Newspaper Page Text
■ - II > M lli 11 II 11 Jr. £>/ Illi Fzl
_ ,
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
GEORGIA RAIL ROAD AND BANKING COMPANY.
Condition of the Georgia Xailroad and Banking
Company,
ON MONDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 2, 1848.
LIABILITIES.
Capital Stock ; 82,262,495 6t
Collections on Personal Accountss 618 19
Collections on account of Newton County Stock-
holders 542 48
Income from Railroad and Mail Transportation •• 220,771 45
Interest and Discount received 1 4,884 45
Profit and Loss 550,136 34
' 8786,952 91
Deposits on Interest 4,224 68!
Company’s Bonds 777,000 00;
Dividends Unpaid 10,215 471
Due to Corporations 31,900 56
Due to Depositors 37,747 57
Due to Agents 20 61
Bank Notes Issued 1,168,120 00
Rail Road Receipts Issued 11,755 50.
Bank Notes on hand 907,540 20*
Railroad Receipts on hand 317 25
Bank Notes and Railroad Receipts in Circulation 272,018 05 272,018 05
Total Liabilities 84.182,575 51
ASSETS.
The Road and its 0utfit53,356,243 88,
Iron and Spikes for relaying Road below U. Point 79,769 77
P. C. Anns, General Superintendent 5.023 57
Materials for Road on hand 30.754 40
Salaries, Incidentals, Protests, Premiums and
Rent ... 5334 9i
Interest paid by the Company 43,257 311
r House and Lot 32,555 26
Real Estate for Road and Bank 46,296 22
Negroes 32,100 00
Balances due by Agents 7,860 271
Due by the State of Georgia 6,899 33
Stocks in other Corporations 50,390 70]
Advances on ('otton 1,200 001
Bonds of the City of Augusta• 6,500 00j
Bonds of the State of Georgia 39,750 00
Bills Receivable 1,304 33
Discounted Notes 146,888 24;
Discounted Bills 85,310 40
| 233,503 02
I 346,103 32
Bank Notes in other States 3,917 001
Specie and Specie Funds.
Due by Banks in New York, Charleston, Savan-
nah and Athens 26,338 89!
Notes of Specie-Paying Banks in Georgia- • •• 23,946 00
Gold and Silver Cuin in the Vaults of the Bank 61,760 39
M 1*4.182,575 51
CONDITION AND CHARACTER OF THE BILLS RECEIVABLE AND DISCOUNT-
ED PAPER. AS REPORTED.
Bills Receivable—good 8611 24
** “ doubtful-.••••••••••••••••••••••••• 693 14
Discounted Notes running to maturity—good $96,055 27
•• *• lying over —good 28,142 28
“ “ •• “ bad 650 88
11 “ in Judgment >r in Suit—good 20,219 28
** •• “ “ doubtful 1,820 53
Discounted Bills running to maturity—good
“ “ in iudgm’tor in suit—good 83,5*0 40.
1,750 00 85,310 40
GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY:—
Personally appeared before me, Michael F. Boisclair, a Notary Public for said county, John P.
Kino, President, and John W. Wilde, Cashier of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company, who be
ing duly sworn, say that the foregoing return exhibits a true statement from the Books of the Bank, as they
appeared at the close of the day’s business, on Saturday, th«- 30(h ultimo, and that the report of the committee
of the Discounte I Paper and Hills Receivable, as it appears by their report, is just and true, to the best of
the belief and knowledge of these deponents.
Sworn to before me, this sth day of October, 1848. ) JNO. P. KING, President.
Michael F. Boisclair, Notary Public. \ J. W. WILDE, Cashier.
MECHANICS’ BANK.
Statement of the Condition of the .Jlerhanicn'’ Bank,
.Ingusia, Ga., and its .Igenries,
ON MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1848.
LIABILITIES.
Capital Stock ijk>(H),ooo 00
Circulation. 401.61!) 00
Amount due Depositors.....— 103.4-I 47
Amount due 8ank5535,244 26
Amount due Agent 80
6 35,329 06
Dividend declared this day ‘ 30.000 00
Reserved Fund and undivided profits 109.043 78
Resulting balance with Agencies ■ AO4 83
Total * si. H 1.7- 14
ASSETS.
Speoe s2«i3 33.29
Notes of other Banks- 32.970 0(1
Amount due by Banks »
Exchange running to maturityj 289,;>19 62
Noted discounted running to maturityj 340,940 02
B’lls and Notes under protest; 1,600 00
“ “ lying over 6 936 32
“ “ in Judgment 20.499 01
5 29.035 33
Os which is considered doubtful... - 10,597 02;
Real Estate’ 72,093 36
Bonds of the State of Georgia 107 933 .»0
Bonds of the City of Augustaj 96 251 771 134,180 27
Stock in other Institutions- ' V*.
Protest Account-*
Total sll-177-14
STATE OF GEORGIA. CITY OF AUGUSTA :
Personally appeared Amory Siblrt, President, and Milo Hatch, Cashier, who being duly sworn,
sav that the annexed is a condense! statement of lire condition of ihe Mechanics' Bank and its Agencies, on
Monday,October 2, 1848, and which lhev believe to be just and true.
’ A. SIBLEY, President.
M. HATCH, Cashier.
Sw-wn to before me, this sth Jav of October, 1848. ?
WM F. PEMBERTON, Notary Public. 5
List of Stockholders of the Hank,
ON MONDAY EVENING. OCTOBER 2. 1848
Names. .Vo. Shares.
John M. Adam*, ----- 60
K. A. Allen, Guardian of Mary E. Walker, - 60
Geo. Anderson. - - - - - 11
J R. Bulk ley. 50
Foster Blodget, ----- 43
F. J. Bmwn, Estate of-- - - 4
Alfred Baker, ------ 100
John Bale, - -- -- -- 26
Richmond Bullock. 10U
Isaac S. Beers, ------ 30
Isaac Bryan, ------ 72
James B Bishop, ----- 54
Benjamin F. Chew, ----- 10
Clark J. Cook. 20
George B. Carhart, ----- 50
Mtsa Sarah W. Cumming, - - - - 35
James W. IViviea, ----- 2
James W. Hansa, Cashier, - 225
Thomas W. Freeman, - ’ Ne -i.
Hillarv B. Fraxer, - 6
A. Gould, 400
Mm. Jane Holden, ----- 4
Mr*. Martha Hughes, - 4
Milo Hatch, 50
J Meigs Hand, 10
Edward Henke!!, ----- 50
Wm. J«»nes, - - - - - 15
Marshall Keith, Estate of-- - 230
G B Laaaar, (hr use of Jane L. Summers - 20
Mrs. Elisabeth R. Miller, - - - 15
Mechanics' Bank, Augusta. - - 350
Mrs. Fanny Moor*, Estate of-- - 6
Thomas S. Metcalf ----- 17
James McFkiwall, Agent, - - - - 94
James H Maa well, ----- 30
Owen K Me call; 104
George M. Newton, 58
Total Number of Shares * -
COPARTNERSHIP
%V K * T,IK VNDKRSIOXKD. have th s
▼ ▼ dajr entered mi. tVjur ner»h>p under the irm
vs H ARDEN Jt RAMI \ and 3a ving purchased O.
H Lbs’* entire Work of tkvxia, now ikcapy h.s well
known etan I uppoaile Adams, Fargo &C-. and two
door* be'ow JAS R.mv.**‘ Hardware S;,ve, where
we BN Norther* C
Uxu to our present stuck, c vnpr-.Mng SI G KR COF
FEE. BAGGING ROPE IRON s\lT II
QUORS of a!! kinds PRY GIHHK SHOES
HKTS, LEATHERS. OIU< HARDM \Rb Ac .
which we are now offering on as reasonable terms as
any other bouse m the city. We reepecuuliy sUicit
a share of public patnwage.
We have al*> made an arrangement with a Fre-
Pn»f Bock W*r*bouae» convenient to Railroad and
Wagoaet*, and all coCton and other produce consigned
to oof care will be attended to free of charges, and no
uuoa wiU be spared to give general s*twt*rtToc
HARDEN A RAMEY
AugoMa. Juaa 1, 1848. jyl-wtDl
.Vsw.<. A’u. Shares.
