Newspaper Page Text
monster persisted, am! jtw* before lh } u '
pushed off, they turned and exclaiinei .
summon you, Ferdinand. K ,n £ ° *'* ' * .
appear in the presence of God, m o e •
from this time. - ’ And in one month from hit
day he was called, and did follow those he had
caused to be murdered, to the bar. °° d ;
where he had sent them, and they had cited
him to appear. . , r •
This was, to be "sure, at a period of time
when superstition was more prevalent than at
this, but can philosophy or even infidelity di
vest the inin dos impressions that the hand of
hod and his retributive justice, was to he seen
in the event.
Tlie Aztecs. .
We find in the New York True Sun the fol
lowing historical sketch of this race:
The Aztecs of whom xve have heard so much,
were a tribe living in the year 11(50, in Azllan,
a country situated to the North of the California
gulf. It was about this period they crossed
the Ilio Colorado, at a point, as we learn from
a work now before us. beyond UT> degrees
North latitude. They moved oil to the river
Gila and remained there some time, and the evi
dence of the fact is strengthened by the exis
tence ol extensive ruins on the hanks of the
river. Thus it appears the Aztecs in their mi
gration must have crossed the route now tra
velled between Banta Fe and Pueblo de Jo*
Angeles.
According to Humboldt, the Aztecs arrived
in Mexico about the year 1190. where they
had been preceded by the Chichimecs, Nalm
allacs, and Acolhuaiis, with whom they affiliated
and from whom sprung a people, retaining
their peculiarities, and finally exercising the
prerogatives of empire. Tlie Aztecs were very
peculiar in their social and political character.
They at first were ruled by an oligarchy consis
ting of twenty of their most distinguished men.
and this mode of government continued until
1352, when a king was chosen. Il is a curious
circumstance that the choice of the monarch
was made by the nobles from among the collat
eral relations and not the lineal descendants of
the deceased sovereign, hut none of them were
particularly distinguished until the first Monte
zuma added lustre to the empire, by It is con
quests. Ins wise legislation, and his public edifi
ces. The magnificent dyke which he construc
ted to prevent a recurrence of inundations, was
nine miles long and sixteen and a half feet wide.
Tti e great Pagan temple which stood on the I
site ol the present Cathedral, was also his work.
Tin* Montezuma who was emperor at the time
of the invasion of the Spaniards, was equally cel
ebrated. He was the last of his kingly race,
and having failed to expel the invaders, or re
tain tin* affection of his people, tore off the ban
dages from his wounds, and sought in death a
release from his sorrows and mortification.—
His nephew and son-in-law Giiatetuozin defen
ded hi* crown for three months, hut was over
come. and executed by his conqueror, the re
morseless Cortez.
The Aztecs were a martial race, and in a series
ol wars conquered territories containing 18,000
square leagues.
The jurisprudence of these people was sim
ple, Imt in criminal r ises their punishments
were severe. Treason, homicide, robbery of
gold or silver, theft in the market place, crimes
against nature, and violations of nuptial en
gagements were punished with death. It is a
singular tact that the Aztec law, considering
drunkenness the source of crime, usually hung
all those who wtrre guilty of intemperance be
fore a certain period of life. It’ the drunkard
was o! no le family, he was hung at once, and
his dead body was thrown into the lake. If the
offender belonged to the lower orders, he was
for the first alienee sold as a slave, and for the
second put to death. There was a curious ex
ception to this law in tin* case of those of either
sex who became intoxicated after the age of
seventy years. They were allowed entire im
punity for their drunkenness.
There were no lawyers among the Aztecs.
Ol that refinement of modern times they happi
ly were ignorant.
The lauds were divided between the king,
nobles, priests and people. The uohility, whose
iuHiieucc controlled the choice of a sovereign,
owned their share fully, freely and absolutely.
The king, priests and people were merely usu
fructuaries. There were lands held in common,
and cultivated m common, somewhat on the
plan of the 'I rihune, and the produce placed in
storehouses was distributed to the people accor
ding to their necessities. Nevertheless, there
was occasionally a famine in all the land. Sla
very existed with this peculiarity, that the chil
dren of slaves were always free.
Tile religion ol these people was a mixture of
sentiment and brutality. They worshipped an
immaterial Supreme Being. whom they called
Teotl. and believed in the existence of an F.vil
Spirit, with the unpronounceable name ofTla
cuteeololotl. They believed a dog had as much
ol a soul as a man, an.l both were immortal.—
They divided the future state into three exis
tences. with mansions of corresponding charac
ter. They also worshipped innumerable divin
ities, and had a numerous priesthood, who were
the instructors of youth, the painters, poets,
and astronomers of their country. O.e of the
most revolting of their religious rites was that
of the sacrifice of human beings. 'The worship
pers of their divinities often slew themselves
before the altars, and as many as *2O,IHH) victims
annually perished to propitiate their favor.
The remains of the Aztec architecture exhib
its a superior degree of excellence, and in the
construction of roads, bridges, and monuments,
they discovered skill and intelligence.
Their money consisted ofihe beans of the
cacaotmt. a bag of which was eipial to 8000
units, and a quit! full of gold ore. such as one
may now see in the bauds of the Carolina and
Georgia miners, represented 400.
The language wanted the sounds of the let
ters b. il, f. g and v. but it was copious, resent
hling the German in one particular, the facility
of compounding words even to the extent ofsix
teen syllables, and the Italian, in its use of di
minutives.
From tht Xnr \ork Journal of Commerce,
Practical Hints to llusines* Men*
Acqiisi ri\ k x ess.—Nothing is more common
in the mercantile experience of this country
thin for men to start m life poor, but overcom
ing all obstacles, to rise into huh credit and
atHiience. It is unhappily quite common also
for the same men, when arrived at tins eleva
tion. to put every thing at hazard in the hope
of more rapid gams, and missing their object,
to lose all. Strange that men should do so.
the spectators say, and yet if they ever reach
the same point of elevati n they will very like
ly pursue the same course. It is not very
strange perhaps in such a community as this
that it should be so. Our merchants are press
ed so severely with business that they have time
for little else. Their thoughts are engrossed
constant!* with business and its gains, and in
this way the desire of acquisition, which is im
planted in every hosoui for useful purposes. i<
nourished into a passion, and breaks away from
reason. For its improper action there is al
ways at hand a ready gratification. Besides, a
man who has by steady application obtained
property ami credit, gets to feel as it it would
alwaps be so with linn, lie comes to think
mo#* of his ow n sagacity and less of his steady
plodding than lie ought; and. having more cre
dit. and perhaps more money, than his present
business requires, spreads out his plans m a
disproportionate enlargement. Men so situa
ted do not really expect to be materially happier
or better for the large increase of wealth which
they strive for. It is the passion for acquisition
which urges them on. Some miv indeed hope
to set up a carriage and enter the fashionable
world, ami so become the slaves of postillions
and tin* bon ton. lint in general it is mcijuisi
tion which tills and controls the mind. In so
ber seriousness, men all know that thev want
but little here below, nor want that little long
Thev kuo v that such an amount of property
makes them c.i># in their atVairs, and leave*
them to labor steadily for the maintenance of
their families and the performance of other du
ties. is enough, and that more will but increase
care am! perplexity, without any compensating
enjoyment. If their thoughts are accustomed
to reach on to the end o! hie and beyond it.
and to cherish t e feeling that some heart-work
is to be done byway of preparation for the fu
ture. they eontess to themselves that more pro
perty would rather be a hindrance than a help
in that matter. \et they love to make motuij
One says. I wish I had live hundred thousand
What would you do with it? No
matter ; 1 should like to h ire it.
Most men belie* oth it the possession of so * n '
property i* very desirable as a means of ration
al enjoyment and usefulness Thev would
think that the tirst thou>and dollars v\ Inch a mail
should acquire would be worth more to him
than the next fnv thousand; and that all his ad
ditional gains sink proportionally in value.
Some would run along by this rule until they
would at no d stunt point pass by the summit of
increase, and count further gam nothing bn:
loss. It is. any how. a remarkable fact, staring
u< all in the face continually, that very rich uien
are seldom reputed happy; though others will
continue to think it they could gam the wealth
they would contrive to avoid the anxiety.
How shall business men protect themselves
from the danger w e are considering * Certain
ly. it is a great danger The danger evi
dent.y not to be avoidedbv simple reliance up
on one * own superior wisdom and prudence.
It is among those who have been longest at the
exercise ot prudence that the most conspicuous
examples of imprudence are to be found.
If we may be allowed to suggest remedies
tor »o great a danger, we would say that m the
tirst p-.i e« *< 1 1 boa ness man she . .ft *• th .;
he is i h Jungrr l hen he should cutlil i'e other
- - | .
will cultix ate itself Tnen he'bon'd *et bounds
to hi'desires from the outset f his acquisitions
Not fixing
which he will not accumulate but so Ktr .it
lea*l as uot to allow toe fact that he has reached
the point to winch lie first aimed to be merely
a new starting point for new plans much trg, r
thau the tirst Then dwell much upon th* n
csnmahle value of peace of uiidJ Trunk how
dearly millions are earned at the expense of
anxious d.ivs and nights. Think bow
short life '; too short for its days to he eaten
out by use-ess distress Put at practice the
adage ‘keep what you’ve got." and only act
upon the other part of it, “get what you can”
in away consistent with the first. Give away
money freely if you are prosperous. This may
not cure the passion of acquisitiveness, but it
will counteract and tame it, and if done in true
benevolence will bj a source of more true hap
piness than wealth can buy in anv other way.
Consider that in truth the surest way of ar
riving at great wealth is never to he in a hurry.
Set it down as a fixed principle that you will
nerer depart from your regular business unless
it be by the mere use of surplus funds. Study
tlie hook of the Proverbs of Solomon until
your mind is full of those old truths; truths
which live in constant youth and beauty,
though thev be six thousand years old. Go ful
ly into the considerations drawn from morality
and religion, and you may find more powerful
motive than any we have presented.
WEEKLY
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
J. \V. Jones, Editor. \ -J. M. Smvthe, Associate.
TERMS:
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
DAILY, TRI WEEKLY & WEEKLY.
OJfice in Railroad Rank EuiUlings.
DAILY PAPER, per annum SlO 00
TRI WEEKLY " " 50°
WEEKLY PAPER " 2 00
AUGUSTA, GA:
WEDNESDAY MOltN’G, OCT. 6, 1*47.
Tlie Election*
U'k subjoin tlie result as far as heard from,
which induces the impression that Towns has
been elected Governor, and tliat the Whigs
have carried both branches of the Legislature.
1*47. 1845.
CrmC/i. Towns. Crawford. McAl’tr
Bibb 596 667 651 724
Baldwin 317 315 315 2 OS
Burke 590 370 549 332
Columbia 489 282 522 277
Clarke Gls 437 538 398
Chatham 776 592 700 715
Cherokee 580 952 533 740
Cobb 713 978 637 835
Dekalb•. 759 990 577 762
Fayette 230 maj. 428 651
Gwinnett 74'2 694 757 680
Greene 796 131 796 115
Henry 50 maj. 884 815
Monroe 686 665 733 644
Newton 913 442 896 471
Oglethorpe 490 152 576 172
Pike 109 maj. 642 783
Richmond 679 488 747 474
Taliaferro 36‘2 67 412 54
Twiggs 144 maj. 324 403
Upson 242 maj. 646 385
NValton 526 ' 721 505 744
Wilkes 421 345 439 354
Warren 575 325 607 372
Senators.
