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THS CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
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Daii*- Paper 310 per annum.
Tri-Weekly Paper 5 “
TERMS OP ADVERTISING.
In Weekly.—Seventy-five cents per square (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cents for
each subsequent insertion.
.for Sale.
NOTICE.
THERE WILL BE SOLD, at
* “J lutnbia Court-House, on the fir*t Tuesday
“* *' in December - A*'
on I now reside? containing one hundred and eighty
fl SO) acißs, adjoining Murray, Flint and Steed, on
Germany’s Creek. There are upon the premises a
* j^ we Wi n K House and other convenient
buildings. I offer the above at private sale, and if
not disposed of before the time (say Ist Tuesday in
December,) wilt be exp»>eed to public >ale. s
<>2B-wtd JOHN Ik BINION.
, JefferSon County Land for Sale.
THE SUBSCRIBER offers his
pfanfotion 6 ,r sale, about seven hundred vBB
rhe waters of Dry Creek, G toiler
below Louisville, on the old Savannah road, well im
proved, having all bouses thereon necessary for the
place. The w hole crop, plantation tools, and sto-k can
be had on the place: Bid quick, and you will get a
bargain. Six hundred acres more can tie had adjoin
ing, if desired. s!3-wtf S. ARRINGTON.
FOR SALE.
fA WELL SETTLED LONG
■; staple cotton
i Q Hamilton county, Middle Florida, two
miles from the lower Mineral Springs, a summer re
sort possessing unquestionable medicinal properties.
Said plantation contains 880 acres of good pine and
hammock land, 3500 f which are cleared ami under
good fence, with every building necessary for the
comfort and convenience of the pl nter.
There is sufficient water power on the premises to
propel machinery of any kind throughout the year.
Alm> TEN NEGROES, (all worker**,) Provirion
Crop, Mules, Horses, and Plantation Implements
generally.
Thebbove property is offered at private sale until
the 16th December next, if not disposed of by that
tiin** wilt lie oib*red at public sale on the following
day. Terms—One-fourth cash, balance in three
equal instalments, with interest and satisfactory se
curity. Apply to THOM AS D. DEX I'ER, I jowrr I
Mineral springs, Columbia county, E. F., or to the
subscriber at Jacksonville, E. F.
iydl-wtf JOHN L’ENGLE.
VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR
SALE.
TOR'S SALE.— By virtue of the last
U will and testament of John Swanson, deceased,
will l»e sold <>n the first Tuesday in December next,
be’on* tlic < ourt House «l«r»r, in ihe town of .Madison.
M •rgau county, the plantation, whereon the deceased
lai ly re.-aded, containing fifteen hundred acres of
lan I, lying in said county, eleven miles south ot
M . ii on, mlj .ming lauds of Dr. Haineli, Washington
" i " d others, abooi two thirds cleared, and in
cul-iva.ion, the remainder being wood land, verv
heavily timbered, tin* limner conveniently situated to
all parts of the plantation. There is on the place a
go sl dwrllmg nous.*, and kitchen, gin house and
parking-screw, and all other buildings requisite fora
far hi. Terms made known on the day of sale.
1847. JAMES F.SWANSON, Ex’r.
EXECUTOR'S SALE.
Zy.s o* I’KE SECOND MONDAY
’’?•{ ,M l'’■••enii«»-r next, will be sold loilie high
rst bidder at public outcry, upon a credit -i
--of one, tw«» and three years, the large and valuable
plantation of Wdliain Wright, deceased, lute of the
county of Columbia.
This tract contains eleven hundred (1100) acres of
land; a large pinion of it, the best Cotton land in
Mid il.- Georgia. It is elegantly improved; with one
ot ilte be«i intry Mills to the Slate. There is about
four hundred acres of it in the wimmlr. It issiti: tied
in the comity ot ‘ <>lumbia, twenty-seven miles above
Augusta, 8 miles from the Georgia R til Road, 6 mile*
from Appling and 1 mile from Cobbhnm. The sale
will lake place tqion the plantation.
Al-o, at the same time and place, iqx»n a credit, a
p*rti >n of the Negroes, Household and Kitchen For
nituie ; < 'urn, Fodder, Oa s, &r., Mules. Horses, Pork
Cattle, and F .rmmg Tools. A little of every thing
appertaining to a well conducted farm. Terms of tin
most accommodating character. The sale made in
pursuance of the last Will and Testament of William
Wriubt.ilrc.as. .1.
Any one .l -sirons ofpnrohasing privately the Farm,
can do so by addressing lhe Executor H Cassville, Ga.
AUGUSTUS R. WRIGHT, Executor.
s.-pt 22, 1847. ' W id
SALE OF NEGROES.
("1< T ARDIAN’HSALF —Pursuant to an order
M <>| the I nfe j for Court of Oglethorpe county, when
sitting for ordinary purposes, will he sold, on the first
Tuesday in January next, before I lie court-house <loor
in L'xtngton, Ga., ahoui tiny likely Negroes—men,
boys, women, girl* and children —allot which belong
to ilie minors of James Johnson, late of said county,
deceased. Sold for the benefit of the heirsand credi
tors of said estate.
J \MES T. JOHNSON, Guardian.
Ori 'be; 2.’. 1847. Wtd
Runaway Slave Sale.
SI I E RIF F’S S\ I ,E. —By order of the Inferior
Court ot Wilkes county, will be sold, on the first
Tuesday in December next, between the lawful hour'
<>t sale, at Washington, in Wilkes county, for cash, s
negro man named Robert, abaut twenty-five years of
age, dark complection, five feet ten or eleven inches
high, report* himself to twlong to Dr. Robert Wig
gins, *.t Montgomery county, State of Alabama ; said
slive being uneJaimed, sold to piy expenses.
CHRIS TOPHI R BIN NS, Sheriff.
O ; 21\ 1847.
■ .MANSION HOUSE,
Al’Gl ST\. GEORGIA. aHIL
rpilK VMDERSIuNKD, Proprietor of lh'
JL Mansion House, is yet tadiire the public in tn e
capacity ot Hotel-Keeper. Thankful always for the
smallest favors, and more than grateful for the patron
age heretofore extended towards him, he hop’s no
only I-* retain his former custom, but from his unceas
ing exertion-, and the centra! position of his house, to
have an unlimited sujiport from the
ftmuf y,) hisinteresi from birth is identified with
theirs. Tlie terms of boant will be as low as anv in
thecity. GEO. G. MA THEWS.
s2S-dbi& w6<n
WRIGHTSBORO MALE AND FE
MALE ACADEMY
HE THUS TEES have the plea-ure to announce
JL to the Patn»u*of the above institutions and the
pu »lie tnat itV’Y have agtin engaged the service# ot
Mr. C. C. RICHARD- in th. Male and Mrs. H. A.
ARNOLD m the Female Department. Their suc
cem lasi and this year, is the best commendation cun
be ma le them.
The Male Department is distinct and separate from
the ether in its focatiun. During the }>re<cnt year a
new ami complete Chemical Appira us has been
added to the Academy. These institutions, under
the sujwrinteadeuce of Mr. Richards and Mr*. H.
A. Arsold, have a celebrity not surpassed by any in
the Si ,:e. an I the advantages odenng for the next
year are ample to jxrepire uimients for anv College.
I'ho discipline »• mild, yet rigid; their industry un
tiring, and thetr experience well sustains them.
Bur i can be had in the most respeetatde families
of th* village and adjacent, at $S per month, every
thing mcluded.
Tfo- S»*l».x»| tn each Department will b?* resumed
on the 2d M.md.iv m January next.
h w m \«rx<; \i r
u2-"6 Serrvtarv of the Box rd 4 Trust*- **
HH. \ND MRS. CHAPMAN'S
BOARDING ANU DAY FOR
YOUNG LADIES
NO. 22S BROAD > THEFT. AVAR -y \ <UX >
qmus im»ti rvmon
I direciion »t tu present principals for the la>t
ni-< xc.r.s and they indulge the l*ehe\that they have
nm bceu entirely unMtccesslul in t‘.ivir mdrav«>rs t >
rammitted to their charge. The School
im livHrdtuto Primary. Junior Senior depart
ments. The cxHirse «4 instruct ( <mi embraces the u#u
al « mlie* taught tn eur higtevst female seminaries,
N
Th.- next term commence' October Ist. Pupils
ran *: r the X h at *'? * during the term,
and «ill be charged fanm the time al their entranc*
1«. B ipc.ndmg fuel and lights, SIS per
mo-e.f-! i ui.'iti f}<r quarter qf 13 ;
s 815
J
8
> <9
Teachers Wanted
npntc Till «TKKs : I IX, O1 X vox MAI E
1 I fM U E V XDEMIES
aw torm i r.M»leMd E. . . ..
scfh’oU the ensumg xear.
Person* wishing U' lake charge oi‘ cither school
I • • .X ... X F r h• rv x Esq .
PiistmMter, Lin.-dnfoi. Ga . w h n ihirtx davs from
. thrsdt.e Mr. Fleming w . u»e applicant anx m
fomia i. n desired relative to e 'her echx«4.
