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Complimentary Ball to Col. Walker.
One of the moit brilliant and showy affairs
that Augusta has produced for many seasons,
was the complimentary Ball of Thursday even
ing. Col. Wm. Henry Walker, the honored
guest of the evening, was present, the cyno
sure of all eyes, and received the greetings of
a large assemblage of his friends and fellow
citizens of both sexes. Tne young, the fair,
and the gay. gave grace and hilarity to the
scene, while many of our staid matrons and
sober citizens, made their appearance, for the
first time in many years, to give evidence of
their high appreciation of the gallant conduct
and soldierly qualities of the honored guest
Augusta is proud of her gallant son. who has
been preserved almost by a miracle, from a
soldier's grave, and receives him again with
a beating heart and open arms, to the home of
his childhood where he has ever been known
and esteemed for every estimable quality- —
After his dreadful wound at .Molino del Rey.
from which he lingered many weary months
in pain and agonv upon the verge oi the grave
he comes among us in high health and >pirits .
with his fair and accomplished lady and infant |
daughter, to find among his early friends atid .
companions a brief and grateful repose from
the toils of the camp and the field. Green be
the laurels that grace his manly brow, and long
may he live to wear them.
There were several transparencies prepared
at his own expense, by our patriotic and spir
ited fellow-citizen, Mr. H. Caffin. and erect
ed in front of the Masonic Hall. The mottoes
which decked the walls of the Ball room, be
neath the waving flags and banners, and the
twining wreaths of evergeen, were also from
the same source.
The night was mild and balmy. The stars
peeped out occasionally from the drifting
clouds, and the moon rose bright and clear at
midnight over the festive scene within, and had
coursed high on her matinal journey, ere the
gay revellers sought their pillows.
We should not omit to mention that among
the guests of the evening, was Col. Talcott,
who<e blood also flowed for his country on the
well fonght field of Molino del Rey. Also, Mr.
John David Walker, now of Charleston,
brother of Col. Walker, a member of the Pal
metto regiment, who was severely wounded in
the battle of Churubusco; also Capt. Ander
son, of the 2d Artillery, who served gallantly
with his regiment in that memorable campaign
from the taking of Vera Cruz to the final hour
of triumph, when the American flag was plant
ed on the walls of Mexico.— Constitutionalist
of Saturday.
lyThe Corpus Christi Star of the 24th ult,
says:
A party of Americans arrived here last eve
ning from Saltillo. They report that every
thing was quiet there, and that Bustamente was
expected to arrive in Monterey on the IGth of
next month, at the head of two divisions of
Mexican troops, the first commanded by Gen
Minon who was second in command, and the
other by Gen. Mejia. The cause of sending
these troops to the frontier was to put down
any insurrectionary movements there The
people talk considerably about separation from
the Central Government, but appeared to be
generally opposed to any foreign interference.
Arista was not in Monterey when our inform
ant left, but was expected there in a couple of
months. The party crossed the country from
Saltillo here, but neither saw nor heard of any
Indians on the route.
Finances of the Country.-—The Wash
ington correspondent of the New York Ex
press furnishes the following statement of the
finances of the country from 30th June, 1848,
to July 1, 1849:
Total amount of disbursements, per published state
ment of the Clerk of the House of Representa
tives, 847,131.844
Add for Mex. indemnity and other items, 6.000,000
Add for U. S. Treasury notes outstand-
ing Nov. 1, 1848, 13,000.000
T0ta1866,431,844
Receipts, to wit:
For the U. S. L0an816,000,000
For duties on imports and
sales of lands 31,000,000
Deficiency.Bl9,43l,B44
To supply this, Congress will authorize the Secre
tary of the Treasury to borrow the sum after the Ist
of January, 1819. Os the old loan, 87,000,000 is yet
unpaid by the contractors, and they will have a
cli m- e of becoming “ successful bidders” for the new
loan of sl9 000,000,
In addition to the -813,000,000 of Treasury noten
now outstanding, the Secretary of the Treasury has
authority up t<>3oili Nov., 1843, to re-issue the addi
tional *um of 85,000,000.
To this the Tribune replies that all the esti
mates of Government expenditures that it h as
seen contain the error of supposing that the
outstanding Treasury notes must be provided
for when due. They are fundable by law into
a twenty year G per cent, stock, and as such
stock is at a premium, of course they will be so
funded, and no provision need be made for
them. This uses up nearly all the deficiency
figured out in the above statement.
Life and Literature in Arkansas.
The Fort Smith Herald of October 18, grave
ly records the following remarKable incidents:
On Friday morning last a scene was enacted
at the academy in this place, which we are
bound to chronicle as a matter of history con
nected with our town, as follows:—One of
Mr. Stedham’s sons, a small boy. complained
to his parents of having been ill-treated in some
way by Mrs. Sabine, teacher of the smaller
scholars, and sister of the principal, Mr. M- A.
Lynde.
On the morning above mentioned, about the
hour when school is taken in, Mr. and Mrs.
Stedham pro ceded to the academy ; the for
mer went into the larger room, where the prin
cipal was engaged, and the latter went into the
room where tne infant school is taught, and im
mediately drew out from under her shawl a
cowhide and gave Mrs. Sabine, who did not
suspect any such design, several stripes with
it about the body and neck, which caused
great alarm and confusion among the scho
lars. The lady with the cowhide, however,
was taken away, and peace was soon restored
to the school.
in the afternoon of the same day. Mrs. Sted
ham was arrested and brought before Justice
Pearson, and lined fifty dollars and costs of
suit, and held to bail to keep the peace. We
understand an appeal has been taken by the de
fendant to the Circuit Court.
Commercial Desolation in Canada.—The
New York Sun, on the authority of an intel
ligent American merchant in Montreal, says:
“ Within a year past, over five thousand per
sons. mostly enterprising men, formerly doing
respectable business in Montreal, have been
obliged to abandon the city or suffer complete
bankruptcy. Over five thousand tenements,
stores, shopsand dwellings are without tenants,
nor can they he rented at any price. ’The most
business streets are comparatively deserted by
trade, and it is no fiction that glass grows upon
the solitary pavements
“ Since the increased facilities given to trade
between this city ami the Canada merchants,
especially of Canada West, there is scarcely a
trader who resorts to Montreal lor goods.”
Canino Fidelity.
We copy the following interesting narrative
from the Hamilton (Canada West) Specta
tor:
On Saturday night, a man residing in East
Market street found in that part of the city call
ed More’s Survey a child of six or eight years
of age. sitting on the road side and cry ing bit
terly The child was attended by a Newfound
land dog. which attempted to pacifv its com
panion by lying beside him and licking his fire.
The man took the boy in his arms ami brought
him to the engine house, thinking that the pa
rents would be more likely to hear of their child
there than any other place. The dog followed
qmeilv.and upon Mr. Rykman. whose human
ity ami care are well known, making a bed for
the child, the dog testified ns delight by jump
ing about the room and licking the host and
child alternately. The boy being comfortably
bedded for the night, the dog took his post be
side him and could not In* coaxed from the spot.
During the night Mr. Rykman had occasion to
go into the room, but the moment he crossed
the threshold, the dog who was so docile when
he left, became furiously enraged, and actually
drove him out of the room, at least as quickly
as he entered. Neither coaxing nor scolding
had the slightest effect upon the faithful animal;
he had taken the child under his protection, and
appeared determined to perform his duty.—
Early in the morning another member of the
family, who was not aware that they had visit
era. went into the room, but he had hardly
placed a foot inside when he was furiou-ly at
tacked by the dog. and compelled to decamp.
Before doing so. however, he seized a chair to
defend himself, and broke it to pieces over the
dog. without producing any other effect than
rendering him more savage and determined
than before. Finding it impossible either to get
into his room or coax the dog out of it. or a
wakeu the child. Mr. Ryktnan procured assist
ance. and an entry was effected simultaneously
by the door and window. Sull the dog remain
ed resolute ; fie would permit no one to ap
proach the child, and it was actually necessary
to b*-at him severely with clubs ere he could be
driven out of the house. This being at last ef
fected the dog started off as rapidly as it could,
and in the course of a couple of hours returned,
accompanied by the child's mother, jumped in
to the room, and began licking and fondling ns
little companion. Even then it was with diffi
culty that the woman could prevent the dog
from Hying at those who had been compelled,
in self-defence, to beat and drive him from the
house. The woman said she h id been m search
of the child all night without success, and that
in crossing the common near Dundurn she saw
the dog following her at the lop of his speed.
I pen reaching his mistress the faithful animal
immediately caught her by the dress and pulled
in the direction ot the town. The woman, a
ware ot the intelligence of the animal, and
knowing that it bad accompanied the boy when
he strayed from home, followed in the certain
ty thatshe would be taken to her child, whether
dead or alive. Nor was she disappointed. The
woman lives on a point beyond the marsh, at
least two miles from the town, and she thinks
that the dog on leaving the engine bouse went
•traight home, and finding its mistress absent,
got upon her track and followed it until he
tour.d her. Not the least interesting fad at
we have to nan ate. m this rambiiug sketch, u.
that tbe moment the wotnan and cmld left lav
house the dog became perfeciiy quiet. ana <; en
advances towards a reconciliation
those he had *o savage! v assayed a few hour*
before.
*1 Hi DtaMowp Svvrr-Bex. stolen from the
Patent-Office. WM bereft of fourteen of the dia
monds tn the attempt of die robbers to detach i:
from the wire fastenings. They were fouudin
the case.
Hilt TH OF Mr Cvav.—The Lexington
iKy 'Observer, of Saturday last, s a’rs dial
Mr Clay had been severely indisposed for ibe
previous ten days. and war soil under the al
tendance of hit phytrcjac
Augusta, CM.:
—MOV*-
MONDAY MORNING, NOV. 20.
No Sectional President.
The fact is already ascertained that the Free
States have given ninety-seven, and the Slave
States sixty six electoral votes for Taylor and
Fillmore, which may probably be increased
in both divisions of the Union, by the accession
of yet other States. Without any addition,
however, they have a majority of the electoral
votes of each section—a fact which proves
conclusively, that they have been elevated by
no sectional prejudice or prepossession, while |
it establishes the confidence of the people of
every part of the country, in their integrity
and devotion to the sacred principles of the
Government and Constitution. They are,
therefore, not otficers of any section, and we
may look forward with confidence to an ad
ministation, free from such narrow-minded
prejudices as sectional partizans would incul
cate —an administration, based upon a) p n
ciples of the Constitution, as understood and
practiced upon by the earlier sages and pa
triots whom the American people elevated to
that distinguished station.
The contemplation of such an administration,
must excite within the bosom of every Ameri
can patriot the most sincere joy—for it promi
ses harmony and fraternal feeling throughout
this vast republic.prosperity in all the ramifica
tions of business, and national aggrandizement
in every thing that a nation of freemen should
desire.
Such, in our humble opinion, are some of
the glorious fruits and grand results which the
American people have secured to themselves
by their condemnation of the present adminis
tration of the Government, and their elevation
to the two first offices in their gift, of Zachary
Taylor and Millard Fillmore,
Mississippi.—We observe that the last Mont
gomery Flag, (dem ) classes this State among
those which have certainly voted for Taylor.
