Newspaper Page Text
H ill Major Tharp’s case. or in any other,
the Secretary of War. a review of the
whole evidence, should be of opinion that m
lereot is j’*'* l 7 due ,o „ lhe c,al,nanl 4 think he
mav legally allow it.”
Thesanjeprinciple is laid down by Mr. At
torney General Butler in the O’Sullivan case.
H isobvioas that the difference in the value
of the vessel is not the whole loss sustained ;
the beneficial use of the vessel is also lost to
the party during the whole period of the de
tention ; mo. for this loss, interest on her
prime value is the lowest rate of indeinnifica
cadon.”—Attorney General’s opinions, page
Also by Mr. Attorney General Nelson under
the act for the relief of Charles F. Sibba’d,
Then, upon domestic usage, the Secretary
was bound to aZZow interest if he thought it just.
But there is a higher and well recognised
principle of law which covers this case, and
which enjoins the allowance of interest as the
lowest measure of justice in such cases—the
jus gentium.
The law of Congress requires the Secretary
to adjust and pay the claims under the treaty
of 1773. A treaty is the compact of the high
est national dignity, and its fair and legitimate
construction is controlled by the principles of
the public law.
Wherever trust property is misapplied ;
wherever property is injured or destroyed ;
wherever a wiongful siezure is made—the
rule of the public law is universal, that inter
eat is allowed as the very lowest measure of
satisfaction.
This trust property, worth vastly more than
the amount of the claims upon it, had been di
verted to publft uses ; and upon every princi
ple of law and reason, the award had been just.
It should be borne in mind, also that the debts
arising in the cause of the revolution have, as
a general rule, always been recognised and
paid by the States and general government
with interest.
The captious may find teull with Congress
for passing this law. and with the President for
signing it, but not of injustice in the Secretary,
who so justlv construed and executed it.
The Executive is to “take care that the Itws
be faithfully executed and treaties, by the
constitution, are the supreme law of the land;
and this Constitution was created to '‘establish
justice and Congress, in their wisdom, re
quired that this claim, ifjust under the treaty,
should be paid.
That interest on claims arising under treaties
s allowed and paid under the public law. is
sustained by every writer from Grotiua down
to Whejuon.
-TEesame rule has been uniformly sanction
ed by the Supreme Court of the Untied States,
in acting on cases arising under treaties and
the laws of nations ; and the principle has been
maintained by this Government, in all her trans
actions with other nations for injury to, or de
struction of, the property of her citizens.
William Pinkney, under General Washing
ton's administration, maintained it successfully,
with the British comrnissoners in London, un
der the treaty of 1794. Mr. Attorney General
Wirt maintained it, and this Government sus
tained it. in the construction of the convention
of St. Petersburg. Attorney General's opin
ions, pp. 568,569. The joint board of commis
sioners, under the treaty of 1795, between the
United States and Spain, allowed interest un
der this principle of the public law. Likewise
the joint board of commissioners under the
Mexican treaty of 1839; and interest was allow
ed on every debt due our citizens.
The principle of public law is of the highst
importance to the United States as a cominer
ciai nation ; it has been uniformly maintained
and cannot, with safety to the interests of our
own citizens, be surrendered or impaired.
The law of 1848, which requires the Secreta
ry to pay, an.ler the treaty of 1773. could not
be construed otherwise than it has been, with
out some quirk or cavil, and an over subtle
and malicious interpretation of the law, which
Cicere denounces with such just severity. As
Congress, by its enactment, has assumed the
responsibility of the treaty of 1773, and thereby
involved the public faith, it became the Secre
tary’s duty to construe and to pay accordingly,
and that faith could only be redeemed by pay
ment. ** For this faith,” says Vattel, “is not
less wounded by n refusal to admit au evident
ly right interpretation, than by an open infrac
l-on. W. Cost Johnson.
From the New York Commercial Advertiser.
SIR JOHN FRANKLIN,
REPORT OF HIS SAFETY.
Wo are indebted to Mr. John Randall, fur
merchant in Water street, for the following in
formation forwarded by his agent or corres
pondent at Bt. Paul, Minesota territory.
“ St. Paul, Minnesota, March 12.
“ A dog train arrived here yesterday, from
some distance above Lake Superior, bringing
news that an American vessel had been seen
by some of the Indians, ard had sent a letter
saying that Sir John Franklin was found. The
particulars 1 cannot learn. However, they say
he is safe.”
The writer of the letter is the brother of
Mr. Randall and we have seen the letter con
taining ths intelligence. Both are gentlemen
of high respectability. He writes by every
mail, so that we have through his letter the
most recent news. Our former advices from
St. Paul were to the 6th of March. The dog
train mentioned some ten days ago as having
arrived at St. Paul, was from Selkirk settle
ment, which lies quite in another direction
from Lake Superior.
It will be perceived that the information is
given a<« a report which reached the writer at
the moment of closing his letter, and he had
not time to inquire into its truth. As such, we
jpve it, not feeling at liberty to withhold any
thing commuoicaied in good faithon so inter
esting a subject.
East T*nn£sskz and Virginia Railroad.—
The Knoxville Register rays: The Chief En
gineer of this road comes to East Tennessee
with a view to look out the most practicable
route for a Railroad from this piece to the Vir
ginia fine. Capt Tilgbiuan is an engineer of
high reputation professionally and as a man,
and we bare no doubt that, in the location of
the road, he will act faithfully with a view to
the best interests of the Company. We sin
cerely trust that his survey will result in snch
developments as will entirely satisfy every sec
tion of upper East Tennessee. To us at this
place, itis, of course, a mailer of no moment
w lie re die road is located, bnt we shall regret
very much indeed if any thing is done that
will not secure the approbation of all those
who have the ultimate completion of this work
so much at heart.
Let this road, however, be located cither
north or south of the river, we have not the
slightest doubt but that it will, when finished
and placed in connection with the Virginia
road on the north and the East Tennessee and
Georgia road on the south, pay far better di
vidends than any other road of the same length
and proportionate cost in America. The pe
culiar position of the road makes this inevita
ble ; and so the people up the country we are
pleased to see regard it, as they are taking stock
in the road liberally.
Mobile and Ohio Railroad. —The Directors
are pushing this work forward with a zeal ano
vigor which promises to advance the Road
rapidly towards its completion. The contracts
for the first 33 miles are all let, and the con
tractors are rapidly going ahead with the work.
The line, commencing at the eity, is opened,
the timber cleared off. die , nearly to Eight
Mile Creek, and the grading rapidly being
finished. From present appearances the
grading for the 33 miles will in a few months
e ready for the superstructure and the iron;
but. in order to go ahead without faltering,
the Directors must have money, a fact, we
trust, which will nut be fdrgotten by the stock
holders when called upon for their install
ments. No debts should be held more sacred,
or paid with more promptness, than the in
staHinents called for on such stocks. The
Directors must be sustained promptly by the
stockholders, or they are crippled at once—
they must have the ready in order to make the
Road ready lor travelling.—Ade 5U last.
Alabama and Tennessee Railroad A line
of survey from Selma to Gadsden, has jusi
been completed by the chief engineer, Mr. L
Truest. The country through which the line
passes is represented to be of the most fa v ora
ble character for the work. Ascending from
the south—the direction from which the heavy
trade will come—there will be no grade ex
ceeding forty feet to the mile. Much interest
is felt by the people of the country traversed
by the road in the success of this enterprize,
the available means of the company now
amount to nearly $1,000,000, and die Mobile
Tribune slates, that the President and Direc
tois consider they have as yet made only a
slight impression upon the abilities of those
directly interested in the success of the work.
—Ala. Monitor.
New Orleans Health Report.—Tiie an
nual report of the Board of Health of New Or-
I eana for 1849 is before us. It is an elaborate
review of the sanitary condition of New Or
leans during the last year, containing charts,
showing the relative temperature, moisture,
pressure of atmosphere, force of evaporation,
fall of rain, rise and fall of the river. &c., dur-
iiig each month. The total number of deaths
during the year was 9862, of which 3176 were
from choleia, and 769 from yellow fever. The
greatest number of deaths from cholera was iu
March, via: 813. and the largest number from
yellow fever tn October. 416.
The tables, prepared by Dr. Barton, are
hatefully elaborated, and evince much industry
and scientific research. As accompaniments
of a work of this kind they are invaluable, and
will greatly assist the philosophical inquirer in
comparing and deciding on tlia effects of phy
sical causes on the hygienic condition of crowd
ed cities.—Ticspaurr
It is stated in the N.Y. Journal of Commerce
that the American Arons Expedition gotten up
by Henry Orinuell. as that city, for the rescue
of Sir John Franklin and his men ingoing far
ing forward with energy. Lieut. E. I. DeHa
ven, who belonged to Captain Wilkes' Aatar
uc expedition, has volunteered to take eom
mand of one of the vessels, and panned Mid
shipman 8. P. Gridin is to be second.
Dkxth or a STnasexa —The Macon Jour
nal and Messenger says; We are iufamed
by a letter from a friend in Midville, Burke
County, dated on the 81st ull that a man died
■n that vicinity (in Emanuel county) the day
previous, very suddenly al 'he house of Ame
lia Drake- He is described as apparently fif
ty years old— was travelling with a horse and
wagon, and had ooms money in his possession
A letter was found on him from his wife, writ*
*•“ m Augusta, which alluded to her relatives
•» k *'«m»ty He had been engaged on
the ooetb-Western Railroad, and said he was
*“ w, y t« Cass county. The letter was
addrvaoed to Thompson—(the given name we
•• aoo < makeeut.) Papers io Augurta Alba
■y sad Canwill, will phem nene/
Svaxw.iams, _ v „y fiae , Ir . wb erne.
""f*® 4 f “’ * al ” >h! ’ morning tn market
*?**" Al ' ho '*« h ‘he weather is
niheraoel. udo« mu lB have checked
pw 't'™" '*** fn,l ““ f lS * -** o
From the Greenville Alabamian.
Plank Roads.
Mr. Editor—The citizens of Montgomery
are al length fully arousgd to the importance of
establishing a quick, and easy mode of commu
nication with Greenville, and the adjacent and
intermediate country—and thoroughly imbued
with all the advantages which Plank Roads im
part, have taken hold with a spirit that is truly
commendable ; the subscriptions to the South
Plank Road (which is designed to run to or
near you) being about one i undred thousand
dollars ’ It now remains to be seen what en
couragement your citizens will furnish the pro
posed project, and for one I must think they
will give preference to this scheme over the
loudly vaunted Girard and Mobile Railroad, an
undertaking, (with due deference to its enter
piizingand most worthy projectors) which
your children's children may live to see con i
summated, but which few of the present gen
eration at least, can reasonably hope ever Io
experience the benefits of ? The Railroad re
ferred to. must of neces-i y involve an outlay
ofatkast four millions of dollars! am! when
1 complete, and in operation, its expenditures are
but fairly begun ! I would respectfully inquire.
I Mr. Editor, from what source are you even
likely to procure this four millions 1 and with
it in hand (giving supposition to an impossibil
ity) what length of time would be required to com
plete the road 1 The Georgia Railroad with
all the advantages of capital, experience,
and every possible incentive to effort, never
in anyone year, completed more than twenty
miles of Road. Accord to the present project,
all the ability evinced by the Georgia road, and
twelve long changeable years, must be con
sumed in its completion. But will an impar
tial estimate of the means designed to be em
ployed in the execution of this most formidable
project warrant us in anticipating for it the
same quota of success that attended the unpre
cedented efforts of the Georgia Railroad Com
pany ? The answer is plain, and the conclu
sion irresistible, that instead of twelve years,
twenty is likely to be consumed by the work,
admitting even that it is ever accomplished !
