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BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
Is Published every Wednesday,
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THE CHROIfICLB AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
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Daily Paper SlO per annum.
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TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
/ In Wbbkly.—Seventy-five cents per square (12
> lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cents
for each subsequent insertion.
Business (Earftg.
To Professional EBusiness Men.
PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS CARDS, not
exceeding six lines, will be inserted under this head
at the rate of $lO per annum. Cards exceeding six
lines, will be charged prorata per line.
3ttornies unit Soliiitors.
_ CVManJfGj
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Sandersville
_ r** WILL practice io all the cowfie.
' •JUH’rcwi'. . "■ .
6-
K. G. * A. G,
T TOR N E Y S AT LAW.
The undersigned are still engaged in the prac
tffce of Law.
Office at Madison, Morgan County, Ga.
All business entrusted to them, will meet with prompt
and efficient attention. N. G. FOSTER,
fe2B-tf A. G. FOSTER.
CHAPLEY K. STROTHER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
Practices in the Northern Circuit. All business
will receive prompt and efficient attention.
Office at Lincolnton, Ga. je2B-tf
ROBERT HESTER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Elberton Georgia.
WILL practice in the counties cf Elbert,
Wilkes, Lincoln, Oglethorpe, Madison and Franklin.
my 22-1 y
WM. T. TRAMMELD,
ATTORNEY AT LA W,
ROME,
Floyd County - •• • Georgia.
Fj* Will also practice in the counties of Paulding,
Cass, Cherokee, Gilmer, Murray, Walker, Dade and
Cbattoogi. Refer Io Hand, Williams & Co., Tho®.
Barrett <fc Co., Adams, Hopkins & Co., Gould &
Bulkley, Augusta, Ga. felO-wly
E. C. SHACKELFORD,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
LEXINGTON, SA.
Reference. — Hon. A.H.Stephens, Crawfordville,
Ga. ap23-wly.
Linton Stephens, | J. L. Bird.
STEPHENS & lIR.D,
ATTORNIES AT LAW,
CRAWFORDVILLE, GA.
ftjpWi II practice in ail the Counties of the North
ern circuit. jy!6-ly*
D. C. SIMPSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
ATLANTA.-.. GEORGIA.
Wil! promptly attend toall business entrusted
tohis care. f29-ly
JOSEPH C. WILKINS,
ATTORNEY ATLAW,
n- Will practice m all the counties of the Eastern
Circuit.
OFFICE IN RICEBORO, LIBERTY COUNTY,
Georgia. sll-tf
ROBERT E. WOODING,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Appling, Georgia. f2B-wly
EDWARD H. POTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
WARRENTON ... GEORGIA.
References —Messrs. A. J. <ft T. W. Miller, Augusta
Ga.; Hon. T. B. King, Glynn county, Ga. jal2-t
.t' /. • M - J* B - M,
BERRIEN PEPPER,
ATTORNIES AT LA W,
?T*r Will continue to practice in the Middle Circuit
of Georgia. Their office is in WAYNESBORO,
BURKE COUNTY, where one of them will at all
times be found. my29-w
JASPER N. DORSEY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Dahlonega, • • • Georgia.
Will attend to all Professional business entrust
ed to him in the Cherokee Circuit, and in Habersham
county, of the Western Circuit.
Rbfkrbncka —Messrs. Hays Bowdre, Dr. Wm,
H. Turpin, Augusta; Hon. C. Dougherty, Athens.
James Law, Gainesville; Smith & Walker, and J;
W. Grady, Dahlonega. fe!4
FELIX C. MOORE,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT
LAW,
Crawfordville • • • Georgia.
Will practice in all thecountiesof the North
ern, and Greene county of theOctnulgee, Circuit.
Office in. the Court-House. f24-ly
JOHN LYON,
ATTORNEY ATLAW,
(Ofthe late firm of Richard F. A J. Lyon, Albany,)
will practice in the counties of Paulding, Cass, Chero
kee, Forsyth, Lumpkin, Union, Giltner, Murray,
Walker, Dade, Chattooga anti Floyd.
in SPRING PLACES, Murray county,
Georgia.
Refers to Gov. Chas. J. McDonald, Marietta; Col.
R. K. HincßjOf Macon ; Hon. Lott Warren, Messrs.
Hora& McGuire, Hunt & Pynehen, Albany. Ga.
Messrs. A. J. AT. W. Miller, Augusta. 529-ts
JOHN R. STANFORD,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clarkesville.. Ga.
Will practice in the counties of Clarke, Frank
lin, Habersham, Lumpkin, Forsyth, Gilmer, Union
Murray ami Gwinnett, and in the Federal Circui
Court for Georgia. 17 v
JOHN P. WILDE,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT
LAW,
?Vo. 11, Exchange Place, New Orleans.
-tjLrcr •Ml collections entrusted to his care, wilt re
ceive prompt attention. <127-1 y
JOHN K. JACKSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Augusta, • Georgia.
rr Will practice io Richmond, and the neighboring I
Counties of the Middle Circuit. Office neit be
low Messrs. A. J. dk T. W, Miller’s—Up Stairs.
References: —Messrs. Mixer & Pitman, Boston ;
Messrs. Hoisted & Rrokaw, S. C. Dortic, Blake &
Brown, John K. Hora, C. O. H aisled, New York;
Messrs. W. M. Martin, L. M. & B. W. Force & Co.,
Charleston; Messrs A. J.AT. W. Miller, Adams
A Fargo, W. Ek Jack* n A Co., Augusta. 025-
G. PUTNAM,
attorney at law,
Warrenton, Georgia. apl3-ly
LAW NOTICE.
THE UNDERSIGNED having formed a
co-partnership in the practice of law, offer
caprices to the public. All communications ad
drfilial U> Bll.ui will ui—uupt allen -
tran. JAS. T. BOTHWELL. Augusta, Gn.
• 12-wly THOMAS F. WELLS, Louisville. Ga.
Warehouse anD Commission.
Cha.. P. M’Caula. [ Gvstav. Romais
McCAlilaA *. ROMAIN.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
n 6 APALACHICOLA-FLORIDA. ly
H. L. JsrrKas. | W.S. Cothran.
JKFFHRS A COTHRAN.
and commission mek-
V CHANTS.
■ AUGUSTA, Ga., and HAMBURG, So.C*
f
K. A. SOCLLAUD,
COMMISSION MERCHANT,
SAVANNAH, GEO, nS-ly.
W H. C. MILLS,
FACTOR A COMMISSION MKRCUAXT,
Coalman business al his old «and,
No. 176 Bay-street, Savannah, tieorgla.
RtFKKKMCKS:
sWoMra. />'.l.fijniec4* frans, .<its-usZa.
O«Her Day 4" Co., .1/aron,
E. Padhfeni 4- 1 a., Sara-i.-iD o
Iron -foundries.
NEBBOX * TICKET.
EAGLE IRON <S BRASS FOUNDRY
AUGUSTA, GA,
Immediately above th* lot of the ok! Plan:er?’ Hotel.
JV Gearig (be Mdia. Gins. Ac., and
ether castings, made to order. Also Indterae of every
deeenpbun. All wvrk warranted. Orders from the
country will receive prompt attention. ap22
HiXchktw’ Water-wheel* on hand and toortkr.
Drugs, fllercijaniiise, S?e.
HAVILAND. RISLKT A CO„
DEALERS IN CHOICE DRUGS
MEDICINES, AC.. AC.
NE.AR THE MANSION HOUSE, GLOBE ANU
C, S. HOTELS. AUGUSTA. yS-ty
« PHILIP A. MOISE.
’WHOLESALE AND RETAIL R
PMltr >n Cboiro
»*UGS, MFIHCINES, PAINTS, OILS, Ac., 4c..
" HIXKKV. liXI HbJ. o 4
IdJftl''. 0 ""’' SUGARS
WHtSSFY . •“ o' -«
C. A. tM. H. WILLIAMS. I
I ST'S -A I I /l I i i
rLA vV V • v IAAA MkW WcKU
' _
Augusta, ®a.:
THVRSDAI MORNING, AUG. 23. 1849.
Great Fair of the Southern Agrlcultu
ral Association.
The recent Cattle Show and Fair at Stone
Mountain, were unquestionably the largest
and best exhibition ofthe kind ever seen in he
Southern States. Interesting and creditable as
was the show of horses, neat cattle, hogs and
other well bred animals, and the display of
domestic manufactures, needle work, paint
ings, dairy products, farm implements and nu
merous specimens of mechanical skill and in
genuity, these were greatly excelled by the ap
preciating enthusiasm for Improvement, mani
Tested by the thousands in attendance at the
Fair. We are happy to know that public
sentiment is right and ripening on this impor
tant subject. The Association is doing an in
calculable amount of good by annually collect
ing from seven to ten thousand farmers, me
chanics and manufacturers together at one
place, to compare notes, instruct one another,
and learn by personal inspection what can be
done in the way of raising fine and serviceable
horses and mules ; cows remarkable for their
milking properties; sheep that yield a great
deal of wool and mutton for their keep; hogs
that give the highest attainable quantity of pork
for the food consumed ; and steers equally
valu able for the yoke and the shambles. Every
intelligent man knows that Georgia contains
too much poor, and too little good stock. This
condition of things is beginning to change
A grade cow bei we b<«
Mr.
her
g ex-
hibited a pure blooded Domain and calf,
wr- *J***rfcd by all go od j u dges
of neat stock. Mr. R. Peters of Atlanta ex
hibited a couple of pure blooded Devons
which attracted more attention than any other
animals on the ground. Being at the Fair but
a short time, we had not time nor opportunity
to learn the names of the owners of much of
the stock, especially of horses, mares, colts,
mules and jacks. There were but few sheep
shown, and they Cotswolds, by Mr. Peters,
and a South Down and Leicester buck by Mr.
Twiggs. Mr. P. exhibited some beautiful
hogs of different breeds and imported stock.
A mammoth porker was sent down from Cass
ville which when well fatted will weigh some
seven or eight hundred pounds. The show of
poultry was small; but we venture to predict
that it will be far larger at the next exhibition.
