Newspaper Page Text
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Th« Senate took up ‘he Adjustment Bill.
After debate, the amendment of Mr. Chase
was rejected—yeas 25. nays 30.
Mr. Jefferson Davis’ amendment was also re
iected—yeas 25, nays 30.
jf r . Seward moved the Wilmot Proviso,
which was rejected—yeas 23, nays 33, as fol
-10 Yeas—Messrs. Baldwin, Bradbury. Bright:
Chase, Clarke. Cooper, Corwin, Davis, of
Mass ; Dayton, Dodge, ofWis.t Doglass,
Fetch. Greene, Hale, Hamlin, Miller. Norrie,
Seward, Shields, Smith, Upham, Walker, and
Whitcomb—23.
Nays —Messrs. Atchison. Badger, Beu, Ben
ton Berrien, Butler, Cass, Clsy, Davis, of
Miss.; Dawson, Dickinson, Dodge, of lowa,
Downs, Foote. Houston, Hunter, Jones,
King, Mangum, Mason, Morton, Pierce, Pratt,
Rusk, Sebastian, Soule, Spruance. Sturgeon,
Quincy, Underwood. Webster. Yulee—33.
Absent —Messrs. Borland, Phelps, Wales, one
vacancy.
Mr. Berrien’s amendment, prohibiting the
judiciary from passinglaws either excluding or
establishing slavery was agreed to leas3o;
nays 27.
The Senate then adjourned.
House,
On motion of Mr. McLane, of Md. the
rules were suspended and the House resolved
itself into Committee of the Whole on the
State of the Union, and resumed the conside
ration of the California question.
Mr. Jones of Tennessee, gave notice of his
intention to offer as a substitute for the bill of
Mr. Doty, a bill to admit California as a state
into the Union: to establish territorial govern
ments for Utah and New Mexico ; and making
proposals to Texas for the establishment of her
Western and Northern boundaries.
Mr. Jones said this bill was the compromise
bill of Mr. Olay.amended in such manner, he
believed, as made it practicable as a measure of
compromise. He had stricken out of the 10th
and 17th sections of said bill, which defined the
legislauve powers of the territories of Utah
and New Mexico, the words,-‘nor in respect
to the African slave trade." The bill of Mr.
Clay withholds from these territories the power
to pass laws in respect to the African slave
trade, but this bill, by omitting the words indi
cated, leaves the option with the territorial le
gislatures to pass laws upon the subject con
sistent with the constitution of the United
States and the provisions of this act.
The bill of Mr. Clay, in tne proposition to
Treat for the adjustment of the boundary be
tween that State and New Mexico, provides,
"that the Northern boundary of said State shall
be as follows: Beginning at a point on the
Rio del Norte, commonly called El Pasco, and
running up the river twenty miler measured by
a straight line.”
In this bill the words in italics above are
omitted, and the words "where the 34th de
gree of North latitude crosses said river"—
thus making the 34th degree of North lati
tude the compromise l 0 {he hill of M~
Clay the following, viz:—
Provided, That nothing in this act contain
ed, shall be so construed as in any manner to
impair the right of the State of Texas to the
territory as claimed by her, in the eveut that
the terms proposed to said State of Texas
should not be accepted.
After some remarks by Mr. Jones, in favor
ofhis substitute . Mr. Dunham took the door
upon the general question. He was followed
bv Mr. Tuck, Mr. Johnson, of Tennessee,
and Mr. Lane, of Kentucky, after which the
House adjourned.
In Senate Juste 6.
The resolution for ehanging the hour of the
meeting of the Senate from 12 to 11 o’clock,
was after some discussion passed.
The adjustment bill was taken up, and Mr.
Walker moved an amendment, restricting the
people of the territories from making peon
contracts.
Mr. Walker spoke at length against the sys
tem of peonage.
Mr. Foote argued that the system of peon
age was not understood. We were wandering
in the dark, and knew nothing about the sub
ject. No one here had ever seen a peon con
tract.
Mr. Hunter and Mr. Davis, of Miss., op
posed the amendment.
Mr. Davis., of Miss., stated that the system
of peonage was not confined to Indians. He
opposed the intermeddling with articles res
pecting personal contracts. He denied the
right of the United States to impair these con
tracts.
Mr. Dayton moved to amend the amend
ment so as to restrict its operations to future
contracts. This was lost—yeas 23, nays 28.
Mr. Dickinson opposed Mr. Walker’s
amendment on the ground that it would em
barrass thia bill. Peonag ought to be got nd
of, and it would bo iu due time.
The question was taken on Mr. Walker’s
amendment, and it was decided in the negative
—yeas 20, nays .32.
Mr. Yulee moved an amendment extending
the Constitution of the United States to the
territories as far as applicable.
A d< bite followed.
Mr i. Idwin offered the Wilmot Proviso
in ano her form.
Mr. Clay opposed it, and in an animated
manner, called for prompt and speedy ac
tion.
After some debate, the amendment of Mr.
Baldwin was rejected. Yeas, 23; nays, 32.
Adjourned.
House.
Mr. Robinson, of Ala., made an ineffectual
effort to introduce a resolution providing that
after Monday next, the daily hour of meeting
Os the House should bo at 11 o’clock A. M.
On motion by Mr. Stephens, of Georgia,
the rules were suspended and the House re
solved into commilte ol the Whole, and re-
the California qnes-
Mr. Tuck advocated the admission of Cali
fornia.and expressed his views against the fur
ther extension of slavery.
Mr Dimmick of Philadelphia expressed his
opposition to the Wilmot Proviso. He wns
in favor of the admission of California.
Mr. Bowie, of Md., made a very powerful
speech, in which he characterized the contest
now waged by the anti slavery men, as one in
which they wanted to force through the ballot
box upon other men, principles which were
with mem matters of conscience, thus to make
our Government a religoua instead of a polit
ical institution.
He expressed bis views against the abolition
of slavery in the District of Columbia, arguing
that it would be a violation of the compact by
which the cession was made br Maryland of
her territory to the federal Government for a
seat of Government. Mr. B. finally denounc
ed the Wilmot Proviso ; am after highly eu
logizing Mr. Clay expressed liis views of the
compromise bill introduced by that Senator,
and his determination to support it.
Mr. Dickey expressed his views against the
institution of slavery. Adjourned till 8
o’clock.
Iu Senate Jumk 7.
After some unimportant business, the Sen
ate resumed the adjustment bill.
Mr. Clemens offered his amendment, here
tofore indicated, declaring that the title of Tex
as to the territory denied by her, by act of
Congress in 1836, is good, and is hereby con
firmed. The word “recognized’’ was after
wards adopted by Mr. Clemens, instead of
" confirmed ”
A debate followed, in which Messrs. Rusk,
Hale. Davis, of Miss., Douglass, Clay, Clem
ens, Cass, Berrien and Buller took part.
Mr. Foote indicated an amendment to tho
amendment declaring that the Slate of Texas,
without regard to the proposed reduction of
boundaries, shall be a slave-holding State—or
not be deprived of the right to hold slaves.
Messrs. Mason and Webster spoke at some
length on the subject, and in reference to the
mode of settling me controversy between Tex
as and New Mexico.
