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|-illii '0 # (v iMtIH 1 111
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Augusta, 0co.:
THURSDAY MORNING, AUG. 26, 1847.
“ He may, like all these, be willing to see Congress
thrust its legislative hand into the national treasury,
draw thence the proceeds of the sales of the public
lands, and scatter them among the several States.”
We are compelled to show the fond idolators
of General Jackson, how he recommended
this very scattering of "the proceeds of the
sal sos the public lands” " among the several
States/* of which the Constitutionalist speaks.
The Hon. Louis Mc Lane, then Gen. Jack
son’s Secretary of the Treasury, in his annual
report in 1831, said :
"It must be admitted, that the public lands were
ceded by the States, or subsequently acquired by the
United States, for the common benefit, and that
each. Suite has an interest in their proceeds, of which
it cannot be justly deprived.”
General Jackson, alluding to the same sub
ject, said in his message of 1832:
14 It seems to me to be our true policy that the pub
lic lands shall cease, as soon as practicable, to be a
source of revenue. 1 *
Again:
“ The object for which thty were ceded having
been accomplished, it is in the dis< retion of Congiess
to dispose oi them in such away as best to conduce to
the quiet, harmony and general interest of the
American people. 11
Mr. Ritchik, Mr. Polk’s organ, alluding to
Mr. McLane’s recommendation, said:
" Putting aside, however, ail the allurements of
■<•lf-intere.it and viewing the question alone as one be
tween the United States ami the States where the
lands are situated, we are prompted to acquiesce al
nnt'f in ..." ti... w* - » . .... i ...
once in the proposition of the Secretary — and very
much for the reason he assigns : that all cause of dif
ference with the General Government would then be
removed.”
Mr. McLane thought it would be just to the
States to divide the proceeds of the sales of
the lands among them. Gen. Jackson thought
that to do so would conduce to the “ quiet har
mony and general interests of the American
people and Mr. Ritchie took the same view I
of the question
This was all right, patriotic ami proper in
these Democrats, but when Whigs take ami ad
vocate the same yiews why it will be thrusting
the legislative hand into tin* national treasury,
to do some wild and mischievous work This
assertion is made, too, directly in the face of the
fact, that Gen. J ackson recommended that these
** proceeds” ol the land sales should be no long
er a source of revenue ! We suppose this kind
of reasoning, this looking upon an act as a
virtue in a Democrat and a rice in a Whig, is a
part of the great Democratic progress in politi
cal morality. We confess it is somewhat mys
terious to us, and we believe it will lake a good
deal of explanation to make it clear ami satis
factory to the people in general. Democratic
editors and writers will have to dive pretty
deep, too, into philosophy, or ethics of some
sort, to make it "come strate hum” to the
judgments of reasonable creatures. Wc don t
doubt but that they can make it clearer than
mud to those who, for party purposes, will
swear that blue, red and yellow are all one and
the same color.
** Dem H'ratsdt Georgia, remember that your party
has never been afraid or ashamed to reiterate its often
declared principles. Your late Convention did again
declare them in bold, distinct ami manly terms. They
are the good oh! stable principles ot Jefferson and
ot Jackson—hallowed by tune and sanctioned by the
constitution. They have preserved that constitution
in every peril, and have advanced our country to
prosperity and honor. Their influence and their ex
ample are now commanding the respect ot all nations,
and are yet destined to near peaceful sway in every
civilized land which now groins beneath the iron rod
of despotism.”
" They are the good old stable principles of
Jefferson and J ackson — hallowed by time and
sanctioned by the Constitution.** Are they, in
deed ! Let us see what was Mr. Jefferson’s
"good old stable principle." on the Tariff.
We copy from a report of his made in 1793:
“ here a nation imposes high duties on our pro
ductions, or prohibits them altogether, i’ mav be pro
per tor u* to do the same by theirs— first burdening
or excluding those productions which they bring
here in competition with our own of the same kind,
imposing on them duties lower at first but heavier
and Heavier afterwards, ns other channels of supply
open.”
In his message to Congress of December
15th. 1802. be declared that it was the titilv of
w >U>lk Ik Hll3 luv VI
the Government -to protect the manufacturfu
adapted to our circumstances " Again, in hi*
message, Nov. Sth, ISOS, alluding to the invest
ment of capital in manufactures, he said:
“ The extent o 4 this conversion is daily increasing,
and little doubt remains that the establishment formed
ami finning, will, under the auspices «*f cheap ma
terials and subsistence, the freedom of labor from tax
ation with us, and of ;>ro/eding duties ami prohibi
tion, become permanent.”
Again, from hit letter to Bknj. Austin*. 9th
June. 1816:
“ Hr, then* ton*, who is w»w astain.tf domestic ma
nufactures must be for reducing us either to a de
pendance on that nation England.) or be clothed in
skins, and to live like wild beasts in de itsand caverns.
Z am proud to #.iy lam not one of those."
It is useless to republish the views of Gen.
Jackson. We have given them several times
of late, and ail know that he advocated a Tariff
for protection, as sanctioned by the constitu
tion and demanded by the public interests.
What will our neighbor say now about the
“ good old principles Ac.
Mr. Jefferson went so far as to declare that
duties amounting even to prohibition of foreign
articles was constitutional ami might be de
manded by the acts of other government*.
But perhaps this is not one of the “ good old
principles" of Mr. Jkffkrnon to which our
neighbor refers. If it is not. let him tell us to
what he did refer. Let him mention “the
good old principles" of Mr. J. to which he did
allude ' It is a very easy matter to refer to Mr.
Jefferson as the great father of democracy,
but it is not so easy a matter to show that the
present doctrines of the Democratic party
were sustained by him.
We know the Democratic partv is depressed
just now and liable to be sunk still lower- But
we are compelled. m self-defence. to aggravate
all the symptoms of that depression when our
opponents refer to the good old principles of
Mr Jefferson and Gen Jackson to smash the
" hi< party into pieces, when that party scarce
ly entertains a political sentiment which did not
receive the sanction and support of the former
throughout his whole life, and the latter till
w nhin a short penod previous to his retirement
from the Preside ncv.
ActiriTtKo— c. EmvaKiM had
his examination before Recorder Bit i»w in. tn
Nrw Orleans, fur kdimg Bird. The
Recorder acquitted Mr Edwards, bm stated
that if any of the parboa fek themselves agnev
ed. the papers could be obtained and protvwted
to the Attornei-General The papers were j
subsequently submitted to the acting Attorney-
General, who declined takmg any steps in the .
muter —regarding it a case of- rxcnsnble homi- .
ndc *» '
Vigorous Proaeculiimuf Hit War.
The Democratic journals, from the organ ol
“■ the President at Washington, down to the small
est country village sheet, have for months
j teemed with fulsome adulation of the Admin
istration, for its "vigorous prosecution of the
war. 11 Indeed, so much have they harped upon
’ the subject, that there are doubtless many hon
est unsuspecting readers who have confidence
in its truth, particularly among those who see
and hear only the prating* of the partizans of
the Administration. If there be such, we com
mend to their special consideration, two para
graphs in the letters of Mr. Kendall, from Pu
-1 ebla, under date of the sth and 6th inst., in this
day’s paper. The facts there disclosed, were
there no other proofs, exhibit the weakness and
imbecility of the Administration, and their ut
ter unfitness for the safe conduct of the govern
ment through the difficulties in which it Ills
1 been involved by their rashness. But unfor
tunately for the country, for the lives of many
of its most valuable citizens, and the national
treasury, this is indeed but a small part of
the evidence, upon which the intelligent patri
ot relics, to make up a verdict of condemna
tion against Mr. Polk and his Cabinet. The
country ha# seen and approved the prompt
ness of Congress, in voting men and money to
the utmost extent of the demands of the Presi
dent. Thousands of soldiers have been mus
tered into the service to bear aloft her standard,
and millions of money placed at the disposition
of the Administration to secure a vigorous
prosecution of the war—yet, with all these facil
ities at the command ol the Administration, the
officers in the field have been so crippled for
the want of these important and necessary sin
ews of war, that no General has been able, in a
single instance, to follow up and reap the fruits
of his well-earned victories, except at Vera
Cruz. Such has been the hobiing, halting, vac
cillating policy of those who conduct matters
at Washington, that Gen. Taylor has been
quietly reposing upon his laurels ever since the
battle of Buena Vista, now six months, and
Gen. Scott since the victory of Cerro Gordo,
three months—both for the want of the neces
sary means for a vigorous prosecution of their
respective duties. And this is the ‘'vigorous
prosecution of the war/* of which we have heard
so much, and for which the President has been
so much landed liy his partizans !
A rale of New Cotton from Mississippi
was received in New Orleans on the I9lh inst.
A bale (the first this season) was received in
Mobile on the 19lh inst.
Ten Thousand VolunteersOkdered Our.
—We learn that the Government has finally
determined upon making a requisition for ten
thousand more volunteers, under the original
law authorizing the raiding of fifty thousand
men. We are led to believe that the requisi
tion is made principally upon the Western
States. We may expect that the call for the
additional volunteers will reach us through tl e
papers in a day or two. The design of the
Government is to have thirty thousand men
under Gen. Scott’s orders by the end of Sep
tember. The sooner the better.