There is room for great improvement in the
management of this class of domestic animals.
Mr. Johx Farrar of Putnam county exhibi
ted two lots of white wheat, bo.h of which drew
premiums. The highest premium however,
was awarded to a beautiful red Black Sea
wheat, which if not identical with the best Medi
terranean, is very similar in form, quality and
hardiness. We commend this grain to our
country friends. It will make less superfine
Hour per 100 pounds of wheat than the best
Genesee white wheats, but it is less liable to suf
fer by attacks from Hessian flies, rust, mildew,
and from frost and falling down. Having tra
velled over a number of counties off the rail
road, within the last ten days, and been much
with practical wheat-growers, we shall soon
write one or more articles on the production
of this important crop. Southern farmers
should not be discouraged by the signal failure
of their wheat at the last harvest.
To the Ladies of this State is due the honor
of making the exhibition at Stone Mountain
exceedingly attractive and popular. We re
gret our present inability to name a scoro at
least of those whose taste and handiwork, both
with the needle and the pencil, deserve special
commendation. At the next Fair they will
meet with the justice of having their articles
inspected and the premiums awarded by com
pelent committees of their own sex. The man
ner of conducting these annual shows and fairs
is to be remoddled and greatly improved.
chase of household fabrics, home manufactures,
rural implements, stock, &c. Thousandswill
go with their tents, provisions and cooks, pre
pared to stay a week, and be independent of
all public houses and sharpers. The society
can easily increase its receipts four fold,
and its premiums in an equal ratio. It em
braces citizens in the States of South Carolina,
Tennessee and Alabama, as well as in Geor
gia. Its affairs will be, as they have been so
far, as we are informed, conducted on the most
liberal principles. It will soon be able to pub
lish an annual volume of its transactions equal
to any similar institution in this country or
Europe. Each member of the Society wJI be
entitled to a volume of its transactions. South
ern sentiment is ripe for this noble achieve
ment. Our planters, farmers, mechanics, ar
tists, manufacturers and business men general
ly are ready to sustain by small contributions,
any straightforward, unselfish scheme which is
calculated to develope the immense resources
ofthe South. Our citizens see their ability to
place her in advance of all other countries; and
the ability will work out this high consumma
tion. We repeal. Public Opinion is ripe on
the grave question of improving the Industrial
pursuits of this portion ofthe Union.
We shall recur to the Fair again, and notice
a few Augusta mechanics and artists, the pro
ducts of whose skill met our eye at the Stone
Mountain.
Dairy Products.—Nothing at the Farmer's
Festival interested us so much as the samples
ofcheese exhibited by Mr. Williams of Ha
bersham, and by the dairy man of Mr. Force
of Chattooga. Cheese from these dairies sold
readily at 12. J cents a pound ; and the proprie
tors lind the business quite lucrative. Several
others are making arrangements to embark ex
tensively in this branch ofhusbandry. Instead
of importing many thousands of pounds of
northern cheese a year. Georgia will soon have
a surplus for export.
The estimated value of property in Virginia
is about $310,000,000.
New Mnatc.
Wk are indebted to Mr. Charles Catlin
forseveral pieces of elegant new music, embra
cing the following: “ Romaneses Polka;"
“MosquitoPolkat” "Moonbeam Waltz:" “The
Moonlight of the Heart,” a song, the music by
Strakosch; and the “Lonely Rose,” com
posed for and sung by Jessy Lisp.
Light Houses.—The Union states that there
are in the United States two hundred and sixty
seven light houses: and thirty.two floating
lights along the Adantic coast.
Hos. Thomas Ewise.—Superior talent and
untiring industry in a Wbig are all that is
wanting to mark him for the shafts of calum
niators and slanderers. Failing in their attack
upon Gen. Taylor, the opponents of his Ad
ministration are now turning their batteries
upon the honored and gifted Secretary of the
interior. Old charges, newly glossed over, are
brought forward: the pen of malice is busily
at work; and the most vindictive and unscru
pulous of the Locofoco press are endeavoring
to aim a blow at Gen. Taylor’s Administration
through one of its Secretaries.
We need not say their labor will be in vain.
The American people will not permit faithful
public servants thus to be slandered. If they
do their duty in their proper sphere they will
be rewarded. Mr Ewing will survive in the
hearts of a generous people, and his deeds
will be acknowledged and praised in the re
corded pages of American history when his
revilers are despised and forgotten Mark
that.— Lancaster {Ohio) Gazette.
Society Upset tv California.—There ap
pears to be what the French call a boat ere rse
'nent—a complete overturn—of the usual ar
rangement of society, at the gold region ; for
aspecimenof which see the following extract
from a San Francisco letter in the Boston
Courier:
Since my arrival I have seen a lieutenant of
the navy, and a New York merchant, dragging
a hand-cart at au ounce per load: a few days
since I meta professor in one of vour colleges
driving his ox team, hauling emigrants* ‘traps’
to the ‘diggins.* at s2t) for one hundred pounds.
A Georgia planter cooks my salt pork, and
does the flap jacks brown ; a printer from the
Picayune office keeps my books, and two
young gentlemen from jobbing-houses in Pearl
street take care of the mules, haul lumber and
act as porters in the store : each at from $lO
to 16 per day. with board, in California all
labor, and one is daily furnished with iunume
rable sources of amusement by meeting old
fneuds m such comical employments. Imagine
our fnend . the artist, with buckskin trou-
sers, red flannel ahirt andfCahfomia hat ped
ding newspapers; “Sun. Herald and Tribune,
sir! latest date* from New York, oniftwo dol
fars sack ”
Hon. Roar. P. Letcher (late Governor of
the State of Kentucky.) the National Intelli
gencer says, it is rumored, has been offered,
and will accept, a foreign mission. He is ex
pected in Washington this week.
the Nashville Banner.
Effect of Manufactures in Producimg
Wealtli.
Illustrated in. the Peel Family of England—-
The following anecdote, taken from the History of
Inventions, of the rise of the family of Sir Robert
Peel, forcibly illustrates the effect of ingeuirty and in
dustry, when employed in manufactures. Robert
Peel,‘the grandfather of the present distinguished
British Statesman, was an humble farmer of Lanca
shire. He is represented as a man of observant and
inquiring mind —shrewd, intelligent and energetic.
He had noted the growing spirit of* enterprise in man
ufactures, which were rapidly advancing in conse
quence of the improvements in machinery, and he de
termined to abandon farming and adapt himself to
another business which promised to be more profita
ble. Having remarked the tedious process by which
cotton wool was brought into a state for spinning by
the common hand card, he invented the cylinder for
doing the work better and more expeditiously. He
then became a calico printer. “He set to work and
with his own bands he cut away on blocks of wood
with such tools as he could command, till he had
formed the figure of a parsley leaf. At the back of
each of these blocks he put a handle, and a pin of
strong wire at each of the four corners. He then got. a
tub, into which he put a colored mixture with a lit
tle alum in it. He then covered the tub with a wool
en cloth which sunk till it touched the coloring mat
terand became saturated with it. The white cloth
was then stretched tightly across the table top—the
woolen cloth was then touched with the face of the
parsley leaf block, and as soon as the figure was
fairly covered witfi the color, he placed it squarely
on the cloth and struck it sharply with a mallet so
that the figure of the engraving was left upon the
white calico. This process was repeated until the
whole was complete. As soon as it was dry his wife
and daughters set to work and ironed it with common
smoothing irons.” This was the original of calico
printing. Mr. Peel, not satisfied with this process
subsequently invented another machine by which the
labor was lightened and the work greatly facilitated.
His new machine consisted “ofan oblong frame made
with a smooth bottom and upright posts, and a rail on
each side. Running from each side there was a rol
ler wit 11-fl handle to turn it, and round the rol
ghet there a rope wound spirally. Each end of
’ the rope wA fastened to an ouinng deep box, aa wide
| and as long the frame. It was filjgcL with
| hjfdi-r- had 'now a
>e than the strength and warm
of his wife and daughters. He wound his
of calico round smooth wooden rollers which
were placed under the box, and that being drawn
backwards and forwards by means of the rope round
the upper roller, the winch soon gave the requisite
smoothness to the work.
With this rude machine Mr. Peel laid the founda
tion of his success in life. The calicoes thus manu
factured met with a ready sale. His machine was
afterwards superseded by others of superior machi
nery ; but he went on step by step until he became
the head of one of the largest manufacturing houses
in the country. His eldest son became connec-ed
with him in business; the tide of wealth flowed fast.
His son became a baronet, and ranked among the
wealthiest commoners of the kingdom, and his grand
son, the prime minister of “an empire whose power
was never equalled.”
This anecdote shows that humble origin is no bar
to wealth or exalted station when industry and inte
grity are combined with intelligence and perseve
rance.
A Valuable Discovery— lmportant to Bald
Heads.— We have often heard ofrestoratives"
for the human hair, but we have never yet
known of any thing which actually restored
hair to those who were bald, until a discovery
brought into requisition, in this city, by Mr. M.
Wise, of Rockingham county, Va.
Mr. Wise, who is a farmer by trade, has
been experimenting for several years, by at
tempting to produce a growth of hair where
baldness existed, having taken up the idea that
such a thing might be possible, from a close
observance of the appearance of the pores of
skins from which the hair had been extracted
prior to Lanning. He discovered that, after one
crop of hair had been extracted, there were a
second set of roots below those which were
drawn out of the upper pores of the skin, and
this peculiar formation of the skin of an ani
mal, he thought not unlikely to exist in the hu
man head. Hence it occurred to him, that if
the skin on the head of a person could be soft
ened, and the lower pores so reached with the
right kind of invigorating application, a new
growth of hair would be produced. In this, it
seems, Mr. Wise was correct, and since his
short sojourn in Richmond, many of our citi
zens had occular demonstrations of the truth
of his supposition.
He has now been in the city about six weeks,
or two months, during which time he has ex
perimented upon the bald heads of at least a
dozen persons, some of whom had been bald
for years. Strange to say, he has been suc
cessful in producing a new growth of hair up
on nearly, if not quite all of them. When he
first came to Richmond, and told what he could
accomplish, Mr. Wise was iaughed at, and it
was with difficulty he could get a head to ex
periment on. Those, however, who were at
first the greatest skeptics are now the fiimest
believers in the virtue of his discovery.