Mr. Webster did not finish his remarks, but
gave '"ay to the request of Senators around
him io take the question on Mr. Clemens's
amendment.
The question being taken, the amendment
was rejected : yeas 17, nays 37, as follows:
Yitas—- Messrs. Atchison, Borland, Butler,
Clemens, Davis, ol Miss., Downs, Foote,
Houston, Hunter. King, Masou, Morton,
Pratt, Rusk. Sebastian, Soule. Turney—l7.
Nays—Messrs Badger, Baldwin, Bell. Ben
ton, Berrien, Bright, Cass Chase Clarke,
Clay, Cooper, Corwin. Davis, of Mass.. Daw
son, Dayton, Dickinson, Dodge, of Wis..
Dodge, of lowa, Douglas. Greene, Hale. Ham
lin, Jones Mangum, Miller, Norr.s, Pierce,
Seward, Shields, Smith, Spruance. Sturgeon,
Underwood, Upham, Walker, Webster, Whit
comb—37.
House.
On motion of Mr. Rush, the rules were sus
pended, and the House resolved itself into
Committee of the Whole on the state of the
Union, (Mr. Boyd in the Chair) and resumed
the consideration of the California question.
Mr. Richardson gave notice that he would at
the proper lime introduce as a substitute for
the bill of Mr. Doty to admit California as a
State, a bill to admit California as a State into
the Union, and to establish a Territorial Go
vernment for New Mexico.
Mr. Hubbard and Mr. William*, of Tenn ,
both gave notice of their intention to offer, at
the proper time, amendments to the bill before
the House.
The debate was then resumed, and Messrs.
Caldwell. Root and Duncan severally address
ed the House.
The House then took a recess till 8 o’clock,
P M.
Axothxr Rsvolotiosakv SoloikrGosk.—
The Gritfin Whig announces the death at his re
sidence in Henry Couuty, on the 30th ult. of
Fxkkibl Ctot’o in the 97th year of his age.
Few men who held no higher rank than Mr-
Cloud, did more service in the cause of his
country during her struggles for freedom, and
in repelling the invasions of the various tribes
of Indians. He was born in the year 1753,
and at an early age joined the army under the
command of Gen. Elijah Clarke—was with
him at his first battle with the British, at Eno
ree, South Carolina—was with him at the bat
t!e« of Kettle Creek. Wofford's Iron Works
Musgro\e*s Mills, King’s Mountain. Fish Dam
Ford, on Broad River, Long Cane Creek,
where Clarke was wounded, and at the siege
of Augusta- Mr. Cloud was also with Gen.
Clarke at the hard fought battle against the In
dians at Jack's Creek, in 1787.
Hearses Ze. JniudcA.—We were visited
la*t evening bv a severe thunder storm ; and
this morning the sidewalks and streets were
cover* d with a yellowish substance, which, on
being analysed bv chemists, was pronounced
to be sulphur.—Com. .4 dr.
Trvx Cotto, C«or.-W e hue conversed
with veveril ol our farmers lately, who mtorm
us that the liee are rapidly completing the des
truction of their eolton plants. We know of
a number who are ploughing up their fields at
this late day for the purpose of replanting.
Koenusvo (Mias ! Ckrvuicfo. 31« uir.
np TT p w rp ir IVI
JI JLJLJu YY JuJuJIVJUj A
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
DAILY, TRLWEEKLY & WEEKLY.
Officein Railroad Bank Buildings.
DAILY PAPER.perannum (sentby mail,) 87 oo
TRI WEEKLY “ “ 4uo
WEEKLY PAPER “ 2 00
~AUGUSTA. GA.:
WEDNESDAY MORNING,... TUNE 12.
Resources of the South*
“In my travels through the South I am truly as
tonished at the niiny advantages she has over the
North, and yet so few of them are properly appreci
ated. As Cotton Manufacturing is my business my
attention was naturally directed to an examination of
the resources possessed by the South for that business,
and from the fact that she possesses a superior cli
mate and water-power together with the fact that the
material for manufacturing is grown abundantly even
in sight of the mills, I am compelled tu believe that,
with the proper employment of her powers, she will
outstrip the North.”
The above extract from the letter of an in
telligent northern manufacturer, traveling in
the Southern States, is worthy the attention of
Southern men.
His mind has been forcibly impressed with
the truths which we have for years been endea
voring to enforce upon the attention of the
South ; that of our superior advantages over
the North in the manufacture of Cotton. He
has seen our vast water-power on every river,
creek and rivulet, wasting itself, almost entire
ly unappreciated, within sight of our cotton
Helds. His sagacious mind has led him to in
vestigate the price of labor and living at the
South, and the developments have satisfied one
of his experience and intelligence of our ad
vantages, and he frankly makes the confession
in the letter from which we have clipped the
extract,
Here we have the raw material at our doors,
every variety of power at our command, as
cheap labor and cheaper living than they have in
New England, with nearly equal facilities for
transporting the manufactured goods to mar
ket, and yet our people hesitate to enter into
a competition which can alone result in
riching themselves, improving the
uk—: -- t J nnrrr..?
general prosperity. This certainly evinces a
want of enterprise which is culpable in a peo
ple who could render themselves independent
and prosperous above any other in the world.
Is there any good and sufficient reason why
our Cotton should be transported io the north
or Europe to be manufactured, and then re
turned here, compelling the consumers to pay
the expenses of transportation both ways, and
the price of manufacturing, all of which goes
to enrich others ? What would be thought of
the planters of the Southern States if they de
clined to purchase gins, and therefore were
under the necessity of sending their seed cot
ton to the North or Europe to - be ginned, and
then bring the seed back to plant ? It would
be pronounced by every man most consummate
folly, and yet there is a strong parallel between
such a policy and declining to embark in the
manufacture of cotton by our people.
The southern country is now prosperous,
and there is abundant capital in every South
ern State, to erect numerous cotton factories;
and we owe it to patriotism,, and an enlarged
and liberal philanthropy, to say nothing of
self interest, to engage with zeal and energy
in the work. Build up cotton factories every
where, throughout the South, and they will
bring other factories in their train. So that a
few years will see us exporting millions, where
now we export only thousands or are impor
ters of articles of prime necessity.
•* If the Press is any indication of the state of
public sentiment, die voice of this part of Alabama
is in favor of the Compromise Bills. The Athens
Herald, Florence Gazette and Huntsville Democrat
—three prominent and influential democratic papers
—are for the plan. No Whig paper in the State has
come out against it. The opposition iu this State,
proceeds from tho old Nullifying taint —wherever
that once existed, there the Compromise is opposed.
In Tennessee and Kentucky both parties are emu
lous in its advocacy. In Georgia the feeling io its
favor predominates among W nigs and Democrats.
Every Whig paper in Virginia goes for the plan ex
cept one—and the Richtn ind Enquirer is for it, ami
it is potential. North Carolina is for the plan.
South Carolina opposes it—only one paper favoring
it, that is the Charleston Courier. Mississippi is
divided upon the quesuon. Louisiana is, we think,
for it. Maryland will support the plan. There is
no doubt, we think, but that the people of the South
are willing to take the Compromise as a Compro
mise. objectionable us are sc.no of its features. The
whole country anxiously desires a settlement of the
questions iu dispute, and the restoration of peace and
harmony.”