Indiana Sen ate. —The Senate of Indiana i.»
again a lie, (not 26 democrats to 21 whigs, as
before stated) this being the third occurrence
•>f the kind within the last four years. In the
I louse the Whig majority is from four to six.—
Holt. Sun.
From the Cincinnati Atlas.
Ij»tr i»n<l 1 inportnut News from Santa F<*.
news of the St Louis llattalion—Severe bat
tle with the Indians—eight Americans hilled,
four wounded.
To the very attentive St. Louis correspon
dent of the Louisville Courier, w« are indobted
for the following important letter from the
West:
Camp of Arkansas River, July 23, 1847.
I have no news worth transmitting to you
but what will be painful to your readers. We
left Council Grove when I wrote you last, on
die sth inst. and arrived here 20 miles below
the Crossings, on last night. The battalion has
not moved together since we left Fort Leaven
worth; Captains Sheppardaiid Woecham were
separate, while Captains Citnuitigham, Paul
and Carnes were in one body, under the com
mand of Lieut. Col. Easton.
<hi the evening of the 20th inst., while some
of our men had crossed the Arkansas river (on
die banks of which we were encamped) for the
purpose of procuring fire wood, the Indians
pounced upon them, ami before any assistance
could be rendeivd, right of them were killed
and four wounded. The alarm was soon in
ramp that the Indians had attacked our men on
the opposite shore, and m a few moments Cupt-
Burne's Co. which was encamped ala point
nearest the river, hastened to their relief, but
before they could get in musket range the In
dians had made good their retreat on their hor
ses. Capt. McNair's Company of Cavalry.
which has been with us since we left Council
Grove, were soon in their saddles and in pur
suit. but they did not succeed in overtaking
them.
The party of Indians which made the attack
was about titty in number. Scouting parties,
in all numbering, it is supposed, between three
and four hundred were seen on the surround
ing heights. They were well mounted, and
were, it is supposed. Camanche*. Fifty of our
men were across the river at the time the at
lack was made, were in small parlies and en
tirely unarmed. Nearly all of the killed and
wounded were most horribly lanced ami scalped.
One of them was literally covered with lance
and arrow wounds. The names of the killed
and wounded are a* follows:—Company D.
Killed—('apt. Paul P. Porter and Charles
Frass. Wounded—Company of Capt. Barnes
Wm. Duncan. Lodwick. James and II Bar-
low. Killed—Volunteer Regiment—J. John
son. and . wounded. We will remain four
or five days, to repair wagons, and to rig up
Hayden’s train of wagons which are now
ng at the Eord, the cattle for which were
nearly all stolen by the Indians, preventing
them from going over
The report that the Eort had been surprised
by the Indians proves to be erroneous. The
Indians attacked and killed three men. but did
not burn the Eort.
’Ehe man who built and has charge of it says
he will abandon it unless some thirty men of
our battalion are ordered to remain with him—
of which I think there is no probability.
Further .' —A letter from the Battalion dated
25<h of July, informs us that ('apt Shepherd
moved on the day previous, and that ('apt.
Woechen would leave on the following day .
Coons, and several of the traders, were travel
ing in company with Capt. \V oechen.
• : Ba ' > < /*;. 7'.--yu;-;
Philadelphia, August 22. 4. I’. M.
Destructive Eire.— Tiro Firemen Killed,
and Tire nty HvNNded- —At eleven o’clock last
night, a tire broke out iu the engine room of
Mr. George Broom’s sugar house, on Broad,
near Quarry street. Il is supposed to have
been the work of an incendiary The estab
lishment wis totally destroyed, the books utily
having been saved.
The wall of the sugar house fell upon a
building in the rear of Newlin’s brewery, crush
ing out the front wall, which fell upon the Fair
mount and Reliance engine*, killing and maim
ing a number of those at work on them and in
the vicmi y.
Mr. Broom's loss is estimated at not less than
$140,000. about one-fifth of which was cover
ed by insurance.
Mr. \ewhn « loss is about $25,000. but he
was fully insured.
Mr. Andrew Butler, one of the unfortunate
- '
and Treasurer of the Fire Association —a most
estimable citizen in all the relations of life.
This sad catastrophe has caused great excite
ment m our city It is feared that some of
those wounded w ill also lose their lives. F.
Mow tkd Troops for M kaico. Lieutenant
Hatelv. from Ca*s\iPe. arm ed on Sunday eve
ning; and Capt. Hamilton, with his Company,
on la*t afternoon. They are a stout, hardy
looking set of boys—made of right materials—
•<nd w ill be apt to maintain the character of their
Slate, *hoitid the chances of war afford then
an opportunity.
We also learn that Cap: Wofford, from Ca«.
left Cassville on the 19th instant, and roav be
expected during the week.
Capt Fulton, with hiscotnpany, from Dade
and Chattooga were ’ eave S immer' k for
this place, on the 21st instant, alter presenta
tion of a Flag by the ladies of the place. The
ladies always know what to do, and are alway*
in the right place—and their sous must be pa
triotic. God ble*s them
The Infantrt.—Capt Grant has returned.
! ami his Company is now full.
j Capt Hervev is getting on admirably, and
• will have hts company complete i»i a few days.
I —(W. Eny 24U
From the A’. O. Picayune ZV<th in si.
>f From Texas.
I- The Galveston touched at the city of that
s name on her passage from Vera Cruz, leaving
there on the 17th inst. Our papers are to the
' 16th.
€ The Austin Democrat informs us that Mr.
ii Cotton, who recently in company with Capt.
G. K. Lewis, encountered and killed several
Indians near Laredo, has returned to Hays’s
camp witn instructions from Gen. Taylor to
- proceed to Mier, report to Gen. Topping, and
f await for further orders at that place.
Large parties of Indians are roaming over
the country between San Antonio and the
Rio Grande.
Mr. Cotton left Montery on the 24th of July.
< He represents water as scarce on the Laredo
road.
Small robbing parties infest the country be-
I tween the Rio Grande and Mexico.
Capt. Baylor had been sent out againstthem;
he captured several and hung them.
The Democrat gives the following account
’ of the fight between Capt. Lewis and Mr. Cot
■ ton on the one side, and some Lipan Indians:
The Indians attacked Capt. Lewis and Mr.
Cotton ata water hole twelve miles the other
side the Frio. They were secreted in a chap
paral when the two Texans came near the
spot, the Indians fired at them, perhaps a cou
ple of times, wounded Lewis and charged.
Cotton discharged one barrel of his shot gun
and killed an Indian —Lewis killed another
with his rifle, Cotton shot a third one badly,
while he was in the act of shooting at him—he
thinks he wounded him mortally, lie then
drew hts holster, advanced, and would have
fired again, but Lewis advised him not to do so,
unless he could make sure of his man, telling
him at the same time he was wounded. The
Indians were Lipans, twelve or fifteen in num
ber. They retreated precipitately, setting up a
most mournful howl when they saw their com
rades fall. The Indian who fired at Lewis was
so near him that the wadding set his clothes on
fire. His wound is in the hip. Cotton had
to assist him in mounting and dismounting
from his horse about every ten miles from there
to Laredo, when he left him, proceeding
through a country swarming with thieves ami
robbers. He hardly rested a moment till he I
reached Gen. Taylor's headquarters and deliv
ered the express. Lewis is in Laredo, his
wound is doing well.
The Democrat states that the company of
rangers, commanded by Capt. Johnson, from
Shelby county has left Austin for their new
station, at the old Waco village on the Brazos
river, thirty miles above the falls, and seven
west of Torrey’s Trading House. The Dem
ocrat says:
That point has also been designated by Col.
Hays, as the subsequent station of Col. Ross’s
company, which left its old camping place on
the San Gabriel, several days since, and ere
this, is at the village in the performance of its
appointed duty. This city is now entirely
without protection, further than that afibrded
by its own citizens, and those residing in the
immediate neighborhood.
Correspondence of the North American and Uni
ted Stales Gazette.
Mr. Clay.
Atlantic Hotel. Cape Island, >
Atiwust 21). 1847. (
ZlllgUSl ITT/. )
Yesterday the steamboat Cohansy arrived
here, with several hundred passengers, from
Bridgeton and that vicinity. These enthusias
tic Jerseymen had come to see the eminent
Whig, to whose fortunes, whether under ad
verse or prosperous circumstances, they had
always clung with unalterable fidelity, and to
assure him that their love was now as stead
fast and ardent as it ever has been. Mr. Hamp
ton, the able and excellent representative from
tins Congressional District, introduced them to
Mr. Clay in a brief and highly appropriate ad
dress, to which the latter made a most eloquent
and touching reply. Hetoldthem that having
left his home under the pressure of severe do
niesiic affliction, he had come northward to re
cruit his wasted health, and to find in change of
scene alleviance for his sorrows; and that he
had hoped ami expected that his progress would
have been unmarked by any public demonstra
tions. In this wish he had been disappointed :
but he could not repress the gratification which
the spontaneous offerings of regard with
which fie had been honored, had afforded him;
and he was especially happy in the tribute
which his fellow-citizens of New Jersey—a
State for which he had always entertained a high
esteem —had paid to him, in thus leaving their
homes, and coming many miles to welcome
him. Such testimonials of affection from such
men, he said, were sources both of pride and
consolation, and would he to him hereafter
grateful and cherished memories. Mr. Clay
was listened to with deep emotion; and while
he was speaking the tears cours<*<i down many
a sunburnt cheek, and when he had done the
very rafter* shook with the prolonged shouts of
his auditors.