We have ourself seen new and luxuriant
growths of hair upon the heads of several of
our citizens, whom we knew to be almost en
tirely bald a short time since. In most cases,
the hair has made its appearance in eight or
nine days after Mr. Wise’s first application—
about four days
elapsed beforß the new hair began to grow.—
Richmond Adv.
A Tragedy.— A correspondent has furnished
us with the particulars of a melancholy trage
dy, which occurred in Ross township, in this
county, on the 13th June. The affair was ad
verted to in the News, and talked of in private
circles, but for the want of more authentic in
formation, and for fear of doing injustice to
some one, we have forborne a public expose
of the strange and unnatural fact, until, the
present. The name of the lady is Mrs. Rebec
ca Mitcham, wife of one Harrison Mitcham.
She left home on the sth of June, and after
loitering about the neighborhood for a few
days, took her children, the eldest about six, the
second four, and the third one year, old, to the
banks of the Big yellow Creek, and in the
deepest place in the stream consigned herself
and the three children to a watery grare
When the bodies were discovered, the young
est child was tied fust to its mother, with an
apron and a pocket handkerchief. The second
was tied above the knees, to prevent his res
cuing himself by any chance struggle. The
head of the eldest showed some signs of vio
lence, whether done in being thrown into the
stream, or previously, is not known. The
causes which led this woman to the commission
of so horrible an act are said to be inattention,
i buse, cruelty, and jealousy on the part of the
husband. The provocation must have been
great, the anguish intolerable, to have prompted
a mother with a babe in her arms, followed by
two interesting children, to search lor herself
and them a premature death and an early eter
nity.— Steubenville (Ohio) Herald.
An Adventure.—We received, some day®
ago. a brief announcement that a town on the
West coast of South America had been attack
ed by a party of Americans, and supplies of
water and provisions forcibly taken. A Cin
cinnati paper furnishes full particulars of the
affair, communicated by Mr. Loring. At Aca
pulco, on his return from California, he met
Col. Sobrieski, of New York, who went out in
command of a party of forty-five emigrants to
the gold region Ou arriving at Panama, ow
ing to the difiicuhy of procuring transportation,
the party were obliged to charter a schooner
of about thirty tons, in which they proposed to
sail for San Francisco. They did so; but after
having accomplished about five hundred miles
ofthe trip, the store of provisions and water
ran out, and they stood into port at a small
Mexican town on the coast, the name of which
Mr. Loring does not remember.
On attempting to laud, opposition was made
by the Alcalde, who gave as his reason for so
doing the apprehension that they would intro
dace the cholera into the place. Spite of the
assurances given that there was no cholera on
board, and that the only object in view was to
obtain food and water, the refusal to permit the
landing was insisted on, and at last Col. So
brieski, turning to his men. said—“ We have
to choose between two alternatives—to land,
take the town and supply ourselves, or to put
to sea and perish.” The men unanimously de
cided in favor ofthe former, and disembarked
in their boats. The Alcalde had with him about
fifty soldiers and a considerable number of the
residents of the place, but the whole body fled
before the boats touched the beach.
On reaching the shore, the American flag
was hoisted, and provisions bought and paid
for. Water was obtained from the public well,
and then the whole party retired in good order
to the vessel. While on shore they were in
formed that an express had been sent into the
interior for a body of five hundred cavalry sta
tinned some miles distant, but the force did not
arrive in time to molest them.
The affair appears to have been the result of
sheer necessity on the part of Col. Sobrieski
and his
Hon. D. M. Barringer, our newly appointed
Minister to Spain, is in New York. The
Washington Republic says that the Hon. Ab
bott Lawrence, our Minister at the Court of
St. James, arrived in that city on Thursday.
Also, that the Hon. W. C. Rives, our Minister
to France, passed through Washington the
same day. with his family, en route to the seat
of his mission.
The Bath Tribune says that a child of Dr.
Shaw, two years of age. died on Saturday last,
after a sickness of six hours, from eating cobalt,
which was prepared for flies. One incident
connected with her death, says the Tribune,
was affectingly beautiful. When her eyes be
gan to grow dim with death, she evidently fan
cied it was night, aud she was going asleep ;
and she died with her customary “ good night,
mamma, good night, mamma, ’ many times re
peated, trembling on her lips.
Virginia Legislature.—The Genera! As
sembly which have been in session at the War
renton Springs for two mouths, closed their
labors on Friday List, after having completed
the revision of the code of the State. They
have made some important amendments in the
laws, and directed 10.000 copies to he publish
ed for distribution.
Ourfirsi California Ship. —We are pleased
to learn, from a paragraph iu the N York Her
ald. that the ship Othello. Capt. Galloway,
which sailed bence for Sau Francisco. (Cali
fornia) on the 30th January last, was at Rio
Janeiro on the 4th July. Sbe is reported as
last from the Straits of Magellan, and was re
pairing.—Ch. Cour.
Quits a Difference.—Gen. Taylor stated
when at Chambersburg. Pa., lately, that fifty
years ago be passed through there, when a
voung officer in the army, and on his way from
Baltimore to Pittsburg, the whole of which
distance he travelled on foot. Now he goes as
the honored President of a mighty nation.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDA Y MORNING, AUGUST 29. 1849.
Augusta, ©co.:
FRIDAY MORNING. AUG. 34, 1849.
“How this World is given to Lying.”
“The members of the administration at Washing
ton, collectively and personally, are exploring the low
est depths of degradation, and reaping a full harvest
of public contempt as fast as any set of men ever did,
who had rope wherewith to bang themselves. The
latest caper is that of Mr. Jacob Collamer, the Post-
Master General. This redmouthed abolitionist has
been guilty ofthe baseness and falsehood of declaring
in a letter to a gentleman in Alabama —the letter writ
ten to be used to influence the late election in Mr.
Inge’s district —that he is not an abolitionist.
“Hesays distinctly in these words, am not
now, nor have I ever been an and he
sends this written averment into Alabama just before
an election, to deceive and cheat the people.”—Co
lumbus Times.
According to the ethics of the Times, no
gentleman is hereafter to be permitted to de
fine his political views and position for himself;
but he must leave that task to his opponents.
This is a very convenient creed for dema
gogues whose chief consequence consists in
their ability to fabricate and wield calumny to
the prejudice of rival, or antagonist politicians.
Mr. Collamer says: “lam not now, nor have
I ever been an abolitionist.”
Who can know better than Mr. C. his po
litical associations, and his real sentiments in
reference to abolitionism ? A distinguished
citizen, of high character for troth and veracity,
is foully charged with being ** guilty of baseness
and falsehood for simply repelling an infa
mous aspersion of his good name as a public
functionary. Modern Jacobinism which calls
itself “ democracy” canput the right of.
self-defence in a Jio Americaircitizen,
wYßTliaii w’decTTor Gen. Taylor, for Mr.
Clay and every Whig Presidential candidate
for twenty years, in opposition to Smith, Bir
ney, Van Buren and all other abolitionists, can
truthfully say that he does not belong to the lat
ter party ! Both President Taylor and Hen
ry Clay are well known slaveholders and the
objects of especial hatred to all anti-slavery or
ganizations in the free States. The Northern
Whigs by casting the electoral votes of New
York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Connecticut and Rhode Island for one of the
largest slaveholders in Louisiana for President,
have proved themselves to be far less tinctured
with sectional prejudices than the Northern
Democrats, who run no less than three North
ern partizans for the office of Chief Magistrate,
namely: Cass, Van Buren and Gerrit Smith.
So intense is the anti-slavery feeling of the
rank and file of the Northern Democracy, that
even the glory of a party triumph, and their in
nate love of power and spoils could not induce
them to trust that radical Northern partizan
Lewis Cass, on this question ; but they needs
must divide and cast their votes for free soil
and abolition candidates.
On the subject of abolitionism in the Demo
cratic party, the Washington Union makes the
following confession :
“The democratic partv, like the IVhig party,
comprises persons of all shades of opinion upon the
subjects which do not affect its political doctrines and
principles. Undoubtedly, there are democrats in the
free Statas—nay, the great mass of them, who are
opposed in principle to slavery, and would be glad
to have it cease to exist EVERY WHERE,
while they would resort to no unconstitutional or
improper means to effect an object which, they deem
so desirable; while in lhe slaveholding Statesthere
are democrats holding opposite opinions on that sub
ject. These opinions originate from local and pecu
liar causes and infuenees, and have no relation
whatever to the freat fundamental principles,
which are acknowledged as the platform and chart of
the great national democratic party."
The above remarks will apply with far more
propriety to “the great national Whig party,”
’han to the hopelessly divided supporters of the
peculiar notions of Messrs. Cass, Van Buren,
Benton and Calhoun—no two of whom agree,
yet each leader and his followers are dyed in
the-wooldemocrats.
There is something contemptible and mean,
as well as false and calumnious, in calling all
the sincere friends and supporters of a South
ern President north of Mason &. Dixon’s line,
“abolitionists,” for the purpose of injuringthe
Administration in the slaveholding States. It
is fighting with poisoned weapons, and a tacit
confession of a bad cause, and of conscious
The Whig Cause in Alabama.—The read
er will find an interesting letter in this mor
ning’s paper from Alabama, giving some ac
count of the Whig gains in that Slate at the
recent election. We ask attention to the fact
that “ all the strong slaveholding counties gave
Mr. Hilliard immense majorities.” How is
this, if he, as his enemies assert, is “unsound
on the question of Southern rights ?” If the
trutli were known, it would appear that the
Whigs of Alabama and Georgia own more than
two-thirds of the slaves in these two States.
What arrant humbug, then, for the Democrats
to pretend that they are not to be trusted on the
subject of slavery ?
The Election in Alabama.
Messrs. Editors : The returns of our elec
tion are now all in, and it appears that the
Whigs have a majority of one in the Senate
and the Locos ten in the House—a majority
less than half that of the smallest they have ever
before had. We have gained members in every
part of the Slate. Our Congressional delega
tion will stand as before.