The above extracts from the Huntsville Ad
vocate, present vve think a very fair statement
of public sentiment at the South in reference
In rnmnrnmi.n an Tar ..our t .iiaeryalipn
form an opinion. In Georgia certainly the
conservative men of both parties favor its
adoption, although most of them would pre
fer some slight modifications—nevertheless, as
a peace, offering and as a measure which
promises to restore quiet and harmony to the
country, they are willing to accept it as a
whole. The ultra men, however, like the fa
natics of the iNorth, oppose it moat inveterate
ly- Nor are we disappointed in their oppo
sition ; many of them would not be satisfied
with any settlement of the question. They
desire agitation, because, by thatt hey hope to
so alienate the two sections as thereby finally to
secure a dissolution of the Union, which is the
object of their highest ambition. We rejoice
however in the confident belief that tho peo
ple will disappoint their furides anticipations
by demanding of Congress an adjustment of
the question upon tho basis of Mr. Clay's
compromise.
Since the foregoing v/as in type, we have
received the Washington correspondence of
Baltimore Sun, which contains the following
extracts from a recent letter of Judge Shar
key, of Mississippi, President of the Nashville
Convention, to Senator Foors, which sustains
fully our views of public sentiment in Missis
sippi :
“1 have watched your course with great interest.
I am not i* politician, and, I flatter myself s ifficiently
above party biis to view events dispassionately.
Your whole course on the com|Hrouiise question is
commend i ble. • • • ♦
“ We must take things as they are, and not as we
would have them, and shape our conduct according
to exigencies. It would have been fully to have in
sisted on what you and. I may regard as rictly South
ern rights. Nothing could have been obtained by
that course. If vhe compromise can be adopted, our
honor at least is mfe. Indeed it secures the princi
ple for which we have been contending. The mass
of the Southern people wouhl be content with it.—
True, it d<’e*» not suit all men. ♦ ♦ Could you do
any ling that would please all even of your own par
ty ? I think not. Ultra men can never be pleased.
• • Take my word for it, conservative men will
approve your course. The whig? generally approve
it, and the moderate men of your own party. In
abort, I think it will be approved by the people.”
I will proceed to answer your specific interroga
tory. After stating the term* of the compromise as
agreed on by the committer, if I mistake them not,
you a»k ‘ would we be justifiable in supporting this
|4<in of seltleiueut ?’ I think you would. I would do
so were 1 in your place. 1 hare conversed with
many men of both patties on this subject, and I do
not think I can be mistaken in saying you will be
sustained in that course. A few, chiefly of your own
party, would not approve, but ! think the number
would be small. Indeed, I think if the compromise
can be accomplished, it will be a subject of general
rejoicing in ibis State. I say this, too, wlul.-t I would
oppose the admission cf California as a distinct (*ro
position, not ou constitutional grounds, but for other
reasons. Ido not see how any man can oppose its
admission on constitutional grounds, in view ol the
plain provision in that instrument, and the practice of
the government under it in the admission of several
Slates. In leod, I have found but few men of either
(tarty (and I have conversed with many i bold enough
to oppose its admission on const notional grounds.
All other questions are for Congress to determine.
The truth is, this California issue is s new one. It
was kept out of the October convention very proper
ly, and it sh ill be kept out of the Nashville Conven
tion If 1 can have any influence. The compromise
is iu ether respects f.ec from just ground of objection ;
or, if it be not, it is the best we can get, and why op
pose it?”
Lighting the City with Gas.
Wk are gratified to learn that at a special
meeting of Council yesterday afternoon a res
olution was adopted, to subscribe an amount
not exceeding $20,000. to the stock of the
Augusta Gas Light company No action of
the Council could have given us more satisfac
tion unless it had been to increase the sub
scription ; for the manner in which the City
has been lighted for several years has exhibited
a niggardly parsimony, reflecting equally upon
the authorities and the citizens, who quietly
submitted to it.
Gboxgia Kailboad.—Comparative statement of
the business of the Georgia Railroad for the month
of May 1849 and 1850:
Passengers. Freight, Mail,&c. Amounts.
1650, 515,503 05 525.991 55 $44,494 60
1649, 11,457 09 18.401 39 29,658 46
Increase, $4,045 96 $10,590 16 $14,636 12
< onnkcticut Senator. —The Legislature
made another ettort on Wednesday last to elect
a United States Senator. The vote on the
last ballot stood—Baldwin, whig. 94; Tore kt,
dem.. 88 ; Niles, Free soil. 15: Clkv vi and,
tree soil, 9; Ingham. dem , b. and two scatter
ing. The elec ion was postponed till Wednes
day next
Louts McLane, late of Delaware, now of
Maryland, and formerly Secretary of State and
Minister to Great Britain, has addressed a let
ter to Mr. Foote, of Mississippi, strongly in fa
ot the Compromise, and expressing his
cordial wwb for its success.
Mr. Webster’s Fugitive Slave Bill.
On the 3d inst. Mr. Webster introduced
into the Senate the following bill, for the re- (
clamation of fugitive Slaves. In introducing
it Mr- W. took occasion to remark as follows:
“ At an early period of the session I turned my at
tention to the subject of preparing a bill respecting
the reclamation of fugitive slaves, or of preparing
certain amendments to the existing law on that sub
ject. In pursuance of this purpose, I conferred with
some of the moat eminent members of the profession,
and especially with a high judicial authority, who
has had more to do with questions of this kind, I pre
sume, than any other judge in the United States.
After these consultations and conferences, as early
as in February I prepared a bill amendatory of the
act of 1793, intending, when a proper time came, to
lay it before the Senate for its consideration. I now
wish to present the bill to the Senate unaltered and
precisely as it was when prepared in February last.”
The bill was then laid on the table and ordered to
be printed as follows :
A Bill amendatory of “An act respecting fugitives
from justice and persons escaping from the service
of their masters,” approved February 12, 1793.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, That the provisions of the said
act shall extend to the territories of the United States ;
and that the commissioners who now are, or who
may hereafter be appointed by the circuit courts of
the United States, or the district courts where circuit
courts are not established, or by the territorial courts
of the United Slates, all of which courts are author
ized and required to appoint one or more commission
ers in each county to take acknowledgments of bail
and affidavits, and also to take depositions of witness
es in civil causes, and who shall each, ur any judge
ol the United States, on complaint being made oi
oath to him that a fugitive from labor is believed to be
within the Stale or territory in which he lives, issue
his warrant to the marshal of the United States, or to
any other person who shall be willing to serve it, an
thorizing an arrest of the fugitive, if within the State
or territory, to be brought before him or some other
commissioner or judge of the United States court
within the State or territory, that the right of the per
son claiming the services of such fugitive may be
examined. And on the hearing, depcsition duly au
thenticated. and parol proof, shall be heard to estab
lish the identity of the fugitive and the right of the
claimant, and also to show that slavery is established
in the State from which the fugitive absconded. And
if on such hearing the commissioner or judge shall
find the claim to the services of the fugitive, as as
serted, sustained by the evidence, he shall make out
a certificate of the material facts proved and ofhis
judgment thereon, which he shall sign, and which
shall be conclusive of the right of the claimant or his
agent to take the fugitive back to the State from
whence he fled. Provided, that if the fugitive shall
deny that he owes service to the claimant under the
laws of the State where he was held, and after being
duly cautioned as to the solemnities and consequences
of an oath, shall swear to the same, the commissioner
or judge shall forthwith summon a jury of twelve
men to try the right of the claimant, who shall be
sworn to try the cause according to evidence, and the
commissioner or judge shall preside at the trial, and
determine the of
missioner shall receive ten dollars in each case tried
by him, as afoiesaid, the jurors fifty cents each, and
the marshal or other person serving the process shall
receive five dollars for serving the warrant on each
fugitive, and for mileage and other services the same
as are allowed to the marshal for similar services,
to be examined and allowed by the commissioner or
judge, and paid by the claimant.