Chatham - Snider, Whig gain.
Columbia ami Kirlimoml Miller.
Dekalb and Gwinnett - Simmons.
W irren and Taliafferu —Darden.
Wilkes and Lincoln Moore.
Oj»lei|iorpe end Madison- Willingham.
Green and Morgan—Reese.
Newt n and Walton -Williamson, Whig gain,
Clark ami Jackson Clayton, Whig gain,
< ’lierokee and Conb— Hunt.
Mcmrbrs of tiii: Leisisi atfre.
Warren—Anderson and Bacon.
Wilkes ---Anderson and Gartrell.
Oglethorpe—Smith and Glenn.
Green—Sanford and Ward.
Walton — J<ir son and Kilgore.
Cherokee— Hie. Id and Williamson.
Newton-- Reynolds Pace,
< 'hatlnm—Barton and < Mark, (2. Whig gain.)
Clarke—Harris and Jackson.
Il ildwin—Harris.
Cobb Maloney and M' t'onnell.
Morgan Harris.
Bibb— Nisbct and Atkinson, Whig gain.
Monroe —Battle and Finkhurd, Whig loss.
Lincoln—Neal.
< 'oluoi'.ia Fleming and Shockley.
Taliaferro—J. W. Harris.
Demo-.*rats in Italic.
t )i;k readers will bear with us for the scauti
ness of our editorial for a few days. Wo
doubt not. that they, as well as ourselves, are
willing to breathe a little, after the long contin
ued party warfare which has been going on
atul has just terminated. We shall know in a
few days how “we apples swim” or sink. If
we are heat, we shall console ourselves with
the reflection that we have done our duty, and
that our principles deserved to he in the as
cendant. Besides ’tis a folly to fret. That
never afforded comfort to any, but the reverse
rather. We hope, he the result as it may. tha
the Stale will prosper and the policy which has
blessed it for a few years, will continue to bless
it. We trust, that in the absence of a present
strife for power, good feelings will prevail, and
all, with one heart ami accord, will exert the
sinews of political opposition and contest in
favor of the general good.
The political sky will be comparatively clear,
for a time, of the clouds and storms of party
politics. An occasional gun will tell that the
fire of its spirit has not gone out. though i's
flames and fury he no longer before us. All
will he pleased at this, especially as they will
remember that a Presidential tempest is ahead
that will roll its threatening power over the en
tire Republic.
Let us then make the most of tlie quiet inter
val and garner up our strength for that boister
ous period. The signs of the times portend
a struggle then that will arouse tlie dormant
energies of opposing powers.
Oil* Hook Tahir.
\Vk have reeeived from the publisher, by the
hand of Mr. (■kk'ivii. i. e. acopvof "The liar
of Independence: a History of the Anglo
Americans from tin* period of the union of the
Colonies against file French, to the Inaugura
tion of \V ton. the first President of the
I nited States of America ’* — by BkvsonJ. Los
sis«. The work is illustrated l>v numerous en
gravings of plans of battles, prominent events,
interesting localities, and portraits of distin
guished men of the period.
This part of the work is handsomely execu
ted. and v\ e would mention among other things,
the group of portraits of Washington. Jefferson,
tieorge the Third. Pitt. Franklin. Henry. Wolfe.
\dams, Harre. North. Hancock. Burke, .Mont
gomery. Cornwallis, l.ee. Burgoyne. Hates,
tireen. Lafayette. Wayne. Andre. Arnold. Mor
gan. Sumpter, and a number of others.
The portraits are forty-five in 1 umber, the
plans of battles sixteen, and the entire illustra
tion's seventy-eight.
From the brief examination which we have
given this work, it is a faithful record of the
events of the times described, arranged with
perspicuity, and written in a graphic and elo
quent style. The appendix contains a variety
of interesting State documents, such as the
Stamp Acts. Declaration of Rights. Memorials
to Parliament. Addresses of the First and Se
cond Congress. Articles of Confederation. Con
stitution of the Cnited States. Washington's
Speech to his officers, his Farewell orders to
the Army, Ac., Ac. The work is a very valu
able one. containing .”>lO pages, and can be
found with Mr. Gkewiii.k for sale.
We have also received from the same pub
lisher. a copy of the "Statesman's Manual."
two heavy octavo volumes, containing in full
a, l the President's Messages, besides other mat
ter deeply interesting to statesmen. They can
be had of Ov*h %m A Bleaklex.
1 he Official list of Interments in the City ot
New Orleans from 9. \ M .of Tuesday, the
September, to Wednesday, the :39th a:
the same hour, shows *2l in all, of which S were
Yellow Fever.
The steamship Britannia. Capt. Harrison,
left Boston Friday at forty minutes after I*2
o'clock, for Liverpool. She had a sufficient
number of passengers, seventy for Liverpool
and sixteen for Halifax—as many as cau be
made xom for table on board
10SI Bvsnici sor Corn to the Acre !
The Athens Banner ot the odth ult. says: • \\ e
are informed upon indisputable authority that
Mr John F Phimzy. of this county, gathered
from a measured acre of ground on his p an
tation upon Cedar creek, ft ur miles from i bis
place, one hundred and three and a half
bushels of in.i-au Corn' l; was bottom la id
and a few tin products e wet spots i it—but for
which it is though* the crop would have reach
!ed 11“ bushels- Beat this m Georgia who
i can
\ l v v i*?• tc i Business — 3 net Mon
morning last 14ih inst.. the Otli'e has
N-**n crowded at all hours of the day. The re
ceipts of the past week we have heard estima
ted at over 0 and vet it seen sas if
there is to be no cessation of the entering of
\ land* Os course it is a rich harvest for the
i Register and Receiver Grtjen Jkif Bey
BATTLES OF CONTRERAS AND ( HI
RIBUSCO.
Gen* Shields Report.
HeadQcarters, Ist Brigade, /
St. Augustine, Mexico, Aug. 24th, 1847. $
Sjr .—() n the 19th inst., about 3 o’clock in the af
ternoon, pursuant to the orders of the general com
manding this division, I marched from this place with
the New York and South Carolina regiments of vo
lunteers toward the battle field of Contreras. On re
porting to the commander-in*chief, who occupied on
inv arrival a position which overlooked the field, he
described to me ir* a few words the position of the
contending forces, pointed out the route of my com
mand, and briefly instructed me as to the dispositions
which would render my force the most serviceable.
Directing my inarch iijmjii the village near Contreras,
the troops had to passover ground covered with rocks
and crags, and filled with chasms which rendered
tlie route almost impassable.
A deep ravine, along the bed of weich rolled a rapid
stream, was passed after derk with great difficulty
and exertion ; and to rest the wearied troops after
crossing, I directed them to lie upon their arms until
midnight, and while occupying this position twostrong
pickets, thrown out by my orders, discovered and
fired upon and drove back a body of Mexican infant
ry, moving through the fields in the direction from
their position toward the city. 1 have since learned
that an attempt had, in like manner, been made by
the enemy to pass the position on the main road, oc
cupied by the first regiment of artillery, and with a
like* want of success, thus being foiled in his first ef
fort to retire during the night. About midnight 1
again resumed the inarch and joined Brigadier Gen.
Smith iu the village already alluded to.
Gen. Smith previous to my arrival had made the
most judicious arrangements for turning and surprising
the Mexican position about daybreak, and with which
I could not wish to interfere. This cast upon my
command the necessity of holding the position evacu
ated l»y Gen. S., which was threatened by the ene
my’s artillery and infantry on the right and a large
force of his cavalry on the left.
About daybreak the enemy o|»enc*d a brisk fire of
grape and round shot upon the church and village iu
which my brigade was posted, and also, upon a part
of our own troops displayed to divert him on his right
and front, evidently unaware of the movement in pro
gress to turn his position by the left and rear. This
continued until Col. Riley’s brigade opened its fire
from the rear, which was delivered with such terrible
effect that the whole Mexican force was thrown into
the utmost consternation. At this juncture I ordered
tin* regiments of my command to throw themselves
on the main road, by which the enemy must retire, to
intercept and cutoffhis retreat, and although officers
and men had suffered severely during the march of
the night, and from exposure without shelter or cover
to the incessant rain until daybreak, this movement
was executed in good order and with rapidity.
The Palmetto regiment crossing a deep ravine de
ployed on both sides the road, and opened a most de
structive fire upon the mingled masses of the infantry
and cavalry, and the New York regiment, brought in
lower down and on the road side, delivered its fire with
like effect. At this point many of the enemy were
killed and wounded, and some 365 captured, of which
25 were officers, and among the latter was General
Nicholas Mendoza.
In the mean lime the enemy’s cavalry, about 3000
strong, which had been threatening our position du
ring the morning, moved down toward us in good or
der as if to attack. 1 immediately’ called the* infantry
to place in position to meet the threatening movement,
but soon the cavalry’ changed its direction, and retir
ed toward the capital. 1 now received the order from
General Twiggs to advance by the main road toward
Mexico, and having posted Capt. Marshall’s company,
South Carolina volunteers, and Capt. Tavlor’scompa
nv, New York volunteers, in charge of the prisoners
anil wounded, I moved off with the remainder of my
fore**, and joined the |s»itions of the 2d and 3d divis
ions already on route fbr the main road. On this
march we were joined by the general-in-chief, who
assumed the command of tin* whole; and the march
continued uninterrupted until we arrived before Cheru-
Here the enemy was found strongly fortified and
posted with his main force, probably mar 25,000. —-
The engagement was commenced by the 2d division
under Twiggs, soon joined by the first under Worth,
and was becoming general, when 1 was directed by
the commander-in-chief with my two regiments, and
Pierce’s brigade, tlie 9tli, 12th, and 15th, with the
mounted howitzer battery, to gain a |x>sitioii, if pos
sible, toattack tin* enemy’s rear and intercept his re
treat.
Leaving Loonc.o, bya’left hand road, and moving
about a mile upon it, I moved thence with m v com
mand toward the right through a heavy cornfield, and
gaim-d an open but swampy field, in which is situated
tlie hacienda de las portales ; on the edge of this field,
beyond the hacienda. I discovered the road by which
the enemy must retire from Clierubusco, and found
his reserve of about 4,000 infantry ococupied if. just
in the rear of the town.
As my command arrived 1 established the right up
on a |H»iut recommended by (-apt. Lee, engineer offi
cer, in whose skill and management I had the utmost
confidence, and commenced a movement to the left, to
flank the enemy on his right and throw my troops be
tween them and the city. But finding his light sup
ported by a heavy body of cavalry of some 3,000
strong, seeing that with his infantry he answered to
my movement by a corres|*onding one toward his
light flank, gaining ground faster than I could, owing
to the heavy mud swamp through which I had tooper
ate, I withdrew the men to the cover of the hacienda,
determined toattack him upon his front.
1 selected tie- Palmetto regiment as the base of m v
line, and this gallant regiment moved forward firmly
and rapidly fire of musketry as terrible, per
haps, as any whi h soldiers ever laced. The New
York, 12th and 15th deployed gallantly on the right,
and the 9th «»n the left, and the whole advance open
ing their fire as they came up, and moving steadily
forward, the enemy began to waver, and when my
order to charge was given, the men rushed tq>on and
scattered his broken ranks.