The re-election of Mr. Hilliard is the great
est triumph of the year. He is one South Ca
rolinian who don’t sneeze when Mr. Calhoun
takes snuff*; and consequently the whole chival
ry phalanx was arrayed against him. His re
fusal to support and sign the great “ Southern
Address,” was the crime for which he was to
be beaten. Early in the spring his enemies
commenced their eager opposition; the Dem
ocratic papers were filled with nothing but long
and short articles; their emissaries spread them
selves over every part of the district, to arouse
an early, determined and prejudiced opposition
to him, which they succeeded in doing ; and
yet, although his former majority was only 125,
no Democrat could be found with sufficient
courage to meet this terrible “ traitor to the
South” in the canvass. When, however, they
had, by false thunder, appeared to get up a
destructive storm against him, a Whig was
found suited to their purposes, Mr. J. L. Pugh,
the Taylor candidate for elector, took the field
aa the “ Address Candidate,” and so active and
able a canvass has never been witnessed in Al
abama. Mr. Hilliard wa« branded as “a Free
Soiler, ” and by many of the flat-heads, be
lieved to be such. Travelling orators were
found ranting and roaring against him in every
quarter, and inflammatory hand bills were in
everybody’s hands, and yet Mr. Hilliard’s ma
jority rose from 125 to 835’! All the strong
slaveholding counties m the district gave him
immense majorities, while the lower tier of
counties, down in the pine-fiaU, voted against
him.
The candidates, remember, were both whigs,
and they did not pretend to differ on anything
but “ the Address,” &c.
The 6th district had a similar contest, only
that there the candidates were both undoubted
Democrats. The district has a Loco majority
ot about 4,000, and of course, no Whig would
raise his head there. But Mr. Cobb, their late
member, had refused to sign “ the Address, ”
and must be beaten. So an able and influen
tial Democrat’ who had been to the Mexican
tear, was run against him on tlie “sole issue, ”
and Mr. Cobb came out with a very large ma
jority (between 800 and 1,000.)
Thus the question has been fairly tested in
both ends of the State, and “ the Address ” is
“ a dead cock in the pit. ” The party trick is
too visible on its front; it is a humbug of the
most transparent kind. It w*as conceived as a
party measure to embarrass Gen- Tajlor’s ad
ministration. ai.d gain Democratic votes in the
South, and might have done something in that
way, had the great astrologer let it alone. But
he must rule or ruin. He had worked himself
out of all parties, and was well nigh losing all
iiis former devout followers; and it was neces
sary that be should strike some new and im
portant blow that would “enure” a little.—
By gelling that “ sub committee of five. ” of
which he, as mover, would be chairman of
course, he thought to put himself at the head
of the movement and consequently at the head
of a great Southern party, which was to break
down all other parties, and of course, party
leaders; at the same time, taking very good
care not to commit himself to any •* measure of
redress, ” or anything else that would embar
rass his future progress.
But the thing will fail. The Whigs are not
particularly in want of a leader at this time,
and the Democrats remember too well which
of their leaders have been most balky, and led
them into most of their bogs aod quicksands
and wildernesses, and then cooly unharnessed
himself, walked out and laughed at their calam
ities.
But I bad only intended to give you an ac
count of our elections, and the prosperity of
the Whig cause in Alabama, and will cease
writing about “ no-party issues ” The Whigs
here think ’hey understand “Southern inter
ests, ” and know how best to maintain them;
at any rate they have a majority in just about
every strong slavebolding county in the State,
and ought to take care of their own interests.
Georgian.
HUNGARY.
declaration of independence
BY THE HUNGARIAN NATION.
A London correspondent ofthe New York
Courier Enquirer furnishes that paper with
the following translation ofthe recent Declara
of the Diet of Hungary, proclaiming the Inde
pendence of that country. It was sent to the
Couriers correspondent by Kossuth, the Pres
ident of Hungary, with a request that it should
be published in the United States. “It was
drawn up by a Committee of the Diet, and al
though lacking that terse and vivid eloquence
which distinguishes every thing from the pen
of Kossuth, this declaration has the merit of
giving a clear and complete exposition of the
relations between Hungary and Austria, couch
ed in language, strong from its moderation.
The fullness and precision of its details are im
portant also, for by them, the whole case of
Hungarian suffering and Austrian perfidy, are
exposed before the great tribunal of public opin
ion.”
We hope its length will not deter its perusal
by our readers. We have Been nothing hereto
fore that gave so full and explicit a statement
of the causes of the present war in Hungary
as this document furnishes.
Hungarian Manifesto.
Translated for the N. York Courier Enquirer.
We, the legally constituted representatives
of the Hungarian Nation in Diet assembled,
do by these presents solemnly proclaim the
maintenance of the iiiaiienable natural rights
of Hungary, with ai •dependencies, to oc
cupy position est '•r-rrei*pendent Europe
"<ff : and that the House of Haps
burg Lorraine, as perjured in th*? sight of God
and man. has forfeited the right of the Hunga
rian throne. At the same time, we feel our
selves bound in duty to make known the mo
tives and reasons which have impelled us to
this decision, that the civilized world may learn
we have taken this step from no overweening
confidence in our own wisdom, nor from rev
olutionary excitement, but that it is an act of
the last necessity, adopted to preserve from ut
ter destruction a nation persecuted to the lim
it of the most enduring patience.
Three hundred years have passed since the
Hungarian Nation, by free election, placed the
House of Austria upon its throne, in accord
ance with stipulations made on both sides, and
ratified by treaty. These three hundred years
have been, for Hungary, a period of uninter
rupted suffering.
The Creator has blessed this country with
all the elements of wealth and happiness. Its
area of 130.000 square mjiles presents in va
ried profusion innumerable sources of pros
perity. Its population, numbering nearly 15,-
000,000, feels the glow of youthful strength
within its veins, and has shown temper and
docility which warrant its proving at once the
main organ of civilization in Eastern Europe,
and the guardian of that civilization when at
tacked.
The House of Austria has publicly used ev
ery effort to deprive the country of its legiti
mate independence and constitution, design
ing to reduce it to a level with the other pro
vinces long since deprived of all freedom, and
to unite all in a common sink of slavery.—
Foiled in this effort by the untiring vigilance of
the nation, it directed its endeavor to lame
the power, and check the progress of Hunga
ry, causing it to minister to the gain of the
provinces of Austria, but only to the extent
which enabled those provinces to bear the load
of taxation with which the prodigality of the
imperial house weighed them down; having
first deprived them of all constitutional means
of remonstrating against a policy which was
not based upon the welfare of the subject, but
solely tended to maintain despotism and crush
liberty in every country of Europe.
It has frequently happened that the Hunga
rian nation, in despite of this systematized ty
ranny,has been obliged to take up arms in self
defence. Although constantly victorious in
these constitutional struggles, yet so moderate
has the nation ever been in its use of the victo
ry, so strongly has it confided in the King’s
plighted word, that it has ever laid down arms
as soon as the King by new compacts and fresh
oaths has guaranteed the duration of its rights
and liberty. But every new compact was fu
tile as those which pr<*ceded it: each oath
which fell from the royal lip was but a renew
al of previous perjuries. The policy of the
House of Austria, which aimed at destroying
the independence of Hungary as a state, has
been pursued unaltered lor three hundred
years.
It was in vain that the Hungarian nation
shed its blood for the deliverance of Austria
whenever it was in danger ; vain were all the
sacrifices which it made to serve the interests
of the reigning house ; in vain <1 id it, on the
wound which the pa ' inflicted
the fidelity cherished by Ahe Hungarians for
their king, and which, in moments of danger,
assumed a character of devotion ; all were in
vain.
in spite of treacherous treatment, the Hun
garian nation has respected the lie by which it
was united to this dynasty ; and in now de
creeing its expulsion from the throne, it acts
under the neutral law of self-preservation, be
ing driven to pronounce this sentence by the
full conviction that the House of Hapsburg*
Lorraine, is compassing the destruction of
Hungaryasan independent state; and that
this dynasty has been the first to tear the bands
by which it was united to th® Hungarian na
tion. For many causes a nation is justified,
before God and man, in expelling a reigning
dynasty. Amongst such are the following:—
1. When it forms alliances with the enemies
of the country, with robbers, or partisan chief
tains, to oppress the nation. 2. When it at
tempts to annihilate the independence of the
country and its constitution, guaranteed by
oaths, attacking with an armed force the peo
ple who have committed no act of revolt. 3
When the integrity of a country which the
sovereign has sworn to maintain is violated,
and its power diminished. 4. When foreign
armies are employed to murder the people and
to oppress their liberties.
Each ofthe grounds here enumerated would
justify the exclusion of a dynasty from the
throne. But the House of Hapsburg Lor
raine—unexampled in the compass of its per
juries, has committed all of these crimes a
gainst the nation; und it® determination to ex
tinguish the independence of Hungary has
been accompanied with a succession of crimi
nal acts, comprising robbery, destruction of
property by fire, murder, maiming and per
sonal ill-treatment of all kinds, besides setting
the fundamental laws of the country at defi
ance, so that humanity will shudder when
reading this blackened page of history.
The main impulse to this recent unjustifiable
course was the passing of the laws adopted in
the Diet of 1847-’4B for the better protection
of the constitution of the country. These
laws provided numerous reforms in the inter
nal government of the country, by which the
abolition of servile services and of the tithe were
decreed; a fair representation guaranteed to the
people tn the Diet, whose constitution was before
that exclusively aristaeratical; equality before
the law proclaimed ; the privilege of exemption
from taxation abolished; freedom cf the press
pronounced; and to stem the torrent of abuses,
public trial by jury established. Notwithstand
ing that, as a consequence of the French
February Revolution, troubles broke out in
every province of the Austrian empire, and
the reigning dynasty was left without support,
the Hungarian nation was too generous at such
a moment to demand new privileges, and
contented itself with enforcing the adminis
tration of its old rights upon a system of min
isterial responsibility, and with maintaining
them and the independence of the country,
against the often renewed and perjured at
tempts of the crown. These right®, and tne
independence sougkito be maintained, were,
however, no new acquisition, but were what
the King, by his oath, and according to law,
was bound to sustain, and which had not, in
the slightest degree been affected by the rela
tion in which Hungary stood to the provinces
ofthe empire.