The proviso to this bill, after the late speech
of Mr. Webster, and his reply to the citizens
of Newburyport, we confess surprises us,
because, it is not of such a character as those
expositions of his views led us to expect from
him. With a full knowledge of »he feeling of
hostility which the citizens of the free states
are known to entertain toward the reclama
tion of slaves, and their disposition to inter
pose every obstacle, to thwart the owners ef
forts, we apprehend few persons will attempt
to reclaim their slaves, if this bill become a
law. For under the influence of the debasing
and degrading, “higher power” doctrine avow
ed by Mr. Seward, jurors would find little
difficulty in setting them at liberty, whatever
might be the evidence.
We have no objection to the incorporation
in the bill of the right of trial by jury, if the
fugitive be remanded back, as a fugitive from
justice, to the place whence he fled, there to
have his rights passed upon- This right of
trial by jury is already accorded by the laws
ofour own State, and we believe by all the
other slaveholding States, to all those who are
claimed as slaves,yet nevertheless assert their
right to freedom. And we believe there is no
instance on record where full and ample jus
tice has not been done them by a fair and im
partial trial—indeed we know of no case
where they have beeu able to make out even
a plausible claim to freedom, that the sympa
thies of the community have not been with
them, and agaiust the parties claiming to own
them.
Besides, it is eminently proper to secure the
ends of justice, that they should be brought
back to the Slate whence they fled, because
there the evidence exists of their condition,
and it is much easier and less expensive to
transporta single man than a number of wit
nesses.
We cannot believe, however, that the major
ity in Congress, will be so regardless of the
rights of slaveholders as to pass this bill, it
would certainly be a virtual negative of the
Constitutional obligation, hence we need not
trespass upon the indulgence of the reader
with further comments.
Wheat Premiums.
Winter to the Columbus Times, because we
anticipate from such enteiprize the most flat
tering results to the future prosperity and inde
pendence of the South. The diversifying the
labor of the South is what we have long want
ed, and nothing is so well calculated to accom
plish the great desideratum as the building up
of Factories and Mills, which shall give us a
home market for our breadstuff's, and thereby
infuse into our agriculturists a disposition to
raise grain and improve their lands. The evi
dences are daily multiplying around us that
this spirit is growing, and every where indica
tions of prosperity and independence are visi
ble, and we feel confident that our people, now
that they are beginning to reap the rewards of
their enterprize, will “take no step backward.
Progress is inscribed in iodellible characters
upon their banner and by a prudent invest
ment of our surplus capita!, and a proper di
versity of labor, we may become the most pros
perous and independent people in the Union:
Mr. Editor —You will please announce to the
Planters of Georgia and Alabama, that I offer the fol
lowing prizes lor Wheat of their production, which
may be sold in this market by the first day of Janu
ary next.
For the best sample of Fifty Bushels or more of
similai variety of grain, Silver Plate ol the value of
One Hundred Dollars.
For the second beet sample, like quality and grain,
Silver plate nt the value of Fifty Dollars.
The award to be made by disinterested planters,
and the recipients of prizes to have the plate in any
form that may suit their fancies.
In consi qucnce of the failure of last year’s crop,
there were out few competitors (or the Prizes then
offered, but I have the satisfaction of knowing that
they induced a spirit of emulation among he plant
ers, that must result, greatly to the beneftt ofour
noule States. John G. Winter.
Columbus, June 4,1850.
Fire.
Th© alarm of fire, a* 11 o’clock last night,
proceeded from the wooden tenement occu
pied as a carpenter’s shop by Mr James O.
Goodale, on the South-west corner of Rey
nold and Centre streets, which, with the house
adjoining on Reynold street, occupied by Mrs.
Kelly, and on Centre street, occupied by Mr.
Dax as a dwelling, all wood, were consumed.
Loss probably SBOO to SI,OOO. We did not
learn that there was any insurance. The fire
is supposed by some to have been produced
from some lime which had been deposited
there during the day. This is a matter of con
jecture, however, as others early at the fire say
H did not originate near where the limo was
stored.
Mr. Goodale, we believe, lost hie entire
stock of tools, lumber. &c., the flames spread
mg with such rapidity as to prevent the remo
val of any thing. The other occupants saved
mod or ail of their furniture.
But for the promptness and efficiency of
the firemen, among whom we were pleased to
observe the Hamburg company, together with
the stillness of the atmosphere, the destruction
of property, as it was in a very combustible
neighborhood, would have been much greater.
Virginia.—The majority in favor of a Con
vention to remodel the Constitution is over
27.0U0.
Florida Sugar,—We learn from the Sa
vannah Georgian, that the schooner O. K.,
which arrived at that port on Saturday from
Jacksonville, brought 128 hogsheads of Flori
da sugar from the plantation of Capt. H. R.
Saddler, on St. John river. This is the largest
shipment of sugar from; Flo rid a, ever made to
Savannah. It is a good article, and brings a fair
pricein that market. East Florida is well adapted
to the sugar business, which we learn is increas
ing every year. The crop is perhaps more pro
fitable than any other which can be planted.
The soil and climate is well adapted to its suc
cessful growth.
The Wire Suspension Bridge over the
Cumberland River at Nashville, is rapidly pro
gressing to completion. The first wire has
been extended across, and others will soon
follow.
Wm. B. Clark has been nominated by the
Whig Convention of Maryland as their candi
date for Governor at the ensuing election.
The Richmond Times states that a hue cf
weekly steamers is to be established between
that city and Philadelphia. It is to consist of
two fine vessels, with the Loper propeller, of
sufficient capaci y to stow. 2 500 barrels each,
to be completed in the most substantial manner
and hued up so as to enable each to accom
mod ate twenty-five first-c.ass passengers.
Tnese steamers are to go through from Phila
delphia to Richmond in forty-eight hours,
including stoppages at Norfo’k and City Point.
The Cabinet —The Compromise.