And then, Mr. Editor, 1 ask what advantage
would the road, when finished, present t» you,
to the planter, or to the community at large,
that the simple, cheap, quiet, unobtrusive, and
quickly constructed Plank Road would not in
sure T The South Plank Road I understand,
contemplates a route stretching from Mont
gomery in the most direct line practicable to a
point on the Alabama river at or below Clai
borne, and will when finished, place Montgom
ery within eighteen hours of Mobile ! This
i statement doubtless excites your surprise,
but strange as it may seem, i/ is not the less true!
And being true, it will enable one to go from
Greenville to Mobile in fourteen hours ! Now,
sir, huw much sooner is it anticipated that one
i may reach Mobile by the proposed Railroad ?
And will the difference in time gained, war-
• ram the increased expenditure ? or so long a
postponement of all facilities, as will necessari
ly attend a preference given the Railroad ?
If you can afford an outlay of three or four
■ millions for an advantage of a few hours, time
I with you must be of infinite more consequence
than money ’ And again sir, so far as relates to
i the general relative utility of Railroads, and
Plank roads, and indeed so far as concerns all
■ the considerations which should attend an im
partial view of their comparative merits, I hold
it to be self evident (and every day’s experience
is fast proving it) that the preponderance will
be found to exist on the side of the Plank road
even in sections of country better able than we
to engage in the more expensive rail way. A
Plank Road may be constructed with an out
lay measurably trilling— may be finished in one
tenth the time necesary to complete the same
length of Railroad— is constructed entirely
‘within ourselves.’ and without the neces-ity of
impoverishing the country a single dol'ar by a
transfer of our means to foreign pockets, for
iron and other items indispensable in the bail
ding of railroads, They involve no complexi
ty in management—no outlay for machinery—
-_Z ..V IV, ■ ,
no wear and tear upon same or expenses of
fuel or water tanks—and are totally free from
the almost innumerable other items ofcharge
peculiarly incident to Railroads !
Indeed, once complete, and ready for use,
the outlay ceases, or nearly so, and all, or nearly
so, is income ' until the necessity arises for re
planking—while this item in comparison with
Railroadsis more than counterbalanced by the
consideration, that their wood superstructure
is even more costly, and (in consequence of
the slightest decay making it necessary to re
place its timbers,) is far less durable !
Again, Railroads materially, enhance proper
ty, only in the vicinity of their depots! as is evi
denced by the fact, that one resident directly
on the road, unless provided with a ‘turn out,’
is compelled, if miles from a depot.tto AatiZ to it
—while every foot of a Plank Road is an avail
able depot! and therefore, every acre of land
near it, is enhanced in value to the eztent, that
property is improved immediately in the vicinity
of Railroad depots ! I will venture even far
ther, and assert as my belief that experience
will prove, that Plank Roads will increase (he
value of properly, all along their line, even be
yond that enhancement that Railroads will pro
duce, near their depots! One, among other
reasons, for this is, that a Plank Road is al
ways ready for use. It may be used at one
hour of the day as well as at another, or at any
hour of the night as well as at any time of the
day ; while with Radrods, your movements
must necessarily be regulated by theirs. You
are at liberty to go or come, only when they
say ‘go’ or ‘come.’ and if a moment late, you
are a, day late I Again, sir, the use of Railroads
requires an outlay of what planters generally
have but little to spare— money ! and jusi to
the extent 100, that they do service. With
Plank roadshow different? The insignificant
item of tolls upon the quantity that may be
hauled over a Plank, is a trifle compared with
Railroad changes on a like quantity.
Over Plank Roads it is common with far
mere al the North to carry with a two hor.-e
team four tons, ur eight thousand pounds, thir
ty five miles per day—a weight equal to sixteen
bales of cotton. On the Montgomery and
West Point Railroad (the rates of charge upon
which are 1 believe about like al Southern
roads,) the fre ght on sixteen bales of cotton
from Franklin to Montgomery, a distance of
thirty-three miles, would be ten dollars and
forty cents, and an estimate of the entire char
ges upon such a shipment would perhaps be
as follows :
Average expense of hauling to depot, a»'um-
ed to be fifteen cents per bale 32 40
Damaged from careless ban ling by road, an
item, but not known
Freight down, as above stated 10 40
Drayage on arrival al market- 80
Storage for one month, (it being customary to
charge fora month if a day only in store) at
twenty-fivecents per bale 4 00
Fire risk down road, and during slay in ware-
house fifteen cents per bale 2 40
5ay..........320 00
Add to this similar charges upon the same
number of pounds of back loading, lew the
storage, and fire risk or 13 00
And we have ..$33 60
as the legitimate cost to a planter for transportation to
market by Rail Road of sixteen b iles of cotton, and
for procuring in return, a load of a like number of
pounds of supplies, without reference to his Rail
Road fare down and back, in accompanying his
produce to market. With the facility of a Plank
Road, the expense to him in accomplishing precisely
the same thing, would bo the worth of a two horse
wagon and team, two days- -$5
Tolls down and back 2
Says7
Only two dollars of which would be actual
outlay ’ Constituting the very moderate differ
ence in this transaction in actual outlay of
twenty nine dollars and sidy cents. Were we
to assume one hundred thousand bales of the
entire crop of Alabama io be grown an aver
age distance of thirty-three miles from the
planter's market, the difference to this class,
on this quantity alone, between Railroad trans
portation. and their haulm" it over a Plank
Road, a like distance, would each year, be
sufficient to construct nearly one hundred
miles of Plank Road ’ and before the Mobile
and Girard Railroad, is likely to he finished,
their actual saving under such circumstances
would aggregate a sum mifficient to build a
Plank Road from Mobile to Girard, and an
additional road from Mobile to the Tennes
see river! However striking this statement, if
there be in it a particle of sophistry. 1 at least
am unable to delect it.
Again, it is frequently urged lint for long
distances Railroads present the quickest mode
of transit. This to some extent is certainly
true, but the difference in this essential is not
so material as would at the first glance seem to
exist. On a Railroad, a fair average time for
one hundred miles would be six hours ; alike
distance would be readily accomplished over a
Plank Road in ten —and this difference would
most generally be fully counterbalanced by
the fact that you are likely to be ready for start
ing as many hours, before the cars would avail
you While therefore it is readily conceded
that starting at the same time, one on a Plank
Road would not be able to keep pace with the
‘ iron horse.' yet it would repeatedly happen,
(and indeed in more instances perhaps man
otherwise,) that ample lime, would present be
tween the hour that one might be ready to
leave, and the starting of the cars, to reach
one’s point of destination, even though one
hundred miles distant 1
It becomes theu (eicept in extreme distan
ces) an axiom— that as compared with Plank
Roads. Railroads, lose most generally, more
in tune of starting, than any advantage secured
by their increased speed; and Plank Rroada,
as compared with ther imposing rival, gain
more in the advantage of being always ready,
than they lose in the relative diff-rence in
speed.
This communication. .Mr. Editor, is already
lengthened beyond any original expectation.
1 must however crave your indulgence, so far
as to insist that all who feel say rsoZ iatsrsrt in
the projects proposed, will give to each, a fair
and impartial investigation, and as I claim to
be always open to conviction, sad the slarr o/
, mu particular prrjadics. and as well exempt
from the charge of being inseparably wedded
to Plank Roads, longer lisa they pressat tts
strmygest claims re yra/rrsace. 1 should with
infinite pleasure weigh well, all that may be
said by the opposite side of the question. 1
am at present well convinced, (and all the in
vestigation attempted, but strengthens the
belief) that Railroads, are not what we require
I The advantages which might with reason be
I expected to accrue from them, caaaot iusti'y,
I ‘Me anermovu onllej asrssMry la banU tbaat'
They are never likely to be profitable to any
who may become interested in them, and to
their orunaui stockholders (inasmuch as these
mast labor under the great disadvantage of
waning the establishment of their patronage)
must prove in the South very disastrous.
Mark the prediction—and permit me to ask.
bos U mr ftl keen oMenew. and kus mx esc*
ia tars bora pnyscCed uadsroaepwas faals ss/a
seraMr. as could is any Mol might now is ua
dsrtoLra t Has not their immense profitable
ness ever been the theme before the people, to
induce their subscription F Hara tbiua prafita,
m any one laXawcs cost keen rMlssed F Shades
of the victims of the •• Monroe Railroad”—
of that ' gvsal Meroagijure , the ■■ South Caro
lina Railroad." of the “ Wilmington and
Raleigh Railroad.” of the •• Central Railroad "
and (near by) of the •• Montgomery and West
Point Railroad," • rise ye up,’ and give
]in your experience ! Wher® "°. W li^j e A i t L | e
evanescent hopes excited by your deluded all -
rers? All, all these are vanished »»’«
but dire poverty is your reward! H’ l ‘
serious, Mr. Editor, I assert it as an un e
j ble fact (and the statement defies contra -
! tion.) that no original shareholder, in any Kail
road South of the Potomac river, is up to the
i present day whole in the investment ! vvnat
comment could we have that would be more
1 : conclusive of their fallacy.
I might go even farther, and assert it to be
the fact, that there are but three or four Rail
, roads, North of the Potomac, whose stock
will command par. Reference to the stock
I quotations published in any of the New York
j papers, will prove to you this. A recent state
' merit. gives the entire cost of Railroads in the
. State of New York $44,700.000— and their
gross receipts for the past year, as $4,200,000,
i or nine per cent,; deduct from this their ex
penditures, and it is readily seen how unprofi
table the investment. On the other hand, of
over three thousand miles of Plunk Road, in
the same Slate—midst a population true more
dense than ours, nut running generally in
competition with either Railroads, Canals or
Turnpikes—and where the common roads are
superior to ours— there is not a mile that docs
not pay largely more than legal interest after
laying aside a sinking fund for repairs, and re
planking—and in most instances they pay from
twenty to sixty per cent! W ith statements like
these, will the impartial mind hesitate to give
the system its consideration I 1 hope and be
lieve not! In conclusion, 1 beg to advance it
as my bumble opinion, that we have neither
the time or the means to build Railroads— while
Plank Roads may be constructed without any
material consumption of either; and I would
respectfully suggest, that there can be but
little true philosophy in calling into play the
ponderous cannon, to accomplish that, which
may be as effectually done—and with much
greater facility—by the lighter and more readi
ly handled “ small arm ” —or in expending
millions, for that which by a more judicious
system, thousands may secure:
“ Millions we tnay fail to command,
Thousands are already in hand.”
Let us try the cheaper method presented
first. Its success would accomplish all we
desire—a counter result would entail no ruin.
Respectfully.
Jos. S. Winter.
Tax Bill.
For the information of all interested, we
subjoin the Tax Bill passed at the recent ses-
sion of the Legislature, approved by the Go
vernor, and a Law:
Sec. Ist. Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the State of Geor
gia, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby
enacted by the authority aforesaid, That an act
entitled an act to levy and collect a lax fur each
of the political years eighteen hundred and
forty-eight and nine, passed by the last General
Assembly, he and the same is hereby re-enact
ed and made of force fur the political years
1850 and 1851, and for each and every year
thereafter, till repealed.
Sec. 2d. And be it further enacted t That
each and every male citizen between the ages
of twenty-one andsixty.be taxed annually the
sum of twenty-five cents only.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That each
and every free negro, or free person of color,
in this State, between the ages of eighteen and
fifty, shall be taxed annually the sum of five
dollars.