We presume therefore there is no doubt of the
fact.
Alabama, Virginia and Illinois.—At the
time of writing we are not in receipt of any la
ter news from these States than was contained
in our paper of Saturday—save the following
telegraphic despatches, which appeared in the
Charleston Courier and Mercuryof Saturday, in
regard to Virginia. These are conflicting, ap
parently, and the reader must form his own
conclusions :
Virginia.--\l is now rendered certain, according
to our information that this State has given Cass a ma
jority of five hundred.— Courier.
Baltimore, l\'ov 17, 10 /< M—We have heard
from all out ten counties in Virginia. An average gain
of 30 votes in each county will give the State to Tay
lor.— Mercury.
Dade County.
We find the following report of the Whig
vote in Dade county, in the last Dalton Eagle,
which however satisfactory it may have been to
that journal and its correspondent, has afforded
very little information to those who were desi
rous to know the Cass majority in the county:
50 Guns for Dade County!!—Oar little neigh
bor Dade distinguished herself in the hoe elec’ion.
The Whigs were never known to vote more than 60
strong in that county before. At the Congressional
election, Calhoun, the Whig candidate, received 59
voter. Old Zach got 102 !!
Low Fare on Railroads.
Speaking of the increased profits attending
a reduction of the fare on the railroad from
Boston to Concord, from $2.75 to $1.50, the
Farmer's Monthly Visitor says:
“So cheap has become the locomotion upon the
railways that within the next five years we anticipate
the price of merchandize per ton will not ex
ceed one cent to the mile, and the passenger pr’ce
not exceed one cent to one cent and a fourth the
mile; if the interest of the roads is consulted, so
great is becoming the business created by the reduc
tion itself, that the minimum prices will generally be
adopted.
The farmers of some neighborhoods in New Eng
land are taking up the stock and excavating and
grading the railroads with as little ado as they for
merly built turnpikes.
Ex-Gov. Hill, (the writer of the above,) is
a gentleman not apt to indulge in extravagant
calculations: nevertheless, it strikes us as hard
ly probable that produce and goods will ever
be transported so cheaply as a dollar a ton per
DM) miles, or at one cent a mile, on railroads.
At this rate corn will be brought from Chat
tanooga in Tennessee to this city at a trifle less
than ten cents a bushel. The quantity of grain
which that large and most prolific corn produ
cing State, will send to this market, is quite in
calculable.
Theniimbei ofalien pa^cugera'who arrived
in Boston last week was G. 471.
EF'There were 8547 bales of Cotton receiv
ed in New Orleans on the 13th inst.
The New York Commercial Advertiser thus
announces the death of the Boa Constrictor
which was lately purchased for the Museum in
that city.
Death of a well-known Resident.—We
regret to announce the death of one who, though
but comparatively a short time resident in this
city, had made many acquaintances, and was
very generally known. Since he first came a
tnong us he lias resolutely refused all food, al
though no expense has been spared by his
friends to procure for him such seasonable
dainties as might possibly tempt his appetite. —
He has resolutely fasted now for several
months. Exhausted nature could hold out no
longer, and on Satuid.iy Mr. Barnum’s Boa
Constrictor died, at its headquarters, the Ame
rican Museum. Il is said to have cost $1,300.
The South Carolina Agitators.
The keen irony of the following article,
which appeared in the Baltimore American,
sometime previous to the late election, will be
acknowledged and appreciated by all; it is
well directed and may save some from embark
ing in this last South Carolina humbug:
South Carolina in the Pi eld. — This gallant State,
alwavs resdv to plsv the heroic part, with or with
out iH-casion, is preparing with great dignity in view
of the coiiiuw eie«uion to do nothing and to make her
action felt. But South Carolina, looks beyond the
comi ig election, and, like the fair lilburina. sees
things which are not yet insight. The Brook Green
Volunteer, so renowned in the illustrations o! Punch,’
was not more quick to perceive the appr»>ach of dan
ger, nor more prompt in rushing to the nearest Ther
mopyla?, than that devoted State, which is ever ready
for ‘ Liberty or Death!’ —with a preference, how
ever, for ihe firmer.
Mr. Barnwell Rhett has been making a speech in
Charleston, and Gen. Hamilton has been writing a
letter; ami, bv a startling coincidence at this crisis,
both the s;»eech and the letter terminate in fire arms,
and hint darkly of gore. The Wihnoi proviso if ’o
be encountered on horseback, an t South Carolina,
mounted on a mustang, is to lead in the attack her
weapon is the rifle.
Gen. Hamilton declares that if the North carries out
its pur pate of admitting no more slave territory into
the I’ntou, »he South will be “essentially colonial in
all her ignominious submission.” Theihiug must be
resister! : it can never be submitted to, says the Gen
eral, “by a people as essentially military in their in
stinct as anv that God lias ever created —with all the
aptitudes for war —who find a safe seaton the back
of the wildest horse of the prairies, and in whose
hands the deadly rifle, never coin mi is one error or
mistake!”
As a sure mode of bringing the matter to a decisive
issue. Mr Rhett advises as follows :
“ Now you have this great question of slavery upon
you ; and my counsel is as of yore —meet the question
at once and forever. Have no more talk in Congress
by your Representatives; but bring your power to
bear directly on the question—not through a Southern
convention, which you cann<4 get, (and which, if you
may only breed confusion and weakness m the
South.) but by the States —the parties to the constitu
tional compact, and its legitimate guardians by the
theory of the constitution itself. Let the Southern
States instruct their Senators, and request their Repre
sentatives to leave their seats itutneUiafely and return
home should abolition, in any of its forms, prevail in
the legislation of Congress—whether in our Territo
ries, the District of Columbia, or between the States.
Let the South take this position let but five States in
the South tike this position let but two States, Vir
ginia and South Carolina, take this position and main
tain it, and the South is safe. If driven to action by
the of the N-'rth in Congress, all other
steps which the honor and interests ot the South shall
demand will be easily assumed. But if the South
still sleeps inactive, submissive to aggressions—if no
.' her St oe will maintain her dignity and her rights
under the constitution on this great question, let South
Carolina, unaided and alone, mee’ the contest. She
can force every S’aie in the I nion to take sides for or
against her. She can compel the alternative—that
the rights of the South be respected, or the Union be
dissolved. This, in my humble opinion, is the only
course by which the Union can be preserved, or be
worth preserving; and let the result be what it may.
we will at least have the consolation of having made
one brave, long, strong effort to save ourselves from
foul, ignominous and dishonorable ruin.”
Now whether the wolf is really co ning this time
or not our readers may judge tor themselves. We
shall not express any opinion about it, nor whether
if the animal comes he will be very tierce, or whether
he will find only sheep to deal with. But upon ano
ther point wi may speak freely, and that is to express
the pmion that if the magnanimous State of South Ca
rolina. as it has been said, does sneeze whenever Mr.
Calhoun takes snuff, that distinguished gentleman
has en this occasion taken a pretty large pinch.
From Vera Cki z.—The V. S steamer Iris.
Capt. E. \V. Carpender. arived last evening
from Vera Cruz having made the passage to
the South-west Pass in four davs and sixteen
hours The Hon. Nathan Clifford our minis
ter to Mexico, and familv. came over on the
Ins
Ihe Ins also brought over lo American
c t zens. formerly connected with our army.
" : o were found in Vera Crnz in great distress.
4k«n on board bv Capt- C irpender by the
advicv Mr Clifford. Capt. C.reports all quiet
in \ era Cruz, gad nothing new—Fu' 1 i
Mr. Thadeu, Stereo,, member elect from
i ennsylvania. ts pledged.il is x-d. to introduce
a biti on the first day of the lueeUßg of the
. thirty first Congress. :e abolish slavery u- the
District of CeHumbia.
rp“ln Charlestown. Mass., petitions are cir
( culaitng m taw ar of ;ts annexation to Boston.
ryCopper mining on B g lake, according '
I to Uie New \ ork Tribune, proves a failure
Artificial, or Indurated Stone.
A process has been discovered, according to
the following extract from the London Mining
Journal of July 22d, by which a soft and use
less stone becomes hard and valuable. This
seems almost too much to believe, but we have
learned to think twice before we express doubt
in relation to almost any thing; we therefore
will not doubt these statements, yet will not
promise to believe them without more evi
dence. The writer of the Journal says, in re
lation to “Hutchinson’s Indurated Stone :”
“ We have much pleasure in observing that ■
this valuable material is quietly, but surely for
cing its way in public estimation The princi
pal materials at present operated upon are the
beautiful freestone at Caen, in Normandy, and
a worthless sandstone which crumbles between
the fingers at Caiverley Quarry, Tonbridge,
Kent, but which as we have before stated in
our notices on the subject, is rendered as hard
and durable as granite. The patentee,tn whose
long-persevering efforts must be ascribed the
perfection to which the processes are brought,
still, in most handsome manner, publicly de
clines the merit due to the original invention
it was first discovered by M. Charles Le Goiix,
of Bayeux, Normandy, and of whom Mr.
Hutchinson purchased the brevet d'invention
which had been taken out for France, and has
since taken out patents for this and other coun
tries. We think the merits of the substance
produced are now generally becoming known
to the public ; mid as time continues to give ad
ditional proofs of its economy and the perfect
indestructibility of the materials, and as proba
bly still further improvements may be made in
coloring during the indurating process, render
ing it more applicable than at present to the
finer works of art, it is likely to become one of
the most valuable discoveries of this extraordi
narily inventive age. As we have so often
fully described the processes and their effects,
it would be superfluous for us on this occasion
to repeat them. To show, however, that our
favorable opinions are fully borne out by
others, we give the following from the Sussex
Express :
“ Having heard much of Mr. Hutchinson’s
method of indurating stone, we were induced to
visit his works at Jack Wood's Spring, Thurs
day last. We had been prepared to expect to
find that the stone which had been subject to the
process of induration had been metamop osed;
but we must confess we were not prepared to
see the soft stone at Jack Wood’s, which in its
natural stale crumbles to powder with the
slightest pressure between the thumb and fin
ger. rendered as hard as granite or marble. Se
veral pieces that were shown us were close im
itations of various kinds of the most beauti
fully grained and black marble ; and as by this
process it is rendered absolutely imperishable
from atmospheric action, and capable of receiv
ing the highest polish, we can, without the
slightest hesitation, accord to Mr Hutchin
son the merit of making one of the most extra
ordinary discoveries of the present age. The
purposes to which this patent can be applied
are innumerable. The softest stone, chalk,
wood, paper, &.c. can be rendered as hard as
metal,so that even useless rubbish can be turned
to the most valuable purpose ; and to crown
all. the cost much lower than any otherthat has
hitherto been introduced for purposes to which
it can be applied. Os course, in the space of
a newspaper paragraph, it would be impossi
ble to enumerate a tithe of the benefits this dis
covery is likely to confer on society ; but from
the information we gathered while inspecting
the works, we consider it highly deserving the
attention of engineers, architects, sculptors,
builders, and even of surveyors of highways.”