Having been a close observer of passing
events at Washington as they have been de
veloped through various media, we have not
been able to resist the conviction that a majori
ty of the Cabinet are seeking the defeat of the
compromise; that they are so wedded to the
plan submitted by the President, that they are
ready to defeat all, or any other adjustment to
secure its passage. If this be true, and we
regret that our convictions leave no room to
doubt its truth, the Cabinet are assuming a
heavy responsibility; a responsibility which
will certainly lose the administration its sup
port at the South. For, while the compromise
of Mr. Clay, with slight modifications, will
secure the support of the conservative men of
all parties; the measures of the administration
has not an advocate. The people will not
therefore silently acquiesce in the policy of a
Cabinet, who to carry their own p lan, are wil
ling to jeopard the peace and quiet of the
country, by using their influence to defeat a
measure, which all conservative tnen believe
will secure that peace and quiet.
He that is forewarned is forearmed, and it
behooves the Cabinet as they desire to retain
Southern support, not to trifle with Southern
feeling, for no ties of party will bind Southern
Whigs to an administration, which shall seek
to thrust an obnoxious measure upon the coun
try.
To show that we are not alone in the opin
ions we express of the effort of a majority of
the Cabinet, to exercise an improper and un
wise influence against the compromise, we
subjoin the following letter written by that sa
gacious and devoted Whig, the editor of the
Richmond Times. We know but too well
the painful character of this duty, to one so
devoted to Whig principles, and who was so
earnest in his support of Gen. Taylor as the
editor of the Times, but in a crisis like this
he rises superior to party and strikes, boldly
strikes, for his country.
Washington, Tuesday, May 28 —There ex
ists here a most extraordinary state of things,
of which the Washington papers give the pub
lic no conception, but of which it is right that
the country should be informed. The Slavery
question has thrown both parties into utter cor
■ Suhui riiLunn** M m sr n xa~j
justment Bill, or Union Bill, hangs in great
doubt. Its frien'ds, convinced that its passage
is loudly demanded by the public will, are con
fident of its ultimate success; but the count,
upon the present showing of the votes and the
declarations of Senators, seems to be against
it. It is opposed by a most singular combina
tion of influences. First, the Abolitionists re
sist it, because they know that it will deprive
them of the Territories as the field for their incendia
ry warfare. Secondly, the ultra-Souihern men re
sist it, some because they desire no settlement at all,
some because they persuade themselves that South
ern California may become n slave State, and others
because, while they really want the measure to pass,
they prefer that it should not pass by their votes, for
they wish not to have it said hereafter that any were
more righteous than they “ in defence of Southern
rights.” Lastly. lam constrained to deciare the be
lief that the Cabinet is using efEry effort in its pow
er to defeat the bill.
It is from this third element of opposition that the
great danger to the Compromise proceeds: Not that
the Cabinet wields any direct influence in Congress
On the contrary, as at present organized, it has
scarcely any real supporters amongst either the
Northern or the Southern Whigs. But the Cabinet
organs being allowed to give out that the President
insists upon his plan as the antagonistic policy to the
Compromise of the Senate, those Northern Whigs,
who are disposed to concur in a settlement, are afraid
to be more Southern than a Southern President.
Their strongest Free- : oil constituents proclaim that
they are content with the President’s p'an (by which,
ol course, they mean that they are content to admit
Calif rnia by itself, and the Territory question wdl
come up afterwards.) Most of such Whig members,
therefore, seeing the impossibility of sustaining them
selves at home, if tfiey vote f»r the Compromise Bill,
with the President’s plan still held up before them by
the Cabinet, will be likely to vote against the bill.
And the same “ political necessity” (to use a phrase
of the Virginia Democrats) which constrains them
to act thus, has a corresponding influence upon North
ern Democrats, who are too discerning to allow their
Whig opponents to do all the conciliation of the anti
slavery interest. lam assured by prominent gentle
men fiom North and South that had the Administra
tion fallen into the support of the Compromise bill,
or even had it contented itself with intimating in
general terms its approbation of any settlement agreed
upon by Congress, the bill would have obtained a
majority of something like two-thirds in each of the
two Houses. But a majority of the Cabinet (for it is
understood that Mr. Johnson and Mr. Crawford are
both in favor cf the Compromise, and Mr. Clayton’s
opinion is claimed on both sides of the question) have
unfortunately so far prevailed over the native good
sense of the President as to obtain the influence ofhis
name in furtherance of their fierce opposition. I re
gret to have to say, that it is quite notorious here,
that the member of the Cabinet, whose appointment
was tn compliment to Virginia, is perhaps the most
zealous of the President’s counsellors in striving to
effect the failure of the Senate bill. And the worst
aspect of the matter is, 'hat the active co-operation,
which tho majority of the Cabinent rely upon, in
Congress, is furnished by no other party or faction, but
Sf ward and his followers, whose avowed principle it
is to place the Whig party on the ami-slavery plat
form. Tho objects of public men are generally in
ferred from their poliiical alliances, and it is not un
natural or unreasonable that this conjunction of the
violent Free-Soil wing of the Northern Whig party
with the Cabinet majority should excie a strong sus
picion that a great project is forming to build up a
Northern Whig party to the sacrifice of all Southern
strength, of which Seward, of course, will be the
4*ajHbr is utterly a stranger. Me has been griev
ously imposed upon with suggestions that the states
men who are advocating the Compromise bill, are
contriving hie ruin. Could his honest mind be
reached by truths which would be apparent but for
the baneful perversion which they suffer in being
transmitted to him, I do not doubt that he would
throw off the evil influences around fci.n, and see that
his true policy, no less than his duty, is to give his
countenance to the great of settlement to the fate
of which the country is looking with such painful
anxiety.
It is exceedingly painful to be compelled to take
such a view as this of the situation of affairs in Wash
imgtuo ; but none other is justified bv the facts.
w. c. c.
After he returned to Richmond in an edito
rial commentary upon the subject, he remarks:
“Ifthe Senate’s Compromise fail, it will fail by the
united efforts of the Abolitionists, the Calhoun Dem
ocrats, and the Cabinet. We shall certainly join
neither wing of the Coalition. We have given our
testimony, in all frankness, to the advisers of the
President, that he will inevitably forfeit Southern
support by allowing his policy to be made use of to
prevent the success of the Senate’s plan. It is now
our duty to declare the belief that such remonstrances
from the Southern Whig press seem thus far to have
hud no effect whatever. The Free Soil Whigs in
the Senate are making the President’s scheme their
p'aiform; and we tear there are only two Northern
Whig Senators who will have the firmness to vote for
the Compromise, when the Cabinet policy is bidding
for their support, and thoirconstiiuents tell thorn they
want nothing more.”
The Compromise in Alabama.
A call for a meeting of the people of the
town and county appears in the Florence Ga
zette, signed by a large number of names, to
take into consideration the Compromise, in
which a decided opinion in favor of its adop
tion is indicated. The Gazette, one of the lead
ing democratic oig tns of the State, anticipates
the action of lhe meeting to be favorable lo the
passage of ;he bill by an overwhelming ma
jority and remarks :
“The Compromise Bill, which we propose to adopt
seems to hsve inspired the country with calm and
solid confidence, and we are rejoiced to see that lhe
people— the musses—the true patriotic pt ople of (he
Land are holding meetings and respondin' in tones
of strung approval. For one, we are for the Com
promise heart and soul —we go for it at “all hazards
and to the last extremity,” and it gladdens our heart
to see the true conservative people, of all parties, ri
sing up in public meetings and hailing t e Compro
mise Bill as the harbinger of peace. Its adoption
will save the republic, and at the same time save lhe
honor of the North and the South. The Slavery
question, like a canker, has Iready too long fed upon
the vitals of lhe nation. It is high time the question
was settled— the perpetuity of our glorious Union de
minds its speedy settlement, and as the people are
taking the question into their own hands, we we sa
tisfied lhe Halls of Coigrcss will soon be rid of a
question which has so long been food upon which
demagogues and fanatics have subsisted.”