Th«Miias Nesbitt, ----- 32
M E. Phinixy 5
Albert O Parmelee, ----- 54
Edward Padelilwd, - - -100
Planters and Mechanics' BxnkefS-C. -200
Wtiitaui Robinson, - - - - -117
William P. Kithbone, - . - - 150
William S. Roberts, ----- 5
Josiah Sibley, ----- - 95
Amory Sibley, - - - - - * 19
John Smith, - - - - - - 127
Joel Smith, ------ 158
Charles Smith, ------ 23
W-.Hiam Smith, - - - - - - i I
Albert W. Smith, Estate of-- - 25
Geo. W. Summers, - - - - - 34
Miss Mary Jane Sims, - - - - 10
Erast us C. Scranton, ----- 85
Isaac S. Tuttle, ..... 193
Orray Tait, ------ 226
Wm. O. Thomas, - - - - - 10
Henry J Fhomae. - - - - - 10 i
Man ha J. Fhomas, - - - - - 5
Trustees ot L>ran-i V Marin. - - - 230
MvbV Metcalf, - - 91
“ Mary F. Metcalf, - - 91
“ Sarah P. Hibben, - - 84
*• Nathaniel G. Metcalf, - - 57
“ Mary A. Summers. - - 30
Trustee H. A. Thomas and children, - - 45
“ Ann Sims and children, - - 40
“ Judith Hibler - - • 25
“ Mary A. W. Starnes, - - 26
J. R. Vinton, Estate of-- - - 40
James B. Walker, - - - . - 25
Rebecca Walker, 30
M. Whitfield, - - - - - - 25
MEXICAN WAR’
HIRE SUBSCRIBER has m press and wii:
i JL sbonlv p*it*l>«h, a OF THE
MEXIC W \S miaga co ■<. tn His ni
■ of al the operations *>f the American Army tn Mexi-
•
» mcwt distinguished udk-ers in the Regular Army and
th Volunteer Forcae. illustrated with numerous en
gravings. By Jokx Frost. L.I. P.
A number o: enterprising and ethcient men or g.vx.l
character are otTered profitable employmeat tn circu
lating the above work tn Georgia an«i the adjoining
i States.
t Fur terms, and all other tn format! on.
will please atidrasa Che subscriber be mail, poet paid.
H MANSFIELD.
134 York-atnset. New Havea, CoaoccUcut.
i 522 »6m
THOMASTON LIME
nHKSK AND 15 GOOD OtiDKR. Krw
JT b. .<> HAND. WILLIAMS A CO.
Augusto, (Ba.:
THURSDAY MORNING, OCT. 5, 1848.
Pork and Beef Trade from Tennesseec
We have just conversed with a farmer of
Hamilton county, Tennessee, who has brought
a lot 0f75 fat hogs to this market, and learn
from him a few interesting facts. The Railroad
Company charged him but $55 for the use of
a large car from Dalton to this city, rn which 75
hogs were brought with speed and in a good
condition. We have seen them on the morning
of their arrival,and from their fresh appearance,
no one would suppose them to have come from
north of the Tennessee River.
By the above figures, it will be seen that the
charge for transportation on the Railroad, was
only 73 cents, a head for these hogs. They
are worth to the producer in this market $3 50
per 100 pounds net. This pays the Tennessee
farmer well, who is about to bring down in a
similar way, 100 head of fat cattie. From our
acquaintance with the business of packing beef
and pork at the inland cities of Chicago and
Cincinnati for foreign consumption, after frost
sets in, we have frequently expressed the opin
ion that a like operation might be successfully
practiced at .Augusta. Good salt is cheap here,
and barrels can be had in the event of an ex
tensive demand, on the most advantageous
terms. Hides, and such portions of slaughter
ed animals as are edible and not packed for ex
port, will find a fair market. It is the consump
tion of the latter in cities, which makes fat cat*
t!e and swine to go there to be slaughtered for
export. Cuttie are driven hundreds of miles to
Cincinnati and Chicago to be killed, put in bar
rels and sent to foreign nations.
The facilities with which beef and pork can
be made in Northern Georgia and Tennessee
are well known; nevertheless a few remarks
on that head may be not without interest at this
time. Our informant, who resides within four
miles of Chattanooga, says that corn is worth
there only 10 cents., and wheat 50 cents,
a bushel.
Some may wish to learn what it will cost a
pound to make pork and beef on corn at ten
cents a bushel. The latest reliable experiments
of this kind, known to us, were made by the
Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, former Commission
er of Patents. Ih a public discussion at the
recent great Agricultural Fair held in Buffalo,
that gentleman stated that three and a half
pounds of corn meal, cooked and fed in thin
mush, gave him a pound of pork, live weight.
Experiments were made on several hogs and
extended through many weeks. The correct
ness of the general results arrived at by Mr.
Ellsworth was corroborated by statements of
other gentlemen who had tested the matter of
making beef as well as pork. With skilful man
agement, four pounds of corn will make one
of pork, beef or mutton. Now, ten cents, for
fifty-six pounds of corn is less than one-fifth of
a cent, a pound ; so that pork and beef can be
made in Hamilton county, Tennessee, at less
thana cent a pound on corn. Believing that
the elements of a vast trade in the provision
line, are within the reach of our citizens, we
have looked into the production of meat with
some care.
Os the 360 head of splendid neat cattle ex
hibited at the show of the N. Y. Slate Agricul
tural Society, the best were from the city of
Cincinnati. Beef-packing in that city is in its
infancy ; but the business has every prospect
of eminent success. It is expected that 200,000
or more of tat cattle will be put up for English
and other foreign markets, at Chicago this fall.
Chicago is 10.50 miles by water from Butlalo,
which is .">OO from tide water.
See the great advantage of the stock grow
ers in Northern Georgia and Tennessee, over
those of Illinois. Create a market in this city
for fat hogs and cattle like that of Cincinnati,
and what is to prevent the Railroad from bring
ing hundreds of thousands of these animals
down to us, as it now does a very few ? La
boring men and their families will soon find
living very cheap in Augusta. This will be
an important element in the prosperity of its
cotton factories, its artizans and mechanics.
Another Chance for the Federal Union.
The discovery of the Federal Union, that
“the evidences that Gen. Cass is in favor of
the extension of Slavery, are strong as confir
mation of proof from holy writ,’’ seems quite
likely to enrich that journal. We congratulate
it upon its flattering prospect of being re want
ed for the discovery, and commend to its at
tention the following reward which has been
offered by the Cass organ in Oswego, New
York, for the evidence of the fact :
“The Challenge!—lt is frequently asserted by
the enemies of the Democratic parly, either through
gruss ignorance or base dishonesty, that General (
is in faror of extending slavery. Now, t » give
such persons an opportunity to make good theircharge,
or. as m duty bound, to retract so palpable a falsehood,
we are authorized by a responsible individual to offer
a reward of UlU'rY DOLLAHS to any i er
son who will produce the certified record of any
rote, or an authenticated copy of any speech ur
letter, ever given, delivered, or written by Gen.
Cass, either approving ts slavery, or in favor qf
its extension.”
This makes one thousand and fifty dol
lars which have been offered for the evidence,
for which we hope the Federal Union has ap
plied. Apart from the reward, in the notice
above, the Union will doubtless feel bound to
offer the evidence in vindication of its own
character. For its co-laboter. the Oswego Cass
organ, charges that those who assert that Gen
Cass ** either approves of slavery, or is in fa
vor of its extension, do it through ig
norance or dishonesty"— Hence he offers the
reward to enable all such •* to make good the
charge, or retract the palpable falsehood."
Stkamkr Washington.—This vessel is fixed
to sail from Southampton on the 10th of Octo
ber. at which time her repairs will be complete.
••The Illustrious Statesman.”
Since Mr. Clay's positive refusal to permit his
name to be used in connection with the Presiden
cy we see no more comphuienls to him from
the Locofoco press. While they had a hope,
that he would bring himself to the degraded
level of their own chief. \ an Buren.)
they were exceedingly lavish ot their praises.
The corrupt and profligate politician, the Sun
day gambler of 1>44, suddenly became a mar
vellous proper man. and “ illustrious States
i.tan” was the faintest term of praise bestowed
uppn hiui. If they still hate him. as we doubt
not t’.'ey do, we can assure them, that there is i
no more effectual mode of glutting their re- j
vengethan by continuing to praise him. Their |
encomiums,’us their reviling*, arealike con
temptible in hts eyes—but they tarnish his
fame much more by the former than the latter.
Richmond H Akf.
From the Baltimore SaH —Uy Telegraph.
From Pverto Cabbllo. —An arrival at
Nantucket to-d iy brings advices from Puerto
Cabello to the 12th September.