As we reached tin* road, the advance of Worth’s
command appeared driving the enemy from the strong
hold of <Mierubusco. 1 ti*»k command of the front
and continued in pursuit until passed by Harney with
his cavalry, who followed the routed foe to the very
gates of the city.
In this terrible battle, iu which a strongly fortified
enemv fought behind his works, under the walls of
his capital, our loss is necessarily severe; the loss, I
regret to sav, has fallen most severely upon my com
mand. In the two regiments of my own brigade,
numbering about six hundred in the fight, the loss is
reported 240 in killed and wounded. Pierce’s brigade,
under mv command in this action, hist a considerable
number iu killed and wounded ; among tie’ hitter w a
the gallant Col Morgan, of the !sth. His command
having rejoined its division immediately after the ac
tion 1 have as yet received no official re|>ort of its loss.
V particular and detailed report of the loss, as also of
the prisoners captured by this command, accompanies
this report.
In this last engagement my command captured 390
prisoners, including 60 officers ; of this number 42 had
deserted from the American army during the war,
and at their head was found the notorious O’Reilly,
who hid fought against the troops at Monterey and
* I'#*where In closing this report I beg leave toof
ler m v thanks to the many gallant officers of my com
mand tor th-ir gallant and fearless support during the
conflict. l > (*••!. Burnett and the Lieut, t *«»1. ot the
V w 5 ik v. lunteers. to Lieut. <’*4. Dickinson and
Major Gladden of the South Carolina v •lunteers, as
also many of their gallant subordinates, every praise
is line.
Col. Burnett was severely wounded at the head of
his regiment, and Lieut. Coi. Dickinson also severely
wounded w hile in tie* command of his regiment, and
hearing gallantly forward the colors of his corps. Mv
thanks are due tin* medical staff of the co mnands,
lb - Ha and M’K New \
incut, anil Drs. Clark and Bl ind of the South Caro
lina regiment, as also to Dr. Swift, l . S. A . for their
attention to the wounded.
It affords me pleasure, (and I but perform my du
ty too) in acknowledging iny great obligation to
Captain R. K. Lee, ns also to m\ particular staff,
i 'apt. F. N. Page, \ \.G.. Ln'W 11 P. Hammond,
3,1 artillery, A. D. C., am Lieut. T. Davis, of Illinois,
acting as aid, for their gallant services and fearless ex
jxisure in encouraging the troop; and conveying my
orders during the different engagements. Lieut.
Bone, commanding howitzer battery. des» rves great
,-redit for the handsome manner in which he brought
his guns into action, and continued to serve them.
I beg respectfully, through the general of division,
to ask'ofthese gentlemen the favorable notice of the
commander-in-chief, and to recommend them to the
President. Lieutenant Shubrick of the navy, who
accompanied me. attached him<ell to the Palmetto
regiment of his native State, and fought in tsrank
is sitokcti of handsomely in the reports of its com-
\\
commendation upon the living, I turn with feelings of
sorrow, though with pride, to recollect the gallant
dead Lieuts. Vdarns and Williams of the S. C.
regiments and Lieut. Chandler, of the V V. regi
ment, are of these gallant dead. By yi« Ming their lives
to achieve this glorious victory, they have won the
soldier's fame with a soldier's deatli.
The nol*le an 1 a illant «‘ >1 nel if the S th <
nn regiment had risen from his sick bed ?•> share
hardships of the field, and the dangers of the combat,
wnh his devoted regiment; he survived the conflict
of the morning to lead his command; victory u-rain
awaited ii ; although wounded himself and having
his horse shot from under him. he still continued to
press onward near the colors of his regiment, until the
fatal ball terminated his life.
The gal lent soldier in his youth has won, in his
death upon the field of battle, fame for himself and his
regiment, and added another name to the roll of Ca
rolina's departed heroes.
S J b SHIELDS,
Brigadier General Commanding
First Brigade, Volunteer Piv ision.
Col. DickiusoiG Report.
Head Qv-asters S. C. Kr V 0 _. n rgk-. }
S Vugustine, Aug. *2 1347 S
General: —K.»rly on the morning of 20th inst.. C l.
Butler, in pursuance ol your orders, marche ! his c
■ ' 1
M s
retreating Jr nn the field ot C. ontreras to the city ol
Mexico. Owing to the thick patches of tnaguev and
a rugged ravine, he could nt»t reach his {MSttion ui.t.l
several hundreds of the enemy had passed. As the
regiment emerged from the ravine mt > the tiesd. ex
tending to the road, [which field was flanked a •.■ur
ngh: fiv a stone wall, t xtending to the road a .1 en
c using* a scovered larg
. . . the rood before •> ; and although they per
cciv-.'d us at the same tu:ie w they were una.’-le to es
fa.,v [vv.'.' l ear reach until every gun m the battalion
had been :-roughl to bear ujwm them ; most, however,
had broken into an open field opposite. winch only
the more exposed tlieni to our fire. n»rough this
in full in s»k« 1 rr _• < »r p wit on, mingled
tmoM of their cavalry an i infantry continued to
pass.
-- ■ -
lag in . v >f . .vde. under cover of the wall, al
remdv m-’iv.i-'reti —and t:«*t a large i-ody was advan
cing tVo.ii the ore bank i*n o.ir right flank and rear.
Col Bv.br .mined;a -*iv changed l r it to : e r g
N ...
their positions, as thev advanced from c »ver. under his
• -
1 Buck giving il ers
•*;nv were *ur-'. gh th- field. :u ourfrivnr. let a
few files to guard our rear —formed again on the road,
and maintained a steady are upon the enemy, who
Lng
• M xicansr.u rvaie forward and surrendered them
selves to Cot. B-.v.er. who. io g oth r bodies still
coming, remarked upon the road with three C‘x.ipa-
a tea, white the r*-< otthe reg- 'ient. in pursuance oi ?.a
order from the general, retired beyond the ravine ;
oppose a very large body of cava!ry. • |«<eanog a .r
rear.
Os« . »d twenty-seven <127
w- re killed ani w unded. and two h aidred and sev
enteen (217) taken pr*os-er*. Auwog the »a::er were
ill*- followin'/ officers of rank, to wit : —One general
officer, two stall'officers, two colonels, three lient. co
lonels, four commandants, three captains, anil four lien
tenants. Our own loss in the action, from the ran
dom fire of the enemy, was one sergeant severely
wounded, and one private slightly.
Capt. Marshall with his company (E) was left as a
guard over the prisoners, who were placed in a church,
and the regiment soon after took up its line of march
on the road to Mexico. About noon the legiment was
ordered to make a detour to the left, and strike upon
the same road a short distance beyond the enemy’s
works at Cheraposa, to cut off their retreat, as it was
re|>orted that the works had been carried by our troops.
On arriving on the field after the subsequent action,
we found that the New York regiment, in consequence
of numbers of horsemen and a small corps of the how
itzer battery having intruded themselves betwixt us,
were some three hundred yards in advance of us, and
tli*.* ninth infantry, attached for the time being to our
brigade, nearly the same distance in our rear; at the
proper point we proceeded to form the line of battle,
and as soon as the two right flank companies were in
line, we were ordered to advance —despatch in reach -
ing the road to cut off retreat being considered of more
importance than a regular advance.
Before, however, one half of the companies were in
line, we found the New Yolk regiment retiringander
cover of the hacienda, to our right, and as soon as our
line was unmasked by this regiment, we found our
selves exposed to a heavy fire from the road, which
appeared to be densely filled with Mexican troops, as
also the hacienda to the left of the field we occupied,
and immediately on the road. As we had hastened,
for the reason stated, very imperfect order in our line
of battle was obtained ; and as that appeared now in
dispensable, we were ordered to march by the right
flunk, as we reached the left flank of the New York
regiment.
As the hacienda did not possess sufficient breadth to
protect the flanks in forming the line of battle in its rear,
the battalion was ordered to form by companies, and
to marrh in column to the left, in advance of the haci
enda, and a little to its left, upon which the general in
person had placed himself; there they were ordered to
deploy upon the color company. The companies of
the left wing formed in regular order, hut some compa
nies of the right wing were thrown into confused mass
es by the obtrusion of miscellaneous troops, belonging
to different arms of the service ; this was mostly rem
edied, and the advance was ordered. The line con
tinued to advance, under a heavy fire, some 30 paces
in rear of the general, about 130 yards, when they
were halted.
The general had cautioned the men not to open their
fire until he gave the orders; but directly they halted,
tfie general Took his position in line of battle, and at
this time the squad of mixe i troops 11 j»on our extreme
right, already mentioned, commenced firing, and the
battalion, supposing the orders given, opened its fire.
It was understood by the field officers to have been tlie
general’s intention to make our battalion the base of
formation of the others attached to his brigade, and that
as soon as the whole were in line, they were to ad
vance within either easy musket range of the road, or
to charge as he should deem best. As the firing bail
already commenced, and did not interfere with the
formation of the other battalion, it was permitted to con
tinue. As soon, however, as one or two companies of
the New York regiment appeared marching up to our
right, the order was given to charge, and the battalion
was gallantly led forward by Major (Madden, then in
command of the regiment.
The colonel had been killed directly after our fire
bad been opened, and the lieut. col. severely wounded
a lew minutes before the charge. Our line of battle
numbered, before the commencement, 3 field officers,
2 stall"officers, 7 captains, 24 lieutenants, 22 sergeants,
273 rank ami file; after the battle, the number who
were unwounded for duty was 1 field officer, (major,)
3 captains, IS lieutenants, 12 sergeants, 169 rank and
file. The total of our loss in the engagement in killed
and wounded was 136. The major informed me that
upon reaching the position of the enemy, he found that
they had abandoned it, and were in full retreat for the
city ; several companies were in pursuit, and the oth
ers formed as a reserve, in the road. The whole were
shortly ordered to advance, by the general, but in
consequence of the large number of killed and woun
ded reported to him, the battalion was soon ordered
back to the hacienda, now converted into a hospital.
The three companies sent in pursuit were overtaken
by a piece of artillery, which they supported nearly
to the suburbs of the city, until they were recalled.
Capt. Marshall, who rejoined the regiment with his
command at this plate, reports to me that soon after
the battalion had left the church where the prisoners
were placed under his charge, finding himself desti
tute of provisions, he sent a detachment of'his company
to forage for fruit and green corn ; this detachment sur
prised a party of Mexican soldiers engaged in the same
pursuit. They kdled one and captured 43, whom
they brought hack and delivered to their captain.—
This makes the total number taken at that place, 260,
which, with 127 killed and wounded, makes a total of
387.
I should be unjust to the officers of the regiment and
to my own feelings, wore I to close this report without
acknowledging the gallant manner hi which all the
grades efofficers performed their duty, and sustained
the honor of their flag. Until the engagement of tin
evening, our regiment had been iu no very dangerous
|K>sitinii, and the troops in that regard were raw and
inexperienced ; upon that occasion each officer had to
lead his command, and their number in killed and
wounded shows how faithfully they met the necessity.
Our noble and unfortunate commander had his horse
shot under him, at the head es his command, iu the
first of the engagement; a short time after he receiv
ed a wound iu the leg, and yielded the command to bis
next in rank.
Finding, however, that the wound, although serious,
had not broken his leg, he accompanied the regiment
in its subsequent advance upon the field. Her? lie had
scarcely taken his position in the line of battle near the
colors when he received a wound on the left side of
his head, which instantane msly terminated his life. —
As you wit net s# y >ui self his gallant bearing, I w .11
only mid that he was not only a brave officer, but a
guardian father to his regiment.
