Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

2 Tlic T»*«» of Deuu.ciai), We cannot too often or too earnestly direi the attention of 'he intelligent and re Heel in maneMo the deception* which are constant I < practiced by the manager* of that party of beterogenon* element#, which hna Rppro'prfa ted to itself the name of •• Democracy” a# > catchword for the unwary, and a# a tern which may be used to signify everything o nothing, a# occasion may require. Flatteie* by the aucces* of the fraud of 1844. when it., people of Pennsylvania were cajoled into tl» belief that Mr. Polk was a better friend of n protective policy than Mr. Clay, the wir workers have now extended their plan of • pe ati«»n<. and seized upon h question as an »l» ment of political warfare which, ofall other is the most delicate and dangerous that wa ever dragged into the aren , . f party. • which, if pursued with the recklessne*# tha has heretofore cnaracieuzed the di!>c<i*ii>i must end in some terrible c*Di*iroptie to on institutions. [t is a wilful and foul desecration of a p’> r ■nd philanthropic cause such a-that . n a. cipa ion, to make it part of an election’ f • log contest, and to mioglo it wi h the vfolv-nc and asperities of party warfare. But L >cof<>co B<n. ever wa rhmi «»t its oam interests, and a llii-*C'tipuloii« as vigilant, his seized upnh th* auhfoct 01 si «very mid made it a part »d it trading capital in both sec ions of the Unioi Bv agitation it has-urceedetl m infl titling ll public utind at'h - .X r»h an t Smith; and b itiisrepre-entaiion it has excited a spirit <• hostil tv between a large portion of the con in .nity in tue 'r** u d -rav-h.ddmg State- Which, if permitted to grow. >ini<l terminate i di-a*trous eoi.setpi. ores What rare they f< the peace of the Union, or the prosperity « th** conn rv . *•» tnm Lucolocoisin cm have fa swing, so that 'he ” R-d Republic” can rejon and so 'hat the -*p »ifa ’ are possessed ? Tt ambitious demagogues who control thi< p tr in their de-pera.ton o e. jo* power, be.-n* at no expedient an • recognize tin o«h»-r p»i> ciple than that Mie tn m- saoe ties the end Dt>comfi e-1 by ’be rmuip’i of (Sen l\ivl«» they feel (hat, without some new an I excitit. element, the death knell of Lu<*oiu«*o*-oi h-> been sounded. lu’his emergency. Itv a p» concerted arrangement, they h ive mirmlo. . into the politic d canvass a question elm touches the fireside# of une half of the sta r and which atfaci* the conscientious opinion,, the other half And how has this party ad ted the question ? Have >h»*y proclaimed fixed and general principle ? Have th* y •- sued a common creed ? Let the following re.** lutions of two formal Conventions, both pr« fessing and claiming to lie * Democratic” i the strongest party sense, answer : Democracy in Vermont Democracy in Alabama Resolved, That as li- Rts defd, fhai berry is the clearest right «ard »b»* pts*:tge of ala and dearest interest oft he by die C >ngrr*« of ilr« individual, and its seen United States abolishin rity the highest duty of slavery <>r the slave tract the b<xJy politic, we de- in 'lie District of Coliiu. dare, as the firat point bia as a uireci atiack up nod art cle in this orga- on ’he institutions of th> nization, that American Southern Slates to be re ala very iso great evil and listed at every hazard, wrong, which ought to Resolved, That, in th’ be repented of and abac- event of the passage by doned. Congress of ihe ” Willin’. Resolved, That we claim proviso,” or any law ab-» uo authority in the Fede- fishing slavery or tin ral Government to abolish slave trade in the District Slavery in the several of Columbia, the Guver States; but we do claim far nor of thin Common wealth it constitutional power per- I is requested immediately petually to prohibit the in- | to convene the Legii-I ■ trod uct ion of slavery into | lure of this State (if it territory now free, and | shall have b»-en adjourn abolish it wherever, un I ed) to consider of lie der the jurisdiction of | mode and tneaoura of re Con .THHi it exists. I dress. R solved, That this Resolved, That w« power ought immediately warmly approve of th to be exercised in prohi course pursued l»y th biting the intrude ti- n inonMimf Congress wi <■ and existence of slavery signed anti published the In New Mexico and Ua- | southern address; ihai lif rh i ; in abolishing the tone «»f the same i slavery ami the slave calm anti dignified. «n trade in the D-stiicl of us facts true; and Iht- Columbia, <»n ’he high emergenry which called se«i, and wherever else far « .ch an unusual t»u under the constitution, it thrilling appeal was *••• can be reached. . strong that wo acknow- Resolved, Thatnomore | ledge «»ur obligations t<« si tve States should be ad- (them far the frank and mined into the Federal I fearlswt moventen* with Union. | deep sympathy. In order to appreciate the force of the fore going resolutions, it sh tuhl be borne in mind that election# are now pending in the Stale** of V. r<i»<»nt and Al ibam t.and that tlie same party which united tn the support of Mr Cass and will continue to unite in the support of any Other candidate that may hereafter be presen ted without regard to principle# or platforms have thus officially announced—through two regular Conventions—sentiments upon the question ofslavery which are in flagrant con flict with each other The object of tins auda cious movement is plainly m-trked upon every feature: it i* to acquire mrength in the free Slates, by enlisting the sympathies and pasaious of that section against slavery, and to acquire strength in the South by exciting the prejudices of that section in favor of slavery.— North A- .ateat from the Rio Grande. By the steamship Globe. Capt Ellery, from the Brazos, the N O Picayune is in ponaes aion of the Brownsville Flag of the 1(5 h in stant. from which it extracts the following items us nrelligetice: Rumors. —For the last few davs, we are in formed insurrection# with accompanying pro nuiH'iamrniof*. &c. have been quite common in our neighboring Mexican pruvincea. inclu ding ’hr ciiy ol Ma'amurox. As we have been wholly iiu tble to gain any’hmg in 'he shape of tacts we are forced to await the develop mon* «»f •• roiniog even’s.” Tis R I'U'iltcnf th? Surra Mu lrr Drrhtrntion of lad-pi ttdt ace lhr N O Pslria puhli-lies an rxiia c-mlammg among «>ihrr interesting mat ter the lolloping which is f.tk**u from thr Bien Publico, a M namoros pnprr. da ed tt.e I 8 h June: On ihe I7di June ihr following docrimriH reached our liants. w hit h we t*av w tr*m«i.ited from Ell li*h [Il wt- origin «ll* luditi lan giiagr J Al'hough n a* if prn.ied in this cm wh have me w«-.l fouri’rd ■•eiirl (hat it Came from the other stdr ol ihe ri*ri. Jens 16. 19’9 Unanimous declaration of the t-iVc- Sia/es us the >icr-a Ab-dre .Mt.ru: - Win n, in ihe couise ”f i uman •*• m-. « necessary far one prop en> «h-s Ivr ilie |M#i«iral tsmdf* which have conn*‘Cteu ilieui wnh iiraiit r. .out -o a-- sinur among rhe powersof iher«nli ibr arpur it»- mol equal stat ion to whch ’he lawsof u.-ti.irr nml .»• m turr’t* G.id entitle them, a decent i« dw opiu fans of mankind rnq dre thu they t.h«rtid d« cl »r«- il-e caust-a which impel th'-in to the "-‘para.i n The history ot" the present »*nd pa»- G v« rmneni of Mexico is a history Os irpe'ded iii|UlirM amt UMir pations, all having m direct objrr.i the e--intiii-tnii* ii< of an absolute tyranny over tuem? States. prove this, let fa-ls hr submitted •» n • undid Word. First — They have h.ar:a-->nl us wnh political changrH. which up to the pr« wnr time, have hem nothing rise bui a continued oppress-on thr- ugh new tigen’s i warms ) Wed’daie < urs»lve- free. Secund fhey have uh down by taxation, exacte * solely to perpetuate ihe p>w> r ol *he u-urpeis of the liberty of the (>euple. M e declare ourselves free. 'Third They have persecuted us wi h standing armies, kept up to oppress and annihilate ’he indus try ol all, except that ol’ oppressors. We dec la e ourselvt a free. Fourth. — They have acted so that our beloved re ligion com-tantly threatened by Imyone’s, has been trammelled in its action of benevolence an<l public instruction. We declare ourselves free. Fifth. -They have so managed that the people in the midst of their vast terrimry are denied ihe riglr of individual proper y. We declare ourselves free Six h. — They have violated th»* promi-ea made to our children, who, in anxiety vainly claim from their rulers the right of educatio.l. We declare our selves free. Seventh They have so misgoverned, that our grey headed parent* gradually descend t«» the tomb, like brute beasts, without honor a d without hopr. We ile«dsre ourselves tree. Righth Th* y have so arranged ’hat whilst ind gencc end mi-er\ arc -♦ en every wh»-rs, ’hey goclad in purple and g. Id We declare our*elves bee Ninth The* hav-- adhered io ihe iwi »nd decla ration that th* te s-lmll be n«» slavery «*n ih ► il,*h I-’ domes’ic ►rrvi’ude is an •di us, a h’-rrible and a erm I system, and it exist* wi’hmt notice ami without rep robot»on. W O declare ourselves f’CC. We, t her store the put»l C”f the-e seveti Northern Slates of the Sierra Madre of Mexico, appeebng t. the Supreme Jude* <d ’he w-»rl<1 for ’he rectitudeol our im* nt oiis. s*drmidy publish and declare tha “these United Sialvxaie free and independent t a they air at»i*olvr»l tr»-tn all allegiance ’<> the M> x«cau Government, and that all contiec’ion. which ha* cessed is, and ought m tie, tiMally diwaulved. Conse quently, as free and indr, endsiil Stales, they hav. lull power to levy war, contract alliances, e»iabh>li commerce, and iodo all other ac’s ami things w bi« - h free and ind* pend’-id Sta’ee may of right tfa. Ami far the st>| |«>rt ot’ihis d’darnti n ui h a firm reh anceon Divine Piovideuce, we, he pe*q»lr. tnu'unll pWn, i.< each other uui fives, our Ivrtunes and our sacr» d honor Ourawerus are drawn ! The scabbarda are thrown away ! N.>w, then—death to tyrant*. Matutuone, Mexico, June 16, 1949- Jn connection with the above, the Beta Puh lieu of the 18th states that a Dr Millet and his servant had been arrested by the civil amhori lies of Matamoros, on suspicion of being the pamzans of Dominguez, m carrying out the project o« indenend nee. A mass meet mg for the purpose of nomine ting a suitable candidate to represent the Sou h ern Congressional District of Texa< in the next Cm gie*«»ofii,e United State# to have been lie d at Brow m»v il>e on the 2>hh of the pr*sent month The whole valley wa# expec ;*d io be reprvsen’ed. The steamboat Warren. Capt Reed, which since the close ol ’be war has been employed as a trader on the Rio Grande under licen«e fr«»tf ihr Texan auiiiortties. was latelv seized while lying in ihe uimuh of a small river near Mier, undergo ng repairs, bv the custom hou-»e aiith* titles of Matamoros. Thi*. it atrik* s us. i* a pretty high handed business on the pirt of ihe Mexicans and w ill nv coubt be properly in qiii'vj mio H. k-id Mvrdvr —An ex’ract of a leper ds d Mouirrey Mtv II gives an account of a miMd* r cotntKi ted by a man named Rii»*e lon ano’h* r< a. led K»-11». both ('ahfornia enograni*. near P.»r i Ag«o!a. on ’he 6-. h uh Tmx Ca Pt.— The Concord a Intel* gencer ■ •eye: I i» usual to h*.»r cumptami- .• th*, condition Ot ’hr colt’*n crop. -V ’bi- »uie of thr growing season, but never Iwfore boe we u*ard them general a- we le »r hem t« w The most inteilig»*iii .«od candid > ” »-r* cm I plain otust earnestly I I »’* »e-» : t <o« « ■ mdspendent l vof onr c «»• > »«- ? ”• other ■ Causes, leave- no dout • u • r '• t the COHen crop vs the M;«« -• p- ' ' r ' ’■ • ■ must be a retostk’ 1 » -*o’ < •hr I hrr se»s<m« the cotton pla» ;et# «>c»r w- .i d n<v - j looked upon tbetr present im . r.>.. - • . c. '. ” tion wuh some hope that t i»rrg> • ' ■ in d e fields would improve ? - r > B | this sea-on ’h«*> dare n t '* '*.«• * “ * * i A rega'd for the welfare • t * «'»“* the r own be«t i» lere-t- torb d th**«»> ' r ui g«> mg bevond the mo»t moderate tabor, and w a r« • them against expo-ure Tax Htaaaaix# Lisps* K >—»ith h*» x. pom eC Ifisa gCBf 1 ’ ' ■miliary heap..as. and ah* has p h an » drs»a. sal .ng oa fal .ne bxdtes lend a?- stance in mix worM of dunty Ingusia, ©a.: MONDAY MORNING, JULY 9, !•«>• "Humbug on ttxe Tariff Question*" Thk Constitutionalist of Saturday perpetrates he following •‘Humbug on the Tariff ons” ■‘Secrer.ry Walker eatimated that tha people of ■lie country paid a tax of eighty million, of dollar, very year to the home manufacturer, tn tlua way • To remedy thia, the tariff of 1546 waa enacied. reduced the rate, or doty. Il made the foreign ar ,cle cheai.