In point of fact, Hungary and Transylvania
were never incorporated into the Austrian
empire, but formed a separate independent
kingdom, even after the adoption of the Prag
matic Sanction, by which the same law of suc
cession was adopted for Hungary which ob
tained in the countries and provinces oi Aus
tria
The clearest proof of this legal fact is fur
nished by the law’ incorporated into the act of
the Pragmatic Sanction, and which stipulates
and guarantees that the territory of Hungary
and its dependencies, as well as its indepen-?
dence, self dependence, constitution, and priv
ileges, shall remain inviolate.
Another proof is contained in the stipula
tion of the Pragmatic Sanction, according to
which the heir of the crown only becomes le
gally King of Hungary upon the conclusion of
a coronation treaty with the nation, and upon
his swearing to maintain the constitution and
the laws ot the country, whereupon he is to be
crowed with the crown of St. Stephens.
Leopold 11. was obliged, before ascending the
Hungarian Throne,to enter into thecoronation
compact, to take the oa'h.and to let himselfbe
crowned. On this occasion it was distinctly
declared in Art 10, 1790, sanctioned upon
oath by the King, that Hungary was a free and
independent country, and not subordinate to
any other State or people whatever, conse
quently that it was to be governed by its own
customs and laws.
The same oath was taken on his accession
to the throne by Ferdinand V, who at the Diet,
held at Presburg last year, of bis own free will
sanctioned the laws that were passed, but who,
soon after, breaking that oath, entered into
a conspiracy with other members of the fami
ly, with the intent of erasing Hungary from the
list of independent nations.
Still liie Hungarian nation, preserved with
useless piety its loyalty to its perjured sovereign
and during March, last year, while the empire
was on the brink oi destruction, while its ar
mies in Italy suffered defeat, and he in bis im
perial palace had to fear at any moment that
he might be driven from it. Hungary did not
take advantage of this favorable moment to
make increased demands ; it asked only that
its constitution might be guaranteed, and those
abuses rectified—a constitution to maintain
which fourteen kings of the Austrian dynasty
had sworn a solemn oath, which every one of
them had broken.
When the king undertook to guarantee those
ancient rights, and gave his sanction to the es
tablishment of a responsible ministry, the Hun
garian nation flew enthusiastically to his support,
and rallied its might around his tottering throne.
At that eventful crisis, as at so many others, the
house of Austria was saved by the fidelity of
the Hungarians.
Scarcely, however, had this oath fallen from
his lips when he conspired anew with his fam
ily, the accomplices of his crime, to compass the
destruction of the Hungarian nation. This
conspiracy did not take place on the ground
that any new privileges were conceded by the
recent laws which diminished the royal authori
ty. The conspiracy was formed to get rid of
the responsible ministry, which made itimpos
sible for the Vienna cabinet to treat the Hun
garian cabinet any longer as a nullity.
The first step of this course was the issuing
of orders during the existence ofthe ministry,
directing an Austrian General to rise in rebel
lion against the laws of the country, and the
nomination of the same General Ban of Croa
tia, a province belonging to the kingdom of
Hungary. Croatia and Slavonia were chosen
as the seat of military operations in this rebel
lion, because the military organization of those
countries promised to present the greatest num
ber of disposable troops; it was also thought
that since those countries had for centuries
been excluded from the enjoyment of constitu
tional rights, and subjected to a military organ
ization in the name ofthe Emperor, they would
easily be induced to rise at his bidding.
Croatia and Slavonia were further chosen
to begin this rebellion, because in those coun
tries the inhuman policy of Prince Metternich
had, with a view to the weakening of all par
ties, for years cherished hatred against the Hun
garian nation. By exciting in every possible
manner the national jealousies
aud by employing the most disgraceful means,
he had succeeded hi inflamingu party with rage,
although the Hungarians, far from desiring to
oppress the Croatians, allowed the most unre
strained development to their provincial insti
tutions, and shared their political rights with
their Croatian and Slavonian brethren, even
going to the length of sacrificing some of those,
by acknowledging special privileges and im
munities in those dependencies.
The Ban, therefore, in tne name of the Em
peror, rebelled openly against the King of
Hungary, who was then one and the same per
son ; and he went so far as to decree the sepa
ration of Croatia and Slavonia from Hungary,
with which they had been united for eight hun
dred years, as well as to incorporate them with
the Austrian empire. Public opinion and un
doubted facts, threw the blame of these pro
ceedings on the Archduke Louis, uncle to the
Emperor, on his brother, the Archduke Fran
cis Charles, and especially on the consort of
the last named Prince, the Archduchess Sophia;
and since the Banin this act of rebellion openly
alleged that he acted as a faithful subject of
the Emperor, the ministry of Hungary request
ed their sovereign by a public declaration to
wipe off the stigma which these proceedings
threw upon the family. At that moment as
fairs were not prosperous for Austria in Italy ;
the Emperor, therefore, did proclaim that the
Ban and his associates were guilty of high trea
son, and of exciting to rebellion. But while
publishing this edict, the Ban and his accom
plices were covered with favors at Court, and
supplied for their enterprise with money, arms,
and ammunition. The Hungarians, confiding
in the royal proclamation, and not wishing to
provoke a civil conflict, did not hunt out those
proscribed traitors in their lair, and only adopt
ed measures for checking any extension of the
rebellion. But soon afterwards the inhabitants
of South Hungary, of Servian race, were ex
cited to rebellion by precisely the same means.
These were also declared by the King to be
rebels, but were, nevertheless, like the others,
supplied with money, arms, and ammunition.
The King’s commissioned officers and civil
servants enlisted bands of robbers in the prin
cipality of Servia to strengthen the rebels, and
aid them in massacreingthe peaceable Hunga
rian and German inhabitants of the Banat.
The command of these rebellious bodies was
further intrusted to the rebel leaders of the
Croatians.
During this rebellion ofthe Hungarian Ser
vians, scenes of outrage were witnessed at
which the heart shudders; the peaceful inhabi
tants were tortured with a cruelty which makes
the hair stand on end. Whole towns and vil
lages, once flourishing, were laid waste. Hun
garians fleeing before these murderers were
reduced to the condition of vagrants and beg
gars in their own country ; the most lovely
districts were converted into a wilderness.
Thus were the Hungarians driven to self
defence, but the Austrian Cabinet had despatch
ed some time previously the bravest portion of
the national troops to Italy, to oppress the
kingdoms of Lombardy and Venice. The
greater part of the Hungarian regiments were,
according to the old system of Government,
scattered through the other provinces of the
Empire. The troops quartered in Hungary
itself were mostly Austrian, and they afforded
more protection to the rebels than to the laws,
or to toe internal peace of the country.
The withdrawal of these troops, and the re
turn from Italy of the national militia, was de
manded of the Government, but was either
refused or its fulfilment delayed, and when our
brave comrades, on hearing the distress of the
country, returned in masses, they were per
secuted, and some, obliged to yieldjo superior
force, were disarmed and sentenced to death for
having sought to defend their country against
rebels.
The Hungarian Ministry begged the King
earnestly to issue orders to all troops and com
manders of fortresses in Hungary, enjoining
fidelity to the constitution, and obedience to the
Ministers of Hungary. Such a proclamation
was sent to the Palatine, the Viceroy of Hun
gary, and Archduke Stephen, at Buda. The ne
cessary despatches were written and put in the
Post Office But this nephew of the King, the
Archduke Palatine, shamelessly caused these
letters to be smuggled back from the Post Of
fice, although they had been countersigned by
the responsible Ministers, end they were after
wards found amongst his papers when he
treacherously fled from the country.
The rebel Ban menaced the Hungarian coast
with an attack, and the Government, with the
King's consent, sent an armed corps into Sty
ria for the defence of Fiume; but this whole
force received orders to march into Italy. Yet
such abominable treachery was declared by the
Vienna cabinet, a misunderstanding.
The rebel force occupied Fmme, and disu
nited it from the kingdom of Hungary; this
abominable deception was disavowed by the
Vienna cabinet as having been a misunder
standing; the furnishing of arms, ammunition
and money to the rebels of Croatia was also
declared to have been a misunderstanding. At
length instructions were issued to the effect
that the army and the commanders ot fortresses
were not to follow the orders of the Hungarian
Ministers, but were to execute those of the Aus
trian cabinet.
Hungary, unprepared with money, arms and
troops, and not expecting to be called on to
make resistance, was entangled in a net of
treachery, and was obliged to defend itself a
gainst this threatened annihilation with the aid
of volunteers, national guards and an undiscip
lined unarmed levy “en masse,” aided by the
few regular troops which remained in the coun
try. In open battles the Hungarians have,
however, been successful, but they could not
rapidly enough put down the Servian rebels,
and those of the military frontier, who were
led by officers devoted to Austria, and were
enabled to take refuge behind entrenched po
sitions.
It was necessary to provide a new armed force.
The King, still pretending to yield to the undeniably
lawful demands ofthe nation, had summoned a new
Diet for the 2nd July, 1848, and had called upon the
representatives of the nation to provide soldiers and
money for the suppression of the Servian and Croa
tian rebellion, and the re-establishcnent of public
peace. He at the same time issued a solemn procla
mation in his own name, and in that of his family,
condemning and denouncing the Croatian and Ser
vian rebellion. The necessary steps were taken by
the diet. A levy of 200,000 men, and a subsidy of
40,000,000 of fl »rins were voted as the neceesiry
force, and the bills were laid before the King for the
royal sanction. At the same moment the Hungarians
gave an unexampled proof of their loyally, by invi
ting the King, who had fled to Innspruck, to go to
Pesth, and by his presence tranquilize the people,
trusting to the loyalty ofthe Hungarians, who had
shown themselves at all times the best supports of
the throne.