Sec. 4. Andbeit further enacted. That from
and after the first day of March, 1850 each ne
gro or person of color nominally a slave, who
by any contract or bargain and sale, or pre
tended bargain and sale, after the date afore
said, may be held or owned by any white per
son, said negro or person of color not being
over sixty years of age, or valueless from de
crepitude or disease, shall be taxed one hun
dred and fifty dodars, and every person when
making his or her return, shall state on oath
what negro or negroes he or she holds in the
right of and for the benefit of such negro, and
for each and every negro so held, shall pay the
tax of one hundred and fifty dollars, as above
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted. That
from and after the first day of March, all own
ers or hirers of slaves who shall permit said
slave or slaves to hire hisor her or their own time
at any period during the year from said own
ers or hirers shall pay a tax of one hundred
dollars on each, and every slave so hiring his or
her or their own time, provided that the giving in
said slave or slaves as taxable property to lax as
sessor by said owner or hirershall in no instance
housed as evidence against said owner or hirer
in an indictment under the existing laws of this
State, to pei mil said hiring: Provided that
nothing in this section shall operate in the city
of Savannah to prevent porters, laborers, or
others from working out under the ordinances
of said city.
Sec. 6th Andbeit further enacted. That a
tax of thirty-one and a quarter cents shall be
paid by the Memphis Branch Railroad for
each and every hundred dollars of the stock of
said Road, to be returned and paid into the
Treasury in the same manner, and at the time
required by law, in relation to tax on the cap
ital stock of Banks, with the same penalty
in case of failure.
Sec.7th. And be it further enacted That each
President of the different Banking Companies
in this State, be and they and each of them
shall return on oath, the amount of circulation
they have out in bills, checks, drafts or other
evidences of debt, under the denomination of
five dollars, not authorized by law, and that
they pay a tax of ten per cent, on the largest
amount of illegal circulation in circulation at
any lime within one year next before making
such return.
Sec. Bth. Aud be it further enacted, That a
tax ot fifty cents is hereby imposed on dach
sulky and buggy, a lax of oua dollar Ou every
Rockaway coach or clo&e carriage, a tax of four
dollars on each two horse stage, a lax of six
dollars on each stage working over two horses,
aud a tax of ten dollars on each omnibus.
Sec 9lh. And be it further enacted. That
each and every agent of any foreign Bank or
individual residing in another State, doing
business in this Slate, shall on or before thu
first Monday in each and every year make a
return on oath to the Treasurer of this State of
the highest amount of loans or paper discount
ed or exchange purchased by him and running
to maturity at any time during twelve months
immediately preceding such returns, and it
shall be the duty of such agent to pay into the
Treasury of this State, free from all cost or
charge whatsoever, the same rate of tax upon
one third of such highest amount so returned
by him as aforesaid, as is now imposed or may
hereafter be imposed by law upon the charter
ed Banks of this State, and shall be enforced
and collected in the same manner.
Sec. 10th. And be it further enacted. That a
tax of five cents per head shall be assessed
upon all cattle owned by the citizens of Florida,
and kept within this State.
Sec. 11th. And be it further enacted, That
the Tax Receiversand Collectors shall receive
the same compensation now allowed by law.
except the county of Chatham, whose Collect
or shall receive the same commission as is now
allowed to counties whose digest is less than
ten thousand dollars, and to nett the digest as
provided for in the seventh section of the Act
of 1845 for the Receivers; the defaults shall
be deducted, and for Collectors the insolvent
list shall be deducted from the total amount of
the digest.
Sec. 12th. And be it further enacted. That
all laws and parts of laws on the subject of
taxes not inconsistent with the provisions of
this Act, be and the same are continued in full
force.
Jno. \V. Anderson,
Speaker of (he House of Representatives.
VV. B Wofford,
President of the Senate.
Approved Feb. 22d, 1850.
Geo. W. Towns, Governor.
From Horn's Rail Road Gazette.
Savannah and Augusta Railroad. — Os ail
projected or completed Railroads in Georgia,
none, in our opinion, is more important than
the one proposed to conned Augusta and Sa
vannah. Ihe only means of communication
between these, is the Savannah river, which is
often so low as to preclude navigation, and is
of the utmost importance tu the citizens of
Georgia that their faculties of business and
social intercourse should be augmented to the
farthest possib e extent
The people of Georgia have lately turned
their attention and devoted their means to (he
establishment of manufactories and their suc
cess has been commensurate with the efforts
which they have made. A spirit of enterprise
has been awakened among them, the in Hue ace
of which is fell in the marked improvement ofall
classes of society, and the results which may
! be found in the increased wealth of tbe planters
and of those engaged in the business of manu
facturing the staple products of the soil. The
f inhabitants of the State of Georgia are disttn
-1 guished for their hospitality and for the nobility
‘ of their natures, and when once roused to a
* sense of their nl'eriority as respects great works
» of internal improvement, they put forth all
1 their energies to raise themselves to a level
with the most favored of the sister States.
’ They need but to be convinced of the feasibili
-1 ly and importance of any work which will add
1 to the wealth and welfare of the community,
to cause them to contribute of their substance,
sufficient for its accomplishment.
The interests of the public demand that a
good Road should be bnilt to connect these
two important cities of Georgia. Such a road
will probably cost $600,000 and should be the
best road vet built in the Southern Slates, it
should be a parfact Road, iu order to sustain
die competition whien it will have to undergo,
and the Directors should avail themselves of all
the improvements which experience in Road
buildnig has afforded, for thus they may be en
abled to construct the best, at the same time,
one of tbe cheapest roads in the country.
The estimated cost of the Road. 12.000 per
mile, is much less than that of most of the prin
cipal roads in the United States, and the coun
try through which it will pass is amply able to
construct it. even should us cost exceed the
estimate made by the Engineer. The citizens
of Savannah, should subscribe $400,000 and
the remainder of the subscriptions required to
enabled the Directors to enter upon the work,
may be readily obtained in Augusta and in the
country to be benefitted by the construction of
the Road through it. The Georgia and Cen
tral roads may be called upon to contribute to
tbe stock, anil when it becomes evident that
there is a determination on the part of the Di
rectors to build the road, the deficit in the sub
scription will be made up and the work may be
commenced with ample means lor its comple
tion
This Road wiil be of immense benefit to the
State and its seaport town, and still more so to
tbe eit» of Augusta. Nearly all the proposed
roads in Middle and North-eastern Georgia,
point to Augusta as one of tbeir termini. As
she becomes tbe nucleus of commercial indus
try and enterprise, so will she increase iu pop
uiauon, wealth and importance. Her progress
is inevitably upward, and onward, and the
consciousness of her high destiny should in
duce her to provide, by giving her aid, for the
speedy and certain transportation of her pro
ducts to the ocean. Some other means should be
afforded than tbe uncertain river, and the fo
reign road which bears away tbe riches of
Georgia and pours them into the lap of the
® ] commercial emporium of South Carolina. ’
H ; Let the citizens of Augusta have an eye to ;
ls their own interests and contribute liberally i
‘‘ towards the comdriicliftn ofthe Savannah and I
'■ Augusta Railroad.
-
!- ‘‘Official Interference in California.” ;
e Mr. Thurston, the delegate from Oregon,
it (says :he Washington correspondent of the
e Philadelphia Bulletin,) has just given us a
speech upon the question, and in his remarks
9 he embodied some curious facts, which will
- have a tendency to reconcile the South to the
< admission. Resolved to prove that the Execu-
< live was in no wise responsible for the acts of
< that Convention, or for any part assumed by
Mr. T. B. King, he addressed a letter of in
j quiry to Mr. K., which contained certain speci
r ficatiuns, and which, ns will be seen below, are
, distinctly answered by the distinguished ex-
- member. This letter is important and appro-
- pos, and will be quoted by the press, as a full,
f explicit, and positive exoneration ofthe Presi
i dent from the charges brought against him.
j Here it is:
i Wednesday, Feb 15,1850.
r Sir I have the honor to acknowledge the
> receipt of your note of yesterday, and answer
f with pleasure the questions contained in it, in
• their order.
Ist. I left the port of Savannah on the twen
t ty-second day of April, last and arrived at San
> Francisco on the morning of the 4th June. I
, saw Gen. Riley in .California for the first time,
about the 15th of June I do not recollect
precisely the day, nor had I any communica
tion with him, verbal or written, until that
time.
2 The President of the United States did
not at any time, or did any member of his cab
inet, give me any verbal instructions what to
say to General Riley, or the people of Cali
fornia, or what to say to them publicly or pri
vately.
3d. The President of the United States did
not, nor did any member of his cabinet, offi
cially or otherwise, request or advise me to in
fluence the people of California to exclude
slavery in their State, or to establish the bound
aries thereof, as they now are, or in any other
way
4th. The President of the United States nev
er did at any time, nor did any member of his
cabinet, express their views as to whether it
would or would not be policy for the people
of California to exclude slavery from their
State.
1 am, with very great respect,
Your obedient servant,
T. Butler King.
To the Hon. Samuel R. Thurston.
This stubborn denial from Mr. King, must
. set at rest the silly stories which disorganizers
have recently given vitality to, and circulated
throughout the country. — Savannah Republi-
L Can '
i Georgia manufactures and their pro-
I gress.—The New York Courier & Enquirer
I says: ‘ We were shown yesterday specimens
of wrapping and newspaper from the Rock
Island Factory, near Columbus, Geo , and to
our surprise aud gratification found them of a
very superior quality,—even, strong, and the
newspaper of very perfect color, —the whole
> exhibiting a thorough acquaintance with the
business, perfection of machinery, and care in
the manufacture. Good judges pronounced
i it superior to much of the paper manufactured
at the North.
“We understand that this factory has but re
cently commenced operations, with a cash cap
ital of forty thousand dollars, paid in. They
are turning out about one thousand pounds of
paper per day, but will soon work off from
twenty-five hundred to three thousand pounds.
The slock is all procured in the South and the
most of it in the region around Columbus.
We are gratified to learn too, that the factory
finds a ready market at home for all the paper
that they make. The affairs of the company
are conducted by R. L. Mott, Esq , of Colum
bus, who is acting president, and D. Adams,
Esq., Secretary, a worthy son of New Eng
land
“There are two paper mills in Georgia,but
none anywhere South on so extensivo a scale
as this.
Michigan.—The Detroit Free Press of the
22d, announces “gratify ing intelligence of the <
passage of Gen. Robert’s resolutions by the j
House of Representatives. But little doubt is
entertained of their passage through the Sen- 1
ate also. These resolutions, in effect, rescind 1
the instructions of the last Legislature, which
would have compelled Gen. Cass to resign, in f
case the Wilmot Proviso had come up, under c
the instructions of the legislature of Michigan.
A large meeting was held at Detroit on the J
21st inst., at which the following resolutions ’
were adopted;
Resolved, (as the sense of this meeting,) ,
That the legislature of this State, now in ses- t
sion.owe it to themselves, to the State, and the (
Union, by every consideration of patriotism, t
of justice, of liberty, and nationality, to rescind r
the resolutions of instruction to our senators, f
approved 13th January. 1849
Resolved, (as the sense of this meeting,) c
That the representatives from Wayne county,
and the senators from the first district, should
use all honorable means to give full effect to 1
the foregoing resolution. I
Resolved, That the patriotism, wisdom, and j
fidelity of Gen. Cass, command our highest
admiration and most implicit confidence, and .
entitle him to the gratitude of every true Amer- ]
ican.