By ordri the B>ard of Trustee*.
M B CANTELOW < -
Bbx B Mv'v'Bß, Secretary. c£B-w3
DISSOLUTION
FWNUK COPLKTNEHSHIP her : < ex
I ng jwtaeec AtLISTKaA M» DaMKL latfirs
dax d ssolved, bv mu:-oa*
J AMES J M ALI ISTF4L
EDWARD McDANIFI
Hackarev.Ua. Na». 6 1547 a!5-w*2w
0 ITWlllziO
—
JAuyusta, 0co.:
THURSDAY MORXIXG, NOV'. 11. 1847.
Education*
The Savannah Republican makes the follow
ing suggestions to the Legislature on this im
portant subject:
“A Word to the Legislature on the Edu
cation of the People. —ln his Inaugural Address
Gov. Towns uses the following words : ‘lt will be
my <Teatest pleasure to give efficient aid to any sys
tem of intellectual and moral improvement that itiuy
be equally accessible to all classes of our citizens.’
We shall venture to make a few suggestions upon this
subject, which is of vital interest to the people ofGcor
gia.
“The defects of the present system of Common
Schools in this State, must be obvious to every one who
has ever watched its operation or its results. Infinitely
belter than none at all t it yet falls far below the amount
of benefit which it is capable of conferring if pro
perly established and sustained. The present Schools
arc not Common, but Poor School-, limited in their
range, circumscribed in their sphere of action; they
also laiior under the want of sufficient means to carry
out even the purposes for which they were organized.
This has been proved by the redent j|ction of the Grand
Jury of Chatham County, and the consequent appro
priation made by the Justices of the Inferior Cofirt, to
lend some assistance to the good cause, for whith they
both mefit the thanks of the community.
“As the present State appropriation has been de
clared by these ci>uq«etcnijudges tobe f entiiely inad
equate, ’ even for the limited objects it was intended
to embrace, the Legislature would do a great public
service by re-organizing the entire system ants put
ting it upon a i reader and firmer basis, mo i|i‘ l£
supply the educational wartm of the whole edntmuni
ty.
“The present system, which makes it a bounty, is
repulsive tQ the pride of many who would gladly edu
cate tliair children, ifit was understood to f.e a com
mon p iviltgc, not an exclusive charity. Il is the
solemn duty of the State to educate its citizens; the
only mode by which this can be done is to make the
rich contribute towards the education of the poor, by
establishing Schools common to the children of both :
this is the true Republican system, which makes edu
cation free as air or sunshine, not doled out in the
shape of alms. Unless the people of Georgia desire to
l>e left behind in the rapid march of intellectual im
provement pressing forward in other States, the Legis
lature must d -vise some better and more effectual
scheme of Public Instruction than the present. Some
more liberal system must be adopted to purge away
the ignorance which still exists in our midst, until it
shall become a rare thing in Georgia, (as it is now in
some sections of the Union) to find a citizen who can
not read and write. Yet, where that state of things
exists, there are n ne but common Schools, they hav
ing superceded all others; the son of the Governor of
the State sitting side by side on the same bench with
the child from the Ahns House, and receiving the same
instruction.
“ If any member of the Legislature desires to do a
good work, the fame of which shall endure long after
l>arty triumphs have been forgotten, let him ‘ put his
houlderto the wheel. ’ and give a Free Schoolsy’S
tem to the people of Georgia.’ ”
Oti ibis subject we have bestowed much re
flection, because of the great anxiety we have
always felt to see our native State extending the
benefits of Education to all classes of her citi
zens. While, therefore, we concur fully with
the Republican in the opinion, that the present
system is very defective, we think the greater
evil is to be ascribed rather to the character of
the country tn some sections of the Slate, than
to the system itself. Indeed, after the most ma
ture reflection we have been able to devote to
the subject, we have been led to doubt whether
any system can at presentbe adopted, that will
prove efficient in any State where the popula
tion is so sparse as in a large portion of Geor
gia.
In the pine-woods district the land is of such
a character as to forbid the existence of a dense
population, which is indispensable to aneflicieni
md well regulated system of Coinuion Schools
Hence, no ctTeclive plan can be made to apply
to that section, which is generally m the great
est nevd of that class of schools, because the
population are generally in indigent circum
stances and unable to send their children from
home to educate them. In the other sections
ot the Stale the population has been rendered
sparse by emigration, consequently the same
reason obtains against the efficiency of a com
mon school system that does in the piney woods.
Il is true, in this latter section, there is much
wealth, and a large portion of the people have
the means to educate their children—yet there
are many there, who are unable to afford their
children these advantages, and many of them
are reared up in ignorance, because there are
not schools in the immediate vicinity al which
they might derive the benefits of an education. |
It is also true, there are in this region, many
neighborhoods thatcan sustain schools, bntthere
are a great many more that cannot, and there
are not a sufficient number of children within |
the reach of any given point to form a school. |
\V hen this is the case, and the parents are not '
able to send them from home, the children must |
go uneducated. It is, therefore, apparent to '
every intelligent mind, that no system of com- I
mon schools could remedy these evils at pre- !
■ 1 I
W hat, then, is the remedy ’ That there is a '
remedy, we think there is no doubt; and al- .
though it might not prove a* efficient in some ;
s ctions of the State .is in o thers, these would
only constitute exceptions rather than objec- 1
lions to the rule. The reim jdy is to increase '
the white population of the State. This pro
cess would be naturally si <»w, but it may be
greatly facilitated by the ac ;ion of the Legisla
ture. One of the first sr«ps toward which
should he. the adoption of a liberal policy
on the part of the Legislature in granting
charters for Manufactories. The surplus capital
of the State would then seek an investment in
M innfactories, instead of. as new. in Negroes
and Land The result would be the introduction
of a large class of mechanics, ar tizansnnd opera
tives, who would rapidly cc ntribiite to deve
lope the resources of the Stat e . greatly increase
its wealth and p<»pnlation . build up cities,
towns and xithiges where there are now but
few inhabitants, andconee ntrate the great mass
of the poor population w jbin districts of coun
try where their child tv n could reap the bene
fit ol a well-regul w e d system of common
schools.
Thai such a sys <eir» can or w iii’be readily a
doptedby those aho control the destinies of the
State, we hav c serious iloubts : vet we believe
when the pla n shall have been thoroughly in
vestigated l,y the intelligent and reflecting men
ot the con ntry, it will be found to be more effi
cient an d practicable than any other, for the
education of all classes and the development
th > immense resources of the Slate.
The Democracy Moving*
The abuse of the legitimate power of the
Federal Executive, and the frequent assump
tion of authority not granted by the Constitu
tion to the President, have induce d the Senate
of the Stale of New York, to mow e in the mat
ter of amending the Constitution of the Uni
ted States. The President of the Senate.
Hon- A Lkstkk. recently offered tin* following
resolutions:
“ A*; so/rrtf. That the Sena: its in C.»n t'e*- • from this
State be ituarucied. and that the Kept wncatives in
- " to uc
best efforts to procure the proposal by Cv tigress of an
ai'.'.eiuhr.enl to the constitution oi 'he I tilted Stales,
" fetch sh dl authorize Congress -
•• I. To provide by law. that any of the officers of
S
ry. or for any subdivision or portion there,'!, sii.il! c
some subdivision tht reof; and to prescribe t. le mariner,
et such election.
‘2. 1>» i i --en'.-c by law the dura’’-.'n »f the otScial
*.. . ken the I led Slates, the durv.i si
f « oflkrial terms is n■: fixed bv the con a notion;
the cases in w ... h any such attic-r may be i rm“’‘ d
:iom ofhce beta;e the exntmt’ >n o: term r which
he shall nave been elected r appealed, the c-: Seer or
ini' mil by which, tn : :’i- manner in -a :.ich s. h ’**■**
pension er removal shall be made ; and the man ** •*
filling any vacancy .wrcasioned ‘ v anv such s.:s 3t'«-
sx«n or removal.
These resolution* w ere adopted by a vote oi’
I 'to 2
Mr Barlow offered the following additional
resolution, which was adopted bv a vote not
stated tn our exchanges: but we suppo sc by
one eq tally large with that on Mr Lkstkr'«
resolutions :
' /Crscwrec Th vt the Senator* in <'oagYe«s Yomth's
*t*te he instructed. and Representatives tn •Congress
tnxa it.» state be req tested, to use the r best efforts *.c
procure the prupsM. by l-ngrrs* of an ame n-.imeait.
the ceestiOrtMa, whisa shall prohibit the apfxvnunsnt
I>v the FreMUent, or by the Proiderit and Senate, oi
my p«‘rson who shall have been elected or appointed
i member of the Senate or of the House of Repre
sentatives in Congress, and who shall have entered
upon the discharge of his duties as such member, to
•inv office (except that of a member of the Cabinet,)
under the U. S. Government, during the term for
which he shall have been elected or appointed, or
within one year after the termination thereof”
Mr. Spencer advocated the election of Post
masters by the people whom they are to serve.
Mr. S. is a gentleman of great ability, and one
of the most conservative Whigs in the State.