-r and thi ■ forced ihe home manufacturer .wn in price It diminiahed the lax of eighty mi1...» ...» on die people, by enabling them to buy cheaper, ’’no they were enabled to import cheap good. Itom ~..,d al an average doty of about 27 percent. tlie du’iee paid to'he govermn nt were srvtN ULLioNi? MURE. Bu' 'he lax they pant ihe l»«»ine i.itifactur- rs was probably thirty millions levs ey were thu* saved t wenty-ihree nulli • sin one ar I” thu *»y the people were msde prosperous / relieving them fr on taxation Tuey wen- r»* ve<i fro o thirty millions of tex**s paid the L<»r<le ot ie Lo-hii. ot the Iron 'lines, Collieries, and Suga* anteiions, and paid million* to the government <e privilege cf using .a>«te<id, cheaper articles from !»ro<id.” If we could not make out ■ better theory in ivor of ihe tariff of 1846. than uur neighbor i »es, the subject wo’ihl'»« careful’y avoided admitting Mr VVai.kkr’s ex mvasa it *e-ti .l ites," and the bald asM*rti<»m» of the Cot<stitu •onalist to be true, wi at do ihey amumii to ? ’» this and no more: That the present so died free trade tariff compels the people of •e United States to pay to the “Lords of the .oom, of Iron Vines, Collieries and Sugar ’ intations " fifty three millions of dollars in rder to place thirty two millions in the federal easury! Such is dem >craiic financiering hen the party has its own way and does iis •st. Now it is plain that, either the theory of Free ade rests on false premises, or the tariff of *46 is a most iniquitous system of taxation. \ke which horn of the dilemma you please ol the existing tariff cannot be justified on the rmciple of equal taxation, nor on that of pro non to American industry Free-Traders \presdy repudiate the whole theory of pro • tian, as*he Constitutionalist alleges. ‘ wiih * urn and contempt ” Whv then did they not i »ate more than “twenty-seven” of “the eighty illions of dollars paid every year to the home ii luufacturers,” when they had a Free-Trade (’resident and a majority in both branches of Congress ? Has our very consistent neighbor no “scorn, •io contempt,” for “the paltry humbug" which zealously preaches a favorite cree 1, and as zealously condemns it in practice ! Is there my lower or more vicious demagogiieism ’han t iat which s> eks to array one class of citizens igainst another, by constantly using theoppro •riuis epi'hets of “Lords of the Loom,” “Lords of Iron Mmes. Collieries, of Sugar and Cotton plantations ?” This kmd of demagogiieism is thus brought into pl iy by a writer in the Columbia Tele jrsph to promote a dissolution of the Union : u 7b p'ove this, let facts be submitted to a can did irurld. •‘VA’e have been faxed for the last thirty-five years it the average rale o' f«»ny per cen’. (»er annum to ••i'ier and build up Northern interests and inatitu uonx —havji g pnid, directly oid indirectly, during ‘’uh periu ’, n t less than 31,000,000,000 un justly for this purp'se.” If is conceded by all that no part of the United States cin produce cheaper cotton, cheaper wool or has better iron and coalmines than the South If sit, the South is as deeply and directly interested in working her iron and coal mines, and in the manufacture of woolen •tnd colbm gm ds as the people of the North can be If these branches of human industry are worth anything to the frigid North they must be worth more to the “Sunny South.” High impost duties are not required to place American rnunufaciures on a secure They should however discriminate for the pro tection of home indu-try and our small capital, during the infancy of our mechanical labors, ft is our true national policy to encourage the toiling tnilliourt of all arts, trades and profess iona to save not waste propertv ; and to in vest their little surplus earnings in pursuits which will give profiiahle employment to talent, enterprise and"uiosi productive industry. Every eperaiive and journeyman mechanic can be come a stockholder, a “L'»rd of the Lomu” or “the anvil,” in this country. In nine cases in ten, nis our poor young men who best sue reed in business, and so become rich. After they have acquired fortunes, what better u*e can lhev make of their money, than to build substantial factories and tender to all of both sexes, full employment ami fair wages, which ihe latter are at perfect liberty to accept or re fu-e as they please f 80 far is it from being true that the prntec rive policy has taxed the people ‘eighty mil lions a year for the benefit of home rnaiiufac Hires” that we will undertake to prove that it has saved the people three dollars for every one dollar which the Cunsii'utiunihst can show it ba- coni them Drop your usual vocabulary of “shallow humbugging;'* * Lords <»f the Loom;” “Nobility of Favored Classes;” "Shab by inisrei resentution“scorn and contempt anil make out iti common sen*e way that the tariffoflK46 is good for somtthing-, or that it fa good for nothing. If it reallv takes from the pocket of the consumer three dollars and only places one of Them in die Treasury, then have the in iniiness to condemn tins unjust deinu craiic sys'em for me support of the govern ment. The pHiinnia Kttilronci, Some of the engineers employed in surveying the r.mteufa railroad from Chagres to Panama Ii iv e returned to N Y’ork mid made a favorable report. There are nonitur.il ddficullirs on the route w Inch cannot be easily surmounted, •»o ihat the road, in its grades, curves, i-uper siriicnire and cost of construction, will at its completion compare ad vainagemisly wnh any of the roads which have heretofore been buiif on the continent. Books were opened for the subscription of stock last Wednesday, and so soon as it is taken, the work wdl be prosecuted with great energy to its completion. According to the calculations of the elabo rate report of the Hon T Butler Kivg. with theaidof steamers of a speed of twelve mile* an hour, the voyage from New York will be completed in the following Hine: To Calcutta iu---- 47 days. Canton in 36 “ S|i ,nghae in 35 “ Va'piraii<» in 17 “ Cdla«»in- 12 “ Guai aquil in 9j “ P HiMitia in 7 “ San Hl «i» in 12 “ Mnzx I n in 14 Shi Ih g> in 16 ‘ Snn Ft uici*co in ... 13 “ The coii-iruction of an iron wav across the Isthmus will boos incalculable advantage to thecotintiercia world, and ultimately aid much in building up a flourishing trade between the Somheru Atlantic and Gulf Stales and the western portion of this continent, the islands of the Pacific and China Onr commerce is now in its feeble infancy, but with the peen liar advantages of the South for ship building and freighting vessels, it must one day possess a large and flourishing marine. Majcfacturkrs* Co*vzntio** —A corres pondent <»f ihe Madm Journal St yfessentfer urge* the propriety of holding a convention of the Mtinifacturer« of Georgia at the city of Macon »"me time during the present summer, for thr purpose of conference and deliberation, the collection and dt««em:nation of practical knowledge. Such a meeting could IrardU fail of being highly useful to the proprietors and director*of the forty cotton mills tn this State. The capital already subscribed, anti mostly paid in for cotton factories inthfacitv exceed* $320.- O00:and it will soon reach s4fa*ooo Instead of holding th« proposed Convention at Macon, we respectfully «nggest thr propriety of having it at Stone Mountain, and during the Fairrom mrnring on the Isth of August Manufactu rers are particularly invited to attend, with specimens of their goods There wi I be mmv there, and from several States, without reference to such convention Farmers and inechti’ics. planers and ma'iu farturers should act incoucert forihe promotion of their common interests. IVe highly ap prove of the leading ideas »f “ Ueros”; and should rejmee to see the eiatis’ics of Georgia manufactures col ec ed an 3 puh<i-hed. Elcurslonto Charleston. W e are reques rd to reminJ tbe citizens of Augusta and its ticniitv, thst to-morrow is the last day on which the* cm avail themselves us the very low fare on the Suuih Carohua Rail Read to Charleston. As such opportunities are rarely offered, those whom pleasure or buttress may draw to the sea beard, would do wall not to let the pre sen: pass. The State capit«< of I'ennr-see at Nashville. < "Mui to be one u? ihr grandeflt edifices of tfce • kind in the I r.mn exceed: 4 tn i • the Co ege a: Pn 'adelphia It is two hun *red and fort* feet deep, bv one hundred a d .five feet front, au 1 wi i be supp orted by I wrntv e’ghi C 'l imns forte feet tn he gnt. T”• ‘ n*-.<ht or "ve *'• ding w b* e xhtv fee; T • • Banner* say• that tha w hole bu.'d.ng :s to be • ’i.airHCte ’ e •: ne and ”'n inside as we as iUide l’ i aeanv <‘ herb ding n :he Um rd Stetoe. tbe iwrarv" s to be of dr eseed :4c ne- • A Cool Place* The Lake Superior News of the 31st May. | nays the fi'St vessel from the copper mines had arrived, bringing 90 of copper, it adds: Thr Wrathzr.— The law winter at the Saut Sie Mar e was *>ue of ihe coldeet in the recollection ofihe “oldest inhnbitant ” In the middle <rf Fibril ary, for ihrt*e • uccessive days, at this place and along ihe river, the mercury fell in ihe Imjwl o' the ther mometer, and tlie snow on the level was five and a half teet deep Since the opening of navigation, the first boat having made her way to thia port on th* 9 h inat., through immense fields of ice, we have hid cold, dreary weather, with the exception ot th<- last few days, which have been bland and warm starting vegetation, and giving us once more ihe ap* poaranco of an approach to summer. Gen. Taylor’s favorite white horse, now on he way to Washington, was at Cincinnati on Saturday week. He is to be forwarded tn Baltimore. Gov CritrE.NDKN l’he papers from the We-t bring tis the grittif) mg intelligence that Gov Crittenden ha-entirely recovered from an indisposition that has been the source ofseriou tppreheiiaion to his friends. [coMMUMCAI KD ] Washington, Ga .June 30 1849 Mr Editor:—l see in your paper of thi werk, an nniiounceiiient that Col. David E Butler will be supported by the voters oi Wilkes, as a ctndidme to represent them in the next Legislature. I need not say that I rejoice 10 see that the Whigs of Wilkes can have he opportunity of siipourtirig so true and devoted a Whig. Col. Butler’s claims upon the Whig party, are many and strong. He has been with them in adversity and prosperity ; he has stood by them in defeat, and when the hour of triumph has come, he has modestly stood back and suffered others, without a word •>f complaint, to enjoy the honors of office. Such a man in these times of office hunting, deserves the warmest support of ihe people. He is now brought forward by his riends of ihe Whig party, without solicitation or request on his part, and I rannot but believe that every Whig in “old Wilkes,” who knows the man his integrity, purity of character, stern honesty unwavering loyalty to the glorious cause for which we have so long fought, great modesty and simplicity of heart, and his fitness for office, will cheerfully support him. Drrxdful Stage Accident —As the Louis ville stage was goins out on yesterday morn mg. at about sunrise, loaded with thirteen pa-sengers and a heavy lot of haggage, the 1 brake broke in descend ng the hill at the en > trance of the bridge, throwing the driver. Mr Jeffries, heavily on ihe ground, and of course eaving the horses free of all control They immediately dashed upon the bridge al headlong ’ speed, and when a little more than half way through, they struck some of ihe w od work ( with frightful force, throwing the s'age over and pitching the passengers who were on lop 1 amongst the timbers, the trunks falling upon them, and the coach getting hr ken to atom t Professor Sherman of the Columbia Institute had his skull fractured and his face terribL crushed, which, with other fatal injuries, caused his dea h shortly after Mr. Pleasant Smith, a ci izen of Nashville, was so badly injured as to make it doubtful whether he can survive and » ’ German, named Goldstin, a merchant from » Pulaski, as we learn, had his leg fractured in two places which, with other hurts, renders f his recovery doubtful. Several Indies were in r bide who fortunately, were unhurt. The up setting of the coach freed the fore wheels, and the horses attached continued their mad career r until they became entangled a short distance j from ihe bridge, and were stopped We un . derstand that most of them were ruined, one of them having fallen and been dragged some i dis ance. No blame can be attached to Mr i Jeffries, who is known as a careful and skil ill driver, but th tragic occurrence must be pm down a-» one of those unfortunate accidents thut ! seem unavoidable y P S. —We learn that the lady of Mr. Sher man was. in the stage at the time of the frfahifnl :«(*ri(lent. which ha< bereaved her of a hu-band under such melancholy circumstances, and we L are told that the • fl’-ct of Ins death upon her was absolutely stupefying, she be mg apparent ly unable for mime lime io realize the fearful fact, that he wax dead. Her case call* for ihe *irougebt sympathy. — Nushcille Banner.