The squa ron under Gen. Monargois. con
sisting of ten vessels, le t Puerto Cabello on
the 25th of .Aug. last, to attack the fleet of Gen.
P . and the Constitutionalists al Puerto Cabel
lo. z few days afterwards, received advices
of the utter defeat of their squadron The
Commodore’s vesse’ was sunk, and him
self snd several of his officers made priso
ners. and the residue en irely dispersed.
Gen P was uSt Thomason t i Sept
but it was expected he would have soon, either
for Curacua or the squadron, supposed to be
lying near the Inland of Margrada. Gen. P
his issued an address declaring b:< determi
nation to continue to use every effort to re
store the constitution of his country and to over
hrow the military despot who. he says, has wa
ded to power through the blood of the people s
representatives, shed in the Halls of Congress
iu Jannary last
We learn that the two wharves in St. Au
gtistine were destroyed by the late g*«e- Tne
water was at one time a foot and a hail* deep in
the Post Office. Nearly all the enclosures in
town were blown down, and very few bouses
have escaped injury. We may anticipate bad
news from Key West. Havana and perhaps the
windward Islands The hurricane occurred in
Augustine on yesterday week.— Rep
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 11. 1848.
Still they Come.
The Petersburg (Va.) Intelligencer contains
two letters from tvyo prominent Democrats
who have and declared for
Gen. Taylor. (.MHHptliese letters is from Mr.
Ro. Harrison, oftPnitab George county, Va.,
explaining his reasons for abandoning a party
with which li hehas co-operated for twenty years.”
We regret that we have not space for both of
these letters. But Mr. Harrison offers such
striking reasons for his change, that we cannot
refrain from transferring a part of his letter to
our columns. We earnestly recommend these
views to Southern Democrats everywhere,
who prefer their country to party.
The Petersburg Intelligencer thus introduces
these two gentlemen:
Too Old Democrats out for Taylor.— To-day’s
paper contains two letters, coming from nearly oppo
site quarters of the Union, and both written bv gen
tlemen who have until this canvass, co-operated with
the Democratic party. Mr. Harrison is well known
personally to many of our readers. They know that
lie has been for years a zealous and active Democrat,
and we call their attention to the testimony which he
gives, and the rea&ons he assigns for aasuming the
position which he now occupies.
The author of the other letter, Gen. T. J. Green, .
is by reputation known to many in this region. He
was for some time a prisoner in the castle of Perote,
and his interesting account of the tragical Mier Ex
pedition is familiar to us all. Gen. Green has here
tofore acted with the Democratic party, and is, he
tells us, now a moderate Democrat; but prefers Gen.
Taylor, a moderate Whig, to Geu. Cass, an ultra and
destructive Locofoco.
Here are the extracts from Mr. Harrison’s
letter:
Dor the Intelligencer
Mr. Editor : I discover by the last Petersburg In
telligencer received, that my name is introduced as
one of the Corresponding Committee of the Rough
and Ready Club of Prince George. As this notorie
ty to my political position ,s adverse to the party with
which 1 have co-operated for 20 years, you will con
fer a favor by the publication of the following con
clusions that have forced this position upon me.
This model Republic of ours appears to be making
dangerous innovations under the appellation of mo
dern or progressive democracy. * *
These are the doctrines of moilern progressive
Democracy, but they are not all. The Wilmot Pro
viso was first made politically eminent by a Demo
cratic member from the Democratic State of Penn
sylvania, passed by a Democratic House of Repre
sentatives—incorporated into the Oregon Bill by a
Democratic Senate, and signed by a Southern Demo
cratic President, elected by the great Democratic par
ti —which proves its paternity to be out and out
Democratic. Now who cun advocate the course of
Mr. Polk and the Southern delegation ? One must
be approved and the other condemned —for they are
contraries —they are diametrically opposite. And by
this political broadside, Mr. Polk has demolished ev
ery friend of the South, in the free States, he has not
left them a vestige of earth to make a foot-print. *
Mr. Cass voted for the River and Harbor Bill, and
Mr. Polk vetoed said bill. How can any man acton
principle and support b >th ? Any man who supports
Cass must repudiate the Democratic doctrine on the
subject of Internal Improvement. So Mr. Cass must
tie sacrificed, or the democratic creed must be sacri
ficed. The principle ami the men are antagonistic.
Mr. Cass’s views on the Tariff, as exemplified by his
letter to the Indiana Convention, acknowledges the
principle of a protective tariff, which I have always
■ppised. But, sir, I believe, a Bank is an obsolete
question. There is no disposition manifested to dis
turb the tariff, and we have no money to expend in
a dangerous system of improvement. And the ques
tion of transcendant importance, which rises superior
to all the rest, which is first in importance, and
which involves our highest interest, is slavery—a
question upon which the Union itself seems almost
suspended. What has the fanaticism of the North
already accomplished ? It has rent asunder the fra
lernal relation in the Baptist, Presbyterian and Me
thodist churches, and the busy North are not yet satis
fied. The tables of Congress groan beneath the
weight of abolition petitions. It has entered the Sen
ate Chamber and Legislative H ills of most of the free
States It now enters into the Presidential election.
And shall the South present a broken phalanx on this
subject Shall she rally to the standard of a “ Nor
thern man with Southern feelings,” or rally to the
•tandard of Taylor, who is identified with the South
by birth, by parentage, by relation, by association,
by education, and by interest, whose name is a tow
er of safety, whose reputation is a palladium of liber
ty, who is of a noble slock of illustrious ancestors,
who is a star of the first magnitude in the constelLi
lion of illustrious heroes, whose fame must be co-ex
teut with the renown of the American Republic. A
man of tenderness, whose heart bleeds at the suffer
ings ot his soldiers, who is always regardless of self
and regardful of his i. eu, whose veins flow with the
•‘milk of human kindness,” evidenced by his regard
to tiic conquered and wounded Mexican cnildiery on
the plains of Buena Vista—and whose name and
character the breath of suspicion bus never reached j
of plain, rustic simplicity and sterling integrity ;
above intrigue, above corruption, who cannot be
scared, who cannot be conquered, and who “ never
surrenders.” The men who condemn themselves to the
drudgery of party politics, lack the capacity to justly
estimate the moral and political grandeur of General
Taylor’s position. Some men have no ear for music,
and the sweetest melody has no charm. Others have
no eye for the picturesque, and the grandest panorama
of nature’s work hath no power to please, and the
most beautiful imagery, and the most exalted senti
ments, and the most winning address fall on many an
ear as unmeaning accents. These are nature’s
noblemen, not attuned to sensibility. So it is in the
political world; some men cannot elevate themselves
above party, and every thing must quadrate with
what is done and said al Washington. There is the
machinery for manufacturing public sentiment. There
is the crucible for the analysis of opinion.
Now, but few think fur themselves, and fewer still
act fur themselves. I, for one, am determined to
burst asunder all party shackles and be a freeman and
act in obedience to the dictates of my judgment.
General Taylor is the people’s candidate ; he is op
posed to executive dictation ami the exercise of the
executive influence over the action of Congress, and
the too frequent exercise of the veto power, that fea
ture in our Government “that his a squinting to
monarch/.” “Upon the tariff, currency, improve
ment of our highways and rivers, lakes and harbors,
the will of the people, as expressed through their re
presentatives in Congress, ought to be respected and
carried out by the Executive.” General Taylor is
the people’s candidate, whilst General Cass is the
candidate of a party. The one would act independent
?f party, the other in obedience to party. The one
would advocate the greatest good to the greatest num
ber, whilst the other would advocate the interest of
the party that elected him.