The Compromise in Tennessee.—At a meet
ing, in Clarksville, Tenn., composed of both
political parties, over which the Hon. Cave
Johnson presided, the following preamble and
resolutions were unanimously adopted :
We, a portion of the people of Montgomery county»
having assembled in our primary capacity, without
distinction of party, avail oarselves of the opportuni
ty, as Whigs and Democrats, to express our disappro
bation of the conduct which has characterized ultra
paitizeos in and out of the Congress of the United
States, on the subject of slavery. Their conduct has
painfully agitated the public mind ; their intempe
rate seal has tended to alienate the affections of a
people, who are bound together by tbe dearest re
coil eel ions of the pasi, by tbe strongest ties of inte
rest and of brotherly love; has engendered Strife*
and heart-burnings in this family and sisterhood of
free States and has threatened to dissolve their Union,
without which we can enjoy neither prosperity at
borne, nor respectability abroad. In view therefore,
of our unalterable attachment to tbe Union and of
our unshaken confidence and belief that the cause of
liberty in this country and throughout tbe world,
would suffer a disastrous eclipse in its dissolution,
we hail with joy and delight, the prospect sf an ami
cable adjustment of this distracting and alarming
question, upun terms of mutal concession and com
promise, equally honorable to the North and to the
people of tbe South. Be it therefore
Kesolved' That we heartily approve of the series
of bills and resolutions reported to the Senate of the
United States by the committee of thirteen appoint
ed ty that branch of the national Legislature, con
ceived as they have been, in the spirit of compromise
and mutual forbearance, and though some of us do
not approve of all the details in them, yet on the
principle of mu uil concession and compromise, we
recommend their adoption by the Congress of the
United Slates, and hereby request our representative
and tbe senators in Congress, from Tennessee, to use
their best exertions to promote their passage.
Resotted, That tbe comm it lee of thirteen wbo
have reported the compromise bill and resolutions t *
the Senate, have justly entitled themselves to the
gratitude cf the American people, by their patriotic
efforts to restore harmony to this distracted country.
fiesolrtd, That “our federal Union must and shall
be preserved.”
A’.soZred, That these proceedings be published,
and that copies be forwarded to our representative
and senators in Congress, and that tbe papers in
Nashville be requested to copy.
The Macon Journal Sf Messenger of Wed
nesday hat rhe following notice of the Con
vention :
“Ths Nasnvillk Convzntion. —Tbe delegates
to the Nashville Convention, we presume, assembled
in that city on Monday, or yesterday. From all we
can team of the men who have gone, but little will
be effected for either good or ill. Judging tromsomz
o f the specimens that have gone from Georgia, the
Convention will contain but little of intellect, and
still less of that kind of thuructcr which is calcula
ted to elicit the eiteem, and meet the approbation, of
the people of the Sou hern States.
A Convention like that at Nashville ought to have
been composed of gentlemen o r elevated standing at
home —men who, from their position in society, and
from their connection with the institution of Slavery,
would have been calculated to give expression to the
views, and reflect the opinions, of that class of our
population. The gentlemen who were nominated—
who were esteemed worthy, by the people, to occu
py the station—have generally declined the honor ;
while his Excellency has literally gone “out into the
highways and hedges and compelled them to come
in.” Will such a body command the respect of the
I eople of Georgia ? Will its action be founded in
wisdom, and prove to be such as will meet the pub
lic approbation ? For our part, we have no such
hope, no such expectation.
Congress will exhibit no respect for the delibera
tions of such a body. Its proceedings will fall like a
dead letter upon the desks of the clerks of both
Houses.
In the meantime, we predict that Mr. Clay’s pro
position will be discussed and amended or modified,
until it will finally be decided : that California shall
be divided by the 35th deg. of latitude ; that the ter
ritory south of that line will be incorporated, together
with Utah and New Mexico, without any Wilmot
Proviso being fastened upon them ; that the fugitive
blave bill and the District of Columbia bill will be
pawed, pretty much in the form they were n ported
by the Committee of Thirteen ; and that the Texan
boundary question will be satisfactorily adjusted.
This state of things will likely be realized. It
would have been realized if the Nashville Conven
tion had never been dreamed of. It will be realized,
whatever may be the action of that worse-lhan-self
constituted body. The result will be, that most of
the men who participate in the deliberations of the
Convention, will hereafter be looked upon with a
feeling akin to pity and contempt—as men who
have run riot, regardless of the wishes of the people
or the perpetuity of the Union—as men who have
been content to float upon the surface, regardless of
the quality of the pool in which their lot was cast.
These are our views in regard to the Nashville
Convention. Whether correct or not, we leave time
and circumstances to determine.”
Prospcet ofthe Compromise.
The subjoined letter from the Washington
Correspondent of the Charleston Courier.
contains some flattering intelligence of the
prospect of the passage of the Compromise
bill in the Senate. These evidences of the
final success of the measure in the Senate, are
indeed most cheering. We have, however,
never permitted ourselves to doubt that some
of those Southern Senators, who have here
tofore been regarded ng opposed to the meas
ure, would finally vote for it —as well because
of the force of public opinion in its favor
throughout the South,their unwillingness to
'■.’.hblu tk- •—rof defeating the bill,
sanctioned as it is. by the purest pa-i
triots of the country, in and out of Congress.
If it pass the Senate, we regard its passage in
the House certain. Public sentiment will tell
with powerful effect upon that body in its favor:
Washington, June 6.
“The Senate, as you will see from the papers of
this morning, have at length, taken the question on
the amendments to the tenth section of the adjust
ment bill. They were a month upon the section and
p tlience was wearied with the continued discussion.
The result was that Mr. Chase’s amendment, which
was a quasi Wilu.ot, was rejected—2s to 30. Mr.
Jefferson Davis’ amendment was rejected. Mr.
Seward then moved the Wilmot proviso and it was
rejected, yeas 23, nays 33.
There were three absentees, Mr. Phelps, Mr.
Borland and Mr. one vacancy. The re
sult is very satisfactory. Mr. Whitcomb and Mr.
Cooper voted for the Proviso under instructions, but
will vote for Mr Clay’s adjustment bill.
Mr. Turney, of Tennessee, who has been supposed
to be hostile to the adjustment, declared his purpose,
yesterday, to vote f»r it. Mr. Spruance, of Delaware,
will vote for it. The friends of lhe adjustment are
now more confident of its success in the Senate thin
they have hitherto been. Mr. Turney yesterday
said, that there were eleven Southern Democratic
Senators against it, and five for it. But, Mr. Foote
denied that these eleven Senators would ultimately
vote again-t the bill. Judge Sharkey 's letter to Mr.