The Postage Treat y with Great Brit
ain does not, we are sorry to learn, at present
advices, include anything more than a neutral
ized rate of postage between England and
the United Slates. American mails to France
and Germany, are not affected in any existing
arrangement, nor the transit of mails to and
from Canada. The Government has not
agreed to transport the British mails, in bulk,
from and to Canada, from our ports, and will
not do it, unless the British Government should
reciprocate the privilege by transporting our
mails for the Continent at a like late. As
things stand, our letters are charged with a
heavy postage, in their transit from Great Brit
ain to France or Germany. The British Gov
ernment have not proposed to treat on the
subject, but agreed that the sea rate of ie’ters
should be the same both in zlmencan and
British packets—and that the rate of postage
shall be ten pence—twenty cents. The inland
postage in both countries will conform wiih
their respective postage rates. A letter from
Washington, whether by a British or .Ameri
can steamer, will pay twenty nine cents, to wit:
from London to Liverpool, a penny; from
Liverpool to New York, ten pence; port charge
in New York, two cents, postage to Washing
ton. five cents—total, twenty-nine cents —the
postage would be in both cases prepaid. This
is a reduction of only four cents. Fo’rmerly,
the United States sent the British mails in
bulk, from Boston to St Johns, 360 miles, hi
five cents a letter. Our government will agree
to do that again with reciprocity, and not
without.
Speech of the Vice President Elect
We learn from the New York Commercial,
that the Hon. Millard Fillmore was waned up
on at the Irvins House, on 'Tuesday evening
last, in that city, by the Whig General Com
mittee. and their Chairman. Hou. Philip Hone
addressed him in some congratulatory remarks,
expressing the confidence of his fellow* citizens
that, in the distinguished position he was called
upon to fill, he would seek only the ctiuuirv’s.
weiraic iridi lie would protect and promote
the arts of peace, and consult the good of the
people.
Mr. Fillmore replied very happily, acknow
ledging the compliment, and modestly at
tributing the success of the Whig nomination
to the name of General Taylor, of whom he
said :
“ In that man. and his simplicity, energy and
straightforwardness. 1 have the highest confi
deuce. I have never had the honor of taking
him by the hand, or of meeting him face to face,
but I have studied well his character, and 1 feel,
therefore, that I know him well—for it is a
character plain and open, to be read by every
body, and not of that complex nature that de
ludes and puzzles the observer. 1 have no
doubt that under his administration you will
realize all the high and patriotic expectations
tiiat you entertain, and that the country will
receive an impetus and a direction, under his
honest hands, that will go far, not only to make
it flourish, but to make its instiutions endure
I look to him with confidence for a restoration
of sound republican principles, and for an ad
ministration of honest men ; and with him. I
am sure, we shall have the government of th*
popular voice—not the expression of the arbi
trary will ol one man. What the people de
mand. the people will have, and upon them
will depend the success of the administration
of Zachary Taylor. (Cheers )
Gentlemen. 1 thank you heartily for the kind
ness with which you have welcomed me, and I
wish you all happiness and prosperity. (Pro
longed cheering.) Mr. Fillmore, the Com
merciul says, is looking remarkably well.
Savannah Exports.—Value of Exports in
October, 1947,. $44,138
Value of Exporte in October, 1843, 152 36-1
Balance in favor of 1948,5108,22'’
Value of Expor s in November, 1847, up to
18'h,.- $55,119
Value of Exports in November, 1848, upto
14th, 169,963
Balance in favor of 1848,5114,844
Thus it appears that the value of Exports for
October and the first fourteen days of Novem
ber, amount to some $223 000 more than for
'he same time last year.—Sur. Republican.
Capital in Cincinnati.— The valuation of
Cincinnati for 1848. is as follows:
Real Estates2B,B2o 410
Personal Estate 9,409,836
Total 38,230,246
The same for 1847, was.
Reid E5tate527,902,220
Personal Estate 9,159,960
Total. 37.062,150
Difference for 1848. $1,168,066
This shows a gain over 1847 of nearly three
and one seventh (3 1-7) per cent.-- Cincinnati
Gazette.
Tne Journal of Commerce." in its leading ar
ticle has a view’ at the Polls,” in which it
sketches voters as they came up. Here is one
sketch :
“ But behold these two gentlemen dressed in black,
walking up with great calmness, yet with considera
ble spirit, and depositing each his ballot, as if he had
discharged a Christian duty. They are clergymen—
no ma>ter of what denomination—for those of every
shade of belief went in at the ;»olls for Taylor, as the
surest peace man to be found tn the country; for he
has beheld with an agonised heart the horrors of
war, and fervently wishes that the terrific vision may
never be renewed. Congenial to these is another
class of peace men, to which that gentleman belongs
with the broad brimmed hat and drab suit. With
much saiisfactinu we saw venerable, tranquil, de
termined Quakers go up and vote the Taylor ticket
as the best «»f the bunch. That litle “inevitable war”
speech of Cass has lost him many votes, while the
noble humanity of the real old soldier amid the cruel
ties ol the bloody field has gained him inulti’udes.”
The Tribune shows how the people have an
nulled the Locofoco Proviso annexed to the
vote of thanks for the capture of Monterey, in
troduced into Congress on the 30th of June.
1847. A hundred thousand majority on the
popular vote, the Tribune thinks, annuls the
Proviso, and gives Gen. Taylor an uncondi
tional vote of thanks.
Oaks.—Prof. Beck says the oaks of the forest
are known with tolerable certainty, to attain
the ages of 800 or 900 nears, and are the most
aged trees that we possess. Pines are stated
by Dr. William*, in his history of Vermont, to
live from l? 50 to 400 years. Os the oaks com
prised under the genius quercus, bota
nists are acquainted with more than 440 species
of which more than half belong to America.—
In this State there are fifteen various species.as
follows : Mossy cup. post white, swamp
white, swampche«nut, yellow rock chesnut,
dwarf chesnut. willow. tHack. red or scarlet,
pm and red oak. The whi e oak is the most
valuable of all, being extensively employed in
ship building. In England in 100 years’ time,
the price of ship building advanced 11 per cent.
Sinclair, in his Code of Agriculture, stated that
a74 gun ship required 3<Xk) load* of wood,
the prodace of 30 acres, each tree standing 33
tee: apart Hence the importance of cultiva
ting the oak. and where the young trees are
raised, the ground should be cultivated for 20
years at least.
P*op;taslk Copper Mines.—A company
of Engtisk » e 2?^ einen have been about a year
at work mining anJ suiehtng copper ore near
Dr. Wetheri I s farm.cn i.7« Schuvlkill. oppo
site Valley Forge These ;.2 u gh once
tried at great cost and abandoned, era ax tfiis
ume x. 4 io be doing well, and if the ore cou- j
t.nues as gved as it Las Uns year, they are I
worth more thin the best mines uii Lake Suj I
penor —FuiodciMM
The Tubular Bridge.—The latest railway
novelty is the great tubular bridge over the
Conway Straits, in Wales, through which pass
the trains from London to Hollyhead. This
is considered one of the greatest works of mo
dern engineering skill, and is the joint produc.
tion of Messrs. Stephenson, Fairhairn, Hodg
kinson and Clark.
The leviathan tube was lifted upon the piers
under the superintendence of Capt. Claxton,
R. N., noted for his exertions in raising the
unfortunate Great Britain steamer. 'To form
some idea of the huge iron fabric which now
spans the Conway, you have only to imagine
the Thames tunnel transposed—that is to say
suspended eighteen feet over, instead of pass
ing so many feel under the Thames, wi*h no
midway support, restingsolely upon piers four
hundred feet apart.
This immense tube is composed of a series
of iron plates, rivited together Its entire
length is four hundred and twenty-four feet—
its inside width is fourteen feet throughout, its
height twenty-two and a half feet at either end.
but rising to twenty-five feet in the centre
The weight of each tube is thirteen hundred
tons, (there are two.) so that the weight of the
whole is twenty six hundred tons burthen from
bank The elevation of the tube is eighteen
feet above high water mark The wrought
iron plates of which they are composed vary
from halfan inch to seven-eighths of an in thick
ness. On the iron floor of the tube about se
venty solid transverse beams are laid about 12
inches square and five feet in the clear apart;
upon these cross beams are laid longitudinally,
and to these the cradles that secure the rails tor
the trains to pass upon are screwed Eachtube
has cost about £60,000, or $300,000. —A’. F.
Commercial.
Another Attack on the Malays.—Re
cent accounts from Singapore say that two
Dutch vessels of war had attacked the town of
Lulu, and burnt a portion of the place. The
fire destroyed the street of the merchant nam
ed Sacsajan, inhabited by Chinese, his tenants,
containing property of great value, which was
reduced to ashes, with the houses of the Cots
and those of the Englishman named Wm
Wyndham, and of the Daitas Bandahara, and
Mari Badol By these operations, three Chi
nese and eight Moors were killed, twenty-five
wounded and six taken prisoners by the boats
in the mat houses. The refusal of the Malays
to give up some captives claimed as subjects of
Holland was the cause of this attack.— Boston
Journal.
The Fly.—Near Rohrersville, in Washing
ton county, Md Mr Daniel Hofi'erhas just fin
ished sowing a field of wheat a secund time the
first sowing having been entirely swept by the
flv. A number of other fields in the neighbor
hood have shared the same fate. These fields
are all stubble-ground.
ted all day on Monday through the streets of
Boston, in honor of Gen. Taylor’s election.
French Sewing Machine —Late French
exchanges say that Jean de Capelin petit, or
little John Capelin, has invented a sewing ma
chine that makes 240 .stitches per minute, which
by the turn of a screw are changed from fine to
coarse in a moment. It will sew. stitch and
make edgings by the same movement.
After his nomination, Mr. Cass in a set
speech, intimated that a glorious triumph
awaited him and his friends. He doubtless
thinks, by this time, that a great change has
been going on in the public mind.”— Alabama
Journal.
The Laziest Man.—A worthy old citizen
of Newport, who had the reputation of being
the laziest man alive—so lazy, indeed, that he
used to weed the garden in a rocking chair,
rocking forward to take hold of the weed, and
backward to uproot—has away of fishing,
peculiarly his own. He used to drive his
white-faced mare down to the spot where the
iautog (blackfish) might be depended on for
weight from two to twelve pounds—back his
gig down to the water, pu* out his line, and
when the tailing was safely hooked start the old
mare, and pull him out.
Lead and Coal in .Arkansas.—'The hands
in the lead and coal mines of Arkansas, are
busily engaged in raising the ore. deposites of
which seem to be inexhaustible. Discoveries
of many new leads have lately been made. In
“ prospecting” for lead, about six miles north
east of the main “ diggins,” a few days since
a bed of fine coal was struck a few feet from
the surface of the ground. At the last ac
counts the shaft had been sunk some distance
into the coal, and it was thought that the bed
would prove to be very thick and extended
over a large area.
Evening Hours of Mechanics.—“ What,”
says the North of Scotland Gazette, in an arti
cle in favor of the early closing of shops.