A committee is now here who came all the
wav from Trenton to give Mr. Clay a formal
invitation to visit that city ; ami we expect to
day a steamer from New York with a numer
ous delegation bound on a similar mission.—
Mr. Clay, however, still maintains his purpose
of returning directly home : ami will leave here
on .Monday for New Castle, from which place
he will turn his steps to the southward, lit*
has derived great advantage from his visit to
the Cape; and though he has been obliged to
undergo fatigues which would break down many
a younger man. his step is as firm, ami his
smile as buoyant as they were twenty years ago.
He takes the surf daily, rides, walks, and talks
with all he meets, ami—wherever he goes, or
whatever he does—is. of course, an object of
interest and admiration.
Mr. Clayton wilt leave here this morning on
his return to his farm. His sole object in com
ing was to see Mr. Clay, (whose letter an
nouncing his approach to Newcastle, did not
reach him until Air Clay had passed down the
river.) and to invite him to partake of the hos
pitalites of Haena I 'ista; at which place these
eminent statesmen and patriots will pass a few
days together in the enjoyment of private
friendship, and conference on the welfare of
the republic.
Col. Z. Pratt's Tannery.
Hunt's Merchants' Magazine for August is
an interesting number and rich in commercial
information. Among the articles is a full ac-
count of the Tannery of Col. Zauock I’ratt. at
Prattsville, in the State of New \ ork It is
said to be the largest establishment of the kind
in the world. The following extract will fur
nish some idea of the immense scale upon
which it is conducted :
“The Prattsville Tannery . as we have said
furnishes one of the most striking examples of
individual energy and enterprise which our
country, fruitful as it is in such examples, af
fords A little more than twenty years ago.
the district of country in which it stands was a
perfect wilderness. Although just back of the
well-know n Catskill range, and not more than
thirty-six miles from the banks of the Hudson,
the great thoroughfare of our interior trade,
the depths of its hemlock forests, the solitude
of its mountain glens, and the Hashing of it*
tumbling brooks, had been explored only by
the foot of the hunter, and were as little known
to the public as the slopes and valleys of the
Rock y Mountains. In 1*24 Col. Pratt visited
this district, and. w ith unerring judgment, at
once decided upon it as the proper location.—
With a man of Colonel Pratt’s energy, from the
conception of a project to its execution is but
a single step. \Vith such men to w ill and to
do is one and the same thing. Iu less than
ninety days he had a tannery erected and ready
to commence operations.
“ 'Fins tannery is an immense wooden build
ing. 530 feet inlength. 43 feel in breadth, and
two stories and a half high. Within this area
are contained 300 vats, w ith conductors to
draw the liquor to the pump, affording about
46.00 U cubic feet of room for tanning purposes.
A large wing, 40 feet by *•> extending over me
stream, contains twelve leaches, six of w hich
have copper healers, each 2* feet lung. The
cubic contents of the leaches amount to about
12.(hM) feet, and also the bark loft, through
which, in the course of the year, passes more
.1, ... -.-J* l nt h;irk Th»> tnll!<
than six thousand cords ot bark. i tie mil's
through which it is grond are capable ol grind
ing over a coni of bark per hour : and it has
connec.ed withit a pump ofsutficient capaci
ty to deliver 2.ooocubic feet of ooze.’ or water
charged with tanning, in thirty minutes. I'he
beam-house contains thirty vats, equivalent to
7.640 cubic feet. It has connected with it three
hide mills, for softening the dry Spanish hide>
and two roKing-machines. capable of rolling
’•00 sides of leather per day Outside ot the
builditig. but connected with lhe beam-h
by an under-ground communication, are eight
stone sweat-pits, with painted arches and dues.
I'he pits are of the mosl approved size, being
in area ten feet by fourteen, and in depth eight i
feet with a spring of water at one corner. |
• The labor employed, directly or indirectly,
may be set down al two hundred men daily.— :
Fhe ramified branches of business and trade 4
that it fosters the comfort, refinement, and in
tetligence of which it becomes the centre, and
its final intiuence upon lhe growth and popu
lousnes.o of the surrounding district, cannot be
too highly estimated "
What's that.' asked a schoolmaster, pointing
to the letter X • LLiddy’s name ‘ * No. it is’nl
daddy's name, you blockhead —it is X.‘ ’No.
no. it aim. said the boy . ’vs daddy’s name. I've
scan turn write it often.’
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MOBNWG, SEPTEMBER I, 1847.
3-iigusta, Qsco.:
FRIDAY MORNING, AUG. 27, 1847.
The Constitutionalist, alluding to the ex
tracts which we made on Friday last, to show
that Mr. Berrien is not an ultra Tariff man,
as that paper had asserted, said:
“ The Chronicle has not favored us with a reference
so that we might know from what portion or portions
of the voluminous and contradictory opinions of Judge
Berrien this is taken. The editor has a wide field io
cull from. He may go back to the address of the
Free Trade Convention assembled in Philadelphia in
October, 1831, and follow the Honorable Senator in
his devious meandering* on this subject, tojiis Boston
speech on the nineteenth September, 1844; or even
to his apologetic, conciliatory, explanatory and vindi
catory speech at Milledgeville, November 13th, 1845,
in which this political Proteus again ‘defined his po
sition.’ ”
We took the extracts from his speech at Mil
ledgeville, made in November, 1845. We took
his views from that speech because we happen
ed to have it where we could immediately place
our hand upon it. The views of that speech
were in strict accordance with the opinions en
tertained and expressed by Mr. Berrien any
where in Georgia or the Union during the can
vass of 1844.
The Constitutionalist has made a long ex
tract from Mr. Berrien’s Philadelphia report
in 1831, to convict him of inconsistency. That
very report advocated the doctrine of inciden-
talprotection. But we freely admit that Mr.
Berrien’s views, in common with most of the
Southern Whigs, have become modified in
some particulars upon this question. Their
doctrine, however, doesnot make the inciden
tal the principal power. As avowed by Mr.
Polk before his election to the Presidency, so
it is contended by the Whigs, that the prolec-
Ition, shall he incident to the revenue power;
the amount of revenue raised, to be limited to
the necessary wants of the Government. It is
strange, passing strange, that Democratic edi
tors would, of all men. single out Mr. Berrien
as guilty and corrupt because his views upnn
this question have undergone some modifica
tion. The truth is, the whole country has
changed in some respects upon it. The high
tariff men have relaxed in their views and come
down to a reasonable duty. It was this very
change in them that induced Southern Whigs,
in a spirit of conciliation and good will, to meet
their Northern brethren in a spirit of compro
mise.
But Mr. Berrien must be held chain d to his
early opinions, or, if he changes at all. he can
only do so from corrupt motives’ Did not
Mr. Calhoun at one time advocate a protec
tive tariff and a national'Bank ? Has he no 1
changed his opinions? Did not General Jack-
son advocate both ? Do the Democrats insist
that lie shall be held bound by those first im
pressions ? Did not Alfred Cuthbert and
Wilson Lumpkin vote for the charter of’ the
late United States Bank? Did not Charles
J. McDonald advocate the constitutionality
and expediency of a United States Banka few
yet» r s since? Have not these gentlemen
changed their opinions? if a change in Mr.
Beruif.n is *o monstrous, how is it with regard
to these Democ. Us, upon whom the party has
showeredits favors.* The truth is, all of our
public men, the most distinguished, as well as
others, have occupied opposite sides of some
of the same questions which have agitated the
country. This is not necessarily a just founda
tion for a charge of recreancy to principle, for,
they may have felt honestly convicted of error,
and if so it was their duty to abandon that error.
The Constitutionalist says that the tariff of
1842 which Jlldgu ILhhu-n mi-tnino.l
“ Contained the minimum prtnctp/e, which was
as gross a fraud as was ever perpetrated in the form
of legislation on any people that the sun ever shone
upon—a fraud that nominally laid a duty of 20 per
cent, on articles which by an ingenious adjustment
of minimums really imposed duties of 150 to 200 per
cent.”
Did the Consfitetiuna/ist know, when pen
ning the above, that it was awfully severe up
on the greatest man in the Democratic ranks ?
If we recollect right, the minimum principle
was first introduced into our tariffs in 1816;
but. whether that be so or not, it is true that Mr.
Calhoun advocated it at that period.
Mr. Randolph, of Virginia, while the tariff
bill of IBl6was undergoing discussion, moved
to strike out the minimum duties. Mr. Cal
houn not only opposed the motion, but gave
as a reason for it that they were essential to ef
fect the objects which the friends of domestic
industry had in view.
We do not intend to argue the question now
of the utility of minimums. But if their in
corporation constitutes "as gross a fraud ns
was ever perpetrated in the form of legislation,
on any people that the sun ever shone upon,”
Mr. Calhoun's brilliant reputation is conside
rably in danger of not out-living the retribution
due to such extraordinary political criminality.