Foote in favor of the adjustment has great influence
here. The tenth saction of the bill was finally so
amended, as to prohibit the territorial legislature
from passing any law, either excluding or admitting
slavery.
A motion to pospoue the bill indefinitely will be
made next week, but, according to present appearan
ces, will fail. The House will commence action
upon the California bill, and the various amendments
to the same, on Tuesday next.
After the vexed queetion shall be disposed of, Con
gress will very rapidly dispose of every thing eLe,
and may be ready to adjourn early in August.
The President’s original orders, in relation to Cu
ban affairs, was that the naval force should intercept
the expedition for Cuba, prevent the invaders fro n
landing, and bring them back to the United Stales
for trial.
The orders since given are to demand ofthc Cuban
government the surrender of the prisoners taken in
neutral territory, and on die high seas, for the pur
pose of having them tried by our laws. The men
taken on neutral ground had abandoned the enter
prise.
Upon the arrival of the Isabel from Cuba, the
Spanish Minister will receive important dispatcher,
and will present a demand for indemnity on the
United States government on account ol the late in
vasion, and the protection afforded to the Creole at
Key West.
We have just learned that Mr. Clay, Charge of
Affaires at Lisbon, has taken bis passports and is on
his return to the United States. The Portuguese
government refused to pay the indemnity demanded,
on account of the attack made by a British ship of
war, on the American privateer Armstrong, in the
harbor of Fayal, in the year 1913. The President,
in his message, at the commencement of the ses
sion, took strung ground on this subject. It is now
said that he will recommend repri als.
Funeral Ceremonies in Honor of Col El
more.—The Charleston Courier of yesterday
says : <>n Saturday, the remains of this honor
ed Representative, who occupied, but for a
short period, the seat of tho lamented Calhoun,
could be paid to them, under the circumstan
ces were accorded, with a depth of feeling less
fathomable than if a funeral array of the most
gorgeous character had been arranged. The
body of the beloved friend of every citizen of
Charleston, was in the course of transmission
to its final resting place. The bells of the city
were tolled, the flags of the shipping, and on
the public buildings, were at half mast, all
places of business, through which the proces
sion passed that conveyed the body to the Rail
road, were closed, and every demonstration
that circumstances allowed was made to do
honor to the remains.
At the Railroad Depository, the body, was
placed in charge of the Committee appointed
by the citizens of Columbia.
We cannot refrain from a passing remark
in reference to the manner in which the Presi
dent of the Railroad Company arranged the
transmission of the remains over the Road, A
separate car, arrayed in mourning was provid
ed for the body. Succeeding it, was another
car especially arrayed in all the habiliments of
grief, devoted to those in immediate atten
dance on the remains, in which none were per
mitied to enter but the familyofthe deceased,
and those deputed to perform the last sad offices
to the dead. Thus Charleston sends to the
Capitol of our State, the mortal relics of one
whom she would have wished to hive claimed
the mournful gratification of having his ashes
mingled with a soil over which he never trode
but with a view to her benefit.
Thi Cuban Affair. —The substance of the
correspondence laid before the U. 8. Senate
on Monday by President Taylor, respecting
the Cuban Affair, is given in a Washington
letter published in the New York Express.
According to the writer, it shows that the na
tives were not parties to the affair, but it origi
nated solely with a number of dissatisfied so
reigners, and parties who established their head
quarters in the United States. The President
says he dispatched certain vessels to intercept
the expedition, because, under the circumstan
ces, it was the opinion of the Administration,
that this government was subjecting itself to
implication, by permitting the outrage to pro
gress without interposing our authority to sup
press it, and that, in so doing he was only vin
dicating the good faith of the United States
The message will, and ought to satisfy the coun
try.
[The correspondence above referred to goes
back to Jan. 19. when the Spanish Minister
complained of the Cuba Juntas at New York.
New Orleans and Washington. Mr. Clayton,
Jan. 22d, answered that instructions had been
given to District Attorneys to keep a sharp
looknut upon suspected vessels. May 7, the
Spanish Minister wrote Mr. Clavton that La
horde, the Spanish Consul at New Orleans,
had received instructions that the Schooner
Heroin - had left New Oceans to revolutionize
Cuba, though fitted out for Chagres She had
arms and munitions of war on board. The
vessel was examined before sailing, but the
Consul was sued for detention. The next day
informed the Spanish Minister of the
organization of volunteers in New Orleans a
gainst Cuba,—that two vessels had left, one
with men .and that Breedlove, late Collector,
was fitting out a third The Minister in ans
wer, calls for redress, and Mr. Clayton re
news bis intructions. Then there are letters
of May 16, 17, Id, 19, 20, 22, giving informa
tion such as has already been communicated
io our readers of the sailing of the expedition
of Lopez, his arrival at Cardenas, relanding at
Key West, &c. This is the substance of all
correspondence before the Senate ]
The following we give in full:
May 20. Mr. Prescott Hall is quite sure no
armament has been mate or sited out ic New
Y ork within reach of the laws, bot if he can
discover any movement in his district, hostile
to Spain, or her colonies, be will not hesitate to
carry out bis instructions.
telegraphic dispatches.
Department or State. May 25. 1850.
To Hknry Williams, Esq.. U. S. District
Attorney, Savannah, Ga.:—Proceed accord
ing to law to have Gen. Lopez arrested, for a
violation of the Act of Congress of the 20:h
April, 1818. and held in custody until he can
be transferred to the proper district for trial.
John M. Clatton, Secretary of State.
[Reply.] Savannah, May 2fi. 1850.
Hon. J. M. Clayton.—Sir:—ln pursuance
of your instructions. General Lopez was yes
terday arrrested, on the affidavit of the Spanish
Vice-Consul. He demanded an examination,
which was held last night before the District
Judge, by whom he was discharged, there be
ing no evidence procurable here sufficient to
commit.
Henry Williams. U 3. Dist. Atty.
May 27.—A similir order to that addressed
to W iliiams by Telegraph to the District At
lorne - a 3 ew Orbans and Mobile.
May 27.—Tbe Spanish Minister earnestly
appeals for the punishment of Lopez, and Iz
naga. his aid-de-camp.
May 31 and June I. Mr. Clayton writes
letters to Mr. Campbell, Consul at Havana, in
structing him to insist in regard to the prisoners
captured, (Americans,) on the difference be
tween the commission of a crime, and the inten
tion to commit crime ; and is much interested
for the safely of the lives of those captured.
The Southern Organ.
The Southron, published at Jackson, Miss.,
a paper distinguished for its calm, dispassion
ate and conservative views of all questions,
thus alludes to the proposed Southern Organ
at Washington :
“ We have received an address from a portion of
tjie Southern members of Congress, recommending
the establishment and support of a Southern journal
at Washington City, purely upon sectional princi
ples. We cannot but look upon this movement as
fraught with incalculable danger to the premanency
of the Union. Parties, when divided upon principles
of government, or upon measures of policy, may be
tolerated with safety ; but when these resolve them
selves into great sectional differences, it requires no
inspiration to tell with what certainty they are to de
generate into faction. And when this shall be the
case, then, indeed, will the days of our Union have
been numbered. This cannot but be viewed as the
inception of an organization wholly sectional in its
character, and calculated, if persisted in, to foster a
spirit utterly incompatible with the longer maintain
anceof our existence us one nation. It will be the
very consummation of the evil against which the
Father of his country so solemnly warned his fellow
citizens. And yet, evident as the evil consequences
of this measure must be if carried out, we find men,
both in Congress and out of it, willing, rather than a
coiijj romise of our difficulties should be effected, to
risk the worst results, even that of dissolution itself.