—27th e ult. The N O Courier oi ihe 25th inst Hlates that a rumor was current in the city yes terday, to the effect that the parly of emigrants from the parish of Rapides, in this Slate. wh<ci> left recently for California, had been attacked thia fide of the Rocky Mountains by a tribe of hostile Indians, and after a bloody engagement there remained alive only six of the coinpatn which was composed of seventy two member? The Courier dues not state upon what inform aiion this rumor was based. We sincerely irust it may not ho verified Later from \fkics.- The brig Lauretta arrived a> New Y”rk brings late advices from the we*t coast of Africa, having left Sierra Leone oil ihe 2’hb of M iy : The armed s<*tiooi<er Lark arri”ed at Sierra Leone from Eugtand on the 12th of May. and sailed for Monrovia on die 14 h This is the vex xel presented hy ihe Briu-ii Government to die Republic of Monrovia Shu nol 150 tons bur den, rigged with a lorelopsail and topgal ant sail, and carries four liras* fun’- She wa : bp’rt 0111 under the command of British naval officers who would deliver her to the ailthori ties at Monrovia, and join Mime of their own vessels of war upon die coast There were two slavers condemned and sold Ma> 10 Ii and 17 Ii ; one of'hem had on board I when taken 600 xlavus There was also a schooner brought in on die Sth of Mav.bm was not yet condemned when the Latiret a sailed. The United State* ship Portsmouth, Com • Ceoper was al Porto Proa Mav Ist all well A pamphlet has just been published in Enz < land which contains many important facts and observations in relation to the railroads in 1 Great Brnain Speaking of the difference in the expense of running rar- over a level 01 uneven railroad the writer says— “ l*u masier an ascending gradient of on» foot in 300 feel distance, a trifling rfae, a true ■ non force is required twice as great a* is siiffi cieiit to move Hie name load at ihesame sper« au»ng a level raihoad; al-o the greater speed required on any line, die greater must be tin power rmplov cd IL* says “a good Incomotiv* of the heaviest kind now used will draw a train of fifty loaded wagons, or a gross weigh of 275 ton*, at a speed of from 15 to 20 mile an hour; but the same engine will only be abl> to draw, on the same line, a train of twenty five wagon*—being half of the above weight a a speed of 30 miles an hour. Thus the 3' : mile speed costs double the slower speed of 15 or 20 miles he-ides the great additional weai and tear. 'The demand for power increases 11 rapid proportion to the rate of speed Going ai the rate of ten miles an hour, a locoinotiv. will draw 250 ton* ; push the speed to 30 mile* a*i hour, and it will draw only 28 tons. On the continent, railway trains run at a low rat* of speed, say 15 to 20 miles an hour, and thu enable companies to charge light fares, while they ensure the safety of the passengers.” » A correspondent who possesses chemical knowledge ns well as much experience, give* the following recipe : Directions fur Boiling Rice.— Take one pin’ of rice, wash it. and put it in soak for two hours Have ready two quarts of boiling water, won a hide salt in it. in a slew pan. Half an hon» before you wish to u»e it. pour the water ii which ilio rice is soaked from it, and with » mble spoon, shake the rice into the Mew pat without stirring it. and let it boil ten minute : then strain the liquid from the rice. Rrtiiri* j the nee to the stew pan. and let it steam for • 15 or 20 minutes, when it will be d"tie, and . the gr •!!* whi be separate. Add a little butler ; and send it to the table. The above in the proper way to cook rice : which is important to know, as we are now I prevented from using almost all other kinds ol . vegetables. This recipe is furnfahed by a lady 1 in whose family it ha* been a regu ar dish on I the dinner table since 1832 Sir John Franklin —A proposition has - been made in Bosioii to raise a subscription 01 £ IIHI OlK) tor the purchase and proper fining ot [ ave *el or vessels to go in search *»t Sir Johi Franklin and hi* companions The expen*> of *endmg the •• North Siar.” the ves-el se iecied hy the British <iovernment. on tin expedition, fully provided w ith ihe store* an< implements necr-ssry for this voyage, is »e dow nat S6O Oik) Ii is pre-u ned that ve«<. I ' uuld be sent trum the United Siates ar muci less expense. Artificial Mahocany —The following meth od of giving any species of wood of a rlo » gram, the appearance of mahogany in texture 1 density and polish, is said to be practised 11 < France, with such success that the best judge i *re incapable of distinguishing between th -initatioii and in diogain . Phe surface is fir* platted smooth and ihe wood 1* then rubber w iin a solution of nitron* arid One ounce o’ dragon* blood is dissolved in nearly a pint u' spirits of wine; tin* and one third us an onne* of rarboiia e «.f *«»di are thru to be mixed to i .rlht-r, uni fi 'errd. an I the liquid in this thin *la e is to b I itd on with a *<di brush. Thi pToce-s is io b- repeated, and in a short inter val alter ward the w<»d possesses ihe extern*' appearance of mahogany . When the polish diuiiniMirs in briilliam-v. it may be restored by the use ola mile Cold drawn lin*eed oil. Q -id Fish in the Hudson — The gold fish originally from China, and hitherto chiefly known 111 ornamental p«>nd* or glass globes in thi* country . has become quite naturalized in iha Hudson river near Newburg. Fi*hertnen h »ve caught svecmirn* fromright to ten inches long, bo h tn Ihr Hudson Use sand in the mouth of Maueawan creek, which were emptied m'o the crerK atiou ten years ago, and they have *0 nj.iliiplied as 10 fainv stock the creek and river m that vicinity Monument to Thomu Jefferson.—The Charle trsvil e say e ; ' Tire students ot the I oiver*i’y ot \ rgmiv have determined toerecta monument to Thoa Jefferson a* a token <»f their respect f r his memory and their apprec 1 vn»n us he benefit* which they have derived from r»is labors. They pr- p’>se to raise tr.e «..-c--snrv funds bv publ 3 montniv per if la be csi ed me "Jefferson Monument Magazine A Pr fitable Sbeap —Seymour Aldrich, a farmer us ins »uwn o. Hopewell in hiscoun’.v on the Sm mat. sheared twelve pound* of clean fine wool from a Paulo Marmo Buck Tne wool had 3 gr. wth of less than one 'ear. be sheep having been sn«ared the 26:n day us Ju&Blast Who can beat mat.- C+nand-iigua nryomrory. From the Nashville Banner. Industrial Pursuits and at Tennassae* Tb R- P. NlcGinty t Esj. DenrSir—l evatl uiyself of your polite suggestion, to cotmnunicato for your paper ihe eubalance of what 1 have said, in rny recent addressed aa a candi late for the Senate, in relation to the groat Agricultural, CumtDercini. Mauu'acturing, and Educational in t’ rests of Tennessee. In doing so, I hope to invite io the poeiuona aesuined the careful consideration ot those citizens of the county whom (may not have had the honor to address from the stump. What I have said, on these subjects, is substan tially as (ollowd : Veiy respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER. Owing to the superior interest felt in the discussion of questions of National Poliiics. the great duties de volving upon State I rgisluturpb have been fearfully overlooked by the people ol Tennessee 1 have cn deavured to comprehend some of the essential ele merits in the pio.-periiy of the State, and at 'he ha£ ard of selecting topics upon which no public interest may be awakened, I venture to uive utterance to my conclusions, and to the facts upon which they ar*- baserl, trusting to the eulitfh'ened (.uirio'ism of th» people of tlie county to determine whether thei« most vital interests are not deeply involved in their consideration. Though the srope and operations of the National Government are of greater magnitude —yet upon th* State Governments is devolved the higher and grave duty ot securing a sou»d body p Ittic— of stieng'lien ing those ftitidumeriral elements upon which bott Sime a-d Na .oual Government are based, general melligence, rnor d rectitude, .nod an abiding love i eoun’ry among the people. Without these, n«» web rgnmzed pupul <r government run endure. Mexico and Gua emali, Fr nee and Cracow, all Republics large or rinall, ancient or modern, which have failed <>r fallen, have ”een wanting in these vital support* of good popular government. Can if be que>iioned that the State owes schooling t<» iis children, who are soon to take its guidance an< conirui? fail not certain that patriotism is to lie mirtined by g ivernment bless tigs? —by exemption from oppressive taxation, (dependent on economy and awn-e administration of public funds,) by' full re wards for labor, by equal and exaat justice from gov eri.ment mall cla sesof its citizens, by protection of persons and property, and by a wise division of labor, winch enhances alike the profits of agriculture, man ufactures, and commerce? Would that our legislators could more earnestly feel ho much Stale Legislation has to do in pro moting these great ends In Tennessee, as in the Union, we are suffering incalculably from the want of a icise division >f labor. Would that I could im press upon my fellow ciiizens hoio much ! We produce«»f the raw products ot agriculture a vast excess, and of the varied and high priced pro ducts ol manufactures, vastly too liitle —in the lan guage of the Hon J. R. Umterwo«*d, “too much food —too little raiment.” We produce what we have no adequate market for, and we buy whut more than ibsorbs all our gains. I have been curious to ascer lain and to understand/ac's, to which I would earn e>ily call your attention. The official tables of th»- Register of ihe Treasury disclose that, far the fiscal year 1848. 'he value ufforeign merchandize imixirted into the I failed States was 8132 281,000, whilst ihe value of our agricultural produce exported abroad was but $107,330,000. The same tab-es show. that, of specie, our total imports amounted to .$ 43 b38.M2, whi st our total exports amounted to but $138,030,516. See the conwquence !—a bal ance of trade against us of $lO 090,515, w'lich.had tobepaid, and was p nd, in shipments of specie, drawn f' om our Ranks and contracting our paper ■d cubdion probably more than twenty millions of dollars. The census returns of 1840 show that of the whole people of the United Slates, there were employed in griculture 3,719,000 persons, and in manufactures, 79l.0()0 persons. Since then, this relative proportion nas piobably continued. It is estimated by the New Orleans Commercial Times, very high authority .that ’he value ot 'he agricultural crop of the Union for 1848 wa- s'>oo 600.000, and by the Boston Atlas, than which no journal is betier informed, that the whole produce <»f manufactures for the same year, was S4OO 000,000. An easy «.alciilaiii»n upon this data shows that the return for I b* r, to those who labor in manufactures, • vertices $1 6l per day, whilst to those who are in ihe fields oi ag icuhure ihe return is but 49} cents ,er day. This is a va>t difference agtinstihe farin- • r, and I have been curious to know in what portions f the Union the well paid citiz>-na live, and where ili<>t.e live who are >o p iorly compensated fortheir labor. I find they are located as follows. No. employed in Agriculture. In M .niifiv*t’R. N. Fngland Sta’ex, 414,138 187.2 8 Middle Stales, 308,633 333,947 Southern Suite-*, 935,729 87 955 Southwestern States 650,546 37,»-39 Northeastern States, 890 9 5 144 690 Total, 3 719 951 791.749 Let these figures he carefully borne in mind. I find 'iirther thit ihete are sixteen States in ihe Union that maybe regatded as As-rieulttiral. and fourteen that <re Mamdactiiring and c mmercial —the exchanges are generally running in fav*>r of the latter, and against the f- inter —ami that where local currencies ate de preciated, they are in the agricultural Siafes AH ihe New England States, but Vermont, are mamifac ■ tiring Sta’es; Ma*i*achu**etts, and even N York and Pensylvania etir racing 'he great commercial em • pinums, have m >re capital invested in in mitficture-* Hinn in merchandise These are secrets which our people should understand. Huw is if in Tennessee? The census shows that we have 275 000 persons employed in agriculture, and but 17 OOl) employed in manufactures and ’he trades. Wind an unequal divisi< nol labor fa In-re ’ ’Jontraflt it wi'h Miv.