In the course of the debate he said that before
Mr. McLane held the oilice of Postmaster
General, there was no such thing as changing
a subordinate Postmaster on a change of ad
ministration. But now- this had become an im
mense engine of power and corruption, and
postmasters were intimidated into a support of
the General Government. Hence, (said Mr.
Spencer.) the vast necessity that the office of
postmaster should be made elective. Air. S.
took occasion'to compliment Mr. McLane, un
der whose administration of the office of Post-
(.he said) questions relating to i
the removal of Postmasters were always refer
red to the locality where they resided.
A large number of citizens interested
in the navigation qf the great rivers and lakes
of the Union, the value of whose commerce
exceeds five hundred 'millions a year desire
some abatement in the veto power of the Pres
ident. This immense inland trade between the
several States has not received the hundreth
part of Governmental favor which has been
extended to a much smaller foreign trade.
Tens of thousands are justly indignant at this
partiality. Mr. Polk’s vetoes of all bills ma
king appropriations for the improvement ol
coasts and lakes, harbors and navigable rivers,
will go far to secure an amendment of the Con
stitution. If that is found impracticable, the
conduct of the Administration will effectually
prevent the election of a successor io continue
the disastrous policy of the present Executive.
Gov. Shui»k anti the Proviso.
While Mr. Wilmot was addressing the Her
kimer Convention, he was interrupted by a
voice inquiring how Gov. Shunk (the Gover
nor of Penn.) stood on the Proviso question?
Mr Wilmot replied that ‘‘he had heard on his
way hither—he had not seen it—that the Wash,
ington Union had proclaimed that the result of
the Pennsylvania election was a * victory over
the authors of the Wilmot Proviso!' He pro
nounced this a calumny upon the electors of
Pennsylvania, and a falsehood. As to Gov.
Shunk, he was not authorized to make any
statement for him: but he believed, and had
every reason to believe, except that of a person
al and explicit assurance, that Gov. Shunk was
with us on this great question. Mr. Buchan
an’s compromise had met with no response
from the Democrats of Pennsylvania.”
Whenever this gentleman, so distinguished
as a federalist of the bluest die in the war of
1812, shall be a candidate fur the Presidency, it
will be seen that not one free Stale will sustain
by its vote, his compromise scheme. His De
mocracy is regarded with too much suspicion,
being at best hut an eleventh hour conversion,
looking ever in the direction of political power
and patronage, first by deserting the Federal
party, and now the Northern Democracy, to
curry favor with that of the South. Suppose
he was a Southern politician and had deserted
her interest*, or what nine-tenths of the people
regarded as such. What chance would he stand
of carrying the vote of a single State South of
Maryland ' Just none at all Such is hi- posi
tion al the .Nor Ji. Nur is that of Mr. Dallas
a whit better.
Letters on Slavery*
The Federal Union has commenced the pub
lication of .1 series of letters on slavery address
ed to the Hon. Whifmarsh B. Seabrook.
and “written by a distinguished son of Geor
gia, a resident of the seaboard.” The author
remarked at the commencement, that he is
“past” his “70th year,” and adds:
“From vouth to age, my life has been a life of
solituib*; I soon imbibed a deep, and almost a religions
veneration for the past. I have lived until I feel dis
gust, almost abhorrence lor the present.”
Does such “ a life of solitude,” such “feel
ings of disgust, almost abhorrence for the pre
sent,” duly qualify one to judge impartially of
the wisdom, the wishes and the hopes, of a later
generation f
If society was retrogressive—returning to its
condition seventy years ago —this gentleman,
who has so “ deep a veneration for the past,”
would make a capital pilot to direct the Ship of
State into the desired haven. But. alas, no
measure of disgust for the present, no dread of
the future, can prevent the approach of that
future, bring what it may.
The young are full of hope. This hope will
hardly fail to realize much of the good which
it so ardently struggles to attain. Better hope
with the young, than weep, or cherish feelings
as “ abhorrence” w ith the old.
Rights of Unmarried Females.-In the Sen
ate Mr. Terrell of Hancock offered a resolu
tion to appoint a select committee to inquire
into the expediency of passing a law to secure
certain rights to unmarried females, i&c., w hich
was read and agreed to. Messrs. Tt rrell. Glenn
and Williamson were appointed that commit
tee.
The Genius of Liberty ot V era Cruz
says that the Mexican Government hasdecreed
a curiously wrought sword to the man who
killed Capt. Walker.
Emory College.
\V e h ive received a catalogue of the Offi
cers. Alumni and Students of this institution,
indicating, we are gratified to perceive, that the
College is in a very flourishing condition, from
which we condense the following information :
Faculty.— Rev. A. B. Longstreet. 1..L.P.. Presi- i
dent, and Professor of English Literature; Rev. Alex, j
Means, A.M., M.l>., Professor of Physical Science; |
Rev. George W. Lane, A.M . Professor of Ancient
Languages; Rev. O. L. Snath. A.M , Adjunct Pro
fessor of Languages; Rev. Lucius L. W illicit, AM.
Professor (elect) of .Mathematics: Mr. Wesley W.
Thomas, A.M.. Tutor in Mathematics; Mr. Wm. B.
Meritt, A.8.. Principal of the Preparatory S bool.
NuMBEB OF Students. —Senior Class, 19; Junior
Class, 24; Sophomore Class. 33; Freshman Class,
15; Irregulais, 16; Total, 107.
Terms. —The first Collegiate Term commences on
the thud 'I mday in August, and closes on the first
Wednesday »n December.
The second Collegiate Term commences on the
third Wednesday in January, and closes on Wednes
day, after the third Monday m July, which is Com
l menceiuent day.
Expenses.— Tuition, $44 per Board c m
be hail, including washing, fuel, &c., at Iro n $9 to
sl2 per month. T-uti mis required in advance.
Pbspaba by Sen l.—This S lis
i ed with Einorv C.-I lege. and is under the charge of
| W i. B. Merritt. A.B.
The Terms commence and end at the same time
< with those in the College. Tuition for Languages.
; $33 per annum ; i >r English studies. $25 per annum.
, U. S. A Spring
- ■ S gfield U. S
I Armory for the mm tfarture of Arms and Ma
chinery for the year ending June 3d.h. 1*47.
was $162,537.65. The fabrications during the
vear were as follows. \iz :
<4.300 M -x ’ts i $lO 5’3 21-1005151,039 10
201 M .sketoons at sll 2,2 1 0
2 '.O-i6 Screw-Priver« at 17c•• • 4.427 *2
. \ a 25c 515 7s
Wi| a ’. - - . 71 23
2 009 Bid-Screws at 15c •• • • • 301 30
6.33* C >!ir< (extra) at *c • • ■ 5?7 04
50 Vent Picks at 2c 100
?'I • $
1097 Anns Chests at $3 3,291 00
24 Psrk;U Boxes »t $1 ... ... . ... , 24 i»0
* " .
M I i.-
$172,537
The Locofoc ■■ p.i- ere in the S > ith an
•’g over the re-election of Mr Sbunk as
Gx’vernor ot Pennsylvania. Have they _f<w
that he gave his sanction to a law making
7; pc nal to enforce, within the limits of Penn
<vh.ioia the act of Congress, passed in pursu
ance .of the Constitution, with the view of en
abling Southern s.-tveheidera to recover the r
fugitive slaves find.ng refuge there ’
vt2«« Aux Oi-oXs
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 17, 1847.
3.ugustci, (Phi.:
FRIDAY MORNING. NOV. 13, 1847.
A Mistaken Policy.
’• The growers of cotton are now sadly and almost
ruinously experiencing the effects of the fatal stand
ird policy of the existing Administration and the De
mocratic party, in v aging an untiring and biiter cru
sade against the cotton manufacturers of the United
States—of their own country. It has been a matter
of great astonishment to us for many years, that the
south, which alone furnishes the raw cotion, should
also furnish so considerable a resistance to the build
ing up in our country of a great system of home ma
nufactures, and in consequence a great home market
for her cotton, wholly independent of Great Britain or
any other country, and not subject to and dependent
on their policy on the one hand, or to be ruined or
threatened by their disasters and revulsions on the
other. That it is so now, the most plainly informed
and shortsighted can bqt perceive and admit. —
Memphis Eagle.
The truths expressed in the above para
graph. cannot be too generally disseminated
among the people of the Cotton-growring
States. They already have the benefit of a
home.demand equal to the consumption of
half a million of bales. Double this amount,
which, under the fostering influence of the
tariff* of 1842, would soon have - taken olape,
and the Planters of the South would now*
4>e receiving from ten to fifteef per cent,
higher prices for their great The
depreciation which they now suffer from the
failures of English houses is all subtracted from
the profits on the crop. If the nett profits on
this, at ihe prices which obtained eight weeks
since, were three cents a pound to the producer,
a decline of two cents, obviously deprives him
of two-thirds of his available income. This is
an immense loss, not only to the growers of
cotton, but to the w’hole community. Why,
then, do Americans, and especially planters,
seek to destroy the infant manufactures of the
South by denying them the benefits of protec
tion ? Well does the Eagle remark :
Not only does British policy seek to monopolize
the immense trade an<l wealth liowingfroin the manu
factures of our Southerncottnn staple, but all her moral,
civil and political enginery have fiir years been labo
riously exerted to effect the destruction and extinction
of the labor of the Southern plantei—his slaves.