This request was proffered in vain, for Radefzski
bad in the mean time been victorious in Italy. The
house of Lorraine-Hapsburg, restored to confidence
by that victory, thought the time come to throw off
the mask and to involve Hungary, still bleeding from
past wounds, in the horrors of a fresh war of oppres
sion The King from that moment began to address
the man whom be himself had branded as a rebel, as
“dear and loyal.” (Lieber Getreer;) he praised
him for having revolted, and encouraged him to pro
ceed in the path he had entered upon.
He expressed a like sympathy for the Servian re
? Leis, whMe han h yet reeked from the massacres
they had perpetrated. It was under his command
that the Ban of Croatia, after being proclaimed as a
rebel, assembled an army, and announced his com
mission from the King to carry fire and sword into
Hungary. The Austrian troops stationed in the coun
try united with him. The commandants of the for
tresses, Essek and Temeswar, and the commanders
ofthe forces in the Banat and in Transylvania, break
in* their oaths taken to the country, treacherously sur
rendered their trusts; a Slovak clergyman with the
commission of colonel, who had fraternized in Vien
na with the revolted Czechs, broke into Hungary,
and the rebel Croat leader advanced with con'idenee,
through an unprepared country, to occupy its capi
tal, expecting that the array in Hungary would not
oppose him.
Even then the Diet did not give up al! confidence in
the power of the royal oath, and the King was once
more requested to order the rebels to quit the country.
The answer given was a reference to a manifesto of
the Austrian ministry, declaring it to be their deter
mination to deprive the Hungarian nation of the in
dependent management of their financial, commercial,
I’ and war affairs. The King at the same time refused
his to the laws submitted for approval respect
in* the troops and the subsidy for covering the ex
’ penditure.
Upon this the Hungarian ministers resigned, but
| the names submitted by the President of the Council,
at the demand of the King, were not approved of for
I successors. The Diet then, bound by its duty to se
cure the interests of the country, voted the supplies,
i and ordered the troops to be levied. The nation obey
ed the call with readiness.
The representatives of the people then summoned
the nephew of the Emperor to join the camp, and as
Palatine to lead the troops against the rebels. He not
’ o ily obeyed the summons, but made public professions
of his devotion to the cause. As soon, however, as an
' engagement threatened, he fled secretly from the
* camp and the country like a coward traitor. Amongst
i his papers a plan formed by him some time previous
i 4 y was found, according to which Hungary was to be
r mullaneousiy attacked on nin« sides at once —from
Styria, Austria, Moravia, Silesia, Galicia, and Tran
sylvania,
From a correspondence with the minister of war,
seized at the same time, it was discovered that the
commanding generals in the military frontier and the
Austrian provinces adjoining Hungary had received
orders to enter Hungary, and to support the rebels
with their united forces.
This attack from nine points at once really began.
The most painful aggression took place in Transyl
vania, for the traitorous commander in that district
did not content himself with the practices considered
lawful in war by disciplined troops. He stirred up
the Wallachian peasants to take arms against their
own constitutional rights, and, aided by the rebellious
Servian hordes, commenced a course of Vandalism
and extinction, sparing neither women, children, nor
aged men ; murdering and torturing the oe/enccless
Hungarian inhabitants ; burning the most flourishing
villages, and towns, and among them reducing Nagy-
Enyed, the seat of learning for Transylvania, to a
heap ofruins.
But the Hungarian nation, although taken by sur
prise, unarmed and unprepared, did not abandon its
future prospects iu any agony of despair.
Measures were immediately taken to increase the
small standing army by volunteers and the levy of the
people. These troops, supplying the want of expe
rience by the enthusiasm arising from the feeling that
they had right on their side, defeated the Croatian
armamentsand drove them from the country.
One of their leaders appealed, after an unsuccess
ful fight, to the generosity of the Hungarians for a
truce, which he used by night, and surreptitiously to
escape with his beaten troops; the other corps, of
more than 10,000 men, was surrounded and taken
prisoners, from the General to the last private.
The defeated army fled in the direction of Vienna,
where the Emperor continued his demoralizing policy,
and nominated the beaten and flying rebel as his
plenipotentiary and substitute in Hungary, suspend
ing, by this act, the constitution and institutions of
the country, all its authorities, courts of justice and
tribunals, laying the kingdom under martial law,
and placing in the hand of, and under the unlimited
authority of, a rebel, the honor, the property, and the
lives of the people—in the hand of a man who, witß
armed bands, had braved the laws, and attacked the
cdhsiitution of the country.
But the Hnttse of Austria was not corrieated with
this unj jstifiable violation of oaths taken by its head.
The rebellious Ban was taken under the protection
ofthe troops stationed near Vienna and commanded
by Prince Windischgratz. These troops, after taking
Vienna by storm, were led as an Imperial Austrian
army to conquer Hungary. But the Hungarian na
tion, persisting in its loyalty, sent an envoy to the
advancing enemy. This envoy, coming under a flag
of truce, was treated as a prisoner, and thrown into
prison. No heed was paid to the remonstrances and
the demands of the Hungarian nation for justice.
The threat of the gallows was, on the contrary, thun
dered against all who had taken arms in defence of
a wretched and oppressed country. But befere the
army had time to enter Hungary, a family revolution
in the tyrannical reigning House was perpetrated at
Olmutz. Ferdinand V. was forced to resign a throne
which had been polluted with so much blood and per
jury, and the son of Francis Charles, (who also abdi
cated his claim to the inheritance,) the youthful Arch
duke Francis Joseph, caused himself to be proclaim
ed Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. But
according to the family compact, no one can dispose
of the constitutional throne but the Hungarian nation.
At this critical moment the Hungarian nation de
manded nothing more than the maintenance of its
laws and institutions and peace guaranteed by their
integrity. Had the assent of the nation to this change
in the occupant of the throne been asked in a legal
manner, and the young Prince offered to take the
customary oath that he would preserve the constitu
tion, the Hungarian nation would not have refused to
elect him kingin accordance with the treaties extant,
and before he had dipped his hand in the blood ofthe
people, toplace on his head St. Stephen’s crown.
He, however, refusing to take an oath, so sacred
in the eyes of God and man, and in strange contrast
to the innocence natural to youthful breasts, declared
in his first words his intention to conquer Hungary
(which he dared to call a rebellious country, although
he himself had raised rebellion there) and deprive it
of that independence which it had maintained fora
thousand years—to incorporate it into the Austrian
monarchy.
And he has but too well labored to keep his word.
He ordered the army under Windisehgratz to enter
Hungary, and, at the same time directed several corps
of troops to attack the country from Galicia and Sty
ria. Hungary resisted the projected invasion, but
being unable to make head against so many attacks
at once, on account of the devastation carried on in
several parts of the interior by the excited rebels,
and being thus prevented from displaying its whole
power of defence, the troops were in the first instance
obliged to retire.
To save the capital from the horrors of a storm like
that to which Prague and Vienna had mercilessly
been exposed, and not to place the fortunes of a na
tion on the die of a pitched battle, for which prepara
tion had not been made, the capital was abandoned,
and (he Diet and Government removed in January
last to Debreczin, trusting to the help of a just God,
and to the energies of the nation, to prevent the cause
from being lost, even when it should be seen that the
capital was given up. Thanks be to Heaven, the
cause was not lost!
But even then an attempt was made to bring about
a peaceful arrangement, and a deputation was sent to
the generals of the perjured dynasty. This house,
in its blind self-confidence, refused to enter into any
negotiation, and dared to demand an unconditional
submission from the nation. The deputation was
further detained, and one of the number, the former
president of the ministry, was even thrown into pri
son. The deserted capital was occupied, and was
turned into a place of execution ; a part of the pri
soners of war were there consigned to the axe, an
other part were thrown into dungeons, while the re
mainder were exposed to the fearful sufferings from
hunger, and afterwards forced to enter the ranks of
the army in Italy.
The measure of the crimes of the Austrian house
was, however, filled, when—after its defeat—it ap
plied for help to the Emperor of Russia ; and, in spite
of the remonstrances and protestations of the Porte,
and of the consuls of the European powers at Bucha
rest, in defiance of international rights, and to the
endangering of the balance of power in Europe,
caused the Russian troops stationed in Wallachia to
be led into Transylvania, for the destruction of the
Hungarian nation.
Three months ago we were driven back upon the
Thesis; our just arms have already recovered all
Transylvania; Uiausenburg, Hermanstadt, and Cron
stadt are taken ; one portion of the troops of Austria
is driven into the Bukowina, another, together with
the Russian force sent to aid them, is totally defeated,
and to the last man obliged to evacuate Transylvania,
and to flee into Wallacia. Upper Hungary is clear
ed of foes.
The Servian rebellion is further suppressed ; the
forts of St. Thomas and the Roman entrenchment
have been taken by storm, and the whole country be
tween the Danube and the Theiss, including the coun
ty of Baes has been recovered from the nation.
The commander-in-chief of the perjured House of
Austria has himself been defeated in five consecutive
battles, and has with his whole army been driven
back upon and even over the Danube.
Basing our conduct upon ail these occurrences, and
confiding in the justice of an eternal God, we, in the
lace of the civilized world—in relying upon the na
tural rights of the Hungarian nation, and upon the
power it has developed to maintain them —further im
pelled by that sense of duty which urges every na
tion to defend its existence—do hereby declare and
proclaim in the name of the nation, legally represent
ed by us, the following:—
Ist. Hungary, with Transylvania, as legally uni
ted with it, and the possession and dependencies, are
hereby declared to constitute a free and independent
sovereign state. The territorial un ; ty of this state is
declared to be inviolable, and its territory to be in
divisible.
2d. The House of Hapsburg-Lorraine—having, by
treachery, perjury, and levy of war against the Hun
garian nation, as well as by its outrageous violation of
ail compacts, in breaking up the integral territory of
the state, in the separation of Transylvania, Croatia,
Slavonia, Fiume, and its districts, from Hungary
further, by compassing the destruction of the inde
pendence of the country by arms, and bv calling in
the disciplined army ot a foreign power, for the pur
pose of annihilating its nationality, by violation, both
of the Pragmatic Sanction and of treaties concluded
between Austria and Hungary, on which the alli
ance between the two countries depended—is, as
treacherous and perjured, for ever excluded fro.n the
throne of the united states of Hungary and Tran
sylvania, and all their possessions and dependencies.