-dchuseits—wh»*re 87,000 |»er sons are employed in <gri iihure an I 85 000 in inanu* lecture* In T*-n lessee we make a vast surp'us of the bulky products of agriculture <■• transport to an nod qu tt and distant market In Massachusetts i goon ho ne lumket is provi led fi»r their home pro ducts- consumers are placed side by sdo with p<o lucers. What is the result tolhe agricultural inter est? In Nashville the average exporting price of In dian corn, nur chief staple, is 20 centi* per bushel—in Bos’un and Lowell ami elsewhere throughout Missa- husetts, ladian corn .-I; and even at Ill.it hfah price, other products <>f laborare much more prufitsl»le than corn is imp >r ed into MuscuK-huselts In Tenueeaee 'he average value of land per acre, as shown by ’he • ffici d reiurns to e Compt-oiler’s office, i> b o $3 03 whifat in Mas -S' huselte, leaving out cerutiu cuunnerctal coun'ies <-mbrtici<'g Boston and other ••ornmeir.fal towns, where die value of hud i> jfre iil. enhanced, and taking only •he a ricnliitral counties, where land is lowest, and ne average value of i.-toil p»r acre, (as shown by of ficial return*) is $ 575, Wh 11 dff rence! In L .weli, tabor fa u idii.e lair compensation oi 80Cerns per day mr men, mid $2 per week fir W’-meo — Afliilsi in Teon'-ssrr tlie average comp nsaiiori i<> hd»<.r Joes rtoi exceed 50 cems | er d .y for men. $1,25 per week for women Such is’he value ofn wine divis- 1 >ll of I ib<>r ! I beg ihat the tanners of (he country vdl ponder these tacts, and o’hera of like character »hichl’i’le hive*'ig:t ion wilt disclose, but which I c.i noi now hike time 10 dwell upon. On great error is, we have provi.led no “ market 11 ihe land for’he products of the lands,” aud our iirplus pt.foluce lin rally fovlls lor nothing Corn, here, -eiling at cents, we -hip to New Orleans ai a cost, K ii»r tr insporting. sacks s-teking, *heding, ■Muuiiissionii and charge* ) of 56 Cents a sick, or 22 2 5 cents per tnishel, which makes 42 2-5 cents a» New Oile ms • qual 10 20 cenis ai home The actual tverttg' pi ice in the shipping th-a.*>«m of 1848, from Ist iiec 1> IH April, a' New Orleans, was, as nearly as ! ran a-certain it, 42 cents. So, nothing is made «»y ■ hipping it to New Orleans. —I,’ostof (ransporiafion >nd 1 iber charges in shipping from New <'rleans t< Liverpool, is ordinarily abnu' 50 2 5 cents per bufohel which put to the cost to New Orleans, 42 2-5 cents. nakes93 cenls per bush**! at Liverpool equal Io 20 cents at home. In September, 1847, coin -old at Liv -rpool ai 81 cents, tn January, 1848, at 80 to 90cents ind in Uvcemb- r, 1843, at b 9 cen’s per bu.-hrl Ii foihus shown of what value th” Liverpool market is o us. £7n 1 land our srrain i ■ balk, bi tal no >• emi in crating price to us. For the fiscal year 1843 lie Unoed Stales supplied firod to Europe tolhe value ■ $07,724,543, but Ut what prices, onr money pres •uies will explain to those who care not to examine i.ore definitely (he prices current, Such '» the depression in prices that the whole ex pirte of Tennessee do not exceed, as is believed 83, 00,000 per annum, whilst the imports of foreign mer -tiandize, is shown by i ffiml returns at the Comp 'roller’s office, amount t<> about 810,000.000 per an turn. H’ wfa thisannuai balance again*’ us of pro bably 82.000.000, paid? The plain answer is by •ankruptcy and with tq**cie —by deductions from tt.e •el gams of labor—h continued, heavy, blighting drain upon 'he prosperity ofihe Slate. Let it not be -aid “we buy too much —we must buy less.” Thai is an impracticable argument w** cannot correct 'he evil by persuading our people to “ buy less.” They will foiill go on to b.iy what (heir supposed necessities ■r their cu-totnary indulgencies require. But we •an contrive to pay them belter for their labor, and hus enable them 1 » buy mu c and still have a large urplus profit. MaSfoarhnsel s has dune this—she prudoeed i;i Hl* from the labor of her manufacturers 85 000 p’-r.-i n- in 1840) pn ducts to ihe value of i>2 VUO.OUO. whilst in the same year Tennessee pro luced. from ihe labor <>f her agriculturists (275,000 <• HfO.) products to the value nt $10,000,000. ree ill-.’ difference, in the return for tab**! The fast vear’s crop <»l Indian corn in Tennessee is estimated at 000 100 bushels. A< 20 c’s this is worth sll OOu OUU; but had we ihe divtfion of labor found in *las*achuse!te had we home consumers for this home produ- t, at 70 cts per bushel, as in Massachusetts, s worth would be 38 500 000 a clear gam to the .iroductive industry al ihe Slate of $27.’00 000 in ihe ingle article ot Indian corn, and which alone would urn die balance of trade largely in our favor. Ihe annual demand for $l0*,00(>,000 eichnnge. t<» ~ay far merchandize introduced, keeps our Tennes ■re B.inkfo under a constant strain. Their paper is, •n consequence, at an average discount a« 4 per cen’. ■•1 the ►fasiern cities a* qu •ed by the Banker*’ Ma .aXmeforall 1818-9. If’hey fa.l, fhere'ore, to sup »»ly exchange, (he merchants, in self-de'ence. will .•resent th< ir pnp*r, and draw rd ship (he specie to ey lor goods, ra'her than sut>m>t tn this heavy loss, >lncb i< w übvious would so n prostrate (he Banks The Bank* are ihere’ore loreed to provide exchange, witn winch 10 supply ptymeni for the heavy impnria xHiSof merchandize which they ’lost ana erage <’f bout 2 per cent, discount—but they can only make xchan&e out «»f |>r<>duce and mtecellane«»u- rnmroo -1 ”rs slipped abrwd and ns«”ireii.-nrtfl, $9,000 000) all short ©four i npnns, (SIO.O '0 OuO,) here is tv r « an*T'ness of exchange and a heavy pressure upon he Banks. In thi* Mugle item of hws on exchange, t 2 per cent., on $lO 0 0 • 00 importation*, there isa '*■>• tn the productive industry of Tennessee ul S.OO. XK) per annum—.l bout double l'»e annual Slate rax irre’ofore upm 'he wh »ie tax ibis property of the * at**! This is cot all. In ibis siate of things, our * nek Btnkfo are only able n» decl «re 4 per cent, di vi tends, aud 'hey do nut always do that, whilst ro me knows, orcari prec rely tell, what our State Bank - realizing In Muesachu*ritfo. where tlie exports xceed :t«e import, where exchange runs in their fa- • r, ihe l->Cal Oink p- per is 1 p r. and (be Banks in averaged d videiids of 7| per cent. I select •iafoSacfiosL'ts for comp«ri*.»n because the contrast is -inking. The same eontraste arc furnished in oiher -sa e*. io proportion as there is a wise division of And the contrast* hat appear between States of'ib* Ua on. may be trsc-d more minutely hetweancuun’iea •I ihe State. Compare the counties in Tennesec, where labor ie d'Vtded, with the strictly agricultural coun ties. Compare Davidson county wiih Msuray—’*hel :>y with Obion. In Obnm, where ths soil is ten feet deep alluvial, but where there is no divi-i n of tabor, me average vMu- of land per acre, is $2 11- I have not lime to dwe lon the macy e ail# that her- crowd upon tlie m;nd ; hut w b>» <!• ea no; perceive a: a stance, hat tlie .‘Uvni' s interest • f tbe farmer is to plant by ins side every clasvof worainz population which pur chase* and C’nsuraes hrs products? I; >s the policy es ihe Legislation of the State, 'here* lore, to encourage D mesne Manufactures and Inter na! Improvement ; to fi >er the various hones: han dicrafts and mechanic arts; to take care oftheagenta and of tbe elements* of commercial j»rueperi’y *. to de velop* the vast, b it cotnpcratieely unopened, mineral res ■ jrces of the State ; to give liberal charters to man ufacturing CJUipames ; to seek to inirod'»ce new clarees of labor, and additional numbers of laborers, f whether in the *r.?. pr seam ns. or workshop*, in na •ga ion, min'iw. c xnmerce, which will aid in : 3 . :d nk up a ■■ :n-rk-t in tbe land for ihe produce of ! the fan ’ y bringing • the plough, the loom, and ! the anvil’’ e’h-r. How so-rage r seems then, that instead of such ! en entered general icb*y our s’..ce Legislature has I -eetaed untenauee. to frown upon, o letter, f burden, I •nd oppress, a ! productive classes whicn premise to become .he cu*t cere aud consumers of tbe fermer’* j produce ; Manufac’ur ng ebaners were agi o and again j aed •: the a-tses*K>n of the l.eg> un -se en cu nberec by e and opprewiv* rtetre 'Oaa, aneh as are -.mpoer’ io so otter State m Uj« Cnx». j , Vacer :be set of 1&44, HJar C3.S ot wbo 16’fWted | $lbOU tn his business was taxed #io 50, whilst the < shaver ol notes who used $lO 0 tn his business w a taxed but 75 cents—thu* discriminating against the ! •nteiprfaing and useful mercantile class as though it were not unly useless in transporting to market or fur nishing a home market for the great agricultural sta ples ot the country, but an obnoxious and pernicious class. And under existing laws, the merchant is now taxed ten fold the permanent State fax upon taxable property —and the irregular dealer in s .gar. 6t»lt, iron, spun cott<Hi, &c , is wholly exempted from taxation, though a single individual often deals to the amount of tens of thousands, whilst the regular mer chant, by his aide, is competing with him under tlie burden of this ten-fold taxation. All the useful and thrifty m.’chinic arts are, by our penal code, vitally warred upon. We manufacture, under this code, mechanics out of felons turning out ecures annually, o' men degra ded by the infamy of their crimes, ami disfranchised "infamous' 1 by the laws, to compete with honest •nd farifty citizens to mingle with them socially, perchance, by stealth, to intermarry in their families, «"d tb.iß to make them ashamed 01, and ready .o fl v from their honest but much wronged vocations. But '•me will n ot u || o w me io extend the list of buc'.i in 'lances of mistaken policy Every citizen has a right ’"Claim an exemption from unequal tsxati >n, unless Ins vocation is obviously pernicious to the common wealth. Every meritorious class has the right t<»de uund that his Government shall not socially degrade • im. I believe there is an inherent sense of justice *ith the people which will correct these i» j Ties. I 1" not believe they have been wilfully inflicted or well understood. 1 desire to se up the inquiry promptly, how far we may correct these eirors. Wt •"ay at least take an important step in the right di rection. There are various grades ofcrime for which '•en are incarcerated in the Pettiien iary. Convicts whose crimes and characters are design ited t.y th aw as “infamous,” should not be made mechanic*, •f. Let trades be given only to the better class of con vtets —this would furnish some relief to the hone*t mechanic. The heavy merchant’s tax may with the greatest pr>priely be reduced <»n*- half. There is no demand by the treasury for the present burdensom* tax. The present revenue laws will yield $420,0 0 annual revenue, and all disbursements at the trea?-’i ry, reasonably to bo anticipated will be covered with 8250,000 annually. Thus, we will have an annual surplus of $.70,000 The annual deficit of the Bank >f Tennessee has averaged about b 4 000, and wilt probably not exceed $70,000 per year hereafter.