• what have evening hour* done for mechanics
who had only ten hours toil ? What in the mo
ral, what in the religious, wha* in the scientific
world? Hearken to these facts ! One of the
best editors the Westminister Review could
ever boast, and one of the must brilliant writers
of our day, was a cooper in Aberdeen
One of the editors of a London daily journal
was a baker in Elgin ; perhaps the best repor
ter on the London 'Times was a weaver in Ed
inburgh : the editor of the Witness was a
stone mason. One of the ablest ministers in
London was a blacksmith in Dundee ; another
was a watchmaker in Banff; the late Dr. Md
tie of China was a herd hoy in Rhine; the
Principal of the London Missionary Society’s
College at Hong Kong was a saddler at Hunt
ley ; and one of the best missionaries that ever
went to India was a tailor in Keith. The lead
ing mae.hiiuM on ih- 1— a o-—■ -
Railway; with £7OO a year, was a mechanic
in Glasgow ; and perhaps the very richest iron
founder in England, was a work ng man in
Moray. Sir James Clarke, her Majesty’s phy
sician, was a druggist in Banti'. Joseph Hume
was a sailor first, and then a laborer at the pes
tle and mortar in Montrose ; Mr. Macgregor
the member for Glasgow, was a poor boy in
Rosshire ; James Wilson the member for
Westbury, was a ploughman in Haddington ;
ami Author Anderson, the member for Orkney
earned his bread by the sweat of his brow in
the Ultima Thule.” What an array of great
workingmen. Like New England, the excel
lent parish school sys etn of Scotland.has made
her sons honored and renowned throughout
the world. The evening hums of our young
mechanics are more valuable than they are
aware of and it would be well it in our cities
some better places of resort ware to be found
fur the moral and mental encouragement of
oiiryoung men. There are few who have hid
an opportunity ofjndging like ourselves, of the
great necessity of good Mechanics’ Associations
lor our young men. Some such institutions es
will woo them from the many snares and fool
ish wiles that lead them into lolly and the mind
lark for the waul of knowledge.— Scientific
American.
A Plea For Hibituxl Cold Bathing.—
We are no hydropathists in the ordinary ac
ceptation of the term but while we do not be
lieve all diseases may be cured bv the applica
tion of cold water, we are certain that many
may be prevented by it.
In our large cities, frequent bathing has be
comean almost universal practice. Few hou
ses are built without a room furnished with all
the etceteras for plunge and shower bath In
many, both hot and cold water are introduced,
hut the tepid bath, unless for very frail consti
tutions who are unable to bear the shock of
the cold plunge, does very little good. To
those thus supplied, we have very little to sav
more than to advise them not to neglect such
opportunities ; but we were astonished on a re
cent country excursion, to find how few fam
ilies were supplied with anything like conve
niences for this ~a id to neatness.” —this health
preserving habit.
In many instances, a bath house might have
been erected at a very small expense, and clear
ice cold water supplied in abundance from
neighboring brooks, or ponds. Again a little
stream coursed by at the door, and might still
more easily have been put to profitable use.
Our farmers never forget the barn, the corn
crib, or the “ spring house,“ but a bath room,
quite as necessary to the comfort and health of
their household, rarely enters into the calcu
lation. Even when it is impossible to convey
a sufficient supply of the element directly into
the house, a sponge, and plentiful buckets will
be found ro answer the purpose admirably,
where a city bath is unattainable. No person
is excusable for neglecting a daily ablution,
with the common ” wash-bowl and pitcher.” ap
paratus within reach, and with them and a
square of oil cloth to protect the carpet or floor,
he may gain comfort and increasing strength,
with very little trouble aud expense.
We have seen families in the country, nor
was it many years ago—where once a week
wasconsidered often enough for bathing, aye.
and we blush to write it.some extended the
period indefinitely, particularly in winter
Pace and hands duly cared for morning and af
ternoon. the duty of neatness was supposed to
be fulfilled This is an unpleasant truth but
not the less a fact; and we fear this state of
chines has not altogether passed away.
The only objection that can be urged against
this healthful practice, is prompted by indo
lence—a cowardly shirking from the trouble;
aud mat hap from the chill of the first plunge,
but this grows less and less—habit steps in to
aid us and by rising a few minutes earlier, the
busiest man or woman may secure the ne
cessary lime. Then the warm glow and brisk,
healthful circulation that succeeds the chill, is
an ample repayment for all transient discom
fort. The uushirking use of a coarse crash
towel.—a short, quick walk in the open air. if
possible directly after, and our word for it, the
most delicate of you all will return wi*h such
an appetite as you never knew by going from
chamber to breakfast room, without the ap
plication prescribed above;—a prescription
that we would eforce by earnest solicitations,
for a trial at least, to those of our readers who
wish for a longlife, and a healthful one.— Seal's
Gazette.
Something of a Curiosity.—A short time
ago there was found at K'manning. Armstrong
county. Pa . a gun barrel in the trunk of a hem
lock tree, the barrel passing through the tree
horizontally, and almost grown in. The barrel
was a little more than three feet in length. I:
had a square breech and dated to the muzzle,
which is also what is called a bell muzzle, dif
fering from any style of gun now in use. or
which has been in use within the recollection
of •• the oldest inhabitants.” I: has the appear
ance of being an elegantly finished article —
sights being pure gold and its drench pm pure
silver. How came it there, and how long it
had been there, are questions which ask so u
lion. It must have been lost or left there long
before the tree commenced growth ; but how
long before, or by whom, no one can tel! or s ir
unse- The age of the tree, judging from the
number of grains in it on either side of the
heart, is 100 vears. and vet strange to say. the
gun bore but very slight traces of ru«t or de
cay. When found, tne breech was just above
die level of the ground, and 'lie uruz'e s! ght
ly imbedded in me earth. H was loaded with
a ball.
Railroad Iron.—lt is said '.hat orders were
seiu to Lag'and for hMi t<<ns of ra road iron
during the last ycij to relay me N w York aui
New Eng.and roads with
Tiie Three Damsels.
“Come hither, my beautiful Jean, and my
fair Lilias,” said the venerable Countess of Mo
ray. to her laughing, happy grand daughters—
“come hither, my children, and spend the Hal
lowe’en with me. It is true I have not prepar
ed the charms of the night, nor am I ready to
join you in the incantations of the season ; but
1 have a tale may suit it well; and you will
hot like it the less because the gray head tells
you with her own lips, the story of her day,
when her locks were as while as the berry, and
her eyes as beaming as your own. ’
“That, in truth, shall we not. noble grand*
mother.” said the sparkling Lilias; “but yet
would I have the charm of Hallowe’en. Ah,
little can’st thou dream how dear this night is
to the expecting maiden ! Let us perform the
rites of the even, and to-morrow, grandam, thy
’ale shall find us most attentive listeners.”
“Ah, true Scots,” said the countess, “thus
clinging to the wonderful, and seeking to peep
into futurity ; but try not the charm, my chil
dren. if you love me. Alas’ 1 think not of it
without tears, and a sorrow unspoken of till
now; for the fate of a friend, dear to my early
youth, gushes into my bosom. Sit, my chil
dren, and my story shall repay you for this* loss
ofyour time; me, it W *H please to speak
of’he things gone by ; and if it convince you,
as I trust it will, of the folly of these supersti
tions, I shall have more than gained my pur
pose’ Will my children listen ?”
“ What is there we can refuse you, noble
grandam!” said the lovely Jean, burying her
locks of amber amid the snowy curls of the
venerable countess. “Speak on, then; you
have made us listeners already—and hark !
wind, rain, and snow—a goodly night for a
tale. Tell on, dear grandam.”
“It was on this very eve, many years since,
my children.” began the noble lady, to her au
ditors, “that three lovely daughters of a noble
house assembled together in a dreary wood, to
try the charm of the night, which, if successful,
was to give to their earnest sight the nhantom
form of the lover who was afterwards to be
come the husband. Their powerful curiosity
had stifled their fear (for they were as timed as
beamifnl,)on their first setting out on this ex
pedition; but, on finding themselves alone in
the dark and melancholy wood, some touches
of cowardice and compunction assailed them
together, and they determined, by a somewhat
holy beginning, to sanctify the purpose which
had taken them thither. They were too > oung
t<« laugh at this mock compact between God
and the Devil; and, therefo e, when Cather
ine, the eldest sister, began in an audible voice
to recite the prayer against witchcraft, the
others joined in it most deyoutjy. Niiuz then,
fortified against evil, thor*'"' courage rose with
every additional sentence; and when the soft
voice of the young Agnes, the loveliest an'd
youngest of the three, steadily responded the
‘ amen.’ they were as courageous as was ne
cessary, and no longer fearful of the power of
the evil one. I know not, my children, all the
forms used upon this occasion; but Catherine,
after repealing certain words in a solemn voice,
advanced before her sisters, and quietly placed
upon the ground her offering to the shade she
had invoked, as by his conduct towards it, she
was to judge of her future prospects. It was a
beautiful rose tree which she had chosen, and
the flowers were full and many ; and the sisters
were contemplating from a distance the rich
ness of their line, when they were startled by
the clashing of arms, and the loud outcries of
men in fierce contention, breaking upon the
stillness of the night. For a moment they hesi
tated whether to fly or remain concealed, when
iheirdoubts were decided by the rapid ap
proach of a stern, stalely Highland chief, who,
brandishing his broadsword, swept on to the
rose- ree as if he would annihilate from tne
earth its fair and fragile beauty. Suddenly he
paused—his arm was no longer raised to de
stroy —the weapon dropped gently down be
side the tree —and they saw his blue eye look
mildly and kindly on the flower, as, bending
down to gather them, he faded from their sight
in the action. Catherine was by no means dis
pleased with her fortune; and the appearance
of her handsome bridegroom gave courage to
the other two to hasten the coming of theirs.
Marian, the second sister removed the tree,
placing alilly bough in its stead, then, with a
beating heart and wandering eye, repeated the
charm. Again the silence was broken, as the
quick but steady tramp of a warrior’s horse
struck upon the ear, and the shade of a noble
cavalier dismounting from his phantom steed,
advanced slowly, very slowly, towards the lilly ;
his face was beautiful but sad—beyond expres
sion, sad ; and they saw a tear fall upon the
flower as he pressed it gently to his bosom
He. too. had faded like a dream when the gen
tle Agnes advanced to perform her part in the
witcheries of the night. She trembled, but she
would not recede, and faintly repeating the
charm, hung her white handkerchief on the
branch of a distant tree. This time there was
no sound; from the v/ood there came a long
and sable procession of horse and foot, follow
ing a coffin that was steadily borne toward
'hem; many were the ghastly attendants sup
porting the pall, and many were the shadowy
mourners that followed. Agnes watched with
breathless attention the march of the phan om
dead; they advanced slowly and steadily till
they came to the tree where her white offering
fluttered lightly in the air; it was seen suspend
ed a moment above them, then dropped amid
the cavalcade, and Agnes beheld the pale fin
gers of the chief mourner clutch al the offering
as it fell.