The Locofoco papers contend that Gen 1
Taylor’s position in regard to the slave ques
lion in the territories is precisely that of Gen
Cass, and, calling it “ the Cass platform,” they 1
eulogise it as the very best and wisest policy I
that could possibly be adopted. «
We all remember, that, when President
Taylor announced the policy in question in
his California message, all the Locofoco pa- ’
pers denounced it and stigmatised it and ridi
culed it without stint or mercy. The Washing
Union, the leader of the pack, branded it as I
weak, silly, and cowardly That paper
assailed it from day to day and from week i
to week in terms of the lowest and coar- i
seat blackguardism. '
ft is certainly very curious and amusing <
to find these Locofoco organs, which have |
thus denounced the Taylor policy, now swear- i
itig that it is the Cass policy and protesting that ,
ii is the only policy that can save the Union.
The truth is, they are beginning to discover i
that it is likely to be adopted by Congress and
to receive the approbation of the people, and <
so, with the echoes of their own fierce denun
ciations of it still ringing in their ears, they i
are now anxious to usurp the glory of it and
to make the nation think that it is the very
thing they have ail along been laboring to
effect.— Lous. Jour.
Invasion of Cuba.—The New York Express
of Friday has a telegraphic dispatch from its
Washington correspondent, which says :
[n addition to the facts I telegraphed to the
Express, yesterday. I now !e«rn. authentically
That the Expedition will set out, no matter
what may be the prospect of defeat.
That the command has been tendered to sev
eral influential men, both North and South
but none have as yet accepted.
That there is more known about this enter
prize, here, in Washington, than you at the
. North have a suspicion of.
I have to day heard other well authenticated
reports of other forces leaving this country for
the general rendezvous at Chagres. There
. can he no doubt that the demonstration will be
more formidable than has been anticipated
The same paper, of Saturday, has the fol
lowing additional infurma ion on this subject,
received by telegraph, dated at Washington,
March 29:
I have learned, beyond all doubt that your
city is the head quarters of the Cuba Expedi
tion. It is there that the managers are located,
and from that quarter the scheme radiates The
i “ modus operandi’ is to land a thousand de
termined men somewhere on the island, and
’ raise the standard of revolt, proc’aim freedom
to all, and, relying upon the support of the
t people of the interior, push on, if need he, to
, a battle, which will decide the fate of the “Con
quest.” This may look and sound wild ; bnt
p tt is the programme, lam assured.
I I have said that the scheme centres in New
York, so it does —the physical, the material
part of it. The intellectual, or the planning
I part of it is in Washington. Strange stories
. are afloat concerning the part men here, high
in public esteem, are supposed to be taking in
, this business, yet such as lam unwilling to ra
. peat, until further corroboration be had.
I Response to Daniel Webster.—The
f Boston Daily Advertiser of Wednesday con
i tains the following letter of thanks to the Hon.
. Daniel Webster, signed by about 800 of the
3 principal men of Boston, expressive of their
. nearly “concurrence in the sentiments of his
f late speech m the Senate; and of their heart
i felt thanks for the inestimable aid it has afford
g ed towards the preservation and perpetuation
II of the Union.”
t | Boston, 25th Mireh, 1850-
L To the Honorable Ifaniel Webster :
-* Sir, —Impressed with tbe magnitude and import
’ a nee of the service to ths Constitution and the Union
a which you have rendered by your recent speech in
’ the Senate of tbe United States, on tbe subject of
'» Slavery, we desire to express to you our deepobli-
gallon*, for what this speech has done and is doing,
to enbghten the public mind and to bring tbe pres
ent crisis in our National affairs to a fortunate and
peaceful termination. As citizens of the United
States, we wish to thank you, for recalling us to our
duties under the Contututiou, and for the broad,
national and patriotic views, which you have sent,
with tbe weight of your great authority and with tbe
power of your unanswerable reasoning, into every
corner of the Union.
It is, permit us to say, sir, no cxntnon good, which
yoil have :bus done for the country. Iu a time of
aiinost unprecedented excitement, when the minds
of men have been bewildered by an apparent conflict
of duties, and when multitudes have been unable to
find nd id ground >n which to rest with security and
l»eace, you have pointed out to a whole people a path
of duty, bare convinced the understanding and
touched the conscience of a nation. You have me’
this great exigency as a i atriot and a statesman ; and
although the debt of gratitude which the people of
this country owe to you, was large before, yon have
increased it by a peculiar service, which is fell
thicMighout the land
We desire, therefore to express to you our entire
P concurrence in the sentiments of your speech, and
our heartfelt thanks for tbe inestimable aid it has
afforded towards the preservation and perpetuation
of the Union. For this purpose, we respectfully pre
sent to you this address of thanks and congratulation,
in reference to this moat interesting and important
occasion in your life.
We have the honor to be, with the highest respect,
your obedient servants.
Mr. James K. Paulding. Secretary of War
t during .Mr. Van Buren's administration. has
I written a letter to the Democracy of Tammany
Hail, New York. ;n which he very properly
( denounces the Wilmot Proviso, and ail its aid
ers and abettors at the Nonh. as needlessly
exasperating the South, and making distur
t bance and mischief.
Freight is Satavvah.—A private letter
from Savannah, dated 6th insL, mentions that
500 bales Cotton had been taken in the ship
t Avon, for Liverpool, to fin up, at an eighth of
a penny per pound.
p Exchange on New York at 60 days, per
cent. dis.— Ch, Cow.
Pram the National Intelligencer, 3d- inst.
Funeral of the Hon, «I. C. Calhoun.
The two Houses of Congress wore yesterday en
gaged in the performance ot funeral rites over the r«-
i mainsofthe Hon. John C. Calhonn, and the Senate
chamber presented a solemn and deeply interesting
aspect. The corpse of the deceased statesman—en
closed in a meta lio case, bearing the following aim
pie inscription on thp plate: “John C. Calhoun:
born March 18, 1782; died March 31, 1850” —was
placed on a bier in the cenire area, around which
were grouped relatives and friends, amongst whom
were a son of the deceased, the surviving Senator
and the Representatives in Congress from South Car
olina, and veteran statesmen as pall-bearers, some of
whom have been Mr. Calhoun's contemporaries du
ring the many years he has been in ihc National
Councils—Mr. Clay and Mr. Webster, Mr, Mangum
and Mr. Cass, Mr. Berrien and Mr. King. The
other members of the Senate, in two semi-circular
rows of seals, enclosed th«» melancholy group.
The President of the United States was present,
seated on the right of the Vice President, and the
Speaker ofthe House ol« Representatives occupied a
-•hair on his left. The Chapin ins of the Senate and
House of Representatives occupied the Secretary’s
desk, to the light and left of whom were the Secre
tary of the Senate and' the Clerk of the House, and
immediately in front were the committee of arrange
ments. The subordinate officers of the two Houses
were in appropriate positions around the plat
form.
The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the
Supreme Court of the United States, and its officers,
in their robes, and two ofthe Judges of the United
States Court for the District of Columbia, were as
signed seats in the chamber on the extreme left of
the Presiding Officer, and the extensive Diplomatic
Corps were on the right. The members of the
House of Representatives, with the Heads of De
partments, occupied the residue of the body of the
chamber, leaving the outer circle behind the bar for
Officers of the Army and the Navy. Ex-Cabinet
officers, Senators, Members of the House of Repre
sentatives, Mayor and Councils of Washington,
Heads of Bureaus, ands other civilians entitled to ad
mission, were accommodated beneath the marble
gallery and in adjacent aisl s.
The circular gallery was exclusively appropriated
to ladies, leaving only the limited space in the mar
ble gallery behind the Reporters for such male specta
tors as could gain admittance.
The Service performed was that of the Episcopal
Church, of which the Chaplain to the Senate, the
Rev. C. M. Butler, isa Minister. Theritual.com
mencing with “ I am the Resurrection and the Life,”
was followed by a Sermon, brief but impressively
appropriate, from Psalm 82, 6 and 7: “I have said
ye are gods; and all of you are children of the Most
High. But ye shall die like men, and fall like one
of the princes.”
The funeral cortege left the Senate chamber for
the Congressional Burial Ground, where the body
is for the present deposited, in the following order ;
The Chaplains of beih Houses of Congress.
Physicians the deceased.
Committas Arrangements :
Mr. Mason, I Mr. Dodge, of Wisconsin,
Mr. Davis, of Miss. r I Mr. Dickinson,
Mr. Atchison, | Mr. Gbbene,
Pall-Bearers :
Mr Mangum, I Mr. Cass,
Mr. Clay, Mr. King,
Mr. Webster, | Mr. Berrien.
The family and friends of the deceased.
The Senator and Representatives from the State of
South Carolina, as mourners.
The Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate of the United
States.
The Senate of the United States, preceded by the
Vice President of the United States and their Sec-
retary
The Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representa
tives
The House of Representatives, preceded by their
Speaker and Clerk.
The President of the United Stales.
The Heads of Departments.
The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the
Supreme Court of the United Statesand its officers.
The Diplomatic Corps.
Judges of the United States.
Officers of the .Executive Departments.
Officers of the Army and Navy.
The Mayor and Councils of Washington.
Citizens and Strangers.
“ Some when they die, die all; their mould’ring clay
is but an emblem of their memories ;
The space quite closes up through which they
passed:
That some have liv’d, they leave a mark behind
Shall pluck the shining age from vulgar lime
And give it whole to late posterity.”
Consumption of Cigars in Cuba.—The
correspondent of the New Orleans Picayune,
ina recent letter, furnishes the following statis
ticsof the manufacture and consumption of
Cigars in the Island of Cuba.
“ The labors of the 1 secoion de industria” brought
forward some curious statistics relative to the tobac
conists, by far our greatest manufacturing industry.
Their report states that each cigar maker will roll
daily 300 cigars, at an average ofso cents a hundred.
Supposing them to work twenty days in each month,
this will give 72,000 cigars annually per hand.—
Tbe consumption in the island they estimate at 440
millions, and supposing the exports to be 160 millions,
this will give 600 millions as the annual cigar manu
facture, giving employment in its various branches,
to fully 10,000 people, the value of whose labor is
not less than $4,000,000. The consumption of ci
gars here seems disproportionate, but when we take
into consideration that from childhood almost every
one smokes, we dtf not doubt it is under estimated.”
Georgia Railroad.—Comparative state
ment of the business of the Georgia Railroad
fur the two years ending 31st March 1849 and
1850, respectively:
Passengers. Freights, Mails. &c. Total.
1849-50.-189,650 45 437,162 86 626,813 31
1848-49--166,484 04 415,530 55 582,014 59
Increase..-23,166 41 21,632 31 44,798 72
Great Conflagration in China, —The
New Haven Register has the following letter
from Charles W. Bradley, Esq., the United
States Consul at Amoy, giving an account of
a largo fire which occurred there on Christ
mas Eve:
U. S Consulate Amoy, China, Dec. 26. 1849.
—On Sutidav last, at 2 o’clock P. M., a fire
broke out in this city, which laid waste about
- •
500 house), covering an area of many acres,
and comprising the handsomest and richest
mercantile establishments on the island. There
was a lossofsix lives, and of property estimat
ed at from $6,000,000 to $10,000,000! As a
general rule, in Chinese cities, merchants or
handicrafts of the same kind, are grouped to
gether in a single street or neighborhood
Thus, blacksmiths, shoemakers, grain-dealers,
stone-cutters, fruiterers, &o , have each their
particular locality. The sufferers, on this oc
casion. wero the large dealers in silks, furs,
teas, paper and books, the gold and silver
smiths, shoemakers, stocking makers, aud
other miscellaneous artisans and merchants.—
Among tha ruins are those of the large and
beautiful Joss-house, "Quean-te-bio.” in the
street to which it gave name—built 500 years
ago ; and that called ‘Ta-ti-kong kiiing chiung.’
or the Temple of Mammon—where the god
of wealth is worshipped. The streets are
nowhere more than ten, and usually not more
than six feet wide. On these the narrow
buildings are joined in solid mass—two stories
in height—composed of bricks, but with a
good deal of external wood work. Mats of
plantain and palm-leaves are also stretched
from the eaves of the houses on one side of the
way to those on the other, intended to shut out
the nearly vertical rays of the sun. but which
now, of course, materially assisted the confla
gration.