1 have already stated that the occasion r*-<piired of
every officer a fearless example to his command, and
that it was fully met by all. A few instances of gal
lantry, falling accidentally under my immediate no
tice, 1 will mention; not as making invidious dis
tions, but as conduct characteristic of the whole corps
of officers. Major (Madden attracted iny attention
by his usual regard for regularity—disorder, however
partial, seemed to give him concern. He was al
ways at his post and duty. Captains Sumter and
Dunovant, of the flank companies, exhibited that
promptness and order so necessary on the flank ; ne
ver once did I see either corps in broken order. *>r be
bind its time, upon the line or in the advance; the
first lost its flower in the fight, and ended the engage
ment without enough to bury its dead and bear its
wounded to the hospital.
In the deployment upon the color company, (Capt.
Walker's) that and (’apt. Desausure’s, which formed
the first upon it, were nearly annihilated ; the first,
after the line was formed, having but four men left,
amt the other, (the largest company in the regiment,)
having but twenty-four. 1 was near (.’apt. DeSau
sure, and saw bis clothing literally liddled with bul
lets. lie stood on the right and front during all the
firing, exhibiting such ci*ol courage that not one of his
men wavered, though the foot of each was bathed in
the blood of his next comrade. <’apt. Win. Hlaiuling
of company F., and Lieut. William C. Moragne,
commanding company D., bore their companies’ flag
on tin* right flanks of their companies during the hea
viest of the fire; the latter received his from the liv
ing hands of his gallant subaltern, Lieut. D. L.
Adams, who fell with it in his hands; and the former
from his color sergeant, (Hicks,) who also tell wound
ed.
Capt. Moflatf, of company 0.. received a severe
wound iu the leg, but remained on duty till a rapid
advance left him behind. Ls. J. K. Clark, command
ing compinv G., was attracting my attention by giv
ing orders in his usual quiet and temperate manner,
when he received what 1 fear will prove a mortal
wound. Capt. J. P. HI Hiding, of the staff, being un
mounted. and the commend small, attached himself t >
the company to which lie originally belonged, ami was
wounded while sharing his fortune in the honor anti
danger of the fight. Adjutant James Centev, in the
latter part of the action, was severely wounded in the
face, while extending the orders of the commander of
the regiment.
Lieut. Shu * stall lai loel
bis horse, attached himself to company F... where he
■.lid duty throughout the engagement. The field and
Mart*officers being all dismounted, Capt. Hammond of
the brigade staff, at my request, communicated the
orders of the generals directly to the captains of com
panies. whenever the noise of the engagement prevent
'd them being heard. I beg leave to acknowledge
mv obligations to him, and my admiration for his very
gallant bearing during the engagement.
Verv nspeclfuilv vours,
J. V.' DICKINSON,
Lion*. Col. ComM.'' S. R*'jjmer»t.
To Brig. Gen. Shields, Com’dg Brig. Vol. Ihv.
From the Baltimore American.
Vnite«l State* and Pern.
\Ve have had translated lor the American
the follow iug correspondence, which we find
in the Co/nmcrcio of Lima, of the Tth August:
DePARI MUST OF >" A1 E.
Washington.. 2*2d March, 1f47.
The Secretary of State of the United States has the
honor to acknowledge the receipt of the communica
tion of His Excellency, the Minister of Foreign Rela
ti.nts i's Peru, under date of 11th April last, ask mg the
withdrawal of Mr. Albert Gallatin Jewett, Charge
s Affairs I States
Government. The undersigned, by command ot the
President, hesitated • comply promptly with this!
request, in the hope that the relations of Mr. Jewett
with the Peruvian G v.*ramcn r would assume a more
favorable aspect, and that your Excellency would not
insist uiHin its withdrawal.
\ S < ‘ this
citv. having reiterated the demand : the Peruvian
Government, the President at once resolved to with
draw Mr . Jewett. Consequently lie has named as
hiss i cessor Mr. John Randolph Clay. Acting Secre
-1 1 • it >' P U
In’accordance with this demand, the President has
given a new manifestation -fhis desire to cultivate t : e
«K«st amicable relations with the Government of Pe
ru.
The undersigned desires to cal! the attention of your
Excellence, not only respectfully, but earnestly, to
another object of great importance. The Govern-
Un States has v to t
Pei has s led t t modification of th-
Convent; on of March, I^4l. for the annual pay
ment :• *3O 000, which, according to the agreement,
**. _.:i 'n the Ist January. l>4d. instead of the Ist
January, There arc n os due two payments,
terest on each t: an the l-t January, 1842-
rhe claimants, having waited f r a long time, are
anxious t<* receive their money, and the President is
exceed.':j:y io>:r -:> : punc# .ality on the part of
P« With this laser thorit
'I v:- Eiw?.: . M'Caii ow Cc Navy Age-.'s
the l . S. in I
due in vir e ,>f the treaty, and to receipt fur the same.
Enclosed is a copy of that authority tor your own
sa’isfact. The money thus received by McC .!!
. ■. - the Ei
g our N
It is believed that this arrangement cannot foil of
Peruvian Gov« nent.
l . S. s ■ .
v • as, to ti satisfaction of
M --7'. McCall di C stributed
IT.l T . S. 1 prompt arten
■ th< Pi r . u v» i err • it this .- es w
■_*e ust y appreciated by the President.
I avail myself of this occasion to otfer to y ir Ei
cellency the assurance of my most distinguished
JAMES Bl'c'H vN AN
To His Excell the Minister f F gn R
for Peru. ’
Lin v. June 10. 1547.
The Government of Peru acknowledges with much
satssfikct the gratifying comm unicat ioa ts his Ex-
Um ttij of SttU of C S .- ei
date of 22d March, advising this government of the
withdrawal of Mr. Albert Gallatin Jewett, Charge
lies Affaires of the U. S. This movement is highly
honorable to the United States Government, and will
be duly appreciated and reciprocated by that of Peru.
As the undersigned lias full confidence in the justice
which influences this Government, he does not doubt
that satisfactory results will follow the demand for the
withdrawal of Mr. Jewett; which demand ought not
to be considered as an act of evil intention or any wish
to interrupt the amicable relations of both Govern
ments. Since your Excellency has called iny atten
tion to the fulfilment of the treaty cf March, 1841, I
desire to stale in reply to this cull, that on the 9th of
March, Senor Osina, Minister of Peru to the U. S.,
was directed to inform your Excellency that the first
instalment has been paid to and received by Mr. Jew
ett. The interest will follow promptly.
As the ratification of the treaty aforesaid did not
take place until the 31st of October, 1846, for causes
not under the control of the Peruvian Government, it
is believed that the amount paid, and the interest,
which will be promptly met, fulfils the stipulated ob
ligation ; and that until the Ist of January, 1848, the
second instalment will not be due. I hope that your
Excellency will agree with the interpretation which
the Peruvian Government gives to this contract; but
if the Governmenf of the L.S. does not accord there
with, then the Government of Peru will make every
effort to pay over to Messrs. McCall & Co. the second
instalment and interest, in order that it may be ex
pended here for the use of the Navy of the U. S., as
your Excellency says shall be done. The events
which have arisen out of the disturbances occasioned,
first by Gen. Flores, and then by General Bolivian in
his invasion of the Peruvian Territory, has placed the
Government in much pecuniary difficulty. The Con
sul General of England, knowing that the first in
stalment was paid to Mr. Jewett, has exacted the
prompt payment to English creditors of about §240,-
000. This circumstance has embarrassed the reven
ues of Peru. Nevertheless, the President of this Re
public has determined to fulfil strictly its obligations
and agreements with the U. S., in which determina
tion entire confidence may be placed.
1 have the honor to subscribe myself,
your Excellency’s obedient servant,
Jose G. Paz Soi.dan.
To his Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs of
the United States.
[A note appended to the foregoing save: —“Mr.
Jewett sailed for Europe on the 22d of July, and the
second annual payment and the interest have already
been paid.”]
Three Antedates of the Pope.
The Holy Father, who has not at his com
mand all the treasuries of Chriseudom, to fill,
as he desires, the hands of the supplicants who
come to him. at least knows how to bestow his
alms iu the right place. One day one of those
characters whom the artists at Rome call llo
manches, presented himself to Pius IX. declar
ing that he was overwhelmed with misfortunes,
his wife was dying and his children without
bread. The Pope looked at him and replied
that honest misery would not wear so red a
nose or so shining a face, and that some trick
was perhaps lurking under it. But to the
doubts of His Holiness, the fellow replied that
his grandfather was paralytic and the grandfa
ther of'his wife was stone-blind. With all his
family ill upon his hands, his case was pitiful.
A hundred piastres, lie said, would he enough
to help him out of the difficulty. The Pope
borrowed the money of his treasurer, and gave
it to him.
But a doubt took possession of the donor.—
•• Have I bestowed my charity to good pur
poses ?” He wished to know what to think of
it. He put on the dress of a simple priest and
walked beyond the suburb of the Transteverins,
whither the Romanche had been watched. He
stopped before a certain house from which is
sued shouts and the joyous ringing of the glass
es. He entered, and recognized his man in
good company, leaning with his elbows on the
table in all the glory of intoxication. “To the
health of the good Pope, who treats us to such
capital wine !” cried the Aphitryon in a return
of consciousness. •* It is he who will teach you
how to act, lie who might send to prison for
having stolen the goods ofthe poor,” said Pius
IX, to the terrified and cast-down boon compan
ions. “ Let this serve as a lesson, and let my
indulgence for the preseutheip you to deserve
full forgiveness.”
The Romans ofthe present day, like the Ro
mans of other times, are the greatest lovers of
art in the world, and especially ofthe art of
Terpsichorean. The dancing of Fanny Elssler
had electrified themso much, that their enthu
siasm had procured a subscription of 1*2,000
francs, which sum they bed [converted into a
crown of gold ; this they intended to offer to
the object of their idolatry. Nevertheless, they
recollected that there was a manat the tluirinai
whom they preferred to Fanny I Ussier ; they
went to him and said :
•• Holy Father, we desire to give to Fanny
Elssler this crown of gold, if it will not he dis
pleasing to your Holiness.”
“ Give the crown of gold, if that amuses
yon,” replied the good Pius IX, smiling,” only
1 suggest that your present is not logical ?”
“ Why not, Holy Father !"
“ Why. I have supposed hitherto that crowns
were made for the head, not for the legs.”
The Romasn gave their crown of gold to
Fanny Elssler, but the same day they sent to
I’ius IX, a thousand crowns for his poor.
Xotlong since, Pius IX proposed a new re
form to his council. Twenty Cardinals, who
were most hostile to the constant disposition of
the Holy Father, were present. Twenty black
halls were found in the urn which contained the
vot«i PiuilX was not disconcerted, taking
the white scull-cap from his head and laying it
upon the mu, he said: “ Now gentlemen,
the black halls are all white.’’ The measure
passed the next day. The evening of that day
M. Rossi, the French Ambassador, paid him a
visit. The Holy Father, visibly moved from the
impression produced by the scene ofthe morn
ing, described it to his visitor, adding : “ The
opposition l meet with daily will not check me.
