited a small island called Salmesa,
a place used as a deposite of coal tor the U. S.
squadron, where they found a mannamed Mur
phy,generally known as Gov. Murphy, who has
a family in thie city. The Mexicans compel
led him to inform them ot the precise situation
and condition of the American vessels, threaten
ing him with death. Murphy recognized among
the party a Mexican named Flores, with whom
he was acquainted, and implored him to save
his life, which he did. Alter being informed of
lhe situation of lhe Morgan Dix, which
loaded with coal, they started with raw intention
„l Rttacki — ’ '
s light <»n deblr. It afterwards app-a<Ce -t s.
. the ccgk i... 4•" DuH BSCWCM rw ' ’hi Y' 'hh , ,■
tr'lre’ ■ .c ts- wyd'.,:y bi Be t*.
nni the Mex>. r .<. vi-.- ■•< •” ‘ that they wouti
le r.’ptlisett.
We hasten to give the following full account
of the loss of lhe Somers, furnished us by one
ot our attentive correspondents, together with
other letters giving additional details of the
melancholy calamity:
U. S. Squadron, Anton Lizardo, Dec. 9.a
Gentlemen- I have been requested to make
statement of the circumstances attending th
melancholy loss ut lhe U. S. brig 9omer«,
while maintaining the blockade off the harbor
ot Vera Cruz. The writer of this was a wit
ness ot most of the occurrences detailed, and
the nanation may be regarded as every way
authentic.
On the evening of the 7th inst. the Somers
had taken shelter under Green Island, there
being the usual appearances indicating a north
er. Early in lhe morning on the Bth, a sail
was reported from aloft. Capt. Semmee got
under way to chase, and stood out some miles,
until he made out the John Adams, being un
her return from Tampico. We hailed her ap
pearance with great satisfaction, as Com. Per
ry had already informed us that she should re
lieve us Irom the blockade as soon as she came
in.
As the wind had already hauled to the north,
and the weather was threatening. Capt.
Setnmes at once ran back to Green Island, in
tending to anchor as soon as he conld regain
his former berth, which we had proved in the
previous gales to be sale and comfortable, be
sides enabling us to maintain our station upon
the blockade.
On approaching the anchorage another sal!
was discovered apparently standing down for
Vera Cruz, through lhe passage between Green
Island and Blanquilla shoal, with lhe intention,
as wassupposed, ol running lhe blockade. Ap
prehending that the stranger vessel might suc
ceed in herdesign, Capt. Semmes was induced
to change his purpose and run by Green Island,
standing across the passage to intercept her,
making short tacks between the reefs. The
wind was then freshening from the north
west, but Capt, Semmes hoped to be able
to maintain his position until the suspicious
vessel approached, and to cut her off from
Vera Cruz. To effect this object it was ne
cessary to press the S ,-tners with canvass,
in order to avoid falling to leewsrd upon
lhe reefs, and finally to fetch Green Island an
chorage.
The Somers was exceedingly light, having
on board only fourteen barrels of provisions and
about six hundred gallons of water. After
standing across the pussage, the vessel was
tacked and run back towards Green Island, and
as we approached our berth Capt. Semmes said
he would anchor; but as there was a lull at the
moment, and the weather rather softened, he
determined to hold on a little longer, and wore
round and stood across lhe passage again. As
we neared Pajanos reef, we tacked and stood for
the northern point ot the Green Island reef.
The stranger vessel in the meantime came down
rapidly, but showed no colors.
While at this point, about half past nine
o’clock, A. M., while Capt. Semmes was stand
ing in the lee arm chest, observing the reef with
his glass, the officer of the deck, Lt. James L.
Parker, reported the appearaace ot a squall.
The brig was then on the larboard tack, under
topsails,courses,jib and main trysail Capt.
Semmes immediately crossed to windward, and
ordered the main sail to be hauled up, followed
upon the instant by the order to brail up lhe
trysail. The main sail was hauled up but the
trysail took against the lee rigging and was in
part brailed up with great difficulty, al the same
time the hr lot was put hard up. The squall
was now pressing her, the order was given by
the officer ol the deck to let go lhe lee maintop
sail sheet and on the next instant to cut away
all tacksand sheets. Finding she would not
play off, Capt. Semmes ordered the helm to be
put down, hoping to brig her to the wind. It
was, however all unavailing. From the mo
ment she commenced careening she continued
to go over with great rapidity, and in thirty se
conds was on her beam ends. In less than ten
minutes she sunk. The puff of wind was much
more violent than could have been expected
Irom the appearance ot the weather. The ac
cident is, however, mainly due to the extreme
lightness of the vessel. One or two minutes
afler she was over most of lhe men and officers
had gained lhe side ofthe vessel or the tops.
Dr. Wright and Lieut. Parker, passing through
the weather after port, werethe first to reach the
main chains. They were lolloweu by several
men, and an attempt was made, with such
means as were at hand, to cut away the main
rigging, the men and officers using their pen
knives and sheain knives lor the purpose. Capt.
Semmes, who had been dashed on lhe lee side,
was now drawn from the water, and as soon as
he gained lhe side directed our exertions.
The first lieutenant, the master, and passed
midshipman Hynson, with a large number of
men, had by this time reached ths aids of the
vessel, and were making strenuoqp exertions to
relieve her of her masts; but a fruitless
effort, lor the brig was so that thsre
was no strain upon lhe weather rigging. The
small larboard quarter boat was in the mean
time cleared away and dropped carefully round
lee<ard, and manned by her usual complement
offive oarsmen. Midshipman Clarke, who bad