The Constitutionalist refers to a number of
articles, and gives the actual duties upon them,
to show how horrible the minimum principle
is. We shall not dispute his statistics, but let
us take two articles to see how the minimum
principle ground the people to powder ! He
states, that under the tariff of 1842, with that
principle, the duties on coarse cottons were
from 59 to 160 per cent. Now, the tariff of
1*46 abolished the minimum principle altogether
and specific duties, and adopted the ad valorem.
.According to the Constitutionalist, the tariff of
1846. then, reduced the duties from 150 and
200 per cent, back to 20 per cent. Now, we
ask those who buy those articles if they can get
them any cheaper now than they did before
the passage of the new tariff .’ Again, he says,
the minimum principle actually made the duty
on cotton bagging from 39 to 70 per cent.
Well, we al! know that under the tariff of 1842
bagging could be purchased for 12$ cents per
yard. But the minimum principle is now
abolished— the real duty is 20 per cent., and
bagging cannot be purchased for from less than
16 to I* cents per yard! These cases fairly
represent all which our neighbor has put.
The statement which we have made is better
than any argument, however ingenious, which
can be made in favor of minimums. Who
does not see in the case of coarse cottons and
cotton bagging, how completely we were ruin
ed bu minimums ! !
Which would a cotton planter prefer, mini
mums and bagging at 12$ cents, or no mini
mums and bagging at from 16 to 18 cents * So
1 much for •• os gross a frac-q as was ever per-
1 petrated in the form of legislation on any people
, the sun erer shone upon !"
i The allusion of the Constitutionalist to the
i fict that Mr. Berrien attended a Whig meet
' mg at which Cassius M. Clay was present —a
• | meeting perhaps of tens of thousands of peo-
ple—is unworthy of the Constitutionalist. and
deserves no reply :
•• The next time that the Chronicle d* Sentinel
furors the public with elegant extract* from either the
I tariff orihe anti-tariff >peeches of the honorable John
McPherson Berrien, we hope that for the benefit of
I the opponents »f protective tariffs, it will include
am >ng them the following celebrated ejaculation
” I: is copied from a publication of Judge Berrien's
V. ?.n, sp- e.. h. : i th- Georgia Journal, Sept. 10th
1*44 :‘
■■ ‘When called upon, he told twenty thousand j»a
triotiGe riT’ans, that the man who, in view of such
results to the country, would refuse to vote for the
; r 'tection of industry, he mi?ht be a verv good
• British subject, but I swear.’ said he, • that he could
| not bean American Patriot.’’
It is well known that Mr. Berrien has denied
i the correctness of the report of his Albany
* speech. But admit that the above was his lan
guage, in what connection was it uttered ‘
Mr Bfkriev had been speaking of the results
of the tariff of 1*42: of its redeeming the A’u
f tonal credit: bringing Treasury notes to par .
, raising the scrip of the Government above par :
and other happy consequences of that measure
—he was speaking of these when he used the
language above We ask. is the man who pre-
Jers a system of policy which jurors British in
terests over those of his own country a good
American patriot ? W oold he not make a good
British subject?. Those *vho supported the
tariff of 1846 may have ifone so with honest
intentions and but every man who
read the British papers after its passage saw
that they gloried over it as a signal triumph
of their interests.
The London Times saidfe lt It is almost im
possible to overrate the effect the new American
tariff will have upon the manufacturing in
dustry of this country" (England.) The Liver
pool Standard said: " The new tariff of the
United States, although still highly protective
of the native industry of the country, is a mea
sure which will be received with infinite satis
faction by the British merchant and manufac
turer. The general effect must be to increase
the value of the Americaujparket to the British
Alanufacturer, whilst it mayumsr the progress
of the people of the Fastern/States in manufac
turing skill, notwithstandinglhe large margin
of protection still left
This was the exultant Unguage of all the
British papers. No act of made
them rejoice as did this tartl* act of an Ameri
can Congress! ’
Mr. Berrien, of course, had
such as would refuse that constitutional aid to
domestic industry which was necessary to de
, velope the resources and build up the prosper
t ity of the United States. But a few days since
r we came across an extract of a letter written
by the Hon. Geo. McDuffie, of South Caro
lina, to a British Society, in which he said :
( “I habitually look upon the prosperity of Man
chester, in England, with as much interest and
gratification as 1 do upon that of Charleston or New
York, and much more than I do that of Boston.”
“ The League (alluding to the Society to whom his
letter was addressed) shall have my constant prayers
for their success.”
We do not impugn the patriotism of Mr.
McDuffie, but we must confess that we can
not understand such transcendental cosmopoli
tanism as that. We are narrow-minded enough
to prefer our own country first, others after
wards. We want this language of Mr. c-
Dvffie noted, for before we are done we in
tend to refer to it again.
\V e now ask the reader to mark the follow
ing language of Mr. Jefferson, used by him,
too, as late as 1816; (by the bye, he used such
language many years after, and died in the
same faith,) to see how completely Mr. Ber
rien is sustained:
“He, therefore, who is now against domestic
manufactures, must be for reducing us either to a
dependence on that nation (Eiigland,) or to be clothed
in skins, and to live like wild beasts in dens and cav
erns. lam proud to say that lam not one of
these 11
What will those Democrats who profess to
be disciples of Mr. Jefferson, who look upon
him as the Apostle of Republicanism, think of
this ’ But we ask, are the Whigs to be assailed
with malice, charged with hypocrisy, faithless
ness to the constitution, treachery to the South,
hatred to republican instiuitions. and, if one
retorts with severity, it is an outrage upon the
gentleness, the love of truth, the forbearance,
liberality, and magnanimity of the honorable
gentleman by whom they are made.
But to return for a moment to the English
League, to whom Mr. McDuffie wrote a letter
of love, with an expression of his constant and
devout prayers for their success. Can any one
be simple enough to believe that this British
League is seeking the good of the American peo
ple I Could this have been their object when,
in 1844, they made up, and sent over to this
country mdlions of dollars to aid in electing
Mr. I’.-i.k *<- P, .v -F r T*t,*a Rritiah nsSO-
ciation has been seeking to carry out the very
object which the British Parliament had in
view as early as the year 1699, viz: the sup
pression of manufactures in this country. In
that year Parliament declared that, “no wool,
yarn or woolen manufactures of their Ameri
can plantations, should be shipped thence or
even ladened to be shipped to any place what
ever.”
In 1719, Parliament resolved “that the cre
ating manufactures in the colonies tended to
lessen their dependance upon Great Britain”
In 1732, 1737 and 1750, regulationsand enact
ments were made forsimilar ends and purposes.
In 1783, when the first treaty between the Uni
ted States ami England, was made and signed,
the British demanded of this country, that it
should not manujacture, protect, or encourage
such a policy. Their proposition was reject
ed with the contempt it deserved. From that
time onward she made aggression upon our
commerce, impressed our seamen, and insult
ed our flag, till, in 1812. our Government was
driven to a declaration of war, to repel her out
rages and protect the National honor.
In I*ls Lord Brougham declared in the
House of Commons, that England’s policy re
• quired of her to send her goods to the mar
kets of this country, and even sell them at a
loss in order, as he said, to “ stifle in the cradle”
our infant manufacturing establishments. —
i George Canning, subsequently Prime Minis
. ter of England, made a pledge to the people of
t that country, “that he would make the people of
America reduce their tariff or dissolre their
f Inion,” and in 1844 we find the British Free
i .... . . . .. . • r
Trade Association subscribing large sums of
money to elect Mr. Polk President, for the
reason avow ed by them, that, “ifMr.Ci.AV is
elected their President, we fear we will hare to
abandon the contest!''
This brings us down to die period of Mr.
McDuffie’s British love-letter, to which refer
ence has been made. Do not the opponents
of domestic industry in this country furor that
policy, and therefore British interests, to the
injury of American policy, and the interests of
the American people!
When the Democratic papers feel inclined
again to vituperate Mr. Berrien , will they be
kind enough to copy the foregoing sentiment
of Mr. Jefferson and give iu their views upon
that ’ We are curious to know how they can
seek to devour Mr. Berrien, while professing
to prostrate themselves in worship before the
sacred shrine ot Mr. Jefferson.
The Telegraph —The Cher aw Gazette of
the 24th inst. says: With the exception of a
few miles south of Black Creek, the Telegraph
posts are up from \\ ashington City to Colum
bia. We hope soon to see the wires extended
to this place.
Health of NewOrleans.—Theofficial list
of Interments in the City of New Orleans from
9, A. M., of Thursday, the 19:h August, to
Friday, the 18th, at the same hour, shows
I 74 in all. of which 55 were of Yellow Fever.
The citizens ot Portland, Maine, have in-
vited Mr. Clay to visit that place, and a sub
committee ot seven left Boston on Friday to
tender to Mr. Clay the invitation of his Boston
friends to visit their city.
A -plendid sword and epaulettes were pre
sented to Lieut. Hunter, the hero of Alvarado,
on Saturday, by citizens of New York. The
presentation speech was made by James T
Brady. Esq. Many officers of the Army and
Navy were present.
Atlantic Steamers.—The Guadalquiver.