1 shall gain the end I propose for my Govern
ment, for I possess the love of my people.—
And even if the love of that good people should
one day fail me I shall not he discouraged, for
still there will remain to me the support of
God.” —Courier dm Etats Vais.
Santa Anna--What lias been seen.
” President Polk, iu his annual message of
December 7, 1346, said:
“ W hen orders were issued to the command
er of our naval forces iu the Gulf, on the 15th
day of May last, onlv two days after the exis
tence of the war had been recognised by Con
gress, to place the coast of Mexico under block
ade, he teas directed nut to obstruct the passage
of Santa Anna to Mexico, should he return. * *
It remains to be seen whether his return may
not yet prove favorable to a pacific adjustment
of exis ing difficulties.”
Santa .Anna being thus passed into Mexico
by President Polk, to “aid and comfort” the
• poor miserable Mexicans,” let us inquire what
w e have seen of the things the President told
Congress remained •• to be seen."
At the battle of Monterey, in September.
we have seen Jive hundred American sol
diers left on tie* field, killed and wounded.
At the battle of Buena Vista, in February.
1 -17. where Santa Anna commanded, we have
seen seven hundred American Soldiers left on
the field, killed and wounded.
At the battle of Cerro Gordo, where Santa
Anna also commanded, we have seen six hun
dred American soldiers left on the field, killed
and wounded.
At the battle of Churubusco, where Santa
Anna, with Valencia, commanded, we have
seen one thousand and seventeen American sol
diers left on the field, killed and wounded.
[And still more recently, we may add, at the
battles of Mill del Rev and Chapultepec, where
this same Santa Anna had chief command, vve
have a reported loss o \' seventeen hundred Amer
ican soldiers killed and wounded, as a further
very significant evidence of his return proving
•• favorable to a pacific adjustment of existing
difficulties."—El»*. Chron A: Sent.]
We have seen the loss of these ticeniy-eijght
hundred and serent ten American soldiers, [four
thousand fee hundred and seventeen, including
the last named bat’les.] with a host of others
killed and icounded bv this “aid and comfort”
to the enemy, and still “ it remains to he seen,”
as much as it did when President Polk sent in
his message lasi December, whether Santa An
na’s return, by Mr Polk’s agency, ‘•may not
prove favorable to a pacific adjustment of ex
isting difficulties. And **it remains to be
seen. ’ also, how much louger he may continue
the war. organize new armies, and give us bat
tle. and how many more American soldiers he
may kill. Cincinnati Gazette.
Peruvian Indians.
If the vice ot excessive drinking be occa
sionally indulged in among the better class of
people of the Sierra, it i* much more frequent
among the Indian inhabitants. Every one of
their often-recurring festivals is celebrated by a
drinking bout, at which enormous quantities of
braudy andchica are consumed. In some dis
tricts of the Sierra, the cnica is prepared in a
peculiar and very disgusting manner by the In
dians. In.-tead of crushing the joro (dried
maize grain) between two stones, which is the
usual method, the Indians bruize it with their
teeth. For this purpose a group of men and
women range themselves in a circle round a
heap of joro. each gathers up a handful, chews
it. and then ejects it from the mouth into a v es
sel allotted for its reception. This mass, after
being boiled in water and left to ferment, is the
much-admired chiea mascada (that is to say.
chewed cbica.) the flavor of which is said to
surpass that ot the same beverage made in any
other way. But they who have been eve-wit
nesses of the disgusting process, and who bear
in mind various other preparations of Indian
cookery, in wh*cii the teeth perform a part, re
quire v ine fortitude ere they yield to tne press
ing invitation of the hospitable Serrano and
taste the proffered nectar. When it is wished
to make the chicha particularly strong and well
navoied. it is poured into an earthen jar along
with several pounds of beef. Tne jar is made
perfectly air-tight, and buried several feet deep
:n tne ground, where it is left for the space of
several years. Gn the birth of a child, it is
customary to bury abotijatull of chicha. which
in the marriage of the same child is opened
and drunk. The chicha has a very agreeable
flavor, but is so exceedingly potent that a s.nsle
glass of it is surficteut to intoxicate a practised
chicha drinker, or. as they sav in this country,
a ebtehero —i on Tschudi s Travels iu Peru
Gypsum (Plaster of Paris) —Tlic Kail
roads and Agriculture.
Atlanta, Sept. 13th, 1847.
To the Presidents of the Central, Macon tf* West
er n, Georgia and South Carolina Pail Ponds:
Gentlemen :—There is hut one thing wanting to
make the Chrokee region what it has been so often
called, the garden of the South. If Georgia could
exchange her gold mines for quarries of gypsuin, she
would possess all that is necessary to secure the high
est degree of prosperity. This desideratum I propose
to supply by means of our Railroads. Future im
provements may bring witnin our reach the exten
sive deposite of that valuable material, lying on the
hanks ofthe north branch ofthe Holston, in Virginia,
60 miles above Kingsport, but until then it must be
brought from some other source. Let us carry the
Gypsum to the farmers at or below the cost, of trans
portation.
It may be asked, whether the same reasons do not
exist for carrying Lime, for agricultural purposes, at
low rates? 1 reply, not to the same extent. The
proper application of lime, to an acre of laud, is S,OOO
lbs. at least, that of Gypsum is 200 lbs. The one is
40 times the weight of the other, and certainly does
not produce anything like a proportional effect.
The argument which addresses itself to us in favor
of this measure is that every pound of plaster carried
up will bring back a return cargo of more than its
weight in grain from t e verv first crop. This will
repay us without calculating the benefit to be derived
from the permanent increase of yield from the lands
bordering on our Roads. But the advantages to us
do not stop here. The transportation of this item may
be confined to periods when the cars have to go up
empty and return loaded. Again, the cost of carry
ing grain by wagons amounts to a prohibitory tax af
ter you exceed a very limited distance from the line
of road. This cost may be diminished by furnishing
the farmer with a back load. The grain may be
brought to the road and the wagon return loaded with
plaster to produce more grain. This operation will
extend the scope of country tributary to our roads,
and its tendency will be to furnish return loads for
our cars and secure us against the risk of having to
carry them down empty. There is another consider
ation of more general interest. Every addition to the
amount of tonnage brought into our southern ports
will add to the facilities of our export trade, in which
there is already a great excess over the import trade
destined to be greatly increased when we become
large shippers of breadstufls. An examination of
the business of the Western & Atlantic Railroad in
dicates two periods of the year at which it would be
most desirable to increase the quantity of up-freights.
The first is from the 15th of December to the 15th of
February .during which the up-freights are light,
and a return may be expected in the corn crops. The
other period embraces the months of June, July and
August. The Ist of September is rather too late to
continue it, but it is desirable to extend the arrange
ment to that period to meet the Wheat crop going
down. It is true that this measure, on the part ofthe
Railroad Companies, may not have the effect intend
ed, for Agriculturists are notoriously slow in any new
practice. But the same arguments which should in
fluence us address themselves with double force
to the farmer. He will invariably receive at least
100 per cent, from his investment. No manure has
ever been discovered which produces any thing like
the same effect in proportion to its bulk as Gypsum or
sulphate of lime; because it makes everything it
comes iu contact with yield its fertilizing principle
to the soil. It takes from animal manures, rain-wa
ter and the atmosphere itself, its carbonate of ammonia,
which is volatile, converts it into a sulphate, which is
soluble, but not volatile, and thus retains this chief
food of vegetables in a state in which it can be gradu
ally used by the planter. One bushel of plaster will
weigh something less than 100 lbs.; therefore a ton of
stone will make 20 bushels of ground plaster, allow
ing 260 lbs. for waste. A very good dressing would
be 2 bushels per acre; and this maybe procured at
any Depot on the Western & Atlantic Railroad for one
dollar, allowing ten dollars as the cost of a ton of the
stone. 1 have supposed that the article may be de
livered at Savannah or Charleston at §5 |»er ton, and
that the Railroad can carry it to Dalton for §5 more.
I am not iu possession of accurate data as to the eflect
produced by gypsum, though 1 have often witnessed
it with astonishment. Loudon county, Virginia, is
of the same geological character with most of the
country between the Etowah and Tennessee River.
Iu that county the lauds have been improved from a
state of moderate fertility until it has become one of
the richest agricultural countie in the State, and the
sole agents in this work have been clover and plaster.
There cannot be a doubt that the lands in the Chero
kee country of Georgia are well adapted to the list 1 of
gypsum, and experiments will soon develope the fact.
I propose to carry plaster from the sea-board to any
point on the State Roar! for §5 per ton. And the
benefits received by the Railroads will at lca«t be in
exact proportion to the extent to which the Farmers
avail themselves of the advantages offered totliem
I have chosen to address yon through the papers
that the idea of using this grand agent, second in im
portance only to steam, may be suggested to the Far
mers, at tin* same time that you are urged to enable
them to do so. I am, very respectfully, your obedient
servant, CIIAS. F. M GARNETT.
C liief-Eng ineer, &c.
Railroad Tunnels*
The New York correspondent of the Nation
al Intelligencer furnishes the following inter
esting statistics of Railroad Tunnels:
This is to be a great railroad country, and the
subject of railroads is every day increasing in
interest and importance. lam told that the
Legislatures of six Slates have already instruct
ed their representatives in Congress to vote for
the Whitney railroad to the Pacific. Probably
few readers are aware of the great number and
extent of tunnels that are constructed in build
ing railroads and canals. It is, 1 believe, an es
tablished fact, in the building of railroads, if a
hill ora mountain stands in the way, that it is
cheaper to bore through it than it is to go round
it, even though the hill or mountain may be of
solid rock. Thai is, the cost of the tunnel in
the outset, as a general principle, bears iio com
parison with the advantages derived in the long
run by shortening the distance. And as for the
other alternative, climbing over the hills, while
canals cannot do it at all, it is much more dif
ficult and expensive for railroads than even
going round the hills. Hence, therefore, as
railroads increase tunnelling through the eleva
tions of the earth must become more and more
a common operation.
The statistics of tunnels already existing
would form an interesting item of intelligence,
and would even now astonish most people by
their number and extent. There are but two
tunnels at present in the immediate vicinity of
New York : one at the commencement of the
Long Island railroad, in South Brooklyn, a lit
tle less than half a mile in length, and one less
than a quarter of a mile iu length, on the New
York and Harlem railroad, near Yorkville.
There have been some speculations within a
year or two past about running a tunnel under
Broadway, iu the lower part of the city, at
Exchange Place, or some other point below
Trinity Church, to connect Broad street with
Greenwich street, thus at the same time short
enin': the distance of a great deal of travel.HUd
relieving in some degree the crowded thorough
lares iu th at part of the city. The time may
yet come when Long Island will be connected
with New \ ork by a tunnel under the Last
River, like the tunnel under the Thames at
London. It would be no improvement now,
iu addition to the very convenient ferries be
tween New York and Brooklyn, h it the rapid
growth of New York and its suburbs, and the
immense amount of shipping and steamers ami
vessels of till kinds that will some years hence
choke up the East river, may render a tunnel
desirable.
Some statistics of railroads and canal tunnels
were recently published in the American Rail
road Journal, in which it is stated that the long
est tunnel iu tiie I’.iited States is on the Chesa
peake and Ohio Canal, and is a little short of
two-thirds of a mile in length. Should this ca
nal be extended to the Ohio river, it will require
a tunnel four miles iu length through the Alle
ghany mountains. In England tile statistics of
tunnels are more fully given. In two thousand
seven hundred miles of canals, there are forty
eight tunnels, amounting in the aggregate to
forty miles. The most remarkable canal tun
nel in F.ngland probably is that between .Man
chester ami Huddersfield, running under Stan
di ge. This tii'jnel is said to be three miles in
length, and some part of the way six hundred
and sixty feel below the surface of the ground.