The great struggle on the subject of slavary will
mo-»t unquestionably arise when a bill tor the govern
ment of California and New Mexico ia introduced be
fore Congress. Then it will have to be decided
whether tfie South shall be excluded from these ter
ritories —aad, unless there is something false in the
philosofhy of the times, the signs are unpropitious for
the South. Mr. Van Buren adopts the idea th it Con
gress has jurisdiction over the subject. But Mr
(’ass’position is worse, for he says, “Briefly, then,
I am opposed to the exercise of jurisdiction by Con
gress over this matter, and 1 am in favor ot leaving
to the people of any territory which may be hereafter
acquired the right to regulate it for themselves, un
der the general principles of the Constitution.’ Then
the principles of the Constitution grant to the Free
Negroes. M- xicans and In hans the right to exclude
Southern men with Southern property from the terri
tory of die United Stales purchased by the blood an 1
treasure of Southerners? This doctrine is more
objectionable than Mr. 5 an Buren’s —for the Ameri
can Congresses better qualified to decide this momen
tous subject than the mongrel ra -e of Mere >. These
men take a different route to reach the same object,
a different course to accomplish the same purpose. 2
\ Mr. Va Bure s - . '
can but exclude; and, according to Mr. Cass’s pasi
tion, the people of the territory certainly will exclude
X j V. ;
issue of which is involved the honor of the South, the
cooatitut anal rights ol the South, and also our inter
ests in this particular property, *ha'l we entrust its ’
custody to the “tender mercies” vs him who has al- |
ways been against us, until last December, who
changed after he ascertained that the South would n-. t
sustain any man that occupied his position, and who I
boasted, ‘‘Zamnoshre o&fer, J nerer fiare been,
/ never shall be. I deprecate its existence in princi
pfc,andpray - >o everywhere?” (See
pamphlet on the right at irch.) As Mr. Yancy
savs. •• he is the last man for the South most dan
gerous and least to be trusted. Let those who ad
mire his position and estimate highly his print iples
sustain him. B it, as for me. my predilections are
f.ir aSo ithern man, and, in a crisis lute this, I shall
bi va Irons son of the South, and
who s worths to have his name enrtlled second only
to the great and guixl V» ashington.
R:. Harrison.
Good News from Florida.—We have late
ly conversed with a gentleman from Florida,
whose information we deem ot the most relia
ble character. That State is absolutely safe
for Taylor by a large majority. In Columbia
county <once the banner county) Cassie not
expected to get more than 100 votes. Cabell
is equally certain of his election over Duvall,
by a majority amply sufficient to gratify his
most sanguine expectations. All accounts
concur in stating that Cabell is carrying ail be
fore him. He may be justly regarded as the
author of the revolution in Florida, though he
has had co workers not less brave and not less
persevering than himself. Savannah Rep.
B-iling Fish. Ac., in Salt Water—Ba
con hamsxre said to be better boiled in salt wa- I
ter. no doubt for the reason that in a give » time j
they are much better boiled. Hams require ,
gt ue og Sir Hu iphrey Davy
• tells us the reason why vegetables, and rish
; should be panged in boding salt and water is.
that this solution bids at a higher temperature
than plain water, and that the sudden sea ding !
fixes me albumen, mucilage, and other nutritive
parts of the viand, instead of being macerated
and sodden, and so partly lost in lukewarm wa
ter — Fanners Library.
Another Pillar Gone—The New Alba
ny Bulletin learns that the venerable
• Samuel G. Wilson, Esq., of that city, one of
' me pillars of Democracy of the county, has
; recently expressed biome f dissatisfied with the
< Cass party, and has announced his intention to
I support General Taylor for the Prea*dency.
Augusta, (oa.:
5 FRIDAY MORNING, OCT’R 6. 1848.
r , . - . ~_r-
The Compromise Bill.--Mr. Plielps.
In another column will be found the letter
of Senator Phelps, of Vermont, to his con
’ stituents, vindicating his vote on the “ Coin
• promise Bill,” and giving his reasons for that
t vote. It will bo recollected that Mr. Phelps
was one of the special committee who reported
the bill, and as he is regarded among the ablest
lawyers ot the Senate, his reasons are worthy
the consideration of Southern men. We
therefore invite their attention to the letter. It
should be read and carefully studied by every
Southern man of whatever party.
Chancellor Walworth.
This distinguished jurist is the Old Hunker
Candidate for Governor, in the State of New
York. In his letter, accepting the nomination,
we find the following paragraph :
“Upon the question of the expediency of introduc
ing slavery into territories of the United Slates where
it does not now exist, there is probably no real differ
ence of opinion between any of the political parties
in the northern and middle States. But I entirely
agree with some of the most .distinguished jurists of
our country, that as slavery does not now legally ex
ist in California and New it can only be in
troduced into those free by positive law;
and that no legislation is necessary to prevent its in
troduction there. For this reason lam opposed to
the agitation of a question for mere political purposes,
the effect of which agitation will be still further to
paralyze the efforts of the philanthropists of the
south in favor of a gradual system es emancipation in
those States where slavery already exists, and has
retarded the progress of freedom there.”
Mr. Walworth is the ableaod selected lead
er of the Cass party, in a Stale which will give
more than 500,000 votes at the Presidential
election. He is a gentleman of candor and of
truth, who has known Mr. Cass 30 years, and
is his superior in every respect. He speaks,
then, not bis own sentiments alone, butthose
of the Cass Democracy of “the northern and
middle States.” Does the reader ask: What
is the policy of the Cass men at the North to
ward the institution of slavery ? Chancellor
Walworth answers, to do nothing ft to para*
lize the efforts of the philanthropists [Cassius
M. Clay, and the like “philanthropists”] of the
South, tn favor as a gradual system of emanci
pation in those States where slavery already ex
ists, and thus retard the progress of freedom
there.”
This language of the Hunker candidate for
Governor, breathes a common spirit, with the
ardent prayer of Mr. Cass, for “the abolition of
slavery everywhere.” It is the soul and sub
stance of the most rampant abolitionism of the
non-slaveholding States. Gen. Cass was first
put in nomination by the Wilmot proviso men
of Michigan, with a view to aid and assist “the
philanthropists” of Virginia, Maryland and
Kentucky, to carry into effect “a system of
gradual emancipation in those Slues.”
It was the Cass Democrats in Congress who
insisted on placing the Wilmot proviso in
the bill organizing the territory of Oregon, and
forced a Southern Democratic President to
sign the same. It was abolitionists of the
Hunker, Walworth. Marcy anJ Croswell
school, that compelled President Polk to en
dorse the Constitutional right of Congress to
exclude slavery from territories, whether they
lie north or south of 36 degrees 30 minutes
north latitude. It is such shrewd, practical
abolitionists as Cass and Walworth, who
know how to command the support of such
time-serving Southern politicians as James K.
Polk, and of such Southern journals as the
Charleston Afercury and Constitutionalist, that
will surround the slaveholding Stales with a
cordon of anti-slavery communities, and excite
tl>«m all to pr«y.6rr the extinction of the In
stitution. These prayers have a powerful ef
fect. To find the Mercury a class-leader in a
Cass abolition prayer-meeting, should admon
ish the moderate men of all parties not to trust
warm Democratic journals. With them party
triumph is every thing, the Constitutional rights
of the South nothing. Both they and Presi
dent Polk can talk largely about “ Southern
Rights.’’ and the unconstitutionality of Con
gress legislating slavery out of any territory
whatever; yet when the pinch comes, they for
narrow party purposes endorse the Wilmot
proviso. They even have the effrontery to
ask the planters of Georgia and South Caro
lina to vote against the noble old sugar planter
of Louisiana, and place Lewis Cass at the
head of their National Government. They
tell us that Northern Whigs are all abolitionists,
forgetting that these Northern Whigs had a
large majority in the Philadelphia Convention,
and nominated as their candidate for President
one of the largest slave holders in the Union.
What man of common intelligence does not
know that abolitionism is tn ide of different
materials ? That it is ever complaining of the
slave Slates for furnishing more than their just
share of Presidents ? Northern Whigs are
willing to trust their national interests to the
safe keeping of the great and true men of the
South, while Northern Democrats are about
equally divided in their support of the Anti-
Slavery nominee of Michigan and the Free
Soil candidate of New Y’ork. In regard to
the momentous question of admitting or ex
cluding the institution into New Mexico and
California. Chancellor Walworth justly as
serts that there is substantially no difference
between them. The friends of Mr. Cass claim
in all the free States that he is a better free soil
man than Mr. Van Buren, and so he is. His
superiority rests on die advantage of being
more supple, a greater demagogue, and able to
cheat Southern Democrats after the most ap
proved Louis Philippe fashion.
Taylor Fires Burn Brightly.
The people of New-York and Massachusetts
are moving with resistless force for Taylor
and Fillmore. The few Whigs who were
seduced into the ranks of the “ Free Soilers” at
first, have discovered their mistake, and are go
ing for the regular candidates of their party.
Cass and \ an Burt* appear to divide the de
mocrats into two nearly equal factions. Neither
withdraw —each being intent on the over
throw of his rival. The fatuity of this family
quarrel serves to drive thousands of disgusted
members of the party to enlist under the pa
triotic banner of the hero of Buena Vista.