Captain H •.'kens, advertised to leave Liver
pool for New \ ork. we see. by the last accounts,
was further detained. The day last fixed for
her departure w.xsthe 13th or 15th inst.
The next in order is the French steamer
New \ork. announced to leave Cherbourg on
the 15th.
The Caledonia, one of the Cunarders. is al
so on her way. She left on the 19th.
The Washington, having undergone some
alterations in her upper works, was to be taken
on the Dry Dockat high water yesterday to be
coppered.
The Hermann, the second in the Bremen
line, will be launched at New York about the
first of September. — Baltimore American.
i- From the Com. Advertiser, Monday. P. M.
I Fire in New York.
At about ten o’clock last night a fire broke
1 out in Front street, between Scatnmel and
2 Walnut streets. The origin of the fire is by
i some said to have been in a stable at the rear
} of No. 317 Front street; but by others, in a
cooper’s shop, No. 321.
The flames, wherever originating, spread with
* alarming rapidity, and it was soon apparent
that the fire would extend over a large area,
principally covered with wooden tenements,
each of which was occupied by two or more
1 families. The firemen and a large body of po
lice were there as speedily as possible, and the
former made great efforts, but in vain. The
fire spread into Water street. The following
list of property destroyed, is taken from the
Tribune: —
No. 321 Front-st., cooper shop and distillery, own
ed by Larry Waterbury—entirely consumed—in
sured.
No. 315 Front-st., dwelling occupied by Mr. Jas.
Fisher, owned by John Flynn—partly burned—in
sured.
No. 317 Front-st., occupied by Janies Fisher—en
tirely burned —no insurance.
Nos. 319, 321, 323 and 325, wooden buildings—
entirely destroyed—insured.
In Water-st., Nos. 639, 641 and 643, all nearly
destroyed—dwelling houses.
No. 645, dwelling—entirely burned insured.
No. 647, dwelling of Mr. Miller—entirely destroy
ed —insured.
No. 649, dwelling, destroyed.
No. 651, dwelling, all burned.
A friend who was on the spot tells us that
nome poor families, occupants of rooms or
houses destroyed, were absent from home, and
returned only to find their dwellings and small
■ VW
■ stocks of household furniture enveloped in the
flames. Their distress was very great. The
conflagration was distinctly visible in South
Brooklyn, and was thought by some to be much
nearer than it was.
The Crops.—The Mobile Register of Sa
turday the 21st instant says:
In relation to the growing crop we daily find it more
difficult to come at any thing like a definite opinion as
to it* prospects. Advices pour in upon us from all
jiarts of the State of so conflicting and contradictory a
nature as to render it a matter of total impossibility to
arrive at a correct or satisfactory conclusion. In some
places the plant is represented as fine and flourishing,
in others injured past recovery, by the weather and
the dreaded scourges of planters, the boll and army
worm. A few weeks more will tell the tale. Should
the worm continue to extend its ravages, as it did last
year, it would be useless to speculate on the conse
quences. We refer the reader to the subjoined letters
we have received on this subject.
Extract of a letter from a highly respectable gentle
man, to his friend in this city, dated
Demopolis, August 7, 1847.
The crop is failing in this section of the country very
fast. The worm and fly are eating the cotton as bad,
or perhaps worse, than last season. The complaint is
general all over the Canebrake. 1 have heretofore
placed but little reliance upon the many reports about
short crops, but I am now convinced if the worms con
tinue their work, very little cotton will be shipped
from this place.
Extract of a letter to the Commercial Advertiser,
dated Demopolis, Aug. 10th, 1817.
The crops in this section, of the country are the
finest I ever saw, and I have some experience in the
matter. Both corn and cotton are luxuriant beyond
the most sanguine expectations. 1 yesterday con- ’
versed with an intelligent planter, who lives in the <
corner of Perry, near Dallas, who gives the same fa-
.. ...z - ...
> vorable report of the nrop, taking into consideration
the vast amount of new ground put into cult'vation
1 this year, I must conclude that (barring the worm)
I* the receipts in Mobile will be larger than ever known.
I I have seen a few open bolls from the plantation of
Gen. N. B. Whitfield, but they are scarce. This
lateness of opening is the only unfavorable feature of
the matter.
We have hud for the last ten days the finest sort of
weather, extremely favorable to saving fodder. The
: river is low and falling and the country extremely
healthy.
The M uscogek Rail Road. —By a private
letter from New York of the 19th inst., we
learn that the Wall-street proprietors of the Ma
con and Western Railroad have made their ar
rangements to run from Barnesville to the Flint
River, leaving the connexion from that point to
the people of Columbus. Messrs. Cooper ami
Stroup will, it is said, furnish the rail at seven
ty-five dollars per ton, and take a portion of
the stock in payment. — Savannah Republican.
Spots on the Sun. —The Philadelphia In
quirer says: “There are now 28 large spots,
each with a penumbra or shadow, while the
smaller ones are almost too numerous to count.
Throe upots appear through the glaaa uh blnck
as ink—the black being the more intense from
its contrast to the dazzling glory around. The
smallest spots average 606 miles in diameter,
and the largest are from 12.000 to 16,000 miles
across—that is, twice the diameter of our
earth. One day of last week, the sun exhibited
a very peculiar appearance, being of a pale
yellow color: and it was observed by Mr.
Stoddard that several of the spots appear *d
immediately afterwards. The largest spot,
however, has now been on the sun for 71 days,
during which period it has changed its form
several times.”
A meeting of the citizens of Lexington and
Fayette county, Ky., without distinction of
party, was held’ on the 14th instant, at which
resolutions were adopted with great enthusiasm
nominating General Taylor for the Presidency.
Receipt of Wool at Philadelphia. Up
wards of 500 tons of wool were received at
Philadelphia, one day last week, from Pittsburg,
to be forwarded to Lowell. Massachusetts.
The Cotton Crop.—The weather for the
last ten days has been rather favorable for the
cotton crop, and consequently the complaints
have become less general. The fruit is rapidly
maturing, and we would not be surprised if the
crop of Georgia proved considerably over an
average one particularly if we have a late fall.
Macon Journal and Messenger. of2oth inst.
New Cotton.—The receipts of new cotton
thus far amount to forty-seven bales ; of which
forty-six are the growth of Louisiana and one
of Mississippi. We understand that one bale
of Louisiana, cotton, which classed as “Good
1 and Fine,” sold yesterday at the fancy price, of
' 15 cents per pound. The total receipts of “new
crop” last season during the month of August
were 137 bales. —Aetc Orleans Delta, 20th in-
stant.
* Heavy Loss. —It is estimated that the losses
f by plunder of the U. States trains in Mexico
r amount to $5,000,000. This is certainly a
large amount. From all the published ac
counts, we would suppose that $2,000,000
would cover this business of the rancheros and «
the guerrillas.— Bolt. Sun. <
In die most fortunate event, the triumphs of J
the battle-field are truly deplorable. A French ,
lady once said to the Duke of Wellington. “ A
great victory inut be a glorious affair.”—
• Madame.” replied he, “ I conceive it to be
the most deplorable catastrophe that can possi
bly happen, except a great defeat.” The ex
perience of one man. who had been witness to
so much bloodshed, is w orth all the preachings?
of all the Peace societies in the world.
Deep, then, must be the responsibility to
God. to mankind, and to history, of that Go
vernment which either upon slight provoca
tion or for the sake of adding to its territories,
or for any other thana most controlling reason,
plunges a people into this fearful state. — Rich
mond Whig.
A New Project.—A Rail Road from Cin
cinnati to St. Louis is in contemplation; two
meetings on the subject have already been held
by the citizens of Cincinnati, who propose
making Indianapolis and Terre-Haute, in In
diana. points on the line. If accomplished, the
chain of communication from the Mississippi
to the Eastern Stateswill be perfect, and the
importance of Cincinnati be greatly enhanced. I
Accidentally Correct. — The ‘ Union”
of the 28th ultimo, in publishing the Southern
news, by some oversight allowed the following
truth to be copied into its columns: “Gen.
Taylor is still at Walnut Spring quietly await
ing the arrival of tho«e reinforcements so often
promised and always delayed."
The French Steamer Missouri arrived in
New York Saturday afternoon.
Great Snake.—The Clermont County, O-.
hio, people are draining a mill pond on the east
fork of the little Miami, for the purpose of get
• ting at a monstrous snake, some 25 or 30 feet
of whose length has been seen by six or seven
persons.
An officer of the army, writing from Monte
rey. describes a Mexican woman living near
there as follows : “She is 150 years old. four
feet six inches round the waist. Her big toe is
six inches longer than the rest ofher toes : her
foot is twelve inches broad. She has a beard
as strong as that of any man. and wears mils
tachoes. She can walk four miles an hour; she
has been married seven times." A gentleman,
distinguished for his financial sagacity, sug
gests that Mr. Walker ought to have her secur
ed, and exhibited round the country ; the pro
ceeds of the exhibitions to be appropriated to
the cancellation of the debts of the war.
Burns’ Mill destroyed by Fire.—We
learn with regret that the valuable mills of Gen.