The Liv -pool and Manchester Railway has j
a tunnel under Liverpool about one mde and
an eightii in length. So great i- the amount of
business done on this railway, that the compa
ny are now constructing another tunnel under
Liverpool pa.allel to the present one. which
bus not sufficient capacity for th** great increase
of business—a difficulty never dreamed of at
the time of its construction. A quarter of a
century hence undoubtedly improvements will
be required about New York that are not
dreamed of at the present day.
The Great Western Railway from London to
Bristol has six tunnels in seventeen miles, one
of which is nearly two miles in length. The
London and Birmingham Railway Company
are const acting a tunnel under the city of I.on
don. two miles in length, running from Maiden
1 Lane to Fleet Prison Yard. The Sheffield and
Manchester Railway has a tunnel three miles
! in length, and the company are now engaged
; in constructing another parallel to it. the pre
| sent one not being sufficient for the amount of
business. Tunnelling is making equal pro
gress also on the continent of Europe. Iu
j France a machine has recently been invented
j which it is said great facilitates the boring of
! tunnels. A railway in progress of con-truc-
I tion from Genoa to Turin will passthrough the
Appenines by a tunnel more than seven mites
in length.
The fact that, in England, two cf their tun
nels have already proved insufficient for the in
; crease of business, should admonish our engi-
I neers iu the construction of these works to
: have due regard to the unprecedented growth
I of this country.
A Strange Flower. —One day last week
j some men who were working upon our -trects
! broke a stone in two in which was found a
beautiful purple flower, vv :tn some green leave*,
as fresh in appearance and as soft to the touch
as though it had been grown in a green-hou-e
How it came there is a mystery to ns. The
stone had been in our s’reet for twelve years
But the flower was evidently in the stone when
it was quarried. Perhaps it had been there
from •• time whereof the memory of man run
neth not loathe contrary ” —aye, for aught we
know, it i- an ante IU ivlan fl >wer. Mr. S. S.
You ns says “the flower resembles the Hebis
cus species; but the leaf is more nearly the
rose, but is not exactly like any flower now a
native of this country, nor indeed iike any ex
otic cultivated here. He adds: •• It most pro
bably grew in the hole of the rock where it now
is; but the rock must have been earth when it
grew.”—Eaton i Ohio > Register.
Launched. —This day at L 80 P. M., from the
ship-yard of Messrs. \Ve*tervelt& Mackay, the
Ocean Steam Navigation Company’s steam
ship Hermann, to be commanded by Capt. E.
Crabtree, intended for the conveyance ofthe
U. S. mails to England, France and Germany.
Too much praise cannot be given to the buil
ders of this ship for the manner in which they
have combined grace and beauty with astrengtli
not surpassed probably in this or any other
country. No expense has been spared by the
company to make the ship all that can required
o give comfort and confidence to the most
astidious traveller.
Her dimensions are, two hundred and forty
five feet long, forty-one feet wide, and thirty
one feet deep. Her saloon is to be finished in
a style of elegant neatness, and her sleeping
rooms are large and convenient, a description
of which will be given when they are finished.
Her engines are iu process of construction at
the Novelty works, and are intended to give her
a speed equal to that of any steamer on the
ocean.
We have now ample evidence that when the
aid of Government i 3 extended to our enter
prising citizens, as by other Governments to
their subjects, ocean steamships will rise up
and compete with, if not surpass those of other
nations—giving our Government a fleet of
steam frigates at short notice, in the event of a
war with a maritime power, to protect our
coast and transport troops with the utmost fa
cility. under the management of officers and
men who have become familiar with this de
scription of navigation.
This is the power that is to command the
highway of nations, and shall we be the lust to
assert our rights in it?— N. Y. Com. Advertiser ,
30?A ult.
Importance of Improving Time. —But few
seem to be fully aware of the importance of
improving time. Yet there are those among
the most considerate who know how to appre
ciate the value of time. They evince this in
their efforts to do good, and to promote use
fulness in the world. Indeed the conduct of
all tends to convince every one ofthe necessity
of improving time, could they fully realize
how soon their days on earth would be num
bered. This idea is often overlooked. This is
perhaps one prominent reason why so many
permit hours, days, and even weeks to run to
waste. If man were created for no other pur
pose than to spend his time in idleness, it would
not be so strange to see a people manifesting
so little concern about improving the passing
moments. But as God has enjoined it upon
man to improve the talents committed to his
trust, it is astonishing to see multitudes living
as though no such duty was imposed upon them.
Time should he improved to the best advan
tage, or but little will be acomplished. Time
must be improved, or the cause of truth will
suffer a great loss. In short, any one who ne
glects making efforts to promote, advance and
extend the cause of truth, in literary attain
ments or otherwise, is guilty of a moral wrong,
and may expect to make hut little advancement
towards happiness in this world, and for this
neglect, perhaps, may look hack with regret in
a dying hour, upon the misimprovemenl of their
time, and die degraded as they lived, conse
quently unprepared to make that advancement
in a spiritual world that they otherwise might
have done. Therefore, what our hands find to
no. le.t us do it with all our might.— Gem of
Science.
To Preserve Peaches. —Cleanyour peach
es, by pouring hot water upon them, and after
wards wiping them with a coarse cloth; put
them into glass orearthern jars, cork them up
and fasten the corks with a wire or strong
twine; then place the jar* in a kettle ot hot wa
ter, covering them to the cork, and boil the
wa»cr until the atmospheric air is expelled from
the jars; after which seal them up tight with
wax. Peaches prepared in this way retain
their original flavor, and are equally as deli
cious, when cooked in the ordinary manner, six
months or a year alter being put U P> as if just
taken from the tree.
MARRIED.
In Warren county, on the 30th ult., by the Rev.
I*. N. Maddux, Mr. Napoleon B. Thomas to Miss
Mary Ann Rebecc a, daughter of Capt. Thomas
Ivy, all of said county.
DIED.
At his residence in Hancock county, on the 23d
nil. Mnj. Mark Gonder, in the 69th year of his
a jre. He has left a family and friends over to deplore
his loss. For the last five years of his life he was an
exemplary member of the Baptist Church, always
giving testimony to his friends of his humble resigna
tion to the will of his Heavenly Father. “ Blessed
are the dead who die in the Lord ”
(Commercial.
AUGUSTA MARKET.
Tuesday, P. M.
Cotton. —The market during the week has been
rather in an unsettled state ; to-day however there
has been a fair demand, with some .activity, at ful
prices—a fraction above what could be obtained last
week. We, however, continue our quotations of 11
a 1!} cents for fair in square bales, remarking that
that quality is scarce on the market, the receipts being
composed principally of good middling to middling
fair.
The receipts of the new crop ere very small for the
season.
COTTON ST ATE MEN T.
Comparative Statement of Cotton in Augusta
and Hamburg. Oct. I*7, 1847-8 and 1846-7.
1847-8. 1846-7.
Stock on hand, September 1 17,233 9,906
Received from Sept. I to Oct. !•••• 1,321 6,377
Total supply and receipts 18,554 16,283
SHIPMENTS.
Shipped to Savannah in Sept 481 2,948
“ to Charleston in “ ..... 1,331 8,000
“ to interior per Geo. R. R., Sept. 50
Total shipments I.SR” 10,948
KTAf*'
Stork iu Augu-ta,’ October 1 13 984 3,571
“ in Hamburg “ 2,708 1,764
Total stock 16,63-6 5,335
CHARLESTON, Oct. 2. Cotton.— Near 400
bales we-e sold on Saturday last, at about the rates
previously obtained. On Monday anti Tuesday 300
bales changed hands, and when we closed owr inqui
ries on the latter day it was generally conceded that
all classifications had suffered to the extent of J a }c.
This reduction did not suit the views of purchasers,
lor on Wednesday a further concession was offered
hei«»re they could be induced to operate, and during
the day 1700 bates were sold on still lower terms;
and the transactions of Thursday and Friday were
limited to 550 bales, at similar rates ; this concession,
however, is by no means general, as the bulk of our
holders have rej>eatedly refused to meet buyers on
milar terms. We quote to correspond with the ope
rations ofthe last three days, under the conviction
that when circumstances compel holders to operate it
•s impossible to do better, inferior—; ordinary to
tfood ordinary 10} to lOJ ; middling to good middling
11 a 11}; middling fair 11} all §; fair and fully fair
11} a 12; and good fair 12} a 124. The quotations
show a decline of} a §c. on the prices current prior to
the arrival of the Britannia’s advices. The receipts
of the week reach 1210 bales, and the sales in the
same time comprise upwards of 1950 bales, at the fol
lowing prices:—l29 bales at 10}; 246 at 10}; 49 at
10: ; 644 at lOf; 220 at 11; 304 at 11}; 75 at 11
647 at 11}; 335 at 11 §; 38 at 11$; 103 at 12; 50 at
12}; and 76 bales at 12}c. The arrivals of the new
crop since our last reach 350 bales, making the re
ceipts thus far this season 430 bales, the quality of the
most of which does not compare favorably with the
early arrivals of last year.
Comparative statement of Colton, embracing Stock
on hand' Receipts and Exports.
1317. 1846-7.
•'took on hand, Sept. 1. 1847 ••25462 7406
Received since Sept. 24 1210
“ previously 2059
Total receipts 28731 20032
Exported since Sept. 24 1330
“ previously 5700
Total exports- 7030 9264
On shipboard, not cleared 3160 350
Deduct from total receipts* •• • 10190 10114
Remaining on hand, Oct. 1-18511 9913
1\ ‘-ilUnt ntf is a statement of the receipts uw! star/, of
cotton on h ind -itvlon ■ih p'ioard n.ot cleared, at the re
tpeclict places named : 1347-8. 1846-7.
Rec’ts. Stock. R*c* *. Stock.
New Orleans, Pept. 25 ..13*72 24i99 7100 8203
Mobile, Sept gTi 965 171<*3 I»c*7 6tßi
: io/ida. Sept 18 2-7 .... 10-8
I>Xas. Sepi. It * W* 2*2 | 1500
Georgia. Sept 1" 1271 5978 2.96
Do Island - 7-4 24 478
S Carolina. Oci. !.... 3269 2. 7"1 12626 1070-i
Do. Sea (eland ‘29 J-C8 33
N Carolina,
Virginia. 448 .... IfO
Total 23974 77 6* 26232 33317
vlacon. Ga. 29-9 ••••
Vugusta A: Hamburg. MZi l
Philadelphia. >ep i -916
New York. Sept 21 6—64 3'tvO
T*-.t 9SH.: 47613
—The sales do not exceed 300 tierces, at ex
•reiiir* ranging frmn §4} t » Ssf per hundred. Os the
tbregomz transactions, 100 tierces were cf the new
crop and of fair quality, and sold, as we understand,
at s4} j*er hundred.
Co —The arrivals ofthe week reach 1590 bush
,i, t, v the Railroad. The transactions have been con
| fined* to small parcels of country, at prices ranging
f r . n 65 to 70c. There is not much demand for the
art.. #eud for' i sales would bring prices even be-
I w these figures.