And yet this is the jieople an<l this the nation, which
our democratic rulers and party, and even men of the
South, are actually favoring by our national laws and
policy, to the detriment of our own manufacturers, our
own people, and our own, aye, we repeat it, our own
Planting interes*.”
The signal success which has attended the
operations of the few cotton mills already es
tablished in this quarter of the Union, furnishes
abundant evidence uiat with due encourage
ment, the South can easily add four-fold to the
value of her cotton crop, by working up the sta
ple into all fabrics made of cotton. She has
rapid streams, admirably adapted to the w. rk
of driving any amount of machinery. Her
agriculturists greatly need the advantage ol
large villages and cities to consume the surplus
products of the soil—to create a reliable home
market for fresh meats, bacon, wheat, corn,
garden vegetables, butter, eggs, fruit, and a
thousand other things which the farmer can pro
fitably furnish. Why will our Democratic
friends persist in opposing the extension >f me
chanical industry at the South ? Why maintain
a mistaken policy, which places the great agri
cultural interest ofthe cotton growing States,
completely at the mercy of British abolitionists/
Instead of try ing to bring the Mexicans into the
Union as citizen voters, and to destroy home
manufactures that those of England may con
trol the price of cotton, as well as ofcolton fa
brics, would it not he wiser to let the Mexicans
stay out of the I nion, and build up manufac
tures in the cotton growing States ?
In our view of the subject, the South has
everything to gain by fostering mechanical in
dustry, and making her water power create
millions of money ; and everything to lose by
extending the culture of cotton from the Nueces
to the Pacific, and bringing twenty-four free
Mexican States into the Federal Union.
Ship (anal Across the Peninsula of
Florida.
A writer in the Apalachicola Advertiser,
urges with great force of reasoning, the pro
priety of uniting the waters of the Gulf with
those of the Atlantic, by means of a canal
across the peninsula of Florida. The route
proposed is by the Withlacoochee river, which
empties into the Gulf, and the St. Johns, which
falls into the Atlantic ocean. He says that
••the distance between the navigable waters of
the Withlacoochee to Silver Springs, the high
est point of navigation on the St. John’s in that
direction, is reported to be only seventecn miles.
The greatest elevation above the level of the
sea is only eighty-seven fret. The geological
character of the route is marsh, alternating
with sandy marl This formation lies upon a
sub-stratum of soft limestone. Thus it ap
pears. that the earth may be very easily re
moved throughout the whole course of this
route. There is not the slightest reason to
dread the effects of any quick-sands preventing
the accomplishment of this work: for should
the channel strike any Led of quick-sand, there
is an abundance of timber all along the route,
of which effectual and durable curbing may be
made.”
The expense of the work is estimated at on
ly half a million of dollars. The writer claims
that the profits would he almost incalculable.
A vessel from ihe Gulf carrying a thousand
bales of cotton, has to pay from three to five
hundred dollars insurance, more than a vessel
clearing from the port of Charleston or Savan
nah. This channel would bring down rates of
insurance, and receive from two to three hun
dred dollars for every thousand bales of cotton
passing through it.
Culture of the Sugar Cane. —The an
nexed letter from a highly intelligent planter in
Florida, accompanied by a very large stalk of
superior Sugar Cane, says the Savannah Re
publican. reached us but a short lime since. \\ e
published the letter, as its suggestions are val
uable. and well worthy the consideration of
those planters whose location and lands will
permit the experiment of the culture of the
Cane. To our friends in Florida, the sug
gestion should specially commend itself for
they have facility of soil, climate, and position,
to render them competitors with Louisiana!!!
the culture of this Southern product.
Correspondence Savannah Republican-
Sr. Augustine, Oct 15. 1847.
Clcntlcmen :— I send yon herewith a cane
stalk as an average specimen ofthe production
ofFionda pine land. The cane sent, you will
perceive, is large, well formed, and has twen
tv joints, and is well matured, even at this ear
ly season—lsth of October. The cane was
raised by Mr. Masters, a few miles north of St.
Augii’itme. on cow penned land, and many
stalks have twenty-three and twenty-four joints.
Sugar can be cultivated profitable by every
small planter in the country, and is a far more
certain and profitable crop than cotton. It oc
cupies less room and requires no extra hand*,
li the small planters would cultivate it for its
surplus, instead of mere home consumption. '
Florida could supply a large portion of the
United Slates. Let every small planter be sat-
I’-fivii to send to market his five. ten. or twenty
barrels, and the quantity sent to market would
be very great, and moreover Sugar manufac
tured in this way is much better manufactured
than wiih all the contingencies of extensive
works. The cane matures here much earlier
than m Louisiana, as you will perceive by the
specimen sent. \ ours, respectfully.
Legislature of New York.—The complete
returns published by the Albany Argus show
the following to be the state of parties in die
next Legislature of New York:
Whigs. Dem. .
In the Senate 24 ?
In t!ie H of Representatives-94 33
118 41
■ Whig majority on joint ballot, seventy-seven '
Arkansas and New Jersey have been added
:othe list of States m which the 25th instant is
to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. So
has Georgia
Patrons and Subscribers.
Under this head the Raleigh Register makes
he following sensible and just remarks, which
should be read by every man who takes a news
paper:
Subscribers to newspapers are divided into
two classes—cnstoiyers and patrons. This, be
it remembered, is a distinction which we do not
claim the merit of forming, as it is made by
themselves. But, since our worthy friends
have ranged tliemsehres under these different
heads, it is very natural that we should be sen
sible of the distinctive peculiarities of each.—
Under the denomination of customers, are in
cluded all those who, when they pay for a pa
per, expect the worth of their money, as pro
mised in the terms of subscription. This obli
gation being fulfilled, they have no more idea
thata favor is received on either side, than does
the buyer of merchandize, who pays for his
purchases and has sent home. They
are “ honorable meh,” and though we hope
they are satisfied with, what they receive from
us in exchange, we are not such churls, as to
withhold from them our thanks and kind
feelings to boot. _ ;
Patrons are a.class of subscribers, who make
higher pretensions. They consider that by
subscribing to a newspaper, they confer on the
publishers a favor too great to be easily repaid
Paying a subscription ip advance, is considered
by many ’.highly hn^easoliable. Now, unless
each number of a paid for when re-
ceiveti, either the pyjHßb’; work or the work
itself, must be furh hdvanch t 7ihd the
latter alternative is much more against the pub
lisher than the former is inconvenient to the
subscriber. Each subscriber can belter afford
to pay yearly, in advance, than the Editor can
to credit a heavy amount to a host of scattered
individuals, most of whom are of course un
known to him.
The most extensively circulated of the Eng
lish papers, owe their prosperity to the plan of
rigidly exacting payment before their papers
leave the office, thereby securing the means of
giving them ample support. Numbers of Ame
rican papers, on the contrary, which at their com
mencement bid fairto be an honor to the country
have, in a few years dwindled and died. Pa
trons may aid the starting of a paper; but cus
tomers must sustain it. Patrons are a vascilla
ting description of people, who are constantly
changing their subscriplions from one paper to
another —customers are solid, steady friends,
whom you find on your list year after year, al
ways with the word paid after their names.—
Patrons will slop their subscription on the
slightest provocation —customers will sli< k to
you like wax Patrons expect you to open
your columns to any communication they may
send you—customers will expect you to be
governed by your own judgment in all such
matters. Patrons will quarrel with yon for
advocating or opposing any measure in which
they may happen to be interested —customers
will respect yon for pursuing an independent
course.”
A ‘‘Norther.’’
The city of Vera Cruz was visited by a se
vere “ Norther” during the whole of the last
week in October. To avoid going ashore at
Sacrfficios, the steamer New Orleans had to
generate steam by burning nearly all of her
furniture. The lack of harbors on the Mexi
can coast, places all shipping there in imminent
peril during the tremendous gales to which it is
subject.
Georgia Railroad. —Coiiqxirative statement of
the business ofthe Georgia Rail Road, for the month
of October, 164 G and 1847 :
1846. 1847. Increase.
Passengers •• • ..815,211 97 $12,561 60 82.650 37
Freight and Mail 35,671 36 36,432 31 dec. 760 95
850,883 33 848,993 91 $1,889 42
Lieut. Selick.
Although Augusta has much cause to pride
herself upon the gallantry and noble bearing
of her native sons on numerous fields in Mex
ico, we are quite sure she will recur Io no act
of either of them, with more unalloyed plea
sure than to that of Lieut. Selick, ofthe S. C.