— This will Mill leave an annual surplus of $100,000; whereas 850 000 »nnual surplus will liquidate all the State debt falling due within ten ye as to come, it be ing less than SSOO OUO. Then, we can well afford to tie just to merchants. And why should we seek to cripple manufacturing companies with illiberal re strictions? tuibono? To dwell on o her specifications of such legislative policy would occupy too much time. I am for making a careful exam nation, and wherever it c.tn be sate I y .lone, applying the pruning knife. But, as is forcibly retnaiked by Prof. Ingraham, a man ol high imdlect among us, at last, ‘‘ The grand lever that shall move the world is Public Education ! ’ *'ew York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and the New England S’ates generally, understand this They educate their scbotasiic populaHon. Massachu neifs does it, with a stosfiei /Statesfund than we have I Their whole people literally, are taught to read, write a..d cyphot, suficiently to transact business shrewd ly. They weM understand their commercial and bu siness interests —hence ihe trite proverb, “as cute as a yankee, ’’—They well know they are amassing wealth from, our losses in exchange, in bunk paper deprecta ion, and in unequal rewards for labor. They do not want a National Bank—they do not want a sound National currency, and a uniform and mode rale rate of exchanges They perceive their large gains since ihe withdrawal < f u National Bank, which f irnished exchange from one extremity of ihe Union to the other at one hdf of one per cent, Heni'.e Chiy say, a National Bank is an “obsufete idea;” and they laugh in their sleeve at our want ol penetration and foreca?t. V' hat arc we doing with oar magnificent sch >ol fund? therefore is an intensely interesting quet-tion ! Though we have u permanent fund <4\51,33 »,394 44, and though we annually distribute fir school pur poses about $117,000. yer whxt are the '•ceul'B ? Who knows iniw thisinoney now for ten years ha been expended ? how much is paid for teachers? how nni'-h f>r fuel ? how much for schoolhouses? what wages are given fur teachers? what is taught ? who knows bow many children are attending :ho schools? how many schools kept up? or tor how many months in • the ) ear ? or any thing about it? The legislature knows nothing—the people know nothing about it I And is not thia a must reuinrkubl*- state of things? Bull cannot now undertake the various details which crowd upon me and which make thia t<> me a subject of unusual inter* st. It is enough to say, our ays »-m has n<> vitality, no value it is a dead failure ; but if ice. will, We may educate (jar ichulc scholastic population and we ahull n»-ver prosper as New Yory, Pennsylvania, and Massa chusetts prosper, btca ise we shall never fully c«»tn i prebend and put info requisition an enlightened sys i lun of pol'iical euonomy, until we perceive that “The grand lever that shall move the world is Public i Education!” Should I have the honor to represent you in the Senate, I shall labor with an earnest zeal to impress upon the General Assembly the line of policy I have now been able but cursorily to indicate - to perfect a cutnm<>n school svsiem—to secure a wi-e mlminis (ration oi the public funds—to modify unequal and unjust tuxaiion—and, so fur as legislation can give aid. to increase the rewards of produ< live industry, and in every way develope our res> mces and the immense resources of the Gommon w* alth which gave me birth, and which I ut naturally desire to see occupy a proud position in the galaxy of Amciican States. New Southern Route to Santa Fe and the El Dorado or thk West—Capt Fred I’ Dent. sth U S Infantry, who w-m sent (mt in March la-t oil a second excursion from Fort Smith, Ark , under order* from Gen. Arbuckle, with the view of miking a survey ami open ing a road on the south side of the river Cana dian, as far as ('hontean’s trading post, and connecting with the Santa Fe trail, hHs returned, and hi- report reaches ns through the Fort Smith Herald: According to Capt D.’s report the distance when compar'd with the old route has been greatly diminished, and passing over a much better Country than the most sanguine friends of the south side of that river had anticipated Capt D experienced much iiiclemeut weath ' er, ana the Hood of rains which had fallen had rendered the prairies through which In* course lay rather inipracSeattle for heavy laden wag ous to pas- over—an objection however, w hich does rim exist throughout the year Tnis young officer inis reported also upon the practi cability of constructing n railroad over the i country which he pa-sed We extract from his report on this head his concluding remark* : • My opinion i- that no extraordinary ditfi cuhy will present itself With a very hide deviation from the route I pursued a mad can he obtain d throughout the whole line of which the grade* will not exceed ten feet tn a m le, and thi* only at a lew points, as it may be car ried on a level prairie nearly all the way. But few viaducts will he required, and where re quired a single arch will suffice. Every stream pre-entsone or more points for crossing witii firm, natural foundations for abutments Coal of good quality Itmestom- for It me at convenient iti'ervals. good limber of every variety and fine budding stone already almost shaped to suit the architect’s purpose, are strong recointnenda 'ions m I avor of the valley of the Canadian as a locality lor the connecting link between the Eastern and Western extremes of the coun ” Pacific Railroad.—-A correspondent of the National (melhgencer. speaking of ihecontem plated railroad between the Atlantic and Pa cific says— An attentive examination ofthe map and the best and most reliable accounts of the country between the Mississippi and the Pacific indi cates Memphis as the most favorable point for starting the proposed road to the Pacific. Pass ing ihmugh the State of Arkansas to New Mexi co. the course ofthe rivers i- such that very few of them would have to be crossed, and. keeping about the thirty sixth degree of latitude to the Pacific, would give this route the advan tage of a milder climate than a more northern route. 7’he southern position ofthe route here recommended would render it more convenient to be approached at suitable points by trader from Mexico, who, with their pack inult-s would come with safety at any season of the year and get their supplies of dry goods, light hard ware, and other articles that we could tran-port by meansofa railroad. Such a road would give usspeedv access to our valuable posses sions on the Pacific, and cause the intermediate country on the line of the road to be occupied by permanent settlers. I hope that public at tention will be eff-ctuel'y directed toihi-wvrk. and that sectional feelings and party tactic* will not be permuted to operate against one ofthe most beneficial schemes us the pre.-enl centu O- From The Pacific.—vVe ar»- indebted to Henry Lareintree. E-q of the (J. S Navy, who arrived here yesterday morning from the Pacific, via. the I-thmus. f>r dan iago de Chili papers of 30th April; Valparaiso papers i» 2drh of same «n«»nil>, and Lmi.x paper* to the 10« h May He returns m good health, after a long tour of duty in the Pacific We learn that Mr B»*nton our Charge at Santiago de Chili, hav ing b en unable io obtain from that Govern merit the amende h*4d to be hi* due. in cons - qnr rice ofthe course taken in reference u» hi* marriage to a lady of that country—had closed ihe Lega ion on ihe 27th April, and was to de maud tn* nas-poris forthwith Ihe U S. ship Dale w-«s expected a* Talpa rais«>. with $1 509 (XM) of California gold—a portion of which wa- for (he Adtn'ic Siab-s Tne ship \nn M< Ron which arrived at V’.d paratso on (he 15 h April, in 45 days from San Franci*co had SSO uIMJ in gold. Baltimore American 29.’A ult Dksperate As-ault—We learn from the Fort Smith (Ark ) Herald oi (he 13th ins! .the subjoined particular*. On'he night of ih-6th. al ihe Cherokee agency.several men broke in t<> the room of Hon. RC. S Brown, ihe Cher okee agent, and b-at him with an axe or club, wounding and bruising him so severely ’hat his file wa» for some lime d*-paired of. Rob bery was no doubt the object of tne villains, a* Mr Brown was known to have recently had in hi* po-ses-mn several thousand dollars to pay off he Indians. The perpetrator* ofthe outrage were lightened off by ths neighbors being a wakened by the noise. Three of the villains hnve been arrested ; one a soldier, one a negro, and a fellow by tne nam® °l Lac* . who i« neither white, Indian, i»«»r negro, but a little of ach __ Correspondence, of the Baltimore Sun AVaSßinoto*. June 28. I learn that Mr Henry A Wise him written a letter to General F0 ,,1e - ,n 10 lne re cenupistle of the latter tlemao. «n which ; he declares that he has entirely renounced poli- j tics, and will take no pa rt i,! lhe M, tyeCls to which Gen F. ha* direcied his mlemion. Lieut Be.<ie left yesterday morning, with dispatches for t'ahfornii- £"e- in the Fal con. The character of h»* di-paiches ha* not transpired ; bull wul ** hat they we. i infer from '’ertain thing** ll, at Col. Waller is re called as Cooiimssiooer. and Col. Fremont appointed. I infer, ais®. thar the admimslra lion hare given such orders a# wifi promise and encourage the establishment of a Provts ioual Government and the adoption of a State ! Constitution: and an application at an early period of the next session for admission. lox. Mint Regulation —VVe understand that by a ne* regulation which ha* been adopted at the Mint, with the concurrence of the Secre tary of the Treasury, and which is to HKe ef fec on and after tne first of July. g nl d com bined wr.n silver will be parted a: such rates as will yield an increased return to depositors. Tne California gold, for example, will gener ally pay about a half of one per cent more than heretofore; and th* return upon pale doubioon*. Becntier s coin*- and most of the gold of North Carolina, will b® somewhat greawF— PhsU dwwr ’ Augusta, ®cir.’. TUESDAY MOKMNU. JILY 3. I8*» Advantages of K.nafaatnrea. From a letter of Danisi Pratt, of Ala., to one of the journal* of that State, we cull the subjoined extract, showing the advantages to tax payers by the establishment of manufacto ries Mr. P. urges, with much force and abil ity, upon the consideration of the people of Alabama, the necessity of chartering joint stock banks which shall afford a sound currency equal to the demands of the productive industry of the State; and in this connection shows that, in consequence of the absence of such institu tions in Alabama, the Bulks and capital of! Georgia and South Carolina are now reaping a rich harvest in the shape of interest for the use of their money to buy the produce of the State. He says: 11 I have been told ttiat manufacturing would be no udrnn'age to lhe State, and by persona, too who ought to know better. I'liosaine men say btnka are of no utility. It is just as well, they think, that Geor gia should reap the benefits us for our own capitalists contend that any iu.sin ess which brings capital to the Staie is for the interest of its ciiizeus. As an in stance, 1 will merely cite the little village which I ounded some nine years since. When 1 made u purchase of the place, I presume if did not pay a tax exceeding sls. and hu<l there been no manufacturing done there, the tax would not now probably exceed 820. This year it paid from fi»e to six hundred dol lars tax half of which goes to our county. Suppose <ome ten such village-* should spring up in the county, the tax derived from them would piy all our count} expenses and leave the tax collected from our citi zens to be invested in a school fund. The found ing of manufacturing villages throughout the State would serve material!v to lessen our taxes, and give besides employment to a large number ».f persons who are dependent on their daily labor for the support of their fam-lies.” Mr. Pratt is an intelligent, enterprising, practical man, and the village of Prattsville tu which he refers was founded and built up by his enterprise What has been accomplished in Prattsville, to increase the revenue of the State, may and will be attained in every other manufacturing village established in the South ern States, as certainly as like causes produce like effects. There are few counties in Geor gia that cannot divert an amount of capital from its ordinary channels sufficient to build up a manufacturing village, which in a few years would equal, and in many instances sur pass, Prattsville, without material embarrass ment to the present pecuniary afT.tirs of the citizens. Apart, then, from the consideration ol the subject as a revenue measure, it presents peculiar attractions to the philanthropic and patriotic, in the advantages which such a sys tern affords tor the education of the poor chil dren of the dtate, and the securing a market for labor for al! those who have that commodi ty to sell. These important advantages im prove the moral and physical condition of lhe poor, and while ihey elevate their standard of comfort will greatly contribute to their happi ness Influence of American Institutions* The London Spectator presents the follow ing contrast which, says the Baltimore Ameri can. is truthfully drawn, and which cannot be contemplated without some reflections point ing to future consequences. The changes al luded to in ’he concluding part of the extract are connected with a plan submitted by Mr. Roebuck ‘‘for the government of some portion of lhe colonial possessions <»f England ” What lhe particular features of that plan are we have had no means, as yet. of knowing. “ The career that lies be*bre two men. one of whom has been born and lives upon the Southern shore of the St. Lawrence, and the oiher on the North ol that river, i» a striking example of the observation here made. The one is a cmz nnftheU ited Siates; the other a suljecl of England, aCa adian c«»lonist. The one has a country winch he can call Ins own; a great country already diatiog'iishad in arms, in arts, ami in some degree in literature. Io his country's honor amt tame the im rican has a »h ire, and he enters upon his career of life with lotiy agpir-iiions, hoping to achieve fame himself in some of the many paths )<» ren<>wn which h acouo ry wile re. She has a Senate an Army, a Navy, a Bar, many powerful and rich churche', her men of science, her physicians, phil>*-o ph»*ra, are all a national brotherlio>><i, giving and re ceiving distinction. How g.lltnu to the p> >r colonist is the contract to this which his inglorious career af lorda. He has no country ; the pl.