Hay. —There have :,-en no arrivals for some weeks
past, and the supply on the market is light, and prices
:onsequently on the advance. We quote North
River, nominally 57 a 90c. Eastern is worth even
more.
Flour. —The Flour market has been very quiet
>in“e our last. Country brands have experienced a
f irtherdecline, and we now q 4.25 accordingly.
B ilfimore is worth from -35} to 86} per barrel, accord
ing t > qualitv. Received by the Railroad 351.
Paeon. —Sales to a limited extent. We quote
Hams 3 a 12}; Shoulners 7 a 8}; Sides 8} a 9c.
Isird. N j laansactions to report.
Salt. —We continue to quote Liverpool -$1.25 a
$1.35 per sack. About 3600 bushels Turks Island,
received th ; s week, was disposed of at 13c. per bush.
Groceries. —The demand for the leading articles
of Groceries is £«<od. but the sales have been confined
chiefly to small parcels, mostly to supply country or
ders. Muscovado Sugar at prices ranging from 6& to
8c; Porto Rico from Btoßs ; and Louisiana from 6$
to7fc. There was a sale of llGhhdsCuba Molasses
at ‘2oc ; and 43 hints. 10 tcs. and 9 bbls. Porto Rico
on Saturday last for shipment, at 31 and 32c; New
Orleans in small parcels has been sold at 36 a 39c per
gallon, the early receipts bringing the latter price.
Domestic Liquors. The transactions of the week
have been confined to 50 bbls. New Orleans Whiskey
at 25$c per gallon.
Bagging. —The market is heavy and Kentucky is
on the decline, most of the sales having been at 17
and 17$c.
Rope. —About 100 coils large size and common
brought 7sc. Good brands Kentucky and Philadel
phia are worth 8$ a 9c.
Exchanges. —The Banks purchase Bills on Eng
land at 7a7s ; Francs 5f.35. Sight Checks on New
York, par to $ prern.; Bills on do 15 days $ dis., do
on do 30 do § dis., do on do 60 days } discount.
Freights. —We continue to quote to Liverpool,
Cotton in square bags at $d ; and to Havre 1 a lsc.
The rates to Boston for square bags 25 a 30c. No
Rice offering. The rates to New York are nominal.
SAVANNAH, Oct. 1. —In our review of the 7th
we noticed the unpromising appearance of the Cotton
Crop from the ravages of the boll worm and the long
continued rains of the season. The weather for the
past fortnight has been most favorable, and there
seems to be more encouragement that the crop of
Georgia may equal that of last year. This cannot be,
however, unless the frost should be a late one. In
Jefferson and Burke counties, we learn the crop will
be very short, while from some other counties the
prospect is represented to be very favorable for a full
crop. The receipts of New Cotton to date are 446
bales.
Cotton. —Arrived since the 17th inst. 576 bales Up
land (210 by Railroad and 366 from Augusta and land
ings on the river,) and 8 bales Sea Island. The ex
ports for same period have been 1479 bales Upland
and 52 bales Sea Island to York, 3S bales Up
land to Philadelphia, 26 bales™pland to Boston, 25
bales Upland to Baltimore, and 48 bales Upland to
Charleston—together, 1,616 bales Upland and 52
bales Sea Island ; leaving a stock on hand and on
shipboard, not cleared, of 4,070 bales Upland and 732
bales Sea Island, against 2,608 bales Upland and 459
bales Sea Island at same time last year.
The market continues very dull, and the transac
tions are not of sufficient importance to establish quo
tations. The sales made this week are at sto sc. de
cline on previous prices. The sales of the week are
167 bales, as follows; —20 bales at 11A, 14 at 11$, 60
at 11$, 14 at 11 $ t and 48 at 11.
STATEMENT OP COTTON.
1846-47 1345-46.
Stock on hand, Sept. 1 6,942 5,456
Received since Sept. 17* •• 576 860
“ previously 705 3,026
Total receipts 8,223 9,342
Exported since Sept 17 •• • • 1,616 4,795
“ previously.... 2,537 1,939
Total 4,153 6,734
Remaining on hand, Sept. 30, 4,070 2,608
(ri oceries. —The business of the week has been
principally for the retail trade and country orders.
The only sales we have to report are 150 bags Cuba
Colfee at7s, and 50 bbls. N. O. Whiskey at 26c.
Bacon. —The sales of the week are, 15,000 lbs.
Sides at 8$ a 9c., and 25 hhds. Shoulders at 7 a 7}.
Flou -. —We notice sales 64 bbls. Georgia at 86 at
&6j, and 10,000 lbs. do. at 3$ a 3$- cents.
Corn. —The demand has been more active this
week, and prices have stiffened. The sales are about
1,000 bushels at 60 a 65 cents.
Hay. —No large sales. It is retailing from stores
at 87$ cents.
Bagging. —Small sales of Dundee have been made
this week at 18 a 22 cents.
Salt. —ls in better demand at 81.50 per sack.
Exchange. —Sterling is nominal. The Banks are
checking on the North at $ per ct. prem. They pur
chase sight to 5 day bills at par; 30 day bills at $; 60
1$ discount.
Freights. —The rates to New York are $ to 5-16
for Cotton, and 75 per cask for Rice, and 6sc. per
bushel for Corn. No vessels loading for other ports.
NEW YORK, Oct. 2, 2 P. M.— Cotton.— The
sales of Cotton for the week ending last evening a
mounted to 9,700 bales, including 4,400 Upland and
Florida and 5,300 Mobile and New' Orleans. The
arrivals for same period were 3,672 bales. In the
early part of the week prices gave way somewhat,
but at the close the market has assumed a firmer tone,
and we continue the quotations of Saturday last with
out any alteration.
UpVdL 4* Florida. Mobile N. O.
Inferior none. 10$ a 10$
Ordinary to good ordinary •• *lo* a 11$ 10| a 11$
Middling to good middling* •• 11$ a 11$ 11$ a 12
Middling fair to fair 12 a 12$ 12$ a 12}
Fully fair to good fair 12} a 13 13 a 13$
Fine none. none.
The sales of Cotton to-day arc about 500 bales.
There is very little on the market.
There was a moderate business doing throughout
the week in flour, at tolerably steady prices, vary ing
6$ cents or so a barrel, according to the receipts. At the
close Genesee, from new wheat, is worth 85,815, and
fresh ground, from old, 85,68}. New Oswego 85,68}
a 85,75; old 85,625. New Michigan and Ohio are
worth 85,75, and old from 85,50 a 85,625. New
Southern comes in sparingly. Small sales during
the week of new Philadelphia at 86, 85,87$ a 86, for
Georgetown and Baltimore, and $6 for Petershurgh.
Wheat is firm, sales of new Genesee at 81.22 a
81.25; Ohio at 81.17 a 81.20 and Western at 81 a
81.06. Rye has sold during the week as high a>s 85
cts., but at the close is only worth 82. Barley is scarce;
new to arrive, has sold at 75 and old at 60 cents. The
sales of Corn have been large, principally for the ful
filment of previous contracts. At the close, prices
gave way a little, and Yellow is worth 66, and mixed
64 cents.
Exchange. — Foreign —There is nothing doing in
foreign bills. In the absence of transactions we quote
as before; —On London 108$ a 108}; Paris, sf. 25 a
sf. 23}.
\ DMIMSTR A TORS’ SALE.—Agreeably to
XjL an order of the honorable the Inferior Court of
Lincoln county, sitting for ordinary purposes, will be
sold, on the first Tuesday in December next, Indore
the Court-House door in the county of Dooly, the fol
lowing tracts of land, to wit :
202$ acres •• • • No. 67- ••• in the 11th District.
202$ acres •• • • No. 65* ••• in the 2d “
202$ acres •• • • No. 240- ••• in the 2d “
A LSO,
Before the Court-House door of Lowndes county :
490 acres No. 39- •• -in the 12th District.
490 “ ••• No. 351 ...in the 9th *•
490 “ No. 180-••• in the 9th “
ALSO
Before the Court-House door of Appling county :
490 acres No. 558 m the 2d District.
490 “ No. 428 iu the JjJd *C— -
ALSO”
P- C.e tin C..mi-House door in Baker county :
250 acres • • No. 102- ••- in the 11th District.
250 “ No. 335 - . m the 11th “
ALSO—
Before the Coil/t-House door in Decatur county.
250 acres No. 335 • • in the 20th District.
250 “ No. 12.*.«inthe 15th “
250 “ No. 11l • • *in the 21st “
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Muscogee county :
202$ acres.... No. 207• * • •in the 10th District.
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Marion county :
202$ acres- •• • No. 16 • —in the 10th District.
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Carroll co jnty :
202$ acreß---.No 137 ••• *in the 3d District.
2u2s “ ....No. 49... in the Bth “
ALSO-
Before the Court-House door in Talbot county :
202$ acres. •• - No. 55- ••• in the 14th District.
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Jones county :
202$ acres- • • • No. 139- * * • in the 11th District, ori
ginally Wilkinson, now Jones.
ALSO—
Bef< re the Court-House door in Lee county :
2024 acres-* •• No. 206•• ..in the Ist District.
ALSO-
Before the Court-House door in Thomas county :
250 acres No. 61 • *•.in the 23d District.
490 “ No. 146 ••• in the Bih “
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Murray county :
160 acres-• No. 72-. in 13th District, 3d Section.
160 “ --No. 49--in Bth “ 3d “
160 “ - No. 168*. in 11th “ 3d *•
160 “ --No. 132*.in 27th “ 2d “
ALSO—
Before the Court-H-mse door in Gilmer county :
160 acres.. No. 213“ in 9fli District, 3d Section.
160 “ --No. 97-. in 26th “ 2d
160 “ - No. 232“ in 6th “ 2J “
ALSO-
Before the Court-House door iu Walker county :
«• 160 acres*. No. 283--in 25th District, 3d Serti<»n.
160 “ --No. 80--in 25th “ 3d “
160 •* - No. 107 .in 28th “ 3d “
160 “ ••No. 198-. in 26th “ 3d “
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Union county :
160 acres- - No. 31 .-9th District, Ist Section.
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Cobb county :
40 acres-• No. 1106*. in 3d District, 3d Section.
40 “ -.No. 838-. in 2d “ 3d “
40 “ “No. 191-. in 2d “ 3d “
40 “ “No. 103 “in Ist ** 2d “
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Campbell county :
40 acres. - No. 788--in 13th District, 2d Section.
ALSO
Before the Court-House door in Cherokee county ;
40 acres-• No. 772** in 15th District, 2d Section,
40 “ “No. 999“ in 3d “ 2d “
40 “ -.No. 807--in 15th “ 2d “
40 “ ..No. 959“ in 2d “ 2d “
40 “ ..No. 226--in 2d “ 2d “
80 “ --No. 359*.in 4th “ 2d “
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door in Forsy.h county :
40 acres--No. 352-. in 3d District, Ist Section?. .