Regiment, related in the following extract from
the correspondence of the St. Louis Republi
can The writer, after noticing the storming of
Chapultepec, and the fact that the first flag
hoisted upon its walls was by one ofthe New
York regiment, jiroceeds:
Immediately on taking Chapultepec, and as soon as
his division could be formed and resupplied with am
munition, Gen Quitman advanced upon the city by
the way ot the Chapultepec causeway. This was the
m<»»t direct route to the city, immediately in range of
the heaviest batteries and the citadel of the enemy in
thecity, and where the enemy had the principal por
tion of his force posted. 'Die fire was concede*!, by
all who participated in or witnessed the struggle, to be
the most severe and incessant that ever a body of men
advanced under, in any war of which history furnish
es an account. The several batteries of the enemy
thrown across tlie causeway were severally attacked
and carried. Gen. Quitman always leading in the ad
vance. Next he charged upon the Garita de Belen,
(the gate of Belen,) the main entrance into the city,
and at twenty minutes past one o’clock carried it, and
took a positi -n within the city of Mexi:o. When our
advance first reached the garita, there being no flag
among them, Gen. Quitman took a large silk rod
handkerchief, and, fastening it to the top of a rifle,
waved it i:i triumph from the wallsof thecity. A few
moments afterwards, however, the color company of
the South Carolina regiment came up, when Lieut.
Selk K, of that regiment, run up the Palmetto colors,
by order of Gen. Quitman, from a small building neat
it, and while gallantly waving it amid the shoutsand
huzzas of the entire division, he was severely wound
ed in the thigh. Thus it will be seen that both from
the citadel of Chapultepec and from the wails of the
city of Mexico, the first American standards that were
given to the winds were those of two citizen soldier
regiments —the New York and South Carolina, and
both of Gen. Shields’s brig ade.
Letter from Mr. Van Burf.n.—The editor
of the Wilkesbarre (Pa.) Farmer recently
wrote a letter to Mr. Van Buren, announcing
his desire to nominate him as a candidate for
the Presidency in I'4B. Mr. Van Buren wrote
a reply, dated at Lindenwold, Oct. 20, 1847. in
which, after stating his sense of the honor in
tended to be done him, he says:
Nevertheless. I assure yon that whatever may
have been my aspirations at other periods of
my life. I have no desire to re-occtipy that most
elevated public station. I have already, by the
partiality of my countrymen, partaken very
largely of the enjoyments of public life, whilst
1 have not shunned its labors, or been exempt
from its inquietudes. The favors and honors
w hich have been profusely bestowed on me.
by the •emocracy ofthe Union, are. and I
trust will ever be. present to my mind and
gratefully impressed on my heart. Every day
more and more confirmed in the soundness of
the political opinions to which I have adhered,
conscious of having always done my duty to
the people to the best of tny ability, having no
heartburnings to be allayed, and no resent
ments to be gratified by a restoration to power,
and finding my present position entirely adapt
ed to my taste and disposition. I am sincerely
and heartily desirous to wear the honors and
enjoyments of private life, uninterruptedly to
the end.
The Columbus Railroad,
Our fellow-citizens appear to be in earnest
about occomplishing the work of Internal Im
provement which is to connect us with the At
lantic and the Cherokee country. On Satur
day evening, at the call of the .May or, a large ■
public meeting assembled at the Court House, j
and having called Dr. Robert A. Ware to the j
Chair, proceeded to the business of the eve- i
ning. The meeting w;ts addressed by Col. John
Banks. Mayor Williams, M. Torrance, Gen.
McDougald and L. B. Moody.and Resolutions
adopted requesting the City Council to sub
scribe for Fifteen Hundred Shares in the Stock
of Muscogee Railroad Company, payable in;
bonds of the city . redeemable after 1852, at an
annual interest of 7 per cent per annum. At a
meeting of Council on yesterday, a resolution j
was passed, in compliance with the request of ;
the public meeting, instructing a committee i
consHting ofthe .Mayor, and five Aidermen. to
report to Council on to-day an ordinance, de- t
smn iting ’he ways and means mo>t appropriate
to raise the fundsand redeem the issues.
Whilst on this subject, we will take the liber
ty of suggesting that our Inferior Court might
probably at this time, subscribe for twenty oC
thirty thousand dollars’ worth ot the stock. The !
county, by the prudent management of its fi- 1
nance*, is clear of deb:: and it strikes us that
as the whole people of the country are imme
diately interested tn the project, there could be
no reasonable objection thus to appropriate a
portion of the common land. This may be a
, new idea to some of our citizens, but it is one
which we trust will be duly considered by the
guardian* of the interests ot the county. If
I the stock should prove valuable— and every
thinking man so regards the prospect—such an
| investment will in future relieve the people of
I a portion of the burden of their taxes. The
! prospect has never been so fair that the Road
would be built as at this time. It it is to be done.
I let it now be done.— Columbus Enquirer, 2nd
Hit.
The Washington Union states that nothing in
the shape of despatches has yet been received
from Gen Scott
A Melancholy Tale of Wo—The sJiip
Lord Ashburton, which left Liverpool on the
J3th of September, arrived at Grosse Isle,
below Quebec, on Thursday, having lost on
her passage One Hundred and Seven of her
passengers by fever and dysentery, with a large
number still on the sick fist.
The following distressing particulars we copy
from the Quebec Mercury :
To any one conversant with the climate ot
Canada, the facts we are about to cite will
prove how little regard for human fife has been
had by the inhuman landlords of Ireland and
the parochial authorities ol the leading seaports
of Great Britain.
On Saturday last, the 30th day of October, the
Lord Ashburton, a vessel from Liverpool,
freighted with a general cargo, and passengers,
arrived at Grosse Isle, in a most wretched state.
When sailing* her passengers numbered 475
steerage and 2 cabin. Before her arrival at
quarantine station she had lost upwards q/* one
hundred and seven, of dysentery and fever, and
about sixty of the remaining passengers were then
ill of the same complaint. So deplorable was
‘he condition of those on board, that five of the
passengers had to remain to work the ship up
from Grosse Isle.
A steamer, the Alliance, was sent down for
them, and on board her all were embarked,
without respect to circumstances —the sickly,
the healthy, the tottering, and the dying ! On
her way up from Grosse Isle to Quebec five
deaths occurred; how many will have taken
place before she reaches Montreal ?
New-York and Charleston Steam Pack
ets. —We have learned from private source*,
that the announcement ofthe building of two
more steam packets, to ply between New-
York and Charleston, published in our paper
of 2d inst., on the authority of the Courier &
Enquirer was premature. The project, if we
are correctly informed, was enter ained and
the initiatory steps taken in the matter —but as
yet no actual subscriptionshave been obtained,
sufficient to warrant the belief that this project
will be carried into effect; and consequently
that there is no prospect of any new sea steam
ers being placed on the fine during the ensuing
summer.
We make this statement a matter of duty,
having given currency to the report that two
large new steamers were to be immediately
commenced, and promptly placed in the trade.
We should be pleased to hear from some ofthe
New York editors on the subject.— Ch. Cour.
Battle of Ul amantla. —We have had the
pleasure of reading a letter from Lieut. Clai
borne, of Capt. Walker’s Company of Mount
ed Riflemen, written to a relation in this city,
from Puebla, of date 15th of October, in refer
ence to the battle at Iliiamanlla, in which Capt.
Walker was killed. Lieut. Clairborne acted
as adjutant of the comm ind of 600 men which
attacked Iliiamanlla. The Mexicans, to the
number of 2500, under Gen. Santa Anna, at
tacked the small force of Americans, and were
signally defeated—losing two cannons, and hav
ing a large number of killed and wounded.—
A’. O. Delta.
Election of Judges by the People.—A
proposition has been made in the Legislature
of Tennessee to amend the Constitution so as to
give the election of Judges and Attorney-Gen
erals to the people. The Nashville Union ap
prove* the proposed change, and advocates it
in an extended article.
The Planet Mars.—Every body must have
been for a long time past struck with the unu
sual brilliancy of this beautiful planet in the
east. On Sunday it came in opposition to the
sun, and it is now several millions of miles
nearer to ns than it will he again for many
years. When nearest its distance was about 43
millions of miles. On the 23th of September,
1848, when most remote, its distance will he
five and a half times as great, or about 249 mil
lions ; and on December 12th. 1849, when
again nearest to us. the distance of this planet
will be about 55 millions, or about 12 millions
of mile* greater than at the present time. Its
bri liancy. therefore, at the opposition of De
cember. 1849. will be much less than thatat the
opposition of October. 1817.
Death of Dissecting Wound. —A young
gentleman named Crawford, a son ofthe late
Hon. W IL Crawford, of Georgia and a mem
ber of the Jefferson Medical School of Phila
delphia, came to hi* death a few days ago, in
that city, from the effects of a slight puncture
received in one of his hands, whilst engaged in
dissecting. We cannot but remark how com
mon such occurrences have become of late
years.
Squeezing Blood out of a Turnip.—This
process.of which we believe no successful ex
periment is on record, is to beatempted by Mr.
Polk in the conduct of the Mexican war. Af
ter saying that the war shall be prosecuted un
til Mexico sues for peace—which means for
ever—the Union says:
“ We suppose it will now be regarded throughout
our country as a settled |»oint that the war n ust, to the
fullest practicable extent, be henceforth waged at the
expense of Mexico. She has elected to renew it, and
she must bear much of its burdens. She must be
made to feel the weight of military contributions,
under the rigor of martial law, in her provinces
and in her cities.''