D M Burns, in Jackson co.. were destroyed
by fire on Thursday morning last. We are in
formed by the proprietor that the fire was first
discovered in the upper story, and was no
doubt the result of friction. Only a part of
the grain of other persons in the mill was
saved, and the whole crop of the owner (about
4rio bushels) consumed. We are also informed
by him. that he has commenced rebuilding, and
Itnat he expects soon to be able to begin opera
tions in ins former line of business.— Southern
Banner. 23th inst
Augusta, oa.;
e SATURDAY MORNING, AUG. 28, 1847.
r State Policy.—State Finances —And the
Issues they' Involve.
We have already laid before our readers
i three articles on these subjects, and have only
1 a word or two to say to-day in reference to
them. The Constitutionalist admits that it was
» in error as to time about the appreciation of the
- State Bonds, but still insists that Democratic
' legislation caused it. We have already given
r our views and shall not repeat them. It is a
! significant fact, however, that they rose in value
so suddenly and rapidly after the Whigs got in
power and Governor Crawford was installed
into office
Our neighbor says that Messrs. Meriwe
ther, Crawford and Jenkins voted for the
act of 1832, authorizing the Central Bank to
borrow $725,000. It might be inferred, too,
from his statement, that they did so, to enable
the Bank to make a distribution of the money,
or a part of it, among the people. But they j
did no such thing. The State of Georgia was
largely in debt in consequence of assuming to
pay our volunteers for the Creek aud Florida
wars, and its other monetary embarrassments, I
created by Democratic legislation, rendered it
imperative that a part of this money should be
borrowed. It was left to the discretion of the
Directors of the Bank to borrow $725,000 or
less. They borrowed the whole amount and
appropriated several hundred thousand of it to I
a distribution among the people. The act for
borrowing the $725,000 especially declared— I
the Directorsof the Central Bank, be, and I
they are hereby authorized to borrow on the credit of I
the State, for the period of twelve months, a sum of I
money not exceeding seven hundred and twenty-live I
thousand dollars, at a rate of interest not exceeding I
lawful interest, for the purpose of meeting the expen- I
dituresof the Government for the political year 1838, I
to be raised in such amounts and at such times as the I
said Directors shall believe necessary to meet such I
expenditures.”
At this very session a bill was introduced I
authorizing the Directors of the Bank to bor
row money for distribution, which was voted I
against by Messrs. Jenkins and Crawford. I
Mr. Meriwether’s name does not appear I
among the yeas and nays. Hence the intima-I
tion that would connect their names with the I
act (to borrow $725,000,) for purposes of dis- I
tribution is utterly delusive. We will here
close 4 as we have already, we fear, wearied our
readers with our extended remarks on the sub- I
jects in question.
Practice Against Preaching.
“Beneath its benign sway peace and prosperity pre- I
vail. Freed from the burdens and miseries of war, I i
our trade and intercourse have extended through the I
world. Mmd, no longer tasked in devising means to I
accomplish or resist schemes of ambition, usurpation,
or conquest, is devoting itself to man’s true interests,
in developing his faculties and powers, and the ca
pacity of Nature to minister to his enjoyments.”
If Mr. Polk had honestly adhered to the
above homily on peace, “ the burdens and mis
eries of war,” (which is found in his Inaugural
Address,) he would not now be engaged in
carrying out schemes of ambition, ueurpation
or conquest.” How completely this illustrates
the policy and general character of Democrat
ic leaders! They will swear
“An honest tale speeds best, being plainly told,”
and all the time they are telling it, be planning
something as directly opposite to tneir profes
sion as the feet of the antipodes are to ours.
Mr. Polk was in favor of peace, and abso
lutely tricked the country into a war. He was
opposed to ambition, usurpation, or conquest,
and yet sought the first so successfully, that he
will be
“Damned to everlasting fame.”
The second he has practiced with the hands
of a political vandal, and the third he has pur
sued till he himself is overwhelmed in difficulty
and ruin. The country at large has yet to see
what will come of the consequences of this mo
ral triumvirate which has ruled our unfortunate
President to his overthrow, and the country
to a dangerous position, from which we trust
the goodness of Providence will relieve it.
There were four hundred deaths in the city of
New York last week. Os this number one
hundred were under one year ; between one
and two 68. By cholera infantum, 65; dys
entery, 32 ; convulsions, 28 ; consumption,
27 ; typhus fever, 30 ; marasmus, 22.
The Charleston Mercury of yesterday has
the following notice of the launch of the new
Steamboat of the Georgia Company :
Launch of a Steamboat —A Steamboat,
for the “Steamboat Company of Georgia,”
was launched yesterday afternoon atsix o'clock,
from the Ship Yard of Messrs. Addison and
Mclntosh.
This is the largest freight boat ever built in
Charleston. Her engines are being built by
Mr. James McLeish, at his foundery on Gad
sen's wharf, and will be of fifty horse-power
each.
The capacity of the boat will be about twelve
hundred bales of Cotton. She is destined for
the Savannah River trade; and is, we are told,
to be named the “ Rough and Ready.”
We are gratified in being able to chronicle
this event, and trust that the time is rapidly ap
proaching when or shipwrights will have fre
quent calls upon their ingenuity and skill in
the construction of vessels.
Mr. Towns and the Duty on Salt.—The
Secretary of the Treasury, in his Report on the
.. •*<> ».z,z-, . <.z.....
subject of the 1 anil .says : “ Salt is a necessary ,
of life, and should be as free from turns air or i
water. It is used in large quantities by the far
mere and planters, and to the poor this tax acts
most oppressively.”
On the 3d July the Tariff bill being before
the House, the following is an extract from the
Journal:
“ The question again recurred on agreeing
to the amendment of the Committee, by insert
ing Salt on the Schedule ofarticles free of duty,
and being put it was decided in the negative
Yeas, 101- nays, 105.
“ So the said amendment was rejected.”
Among the names of those who voted against
making Salt free, stands that of George \\
Towns.-SctrA. Rep.
From the Baltimore American, of 23th inst.
Arrival and Enthusiastic Reception of
the flon. Henry Clay.
The Hon. Henry Clay reached this city in
the steamboat Constitution from Frenchtown
about half past eleven o’clock last night, and
notwithstanding the lateness of the hour and
the short notice our citizens hud of his coining,
his reception was one of the most enthusiastic
we have ever witnessed.
Without any previous arrangement and with
the fact of there being a mere possibility that
he might come on in the boat, a dense crowd
of the admirers of the illustrious Statesman of
the Wes lined the capacious wharf at the foot
of South-street long before the boat hove in
sight; and when she did make her appearance,
and it was ascertained that the man who has so
strong a hold on the affections of the great
Whig partv was on board, an enthusiastic shout
of welcome burst forth from the vast multitude,
rockets were thrown up, and every one seem
ed anxious to get a glimpse of the great man.
Mr. Clay proceeded at once to Barnum’s
Citv Hotel, e-corted bv a concourse of as warm
viiv notes, escurtcu vvuvuuicv u.i ........
friends as it has ever been the lot of an Ameri- 1
can Statesman to boast of. Upon hisarrivalat
the Hotel the multitude assembled around the ’
building and seemed unwilling to depart until
he should again appear before them. Mr. .
Clay at length appeared, and after adverting to
the lateness of the hour—which precluded the ,
possibility of a speech—he thanked them for
the warm and gratifying reception which he
had received, and wishing them an affectionate
good night retired amid the best wishes of the
assembled multitude for his welfare and pros
perity.
We learn that Mr. Clay will leave this city in
the Western train this morning for his houie in
Kentucky.
The following stanza contains advice which
I story tellers of ail ages may well treasure up and
follow :
“When thou dost tell another's jests, therein
Omit tbe oaths, which true wit cannot need;
' Pick out of tales the mirth but not the sin ;
1 He pares his apple, that will cleanly feed.”
;
'• Let not any one say he cannot govern his
I passions, nor hinder them from bieaking out
1 and carrying him into action; for what he can
- do before a prince or a great man. he can do
’ I alone, or in the presence of God, if he will. —
Loda
VOL. LXI. -NEW SERIES, VOL. XL, NO. 35.
From the N. O. Picayune of 2i)th inst.
ARRIVAL OF THE GALVESTON!
• I Arrival of the Picayune 1 s Express from Puebla
- I —General Scott's Movement —Escape of Maj.
e I Gaines and Passed Midshipman Rogers—En
counter of a Train with the Guerrillas—Peril
• s I of the Train—Deaths of Adjutant Guiot.
I Lieut. Hill and Dr. Hamner—Gen. Pierce's
' I Arrival at Puebla, fa.
° I We gave in our last weekly paper, under the
I postscript head, the substance of the news by
I the Galveston. We give below some items
I and the correspondence of the Picayune.
1 I The Mexicans had made extensive prepara
-1 I tions to harrass and cut off the train. We
* I are informed that the number of Maj. Lally’s
j I command falls short of one thousand men ra
■ I ther than exceeds that number. The Mexicans
I are under the impression that the train takes
I up a million of dollars in specie—so says the
. I Boletin of Jalapa of the Bth inst., which has
, I been received at Veru Cruz. The Boletin
I prays God that the guerrillas and national guard
' I together may succeed in cutting off the train.