40 “ “No. 513 -* in 2d “ Ist “
40 “ --No. 242*-in Ist “ Ist “
40 “ ..No. 329-*in Ist “ Ist “
ALSO—
Before the Court-House door iri Lumpkirvcotintv :
40 acres*. No. 321 •• m 4th District, Ist Section,
40 “ ..No. 137--in 13th “ Ist “
245 “ --No. 126--in Ist “ Ist “
Al SO
Before the Court-House door in Paulding county :
40 acres-No. 32*. in Ist District, 3d Section,
40 -No. 974 “in 2d “ 4th “
40 “ -No 1208“ in 18th “ 3d “
ALSO—
Before the Court-Hoi se d<>or in Cass county :
20 Here l -- - No. 431 “in 17th District, 3d Section,
All the foregoing tracts of land sold as the prop*»rfy
of Peter Lamar, late of Lincoln county,
Terms, one-half cash, the remainder twelve ic'-nt.’**
credit, with approved security.
BENNIXG B. MOORE, / . , -
LAFAYETTE LAMAR, ( AfJcn "*
October 6, 1847.
POSTPONED
4 DMINISTR A TOR'S Sale—Will be mU.
at Appling, Columbia county. Ga., on ti*e
first Tuesday in Jiecember next, by order of the Coart
of Ordinary of said county, the land belonging to the
estate of Daniel Clark, deceased, viz; one h'indred
and eighty-one acres, adjoining Clanton, Robert-soo
and Waiton, on the Uchee Creek ; possession to b»-
given on the Ist January next. The upset price will
be one thousand dollars. Terms cash, to be paid
when the title is perfected.
CHARLES A. CRAWFORD,
Oct. 6, 1847. Adm’r.. with the will annexed
qiALUFURRO SHERIFF’S SALE.—WiII
A be sold, before the court-house door in the town
Crawfbrdville, Taliaferro county, Georgia, on the first
Tuesday in November next, within the lawful hours
of sale, the following property, to wit: one tract of
land containing eight hundred acres, more or less,
whereon Amos Stewart now lives, adjoining lands of
James B. Darracott, and others, on the waters of
Stephen s Creek ; levied on as the property of Archi
bald Gresham, by virtue of a fi. f a . issued from Talia
ferro Inferior Court in favor of David Allison vs. Thos.
Chaffin, principal, and Archibald Gresham security!
Levied on by G. Overton, former Sheriff ’
WM. ALEXANDER, b. Sheriff
October 4, 1847.
ADMINISTRATOR’S' SALE. —Will be
sold on the first Tuesday in December next at
the Court House of the County of Lumpkin—Lot
number 726, 12th District, Ist Section, lying in said
county. Also, at the Market House of the City of
Augusta, a tract of land well timbered, situated in
Richmond County, containing 2000 acres, more or
less, upon which there is a good saw mill, both
tracts belonging to the estate of Warrington Haynie,
deceased. Sold by order of Court for the benefit of
the heirs and creditors. Terms on the day of sale.
EMILIUS HAYNIE, Administrator.
October 6, 1847.
Lincoln county, georgia:—where-
as, by the petition of William Dallis, Guardian
for Littleton Dallis, Payton Dallas, Halbert Dallis and
William Dallis, minors of Thomas Dallis, Jr., de
ceased, laid before the Court of Ordinary of said
county at the September Term, 1847, praying tube
dismissed from the Guardianship of said minors:
It is therefore ordered by the Court, that all per
sons concerned be and appear at the next terra of
said Court to he holden on the first Monday in No
vember next, and show cause, if any they can, why
said William Dallis should not be dismissed from the
Guardianship of said minors.
Given under my hand at office, in Lincolnton, the
39th day of September, 1847.
o 5 HUGH HENDERSON, Clerk.
Taliaferro county, Georgia *
Whereas, Thomas A. Lyne applies to me for
letters of dismission on the estate of John W. Towns,
late of said county, deceased :
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at my office, within the time pre
scribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Crawford ville.
Oct. 6, 1847. Q.UINEA O’NEAL, Clerk.
Burke county, Georgia :—Whereas,
Robert B. Mcßride applies to us for letters of
administration, with the will aunexed, on the estate
of Ezekiel Hull, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear before the Justices of the Inferior
Court, sitting for ordinary purposes, on the first Mon
day in November next, and show cause, if any they
have, why letters of administration should not be
granted.
Given under our hands at the office of the clerk of
the court of ordinary of said county, this 28th day of
September, 1847. f Attest.]
JAMES W. JONES, J. I. C B. C.
EDWARD GAR LICK, D. Clerk. s3O
(COLUMBIA COUNTY, GEO. :—Whereas,
J Sarah E. Lynn applies for letters of administra
tion on the estate of William Lynn, deceased :
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at my office within the time pre
scribed by law,,to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Appling.
October 2, 1847. GABRIEL JONES, Clerk.
EGBERT COUNTY, Geotgia.—W hereas
Elijah H. Harper, applies to me for letters of Ad
ministration, with the will annexed, on the estate of
Daniel Thornton, senior, deceased :
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singulur, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at iny office, within the time pre
scribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Elberton.
Sept. 22, 1847. WM.B. NELMS, Clerk.
JEFFERSON County, Georgia Wher
eas, James T. Bothw'ell applies for letters of ad
ministration on the estate and effects of William
Bechton, late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be ami appear at my office, within the time pre
scribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Louisville.
EBENEZER BOTH WELL, Clerk.
September 28. 1847.
ORGAN COUNTY, GEORGIA :—Where
as, Banister Cochrane applies for letters of ad
ministration on the estate of Pheraby Vass, late of
said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at my office, within the time pre
scribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office, this 24th Septein
ber, 1847. 527 F. W. ARNOLD, Clerk.
MOKOAN COUNTV, GEOHGIA Where
as, Lewis G. Anderson applies lor letters of ad
ministration on the estate of Wm. H. Holloway, de
ceased :
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all und
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be ami appear at my office, within the time pre
scribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under iny hand at office, this 24th Septem
ber, 1847. h 27 F. W. ARNOLD, Clerk.
WARREN County, Georgia t— Whereas,
Edward R. Dennis applies for letters of ad
ministration on the estate of Isaac Davis, deceased :
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at iny office, within the time pre
scribed by law, to show cause, if any they have, why
said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Warrenton.
P. N. MADDUX, Clerk.
September 25, 1847.
('I EORGIA,ELBERTCOUNT Y-COURT
W OF ORDINARY, July Term, 1847.
Upon hearing tilt petition of Robert McMillan, pray
ing that Ira Christian and John M. Christian, as ad
ministrators of the estate of Chiles T. Key, deceased,
may be directed to make and execute titles to the
said Robert to nine hundred acres of land, more or
less, in said county, whereon said Chiles T. lived in
1845, in pursuance of the written contract of the said
Chiles T. It is ordered by the Court that the said Ira
Christian and John M. Christian shew cause (if any
they have) at the next November term of this Court,
or so soon thereafter as counsel can be heard, why -
Ulles should not jjfijoadfcJMLjM*^j fill >l o \ u Jsfiuit of"
any good cause being shown, said administrators will
he directed to make such titles to the petitioner and
that this order be published according to law.
The shove Is a true extract from the minutes of the
Court of Ordinary of Elbert county. This sth day of
July, 1847. WM. B. NELMS, C. C. O.
f'IIAhIAFERUO County, Georgia:
JL Whereas, James R. Brooke, Administrator of
Thomas Turley, late of Taliaferro county, now de
ceased, having petitioned the Court of Ordinary for
a discharge from said administialion, and it appearing
from said [>etition that the said administrator hath ful- \
ly discharged the duties required of him as such. It
is therefore ordered by the Court, that the Clerk do
issue citation, requiring all persons concerned to ap
pear before our Court on the first Monday in March
next, then and there to show cause, if any they have,
why the said Brooke should not be discharged from
his administration aforesaid, and that the Clerk do
cause citation to he published, as the law in such cases
directs.
[A true extract from the minutes of the Court of
Ordinary of Taliaferro county, July 16th, 1847.1
jyl9*m6m QUINEA O’NEAL, Clerk.
ALIA FERRO County, Georgia Jas.
JL K. Brooke, Administrator of Ignatius Simms,
late of said county, deceased, having petitioned the
Court of Ordinary for a discharge from said adminis
tration, and it appearing from said petition that said
administrator hath fully discharged the duties requir
ed of him as such : It is therefore ordered by the
Court, that the Clerk do issue citation, requiring all
persons concerned to appear before our said Court, on
the first Monday in March next, then and there to
show cause, if any they have, why the said Brooke
should not be discharged from his administration afore
said ; and tLat the Clerk do cause this citation to he
üblished as the law in such cases directs.
[A true extract from the minutes of said Court of
Ordinary, this July 16th, 1847.
jy 19-m6in UUINEA O’NEAL, Clerk.
TTACHMENT IN WARREN IMFE
RIOR COURT, August Term, 1847:
William P. Butt vs. William Mngroder.
It appearing to the Court that the Plaintiff in the
above stated case, since its commencement, has died,
and that the defendant resides out of the State, it is
ordered by the Court that the defendant shew cause,
at the next term of this Court, why Patrick N. Mad
dux, the administrator of the estate of William P.
Butt, should not be made a party Plaintiff to the re
cord to carry on said case ; and it is further ordered
this rule l»e served by publication in one of the public
gazettes of this State in terms of the law, previous to
the next meeting of this Court.
THOMAS, NEAL, J. I. C.
JESSE M. ROBERTS, J. I C.
ADAM JONES, J. I. C.
M. H. WELLBORN, J. I. C.
[A true extract from the minutes of said Court.]
JAMES PILCHER, Clerk.
September 25, 1847. in4m
| 1 EORGIA, ELBERT COUNTY.—Court of
VN Ordinary, September Term, 1847 :
Present—Their Honors, Thomas J. Heard, William
Mills, Joseph Sewell and George J. Barr, Esqs.:
On reading the petition of John B. Arnold, stating
that ho holds the written bond or obligation of Phile
mon R. Wilhight, late of Elbert county, deceased,
bearing date on the 4th of November, eighteen hun
dred and forty-three, binding the said Philemon R.
Wilhight to make good titles unto the said John B.
Arnold to a tract of land in said county, containing
three hundred and twenty-six and a half acres (one
fourth of an acre excepted for the graves.) lying on
the waters of Dove’s Creek, and adjoining the lands
of Elijah Alexander, Benj. Thernton, and others, the
said land having such boundaries, shape and marked
courses and distances as fully appear by reference to
a plat aunexed to a deed of conveyance of the same
land by Joseph Brawner to John W. Colvard, and
the said Philemon R. Wilhight has departed this life
without executing titles in conformity with said bond.
It is ordered, by the Court, that all persons show
cause, if any thev have, on or before the second Mon
day in January next, why titles should not be made,
or on failure of such cause being shown the Court
will grant a rule absolute, requiring Thomas C. Wil
hight, Executor of the will of said Philemon R. Wil
hight, deceased, to make and execute titles for said
tract of land unto the said John B. Arnold, according
tl*e tenor and effect of said bond; and it is further
>rdereri by the Court that a copy of this rule be pub
lished in the Chronicle <fc Sentinel once a month for
tluee previous to the second Monday in Janu
ary next.
[The aiwre is a true extract from the minutes of the
Court of Ordinary of E bert county, this 6th day of
September, 1847.]
525-m3m WM, B. NELMS, Cb rk C. O.
OTIC K.--All persons having demands against
John M Crtrjr, late of Warren county, deceas
ed, are hereby uoutied to present them properly at
tested, tome, within the time prescribed by law ; and
all persons indebted to said deceased ore requested to
make settlement either by rash or renewal of their
note*. JESSE M. ROBERTS, Adrn’r.
October 6, 1847
3