Mexico is unable to support her own army,
though her soldiers can live on parched corn
and cold water. Where the money is to come
from to support the invading army, we think it
will greatly puzzle Mr. Polk to find. Waddy
Thompson says that there are not twenty ricii
men in Mexico; that the chief property of the
country consists in houses and lands, which no
one will buy at a tenth of their value, and in
jewels and the precious metals, which belong to
the churches, and which can easily be secreted.
How, out of these materials, can the expenses
ot’ the war be wrung ? Mexico could not
raise the revenue necessary to support our ar
my if her Government was organized, the peo
ple contented. and the country prosperous and
at peace. How absurd to talk of her raising
it as she is now, with no Government, no com
merce. no industry, and with none of the
sources of public wealth. — Providence Journal.
Wilmot and his Proviso. —3 r. Wilmot i*
on a cru*ade in New York, in defence of his
proviso, in the paternity of which he indignant
ly denies that the Whigs had an) participation
—a fact to which we respectfully call ihe atten
tion of the Fredericksburg Recorder. At
Poughkeepsie. Mr Wilmot stated that the pro
viso was exclusively a Democratic move
ment. and that not ten Whig members of Con
gress were aware of its existence at the time he
brought i*. before the House.’’ He added,
that, ‘on its first passage in the House crery
Democratic member from the Free States,
except two, voted for it;” but, before the
second vote was taken, he said, as Randolph
once said ofsome of the Crawford men, a lew of
them were bought up or whipped in— “the se
cret spring of power (he says,) having been
touched bv an unseen hand, and the driver s lash
having been applied to their servile backs.
Such i* the testimony of a Locofoco ol high
standing—one whose re-election to Congress
occasioned shout* of rejoicing from hi* ’'na
tural allies” of the South ! — Richmond Whig.
Gen. Taylor.—The Washington Union of
Saturday night says:
It is understood that Gen. Taylor —who has
been absent from his family and private busi
ness for more than two year* and a halt, and
during the whole of that time bas been engaged
in the most important and arduous duties—has
asked for leave of absence to return to the Uni
ted States for six month*.
His letter to that effect was received by the
Adjutant Genera! veslerday evening; in the
course ot which Gen. Ta) lor states that he
thinks, in consequence oi the present charac-
■ ter ofthe war, hi* services may not be wanted
jal this time. He purposes to remove to Mata
moros earlv th'n month, where he awaits tne
: answer of the Government, and expresses a de
sire to be m New-Orleans by the nrst oi De
cember. , ,
We understand that the leave of absence ha- j
been granted to him ; and we have no doubt |
that if events should arise to call i«»r his ser
! vices on that frontier, he will fly io place him
self at the head of his gallant army.
Transatlantic Postage.—The \\ ashington
: Union has the following official annunciation ;
POSTOFFICB D-PARTMENI. > Xl4l .
Th- British Government having seen ht to charge
with f.,l postaae aeroas the Allant.c the ma.l -uauer
which was actually conveyed across it by the I .ule J
§ - ■
' as a measure of sell-protection, that this govt-rntneio
i should take the steps therein authorized, tor tenniua-
I tin* th*- subsisting arrangement foj:ween the two
I conntrzs. in relation as well to Brn.sh .n tran
i sit tiir nigh this country for their cokx-ial possesion on
‘ this c-’nuneni, as the ordinary mail intercourse br-
■ tween those possessions and the United Stales 1 bis
i was accordingly done; and those arrmgemeau wm,
| m consequence, teriminate on the ,la > ••*-
present month. , , w
Th- necessary result will be. that on and a ,er Oie
sixteenth instant, no mail matter destined i >r any oi
th#* British possessions on this continent. w..i ->e p- r
’ mined to leave the United States, unless the Lusted
States postage thereon i* prev! Hislv fully paid.
Cave Johnson. Postmaster Genera..
Mr. Clay—The War.—The Lexington
' Observer contains a call for a public meeting.
! and add* :
= • We are authorized to say Mr. Clay wiiiad-
’ ’ dress the meeting on the subjects ol jhe exist-
. mg War with Mexico, the conquest ot Mexico
i j its annexation to the United States. &c.. an
i will present resolutions tor the consideration
I of the meeting-**
□Vugnsta, ©a.:
SATURDAY MORNING, NOV. 13, 1847.
Annual Report of tlxe Chief-Engineer.
The reader will find this interesting docu
ment in our paper of to day. The Report
shows that the Railroad is in a prosperous con
dition, and promises the most auspicious re
sults in future. The recommendation of the
Engineer to reduce the charge for freight, we
regard as indicating a sound policy for the
State, having an eye to revenue alone. His
remarks against a reduction of the charge for
passengers, except during a few months in the
sickly season of the year, are not so satisfac
tory. As the success of the railroad system,
and the utility of these public works depend
in a good degree on the economy and skill with
which they are managed, the question ofthe
price of freight and charge for passengers is
obviously one of paramount importance.
The condition of the Cherokee country in
Georgia, at this time, very much resembles that
of Western New Y'ork in 1825, when the Erie
Canal was completed. The former has this
advantage: itis2oo miles fearer the seaboard.
Cheap travel and cheap transportation soon
gave a few counties in Western New York a
rural population of 400,000 souls. These in
dustrious cultivators of a virgin soil paid the
first cost of the Erie Canal in a few years, and
added one hundred millions to the taxable pro
perty of the State. Can nothing of this kind
be done in Northern Georgia ? A line of
steamers from Savannah to New York, with
cheap travel and cheaper freight between North
ern Georgia and the great markets of the
world, whence immigrants are to cotne. will
do for the Cherokee country what the Erie
Canal has done for Western New York. Pur
sue a wise and liberal policy in tiie management
of railroads, and the fact will soon be evident
that the farming lands in Central and Northern
Georgia are increased four-fold in value by rea
son of these public works.
By a system of low tolls, the Treasury of the
State of New-York will receive this season a
tribute of over two millions of dollars from the
citizens of other States, who send their pro
duce to market, and obtain their imports
through New-York canals. The revenue of
the Erie Canal this year, will be about fifty per
cent on the original cost of the work. It took
twenty years to persuade the people of that
State, that sound financial policy required a
reduction of tolls on Western corn below eight
cents a bushel, for passing through a canal 364
miles in length. With tolls at eight cents(omit
ting fractions) the revenue from corn in 1845
was about $2,400. With tolls at four cents, in
1847, the revenue will not be far from one hun
dred times \hu.t sum pn\d on corn by the corn
growers ofthe West. Since the opening ofthe
Erie Canal on the 10th of May last, more Wes
tern corn has passed through it than has gone
down the Mississippi in fifteen months. Most
of this grain was drawn to the Hudson river
from the tributaries of the Mississippi. The
quantity which had arrived at tide water at Al
bany and Troy on the 30th October was 5,699,-
387 bushels. The business of transporting this
gain to market is about twice as large per bu
shel as that of raising it. That is, a bushel of
corn which is worth 20 cents on the Wabash is
worth 60 in New-York, giving to the carriers
two-thirds ofthe price in market.
If we mistake not there is some corn grown in
Tennessee, and a little in Kentucky. If the
State of New-Y ork, by a canal 364 miles in
length, can command an annual tribute of two
millions from the grain growing States of the
Southwest, or West, can the enterprising and
intelligent citizens ofGeorgiado nothing of the
kind through her Railroads, which shall tap
Alabama. Tennessee, Kentucky and the upper
valley ofthe Father of Waters ? It would take
very little statistical research to demonstrate the
ability of Tennessee and Kentucky alone, to
send ten millions of bushels of kiln-dried meal
to the Southern Atlantic coast for export every
year. Great improvements have recently been
made in preparing this important article for
distant markets, so that it w ill keep without in
jury. Os this we will take another occasion
to speak.
Let us suppose the State of Georgia (having
decided to construct a railway from Savannah
to the Tennessee river) prepares herself to
transport ten millions of bushels of corn, or
their equivalent in meal, a year, at sixteen cents
a bushel. How much income will she receive
for her labor ? One million six hundred thou
sand dollars. Six hundred thousand of which
will pay all expenses, and leave a million for
interest. All the other agricultural products
will equal, and more than equal, in tonnage,
that of corn. This is down freight. Every
body knows that the weightier exports of a
region always draw the import trade through
the same channel. The revenue derived from
the up trade, or return freight of boats leaving
tide-water, on the Erie Canal, is about two
thirds as large as that on down freight.
We have long believed that this State po«
sesses great commercial advantages. The ob
structions in the Savannah between the city
and the ocean ought to be removed by the
General Govenment without farther delay
Indeed, the navigation of the river up to this
city deserves the attention of Congress, and
something better than Mr. Polk’s vetoes. —
There is away to give the city of Savannah a
population of 100,000 souls; and to Augusta
an equal number—the former by Commerce,
the latter by Manufactures.