-ce where he was born, and where he is ’o linger out his life, unknown to fmie, has no history—no past gl*»ry, n« present re uown. What th* re is of Note is England’s I Canada is not « nation; she is a colony, a tiny sphere, the sn lelhte ofa mighty star, in whose brightness she is lost. Camda has no Navy, no Army, <»■> literatiir-, no brother hood of science. If, then, a Canadian look a far honor in any of these various fields, he inu»i seek it as EiiglMliiiian; he must forget and deseit bis country before lie can be kn••wn to fame. We must not th-n wonder if we find every intelligent and am bilious Canadian wiih a faelmj of bitterness in his h- art, because of his own inferiority o' condition Pew will own o eote* faming the feeling, if they be prudent, even to friends; some, indeed, contrive to nide it from themselves; neve thcle.-e, there it is, and mu»t tie, so long as his country remains a colony. Bur by care the painful part of ihi- cnlrion may be gr*atlv diminished, if not entirely taken away, and what little remains may be, perhaps, more than com pensated by the benefits which the Colony may de rive fnnn England, by whose friendly aid and hon < Table kindness she may be enabled to bold a higher [pisiiion Hmong nati ns than she could do were she entirely indepe dent.” It would be very difficult. continues the Ame rican. to devise any siicce«sfii plan which would combine the colonial relation with those ex pansive ideas and aspirations which pertain to an independent uaiionality. The colonist has no country. Os one of the largest and most elevating of human sympathies he is deprived. Born and reared upon a dependent soil he has no indi iduaiity of existence nor any identifi cation with an existence greater than his own. A man may afford to himself in the na tionality of a great republic or empire ; he may take pride in such an abnegation of him self ; he may feel that he derives from such an identification more reflected glory than he ever could, in his own selfhood, impart or ac quire. But the colonist is like a parasite plant, which clings to the parent stock, yet is not re cognized as a part of it. Some British statesmen of the last century regretted, after our ind'-pendenre was gained, an order of colonial nobility had not been es tablished in this country It is even said that in the early period of, our Revolution such a design of conciliation was sincerely considered, and that a Dukedom was to be offered to Wash ington. Such a scheme, even if proposed be fore the alienation of the Colonies from the mother country had become fixed, would have failed utterly, because every step tending to give a distinct existence to such colonies as the old thirteen would have tended to their ulti male independence. “I he People.’* We take pleasure in calling the attention of Irishmen and the friends of Ireland, to the fact th a Mr. Chakles C. Jackson. an Agent for I "The People" newspaper, is now in this City, at Mrs. Camfield's, for the purpose of extending the circulation of that journal. "The People” is edited by Messrs. Thus Devon Reilly and W.m E R<>bin»on. both favorably known in the world of journalism, and is designed as a r-flex ol the liberal principles of our govern ment. and io poin ’he Sons of the Emerald Lie. driven by oppression from their native land, to the vast resources of America. Dividend t'be Iron 3 e.nnboil Company have declared a semi annual dividend of Jit e per ont. The Bank of Hamburg, S. C , has declared a dividend Gom the profits of the last half year of $2 per chare, being at the rate of eight per cent per annum. The ship Goy Muonering arrived at New York on Thurcday morning, from Liverpool, with seven hundred and seventy nine p.-Aen ! gm There were hirty five deaths on board during the pa»-age. Father Mathew has not yet arrived in the Coiled States The announcement of the pack **l s ip Ashburton being below at New York, on Thursday last, on board of which vessel he is a passenger, was premature. Up to noun on Saturday, nothing wr« known of her. Princeton College.—The initial exercises of th- K)2d anniversary of this venerable insti tution took place on Tuesday afternoon The literary societies were addres-ed by the H<»n John Thompson Masonnf Maryland His the tn e was Education. On Wednesday evening the annual exerc ses of the junior class drew to gether a large and fashionable audience. The was to be held Friday The College, it in -aid. was never in a more pros perous condition. Germans m America.—There nre in the Ohm Conference alone forty three German Me* thodiai preacher-. Most of them have some knowledge of Fnglish —La*ely they h ive form ed themselves into an association for their mu tuai itnpro* ement: and also to devise measures for preaching the Go-pel m«re exien-ively and effectually among their brethren in thi* country. The number of Germans in the United States is about two millions, and is rapidly increas ing. The steam ship Fu/cun. Thompson, master, from New York for Chagres, touched off our bar at an early hour yesterday morning The mail and five parent ers which went down to her in tne steamer Mount Pleasant w*re placed on board, after winch she proceeded on her voyage. —CA. Cour. Afire ocetired on the 24th at Danville, Pa., by winch the Muotnur IronCotnpatty was injur ed to the amount of $6 000 to s*.ooo. Lose covered by insurance. A letter received in this city on Saturday last from Washington, stales that Dr J. F. Griffin, of Hamburg South Carolina, has been appoint ed Consul a. Vera Cruz and Alvarado, Mex* co.— Ch. Corn. THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR r Opinion-, of the Press* The Soother* Cultivator, for June pub- 1 fished nt Augusta. Georgia, m on otir table. Its contents afford r rich treat to the agricultu- j riflt who in deairons of accumulating a stock of useful information with regard to his pursuits. r We bespeak for the Cultivator a liberal pat- $ ronage It is worthy of it.— Yazoo Democrat. ( The Souther* Cultivator. —We have ’ received the first six numbers of the seventh < volume of this highly interesting and useful ag I ricultural journal. The .Southern Cultivator * is published monthly at Augusta. Georgia, for I the low price of one dollar a year. The num < bers before ns contain a goodly quantity of t well written and well selected articles upon al > most every branch of agriculture, embellished ‘ with many elegant engravings. In his num her we publish u condensed prospectus of lhe i Cultivator so that ah who may wish an agri ’ cultural periodical, adapted to the South, may ’ know where to procure the cheapest and lhe best.— Bayou Sara Ledger. < Cholera. —At Philadelphia during the 24 ! hours ending 2441 insytul, at 1 P. M., there ( were three cases and three deaths. Chester, Pa. there was one death by cholera on Saturday. St Louis, June 22, 1849. —The interments yesterday in eleven cemeteries, were 130, ol which 106 were caused by cholera. To-day, there were 9li burials in ten cemeteries, of which 86 were from cholera. Cincinnati, June 23. 1849.—0 f the inter ments in the various places of burial up to noon to day. there were 60 from cholera, and 18 from other diseases. I’he weather exceed mgly hot. At Lexington, Ky.. there were nineteen deaths by cholera during the four days ending on lhe 19th Toe remarks of lhe Observer may be useful in allaying the unnecessary apprehensions and increasing the necessary precautions of those who may at any time be exposed to lhe attacks of the cholera The editor says— “ We will remark that there has been a pretty general predisposition to the disease among our citizens, and a great many cases of diar rhea, attended sometimes with vomiting and cramps, have occurred; but the great mass of these cases have yielded readily to medical treatment, and Lie patients have been relieved Indeed we do not hesitate to state asourdelib erate opinion, founded upon the best informa tion, that not asingie case has occurred, follow ed by a fatal termination, in which inexcusable imprudence or neglect may not be readily traced.” At Richmond on 23d,p. m. there were report ed five cases and three deaths. Since the com mencement ol cholera in that city there have been 103 cases and 52 deaths. The Board of Health on the 26th reported ten new cases three of which had terminated fatally, and seven stili under treatment or convalescent. At Louisville on the 21st, eight deaths The Nashville True Whig of 19th says : The number of burials at the city graveyard, on Saturday last, were 38, and on Sunday only 13 The Memphis Eagle of the 15 th says: There were 20 deaths of cholera in this city on Thurs day. They were confined to particular loculi ties. Yesterday there were 7 deaths, as far as we could learn. The victims were chiefly wo men. The Austin (Texas) Democratsta’es that the cholera had nearly or qu te disappeared from Sail Amonio. The mortality exceed-* concep tion The deaths number seven hundred in a population under fifteen hundred. The At New York, during the 24 hou’S ending on the 26 h instant at noon, there were seventy three cases and 38 deaths. At Brooklyn, during 'he same period, there ' were six cases and three deaths. Ai Hoboken there have been six cases and ( three deaths At Bergen five dea'hs have occurred. 1 One fatal case had occurred on lhe road near Bergen Point, and one case on (he Secaucus R«»ad. from which if would appear that lhe ( country near the city is not exempt from the I cholera. , At Camden, N J daring the 24 hours ending ; on lhe 25th. noon, there were twenty cases ol > cholera and four deaths. * » Two deaths hive occurred al Haddonfield. ' and one ac»o.*n Cooper’s Creek, near < amden ' At Richmond on the 25’h iu-l. there were ’ ten cases and three deaths ; and on the 26 h, ’ en cases and four deaths. * I'he ch fam has made its appearance at San ger'ie-. N. Y. Os l2cas>-8 4 have proved fatal , A* Pittsburgh, on lhe 25ih, there was one case. At Warsaw (Mo ) on the 9lh there were i sevt-ncas'B and four deaths. The whole number of deaths in St Louis, * during the week ending on the 17tli instant. ’ was 402. There were thirty deaths on board the«team “ er Sultana, on her passage from Cairo, lo Si . L-mis When she reached lhe latter place, on 1 7th. six dead bodies were onboard, and quite * a number were sick. r The Covington Union says there have been s several cases in that vicinity, recently, some it of which prove.! fatal. I’he Nashville True " hig of2l-t says that •* lhe disease has in a great measure ceased iis ravages While the number of its victims 3 have greatly diminished its a tacks are of a I much milder nature. On the 19th there were time, and on lhe 2O’.h twelve deaths. I’he a deaths for the week ending on the 20lh were j 117. At Louisville on the 22d there were 8 deaths. Al Elizabethtown. 