Gen. Wm. O Butler.—The Battery snys:
In his late speech on the Florida War, deliv
ered in the House of Representatives of the
United States, June 11. 154 U, Mr. William O.
Butler used the following language in regard
to Gen. Taylor:
•• Gen. Taylor succeeded Gen. Jessup in the
command, and C 3 I have heard no complaint
against him. I presume there is none. Fortu
nately far himself. sir. he is a Whig: and fortu
nately for the country he is a soldier of the high
est order.
lr i< stated that the Delaware river has not
been as low as it is now since 1819.
There were sixty battles fought during the
Revolutionary war: thirty-eight during the
last war with Great Britain; and thirty-two. in
all, during the late w ar with Mexico.
A new invention is noticed in the last Sci-
I entitle American, for the benefit of way pas
■ senders in the cars. A large dial is placed in
each car with the names of different places up
on it and a pointer to indicate the places ar
rived at. A gong is «o connected with the ma
chinery as to sound whenever a stop is made.
This latter will be a nuisance.
Coming out. —The Louisville Journal says:
Five hundred Democrats in Bucks county.
k Pa.) have recently come out against General
Cass. They were for him when he was first
nominated, but they are " srrongZy impressed
• with the belief that a great change has been going
on in the public mind upon the subject—in '.heir
own as well as others.
SENATOR PHELPS,
of Vermont.
Holding myself responsible to my constitu
ency for my official conduct, I deem an expla
nation of my course on a recent occasion due
both to that constituency and myself. Much
excitement seems to have occurred in relation
to the bill for the establishment of Government
in the newly acquired territory, (Commonly
called the “ Compromise Bill,”) reported b>
the Select Committee of the Senate, of which
Committee I was a member ; and some stric
tures, not very favorable, have been made in
the public prints, upon my connection with that
measure. I have never doubted that I could
vindicate my conduct, on that occasion, in the
judgment of all intelligent and impartial men
My reasons for concurring in that bill in the
Committee, and sustaining it in the Senate,
were fully given on the floor of the Senate, but
unfortunately my remarks were so imperfectly
and inaccurately reported to the public, as to
give no intelligible representation of my views
Circumstances have delayed their publication
in a more authentic and satisfactory form; but
they will be laid before the public in a very few
days, as published under my inspection-
in the meantime, I avail myself of the earli
est leisure, after being released from a most ar
duous and fatiguing session, to ask a suspen
sion of opinion until the grounds of my action
can be understood. At the same time it will
not be improper to correct the very great mis
apprehension which has prevailed in regard to
that measure. The hill was in the orttset gross
ly misrepresented.
understood ; and, to a very great was
condemned before its import and object were
known.
I voted forthat bill with a settled conviction
that its effect would be the utter and absolute
exclusion of slavery from all those territories. —
The sincerity of’that conviction, and of my
purpose to effect that exclusion, I venture to
say, no member of the Senate, of any party
doubts. That such would have been the effect
of the bill had it become a law, so far as the le
gislation of Congress can effect that object. I
maintain now. And do so by a course of ar
gument used in vindication of my course before
the Senate, which no member of that body
ventured to controvert. Its soundness was ad
mitted by political friends and political oppo
nents, by those who advocated and those who
opposed the bill. An epitome will be giv
en.
The bill, although a long one, contained hut
two allusions to the subject of slavery. The
first was a prohibition to the territorial legisla
ture to pass any law on the subject. The sec
ond gave an appeal from the territorial to the Su
preme Court of the United Slates, in all cases
where the question of slavery was introduced.
The objectionable features of the bill, if they
exist at all. must be found in one or both of
these provisions.
Slavery (by which I mean African slavery)
was abolished in all territories of Mexico:
l&t. By a decree ofGuerrera, while Dictator,
in the year 1829. This was done in the course
of a revolution, and might perhaps be consider*
ed abrogated by a counter revolution.
2nd. By the Constitution of 1834.
3d. By a decree of the .Mexican Congress of
the sth of April. 1837. This decree has been
obtained from the Department of State, and
has been published in the various newspapers
of the country. It is not deemed necessary to
repeat it here.
4th. The Mexican Government was bound
by a treaty with Great Britain, not to allow
slavery in any of the territories of the republic ;
which of course prohibits its restoration.
Such was the law of New Mexico and Cali
fornia when the accession to the United States
took place. By the law of nations and th civi
lized world, the lawsofa conquered or ceded
territory, so far at all events, as they relate to
rights of property and private rights, remain in
force until superseded by the legislation of the
acquiring power, or, in other words, until that
power enacts new laws. If authority is de
manded for this position, it may be found in the
late derision of the Supreme Court of the U.
S. in the ease of Henderson vs. Poindexter,
12th Peter’s Reports.
The decree of the Mexican Congress of the
sth April. 1837. was therefore in force when
the bill of the Committee was reported to the
Senate, and is in force yet. What, then, did
the Committee’s Bill propose? It did not then
propose to reneal the local law of those pro
vinces, but on the contrary, prohibited the Io
c«! from changingit. Tins prohibi
tion originated with me. / was the first to sug
gest it, and / did so, with a view to perpetuate
the existing laws of those provinces which prohib
it slavery. Litile did I imagine at that moment,
that I was exposing myself to the charge of
misrepresenting my constituency, or advoca
ting the extension of slavery.
But there is another principle which may be
noticed here Slavery is a local institution, ex
isting only by positive law. It cannot be trans
ferred to a jurisdiction where no such laws ex
ist. The consequence is that a slave taken by
his master into a Free State becomes free. The
case would be the same with a fugitive slave,
were it not for the provision for his surrender
in the Constitution of tiie United States, which
was introduced into that instrument because,
without it, the relation of master and slave
would not be recognized in a free State. The
result is that a slave taken into one of these ter
ritories. would become free.
The bill then would exclude slavery as effectual
ly as the legislation of Congress cando It is
Jull as effectual to this purpose as the H'ibnot
Proviso. The language of that Proviso is. that
slavery shall not be permitted in these territo
ries—that of the bill is. slavery is now prohibit
ed there by law, —let that law remain. It shall
not be altered.
The bill has been represented as settling no
thing.—as leaving every thing at loose ends.—
as really prohibiting the people from excluding
slavery, if they would. All this may be said.
so long as the existing law of those territories is
kept out of sight— nay, if one assume that the
previous law there sanctioned slavery, much
more might be said, The bill then would per
petuate slavery. But the effect of the full is to
be judged by reference to the state of things
upon wmeh it is to operate. It is all-important
to know what that law is which is not to be
changed. If it exclude slavery, and is not
confirmed and perpetuated by the bill in ques
tion, how can it be said that the bill authorizes
the extension of slavery ? How can slavery be
introduced there consistently with this bill I And
how can 1 be charged with abandoning the
principles or misrepresenting the sentiments of
my constituents ?
Another egregious error in regard to this bill
is the idea, that Congress endeavored to throw
off their duty and their responsibility upon the
Supreme Court ; —that the bill would call the
Supreme Court to do their duty. This is a
great mistake. The hill refers nothing to that
Court. It does not mention or allude to that
Court, except as it provides for an appeal from
the judicial tribunal proposed to be established
in the territories, to the Supreme Court. It at
tempts to confer no legislative power on that
Court, but. as i have endeavored to show, it
proposed to exert the full legislative power of
Congress to the exclusion of slavery, by sanc
tioning and perpetuating the existing prohibi
tion. What then is left to the Court? It is
this:—Certain Southern gentlemen, at the
head of whom is Mr. Calhoun insist that the
Constitution guarantees to the people of the
South their property in slaves, —that, if they
choose to go to the territories with their slaves,
the guarantee would protect that property
there. They ofcourse, insist that, as the Con
stitution is in force in these newly acquired
territories, it overrides and annuls the local law
—and further that Congress has no power to
interfere wuh this property in the territories, or
exclude it therefrom — that the W ilmot Proviso,
if enacted by Congress. would tie unconstitu
tional and void, and that the Ordinance o* 17'7
is equally so.
Now if these gentlemen are right, all our le
gislation. byway of prohibiting slavery, goes
fur nought. Certain it i-. Congress cannot re
peal the Constitution. Nor can they determine
its construction. This is in its nature a juidi
ciai question, entrusted by the Constitution to j
the Supreme juidicial tribunal, and there it
must remain We deny the doctrine ot Mr.