Cacoht.—During the past week, our citi
zens have teen considerably annoyed by f-e
--quent burglaries, and the police, upon investi
gaiion, were led to suspect two men by the
name of Phelan and Brown, who arrived here
some two weeks since, and proposed to give
exhibitions in the science of “Boziana.”—
They were accordingly arrested, and on Mon
day an informal examination was had, which
resulted in fastening suspicion where it had
rested, but in no positive proof of the guilt
of the parties That night Phelan determined
to tarn State’s evidence, and accordingly, on
Tuesday morning, the parties were again pro
duced, and upon the positive testimony of
Phelan, who swears that Brown broke into a
house and stole money from the drawer, the
latter was committed to jail to await hia trial
at the ensuing May Court. — Columbus, (Ga.)
Sentinel.
Wheat Prizes.
Below will be found the award of the com
mittee appointed to distribute the prizes here
tofore offered by John G. Winter, Esq., for
the best specimens of Wheat brought to this
market. The prizes were beautiful pieces of
plate, and worth the contention of our farm
ing friends:— Columbus Sentinel.
We. the undersigned, committee for the dis
tribution of the Prizes offered by Col. John
G. Winter, for the beet specimens of Wheat
raised in Georgia and Alabama, and sold in
this market, do make the following awards :
For Ist best specimen, a Silver Coffee Pot,
valued at SIOO, to D. Owens
For 2d best specimen, Pair Silver Pitchers,
valued at $75, to J. Towens.
For 3d best specimen. Silver Goblet, valued
at SSO. to J. M. Stamper.
For 4th beet specimen. Silver Cup. valued
at $25, to R. L. Mott.
For sth beet specimen. Silver Cup, valued
at $lO. to Robert Mitchell.
Paul J. Skhmzs, Jas. C Hollasd,
Jons Woolfolk, Gko. C. Wheslkr,
W 8. Holstzad. Mayor.
A siw couMTiarziT. —We were yesterday
shown a counterfeit one hundred dollar note
on the Bank of the Stale of Georgia, which
had been received by a Bank in Charleston.
The pla’eof tbe spurious bill >s very defective
in its execution, and entirely different from
the true bill in vignettes and ornaments. The
following are the prominent discrepancies,
which may enable those who have not the
genuine note at hand to delect the counterfeit-
There is but one vignette on tbe true bill—it is
at the top—an eagle with spread wings; a
steamboat in tbe distance; near the eagle, upon
the (round, a bale of goods, a cask, and by its
side a tobacco plant in bloom. The backs
are in red ink. with the figures 100. The
counterfeit has also a red back, but has the
words “State Bank of Georgia ’ in the centre,
and not the denomination 100. It has also at
the left hand end a steamship, with 100 at top
and bottom, and at tbe right hand end a loco
motive and train under way, and 100 at top
and bottom, and round the entire margin
small figures of 100 repeated; all of which the
true bill has not. The Vignette is at top—a
female figure seated beside a bridge, with a
sheaf of wheat by her aide—and a water fall
with a figure of a" very small horse drinking—
with a locomotive in the distance. Tbe bill is
of large size, and so different in appearance
that the above description may serve as a guide
to these nut familiar with the notes oi the
bank The spurious signature of A. Porter,
Cashier, is well executed, but that of G.
B. Cumming. President, is a bad imitation. —
The counterfeit is payable at the Branch at
Eatonton, aud dated 6th October, 1849—at that
date A- Porter was President, and 1. K. Tefft
Cashier of the Bank. —.Sack. Ry.
Edward Everett is reported to be engaged
upon a history of France, for which he has
been many years collecting materials.
Tbe harrowing story of a young California
emigrant having been skinned alive by the
Indians for killing an old squaw, is ail a hoax.
He is IU a better berth—picking gold at tbe
diggings
■ Ruins of an Ancient California Citt—
Antiquaries will feel deeply interested in the
discovery ol vast regions of ancient ruins near
Han Diego, and within a day’s march of the
e Pacific Ocean, at the head of the Gulf of Cali
fornia. Portions of temples, dwellings, lofty
stone pyramids (seven of these within a mile
square) and massive granite rings or circular
walls,round venerable trees,columns and blocks
s of hieroglyphics—all speak of some ancient
‘ race of men, now forever gone, their history
* actually unknown to any of the existing faini
p lies of mankind. In some points, these ruins
‘ resemble the recently discovered cities of Pa
lenque, &c , near the Atlantic or Mexican
I Gulf coast; in others, the ruins of ancient
i Egypt» io others, again, the monuments of
, Phcenicia, and yet in many features they differ
from all that I have referred to. I observe
that the discoverers deem them to be antedi
, luvian, while (he present Indians have a tradi
tion of a great civilized nation, which their fe
rocious fore-fathers utterly destroyed. The
1 region of the ruins is called by the Indians,
•the Valley of Mystery.’— lf it mer's Chronicle.
A London letter in the New York Courier,
dated Bth ult , says that the Government of Pe
i ru, which for the last twenty years has neglect
ed to pay the interest on her national debt, has
at last agreed to recognize the debt, pay the
interest and also create a sinking fund for the
purpose of liquidating the principal by annual
instalments. The rapid increase of the demand
for guano, found on the rocky shores of Peru,
the sale of which is a government monopoly,
is said to have been the cause of this prosperous
condition of the Peruvian treasury. From
64,000 tons of this fertilizing substance export
ed in 1847, the shipments of the present year,
it is estimated, will be over 100,000 tons. The
supply of guano obtained from Ichaboe, on the
coast of Africa, is said to be exhausted, leaving
the field e’ear to the Peruvians,
The Georgia Road has of late been doing
a heavy business in the conveyance of mer
chandise and other freight, to be sent off from
this place to the regions north and west of us,
a large amount destined for the neighboring
counties of Alabama. The spacious ware
house of this Road for some time past has been
literally crowded full of the various descrip
tions of freight, brought up on the road, —box-
es, bags, barrels, &c, piled up to the roof, and
large quantities lying about on the platforms
outside of the main building, waiting to be sent
off to their places of destination.— Atlanta In
telligencer.
Counterfeit Eagles.—We noticed yes
terday a spurious ten dollar piece, which one
of our tradesmen had been subjecting to an
examination The piece was very well exe
cuted, and calculated to deceive, having ail the
appearances of a genuine gold eagle from the
Philadelphia Mint It could be easily detect
ed, however, by its lightness, being about seven
ty grains less in weight than the genuine coin.
We understand that quite a large number are
in circulation, and people would, therefore, do
well to be on their guard against receiving
them.— Atlanta Intelilgencer.
The Marion (Ala.) Commonwealth of the
28th ult. says:
Weather.—Jack Frost presented his gray
visage to the astonished gaze of the natives in
these diggins, last Sunday morning. On Tues
day a snow fell wnich would have done no
discredit to a more Northern latitude, and on
Wednesday the ground was frozen to the
depth of an inch. Fruits, garden vegetables,
wheat and the young crops of corn and cotton,
are, since this untimely visit of the winter
king, nonest inventus.
It is estimated that in the city of New York
there is an aggregate yearly issue of 62,24,860
newspapers, magazines and reviews—the cost
of the paper for publishing which alone
amounts to $600,000.
The brig Sutton, at Boston, brings dales
from Buenos Ayres to the 19th January. On
the 16th a destructive fire broke out in the city,
which destroyed a great number of buildings,
among others the establishment of Mr. Arm
strong, whose loss was about 25,000 or 30,000
patacoons, or upwards of 20,000 Spanish dol
lars. Santa Maria saltadero, or slaughterhouse,
was also destroyed.
The post office at Fond du-Lac, Wisconsin,
has been robbed of various sums, amounting in
all to over $4,000, during the last few weeks,
by a young man named Bayard, a clerk in the
office, and four or five confederates among the
overgrown boys of the village. The chief cul
prit has been arrested, far on his way to Tex
as, and by his confession and the agency of the
telegraph, the parties implicated at Fond-du-
Lac have also been arrested and commi ted for
trial.
Emigrants for Virginia.— The Syracuse
Star states that a number of Onondaga Far
mers—including some of the best ones in the
county—are contemplating a removal to Virgi
nia. Three or four of them are now on a visit
to that State looking for suitable locations.
The Legislature of Virginia at its late session
added two new counties to the already large
number in the ancient Commonwealth, viz:
Raleigh, from the southern portion of Fayette
county; and Wyoming, by a subdivision of
Logan county.
Ten lighter loads of goods have reached N.
York from the wrecked ship Argo. It is
thought that the ship will bo floated off in a few
days.
A new Hotel is in project up town on Broad
way, intended to cover a whole block, and to
exceed in magnificence any hotel in the world.
It is to be built before the coining winter.— N.
Y. Sun.
Mr. Prescott has nearly finished stereotyp
ing his history of Philip the Second, in three
volumes, uniform with his other works.
The iron safe which was lost from on board
the steamer Orline St. John, al the lime she
was burned, has been recovered, and all the
valuable papers and a large amount of money
contained in it, found to be safe A package
of gold dust belonging ton gentleman of Pe
•.. ... - ■• a. A/ . . II nI ■■ Hal a. * i ■■■a. r. .. I-. a . VZ I _
Va., valued at $8 460,| was also re
covered in the safe.
A Great Invention.—Dick’s Anti-Friction
Press is one of the noblest and most perfect
arrangements of power ever discovered. Its
applicability to the various purposes in the
arts where immense force is required, together
with its compactness, renders it almost inval
uable in the construction of all kinds of print
ing, embossing and other presses. We have
seen* an em bo*sing press in the Methodist
Book concern, that is superior io anything in
use. For punching the power is so intense
that a boy can punch cold plates of iron an
inch in thickness with ease. The machine
used to hoist the piles in the cofferdam, at the
Navy Yard, only weighed thirty-five hundred,
yet it exerted the force of 680 tons lifting
power, by the aid of four men. We have
seen a stump machine, that weighs only about
a ton that will draw any stump in America,
worked by three men. The strongest testi
monials have been received from the “ Book
Concern,” and numerous other sources, con
firming all we have seen and more The vast
establishment, corner of Jane and Washington
streets, N. Y., is thronged with orders from
all parts of the country, and the number of
uses to which this invention is applied, make
the manufactory a curiosity shop of the first
water. — N. Y. Tribune.
Millions of Pigeons Roosting.— Letters from
Indiana complain that some of the pigeon roosts
cover the forests for miles, destroying the tim
ber. A letter from Laurel says: “lam com
pletely wern down. The pigeons are roosting
all through the woods, and the roost ex
tends for miles. Our neighbors and ourselves
have, for several nights, had to build large fires
and keep up reports of fire-arms to scare
them off. While I write, within a quarter of a
mile, there are 30 guns firing. The pigeons
come in such large quantities as to destroy
a great deal of timber, break limbs off of large
trees, and even tear up some by the roots.