111., on the Ohio river, the - fatality is very great. Out of a population of r lens than 300 there have been 24 deaths in the f course of two or three days I’he inhabitants vxerr fleeing from the place. The cholera is r-till prevailing on many plan I rations on the river in the vicinity of Vicksburg, The Sentinel slates that that city is free of the disease, and is more healthy than usual at this * season of lhe year i ——. . Beautiful Passage —An article upon the Riihject ol “ Revivals,” in a la’e number of the Christian M irror, contains lhe following beau tiful passage : “The spiritual kingdom of God, like His kingdom of nature, is advanced hy influences which areas still and as secret as they are great. ‘ What can be more soft and still than the influ ence oflight on the material world ? Millions of ! rays falling on the infant in his cradle, do not awake it from sleep ; yet those rays convey ’ fertility and beauty to every tree, and shrub and flower, and blade of grass; nay, they un bind lhe frosts of winter—they unlock our riv er in the spring, they cause a general resurr c lion of lhe vegetable kingdom, and by (he abundant harvest they procure, fill the hearts <>f countless millions with food and gladness. Without light, the earth would become unfit for the habitation of man; the entire race would soon perish. B:ii light makes no noise, no tumult, no parade of power. The earth quake. the volcano, lhe hurricane, with a thou sand fold more noi-e. exert not a thousandth part of its influetif?e on the con ition of the world Just like iight, was designed to be lhe influence of the gospel; silent, soft, gentle, unobtrusive ; yet penetrating, far reaching powerful, saving. We. my Christian friends, are called “lhe light of the world let us be such in 'he place where we reside. The per fectioii of machinery is evinced by its noiseless movement. Ordinarily, lhe more noise there is in religion, lhe less there is in its power The kingdom of God cometh not with pomp, and show, and outward ostentation It is like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, nil the whole was leaven ed. An Incident of the Revolution.—[From the work of Mrs. Ellet on the “ Women of the Kevolution ’] Rochet Ctildirell-— Sometime in the Fall of 17H). a stranger Hopped at the house of Dr Caldwell, Cunt and worn with fatigue, to ask supper amt lodging for the night He an nounced himseh an express bearing despatches from Washington i<* General Greene. then on ike Pedee river He had imagined that he would be free from danger under the roof of a mini-terof the Go-pel—but Mrs. Caldwell soon undeceived him «»«• this point She wa rthme. her hu-band was an object of peru’iar hatred >o ihe lories and -he could not tell the day or h<»ur when an a't «ck might be expected. Sh« nld 'hey chance io hear ol traveller, and learn tha ? he had important papers, he would certainly be robbed before morning She -aid he should >ave something to eat im mediately. hut advised him to reek some other place of shelter for the night 'This intelligence so much alarmed the stran ger that hi.s agnation would not permit him to eat. But a -hon time had passed before voice were heard withoii'. with cries of *• Surround the house!’ and the dwelling was presently as sailed by a body of Tories. With Admirable calmness Mrs Caldwell hade the stranger fol low her. and led him out at the opposite door. A large locust tree stood close by, and the night was «o dark that no object could be discerned amidst it* clustering foliage She bade him climb the tree thorny as it was, and con ceal himself till the men should be engaged in plundering the house. He con Idihen de-cer.d on the other t-ide and trust to flighi f<»r his safe ty. The hou-e was pillaged, as *he had ex pected, but the express made his escape, to re member with gratitude the woman whose pru dence had saved him with the loss of her pro perty Une little incident is characteristic Among such articles as the housewfe especially prize- Mrs C a id-veil had an elegant table cloth, which ►he valued as the gift of her mother While the Tories on one occasion were in her hou-e collecting plunder, one of iheiu broke open the chest or drawer which contained it, and drew out he tablecloth. Mrs Caldwell seized and held it fast, determined not to give up her treasure. When she found that her rapacious enemy would soon succeed in wresting it from her. unless she could make use of some other than muscular force to prevent him, she turn ed to the other men, of the party, whose atten tion had been attracted by the struggle, so that they i.ad gathered around her. Still keeping her hold on the table-cloth, she appealed to them with all a woman’* eloquence, asking il some of them bad not wivesordaugh ters for whose sake they would interfere to cause her to be treated with more civility. A -mail man. who stood at the distance of a few feet, presently stepped up. with tears in his eye* and said that he had a wife—a fine woman •he was to<>—and that he would notallow any rudenes- to be practised to wards Mrs. Caid well. His interference compelled the depre dator to restore the valued article. Bonk Manure.——The Rockville Jonrnal speaks of a surprising improvement in a farm of about two hundred acres, near that place, i which has been mainly effected by the use of ’ bone. 1: was purchased at $5 per acre, and! two years ago perfectly barren ; it is now < in clover and timothy, and has also a good erop j of wheat anil . ’ TELEGRAPHIC NEWS. EXTRACTS FROM OUR EXCHANGES Frrrm tht B’dtirftarc Anw»Cfi*~By Telegraph Wheeling June 23.—The steamer Wyo minx arrived here nt 10 o’clock this morning She had 10 case* of cholera on board during the 24 hours previous to her landing, and 7 o’ them proved fatal. Thi« *ad intelligence took our citizens hy surprise, and when the boat first neared the wharf the city authorities, not being prepared lo act promptly, at first re fused io allow the passengers and dead bodies to be landed Aller further consideration, however, they were permitted to be brought ashore and the necessary relief was administer ed. Montreal, Jone 23. 1849 —Annexation is still the topic of discussion ; it is advocated by the press of this city generally and a paper in about starting lor its support The weath’r is intensely hot, and several cases have occurred where men have been ■ struck fro«n the effects of the heat of ttie nun. Calais. Me., June 22 —P. M.—The weather nas been exceedingly warm to day ; lhe ther mometer, in the coolest place, being up lo 96 The fires in the woods are still raging in ev ery direction, and mere than six millions acres of timber land have fallen a prey to the de vouring element, in this part of Maine and the nrovince of New Brunswick. There is no water for driving logs. Nearly ail the preset!' -lock is sawed. The lumber business must be suspended for the summer, and lhe be.nt fields of grass it is likely, will not be worth cutting. I’he prospects wf the country were never mo/> gloomy than at pre-ent St Louis, June 22—8 p m.—Late accounts have been received of a renewal of disturb ances between the California Emigrants and the Indians in which a number of each were killed. The Cholera was still making sad havoc among the emigrants. Numerous parties were daily returning. From the Charleston Courier. By Telegraph. Neic Orleans. June 25—1 41 P M— A large meeting has been held of those persons favora ble to the German patriots, in their present struggle for freedom. The steam ship Isthmus, from Chagres, via the Havana, has arrived. She left the former place <»n the 13th of the present month I’he rainv season had commenced.but it was healthy All the emigrants al Panama had taken passage in .hesteam ship California, for San Francisco, which vessel was expected lo leave about th»- 20ih The (J S. frigate Raritan had arrived at Havana, and v ould leave for Vera Cruz on the 23d to join the squadron 'l’he steam er fathmus brought a small mail from San Francisco. I’he steam ship Globe had arrived from the Brazos with 50 006 dollars in specie. The in surreciionists had isMi*!<! proiiuuciamenros. which w’ere common in Matamoras and the neighboring provinces Al Vera Cruz on the. 16th the monarchists and partizans of Santa Anna had concerted together for the over throw of lhe government of Herrera; ami a revolution in favor of Santa Anna was daily expected A Mexican vessel of war left Vera Cruz on the 13th for Tabasco, as was reported, where agents of Santa Anna were expected to land for the purpose of making a demonstration in his favor. The Mississippi Democratic State Conven tion had as-embled, and had nominated Gen. Quitman lor Governor 'l’he (J S Br nch Mint at New Orleans were engaged in Coining .he gold dollar, and were issuing them in large quantities A minor prevails that upwards of seventy two emigrants from Rapides. Louisiana, en route for California, had been attacked flnsside of lhe R<>cky Mountains, and nil. with lhe ex ception ofsix had heen murdered I’he Concordia Intelligencer oavs that the Colton crop in lue Mississippi valley must be remarkably short. From the Baltimore Amtrican —By Telegraph. VVa'Hi'GTon, June 25 p in— OJiciul Ap pointmrtd. Heurv Williams Aitoriit-y tor ihe Stale of Georgia, vice Francis B flow—de clined. Philadelphia June2s Extensiveßohbtry —'l’lm extfn-ive imporii'tg jewelry extabh-n --menl of Messrs Watson & Hildeburrt N«» 76 Market street, was entered between 12 and 1 o'clock v eMerda), and fobbed o. ov»-r tw<» hun dred gold and silver watches, and some one Imndreu or mure g- 11 chain- of » arious de scriplions beside- a number of di uhoikl rings, breastpins, pencils and oiher valuable jewelry. I'he propertv stolen is estimated al abuul twenty thousand dollar.-) The thieves made their way into the build ing through a sky light window and thu- went down to the store They are yet undetected, though the police are in pursuit. Tli« robbery was a bold and daring one. Philadelphia, June 25. 9 P. M.—The Board of He Illi have reported twenlv ca-*es of Cholera and seven deaths during lhe 24 hours, ending at noon to day. New York. Junc2o 9p m — The Board of Health report forty seven cases of Cho'era du ring the 24 hours ending at noon today and twenty five deaths from that disease. Boston. June 25 —The Legislature of New Hauip.-hire has agreed by a vote of 63 majority not to aboli.-h capital punisfimeiit from the Statutes. Cincinnati, June 25 —There were 78 Cho lera iiderinent.i during th** 24 hours ending at noon on Sunday, and 26 from other diseases. During the 24 hours, ending at noon to day, there have been 84 interments from Cholera, and 36 from other diseased. The epidemic is fearfully on the iocrea-e. We have very warm weather. Business is dull, being much affected by the prevalence of the epidemic. St Louis. June 22. 1849 —William Luther has just arrived from California via the Isth mus of Panama. Two years ago, Mr Luther left the Stale of Illinois a poor man. and he now returns to the bosom of his friends, after having accumulated a fortune. He fully confirms all the previous accounts of the richness of the gold mines, of which he possesses quite a suHi' iency of the most con vincing proofs in the way of gold dust He likewise states that Col Fremont and his party had reached Sutter’s Fort He represents the soil of California as being but little short of a sterile desert, and mostly unfit for agricultural , purposes. from the Baltimore American—By Tdegraph, New York, June 26.—We have dates here from San Jose to the 30ih of April, from which we learn dial over seven thousand Mexicans have est lower California for the mines. I he Americans who desire engaging in mi ning on the (»ila river, have been prevented by the disparity of their numbers and the con slant fear of encroachment upon them by the Mexicans. Fifteen thousand stand of English muskets have been sent to the mouth of the Gila river ■ from Mazatlan A rumor is prevailing which has caused mirch excitement to the effect that the Mexican government intend disputing and contesting the decision and action of our Ame rican Commissioner in relation to the bounda ry The Mexicans proles* to claim all the rich mines of Gila and its tributaries. St Louis June 25 —The weather still con tinues very warm. The river continues to rise There is no abatement in the progress of the cholera here, The deaths average lU3 per day. Eight cemeteries reported on Saturday 75 cholera interments, and eighteen from other diseases On Sunday eight cemeteries report ed 93 cholera interments, and 1G from other disease*. June 27.—The interment* yesterday in 12 cemeteries *eie in all 121. of which 100 were of cholera .and the residue of other disease* The interment* for itie week ending the 24 h instant, were in all 763, of which s*<9 were vic tims of the prevailing epidemic One hundred and sixty of lhe above cases were under tour year* of age. Besides these many have b» en privately buried of whom wh h iva no ac count. The country around St. Louis is ex ceedmgiy sickiy . and hundreds have died whoae death* are not reported. The <-h«dera prevails to an alarming extent •»n lie Upper Mi—issippi—22 p-is-engers on board lhese*mer Uncle Toby died wiih lhe cholera between this place arid Oqile Awka. The cholera is m iking fearin' stride* among lhe Shawnee and Delaware tribes of Indian* They are deserting ami burning lheir village* Sr Louis June 25. 