Calhoun absolutely and tota'ly. My own
views of that question were fully expressed in
a reply to Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Berrien Inat
reply w ill soon be laid before the public m
•onuection with my remarks on the bill in ques
tion
Disagreeing as we du upon the question,
there is but one tribunal which can decide be
tween us. and that is the Supreme Court. The
Committee therefore left that question where
they found it. and where they w ere obliged to
leave it. We had. as we believed, exhau-ted
the legislative power, the judicial we could not
assume. We bad fratnd a bill which we thought
effectual, —its constitutionality if it passed, was
a matter to be determined by another depart
ment.
The error probably grew out of the remarks
of Mr. Clayton, which were not fully under
stood. He remarked that the whole controver
sy was left to the Supreme Court. That was
true, because the controversy was reduced to j
the B’mple constitutions. question. Mr. Clay
ton, I nave reason to know, regarded the bill
as I did. and considering the only remaining
question to be the validity of our law, he very
properly treated the determination of that tri
bunal. us all that remained to be done, to close
the whole controversy.
Ail that the Committee could do in reference
o this question was to see that it should not bt
left to the final determination of the Territorial
Judges appointed by the President. This they
did, by providing an appeal, in ail cases involv
ing this question, to the Supreme Court
The result of the whole matter is, that the
bill excluded slavery from the territories, so
far as the legislative power could effect it.—
Whether Congress possessed the power to do
so, was a question left where the Constitution
had placed it.
What more we could have done I have yet
to learn. TAe If'ilmdt Proviso would not have
been in my judgment, more efficient. The Pro
viso would not have passed the Senate. Its
very name had become odious at the South Ii
professes to proceed upon the authority of Con
gress, alone, without regard to the. wishes of the
people of the territories The Southern doc
trine has always been that this subject should
be left to them. The bill of the Committee,
while it secured the object of the North by ex
cluding slavery at the same time conformed, in
a measure, to Southern views as it adopted and
perpetuated the laws which the people of the
territories had previously enacted. Southern
gentlemen could sustain one but not the other.
For myself, considering the practical result to
be the same in both cases 1 left at liberty to a
dopt that form which promised success, rather
than that in which defeat was certain
Samuel S. Phelps.
Middlebury, Vt. Aug. 19. 1848.
Prom, the N. O. Picayune, \st inst.
From Texas.
The steamship Palmetto. Capt.•• Smith, arriv
ed yesterday from Galveston, having left on
Thursday the 28th nil., to which date she brings
papers. From these we cull several items of
news:
Funeral Obsequies at Lagrange.—The
ceremony of reinlerring the remains of the
decimated Mier prisoners, the massacred vol
unteers of Capt. Dawson’s company and other
martyrs to the cause of liberty in Texas, took
place at Lagrange on the 18th lilt. Between
two and three thousand persons were present.
Col. Lester acted as marshal of the day, and a
large procession was formed —the hearses es
corted by the military, under Col. M. K. Snell,
of Houston, in front, followed, in the order
named, bv the relatives and friends of the de
ceased ; Masonic fraternity; public officers;
citizens and strangers. An appropriate funer
al discourse was delivered by Rev. Mr. Kinney.
The whole ceremony is described as navirg
been very becoming and impressive.
U’he “Argus” published at Bonham. Fannin
county, stales that the settlement of French
Communists, at the Cross Timbers in this Stale,
has suffered a good deal from sickness the past
summer—the disease being fever and ague,
which they term Jievre trcmhlant, and of which
they have much horror. Many ol the settlers
have withdrawn from the colony and gone to
New Orleans. We doubt, says the Civilian,
whether they will find the fevers in that city
more to their taste than that of the Cross Tim
bers.
Western Texas.—The Victoria Advocate
gives a pleasant picture of the improvement of
the West. Itsavs:
In every part of Western Texas the spirit of
improvement is rife. Towns, villages, farms,
buildings, roads, wharves, ferries, hotels,
stores, schools, churches —every thing that
marks the progress of a people—are seen
springing into existence with great rapidity.
I'rom the Austin Democrat qf Sept. 20.
Capt. P. 11. Bell, of the Frontier Regiment,
arrived in town on Sunday, direct from Tor
rey’s Trading House. He informs us that
Maj. Neighbors, Indian Agent and himself,
agreeably to previous promise, met the Caddo
chief, Jose Marie, at that place,and held a ‘talk,’
relative to the killing of one of his tribe some
months since by some the Rangers on our
northern frontiers,which at the time had great
ly exasperated the old chief and his tribe. The
“ talk” resulted, after considerable difficulty, in
the comp’ete pacification of the Indians, it ap
pearing that the affair had been altogether mis
represented. Col. Bell informs us that the In
dians on our frontier were never more peace
ably disposed than at the present time. The
rumors published some time back, in some of
(he papers, of their stealing horses from the
Rangers, <fcc., were entirely erroneous.
We learn that the Chihuahua surveying ex
pedition, under Col. John C. Hays left San
Antonio on the sth inst. The company com
prised seventy-five men, well mounted and
equipped, and in fine spirits.
Health of Houston —Frntn the sexton's
report it appears that there were ten deaths in
Houston during the four Jays ending the2jst
till. The Presbyterian of the Kith says:
There is a great deal of sickness at present
existing in this city; but the fever Ims not yet
taken a very malignant character and as sani
tary measures have been adopted, we hope soon
to have the pleasure of recording its diminu
tion.
The Star of the same date says: “ We are
happy to stale that the health of the city is
again rapidly improving. Few new cases of
fever have occurred, and these are of a mild
character, and are yielding to medical treat
ment.”
The Havana Mail Line.—The Postmaster
General announces that the steamer Isabel, the
first steamship established by recent act of Con
gress, from Charleston, S. C., by Savannah,
Geo., and Key West. Florida, tn Havana, in
the Island of Cuba, will leave Charleston on
her first trip oil the 15th of October,’ami that
her regular days of departure will be on the
Ist and 15ih of each month. The po.-tage to
or from Havana will be twelve and a half
cents on a single letter not exceeding half an
ounce in weight, with an additional twelve
and a half cents for each additional half ounce,
or fractional excess of a half ounce, and must
in all cases be prepaid v lien the letter is sent
to Havana, and paid on delivery when receiv
ed from Havana. No inland postage is to be
charged in addition thereto. Postage on each
newspaper to or from Havana w ill be three
cents in addition to the inland postage, and is
to be pre-paid as aforesaid Balt. Sun.
Death of Commodore Biddle.—Our city
was called upon yesterday to lament the death
of Commodore James Biddle a native of Phil
adelphia, and one of the oldest, bravestand
most meritorious officers of the United States
Navy. He died on the previous night, after an
active and honorable life of sixly-five years,
three-fourths of which were passed in the ser
vice of his country. He was born in 1783;
entered the navy in the year 1800; was in the
frigate Philadelphia when shi stranded at Trip
oli, remaining many months a prisoner among
the Moors ; arid he distinguished him-elf during
the war of 1812, first, in the Wa«p. at the cap
ture of the Frolic, of which vessel he was ap
pointed prize-officer, and again, in the Hornet,
which lie commanded, both in the capture of
the Penguin brig of war. and his subsequent es
cape from a British ship-of-the line. Commo
dore Biddle’s employments in the Naw. in
late years, have always been of an important
and responsible kind, such as are only entrust
ed to officers of the highest qualifications.
His last voyage was one of circumnaviga
tion. commencing with a trip to Canton, whith
er he carried Mr. Alexander 11 Lverett, Com
missionerto China—varied, in the tnid-pa-saife,
it Will be remembered, by a most interesting
visit to the bay and city of Jesso, in Japan, and
an attempt, curious, although unavailing, to
open negotiations with the Emperor, for the
purpose of establishing commercial relations
with that swarming and industrious people—
and distinguished by a visit, previous to the fi
nal return by Cape Horn, to the coast of Cali
fornia, during the period of its conquest by the
American arms.
From this long and eventful voyage, Capt.
Biddle returned in ill health, from which he
never recovered. He has gone dow n to the
grave, not broken in years, although ful* of hon
ors; and lie will carry with him. the best ad
dition to the epitaph which will describe his
merits and his virtues, the regrets of Phi’adel i
phia and the respect of his country. — Philadel
phia North American.