“ Days, weeks, months passed away, and
-till found Agnes drooping over her blighted
hopes, and expecting the death of which the
omen of the forest had assured her; but still
she died not —and was every succeeding month
astonished that she yet lived. She now began
to doubt the truth of the omen—more especial
-ij Trwmx; *‘ a ' l yci vtcuucu rrei
sister, who was betrothed to and about to be
come the wife of a favorite of the king, who had
earnestly sought her hand. Agnes thought she
too, might listen to a tale of love ; and such a
one as was soon told her by a noble lover, and
her sovereign’s blood, she listened to with
pleasure. Waller was now her all; and the
omen ol the forest was forgotten.
“ 'The marriage of Catharine was appointed
to take place at a country residence of her affi
anced husband, and Agnes, with her betrothed,
was invited to be present Marian, too, was
there, and no happiness could have been more
complete than that of the bridal party; but a
dark night set upon this brilliant morning. Ere
they could reach the church, which was to be
the scene of their union, the Highlanders had
descended in force from the mountains and as
sailed the unarmed guests. ‘ 'The Camerons
come !’ cn**d the shrieking maidens ami flew
in all directions from their sight. The bride
groom fell in the conflict; tne bride, as she
rushed to the side of her dying husband, was
clasped in the arm* of the insolent chief, and
borne away to his bridal bed in the Highlands.
Marian escaped in the tumult: and Waller
preserved his adored, by the effect of his des
perate valor, cutting with his sword a passage
ihrough his toes, and encouraging the .armed
men, who came to their assistance, to drive the
invaders from their hold. They were success
ful ; and silence accompanied by sorrow, again
reigned in the halls of the youu n and hapless
bridegroom.
But the greatest evil resulting from this
cruel inroad was the sad effect it had upon the
mind ot Agnes. Her belief in the omens of
the forest was returned : her confidence in her
prospects was shaken; and with the same feel
ing that bids the giddy wretch throw himself at
once from the precipice over which he shall
fall, she determined to hasten the destiny which
she now firmly believed to await her. Con
vinced by the fate ofher sister of the certain
fulfilmentof her own. she resolved to spare her
lover the anguish of beholding her expire : and
for this purpose, suddenly broke off’ all con
nection with him. and refused to admit him to
her presence. Walter’s hope still struggled
with his despair; he made some earnest ap
peals to her tenderness, her reason and her
gratitude. Agnes was deaf to all; she be
lieved hersell destined to fall an early victim to
death, and that that bridegroom would snatch
her from an earthly one, even at the altar’s
foot. Walter, heart-broken, retired from his
home, and joining the cavalier army of the
King, sought, in the tumult of a military life,
forgetfulness of the wound his calmer days had
given. In the intervals of his visits to his fami
ly. Marian became interested in his welfare;
.-he saw him frequently, spoke to him of Agnes,
soothed his sufferings by her compassion, and
gratified his pride by her admiration. He had
no thought for any other; and, though he lov
ed not Marian, she became his trusted friend,
his companion, and finally his wife. It was tier
will, not his; and what woman ever failed in
her determination over man? They were
wretched.
The heart of Walter had not been interes
ted, and the tender Marian was such as to re
quire its delicate preference. She became
jealous, irritable, perverse and soon taught her
hapless husband the difference between herself
and the gentle Agnes. Such a course could
have but one termination : stretched at length
on that sick bed which was to be her last, she
sent to desire the attendance of her young sis
j ter. Agnes obeyed the mandate but only ar
i rived in time to meet the funeral procession
: which conducted the hapless Marian to her
; early grave. The widower instantly recogniz
ed. from a distance, his young heart’s love and
j rapidly flew to meet her ; and as she shed tears
, of unfeigned sorrow for his loss, he look die
■ white handkerchief she held, and tenderly dried
I them away O ’ at that moment, how deeply
■ Agnes sighed! She beheld in this scene the
fulfilment of the omen, and wept to think she
had thus wasted some of the best years of her
iife. and trifled with her lover’s happiness and
her own. ’Oh. srliy delusion !’ she exclaimed
in bitterness of heart.’of what hast thou not
bereaved me 1’ After the period of mourning
had expired, she gave her hand to Walter, and
endeavored, in making his days tranquil, to
forget the felicity she had lost.’’
” But they were wedded, grandam dear.”
said the beautiful L bias, laughing: -what more
would the people have had
Youth, and * ls love. and its hope, and al! its
bright and gracious feeling.” said the venera
ble countess* "they had all tied witfi time, and
nothing but their remembrance remained with
Agnes ami her VS alter, which made her lot
more bitter- He was. at their wedlock, past
even in.uih’»od s prime ; she was no longer
young: and. though not wretched, yet they
were not happy : and it was only in their des
cendents they looked for felicity. Agnes has
found it truly but for Walter
” Grandam* it i< your own tale you tell, and
our grandsire’s. I un certain by the tears which
roll down your face,” replied Lilias. -Ah. I
will wait Heaven’s own good time for a hus
band. and try tb ese charms no more K>s me,
i noble gr-iiidam l your Liiiaa will never forget
! the tale o f Halkn ve en
Votes the Native Places of the Can
’ didate* o: tbe three candidates for the
Presidency Oid Zack is die only one who bo
i obtained i ’majority in his native place a: me
> -- '
I n.tving 2 :\en bun a ma J oril - v of 13 over Cass.
I while the s-une county went against Clay m
« 1?44 bv 41. Gen Taylor also obtained a ma
‘ jority over each of bis opponents in their r*a
u.o towns. Thus, the vote of Exeter, New
Hampithru, (the birth-place of Gen. Ca<*.)
give T .-.. r 2’l. Cass 177. Van Buren 72.
K n ierho ... Column.& county, New York,
V lif i‘s I r...-: ice, -1 lyior 2.‘C.
Van Buren 244. Cass 169.
Augusta, ®a.:
TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 21, 1848.
Humbug Extraordinary.
Conventions are the order of the day, and
South Carolina seems to be the hot bed for
vegetating them just at this particular juncture.
Among the most recent humbugs of the genus
convention, is one to regulate the price of cot
ton, which seems to find quite a number of ad
vocates in that State of conventions. That
such a project should receive a moment’s seri
ous consideration, even in Carolina, where no
proposition in the line ofconventionsseeins too
absurd to acquire advocates, is passing strange.
Yet strange as it may appear to a practical bu
siness man, it is seriously urged, and its adap
tation to the desired object argued with a great
degree of earnestness and apparent confidence.
Few, if any, of the above advocates have, how
ever, proclaimed the means by which the great
desideratum is to be attained—indeed, we have
not seen a single plan suggested, except one
from a correspondent of the Abbeville Banner,
which, for its novelty and the extraordinary
character of the means to be employed, we sub
join:
Cotton Planters. — Mr. Editor: The time Ims
come when this class of planters must do something
for themselves, or they will be driven out of employ
ment and their slave-labor rendered valueless. This,
in fact, to a great extent, is already their case ; for, at
the present low price, their cotton does not pay them
for more than for one-third of the labor bestowed upon
it. What, then, is to be done? We answer —Let
there be a Convention of all the cotton growing States,
and let that Convention ascertain the actual expendi
ture of capital in making and preparing cotton for mar
ket, and, then, let no man sell a pound of it under the
ascertained value. This would very soon bring cot
ton buyers to reason.
In order to carry out this plan, I would suggest that
each of the cotton Stales should establish a Bank, for
the purpose of advancing money, on the faith of cot
ton, to those who are obliged to have money before
their cotton could be sold at the fixed value; which,
by the way, would not be long; or, if the name of a
Bank is too great a bug-bear, call it by some other
name; or, let the collective wisdom of the Conven
tion devise some other means to meet the emergen
cies of the case, that is, let some arrangement be put
on foot bet ween creditors and debtors, by which the
latter would bo permitted to hold their co f _tpn until it
..O—nt ttir. -pTTCe. WDO —_
in a Convention ? Abbeville.
Ridiculous and absurd as this plan of “ Ab
•berille” is, it is as equally entitled to considera
tion as any other that may be proposed—and
would accomplish as much. Conventions,
without authority of law to sustain and execute
their resolves, are as powerless as any other
sell-constituted body unknown to the law, and
would be as little regarded by the great mass
of the people. Any effort, therefore, made by
such a body to regulate and sustain the price of
cotton by any such means, would have about
the same effect upon the value of our great sta
ple as upon the value of tea among the Celes
tials.
If the cotton planters desire to elevate the
value of their staple, they must abandon the
ruinous system of buying more negroes and
land to cultivate more cotton—they must diver
sify their labor, increase the production of grain
and other articles for home consumption and
export; and instead of investing their surplus
capital in negroes and lands, invest it in manu
factures, and draw around and among them in
every neighborhood of the South an industri
ous, thriving, laboring white population to con
sume their surplus products and manufacture
their staple. Such a policy, pursued rigidly,
would do more to elevate the value of cotton
to remunerating prices than all the Con
ventions that will or can assemble in half
a century, while it will effectually protect
the South against the effects of the political
agitationsand the fluctuations in the monetary
affairs of Europe, and at the same time render
the Cotton planters of the South the most in
dependent class of citizens in the Republic.
Truth Fitly Spoken.—Hon. A. I). Sims,
Representative in Congress from the fourth
district of South Carolina, addressed the people
at George'own recently.
The Georgetown Observer gives a short sy
nopsis of his remarks, stating that he took
strong Democratic ground, and administered
a wholesome rebuke to that party in the State
who are trying to form a sectional or geographi
cal political party, and showed conclusively
that if they succeeded they would only do so
on the ruin of our unrivalled Government.
“ We think,” says the Observer, “ it time the press
and the public men of our State should speak out plain
ly on the dangerous tendency of such resolutions as
have passed large public meetings recently held in
this State. We .are not prepared to calculate the valne
of tin* Union, nor hatewe forgotten the tryingscenes
of 1828 to 1832. In that contest South Carolina was
placed in a position which is now condemned by those
who made it. We shall resist any and all attempts
to put the State tn such a placg and we ardeuty
wili unite with us in resisting such movements.”
Alabama Election.—The Montgomery.
(Ala.) State Gazette of the 17th inst., state
that returns have been received from all the
counties in Alabama, which, footed up. gives
Cass 625 majority. The Gazette says the re
turns are nearly all official, and with one excep
tion (Coffee county, which is set down at 23
majority for Cass,) may be relied on as correct
This sets the question at rest as to the final re
sult in Alabama
Death of a Member of Congress.—The
Hon. A. D. Sims, of S. C., died at his resi
dence near Georgetown, on Thursday last, af
ter a few days illness.
For California.—The N. O. Mercury, of
the 15th inst.. says: We noticed some weeks
ago that a society had been organized in this
city for the purpose of emigrating to California.
It is contemplated to purchase a vessel by sub
scription, which will take the emigrants to San
Francisco, and will be sold there for the benefit
of the subscribers. A meeting of the society
was held last evening, when a committee re
ported that the s’eam propeller McKitn can be
purchased for $6,000, which, being considered
a fair valuation, it was resolved that a subscrip
tion be opened for members wishing to obtain
shares in the vessel at that price, at the rate of
$ 100 per share, and that each stockholder be
entitled to a passage to San Francisco, for him
self alone. Twenty-two shares were taken.
The Steamer Cherokee arrived at Sa
vannah on Saturday in 60 hours from New
York with 107 passengers.