1849 *—New-from < hi huahua to the 7 h u|i say-lhe neighboring In dians are very hostile, arid that a number of -kirmi-he* had laken place between them and the emigrants in which several were killed on both s des On the 4th of May. Butcher and his party were aHacked by a large number of Mexicans. A fight ensued in which twenty three Meli cans we'e killed. Accounts received from the emigrants be yond Fort Kearney, slate that buffaloes are very scarce. On the 16th of May. Capt Garrott accident ally shot himself on the plains Ciicismatj, June 25 The interments du ring the twenty four tiuura ending noon so-day, are as follows: 84 from cholera, and 36 from other diseases. Yesterday (he Board of Health reported 78 cholera interment. and 26 from other diseasea, fur the 24 hours ending al noon. CiMCiNMATi, June 25 1849—Our city still continues to be tn a very unhealthy state, and the number of interments reported by our ce meteries, are frightfully incieasing; today they reported one hundred and iwenty-four burials for the preceding twenty four hours. Business, of course. is little or n »thing thought of; the transactions that are made are to supply our immediate wants. We have had coneidet able rains, but the atmosphere is s’.ill oppres sive. Borrow, June 25—The weather here has been exceecingly hot. and nine deaths have occurred within the pa-l three days from heat, and drinking cold ware- whilst overheated. We have no cholera reports io make. Philadelphia, June 27. p m —The Board of Health have reported 43cases and 12 deaths from cholera, for the 24 hours ending at noon to-day. Bosro.v. June 26 —At Fredonia,on Sunday,a man driving a carriage containing three ladies attempted to cross French creek, where he got into fifteen feet water The hordes, vehicle and contents were carried by the current under a boat, and before they could be extricated the ladies had perished. The man and horses were ■ saved From the Baltimore San—By Telegraph. Philadelphia, June 28. — The Board of Health have reported 40 cases and 13 de tths of cholera for the 24 hours ending at noon to day So far. it will be observed, that the number of deaths in proportion to th*' number of cases, is smaller here than in any other city in which thedi»ea»e nan yet appeared, which speaks well for the skill of our physicians. S/. Luais, June 27.—The excitement produ ced in th.■ city by the spread of cholera, is in tense. A tremendous meeting of our citizens was held last night, for the purpose of adopting immediate mea-iire- to mitigate the farther pro gress of die cholera among us Washimgtox. Jt'NK 28—p. m—Phillip R. Feiidull. Attorney <•>’ the Di.triet of Columbia rice Mr. Key. retnored Mr. Fendatl waa appointed District Attorney by Gen tlarruon, and wan removed by Preaideut Polk, who ap. P to be Marshall for the Di»- trict of Columbia We learn tnat Wm. A. Bradley E-q ha. been appointed Po.tmaeter of Weahrngton city* . . New York. June 27 —The subscripttonß f..r the capital xtock of one million of dollars lor lhe Panama Railroad Co. were ell taken to day— part for Philadelphia The shares are „he hundred dollars each—ten dollar, on each share lo be paid at the time of sub-ctibing. From the Charleston Courier —Hy Telegraph. New OkLHANS. June 28, 9, a ill —CutteeU Ye-ierdav . 40110 balea were disposed of at tne previous advance. Middling i» quoted at 6} fniuhls.—Cotton to Liverpool jd. Coast wise no change. . I he weather is pleasant, and the city healthy. From the Baltimore American —By Telegraph Philadelphia June 29 6 P. M.—Thewea •her continues very oppre-sive. The ther mometer at 2P. M was 85 degrees in lhe whade. The cholera is yet unabated—rather on the • ncrease. The B«»;«rd of health have reported 48 cases and 9 deaths for the 24 hours ending at noon to day. , New York June 29 GP. M The packet ship Ashburton, with Father Mathew,the great Apostle of Temperance on board, was tele graphed in lhe offimg late this afternoon The news as received by telegraph has had a favorable e* r ecl upon the Cotton maiket, though purchasers are not willing to buy large ly until their private letters come to hand. 1 he sales, however, amount lo 1000 bales al full prices prior to lhe steamer, and holders asking at the close an advance St. Louis, June 27.—Twelve Cemeteries report 121 interments for lhe last 24 hours, of which 100 were from Cholera For the week ruling the 24th. there ivere 763 deaths, of which 559 were Cholera, under four years ol age, 160 It is supposed that a great many have been buried in private grounds in and around the city. The country in the vicinity of the city is very unhealthy; hundreds have died. Montreal —The steamer Passport collaps ed ner boilers this morning, and nine emigrants w ere killed. F.fieen other persons were scald* ed, some dangerously Five cases of c! , have been reported in town to-day, oT wh«»m died. American St ar a ladt. Far o’er lhe azure billows, Far <» er lhe a wife bright seas. Our Union stars are shining, Aloft in every breeze; Brave hearts beneath them beating, Wher’erin every zone, The wares of ocean cheering, Their clustered rays are thrown. And in the sunlight glancing Witte over spray and foam, They telegraph our country— America and home; i And smile in quiet beauty Upon the wav. • below • Oi give a •* sparkling welcome” , To every gallant foe. They shine on hill and valley, Frame amt mountain-chain, And gleam o’er lake and river, As o’er ihr di-iant main. I'hey shine oe’r storied palaces, . Where Wa*hingL«n has trod. And o’er hi* silent slumbers, Beneath the hdl-oved end. Beneath lheir kindly aspect, ‘ H«>;»e in 'tie bosom *pnng3, * And genius lake'll courage Io spread his starrv wings, And freely ever, virtue. In healthful beauty grows, ’ And til unharmed religion « Transplants her denihless rose. Genista our skies translated, From En.daml’s ol<lrn crown, They n» iheir ancient glory Add fresh and fiesh renown, [j Star alter *ta» Mill circles I Around ihe bright “thiiteen,” Their disk* ami - tar-points beaming In one pme ligni b ei'rne. e . And brightening and ascendant, Mny their fiii wreath r< main ’ Wi h not one Fl aid missing, lais from i's sister tram — 1 Tin ir azure field inlaying, Sml glisten wuleund lur, ' And pit ree through cloud and shadow, it Triumphant every star — O’er names ol glorious lustre, ■V As in iho Past still shine, A generous influence shedding, e Enduring as benign Close-linked, their golden •* patines” } Brith’ warders o’er u* stand, ' An undiinmed asterism, Safe in God’s right hand ! »f Boston Transcript. I- J Curious Reminiscence. — Ritchie once Op posed to Slavery.— Looking, a day or two since, v over an old file of the Richmond Enquirer, for the year 1820, published by the present editor of the Union, we found (says lhe Rich . mond Times) in a number which was mostly t full of the debates in Congre k s on the Missou ri question, then in its crisis, a curious avow al of the editor’s opinions on the subject of slave : ry. An able corespondent, using ihe signa ture of” An Inquisitive Slaveholder," proved, t by many quotations from the Bible, that slave ry was di-tinctiy recognized and sanctioned under the old Jewish polity. The Enquirer published the essay with a prefatory editorial, which we copy below It is ni least amusing to observe, that while the Enquirer, of the pre sent day, holds every Whig press to be hetero dox which hesitates to give assent to Mr. Elwood Fisher's pleasant argument, that ihe slave Slates are r. aer than lhe free States, such sentiments as the following were openly declared by the former editor in the very midst of the great excitement that pervaded the coun try on the Mi-souri question. In the same paper which contained this editorial, the first news was given of ihe prospect of compromise at Washingion, (the same which was carried into effect.) and the editor bitterly condemned the scheme as a violation of lhe sovereign Fghts of the Slates: from the Richmond Enquirer of February 26, 1820. “The same principle which this day induces us to publish an address on the Missouri ques tion, leads us to give place to the following. Let the press be free. VVe confess it to be a very ingenious, elegant and forcible produc tion. It may, too. have the good effect desired by the author, of softening down those fiery en thusiasts of the East, who ciie the Bible, with out reservation, as an authority on ail occasions for charging the Southern people with inhu manity—and who seem to have forgotten that the evilo slavery has been too common; not confined to ourselves alone, hut even found a inong the ancient Hebrews.—by what mysteri ous dispensations it was so permitted, it is not for usto presume to conjecture. We protest, however, and of that of so many others, that we do not vindicate servitude; we wish no slave had touched our soil; we wish it could be terminated. As republicans, we frankly declare, before our God and our country, that we abhor its insiitiiHon; but what then 1 Is this the question now ? Is it not a curse, not chosen by our forefaihers. but upon them, and ! entailed upon ourselves? And does not every man. unle-s fie be a fanatic, conceive how diffi i cull it is for ns to he rid of it. in a mannercon- Isisient with <»ur future peace and tranquillity. A* to the extension of slavery beyond the Mis sissippi. it i* miserable cant; it would tend to soften ihe evil and t«» accelerate abolition.” Verily this is as bad as Gen Cass’ farnoiig prayer for“ Abolition everywhere ” which had so much promnence in the canvass of 1848. Pacific Railroad Meeting—The Saint Louis papers report the proceedings of ihe Pacific Railroad Meeting. Afteran interchange of v ews. provision was made by a unanimous vote, lor the holding in St Louis, on the ihiru Monday in October next, of a great Motional Convention, ' for the purpose of taking imo consideration the expediency anj pracncab.,i ty of establishing a line of electric telegraph, and of constructing a railway from St. Louis to the Bay of of San Francisco.” The Chairman of ihe meeting ( Mnvor of St. Lo*'is) was aiiifiorized to appoint a commit tee of twenty five, wtiose duly it shall be to prepare an address to the people of ihe United Stales, urging (hem to take into lheir serious con-iderniion :ne*e interesting *u<>jeciß —io open and coridncta corre«pondeiiCe with every portion of ihe Union, in such manner as to fur. : her the object* of the meeting—to collect, pre pare and publish all the facts calculated to re commend these subjects to public considera tion, and to suggest when and how they ought tube accomplish'd—and. finally, to prep vie and classify, and have printed for the use of the members oflbe October Convention, every fact within their power, calculated to shed light upon these subjects together with a map and profile sections, in de up from the best au thorities. — Mobile Advertiser. Mr Benton has been nominated for Presi dent by a Convention in Lee county, lowa, A Marylander s Operations in Califor nia —A letter from J. D Hope, formerly of Carroll county, who abandoned the duties of an editor at San Francisco and went trading to the mines gives the following as lhe result: My last stock of goods which I took to the mines, the invoice of which was about $5 000, 1 sold at lhe mines the first day in a lump, at an advance of S4OUO, clear of transportation, dkc. After selling my goods. 1 dug g“ld until 1 got tired, and then returned home, with upwards of sll 000 in the precious metal*, S6OOO of which were my profits from October 9, to Nov. 15. CIGARS, TOBACCO, SNUFF AND PIPES. GUSTAVUS VOLGRR, Importer and Deal er in Havana and Domertic Cigars, would respectfully Inform his friends and the public in gen eral, ’hat be baa received and will always keep en hand, a large and well selected stock of HAVANA CIGARS. Also, a large stock of his own manufacture, which he will eel! lower than they can be bougbt in any other marker TOBACCO of the finest brands and most celebra ted Virginia manufactories put up in pound, half pound and five and eight pound lumps Lord lard’s SNUFF. CIGAR CASES, MATCHES; German French, Chalk and Clay PIPE’?, &c. &c. The nbo/e articles are fu sale at the Cigar and Tobac co Warehouse, one door below Jno. P. Setze’a cor ner, Augusta, Ga. a;.6-6ai QAAA LBS - AMERICAN OVW BLISTERED STEEL, 2,u00 Lua. Cast a<id German STEEL, 2,000 Lbs. Plough MOULDS, for sale low by ;e29 HAND, WILLIAMS CO