Massachusetts Election.—The New Y’ork
papers of Tuesday morning contain partial re
turns, by telegraph, of the election in Massa
chusetts on Monday, for Governor and Legis
lature. There is probably no choice of Gov
ernor by the people, though Mr. Cushing, the
democratic candidate has a largely increased
vote. The Legislature is undoubtedly whig in
both branches. The Whig majority in Boston
is 1.114 over all others.
Well Said.—The following good-humored
hit at the dissentions of the Whigs of the Ten
nessee Legislature, is from the LaGrange Re
porter :
Elected at Last.—The Legislature of Ten
nessee have had seven ballotings for a United
States Senator : and, according to accounts,
has elected an office-seekinsr fellow, who has
supplicated the public suffrage for the last—
Gracious Goodness knows how long. At the
last balloting, the vote stood thus:
R ese, 15 | Tripp, 19
Netherland, 16 ■ Scattering. 49
Mr. Reese is behind all. notwithstanding Mr.
Netherland is evidently in the ground. Mr.
Tripp will be denied a trip to W ashingion, and
Mr. Scattering will be well rewarded for his
long and untiring perseverance. There were
too many candidates, at first—and we are glad
that the Legislature has made a Scattering
among them.
Wisconsin. —We learn from the Madison
Express of Oct. 26, that a bill in relation to the
formation of a State Government had passed
the Council, as was then before the House. It
provides that an election for Delegate* be held
on the 30th of November; that the number of
the Convention be 62: that it meet on the third
Wedne*day of December; tiiat-i census ofthe
Territory be immediately taken ; and that the
Governor be authorized to order the election
of anew Convention in case the Constitution
shall be rejected by the people.
Cincinnati, Nov. 9, p. M.— Passage of
Com Stockton on to Washington—Great Fresh
et and Damage — Corn. Stockton, who has just
arrived from California, passed up the river
’.his morning on his way to Washington. His
vnit there doubtless has some connection with
the Fremont trial.
There has been another ffreat freshet here,
and the White Water river has risen tremen
dously. On the White Water canal, the feeder
dam and embankment, at Harrison, are washed
away.— Haitimors Sun.
VOL. LXI.--NEW SERIES, VOL. XI., NO. 46.
WESTERN & ATLANTIC RAILROAD.
Report ofthe Chief Engineer.
Engineer’s Office, ?
Atlanta, Oct. 25th, 1847. )
His Excellency Geo W. Crawford :
Sir:— lt is with feelings of no common satis
faction that I submit the following Report of
the business, condition and prospects of the
Western & Atlantic Rail Road.
The experiment has been fairly made and
the ultimate and complete success of this great
work is no longer a problem. Every day adds
to the extent of country discharging its surplus
and receiving its supplies through this chan
nel. This trade, although still burthened with
the heavy tax of thirty-five miles of the trans
portation by wagons, to'reach the great feeder,
the Tennessee river, has already far exceeded
the anticipations of the most sanguine friend.*
of the Road, It is now evident that a work,
which was looked upon by many as valuable
chiefly for its indirect effect on the agricultu
ral, commercial and political prosperity of
the State, is destined to become a great source
of revenue. It must be remembered that the
work is still incomplete and its present receipt*
must bear a very small proportion to what may
be expected when it is carried to its original
destination.
The net profits of the year have been $37,-
806. 93. It is believed that the current ex
penses of the Road will compare favorably with
those of any road doing the same amount of
business. The per centage of these expenses
must always be large when Uie business is small,
and as the one increases the other will decrease.
The cost of maintaining the road has been
greatly increased by the total inadequacy of
locomotive power. Two of the engines in
use, were bought second hand at a reduced
price—the constant service required of them
was such as the very best new machines could
not have sustained, and as might be expected,
the repairs on them have been very costly.
Few engines have ever performed better ser
vice than those, under more disadvantageous
circumstances. Since the purchase, one of
them has run 42,377 miles, and the other
39,921 miles —and they have been in constant
use. never going into the shop for repair as
long as they could be kept on the road. It was
not possible to repair each defect as soon as
discovered, as sound policy would dictate, since
there was no engine to substitute for either of
them. There have been few periods within
the last year, when it was not necessary to hire
one and often two locomotives. And even
that expedient could not secure the important
end of having, in each case, the machine best
adapted to the efficient and economical peform
ance of the work required. An accident to one
ofthe new locomolives, which destroyed all the
flues, occasioned an extraordinary expenditure
in its repair. The two passenger cars have
undergone such thorough repair as to be
almost entirely renewed and to equal the cos:
of two new cars.
The difficulty arising from scarcity of mo
tive power, was foreseen in time and would
have been provided against, but for the impos
sibility of commanding the means. Those
who have not tried it can scarcely estimate the
expense and inconvenience resulting from this
cause. There should have been eight-wheel
locomotives, of about thirteen tons weight,
employed in the mail service. These could
carry four freight cars with the passengers, at
a convenient speed ; thus supplying the Depot
at the head of the Road, and obviating the ne
cessity for running freight trains through daily.
This process would have resulted in a great
saving without injury to any part of the ser
vice.
There has been another source of heavy ex
pense. At least 13 per cent, of the necessary
expenses of the year, has been for repairing and
giving additional security to the Bridges, about
$6,750 have been used in this way. When it
is remembered what consequences would fol
low a defect neglected in one of the Bridges,
it will readily be granted that too strict an
economy would here be misplaced. The poli
cy has been to expend every dollar on the
Bridges which was deemed expedient, and to
make them secure beyond the shadow of a
doubt.
The rent paid for the use of freight cars
amounted to $6,223 72, which is not, strictly
speaking, an item of expense of transporta
tion, though it has been so considered in our
accounts. It is an item peculiar to this work,
and it should be recollected that it diminishes
the apparent profits of the road, as compared
with other roads, by nearly its full amount.
If three fourths of this were added to the pro
fits they would be increased to $42,474 72. No
account has been taken of the work done for
the road itself, consisting of transportation of
wood, timber and Iron. The iron alone, if
transported for an individual or a company,
would have added to our receipts, 2,849 36,
which is entitled to its just weight in compar
ing the expenses with the profits.
Under all the circumstances of the case, the
amount of clear profit from the business ofthe
last year cannot fail to be considered highly
satisfactory.
It is deemed proper, while enumerating the
various causes of extraordinary expense, to
recommend a measure which should be imme
diately adopted with regard to the Bridges
Four of them, Whetstone, Arms, Noonday and
Proctor’s Creek, should be substituted by cnl
vertsand embankments, and the length ofChat
tahooche and Etowah bridges should be great
ly reduced. This might be economically done
by employing a locomotive and train of gravel
cars, with a small party of hands, and allowing
them to continue at the work until it is comple
. ed.
At the period of my last report, the road was
in operation to Oothcaloga, a distance of 80
miles. The completion of the work beyond
that point was much retarded by the delay in
the arrival of the iron which had been ordered.
The superstructure was prepared for the re
ception ofthe iron and had to lie in that condi
tion for months before its arrival. Nevertheless
the road went into operation to Resaca, a point
six miles further on, by the Bth of April, and to
Dalton, (formerly Plains,) by the 22nd of
July. The benefits resulting from this exten
sion of road, were fully equal to what was anti
cipated. The receipts, both from freights and
passengers.during the month of July, were just
three limes those of the previous July, although
there were only six miles additional road in use,
except during the la*t nine days of the month,
when the increase of distance was twenty-one
miles.
The lates of freight have been modified from
lime to time, care being taken to protect the
interest oftthe State on the one hand, and to
meet the reasonable demands of the commu
nity on the other. The results have proved
the tariff adopted to the judicious. But it is
believed that still further reductions must be
made at some future day. especially on the
agricultural productions of the country. Every
reduction in the charges on our great staples
lends to develope the productive energies of
the country ; and as these swell the amount of
tonnage transported, the road is enabled, pro
fitably to reduce the charges still lower—until,
eventually, when ’.he communications with the
interior are perfected, so as to enlarge the
country to be acted on. and the resources of
the country itself are developed fully, the
freight charged on agricultural products must
be brought to the lowest point consistent with
profit.
There are many reasons to believe that the
shipment of breadstuff's from the Ports of our
seaboard, is to increase vastly in amount and
importance. The grain sent to those markets,
being transported by Railroads can reach there
without exposure to rain or dampness, and thus
be delivered in better condition for shipment,
than that received at any other port in the U
nion. Moreover, grain grown in the vicinity
ofthe Western & Atlantic Railroad, can come
to market at an earlier period than that of any
other important grain-growing region of our
country. The great bulk ofthe grain shipped
through the New York improvements, goes to
market after the opening of navigation in the
spring, thus giving the grain sent over the
Western & Atlantic Railroad an advantage of
from four to six months. These reasons are of
equal force in guarding u* against the compe
tition of Ne*v Orleans. If indeed New Or
leans, which can only be reached by two thou
sand miles of tedious navigation, can be con
sidered as seriously competing for the grain of
this region. One great argument against New
Orleans, as a grain market, and which applies
though with far less force to Charleston and Sa
vannah, i* the dampness ofthe climate, as an
objection to storing for any con*ider<able length
of time. The great rapidity of Railroad inter
course. carrying intelligence in little more than
a day from the sea-shore to the Tennessee Ri
ver. will prevent the necessity for this operation
in our case. ihe grain may be stored in rhe
Depots of the interior, and the owner may be
constantly informed of every fluctuation in the
markets so as to send it forward at the proper
time. The great improvement of the age.
which has wrought such a change in the affair*
of the world, w ill have its effects here too—add
ing still more to the numerous advantages now
fostering thistrade. When the Magnetic W ires
are stretched along the important line* of rail
way, the daily and hourly prices current will be
as well known to the grain-grower in the inte
rior, as to the inhabitants of the seaboar .