Jamaica Beggared.—A correspondent of
the London Times writing from Jamaica says
—“There is an almost utter impossibility of
realizing produce of any kind. The whole
island is downright beggared, and I see no
prospect of improvement. The planters are
becoming poorer every day, and consequently
there is little or no money circulati .g among the
laborers. Numbers of estates are out of culti
vation.
Hydrophobia—A boy eight years old died
on Tuesday in Willet street, New York, of
hydrophobia He was brtten several months
ago. A cotemporary says there exists an es
sential. said to be an infallible specific against
this disease, in a substance called hydrophobine,
and known, we believe, to most physicians.
The best reliance, however, is on cutting away
the wound as soon as possible from the bite,
and cauterizing it with a red-hot iron. This
has. as far as we know, or have read, never
failed.
Virginia Gold.—The Richmond Enquirer
says that recent and extensive discoveries of
deposites of gold have been made in Louisa
county. It says:
A late discovery on the land of Mr Boxley,
conducted by Messrs. Rawlins A Fisher, is
said to surpass the mines of South America.
The place is called “Ally Cooper’s,” about
two miles south west of the north branch of the
Pamunkey river. Mr. Rawlins, the lucky tind
er. wa-hed in a small pan in a few hours, (not
exceeding seven,) between three and four hun
dred pennyweights, (94 cents to thedwt.) Mr.
F. has also discovered a very rich mine at Tin
der’s. with the prospect of an extensive de
posite or vein.
The mine of Mr. T. B. Harris, wrought by
Mr G. W. Fisher, continues to yield richly,
and a few hands are collecting from 100 to $175
per day. A few days since we saw a large bar
of gold, weighing about 500 dwt.. from the
White Walnut mine, said to be exceedingly
rich.
The Flavor of Coffee, we see it stated,
may be very much improved by adding forty
or fifty grains of carbonate of soda to each
pound of roasted coffee. In addition to im
proving the flavor, the soda makes the coffee
more wholesome, as it neutralizes the acid con
tained in the infusion.
More Whipping to Death.—On Saturday
last, Lewis Thomas, mister, and Peter Johnson,
mate, of the ship Unicorn, were brought up at
Boston, charged with causing the death of John
Smith, alias John McLennan, on the 26th of
October, at sea, by beating, kicking and whip
ping with a rope. Smith lingered five days,
and the defence is he died of disease.
Secession from the Church of Rome.—
On Sunday last, a ceremony took place at Ro
chester. N Y It was the seces-ion of thirty
six German families from the Church of Rome,
under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Giustiniani,
who ha* been laboring among the German po
pulation of that city about two months and a
half.
The Grave of the Brave —Philadelphia
is the honored burial place of eleven of our
brave old Commodores, viz : Decatur, Bain
bridge. Barney. Truxton. Shaw, Hull, Rodgers,
Porter. Elliot, Dallas and Biddle.
Grape Culture in Missouri.—Farms in
the neighborhood of Hermann. Missouri, have
risen very much of late, in consequence of the
increased cultivation of Uie vine. A Mr. Poe
scheL who has a vineyard of not quite one
acre, which was planted with Catawba grape in
the Spring of made from it this year
JOOt’gallon* of wine, and die value of the whole
product of the vineyard was SI7OO.
From the N. O. Picayune, 15th inst.
Mexican News.
We received, yesterday afternoon, our files
of Mexican papers and correspondence. The
papers come down to the 4lh inst., from the
city of Mexico.
The Republic appears to be in a restless, al
most feverish state, although we have no more
political outbreaks to record. Robberies upon
the highways and in the streets are frequent,
the police of the towns ip inefficient, the insur
gents of the Sierra are not yet subdued, the
savages are desolating the frontier States, the
Government is without funds, and Congress
does nothing. Complaints are rife through the
press, but it is impossible for us to see very
clearly what the difficulty is which would seem
to overshadow the country, causing uneasiness
and disaffection. Apprehensions of the return
of Santa Anna, or wishes for that event, may
account for the air of mystery in which every
thing is enveloped.
Ihe papers say little of Santa Anna; they
point to him continually. Some of the ayun
tamientos ol the cities have petitioned Congress
that he be by law forever banished the coun
try.
The Mexican Congress adjourned on the 2d
inst. Both Houses having assembled, the Pres
ident and his Cabinet presented themselves, and
the former made an address in which he ran
over late events in the history of the Republic,
and concluded by announcing that an extra ses
sion would shortly be called. He then declared
the session closed. The press complains bitter
ly that Congress has adjourned, leaving undone
much important business. The new tariff bill
is the great omission. An opposition to the re
forms proposed by it is manifested in various
quarters, as injurious to the interests of Mexi
can agriculture and industry.
We find in the papers proposals for a loan of
.*sßoo,ooo, based upon the indemnity to be paid
by the United States. The Government is lim
ited to one per cent a month. We should infer
from a paragraph in one paper that the sum of
.*5200,000 had been obtained, but that there was
much doubt whether the remaining $600,000
could be procured
A card of the editors of El Noticioso, of Tam
pico, appears in the Siglo and Monitor, excu
sing themselves for forbearing to comment up
on the events of the 29th and 30ih of Sept, in
Tampico. They attribute their silence to the
necessity of the case—“the want of guarantees
and liberty. ” The editors inserts the card, and
the Monitor of the 31st inst follows it with a
deplorable picture of the state of affairs in Tam
pico. The most frightful disorder is said to reign
pose it. A portion of the populace in favor of
it is said to traverse the streets at all hours
with arms in their hands a la Americano, shoot
ing and committing outrages. This comes, of
course, from an enemy of annexation.
Some of the officers of the National Guard
of Tampico, who refused to join in the late out
break, have justified themselves in a long ex
position to the Governor. They treat the pre
tended fear of Santa Anna’s re'urn as a mere
pretext, and allege that the independence of the
State, or its annexation to the United States, is
the object of Pablo Castilla and his associates.
Representations begin to reach Mexico, from
various parts of Tamaulipas, that the fears ex
pressed of the “buffalo hunters” are quite
idle; that there is no such body of men. nor is
there likely to be one formed ; and that the in
habitants of Tamaulipas generally have nosym-
pathy with the pretended designs of the “ buf
falo hunters. ”
There has been a violent quarrel in regard to
the elections of the Slate of Mexico. We have
not seen a precise statement of the cause of the
difficulty, but it was somewhat alarming, and
apprehensions were entertained that the troops
ofihe General Government would be brought
into collision with those of the State. Nothing
of the kind had occurred, however.
The frontier Slates of Mexico continue to be
ravaged by the incursions of the Indians. If a
check be not put to them, say the papers, some
States will be depopulated.
The salvage awarded to a United States ves
sel of war for rescuing the French bark Euge
nia and cargo, is exciting much remark. Com
missioners have been appointed to make an a
ward. and there is complaint of the amount
claimed as being excessive. A communication
in El Her aldo of the 3d inst., justifies the demand
made, which is the third of the value of the ves
sel and cargo. It is a clear exposition of the
law on the subject, illustrated by decisions of
the English and United States courts, and trea
tises of authority on the subject.
Sr. D. Ramon V. Vila has been acquitted of
the charges preferred against him by General
Santa Anna
We have the report or agreement of the com
missioners of the three Slates of Guanajuato,
San Luis Potosi and Queretaro, for organizing
a military force to put down the outbreaks in the
Sierra of those States, and to keep it quiet.—
They suggest many reforms, and propose to
remove many grievances The details are of
little importance here.
Gen Bustamente commands the troops oper
ating in the Sierra. His immediate command
is but three hundred men.
Gen. Arista has submitted a plan for the com
plete reorganization of the military force of the
country. The bill founded on his report is pub
lished in the papers, and is very voluminous.—
It has vet to be acted upon by Congress.
Papers to the end of the month of Septem
ber from Guatemala have been received in .Mex
ico. and extracts are given from them by the
press To us the news is meagre and uninter
esting. Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica
are quiet. In the State of Los Altos the Provi
sional Government has been legalized by the
Central9. oov e r:, .......n, 01 t.o.ncm.u,.
passed a decree on the 19th of Sept, authorizing
(he Executive to bring into his ministry mem
bers of the Assembly. They are to retain their
seats as legislators, and can vote upon all sub
jects save such as concern Executive responsi
bility. Under this law D. Jose Mariana Vidaur
ri was appointed Minister of War. and Luis
Molina of Foreign Affairs.
We drop our files to give place to the follow
ing letters, which we have received by the Iris:
Vera Cruz, November7, 1848.
Editors of the Picayune— Mr. Clifford arriv
ed here two days ago from Mexico, on his way
home on a temporary leave. He is accompa
nied by Mr. Rosa. Mexican Minister to Wash
ington. They will sail this day in the steamer
Ins, for New Orleans. It is to be regretted
that Mr Clifford should leave the legation al
all. He is decidedly and deservedly popular,
but as his absence will not be over two months,
Americans will not be long without his support.
The British steamer Great Western entered
the harbor yesterday. She brings the new
French Minister to Mexico. Mr. Le Vasseiir
Mr Parrott, our consul and navy agent at Ma
z.atlau, with despatches for the legation al Mex
ico. the Pacific and California, arrived in the
Great Western, and left last night under escort
of Major Iturbide, for Mexico. There appears
to be peace throughout the country, and a feel
ing of accommodation towards Americans,
which is felt and respected by all. 1 trust this
order of things will last. I remain your friend,
J. U.S.
City of Mexico, Oct. 31. 1848.
Editors of the Picayune— Since my last there
has been little of interest to acquaint you of in
relation to Mexican affairs. However, as the
departure of Mr. Clifford for the United States
affords mean unusually favorable opportunity
to send a letter direct, I avail myself of the
same. It may not be uninteresting to your
readers to learn a fact becoming more visible
every day here, and that is a growing feeling in
favor of the Americans amongst the people ol
this country, and especially amongst those of
the higher, wealthy and enlightened class of the
people. F’rom unquestionable authority I have
this circumstance, and I may add that amongst
none is the desire to promote friendly and close
ly allyitig interests stronger than amongst the
dark-eyed daughters of Mexico. They make
no secret of the matter —they avow it most dis
tinctly and unequivocally that they “go in” for
annexation with Uncle Sam or Uncle Sam’s
sons. I imagine “the latter” however wood.l
by them, as by the Quakeress in the comedy,
be “preferred.”
in regard to Government affairs, these are in
as unsettled a position as ever. It is still a mat
ter of great doubt whether President Herrera
will be able to maintain his Government, and
there is little doubt when he goes by the board,
that this unfortunate country will either be con
vulsed by eorne military or other faction, or to
save itself, pray to be annexed to the United
Slates, as the only saving power by which it
can possibly be preserved from utter annihila
tion. The tariff bill, which is still under dis
cussion, is one of great moment, and would if
carried through tend more to increase the com
merce of the Republic than all the laws enacted
since its establishment. Congress has author
ized the Government to borrow SBOO 000 “on
the strength” of the next 3.000,000 that is
to be paid by the United States. 1 have un
derstood that the American Minister was con
ferred with on the subject, and his advice in
the matter solicited, which was that as little be
borrowed as would barely suffice to keep the
mill going, at least until he returns from the
United States. His opinion was approved most
fully by the Mexican Minister, and will be act
ed upon as nearly as possible. His excellency,
Don Luis de la Rosa, is waiting for the Ameri
can Minister at Vera Cruz, and will, it is said,
with his family and suite, become a sojourner
in your city for a few days. He is a man of
the first talents probably in Mexico, and the
fact of his being one of the peace commission- I
ers, as well as a high-minded gentleman, enti
tles him to a friendly reception in the Republic
of the North.