I The National Bridge is the point where the de-
I cisive action is expected. There was a report
I in Vera Cruz, that the guerrillas had destroyed
I a part of the bridge and erected defensive
I works there. The latest number of the Sun of
I Anahuac sets down the number of the guerril-
I las at 4000. Led on by the hope of a rich
I booty, they must not be expected to desist from
I their attacks so long as a chance remains for
I them.
The correspondent of the Delta writing un
der dale Vera Cruz, August 11th, says: In the
fight 30 soldiers were wounded, 3 Georgians
I killed, and 30 horses.
Two men belonging to the train lagged be
hind on the second day’s march from Vera
Cruz, and were cutoff by the Mexicans. One
of them was horribly mutilated, both legs being
I cut off below the knee. He died immediately.
The other was so severely wounded that he
died shortly after he was found by Capt. Bes-
I ancon’s men. The wounded man just had time
I to give a description of the murderers, three
I in number, and the course they had taken.
I They were pursued and caught and at once an
I example was made of them.
Captain Fairchild returned from a scout on
the 9th inst., after having made a circuit of
I about thirty miles. At a small town called Paso
de Toro, he found secreted in a loft some fff-
I teen or twenty escopetas and as many sabres
which were destroyed. Suspicions induced
him to examine some trunks in a honst*. in which
I he found several hundreds of cartridges wrap-
I ped up in women’s clothes. There were but
few men about the ranchos, but at almost every
place they learned that the guerrilleros had gone
up towards the National Bridge.
A detachment from Capt. Besancon’s com
pany, thirty-five in number, left on a scout on
the 9th inst. under Lieut. Waters. The Sun
I of the 1J th inst. announces that a private ol
Besancon’s company was killed the evening
previous by the Mexicans. His name was
Francis Loring, a Canadian by birth.
We regret to read in the Sun, of the death
of Lieut. Guiot, Adjutant of the Louisianii
Battalion. He died on the 9th inst., after an
illness of only three days, and was buried with
military honors the evening of the same day.
Colonel Wilson, who was to have command-
ed the troops that accompanied the last train
from Vera Cruz, is convalescent and consider
ed entirely out of danger.
The reports as to the health of Vera Cruz
are more favorable. In private practice there
was little fever, but a great deal of sickness in
the hospitals.
The Spanish Minister resident in Mexico is
expected in Vera Cruz about the 25th inst., on
his way to Spain. Letters from Vera Cruz
say he will be escorted by a body of Mexican
lancers. The Sun assigns a reason for his de
parture, in which we place no confidence. The
whole story is rather apocryphal.
I VVe are sorry to see in the Sun of Anahuac
that another courier in the employ of the Amer
icans has been shot at Antigua.
The following passengers came over on the
Galveston:
Dr. Everett, Lieut. Hart, Mr. Blanton, U. S. N., I
Mr. S. B. Elliott, U. S. N., Messrs. Lartegue, Rush.
Rice, Seely, Wager, G. Resket, J. W. Cleal, J. Wal
lace, Gapt. Tick nor, and 2 on deck.
Editorial Correspondence of the Picayune.
Puebla, Mexico, August 3, 1847.
Intelligence has just been received that Captain
Ruff*, with a squadron of cavalry, has given the guer
rillas a severe drubbing at San Juan de los Llanos.
Gen. P. F. Smith learning on his arrival at Ojo de
Agua that a party of these gentlemen of the road had
a rendezvous at the former place, despatched Captain
R. with orders to surprise them if possible. The ex
pedition was successful in every way—the guerrillas
were surprised before they had time to reach their
horses, and at once took refuge in a church and in
two or three stone houses adjoining. Into these our
men at once charged, the Mexicans recoiled in dis
may, and after a short struggle were entirely defeated,
with a loss of between 30 and 40 killed and some 50
wounded. A priest and cure, said to have been in
some way connected with the guerrillas, were taken
prisoners. Such is the report of the affair at present
current —I shall probably learn more of it before 1
close this letter.
Midshipman Rogers, about whose imprisonment no
much has been said, has taken the liberty of releasing .
himself—-in plain English, he has escaped from the
city of Mexico, and has arrived here in safety. He
was not on parole at the time, but at large in the capi
tal under a bond with a money penalty not to break
his bounds. Learning that the American officers were
to be removed to ToluM, and that there was no pro
bability of his being exchanged, he started off in the
night towards Chalco lake in about. Arriving there,
he started on horseback through the mountains with
a guide, and, as above stated, got through in safety.
He reports that Santa Anna has not so many men as
has been stated—that he has not more than 15,000
who are well armed and well organized. Perhaps he
did not know that Valencia had arrived with reinforce
ments from San Luis. Both Rogers and Lieutenant
Semmes, who was sent on by Com. Perry to attend
to his case, will goon to the capital whenever the ar
my moves, and take a pan in any game that may be
there played. In fact, the same may be said of all
who are with the army and not immediately connect
ed with it—there will be work for all of them, and
their greatest safety will be in the neighborhood of
balls, shells and kindred projectiles. In relation to
young Rogers, it is said he came off with the know
ledge and by permission of his surety.
We have a rumor this morning, and a startling one
to the effect that Santa Anna is moving upon the city
with his entire army and fifty pieces of cannon. The
news is too good to be true and no one credits it.
I believe 1 have already mentioned the death of
Lieut. Hill, of the 2d Dragoons, and that he was bu
. -i I . T\_ II tl . <
ried with military honors. Dr. W. H. H amuse, of
rhe South Carolina volunteers, died this morning.
Just before his death he embraced the Catholic reli
gion and received the absolution of the church. I
learn that a portion of his family in the United States
are of the same faith. The health of the army is
generally improving.
1 wish you could see the Jota Arragonese, as
danced here at the Spanish theatre by the Senoritas
Rupertaand Monoz and two masculines whose names
are not given in the bills. It is full of life, action and
castanets, and was loudly and warmly encored last
night. The women folks who take a part in the
dance labor under no particular restraint that can be
discovered, but throw themselves into attitudes that
would be deemed unseemly by a committee of prudes
in our own country. Here, however, the audience
was composed entirely of officers, and the more vo
luptuous the posttiresof the Jv. r urantes the more rap
turous the applause. e never see the Jitlero and
other Spanish dances given with proper effect in the
United States. Yours, Ac. G. w. K.
Puebla. Mexico, August 5, 1847.
Gen. Smith has returned with his brigade, and the
report is that Gen. Pierce is to sleep to-night at Atno
zoque and will arrive here to-morrow. The account
ofCapt. Ruffs adventure with the guerrillas at San
Juan de los Llanos is fully confirmed. No less than
43 of the enemy were killed, a great number were
wounded, ail their arms were destroyed, and their flag
brought off. The two padres who were taken prison
ers in the church, and who were supposed to have
some connection with the guerrillas, have since been
released by Gen. Smith.
The letter mail brought up by Gen. Pierce, with
dates from New Orleans to about the B’h July, has
come up —the mai i newspaper mail will arrive to
morrow. Many of the officers have told me that their
anxious mothers, wives and sisters have done little but
reprimand them for not writing to them oftener, they
would not blame them so much if they knew the ex
treme difficulty of getting letters down to the coast.
1 have already mentioned the successful esca|»e of
young Rogers from Mexico. Last night alamt ten
o’clock, Maj. Gaines came in passing safely through
the entire Mexican lines. It seems that on Monday
lust all the American officers were ordered to the head
quarters of Gen. Ixunbardini, and were there told that
thev must prepare, in twelve hours, to move to Tolu
ca. All of them, save Majors Gaines and Borland,
and Capt. Danley, gave their paroles that they would
proceed to that place ; but Maj. G. distinctly told
Lombardini that his parole was at an end, that he did
not ask for its renewal, nor should he accept it. On
Tuesday morning the officers, with three exceptions
above named, started in the stage for Toluca, and on
the same night Maj. Gaines, accompanied by a trusty
Mexican guide, set out for this place, and after being
once in the hands of the guerrillas, and running many
narrow risks, besides, succeeded in coming through in
safety. He informed L»tnbardini distinctly, through
the interpreter, a brother of Almonte, that he should
not give his parole for Toluca, and anticipated being
arrested and put under guard at once ; but not think
in®', probably, he would attempt to escape, be was al
lowed to depart. The sequel is known.
Maj. Gaines thinks that Santa Anna has about 10,-
000 tolerably well uniformed and drilled men, to
which number must be add*-d a rabble o irc-p
lined recruits, caught and picked »«p » 'try w >»'* *
firing little strength to the army. The main defence
of the'.Mexicans—that upon which they most rely i»
at the Penon, and at this point they hare plan ed Mine
ofth- irbe® cannon. Santa Anna hunaell is describe. I
as betas in a greater dilemma than ever, fhejeal
,usv and obstinacy of his enemies prevent his openly
as-. /wing himself in favor of peace, and he is shrewd
enough to know that the next battle must result against
him. Thus his own downfall U staring him in the
face turn which way he will, and he is now awaiting
some revolution of Fortune’s wheel to extricate him
self. His utter downfall would seem inevitable did
£ not his past history afford abundant evidences that ha
has risen above every species ofreverse, and so fruit
ful is he in expedients that he may still rise triumph
' andy from the whirlpool of diffi . .ties by which he is
' surrounded.