The woods are covered with pigeons, and the
hogs are getting fat on them. Our old friend
Hendrick killed 50 at four shots.
An Ancient Astronomical Chart.—A let
ter from Paris slates that in the Royal Library
of that city there is a chart of the heavens made
600 years before Christ, and which contains
1460 stars.
Antiquity of Steam as a Motive Power.—-It
has been discovered that a book printed at Ve
rona as far back as J 472 describes a method of
propelling vessels by wheel paddies. It is also
now conceded by our scientific men that the
idea of employing steam as a motive power first
occurred to Hiero of Alexandria about 40 B. C.
Steamboat Sunk.—The steamer James B.
Porter struck a snag in the Wabash river, a
few days since, near New Harmony, and im
mediately sunk to her boiler deck, and then
capsized. She had a heavy cargo of produce
for New Orleans, to be re-shipped at Evans
ville, and a large number of passengers All
the latter were believed to have been saved.
The boat and cargo will prove a total loss,
amounting in the aggregate to $25,000 or
$30,000. Picayune.
Snow and a Killing Frost.—We had
quite a fall of snow here on Wednesday last,
and a very heavy frost that night. All the corn
up —and we learn that many planters had a
large portion of their crop up—was killed.
There was also co lon up—particularly in the
cane brake—which was of course killed.— as
also most of the tender garden vegetables,
Greensboro {Ala.) Beacon.
Sentence of Dr. Webster.— On Monday, sen
tence of death was passed on Dr. Webster,
convicted of the murder of Dr. Parkman.—
The speech of Dr. Webster, before the Court,
on Saturday, was a lame affair, and had the
effect of leading to the belief of his guilt,
rather than establishing his innocence. The
general impression appears to be that the ver
dict was a righteous one.
BY WM. H. TUTT.
JUST RECEIVED, a beautiful assortment of
Port Mnanais, Ivory and Shell Dressing Combs,
1 Violin Strings, assorted, Hair Brushes (10 different
kind*,) Tooth Brashes (20 kinds,) Smelling Bottles,
» Leather Drinking Cups, a great vaiiety of Fancy
Soaps, German Cologne, Old Brown W indoor Soap,
I Toilet Boules, Pomatums; together with a general
t assortment of French and English Drugs and Chcrn
oticais. All of which will be sold at Charleston
i prices. mbß-ddkw
THE HESPEREAN HARP.—A collec
tion of Psalm and Hymn Tunes, Odes and An
k thems, and Sunday School, Infant, Revival, Temper
-1 ante, Patriotic and Moral Pieces, confining also,
I Scotch, German, fri*h and other fine Compositions,
- much New Music never before published, and an
I Exposition of the Principles of Music and of Musical
, Composition, by Wm. Houser, M. D. To be had,
. wholesale and retail, sls per doz., or $1.50 a single
» copy, of the Agents.
1 GEO. A. OATES & CO ,
' Broed-Mreef. between the Unite! Slates and Globe
• Hotels. aplO
t TJURE MEDICINAL WINES, selected
t IT by a competent judge, for sale by
■ t mh!7D. B. PLUMB & CO,
I~jNA>fILY MEDICINE SCALES— A few
. dozen on hand, and for sale by
1 mhJ-d&w WM. H. TV IT, Druggist,
8 B j/ia'k/k Lbs. Hemlock Sole Leather;
4vvV 50 Sides Oak tanned Harness and
k Band Leather, for sale by
e ng HAND, WILLIAMS A CO.
B”~ ACON.—SO.OOO lbs. fine Tennessee BACON,
in More and for sale in lots to suit Dealers.
| mhls BAKEk, WILCOX de CO.
MSTSCIIfT!
Y V.
; TELEGRAPHIC NEWS.
S
t Transmitted Tor tke Chronicle <& Sentinel*
r *
- LATER FROM EUROPE
I
ARRIVAL OF THE
r STEAMER EUROPA.
» Two Weeks Later Intelligence.
FURTHER DECLINE lIFcOTTON-
[ From our Special Correspondent ]
Baltimore, April 4, 3.30 P. M.
The atcamer Europa arrived at Halifax on Thurfr
’ day afternoon. All kinds of Cotton except Fair and
Good had declined (|d.) one farthing.
, The quotations are :
s Fair Upland, .....6id.
, Mobile, 6jd.
I Orleans
j Sales of the fortnight 56000 bales.
, The Money Market is firmer. Console are quo-
> ted at 95J.
s
i From our Regular Correspondent.
Baltimore, April 4, 11 A. M.
> [The following dispatch is positively first on
’ file: ]
J Halifax Telegraph Office, 3, P.M. The
Europa arrived at Halifax at 2 this afternoon.
, Liverpool Market.
All descriptions of Cotton, except fair and
1 good, has declined one farthing. Fair Upland
; 6j ; Mobile 6s; Orleans 6}. The sales for the
! last fortnight have been 56,000 bales; of which
i Speculators have taken 7,500 and Exporters
• 10,000. Sales last week 20,000 bales.
I Coflee in London is down 6 shillings, or 15s.
, from the price which ruled a few weeks ago.
t The Corn market is steady, and Yellow has
advanced 6d.; White is unchanged. Prime
Flour is unchanged.
The Money market is firmer, and lhe 801,
, lion in the Banks is encouraging.
Consols closed Money and account.
American Securities are said to be firmer,
but we have no quotations.
Trade in the manufacturing districts is note
good. The latest advices from India are less
encouraging than was expected.
Political.
From the continent there is little of moment.
The elections in France have passed off quiet
•y-
The latest accounts from Havre give remar
kably favorable reports of the Cotton Market,
with much steadiness in prices.
All was quiet in France.
ADDITIONAL BY THE EUROPA.
Our Charleston correspondent furnishes the follow
ing additional items by the Europa :
Miscellaneous •
Charleston, April 5, P. M.
The Congress of German sovereigns was to be
held during the month of April at Dresden, ostensibly
o take counsel together upon German affairs. The
Emperor of Austria and the Kings of Hanover and
Saxcny were to be present.
A most destructive inundation had occurred in the
river Danube, causing immense injury to the coun
try along its banks, especially in the vicinity of Co
morn, Raab, and other towns. So great was the in
undation, that it is stated 15,000 persons had been
compelled to take refuge from the flood by escaping
to Raab.
The negotiations between Austria and Prussia re
garding the establishment of a central government
for Germany, have been entirely unsuccessful.
Liverpool Market*
Brkadstuffs and Provisions.—At the sailing
of the Europa. White Corn was quoted at 27s a 27s
fid ; Yellow 26s a 26s 9d; Best Canal Flour, 20 to
21s; Baltimore 225; Rio Coffee 47s to 525, and very
dull. Porto Rico Sugars, 30 to 395. Beef was steady
at old prices. Hams were declining and in limited
demand. Lard had declined 7d to Is. Rice 13s 6d
to 20s. Tobacco unchanged, with small sales. Naval
Stores in demand.
FURTHER PARTICULARS.
The Europa, has about ninety passengers
The Hermann sailed from Southampton on
the 20th with a full freight list and 80 passen
gers. The packet ships Plymouth Rock,
Ivanhoe and Constitution, arrived on the 16th.
The America arrived at Liverpool on lhe
19th.
England.— The Chancellor of the Exchequer
has presented his Budget for the ensuingyear,
and although he has the pleasure of announc
ing a surplus of nearly two and a half millions,
still, the manner in which this surplus has been
disposed of, is anything but satisfactory to the
country. Ministers are said to hold office by
very precarious tenure. In developing the
views of Government on financial matters,
ihe Chancellor was obliged to proceed on two
kinds of estimates, viz: The income and ex
penditure to the sth April, 1850. He estima
ted, then, that the public income of lhe finan
cial year ending on the sth prox. would
amount to £52,755,560, and the expenditure
lo £50,533,651. He estimated the probable
surplus, on slh April, at £2.250,000. As for
the estimate for the year ending sth April.
1851, he feared he could not hold out the hope
of such a favorable slate of Customs, chiefly
owing to the reduction upon sugar, and partly
from a reduced importation of other articles,
such as corn, brandy, &c. He estimated the
receipts from Customs, including corn, at
£2O 000,000; making a total probable income
of £52 285,000 for the financial year ending
the sth of April, 1851. He estimated the ex
penditure at £50,613,582, but that amount
was contingent upon certain things named
He proposed to take for a total margin, one
hundred and silty thousand pounds; conse
quently the probable expenditure would be
about £50,763,582. Under these circumstan
ces there would be a surplus income, beyond
lhe expenditure in the year, in round numbers
of £1,500.000. His own proposals for dis
posing of this surplus are various ; among
which, he proposes to apply one half the sur
plus to a reduction of taxation and the other
half to the reduction of the National debt. In
the House of Commons, on Tuesday night,
the stability of the Ministry was strongly me
naced. Mr. Hutt had given notice of amo
lion that the House address the Crown, to di
rect that negotiations may be forthwith entered
into for lhe purpose of releasing this country
from all treaty engagements with foreign
Stales, for maintaining armed vessels on lhe
('oast of Africa, to suppress the traffic in slaves.
And, lhe morning previous to lhe debate on
this motion, Lord John Russel called a meeting
of the fr.etidsand supporters of Government,
one hundred and sixty of whom attended his
lordship, as did also Lord Palmerston, distinct
ly informing them that, should this motion be
carried, he should resign office.
The result of the division at night was, that
the motion was lost by a majority of seventy
eight. The Times designates the support of
the African squadron as a deplorable humbug,
and says the country must take this matter into
serious consideration. A large proportion of
our fleet,—a fourth, it is said.—is emplyed in
the interminable fool’s errand in»lhe tropics
without the least benefit whatever, but a great
deal of harm. A million a year is a low esti
mate of lhe expense.
There are pretty evident signs of an ap
proachingdissolution of Parliament
The bill for lhe abolition of the Lieutenancy
of Ireland is »o be presented to Parliament
after Eester.
We learn from Ireland that cultivation is
going on more rapidly than was anticipated,
and that a great breadth of potatoes have been
•own.
The Queen has granted a pension to the
wile of the poet Moore of £IOO per annum.
A proclamation declares all party proces
sions in Ireland illegal, and that they will be
putdown by force. St, Partrick’s day passed
over quietly in Ireland.
The Chinese have delivered to lhe authori
ties of Macao lhe head and hand of the late
governor.
prom the London Mercantile Gazette March 22
Destructive Fire at Manchester this morning
—We havejusl received, by electric telegraph,
intelligence that a most destructive, fire broke
out early this morning in the extensive premi
ses of Messrs. Wood & Westhead, of No.
49 Piccadilly, Manchester. We have not
received any details as to the origin of the dis
aster or the natnre< f lhe property destroyed
but the loss is estimated to reach 100,00/. The
premises and stock are insured.
Greece. — On the Ist of March, three hours
after the departure of the French steamer for
Marseilles, the English Consul at Athens issued
the following circular:
I am instructed by Her Majesty’s Minister
Plenipotentiary to the King of Greece, to in
form you that Her Majesty’s Government,
having good hopes of obtaining a satisfactory
settlement of their demands on the Greek gov
ernment through the good offices of the French
Republic—having given orders to Vice Ad
miral Sir William Parker to suspend for a
reasonably limited period of time, lhe coercive
action of Her Majesty’s squadron, but never
tf.eless, to retain a Greek vessel actually in his
possession, or pledges in deposit, until a final
arrangement shall have been made. Orders
have consequently been given by Vice Admiral
Parker for ihe present free ingress and egress
of aft vessels actually in possession of Her
.Majesty’s squadron. This circular caused
great satisfaction in Athens; and trade appears
to ha«e immediately resumed its usual course
India andChina.—The overland mail from
Bombay to 16th, Calcutta to 17th February,
atid Hong-Kong to 30th January, arrived, in
England, on the 23d of March, the po'.itical
news possesses no interest—lhe whole of India
was perfectly tranquil.