The period has not vet arrived when the gen
eral rate of charge on Passengers can be safely
reduced. Tb.Aipen.nen. can orny succeed
fullv in a dense population. « here any reduc
tion wdi reach a large class, which was not be
fore influenced With a sparse population,
little variety of bußinerepnrauita, and no large
townsalong the line requiring frequent inter
course, u reduction of fare would be found to
produce a very small increase of travel. The
true way to benefit the inhabitants of the conn*
try near the road is to transport their staples at
a low price. That affects every man, as all are
obliged to dispose of what they produce at
home, before they can purchase supplies from
abroad. The charge on these staples is an in
evitable tax and its reduction will be tiniversal
ly felt. On the contrary, the charge on travel
lers is one which each man has the option te
bear or avoid as inclination may prompt It
is therefore better for the great body of the peo
ple to levy this discretionary tax, so as to be bet
ter able to lower the inevitable tax on all they
have to send to market.
But it is believed that duringa short period
of each year, a considerable reduction of faro,
for a specified time, will be productive of deci
ded advantages to the road and the coinmnnit
This was tried in the month of August, a d
resulted in an increase of 30 per cent, in the
total receipts, over those of the preceding
month, which up to that time had been much
the largest in any one month since the opening
of the Road. There was one defect evident
in the plan adopted in August. The low priced
tickets required the holders to return within
twenty days, or lose the benefit of them. This
created a sudden and great increase of travel,
causing some inconvenience and expense to
the Railroad, and disproportioned to the limited s|
accommodations ofthe country, but just erner- )
ged from the forest. One advantage arising from
this state of things is that the energies of the w
people have been fully aroused, andtheaccom
inodations for Travellers in the Cherokee coun
try will be fully doubled in another year. It
had the advantage too of making the country
known. xMany, who had not before visited this
region, were surprised to find that they could
leave the hot atmosphere of the cities, and with
in a few hours, reach a country abounding in
wholesome air, cool waters and beautiful scen
ery. The man of business may leave his of
lice, to enjoy all this, and return before his ab
sence is discovered.
The number of persons from lower Georgia
and Carolina, who spend the summer in the
Cherokee country must increase. For they can
not fail to see the incalculable benefits growing
out of this intercourse. We have here a coun
try of vast, though dormant resources and en
ergies. These when properly stimulated and
developed, will build up on our sea coast, mar
kets which may rival the great Emporium of
America. Is it not then most clearly the inte
rest of those more directly interested in these
growing marts, to add to the prosperity and
stimulate the enterprise of the people whose
commerce supports them? This they may do
most effectually by spending among them mo
ney, which will, in the course of trade, soon re
turn to their own pockets, instead of throwing
it away in other Slates, without the remotest
prospect of any profitable return. The very
luxuries demanded for the accommodation of
these travellers, must be bought from them
selves.
There is another strong motive to make this
region a favorite summer resort for southern
people. Every year adds to the violence of op
position, in some parte of the Union to an in
stitution which is valuable to us, and, as many
believe, even essential to our political prosperi
ty. It is impossible for a family to carry a ser
vant to the North. For, even when the slave
is uuwillingto leave his master, he has often to
submit to a persecution from these sickly Phi
lanthropists, which drives him to seek the pro
tection of the law. This then is another mo
tive to induce the people of Georgia to spend
their summers in Georgia.
The Cherokee country has improved and is
improving with a rapidity never before wit
nessed in any southern State, The more it is
resorted to the more rapid will be this ameliora
tion—and it certainly bids fair to abound in
every thing to gratify the taste as it now does
in all things to please the eye. In short, a vol
ume could scarcely enumerate the advantages,
social, commercial and political, which must re
sult from the constant and intimate intercourse
of the inhabitants of the mountains and the sea
board.
The Railroads may foster and stimulate this
intercourse and be amply repaid by its increase.
After mature reflection, founded on actual ob
servation, it has been determined to recommend
a considerable reduction in the charge on pas
sengers, to last from the Ist of June to the Ist
. of October, in each year, and not to apply to
I any other period.
This will enable persons from the unhealthy
parts ofthe country to leave home and spend
the sickly months in this healthy region at a cost
so moderate as will tempt hundreds to avail
themselves of the opportunity. The sugges
tion is respectfully submitted to the several
Railroad companies interested, and can be act
ed on at any lime before the season approach
es. In this case there is a mass to act on, and a
reduction of fare will inevitably increase the
number of passengers. A very large propor
tion ofthe people who crowd the northern rail
ways and their Hotels during the summer are
from the south. If but a tithe of this travel can
be influenced our Railroads will be largely be
ne tied by the experiment.
The Railroad spirit is thoroughly awaken
ed and exhibiting itself in the commencement
or projection of lines which must act as impor
tant feeders to this.
The branch to Rome is in full progress and
may be expected to go into operation in all the
ensuing spring. This will secure to us a most
valuable trade from the valley of the Coosa
immediately, and its ultimate effect will be to
cherish and promote the project which has al
ready attracted much atten'ion, of extending
the line of road, in that direction, to Tuscaloosa
and perhaps through the heart of Mississip
pi to Vicksburg, byway of Brandon and Jack
son.
The feeling displayed in the late convention
at Knoxville leaves no doubt of the eventual
success of the Hiwassee Railroad:—a line of
more than 100 miles, extending into a region
abounding in mineral and agricultural wealth.
But the most important road to connect
with this is the Nashville &. Chattanooga Rail
road—which is indeed the extension of this to
the great west. To say anything about the
value and importance of this extension, not
only in its effect on the State road of Georgia,
hut in its general and national character,
would be to repeal truths which are now fami
liar to all. and which have engaged many of the
most active minds of Georgia and the adjoin
ing States for twelve years past. It is the great
line of connexion between the Atlantic ports
and the mighty valley of the Mississippi.
The line of this road has been carefully sur
veyed—and, from the report of an eminent
practical Engineer, it will be seen that there is
no serious difficulty in constructing a good
road over the ground. Such progress has al
ready been made in obtaining subscriptions of
stuck as to leave no doubt of the early com
mencement of the work.
The Legislature of Georgia is now called on
once more to give the last impulse to her great
work. Thirty-nine miles ofthe Western and
Atlantic Railroad are yet unfinished. The
graduation of tins distance has long been com
pleted. w ith the exception of the Tunnel and 8
few other unimportant places. The cost of the
work uow required to complete lhe road to its
original destination on lhe Tennessee river
will be $375,000. There is not a shadow of
doubt entertained that this expenditure will at
once add $125,000 per annum to the net profits
ofthe road. So that the net income from the
work will be increased by a sum equal io 33|
percent, per annum on the amount required to
complete it, and lhe whole might be finished in
one year. Thus would the increase of profits,
in four years, return the money invested.—
Whereas, if the road were left to the slow pro
cess of completing itself, by its own income;
which, in its present unfinished state, must be
comparatively small, eight years would be re
quired to accomplish the work During this
eight years, the sum 0f53,305,165 already ex
pended in the road, would be useless capital,
and for the same space oftime would the whole
country be deprived of the incalculable bene
fits to result from the completion of this great
work. More than half a million has been ex
pended between Dalton and Chattanooga,
which is literally useless until something more
is done to bring it into active use.
The appropriation now demanded possesses
the high recommendation of being intended,
like all the expenditures of the last three years,
to render active and profitable, a large capital,
now lying dormant, which is already expended
and beyond the reach of legislation.
To enumerate the many advantages to jo
derived from the completion of this road, and
to multiply arguments on the subject at this
time would be idle. There can be but one
opinion. The Legislature cannot hesitate as
to the proper course. .
An exammation of the ground in the neigh
borhood of the Tunnel was made during lhe
summer to ascertain lhe practicability of going
around it- The tunnel cannot be avoided
without an increase of three miles in distance
and of 40 feet in elevation to be overcome ;
<fi.-ad vantages of themselves more than equiva
lent to lhe cost of the Tunnel. There is no
practical difficulty in the way of executing this
tunnel in a short lime and at a reasonable cost.
In obedience to your Excellency’s orders,
the Chief-Engineer proceeded to Savannah ia
Mav last and borrowed from lhe Bank of the
State of Georgia, the Planters’ Bank, and the
Manne and Fire Insurance Bank, the sum of
$75,000. This sum was used to meet sertain
payments to lhe Bank of Charleston for loans
effected at various dates frou* Marsh 6th te