This house is, therefore, declared to be deposed, de
graded, and banished for ever from the Hungarian
territory.
31. The Hungarian nation, in the exercise of its
rights and sovereign will, being determined to as
sume the position of a free and independent state
amongst the nations of Europe, declares it to be its
intention to establish and maintain friendly and
neighborly relations with those states with which it
was formerly united under the same sovereign, as well
as to contract alliances with all other nations.
4tb. The form of government to be adop ed for the
future, will be fixed by the Diet of the nation.
But until this point shall be decided, in such a man
ner as to secure the firmest guarantees for the liberty
of the people, the government of the United Coun
tries is confided (under the obligation to render an
account of all his acts,) to Louis Kossuth, who, by
the unanimous approbation of the Diet, has been
proclaimed responsible President of the Hungarian
States.
And these resolutions we proclaim to all the nations
of the civilized world, with the full conviction that
the Hungarian nation will be received by them in the
family of free and independent nations, with tbe same
friendship and ready acknowledgment of its rights
which tbe Hungarians proffer to others.
We also hereby proclaim and make known to all
the inhabitants of the united states. Hungary and
Transylvania, their possessions and dependencies,
that all authorities, communes, towns, and civil offi
cers, are completely released from all the obligations
under which they stood, by oath or otherwise, to the
said House of Hapsburg, and that any individual
daring to contravene this decree, and by word or deed
in any way aidi- gor abetting its violation, shall be
treated and punished a? guilty of high treason. And
by the publication of this decree, we hereby bind and
obliae al! the inhabitants of these countries to obe
dience to the Government now instituted formally,
and endowed with all necessary legal powers.
Debreczin, April, 1849.
Melancholy Accident.—The Charleston
Mercury says: “We learn from a passenger on
the cars, who arrived in this city yesterday, that
a distressing accident happened on Saturday
morning la>»t. about twelve miles above Union
Point, near the Road to Athens. An itinerant
showman was exhibiting some of his sea’s in a
grove near the road, and among the spectators
was a young lady, who had been driven in a
carriage to the scene of amusement, by a gen
tleman who had left her side for a few minutes
while he attended to the transaction of some
business which required his attention. The
cars from Athens to Augusta passing down
just at the moment, frightened the horses, and
they ran with full speed into the adjoining
woods, dashing the carriage against a tree, and
causing the instantaneous death of the unfortu
nate lady.
“ We were not able to learn the name, but
we sympathise deeply with her friends in their
sudden bereavement.”
It is again our painful duty to announce the
death of a highly estimable and valuable mem
ber of our community. John L. Pezant, E-q.
departed this life at Glenn Springs, on the eve
ning of the 21st inst. aged 69 years, for more
than 50 of which he was an active, enterprising,
and useful citizen ofCharleston. His sterling
virtues, his kindliness of heart, and his unaffec
ted simplicity of department, secured him the
respect and esteem of numerous warm and at
tached friends, who will long cherish his mem
ory.—Ch. Mtr.
Catholic Churches. The Milwaukie
Sentinel states that Bishop Henri has purchas
ed eight lots in that city for the site of a Catho
lic college.
VuL.LXIH—NEW SERIES VOL.XIII-NO, 35.
SATURDAY MORNING, AUG. 25,1849.
Increased Conanmptlon ot Cotton Goode.
Thu London correspondent of the National
Intelligencer gives from official returns an in
teresting statement of the quantities of printed,
dyed and plain calicoes exported during the
first six months in the years 1845-’4B, and ’49,
respectively. The figures are quite instruc
tive to one who has a taste for studying the
consumption of calicoes and plain cotton goods
by different nations. A moment’s reflection
will satisfy any one that the ability of a nation
or a tribe of semi-savages to consume goods of
any kind, is limited by its means of paying for
such goods, or by the productiveness of its in
dustry. Thus, the table before us shows that
the inhabitants on the coast of Africa purchased
of British calicoes, 1.289,968 yards during the
first six months in 1845 ; 3,593,949 yards dur
ing a similar period in 1848; and 5,852,447
yards in the first six months of the present year.
These figures show a consumption increased
four fold in as many years by the people of
Africa. Their productive industry, civilization
with its wants, are advancing with extraordi
nary rapidity. That immense continent is
thought to contain some sixty millions of souls.
Away will be opened by a good Providence to
humanize these rude savages, and render their
elevating labor serviceable alike to themselves
and the commercial world.
Turkey and the Levant purchased about fif
teen millions of yards of English calicoes io
J o
of 1849. Here ia an increase of some seventy
percent, in four years.
No other nation in the world is so prosper
ous as the United States. Our industry, skill,
economy and boundless fertile lands give us
the means of paying for and consuming an un
equalled amount of foreign goods, per capita.
During the first six months of 1845 we took
8,802,634 yards of British calicoes. During
a similar period last y ear we took 19,220,121
yards. This year up to the first of July, our
imports of this character amount to 24,724,232
yards. Throwing out of view all the other
uses to which cotton is applied, the annual con
sumption of cotton shirts and calico dresses by
the human family, would show the progress of
civilization, of Christianity, inland and maritime
commerce very correctly over the whole globe.
Looking to England as the centre of manufac
turing and commercial industry we find that in
1845 the total amount of exports of printed and
dyed cottons during the first six months was
153,338,502 yards. In 1849, during the same
period, 196,395,897 yards ; an increase of more
than twenty-five per cent. The increase to
the United States was nearly 16,000,000 yards ;
that to Turkey more than 9,000,000. In the
exports of plain calicoes, the increase has also
been very great. During the first six months
of last year 252,845,726 yards were exported.
During the same period of this 345,760.822
yards, sho wing an increase of 92 918,096 yards,
principally in shipments to Brazil, Buenos
Ayres, Egypt, India, China, Trieste, Turkey,
and the Levant. Os cotton yarn, the quantity
exported from January Ist to July Ist, 1849,
was 58,606,904 lbs., an increase over last year
of 11,832,091 lbs.
Whilst we should rejoice at the prosperity
of ail nations, not less on their account than our
own, it becomes us to study closely our inter
ests in feeding as well as clothing, all that lack
food not less than cotton. We have only to
diversify our productive industry a little more,
to keep the market value of our great staple at
a price which will yield a round profit on its
production. To this point the attention of sen
sible planters will be constantly directed.
They should encourage the spinning of cotton
yarn for export, with a view to induce thous
ands of hands now employed in growing this
crop to be withdrawn and labor to make grain,
meat, potatoes, butter, cheese, and wool for
men and women at work in factories and me
chanic shops. Ten thousand operatives in
Georgia will consume more of its breadstuffs
and provisions than a million in Europe. It
is true that the productive industry of three
hundred millions in China is worth something
to us ; but to enrich us in tho highest degree,
the wealth created by human muscles and intel
lect should be in our own State.
From the Macon Journal Messenger.
A Word to the Whig®.
We commend to the special attention of the
Whigs, in all those counties where divisions
are prevailing in our ranks, the exultation of
the Telegraph in its issue of the 14th inst:
“ We have the most cheering accounts,” says our
neighbor, “ from every part of tbe State, and nothing
can prevent us from achieving a great and glorious
victory on the first Monday in October, provided our
friends will all goto work manfully for tbe Democrat
ic candidates in every county.”
We have no such “ cheering accounts” to
give to our Whig friends; but, on the contra
ry, wo feel humiliated in making the acknow
ledgement, that from present prospects, we
shall be shamefully beaten. Information re
ceived from various sections of the State,
leaves no doubt of the distracted, disorganized
condition of the Whig party. Wo may be
charged with imprudence in making this dis
closure, but candor requires it. As sentinels
of the Whig party, it is our duty to warm
them of the danger to which they are exposed ;
and we now tell them, that unless their divis
ions are healed, inevitable defeat awaits them.
Our remarks are intended to apply to tho elec
tion of members of the Legislature—in regard
to our candidate for Governor, we still have a
hope of electing him; but the divisions in our
ranks for members of the Legislature, will also
materially affect his prospects. It were vain to
attempt to conceal it—concealment of the dan
ger which threatens us, will not remove it.
And what is most humiliating of all, is the
fact that these divisions in our party are entire
ly about men—a mere squabble —but a disgrace
ful and shameful one—about who shall be can
didates. We would not needlessly wound the
feelings of a single Whig in the State ; we
would not knowingly do an act, or say a word
to drive one from our ranks; but we feel con
strained to say, and duty requires us to say it,
that when our party have made a regular nom
ination for the Legislature, we cannot regard
any Whig, who opposes it merely on personal
grounds, as true and reliable. If our candi
dates are good, sound Whigs —of unexception
able moral character, and of ordinary intelli
gence, no Whig can justify himself in oppos
ing their election. Stick to your regular nom
inations, is the only way to preserve the integ
rity of your party —a contrary course will be
attended with disorganization and defeat.
The Telegraph further says—“ The present elec
tion is one in which the raost important interests o!
the people of the State, nay, of the whole Union at
are involved and then follow charges against
Gen. Taylor, of abandonment of the South, and of
falsifying his promises; and the question is asked,
“ Will the people of Georgia bear these indignities?”
Here is a direct appeal to the people of this
State to show their condemnation of Gen.
Taylor in the result of the pending elections.
Whigs of Georgia, are you prepared to do it?
Nay, are you prepared to permit it, by your
apathy and indifference? Are you prepared
to give your sanction to the declaration that
Gen. Taylor has abandoned the South ? Are
you ready to charge him with falsehood, be
cause he has appointed men from your own
ranks to office, in the place of politicians, who
have been his and your bitter reviler® ? For
years past, Whigs have been insultingly ex
cluded from all offices in the gift of the Presi
dent—now, when one occupies the Presiden
tial chair, who is willing to doyour party jus
tice, and give Whigs a part of the offices of
tbe country, are you prepared to suffer the
charge of falsehood to be fixed on him for so
doing? If you are prepared for all this, con
tinue your present divisions,and soon will you
hear, ringing throughout the Union, the shout
of triumph over his condemnation ; soon will
it be said of you, too, that you helped to elect
a president, and then, like a capricious child,
condemned without cause, and without a trial.