France.—The elections have closed without
any disturbance whatever. Tne official dec
larations of the members returned from Paris
took place on Friday morning, when the three
Socialist candidates —Carnot, Vidal, and Def
iitie—were declared duly elected. The num
bers polled were as follows:—Carnot, 132,697;
Vidal, 128.439 ; Deflitte, 126,982 M Deflitte
1 lowest of lhe successful candidates, has a ma
jority of 1339 over Mr. Foye, the highest can
didale of the unsuccessful list. Very few per
r sons were present at the ceremony, and little
excitement was manifested.
The Patrie, which is looked upon as a semi
official paper, intimates that the Government
i will adopt prompt and effective means, by
which the Ultra democratic parly shall be res
trained.
The accounts from the Departments are
more favorable, the manufacturers in the prin
cipal low us being fully occupied.
■ As it regards the Departments all the returns
had not come in ; but as far as could be as-
I certained 11 Moderates and 14 Socialists had
been elected.
1 The total result of the elections appears to
- be that, of the 31 Representatives to be chosen
the Moderate party has succeeded in return
i ing 10, the others being Socialists, This
shows a gain for the Moderate party.
• The Times correspondent says: ‘‘Various
rumors are afloat of an approaching modifica
tion of lhe Ministry, but a change would make
the Cabinet stronger. M. Leon Fancher is
spoken of for the Interior, and M. de Broglie
or Mole for Foreign Affairs.” The same ru
mors add, that among the first acts of the new
Ministry will be the introduction of a bill
amending the electoral law, and another
obliging the proprietors of newspapers to de
posits certain money to the amount of 100,006
francs. it is scarcely necessary to say that
these rumors want confirmation. M. Carlie,
it is stated, wi'l remain in his post of Prefect
of Police. A meeting of the Orleanist party
takes place to-night.
The Chronicle's correspondent writes: “I
1 just learn that Mole and Thiers have consent
ed to take office, and to form a ministry. Il
is thought that Mole will be Minister of For
eigu Affairs, and Thiers Minister of the Inte
rior. The principal difficulty between lhe Pre
sident and the new Ministers is with respect to
the personal interference of lhe President of
the Republic in the affairs of the Government.
It is thought the President will make such con
cessions in these respects as will be satisfactory.
Piscatory and Leon Faucherwere offered seats
in the Cabinet before Mole and Thiers were
sent for, but they declined to separate from
1 their party.
The Moniteur, of March 16, publishes a de
> cree, signed by the President of the Republic,
appointing M. Baroche, Procureur-General of
the Court of Appeal, Minister of the Interior,
in the room of M. Ferdinand Barrot, resigned.
I Germany.— At the opening of the Chamber,
I on the 15th, the King of Wurtemburg declar
, edthata Unitarian State of Germany will be
nothing but a chimersa, and that if attempted to
1 be carried out, it would lead to the separation
• and dissolution of Germany itself.
The speech was greatly cheered, and pro
duced a favorable effect upon the people.
Italy.— The Paris Universe has the follow
ing:—Cardinal Antonelli has made known to
’ M. Reyneval, that the Holy Father had resolv
» ed to leave for Rome in the beginning of April,
and that that resolution was about to be com
municated officially to the Diplomatic Corps,
Prussia.— Advices from Berlin inform us
that the negotiations between the Courts of
Austria and Prussia for the definite constitu.
tion of a central government for Germany,
have entirely failed. The Paris cQjxesoondent
of the Morning Chronicle, says that the French
Government has received advices from Swit
i zerland, from which it appears that Prussia has
abandoned all claims upon Neufchatel, Stating
explicitly that she abandons her claims only
because she considers the sacrifice one which
she is bound lo make for the preservation of
the peace of Europe.
Denmark and the Duchies.— Advices from
Berlin state th >t General Rauch has returned
from his mission lo lhe Duchies of Schleswig
Holstein ; that he has failed in his object, and
that the hope of an understanding is further off
than ever.
There is an apprehension that England will
imperiously dictate the conditions of peace,
if its conciliatory efforts prove unavailing.
Austria and Hungary.— Five columns of
the Pesth Zeitung are filled with lhe sentences
passed by Court Martials upon the persons
who have been compromised in the late Hun
garian revolution. All the sentences of death
have been commuted to terms of imprisonment
in irons in the fortifications for periods of 12
and 16 years.
The Aurtrian Government has repealed Ba
ron Haynau’s tax on lhe Hungarian Jews, and
even promised to indemnify those who have
already paid the assessments.
Russia. — Accounts from every part of the
Empire speak of the remarkable state of the
weather. The alternations of heat and frost
have been quite unusual and severe, as the
winters in Russia generally are, the cold has
been more intense this year than in the inemojX
of man.
Liverpool Market.
Report for the Week ending March 22.—We
continue to be as dull as before in the Cotton market.
The only new feature in our proceedings is the in
creasing demand for export. Yesterday upwards of
2000 bales American were purchased for the conti
nent. But with this addition to our ordinary busi
ness we have still to reduce the quotations nearly |d
per lb. on all qualities of American, except perhaps
fair to good Orleans. The better descriptions of Lou
isiana growth being comparatively light in stock,
and somewhat more in demand, maintain their
ground steadily and firmly. The Committee of
Brokers place Fair Uplands at 6|d, Mobile at 6|d,
and Orleans at 6}d. There appears to be a fixed
determination on the part of consumers not to buy
Cotton until their stocks are completely exhausted.
Nor can this proceeding on their part be matter of
surprise, it being well known that a considerable
portion of the spinning trade is still an unremunera
tive and discouraging pursuit. It should not, how
ever, be altogether lost sight of, that these extremes,
come from what quarter they may, will in their turn
produce more or less of a reaction. 3520 American,
50 Maranham, and 20 Bahia have been taken on
speculation, and 5120 American, 720 Surat, and 1 ISO
Pernam for export. Sale?, of the week 30 490 bales,
of which the American descriptions were 170 bales
Sea Island U|a 16|d.; 10 stained do. Bd.; 11,260
Upland 5j a 7jd.; 2400 Mobile, &c., 5| a 6Jd.;
9190 Orleons 5f a Bjd.
LIVERPOOL, March 23.— Cotton.— The dull
ness pervading the market at the departure of the
Niagara has continued without interruption, and all
descriptions of American, except good and fair Or
leans, have declined |d. Sales first week about
26,000, of which speculators took 4000, and the ex
porters 3000. Sales last week 30,000, of which spe
culators took 3500 and exporters 7000 bales. Stock
of cotton at Liverpool 490,000 bales against 408.000
bales this time last year. The present excess of A
merican cotton over last year is estimated at 60,000
bales. Trade, &c., at Manchester continues dull
and spinners confine their purchases to the amallest
compass.
Com. — There is increased firmness, and in some
cases a slight advance over previous prices has been
l>aid —white 27s to 27s 6d; yellow 26s to 26s 9d.
Flour. — The better qualities in rather more de
mand. Western Canal 20s to 21s; Baltimore 22.
Special Notices
FOR SHERIFF.
are authorized to announce GEO.
G. STURGES, Esq., ae a candidate tor Sheriff of
Columbia county at the Election to take place on the
15th April next. uih22
gjf LVi star’s Balsam of Wild Cherry,
the Great Remedy for Consumption, and the best
medicine known to man for Asthma of every stage,
Liver Complaints, Bronchitis, Influenza, Coughs,
Colds, Bleeding of lhe Lungs, Shortness of Breath
Pains and Weakness in the Side, Breast, tec., and
all other diseases of the Pulmonary Organs.
BEWARE OP IMPOSITION!
The greater lhe value of any discovery, the high
er it is held in the esteem of the public, and so much
in proportion is that public liable to be imposed upon
by the spurious imitations of ignorant, designing and
dishonest men, who, like the drone in the hive, have
neither ths ability nor inclination to provide for them
selves, but thrive and luxuriate upon the earnings of
the deserving.
Now that this preparation is well known to be a
rnt-re certain cure for incipient Consumption, Asth
ma, Liver Complaint, Coughs, Bronchitis, and al
similar affections, lhan any other remedy ever
known, there will be, and now are found those so
villainously wicked as to concoct a spurious, and per
hips a poisonous mixture, and try to palm it off as
lhe genuine Balsam.
This is to caution dealer* and the public generally
again t purchasing any other than that having the
written signature of 1. Butts on the wrapper. The
rest merely imitate the name of the original, while
they possess none of its virtues.
Originally prepared by W illiams & Co , Phila
delphia, now prepared and sold, wholesale and re
tail, only by Seth W. Fowle, Boston, Mass., to
whom all orders should be addressed, and for sale
hy his agents throughout the country.
Buy none without the written signature of I
BUTTS on the wrapper, il you would avoid imposi
tion. For sale by Barrett, Carter & Co., Haviland,
Risley & Co., D. B. Plumb <fc Co., W. K. Kitchen
and P. A. Moise. Augusta. By H. C. Seymour A
Co., Madison. By Drs. Reese Ware, Athens.
By T. M Turner &Cc , Savannah. By Dr. P. M.
Cohen, Charleston ; and by Seth W. Fowle’s Agents
every where. aps-twAwf
i&omuimuiL
AUGUSTA MARKET.
Weekly Report,Tuesday, P. M.
COTTON. —Our market has had another quiet
week and a very limited business has been done but
prices are unchanged. The decline of fd. in Liver
pool not affecting our prices at all. Holders are not
offering their stock, but in very limited parcels, and
lhe sales of the week have not been over 1600 bales.
On lhe afternoon of the receipt of the accounts ths
market dropped from | to |e.; but this was fully re
gained the next day, and the market remains as at
the close of the last week with the exception that tbs
stock on sale is very light and the demand not active—
both buyers and sellers wailing further news from
Europe before they operate to any extent. We quote :
Inferior to ordinarylo£ a 10|
Good ordinary to middlinglOj a 11}
Good middlingllf a Il|
Middling fair to lairllf a 12
Good fair to choice —a
Round bales are generally sold at from | to |c. un
der these rates and is generally bought for home
manufacturers, whose purchases in our market reach
now over 5,000 boles.
The receipts of Cotton at all points now reach
,735,165 bales against 2,222,745 bales last year,
sb wing a deficiency of 487.590 bales. Telegraphic
reports make the deficiency even larger at the west,
but we confine our tables to the statements received
by mail. After this date last year the receipts were
505,851 bales. Below we give the receipts of the
two la&t years that our readers may keep the facts
before them, that the deficiency is not only large in
bales but in pounds, the weights of the bales of Flo
rida, Alabama and New Orleans averaging generally
about 15 per cent, more than the balej of the Atlan
tic States, which fact must tend at the end of the sea
, son to make lhe deficiency of Coitou greater than the
number of bales represent it.
' Receipts of Crop of 1R49- 1848.