Since I commenced this k?*«feGen. Scott’s orders
f for the march of the army have been issued. The di
vision of Gen. Twiggs is to move on Saturday, the 7th
, instant, that of Gen. Quitmans on the Bth, General
Xtfyrth’s on the 9th, and Gen. Pillow’s on the 10th.—
In the meantime l Col. Childs remains in Pue la as
i military and civil governor, and Capt. De Hart as
lieutenant-governor, while an efficient garrison, in.ad
cition to the sick and those who are convalescing, will
be left behind. Gen* Scott himself will probably ac
company Gen. Quitman’s division, and the entire
army will concentrate at some point tins side of the
capital.
The order for a move has been received with re
joicing by all—by the heads of the commissary’s and
quartermaster’s departments in particular, for at the
capital it is almost certain that an abundance of money
can be obtained. No man in the United Suites could
believe for one moment the straits to which our army
has been driven for want ofcash, especially after read
ing the statements made in some of our papers. Here
in Puebla it is given as a fact past all gainsaying, that
since April last the commissary’s department alone has
sent to Washington for near 9300,000, with which to
meet current expenses, and of this amount not a cent
has been received. The exertions of Capts. Irwin
and Grayson, combined with those of Mr. Hargous,
have effected much, however, and through them a g
large depot of provisions has been got together here,
sufficient for the army for months.
Yours, &c., o. w. K.
Pvebla, Mexico, August 6,1847.
Gen. Pierce arrived this morning—his men, thongh
$ much jaded and travel-worn, making a most soldierly
appearance. The 9th regiment in particular—the New
England regiment commanded by Col. Ransom—at
t traded mucfi attention from the crowds assembled to
see the new levies enter.
® Notwithstanding all the stories told in the Mexican
a papers, it seems that Gen. Pierce has brought his com
mand through without losing a man, and with but
J three or four wounded. He was attacked several
- limes by guerrilla parties, yet by prompt measures
? succeeded in routing them on every occasion. A
• good story is told of Capt. Bodfish, who commands
one of the New England companies—a regular lum .
l berman and bridge-builder from “way down in the
State of Maine.” Arrived at Plan del Rio, what did
they find butthat the bridge had been destroyed; yet
Capt. B. had his Yankee ingenuity about him, and in
a few hours time the entire command was taken
1 safely over by means of a new road which he hitusef
cut. A Yankee will be a Yankee, transplant him as
you will.
The officers with Capt. Ruff, at the time he routed
the guerrillas at San Juan de los Llanos, were Lieut.
Walker, of his own company, and Lieut. Hawes,
with a company of the 2d Dragoons. The defeat was
complete.
We have a hundred conflicting rumors from the city
of Mexico. One is to the effect that Valencia is com
ing out with 12,000 men to attack us in front, while
Alvarez, with 5000 Pintos, makes a demonstration in
the rear; another report has it that Santa Anna has
disarmed 3000 of the Guardia Nacional, having dis
covered that they were hatching some plot against
him; while still another report would have it that &
regular revolution had broken out against the beneme
rito of his country, and that all was “confusion worse
confounded” at Mexico at last dates. Then, again,
we have it that Puebla is to be attacked immediately
after the army has left, the garrison put to the sword,
and the citizens severely mulcted and robbed for the
good treatment they have given the Yankees. For
any one of these rumors there is probably not the least
shadow of foundation; yet as the Mexicans feed them-
selves upon the hopes of what they should do, they
have given them circulation as facts, and very likely
one half of the community believe them. There can
lie little doubt of one thing—that Santa Anna is com
passed about with difficulties, and that although at
present he “rides upon the whirlwind and directs the
storm,” the obstinacy of Congress and the jealousy
and stubborness of such men as Valencia hedge him
in with a perfect wall of opposition. A long way the
-hrewdest and most far-seeing man amongs' them, he
may still be able to keep the upper hand and sustain
himself in such power as a broken down and fallen
Government may afford any one. There is no such
thing as foreseeing what such a man as Santa Anna
can do—look at what he has done since his terrible
defeat at Cerro Gordo for example. No one but he
would have dared show his face at the capital after
such a reverse; but with a miserable remnant of an
army he boldly entered the city, and since, with an
empty treasury and with Obstacles that seemed insur
mountable, he has collected and appointed a numer
ous force, inspired the hopes of a people In* has a thou
sand times deceived, and for the time being at least
rides rough shod over everything. What the next
fortnight might turn up it is impossible to foresee, and
in such a state of affairs it is idle to speculate.
< 'nnhury nil »»»p«*c»ntinn**, the train which came
up to-day did not bring any money, and hence the
poor providers for the absolute wants of the army are
worse off than ever. Ar high as fifteen per eent. has
been paid to-day for money to defray the expenses of
the short inarch from this to Mexico, and some of the
holders here are even chaffering for eighteen ! Such
are the straits to which our quartermasters and com
missaries, abandoned as they have been by the Go
vernment at home, are driven. Nor is clothing
brought, nor are any of the necessaries for the well
being of the army, to say nothing of the comfort, and
hence all has to be purchased at rates which amount
to ruinous extortion. I give you facts which every
man here knows—comments may suggest themselves.
I finish this letter in haste, and la’e at night. To
morrow morning Gen. Twiggs moves with his divi
sion, as I have already stated. Reports continue to
come in that large bodies of the enemy are moving in
ihe neighborhood, and just now wc hear that 800 to
1000 guerrilleros, who have been dogging General
Pierce, were seen this afternoon at El Pinal. The
coming fortnight will come to us burdened with news,
and whether it be of peace, or war to the knife, I
shall give you the intelligence as early as possible.
Yours, <fcc., g. w. K.
From the Columbus Enquirer.
The Charge.
Our opponents throughout the State have,
as the great trump in their present game, ven
tured the broad assertion that General Clinch
charged the government for the provisions
which be generously dealt out to the hungry
and wearied volunteers on their return from
the Florida-eampaign. Is this charge support
ed by the evidence which they themselves have
produced? What is that evidence ? Why,
that during the lime Gen. Call commanded the
forces of the government he could no when?
else find provision and forage fora Brigade of
Cavalry under hiscomruaud. and was compel
led to quarter them on the plantation of Gen.
Clinch, where some fifteen hundred or two
thousand horses of the army were fed for forty
or fifty days. For what the large number of
horses consumed during that period the old
hero charged the government, and Congress
paid him without a word. He was right to
make the charge, and the representatives of
the people performed hut an act of simple jus-
tice to a citizen of the country, in its payment.
But did General Clinch ever make a charge
against the country, or any of its patriotic vol
unteers, for the generous offering he made
them, in their distress, of a portion of what he
had ? Was it not a free-will and uncharged for
gift to the hungry, penni’ess, and exhausted
soldiers? Overhaul the records that are now
paraded before the country, and answer us.
We have seen several of the volunteers who
partook of the acceptable hospitality, and all
bear witness that no account was, on that oc
casion, either taken or requested to betaken,
by the giver. Everything was free. The sol
diers satisfied their wants, shook the old soldier
by the hand, and pursued their journey to
wards their homes. For this kind treatment to
the suffering volunteers General Clinch never
dreamed of demanding pay from the Govern
ment of the United States or any other source.
Thos. F. Marshall of Kentucky, whom the
democratic press of late years, has mucheulogiz
ed for his defection from the Whig ranks, re
cently made a speech at Louisville, Kentucky.
We copy from the Journal some account of it*
It will be seen that though a Polk candidate
for Congress two years ago, he is not now
much aof Polk man. The Journal says:
“He charged the functionaries at Wash
ington with crippling General Taylor, and
drew an appalling picture of the fearful con
sequences that would have ensued if the Gen
eral, crippled, had sustained a defeat at Buena
Vista, or even retreated before the hosts of
Santa Anna. He intimated, though he did not
directly assert it, that the object of tho<e func
tionaries in placing two Whig Generals. Tay
lor and Scott, in the field, giving one of them
authority to deprive the other of his forces, was
io create jealousies and heart-burnings between
them, and thus to introduce jealousies and
heart-burnings into the Whig party, even
though this result should be brought about
at a vast sacrifice of the lives of «ur brave
troops in Mexico, and the malediction which
he called down on the heads of tne Administra
tion upon Um supposition of its having been
governed in its action by so revolting a mohvc,
was one of the most terrific that ever fed from
human lips. The whole house rang with the
popular response. . ,
Mr. Marshall’* narrative of Ge neral Taylor s
1 achievements in Mexico was intensely inter
esting. and his eulogies on the old hero’s charac
ter mo.-t ardent and enthusiastic, calling forth
loud and frequent shouts ofapplause. Heavow
ed his undoubted conviction that General Tay
lor is to be the next President of the United
States, and probably there was not a solitary
individual in all the vast assembly w ithin the
sound of his voice but felt the same conviction.
1 have heard a good story of our old friend,
Charles Fox. When his house at this place
1 was on fire, h<. found all effort to save it useless,
and being a good draughtsman, he went up to
j the next hill to make a drawing of the fire ! the
t best instance of philosophy I ever heard of.—
P • Swtheg.