The Victims of the River Raisin Massa
cre.—On the 27th ult., the bones of the brave
Kentuckians who w ere massacred at the river
Raisin in I-12. were received by a committee
I of citizens of Kentucky, at Covington, prior
to their appropriate interment by the authori
ties of that Stale. The Cincinnati Commercial
says : •• I’he bones of these brave men w ere
found in a common grave, and w’ere accident
ally upturned while a .-treet in Michi
gan, was being dug down. The fact of the
skulls being al! cloven with a l imahawk. in
duced the workmen to make inquiry, and an
aged Frenchman, living in that town, a survi
j vorof the massacre, knew theruas the bones of
the unfortunate Kentuckians—remembered the
spot where they were buried. Information
was sent to Kentucky, an 1 tha .finite, with its
characteristic spirit promptly took means for
their removal. The State devolved the char e
i upon Col Brooke, a gallant participant in, and
survivor of that nnfortnnat
New Telescope. —Mr. Britan Hascart, of
this city, and probably one of the first optician
m America, has just completed a tele- ope of
large size, ranging in magnifying power from
j lIMJ to 10U(J It is a refracto r. and it is said, by
mate capable of judging and drat mg c npir;
i sons from observation, that it o;jer<:tos near.y
I if not quite as well as the great refr ictory on
; Mount Adams. The workmanship? i- .• per
■ feci as mechanical skill can make ami. as
i ’ wnole. the instrument is a strong and mcontr
. vertable argument against the expen-ive io
i I of sending abroad for the like.—Cm. Lorn.
Vol. LXII.—NEW SERIES VOL.i XII., NO.
Augusta, (oa.:
SATURDAY MORNING, OCT. 7, 1848.
<
Tlie Workmen of the Country Coming up
1o the Work,
Read the following letter from the Newark
(N. J.) Advertiser:
“Coming down in the cars this morning, I was in
formed by one of the proprietors of Cooper’s rolling
mill, located at South Trenton, that the workmen m
hit extensive establishment, numbering some 500
men, had formed among themselves a “Rough and
Ready Club,” and that over three-fourths of them
all had resolved to voiefor Old Zack, and this with
out interference on the part of lhe proprietors, (one ot
whom has been a democrat,) or any other inducement
except the demonstration of the ruinous character of
the free trade policy of the Cass party in the reduc
tion of the price of railroad iron from SBO per ton to
some 845, caused by’ the unrestrained importation of
ihat material; which now floods the market from Eu
ropean mills, and is shutting up iron establishments all
over our country and throwing our workmen out of
the means of living.”
The intelligent reader will remember that
Pennsylvania was carried for Mr. Polk in 1844,
on lhe ground that he was a “better tariff man
than Mr. Clay.” This game cannot be suc
cessfully played a second time. Thousands of
laborers thrown out of employment, or whose
wageshave been greatly reduced, by the Tariff
of ’46, will vote in solid phalanx against the
free trade party. Pennsylvania is overwhelm
ingly in favor of the protective policy; and from
the popular movements among her indepen
dent operatives and artizans, wc have no doubt
that Taylor will receive her Electoral votes.
Mr. Cass Irs given offence to a large number
of democrats in that State, by his course in first
advocating the Ordinance of 1787, in its appli
cation to New-Mexico and California, in con
junction with David W ilmot, and then turning
his back on his too confiding associates. These
democrats well know how to punish the treach
ery of a false-hearted politician.
It may be asked by some honest Southern
democrats whether a man who is notorious for
his slippery, turning propensities at the North,
is just the person to forget his old habits in deal
ing with lhe South ? “ Can the leopard ,
change his spots; or the Ethiopian his skin ?”
Southern Quarterly Review.
We received a few days since the July num
ber of this valuable work. The contents are
as follows: Progress of Political Economy;
South Carolina and the Revolution ; Carlisle’s
Works; Fugitive Poetry of America; Hnrl
biii's Essays; The Danger and Safety of the
Republic; Religious Instruction of Slaves;
Tiie Army in Texas; The French Republic.
In addition there are three critical notices by
lhe editor.
We have perused (he above with considera
ble interest. The papers most to our liking
are the review of Carlisle’s Works, lhe Dan
ger and Safety of the Republic, and the French
Republic. The leading article, on lhe Progress
of Political Economy, is defective in omitting
to point out the ways and means for employ
ing lhe productive energies, the physical and
intellectual powers of a nation, to the best ad
vantage. So many idle hands and idle brains,
while all consume without ceasing, is a defect
in political economy, as taught by professors of
the science, which calls loudly for a remedy.
To talk of capital, labor, wages, exchanges, pro
fits, 4&c., without saying one word about the
elevation of the working classes, is to take a
very narrow view of the great objects of pro
ductive industry. The improvement of the
whole community, and of the whole man, are
elements of political science that deserve the
study of all, who would understand lhe end
and aimofhuman labor.
In this matter, the teachings of David’Ricar
do and Adam Smith, commended by the Pe
view, manifest the least possible interest. Ac
cording to their dogmas, property, a thing call
ed into existence by man, is of far more conse
quence than its creator. Such a creed, it is
needless to say, will hardly do for the sovereign
people of the United Stales.
This Quarterly deserves a wider circulation
and more patronage than it receives. It is pub
lished at Charleston by Burgess & James, al
five dollars per annum
Over Teaching in Public Schools.
A writer in the Medical and Surgical Jour
nal complains that the children in all the public
schools in Boston are over worked ; that not only
is too great an amount of labor required of them,
hut the studies are too complex and too pro
tracted. Children are likewise sent to school
at too early an age, and are kept confined too
long each day. Mr. George Combes, lhe Scotch
philosopher, used to say the whole course ol
female education is radically had. Girlhood, in
Boston, i stead of being an epoch of freedom,
is made up of an uninterrupted series of les
sons, either from books or lhe piano. “ Misses
and young ladies, are, therefore, pale, feeble,
slender, and sickly creatures, positively cheat
ed out of the birth right of good-health, lhe
choicest of all temporal blessings. They are
unfitted, by a perverse plan of education, for
the demands of a variable climate and lhe inci
dents and circumstances of the social relations.
They are all mind, without a body to sustain it.
The sweeping mortality of the fairest flowers
in this unnaturally cultivated garden of intel
lect throughout New-England, is due to this
mistaken and unfortunate plan of education .”
The evils so well described by Combe, are
by no means confined to Boston or New-Eng
land. In all the States, thousands of parents
may be found who strive to effect a precocious,
intellectual development in their children.
Thev are required to study, and are expected
to comprehend, branches of literature and ol
science, far above their years. Girls are below
lhe fashion of the times, if they make more than
two jumps between the cradle and the arms of
their husbands.
Statistics of Cotton Manufacture. —
The Mechanical Principal, a work published
in New York, publishes the following esti
tua'.es in relation to the Cotton manufacture:
“ Il is estimated that the United States will
manufacture 490.000 bales of Cotton, this year,
(1848) or about 160,000.000 pounds, which di
vided by 300—the number of working days in
the year, —gives 600,000 pounds per day. The
number of dead spindles on No. 20 yarn, re
quired to consume this cotton will be 2,678.
371. As these goods will average about four
pounds to the yard, 160.000,000 pounds of
Cotton, will give 720.000,000 yards of Cotton,
or 36 yards to each of the 20,006.000 of inhabi
tants. Each spindle costs $25, making the
capital employed $66,964,275.”
The number of operatives for this amount of
goods is estimated at 84,376, the value of their
1 labor at $15,933,900 per annum, and the total
expenses of manufacturing these cotton goods,
exclusive of the cost of cotton, at $20,401,050
per year. _
On Wednesday of last week them was a
heavy frost in the vicinity of Boston. The
thermometer indicated 31- in Roxbury; in
some other towns the mercury fell lower, and
waler was frozen.
Upwards of 72,000 Pine Apples have been
shipped from the Bahamas to England this year
and about 15,000 more are expected before the
close of the season. So much for the W. I.
Steamers.
Health of New Orleans.—The weekly
reports of the Charity and Marine Hospitals,
which we publish to-day, furnish gratifying ev
idence of the rapid!,, improving health of the
city. Yellow fever, it may be now said, i
i numbered with the things that were. DiUa, Ist
inst.
Steamship United States —The agent in
New Y ork his letters from the Captain up to
the 15th of September, which state that no day
was fixed for the sailing of the steamer. Ibe
report of her sailing on the 10m instant was,
therefore, a mistake. — Ratt. Sun.