1 New Orleans, Sept. 11,093,097 1 190,733
Mobile, 518,706 436,336
1 Florida, “ 200,186 153 776
- Texas, ' “ 38,827 39,742
s South Carolina, “ 458,117 261,752
s Virginia, “ 391,372 254,822
North Carolina, “ 10,041 1,51E
Virginia, “ 17,550 8,95 i
g 2,728,596 2,347,634
i- Receipts up to latest dales.
n 1850. 1849-
•- Charleston, Anril 4291,522
e Savannah, April 2272,067 296,«?t
New Orleans, April 2692,213 c96,70x
i. Mobile, March 29 29®,4| 2 459.2 S
Florida, March 27147,490 L2,49i
“ iexas, March 27 20,3 0 21.76 i
y North Carolina, March 23«»» 7,749 5,295
*' Virginia, April 1 7,350 8,87(
e I 1,735,165 2,222,74!
J Total
Stock on hand.
~v , 1849-50. 1843--9.
GhurlMton, April 4 58,572 59,881 .
Savannah, April 2 46,136 37,937
New Orleans, April 2 213,324 244,643
i 2?. ob -’i 8 ’ *’ arell29 106,300 117,621
Florida March 27 35 057 44,919
Texas, March 27 1,450 800
North Carolina, March 23-..• 510 550 ’*
Virginia, April 1 950 JJQO
462,299 506,451
Decrease in Mocks 44 | 5 2
Stock in N. York, March 26-. 103,533 88 365
„ . u ..■ Ex P orU - 1849-50. 1847-8.
Great Britain 591,328 995,314
Other Foreign Ports-........ 104,618 188,546
Total foreign exports 886,242 1,389,574
Decrease in foreign exports 603,332
Shipments to Northern ports- ..568,710 540,71°
Increase to the north . .27,99.
The only point, it will be seen, where there is any
increase is Virginia, where the home consumption ii
counted in the receipts, and the statement ianotenade
up generally until the last of lhe season. We else
give this week, for our readers’ information the re
ceipts of this week in 1848, when tbe crop reached
2,347,634 taler, that they may see that we
have fallen considerably behind (bat year with all
the advantages we have had this year of good rivers,
and extended Railroads.
New Orleans, April 2 ”927,902
Mobile, March 29 390,911
Charleston, April 4«. ••191,744
Savannah, Apnl 2 159,956
Florida, March 27 107,588
Texas, March 27 23,789
North Carolina. March 27 534
Virginia, April 1 3,425
I otal receipts - 1,805,849
REMARKS—The general business of the city
continues uncommonly heavy for the season of the
year. Buildings are going up in alt parts of the city
—Real Estate daily improving in value—Mechanics
all employed—Building materials getting scarce—
and, further to increase the trade of the city, Plank
Roads in contemplation to Waynesboro, Louisville,
and Sandersville.
DRY GOODS, HARDWARE, &c.-Oiir whole
sale as well as retail trade continues good ; and we
noticed during the past week, packages at the stores
ofour merchants, marked for Alabama, Tennessee,
N. Carolina and our own State. Tbe stocks of goods i
are large, and prices as low as can be purchas- 1
ed in any other Southern city.
SUGARS. —The stocks of Sugars are on the de
crease. Prices remain low, froja 5j a 7 cents for
good Orleans; 6f a 8 cents for Porto Rico and Santa
Cruz.
COFFEE.—This article keeps depressed, and
prices have a downward tendency. Sales made
from 13 a 14 cents ; a large lot could not be sold un
less at considerable lower prices*
MOLASSES.—Stock heavy of West India, and
on the increase by late arrivals of New Orleans.—
Prices remain unchanged.
LIQUORS. —Stock abundant Prices as last re
ported.
GRAIN. —Receipts of Corn are on the increase.
Last sale of shell'd, in small lots, at 65c.
BACON.—Receipts heavy. Sales of 30,000 lbs.,
hog round, at 5 cents, 4 months. Several small lots
of choice curing have been sold at 5f a sj, and Lard
at same price.
OILS. —Some small parcels of Western Linseed
and Castor Oil have been received and met with
ready sale. Linseed 95, Castor 2.10 a $2.20 per
gallion.
FEATHERS.—Stock in market light. Retail
prices remain at 33c.
SALT.—lmportations into Savannah last week
7000 sacks. Receipts at Augusta 3000 sacks—we
heard of no sales.
EXCHANGE. —Checks on the North are held
by some of our Banks at f per cent premium, and
•are sold by others at par.
BANK STOCKS, &c.—lhe Augusta Manufac
turing Co. have declared their quarterly dividend
of 3 per cent, equal to 12 per cent per annum.
FREIGHTS. —The Boats are still bringing up
lull cargoes of merchandize for our city and the
merchants ofthe interior. But in down freights
both the Boats and the Carolina Railroad are doing
but a limited business.
MARRIED
On Sunday, the 7th inst., by the Rev. George F.
Pearce, Mr. William O. BoHLKaand Mies Sarah
A. Hubbard, both of this city.
At Appling, on Thursday evening, the 4th inst.,
by the Rev. J. S. Dunn, Mr. E. T. Jones and Miss
M. D. Wright, all of Columbia empty.
SUMMERVILLE ACADEMY,
(Sand Hills, Augusta )
THE EXERCISES of this Institution will
be resumed on tbe First day of MAY next.
The plan of Studies embraces an extensive course of
Grecian, Roman, French, and Ebglish Literature,
together with the Mathematics. Pupils received
for a period not less than a quarter, but for any length
ol time beyond that, and charged accordingly. No
deduction made for subsequent absence or with
drawal, except in cases of prvtracted i Iness. Terms
per quarter, English, $9; Greek, Latin and Mathe
matics, sl2; French, an additional fee of $1 per
month. On application to that effect, either by set
bal or written communication, the Principal would
accommodate a few pupils with board.
ap9-w4 LEWIS M. CORMIGK.
TEACHER WANTED.
LIBERAL wages will be given to a good En
glish Teacher, with good, moral character, to
take charge of a School at the Kiokee Academy in
Columbia county, eighteen miles above Augusta, on
the Washington road. Applv to
C. COLLINS, or
aplo-w3PETER KNOX.
A CARD
A GENTLEMAN and his Lady, native Geor
gians, possessing considerable experience in
Teaching, have just returned from the North, after
an absence of two years. Their object in going was
to prepare themselves more thoroughly for Teaching.
He has graduated atone of the first Colleges in New
Y ork. A profitable situation for himself alone would
ba acceptable, but it would be more agreeable tor
both io teach together. For particulars, address J.
L. R., Washington, Ga. aplo-w4*
COW PEAS
A SUPERIOR article for Planting. For tile
by aplo-w2 ROYAL & MURPHEY.
IMPORTANT GEORGIA CERTIFICATE.
—Columbia County, Ga., April 9, 1850.
This is to certify that my negro woman, who has
been afflicted with a dreadful Cough, and threatened
with Consumption for the last twelve months, has
been entirely cured by the übj of Dr. Jackson’s
Compound Syrup of Wild Cherry Bark. I have
also used it upon myself whilst laboring under a se
vere cough and cold, and it cured me by the use of
one bottle. I ther fore feel it to be my duty to re
commend this valuable medicine to ail |>ersons ae
being the very best article for coughs, colds, &c., I
have ever seen or heard of Jesse Clark.
This medicine is for Rale in Augusta only by
PHILIP A. MOISE, Druggist,
Metcalf’s Range.
Price JBS cents per bottle. aplO
THE BALTIMORE WEEKLY
AMERICAN,
Compendium of News and Prices Current.
UNDER the above title the Editors of tbe Ame
rican have commenced the publication of a
Weekly paper, to be issued every Saturday morning
in time to tie despatched by the earliest mails. The
pages of i*s ample sheet will contain all tbe news of
rhe week ; selections of u useful, entertaining and
li’erary character; and also the full, complete and
reliable Review of the Baltimore market published
in rhe daily and iri-weekly American. It will take
rank among the very largest weekly papers, and in
the contents of its thirty two columns will be found
as much reading matter as will fill a fair-sized duo
decimo volume. The design is to make it an ac
ceptable medium of information, furnished at so low
a rate as to be accessible to all. The terms of sub
scription to “ lhe Baltimore Weekly American' 1
are as follows.*
One copy, per annum $2 CO
Three copies, when directed to one address- • • • 5.00
Six copies, do do do 'J.OO
Ten copies, do do do ...-13-00
Twenty copies, do do do •• ••24.00
Payable invariably in advance, and tbe paper in
no case continued beyond the time for whicb it is
paid. ap2-4
Wm. Gibbon. | Jkbbz M. Jones.
GIBSON JONES,
attorneys at law.
WARRENTON, GEO.,
Will practice in all the counties of the North
ern and Columbia, Washington and Jefferson, of
the Middle Circuit, and the Supreme Court of the
State of Georgia. ap9-wly
SSO RE WARD.”
n STOLEN from the Subscriber, living aL
Calhoun, Anderson District, S. C., on
Thursday 21st ult., a bay HORSE, about 15 hands
» high, Bor 9 years old, cress fallen, slightly hipped
. inlhe right hip, right bind foot white, white streak
in tbe face, marked with collar, heavy mane and
f i til, pices, trotsand canters, very up headed, easily
' frightened with a gun. The above horse was de
i livered on trust, Monday previous (18th instant) toa
ni tn, the thief, calling himself Willis Johnson, who
said he was from Greenville District, near Glassy
Rock, or neighborhood of Tiger M. H. He is about
25 years of age, some 5 feet 10 inches high, black
hair and whiskers, f«le blue eyes or grayish, rather
slow to speak, and has a down-cast look —carried oil
a pair of saddle bags with him marked James M.
Gambrel at top of outer pocket. I will give c2O for
the recovery of the horse, or SSO for both.
a p9»3 7 W. D. GILKISON.
FIRM heretofore exist ng in this City,
I 1 under the style of Owens & Robinson, wms
dissolved, by mutual consent, on the Ist inst., by the
sale of the Stock, dkc., to W. J. Owens, by whom
J the business will be continued, and all the transac
’ tions of the Partnership settle;!.
, W. J. OWEN,
PHILIP ROBINSON.
r gs AVING purchased the interest of P. Robcn
ffi son, in the late firm of Owens & Robinson,
I beg leave to inform the customers of the firm, and
the public that I shall continue the Grocery business
B at the same place. WILLIAM J. OWENS.
ap9-d3&w2
n “MEXICAN BURR OR PANAMA
3 COTTON SEED.”
“ ’■pilOSE who desire these superior Cotton SF,U»
° JL uiuy uhlan them of Me«sw. D»w«>o <fc Crock
l er, Doughty & Beall, and Dye, Heard & of Au
,2 gusta it a reduced price—in sacks of 3 bushels
t n( T "° BEGLEY.
® Troup eo., Ga., March 30, 1350. tw&w2w
“ MONTHS after date, application will
be made to the Honorable the inferior Court
of Jefferson county, when ntting a» a eoort of ordi
oary, f.r leave to sell the Real Estate belonging to
11 Mary Jane Lawson, minor of Roger M. Lawson.
16 ROGER M. LAWSON, Guardia..
>2 Maieb 31, 1850.
® MONTHS afterdate, application will
*6 t, e made to the Honorable lhe Court of Ordioa-
ry of Warreo county, when sitdog for ordiomy pur
pises for leave to -ell the Land and Negroes ol Mid
r6 dleton Hilsoo, loie of Warren county, 6«teasjd
Mitch 29, 1850. ADAM JONES, Adm r.
. MA MM...A lew Rack ages or One Bacon HAM JO
i i H fow' WiLCOX A CO.
3