But we expect belter things from the Whigs
of Georgia. We feel assured that they will
throw their divisions to the winds, and rally as
one man, to rescue their Chief Magistrate from
the condemnation which his bitter, unrelenting
enemies are seeking to bring upon him. We
know that through him their dearest rights are
assailed; and if they do not sustain him, they
will prove recreant to themselves. When he
is denounced by Free Soilers, Abolitionists
and 1 Northern Democrats, for “lending his
name and influence to be used for th* benefit
of the slave power,” will Southern Whigs de-
serl him, and not put form one effort to eudtain
and strengthen his administration ? and this,
too, merely because they are divided as to the
candidates for the Legislature? Will they'suf
fer Democracy to put down a Southern Presi
dent, when the consequence will be, that Free
Democracy will appoint his successor ? No!
never!! If they do, they will cease to be
Georgia Whigs.
“Bo Southron still to Southron true,
Among ourselves united;
For never, but by Southern hands,
Shall Southern wrongs be righted.”
First Bale of New Cotton.—A bale of
new Cotton, from the plantation of Doct. Ed
ward T. Ltnah, Os Warren county, was re
ceived yesterday morning at the warehouse of
Dawson & Crocker; quality Fully Fair, and
sold at 11| cente.
Something of a Snake.—Mr. Thos. M.
Brown of Camak, writes us that he recently
killed a rattle-snake six feet one inch in length,
thirteen inches in circumference and having
fifteen rattles. His stomach contained a full
grown cat squirrel.
Correspondence Macon Journal $ Messenger
Manufacturers’ Convention.
Stone Mountain, Ga., Aug. 17. 1849.
Gentlemen: The Manufacturers’Convention
assembled at this place yesterday evening, and
organized by calling Dr. C. Rogers, of Upson,
to the Cbiar, and appointing John S. Linton,
of Athens. Secretary.
The following Manufacturing Companies,
were found to be represented, viz:
factories. Represented by Capital.
Newton John Webb, 330,000
ThomastonDr. C. Rogers, 32.000
Roswell,G. H. Cat up, N. A. Pratt, 100,000
Troup Thomas Leslie, 40,000
Augusta,-.W. M. D’Antignac, 200,000
Cartwright* •••*J. Cunningham, G. Moore, 100,000
Bowensvilie • * - • John Bowen, 30 000
Planter’s, H. P. Kirkpatrick, J. Hill, 50 000
Flint River- *.. .George Moore, 50,000
Howard * Harvey Hall, E. T. Taylor, 100,000
HoustonD. W. Parr, 22,000
Eatonton.A. D. Gatewood, 75.000
High Shoals • • • • Isaac Powell, 44,000
Athens,John S. Linton, 92,000
Alcovey.Hugh White, 14,000
Milledgeville • • *R. G. Nickols, 90,0< 0
Lawrenceville • • J. M. Gordon, 41,000
Macon,.R. Collins, J. A. Nisbet and
S. T. Chapman 100,000
Savannah Sash •* Charles Van Horn, 10,000
Total Capita 1,31,220,000
Total Companies, 19—Delegates, 25.
On motion of W. M. D’Antignac, Mr. S.T.
Chapman was requested to state the objects of
the meeting and the circumstances which led to
its call. Mr. C. stated that the original sugges
tion touching the movement had been made by
Mr. Allen McWalker, of Upson county, since
deceased, that iMr. McW. had called the atten
tion of Manufacturers to the importance of
some greater concert of action, and also to the
necessity of establishing some common depot
for the exhibition and sale of their goods.—
These views had been so fully expressed by
Mr. McWalker in an article which had appear
ed in the columns of the Journal & Messenger
of Macon, that it was’ deemed unnecessary to
do more than refer to them.
After some further conference, on motion of
the Rev. N. A. Pratt, it was
Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to
report some general place for a future organisation of
the convention. The committee appointed were M essrs
N. A. Pratt, of Roswell, W. M. D’Antignac, Augusta,
R. J. Nickols, Milledgeville, S. T. Chapman, Ma
con, and John Cunningham, of Cartwright, who
were instructed to report to an adjourned meeting at
4 P. M. this day.
August 17th, 4 P. M.
The Convention met pursuant to adjourn
ment. The committee of five, through Mr.
Chapman, submitted the following report,
which was unanimously adopted ;
The committee to whom was referred the
consideration of the propriety of organizing a
Manufacturers’ Association for the Stale of
Georgia, having given the subject the reflection
which their limited time would permit, beg
leave to report, that by association and inter
change of views and opinions, much good
would result to this great and growing interest
which now employs nearly three millions of
capital, and which is rapidly developing the in
dustry and enterprise of the State. They there
fore present to the Convention, the following
recommendations:
1. That an Association be immediately formed, to
be styled the Manufacturing Association of Georgia.
2. That any company or individual engaged in
manufacturing pursuits of any kind whatsoever, and
paying the sum of five dollars per annum, shall be
entitled to all the privileges and immunities of the As
sociation.
3. That a committee of three be appointed to re
porta more perfect plan of organization, to an adjourn
ed meeting, to be held at Augusta, on the second
Wednesday of October next; and that said commit
tee be requested to open a correspondence with every
Manufacturing Company in the State, urging the im
portance of being represented n said adjourned con
vention.
4. That the said delegates be respectfully request
ed to present to said adjourned convention a complete
iiistory of their respective establishments, embracing
all particulars which may properly be laid before the
public.
5. That the delegates from the Cotton and Wool
len Manufactories, be particularly requested to fur
nish not only the general history of their respective
establishments, but also,
The time when they commenced operations;
The quantity of raw material annually consumed ;
The number of spindles and looms employed ;
The style and quantity of fabrics produced r
The number, sex, color and mental and moral condi
tion of the operatives,
and all other statistical information, the publication of
which would not be inconsistent with their respec
tive interests.
6. That the convention proceed at once to the elec
tion of n President and Secretary and Treasurer, to
serve for the term of one year, or until their succes
sors be chosen under the more perfect organization
contemplated.
Under the third recommendat ion of the committee,
the following gentlemen were chosen as the commit
tee of organization and correspondence, viz: W. M.
D’Antignac, Henry W. Merrill and Dr. C. Rogers.
Barrington King, Esq., of Roswell, was unani
mously chosen President, and James Hope, of Au
gusta, Secretary and Treasurer of the Association.
The convention adjourned.
CURRAN ROGERS, President.
John S. Linton, Secretary.
The following
were found to be
Factories. R
Newton • Joi
From the Savannah Republican.
The Penitentiary.—Several intimations
have been thrown out recently in regard to the
mismanagement of this institution. It is sup
posed by some that instead of defraying its ex
penses. as it did under the administration of
Gov. Crawford, an appropriation will have to
be made by the next Legislature to meet its
indebtedness. Such an impression is produc
ed even by the Report of the Committee ap
pointed to examine into its condition during
the year when the Legislature .« not in session,
which Committee is composed of a majority
of Gov. Towns’friends, viz: John P. King,
Dr. Philips, and Walter L. Mitchell. The Re
port says:
“ The Committee have now reached that point in
their labors, where they fearfully apprehend any at
tempt to shed light, may only serve to make the sur
rounding darkness visible, viz: the true financial
condition of the Penitentiary. ”*
It seems that the “financial condition of the
Penitentiary” is “surrounded with darkness.”
This is is an ominious admission, coming as it
does, from Governor Towns* own friends.—
But this is not all. The Report adds :
“ After spending considerable time in looking into
the financial condition of the institution, we were un
able to arrive at any thing precisely definite and con
clusive.’’
The Committee spent “considerable time in
looking over the financial condition cf the in
stitution.” and still they “were unable to arrive
at any thing precisely definite and conclusive.—-
What is the cause of this? They are all men
of intelligence and business habits, and a ma
jority of them members of the Democratic
party. No objection can be urged against
their capacity, or the truthfulness of their re
port. Why then is the “financial condition”
of the institution shrouded in “darkness,” aud
the Committee “unable to arrive at any thing
definite and conclusive ?” The truth of the
matter will be found to be, we apprehend,
when a Whig Legis’ature has an opportunity
to overhaul its booksand accounts, that the
Penitentiary has been most shamefully mis
managed. Instead of defraying expenses, the
people will have to be taxed for its support.—
An intelligent gentleman, writing upon this
subject from Middle Georgia to the Dalton
Eagle, says:
“ I think I may add, hnwever, that no Adminis
tration was ever 60 assailable in reference to the Peni
tentiary, as the present. The present keeper, though
a good old man, is inefficient and utterly unsuited to
the discharge of his duties—he can’t manage any
thing. The police is wretched, and if a true expose
of the condition of the institution el this time could
be published, 1 doubt not that the Slate would again,
cut of her Treasury, have to pay up for its misman
agement. It would have been to the interest of the
people to have retained Redding, even at nn increas
ed salary, bo as to save the public from the state of
things which I have no doubt exists.”
Speaking of the report of the Committee, the
same writer says:
“ It says but little—but it is very expressive as
to the confused condition of the finances of the
Penitentiary. Confusion is ever the cloak of bad
management, and the proof of the existence of
deficit.”
Whig Nomination —lt gives us pleasure to
announce on the authority of a private letter,
that the difficulties m the Senatorial District of
Laurens and Wilkinson, have been satisfactorily
removed by the nomination of E. J. Blackshear,
Esq. Mr. B. is a strong Whig, and will unite the
party to a man. We shall have a Whig from
this District, which we did not have at the last
sessjon of the Legislature in consequence of
party dissentions.— Savh. Rep.
The semi annual sales of the Book Trade of
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mense collection of valuable works in the sev
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gest catalogue of the kind ever issued.
The German populalion of N««Wk > B6 ’®?. o ’
of which 2.OVU are Roman Cathoics. T
average number of regular visitors ol churches
out of tne whole Protestant population of-UW,
I is only five hundred.