I have just learned that the bill authorizing
the loan of SBOO,OOO has as yet only passed the
Chamber of Deputies, that is. the lower House,
and that it is extremely doubtful whether it will
pass through the Senate, and further, that it is
equally doubtful even if it does get through,
wheti er the money can be borrowed. The
Government is only allowed to pay one per
cent, a month, and this where money is worth
one and a half to two per cent, for commercial
uses With regard to the tariff, which is in the
opinion of all persons in business one of the
roost important questions that has ever been
before a Mexican Congress, it is impossible to
I say any thing farther than that the “prohibi
tions” clause has passed the lower House, and .
in the Senate there seems to be some unanimi- ;
tyon the question of reducing the present ta- I
riff on imposts fifty per cent. Congress will
adjourn on the 2d proximo, until when nothing
certa-n can be ascertained on any one subject
before it.
To-morrow being the Ist of November, and
therefore the feast of AH Saints, will be celebrat
ed here with all the '* pride, pomp and circum
stance that holy mother church in Mexico so
much delights in. The grand Plaza already is
adorned with an immense awning which ex
tends along two sides, under which stands are
being erected for the sale of toys, confectiona
ry.Aic. It is also customary on this day for (
heads of families, arid cousins, brothers, and of j
course lovers to make presents to the ladies, a
fashion which however agreeable to tb* recipi
ents, sometimes proves a most expensive one '
to the donors But there is no way of getting 1
over it; it is the custom and must be kept up.
The foreign National Guard and soldiers of
the Mexican Government will have a great turn ,
out to-morrow. In the evening the Francis- i
cans, the Domimcans, and the Capuchins will <
have a grand blow out; for notwithstanding J
they preach temperance, prayingand fasting to ■'
the peopla, they sec no good reason why they j
may not avail themselves of the feastdays which '
holy mother church appoints to comfort the in
ward man.
In the former part of this letter I omitted to ;
mention a circumstance worthy of notice, and I
one which showsthat the representatives of the I
people are beginning to think seriously of ;
’ adopting the principles of those of the sister I
Republic. The American tariff of 1846 was I
placed in the hands of one of the leading mem- ■
hers of the Government by our Minister, and I
is now being translated in’ order to be placed j
' in the hands of the members of both Houses of
I Congress. Although Congress adjourns, as I '
have already stated on the 2d, in all probability !
i there will be an extra session of a limited dura
tion, for the sole purpose of the further discus- |
sion of the tariff*question, and there is little
doubt the American tariff* of 1846 will have no
slight influence on the minds of the men com
posing the Mexican Congress.
But it must be confessed, and I have had to- 1
day an opportunity of knowing, that as far as ■
the present Government of Mexico is concern- ■
ed the very warmest feeling towards all things
American prevails. On the occasion of the
American Minister taking his leave of the
corps diplomatique, it is impossible for me to
depict the affectionate warmth of feeling which
was evinced towards him by the Mexican mem
bers of the body—indeed, as I am well inform
ed, he was adjured by every consideration
which could influence a man occupying a pro
minent and eminent station, that he would re
turn to Mexico, as in the person of the Ameri
can Minister much that is good for the future
welfare oi the Mexican nation is anticipated by
its most eminent citizens. J. H.
From the N. O. Mercury, loth inst.
Later from Cralveston, the Brazos and
Corpus Christi*
We have jurt received by the Palmetto Gal
veston papers to the llth inst. The health of
1 Houston has been restored They have had
a hoar frost, a norther, and abundance of rain.
The Houston Star of the 2d inst. says the
crops on the Trinity and Brazos are the most
abundant that has ever been known. The
product of cotton on many plantations is great
er than the hands can gather. The corn crop
has also been abundant, aud the crop of sugar
will be at least one-third larger than last year.
The ship B R. Milam sailed from Galveston
for New-York on the 9th inst., with the follow
ing freight and four passengers: 1116 bales
“ ‘2o boxes°sundries '
The Brownsville Flag of the Ist inst. has
been received at Galveston by an arrival there
from the Brazos. That paper states that there
has been a force of 300 Camanches on the
Mexican side of the river, above Mier, who
I murdered one man, burned some ranches, and
carried off* the women. The American com-
- mandant at the “ Rio Grande city” had receiv
■ ed an express requesting the assistance of our
! troops above Mier.
» The Flag stales that an exoedition has been
? determined upon under the direction of Maj.
Lamotte, to proceed up the Rio Grande for the
i purpose of making a careful survey of that riv-
- er, with a view to its future navigation.
» Brownsville is spoken of as destined to be
; come the great city of the Rio Grande.
Many persons are said to be arriving from
- the Rio Grande and Corpus Christi, being
driven away under the system of Mexican im
pressment, now enforced in order to fill up the
ranks of the regular army. It is also said that
very large numbers are moving this side of the
Rio Grande, for the purpose of enjoying the
American, or escaping the oppressions of the
Mexican Government. ___
Ho, for Yucatan ’ —We learn that Captains
Kelly, McHenry, Freeland and Connolly, are
raising companies for the Yucatan Regiment,
under the command of that able officer, Col.
George VV. White—a portion of which is al
ready in the field. They are all officers of ex
perience, having served in Mexico with great
credit to themselves. From the inducements
held out by the Yucatan Government, in pay
and bounty, we doubt not that the regiment
will soon be filled up. — N O. Crescent, 15th
instant.
Dwarf Vegetation in China.
The dwarf vegetation in China is peculiar
to that country. I have had in my possession
an oak two feet high, bearing acorns, and its
trunk exhibiting the external marks of an aged
tree. I have also had orange and citron trees of
the same size, hearing fruit of a very fine fla
vor. One of these orange trees used to pro
duce, at the same moment, incipient buds,
blossoms in full flower, fruit newly set, and of
full size in a green state, and ripe. But the
greatest curiosity I had seen was a bamboo tree
two feet and a half high, so distorted as to re
present a dragon with a boy on his back.
’ I had a very curious Camelia Japonica; I
never saw or heard of one like it in China. It
was of a unique, bright purple color. The
Chinese could not have dyed it. as it bloomed
in my own possession. The flower was large
and its form was perfect. All these dwarfs of
the vegetable world, were the gift of a valued
friend, who took some pains to procure them
forme; but the air of Hong Kong destroyed
them, as it does every thing else. I have seen
a iu-chee tree, whose natural size is that of our
full-grown mulberry tree, dwarfed into one of
three feet; its trunk had all the appearance of
old timber, and the branches tapered similar to
those of a natural sized tree. I have heard of
an oraiigetree being distorted into the form of
a man’s hand; but I did not see it. The mode
.I s lbe u
bound round with cloth or matting, and kept
constantly wet; the fibres of the branch thus
covered, soon shoot into the mould, and then
the branch is carefully cut from the tree, the
bandage removed, and it is planted in new
earth. The fibres then become roots, and
thus that which was previously a branchon the
parent tree, becomes a trunk, bearing flowers
and fruit. The buds at the extremity of the
branches which are intended to be dwarfed,
are lorn off as soon as they appear, and by this
means the branches are arrested in their growth,
and other buds and branches shoot out. After
a certain lime, sugar-juice is applied to the
trunk ofihe dwarf tree, by which means insects
are attracted, and thus the bark is injured, and
that knotted appearance is produced, peculiar
to old trees. When it is proposed to give any
particular form to a tree, the branches are bent
into shape, and retained in it by means of pieces
of bamboo.— China and the Chinese.
Premhinre Education.
That the education of children should not be
forced, like lettuces in hot houses, is becoming
a popular idea. The more haste, in such bu
siness, the worse speed. We find the follow
ing opinions of learned authorities on this sub
ject :
Os ten infants destined for different vocations,
I should prefer that the one who is to study
through life sh Mild be the least learned at the
age of twelve.— Tissot.
Intellectual effort in the first years of life, is
very injurious. Ail labor of mind which is
required of children before their seventh year is
in opposition to the laws of nature, and will
prove injurious to the organization and prevent
its proper development — Hufeland.
Experience demonstratesthatof any number of
children of equal intellectual powers, those that
receive no particular care in infancy, and who
do not learn to read and write until the consti
tution begins to be consolidated, but who enjoy
the benefit of a good physical education, very
soon surpass in their studies those who com
menced earlier and read numerous books when
very young.— Spurzheim.
Dr. Adam Clarke was avery unpromising
child, and learned but little before he was eight
or ten years old. But at this age he was un
commonly hardy, and possessed bodily vigor su
perior to most children, He was considered a
“ grievous dunce” and was seldom praised bj
his father except for his ability to roll large
stones—an ability which I conceived a parent
should be prouder to have his son possess pre
vious to the age of seven or eight, than that
which would enable him to recite all that is
contained in all the manuals, magazines, and
books for infants that have ever been publish
ed.— Dr. Brioham.
If a parent were seen urging and tempting
and stimulating his child to the performance of
an amount of labor with his legs and arms, suf
ficient to tax the health of a full grown man. all
the world would cry, ‘shame upon him! he
will cripple his child with excessive work.’ Yet
thoughevery body seems to think the limbs of
children, cannot, without injury, be urged and
tasked to do the work of a man’s limbs, yet that
their brains may be tasked to any degree with
impunity. What is there in the brain and its
powers essentially different from the leg and
its powers? Nothing whatever. But people
seem to look upon the brain as some extraordi
nary mystical, magical something or other,
which is exempt from the ordinary laws which
govern all the other organs of the body. The
principal business of a child s brains, like that
of a chi Id*s limbs, is to gro w and acqu ire strength.
Thought, reasoning, reflection, study—these
constitute the natural work of a man’s brain —
as plowing and sowing are the natural work of
a man’s limbs.— -Dr. E. Johnson.
Tne Jews in Rome.—On the Ist of this
month the decree for the complete emancipa
tion of the Jews of the Roman States comes
into force. They are thereby declared fit for
the exercise of all civil rights. The year 1848
; is an amazing one. The changes of the forms
of Government are. however, less surprising
than the abandonment of the Ghetto by the
Jews of Rome.— Jewish, Chronicle.
inadvertence, we said, yester
day,’hat Mr. Clifford, our Minister to Mexico,
was accompanied by his family. It is not so :
iiis family is in Maine, and he is now on a short
visit to them, and will return to Mexico in Jan
uary.—A’. O. Picayune, loth inst.
TO THE HUSBAND.
Speak kindly to her. Little dost thou know
What utter wretchedness, what hopeless wo
Hang on those bitter words, that stern reply,
The cold demeanor and reproving eye.
The death-steel pierces not with keener dart.