Illinois Barnburners. —The Ottawa (El )
Consututionahst of the 30th ait. »ays that not
one es the electors on the Barnburner ticket
ire Whigs, the entire number being made ol
Locofocus and Abolitionists. What a com
mentary upon t/w AfortAern Democrats !
From, the Rome Journal.
Ho, for the Barbacue.
Every man woman and child in Floyd and
the adjoining counties—every friend, of Old
Zack throughout the State—every friend of the
South throughout the South, and every friend
of the country throughout the country, is here
by cordially invited and respectfully requested
to be present, and partake with us. of a Rough
and Ready Barbacue, to be given at Rome, on
Friday, the 20th of October.
The ladies are particularly invited to honor,
by their presence, this distinguishing mark of
our respect and esteem for an old soldier whose
life has been spent in defence of his country.
“ None but the brave deserve the fair ” And
none but the fair can sufficiently honor the
brave. Respectfully,
Jesse Reneau,
Jno. R. Alexander,
J. VV. M. Berrien,
Committee of Invitation.
The Annexation of Cuba, &c.—By the
late foreign advices, we learn that acorrespon-
I dence has taken place between the Spanish
government and Mr. Saunders, the United
Stales Minister, respecting Gen. Lopez’s plot
to deliver Cuba into the hands of the Yankees.
The American Ambassador’s explanations aro
considered quite satisfactory by the Spanish
Cabinet, and all the communications that have
passed between his Excellency and the Minister
of Foreign Affairs were sent home by him via
London a few days ago, by a special messen
ger. Spaniard* regard Cuba a« tfitr gctn of
the Spanish crown. It is said that the United
States Ambassador at Madrid, has been sound
ed by Narvez, with a view of finding out in an
indirect manner, whether he will act as a medi
ator between itself and Great Britain for the
purpose of bringing about a reconciliation.
Lord Palmerston has expressed his firm deter
mination not to have anything more to do with
the existing Spanish Cabinet.
Mexico and California.—Col. Emory, in
his account of his tour from the Missouri fron
tier to Santa Fe, thence down the Rio Grande
to near El Passd del Norte, thence westward
to the river Gila, and down that river to where
it empties into the Colorado, and thence to the
Pacific ocean, (a distance of 1200 miles,) says,
that with the exception of the narrow valley of
Rio Grande, and some fertile patches along the
Gila, which last, however, can only be cultiva
ted by irrigation, all is barrenness and desola
tion. The N. Y. Journal of Commerce, sum
ming up the results of his observations, says:
The fact unquestionably is, that, as a whole,
the portion of Califo nia and New Mexico ly
ing south of latitude 36 deg. 40 min., is about
the most worthless territory upon which the
sun ever shone; while the portion north of that
latitude, along with much poor land, comprises
extensive tracts of most excellent soil, together
with he best harbor in the world—that of San
Francisco—and mines of quicksilver, gold
and other valuables, and withal an abundance
of live oak and other timber,.suitable for ships
and ah the wants of a large and prosperous
community. '1 he largest of these fertile tracts
is the Sacramento valley, which Col. Fremont
describes as 50 to 60 miles wide, by about 500
long, embracing an area of 25,000 or 30,000
miles, equal to two thirds of the State of New
York. The Sacramei to empties into the Bay
of Francisco, and so all this fine country is im
mediately connected with that wonderful har
bor. Here are the principal American settle
ments in California, and here too must inevi
tably be the seat of enterprise, commerce and
wealth, of Northwestern America. Monterey,
the capital of California, which lies to the south
ward of San Francisco, is also north of lati
tude 36 deg. 30 min ; and, in short so far as is
yet known, the portion of California lying
south of that latitude is worthless, compared
with the northern portion. Slaves would
starve to death on a great part of it, and their
masters with them.
A Good Old Age.—The New-York papers
copy as something remarkable, the “ good old
age” of 104 years, at which a lady of Newport,
recently deceased, had arrived. They forget
that this was in Newport, where they always
speak ofthe •* untimely end” of a man who dies
under a hundred, and where the obituaries
speak of a man of less than eighty as “ cut off
in the flower of his days.” In such a climate
there is hardly an excuse for a man to die at
all.— Pruv. Jour.
All our accounts from Washington represent
the hoUkrt to be in a terrible state of
alarm. They give up New York and New
England—and even admit that Pennsylvania
and Ohio are doubtful — which is tantamount
to electing Old Zack before ho gets to tho
Potomac.
Railroads Liable for Damage by Fire.—
The Supreme Court of Northampton have
given judgment in favor of the Springfield
Mutual Insurance Company a ainst the West
ern Railroad, for the amount of $623 GO, with
$167.65 interest—the first named sum being
the amount paid by the insurance company for
the burning of a house in 1845, which was set
on fire by a locomotive of the Western Rail-
Road.
The Estate of an Irish Landlord.—The
first great example of the working of the Irish
Encumbered Estates Bill, is to be found in the
following significant paragraph :
“ A Galway paper states that the most exten
sive estate in Ireland is about to change hands.
This can only refer to the estate of Mr. Martin,
of Galway, which in surface extent may be
considered a principality, though otherwise of
sufficiently limited value. The incumbrances
thereon are said to be enormous, and the state
ment made is that the owner is to have £50.-
000 for his interest, the purchaser assuming all
liabilities.
This enormous estate, which is larger than
some English counties, belonged to the late
eccentric but humane Mr. Martin, M. P. who
was the author of the act against cruelty to ani
mals. Al his death, a few years since, the es
tate descended to his only daughter, who, about
two years ago, married her cousin, a young
gentleman of the name of Bell. The estate
was mortgaged to the extent of £360,000; and
last year some of the pioprietor’s sheep and
cattle were distrained for poor rates. The en
trance gate and lodge are about 20 miles from
the mansion bouse.
The Equinoctial Storm, which set in on
Saturday night at New York, and o her places
north and east, as well as in this vicinity, has
been variously felt. Here, we had mostly an
eastern wind, and the bay. we understand, has
been very rough. There was a violent north
east wind at New York on Monday, with copi
ous rain. Tins line storm generally brings
more or less disaster to shipping, but as yet we
hear of none. At Philadelphia the storm was
quite furious, and some of the shipping tn the
harbor was knocked about a little.— Balt Sun.
The Bone and Muscle.— A meeting of the
workingmen in Phoenixville, Pa.) who are in
favor of the election of Gen. Taylor, has been
called. The call is signed by one hundred and
thirty many of whom are engaged
in the iron works, others in divers handicraft
trades. At least one third of the signers are
men who have heretofore voted the Loco Fuco
ticket.
Discovery in Mississippi.—ln the South
western part of Franklin county, Mississippi,
there is a platform or floor of hewn stone, near
ly polished, some three feet under ground. It
is about one hundred and eighty feet wide, it
extends due north and south, and its surface is
perfectly level. The masonry is said to be equal
if not superior, to any work of modern times.
The land above is cultivated, but thirty years
ago it was covered with oak and pine trees,
measuring from two to three feet in diameter.
It is evidently of very remote antiquity, as the
Indians who reside in the neighborhood had no
knowledge of its existence previous to its re
cent discovery. Nor is there any tradition a
mong them to form any idea of the object of the
work, or the people who were its builders.—
There is also a canal and well connected with
it. but they never have been explored. A sub
terranean passage may be underneath. Further
explorations may throw some light upon its o
rigin
Foreign Ab-quatulator Caught.—One F.
11. (Jernes, who left Rotterdam in the ship
Garrone fur New Y'ork, with about ten thous
and dollars belonging to three firms, was ar
rested at New Y r ork on Saturday, ere he had
time to set his feet well ashore. He was in
duced to give up his ill-gathered treasures.
David Pali. Brows, E-q , received the nom
ination of a mt- meeting hi Southwark, Pnil
adelphia. on Saturday eventng, a« the Inde
pendent Rough and Ready candidate for Con
gro-. from the fir., d.strict. His opponent... are
P. B Florence, Dem-, and Lewie C. Levin,
Native.
Yellow Fever has made iU appearance in
Vicksburg and Natchez. Mississippi, and Hous
ton. Texas, this season. In Vicksburg at the
latest dates the health of the city was improv
iUg-
Royal Dignity.—The King of the Belgians
has refused to receive the French Minister, be
c iiise he was once a shoemaker in Brussels
This is not so much the fault of the Minister as
it is of the King, lor .f'he latter had not netd
ed shoes it is hkely the former never would
have made them.
By an official report made in Paris, we learn
that inaamty, since the late revolution, has in
creased marvellously in France.