Tuan unkind words in woman’s trusting heart
The frail being by thy side is of finer mould :
I keener her sense of pain, of wrong, greater
j her love of tenderness. How delicately tuned
her heart : each ruder breath upon its strings
complains in lowest notes of sadness, not heard,
but felt. It wears away her life like a deep un
der-current, while the fair mirror of the chang
ing surface gives not one sign of wo.
A Shock of an Earthquake was felt in the
Parish of Grand Island Canada, on Monday
morning, 6th inst., at a quarter past 5, lasting
three minutes.
Cleaning Marble.—Marbleshould be clean
ed with caustic, ley and lime, after which it
should be washed well with soap.— Erwhange.
The High Bridge at New York, which has
occupied nine years in building, is now com
pleted. and the waler let through the coffer darn.
The Great Question settled—“ Dr.
Hare, in the September number of Silliman’s
Journal, says that saltpetre will explode, when
melted with sugar, as it probably was at the
great New York fire.”
MOTHER, HOME ANp HEAVEN.
BY 8. D. ANDERSON.
“ The three sweetest words in the English language
are Mother, Home, and Heaven.”
Mother;
The first fond word our hears express,
In childhood’s rosy hours;
When life seems lull of happiness,
As nature is of flowers :
A word that manhood loves to speak
When time has placed upon his cheek,
And written on his brow,
I Stern lessons of the world’s untruth
Unheeded in his thoughtless youth,
But sadly pondered now,
As time brings back, ’mid vanished years,
1 A mother’s fondest hopes and fe : «rs.
Home;
The only Eden left untouched,
Free from the tempter’s snare;
A Paradise where kindred hearts
May live without a care;
A wife’s glad smile is imaged here,
And eyes that never knew a tear,
Save those of happiness,
Beam on the hearts that wander back
From off the long and beaten track
Os sorded worldliness,
To ask those purer joys that come,
Like angels round the hearth at home.
Heaven ;
The end of all a mother’s prayers,
The home of all her dreams;
The guiding star lo light our path
With hope’s enchanting beams;
The haven tor our storm-tossed bark,
From out a world where wild and dark
The tempests often rise;
But still in every darksome hour,
This hope will rise with holy power,
And point us to the skies
Where Mother, Home and Heaven are seen,
Without a cloud to intervene.
YANKEE LAND AND THE YANKEE.
The following is an extract from the Poem,
entitled “Yankee Land and the Yankee,” de
livered before the Connecticut Historical So
ciety, by the Rev. Mr. March:
His manners are simple, his language plain,
His bargains are close, to be sure, but
Os names or of forms not disposed to be vain,
But his principle is to be punctual and square.
To feel quite at home, to be open and frank,
Wherever he is, is his strongest passion ;
And this makes him show his respect for rank,
Without much regard for the laws of fashion.
He would kiss a Queen, till he raised a blister,
With his arm round her neck,and hisold felt hat on :
Would address a king by the title of “ Mister,”
Now such are the Yankees—such are they,
When the times let them live in their own odd way.
But go to the halls of high debate,
To the ocean’s wave, or battle field,
When the wavering strength of the leaguered state
Demands an arm that will never yield;
Will their hearts grow faint ? are they cravens there ?
Nut so! says the hills and the for?sts old,
That saw our fathers unmurmuring bear
Disease, and hunger, and want, and cold.
Not so! says yonder old Oaken Tree,
The earliest ark of our Liberty.
Not so ! says the blood-won soil we tread,
And the echo swells from the glorious dead.
Not so! say the faint surviving few,
Os Freedom’s first and noblest band,
Who bore her toils find battles through,
Till the shout arose from a ransomed Hnd.
Not so! says the dark, but crowning day,
When the patriot soldiers homeward came,
With no rich spoils from the war array,
Save their country’s peace, and a virtuous fame.
Would you know whoare New England’s sons ?
Go read as history’s snnai runs ;
Learn there whose blood was freely poured
In those dark days of yore,
When the war-cloud burst, and the cannon roared,
Our peaceful hills and our mountains o’er,
High waved our Eagle banner free,
While sunk the Lion's darkly down,
And the boasting lord, of ihe boundless sea,
An equal foe, was compelled to own.
Learn there who will stand by their rights and homes,
When the deluge of war, in thunder comes,
And over the earth, in a rushing flood,
Is poured the tempest of fire and blood,
And the gore, unavenged, reeks far to the skies,
Where the martyr of Liberty bravely dies.
Learn there, who will sweep in their might,
O’er the ocean’s path of glory,
Though dark around them is the night
And the waves beneath them gory.
Whatever names that scroll may bear,
New England’s sons are foremost there ;
As free from stain, or coward shame,
As from the warrior’s worthless fame.
They fought not for the wreath the victor wears;
1 They heard with joy war's clarion cease;
* A higher, holier aim than Fame was theirs—
I They fought, they bled, alone for peace
Our Wondrous Atmosphere.—The at
mosphere rises above us with its cathedral
f dome arching towards the heaven, of which it
} is the must familiar synonyme and symbol. It
3 floats around us like lhat gra d object which
. the apostle John saw in his vision, “a sea of
glass like unto crystal.” So massive is it that
[ when it begins to stir it tosses about great ships
I like playthings, and sweeps cities and forests
j like snow-flakes to destruction before it; and
j yet it is so mobile that we have lived years in it
> before we can be persuaded that it exists at all,
f and the great bulk of mankind never realize the
| truth that they are bathed in an ocean of air.
j Ils weight is so enormous that iron shivers be-
j fore it like glass; yet a soap ball sails througlu|
! it with impunity, and the thinnest insect
r it aside with its wing, it ministers
r all the senses. We touch it to
r us. arl „ colorTo
, the pale face of the mvajutf7 j(s C( ,„| wegt w .
- refresh the and Inake t|)e b)ood
■ mantle in oiliWfieeks ; even its north blast
bracesinmmgr vigor the hardened children of
> - e 2 e
brightness of midday, the chastened radiance
i ofihe gloaming, and the clouds that cradle near
the setting sun. But for it the rainbow would
want its •‘triumphal arch,” and the winds
would not send their fleecy messengers on er
rands round the heavens; the cold ether would
not shed snow feathers on the earth, nor would
, drops of dew gather on the flowers; the kind
. ly rain would never fall, nor hail storm nor fog
diversify the face of the sky. Our naked globe
j would turn its tanned and unshadowed fore
head to the sun. and one dreary monotonous
r blaze of light and heat dazzle and burn up al
, things. Were there no atmosphere, the eve!
, ning sun would in a moment set, and without’
I warning plunge the earth in darkness. But
r the air keeps in her hand a shea It of his rays,
, and lets them slip but slowly through her tin
t gers, so that the shadows of evening are gathS
a cred by degrees, and the flowers have time to
bow their heads, and each creature space to
find a place of rest and to nestle to repose. In
the morning the garish sun would at one bound
> burst from die bosom of night, and blaze above
. the horizon ; but the air watches for his coming,
. and sends at first but one little ray to announce
his approach, and then another, and by and by
. a handful, and so gently draws aside the cur
tain of night, and slowly lets the light fall on
, the face of the sleeping earth, till her eyelids
open, and, like man, she goeth forth again to
her labor till the evening.— Quarterly Henieio.
Gold tx Canada. —Prof. B. Silliman, Jr. has
. published a briefaccount of his examinations
I of gold found in the valley of the Chaudiere,
Canada. The lumps are worn smooth, as is
usual in alluvial gold, but fragments of quart
. zose gangue could still be detected in some of
them. They were firmly imbedded in what ap
peared to be slate, but which is probably a con
crete of detritus, cemented by oxyd of iron.
Chronic iron, titaniferous iron, serpentine, spi
nel rutele. and talcose rocks remind us very
strongly of the mineralogical characters of the
Russian gold regions, and their occurrence
1 with the gold in Canada certainly affords favor
able ground for the hope that this may become
‘ a rich auriferous region.
1 As yet, no excavations have been made on
any scale of magnitude sufficient to warrant an
opinion of the actual wealth of the deposit. /V
1 few tons of gravel have, however, been vvaslt
ed in a rude way with the Berks pocker, which
‘ have yielded about four dollars for gold to the
1 ton of gravel.
t Produce of gold in the Ural and Siberia in the
. year 1846.—According to a notice in the ‘Rus
sian Commercial Journal.” published by the
Ministry of Finance in February. 1847, it ap
pears there had been remitted to the Mint at St.
Petersbnrgh,l,397.37B poods of gold—the pro
duce of the imperial and private mines in the
Ural and Siberia during the year 1846. There
were stil expected 325,368 poods of gold, the
produce of these mines in that year.
The total produce, therefore, of Russian
[• gold in 1846, wa< 1,722.746 poodsor about 62,-
| 692 pounds avoirdupois, while in the previous
t year (1845) it was only 1,371,806 poods or 49,-
, 522 lbs. avoirdupois. This is very conclusive
i evidence of the vast productiveness of the
I Russian mines, no less than of the energetic
and enterprising manner in which their riches
are extracted.
Originality.—ls we study great men. we
shall find that they were not so much distin
guished by originality as by range or extent of
thought. If we require of them that absolute
originality which consists in weaving, like the
spider, their web from their own bowels, we
shall not succeed in obtaining it. No great
man was original. Least of ail does original
ity consist in unlikeness to other men. A great
man is a centre of things—seeing the want of
other men, and sharing their desires—adds also
strength of arm to come at their point. The
greatest genius is the most indebted man—the
greatest poet is a man in unison with his time
and country. The great man does not wake
up and say, I will square the circle —ransack
botany and discover another food for man. I
have a new architecture on my mind—l will
forsee a new organic power. No, he is forced
on by the genius of his cotemporaries—He
stands where all the eyes of men look, and
• their hands all point the direction in which he
J should go. He finds the materials ready to his
hands—thevhave sunk hills and bridged the riv
ers for h?s road. Men, poets, women have all
worked for him and he has entered into their
labors. Great power, we might a most say,
consistsin not being original at all, but to the
greatest extent receptive. — £merson.
The African Rhinoceros.—The black Rhi
noceros, whose domains we seem now to have
invaded, resembles in general appearance an
immense hog : twelve feet and a half long, six
feet and a half high, girth, eight feet and a half,
and of the weight of half a dozen bullocks, its
body smooth, and there is no hair seen except
at the tips of the ears, and the extremity of the
tail. The horns of concreted hair, the fore
most curved like a sabre, and the second resem
bling a flattened bone, stand on the nose and
above the eyes; in the young animals the force
most horn is the longest, whilst in the old onea
they are ofequal length,namely a fool and ahalf
or more ; though the older the Rhinoceros the
shorter are its horns, as they wear them by
sharpening them against the trees, and by root
ing up the ground with them while ina passion.
When the Rhinoceros is quietly pursuing his
way through his favorite glades of Mimosa
bushes, [which his hooked upper lip enables
him readily to seize, and bis powerful grind
ers to masticate.] his horns, fixed loosely in his
skin, make a flapping noise by striking, ifh s
quick ear or keen scent make him aware of th,
vicinity ofa hunter, the head is quickly raised ,
and the horns stand st ill'and ready for
on his terrible front. The Rhinoceros is