We have been taught to look upon the abolitionists
and frecsoilers of the North as the worst enemies of
their country ; but if this enterprise shall be sustained,
and this sectional feeling fostered, the infamy that
will rest upon the disunionists of the South, will be
far darker in its character than that which attaches
to the fanatical conduct of the former.
“ Elwood Fisher, it is said, is to be the editor of
this new paper. Being from a free-soil State, and a
free-soiler in principle, and but recently a convert to
Calhounism, he constitutes an appropriate link to con
nect the free-soil disunionists of the North with the
proslavery disunionists cf the South. As his free
soilism cannot be suspected, he will be at full liberty,
byway of showing the sincerity of his devotion to
the cause of disunion, to go as far on the proslavery
platform as he who goes farthest.”
Railroai to the Pacific.—Mr. Whit
ney’s plan of a Railroad to the Pacific has
been fully endorsed in the Report of the Com
mittee on Roads and Canals, presented at the
present session of Congress. The Committee
declare that all other schemes have originated
from this one. Its chief recommendation is,
that it finds its own means and disembarrasses
the Government, while it accomplishes a great
national work. We give the following ex
tracts from the Report: _____ —a
Between New L z 'Jiiuni7 the distanceljy
“ iPanama is l,lir *miles less than by the Uape oi v
Good Hope ; and with the advantage of the trade
winds of the Pacific, if the Isthmus were swept away,
vessels from New York to Canton would doubtless
go out that way. But the return voyage is the im
portant one, as to time, and could be made quicker
by the Cape of Good Hope, under the help of the
trade winds, and our vessels would always return
that way even in the absence of the isthmus whether
from Canton, Java, Manilla, Singapore, or Calcutta.
And as to the trade between the Atlantic and Paci
fic ports, it must be seen that when our Pacific terri
tories shall have been reduced to culture, the agricul
tural products on the same latitudes of both sides
will be nearly the same, necessarily precluding ex
changes. except as the m inufactujed products of the
, eastern slope should be in demand by the producers
of the precious metals of the western —all or most of
which would more naturally go by the railroad to
the Pacific, when completed. So that all these vis
ions about the future consequence of the Panama
route, with the Isthmus forever planted there, appa
rently have a slender chance of being realized. Dis-
I tance and time would be insuperable and controll
ing.
The Pillowing bird's eye view of distances and
time will illustrate this point yet further. From
, Canton to London, by the Cape of Good Hope, is 13, -
330 miles ; from same to same, by Panama, with ad
verse trade winds, it is 15,558 miles ; from New York
, to Canton, by Panama, is 13,133 miles ; by the
Cape of Good Hope it is 14,255 miles; but, in re
turning, the favorable trade winds would always de
. cide in favor of ti.e Cape of Good Hope, even if the
, isthmus were an open sea. The distance from
London to Shanghae, China, by the Whitney rail
, road, is 11,361 miles; time, 37 days; time from
’ same to same, by ('ape of Good Hope, 107 days.
, Distance from New York to Shanghae, by Whitney
road, 8.361 miles; time, 25 days ; time by Cape of
, Good Hope, average, 120 days. It must be seen
} that the power of the difference in time and distance
in the.-e cases put together, is immense—sufficient to
annihilate all other routes for the practical purposes
and under the controlling laws of trade, time being
always, or oi di narily, the great law.
Mr. Whitney proposes that the Eastern
’ terminus of the Road shall be Lake Michigan.
3 The Committee express great solicitude that
Mr. Whitney’s plan should be adopted, en
, tertaining, as they do, the opinion that no
- other is practicable.
Roswell*
About thirteen miles from Marietta in a
Northeasterly direction, on and around the
bluffs of Vickry’e Creek, one mile above its
junction with the Chattahoochee River, stands
the delightful village of Roswell. This village
(says the lielican.) was located at an early pe
riod after the Cherokees had left the country,
by Roswell King, Esq , from whom it takes its
name. Mr. King with a few other families
from Liberty county and its neighborhood
brought with them their pastor and erected
their buildings, then in the wilderness, —form-
ed a Church, established Schools, and erected a
Cotton Factory, which has now been in suc
cessful operation for several years, and the vil
lage has the air of prosperity, comfort, and
even luxury.
The Cotton Factory, has 3,000 spindles,
of individuals from the neighborhood, who
here find the means of accumulating wealth
which some of them improve to great advan
tage. The fabrics of this Factory find their
way to Northern as well as Southern markets,
and command the highest market price, compe
ting successfully with those of the beet North
ern Factories. Another Factory is now in
progress by the same company, a few rode
from the former, with a foundation of fine
granite, which, is found in abundance near the
building. It rests upon a solid rock, six or
eight feet below the surface. The building
will be 140 ft. long by 53 wide, four stories
high, and will contain 5000 spindles, with the
latest improvements in all its machinery.
These Manufactories do great credit to the
individuals who have erected and sustained
them so successfully.
The morals of this place are of high order.
No liquors are allowed on the premises, nor
can it be sold on the lands originally belonging
to the Company. There are lew more choice
spots, that we have seen in the whole country,
even in its natural beauty, and this, with what
art has done in addition, its fine associations
and the very pleasant manner with which we
were entertained, will not allow us soon to for
get our recent visit, to the Town of Roswell.
The Cincinnati! Gazette states that the re
cent decision, by the Supreme Court of Ten
nessee, will ultimately enable the Ohio Life
and Trust Co., to recover upwards of SIOO,-
000 of the large sum they Jost by the Nashville
Co.
Col Fremont.— The Boston Allas says that
the Geographical Society of London have vo
ted a gold medal to Col. Fremont for having
made, during the past year, the most valuable
discoveries in Geography, of any known per
son. It is usual we understand for this Society
to give amedal every year to the person having
made the most valuable discovery in Geogra
phical science.
The Sugar Cnor or Texas for 1851 is esti
mated by an intelligent planter of that State,
writin'to the Galveston News, at 10,000 hhds.
The writer says that tn less than five years the
crop will be increased to 20,000 hhds, while in
ten years from the present time the quantity
grown in Texas will equal that of Louisiana
The News adds the Sugar lands of Texas have
increased in value from 25 to 40 per cent , and
that they will continue to advance steadily un
til they command an equal price with lands of
the same quality in Louisiana.
Georgia Stocks. An auction sale of Geor
gia stocks took place in Charleston on Mon
day with the following results : Forty five
thousand dollars Georgia 7 per cent, bonds
were sold. Those with coupons attached
brought 103| and 103} ; and those without,
sold from 101 to slo2} ; ten thousand dollars
State of Georgia six percent. Bonds brought
$97; ten thousand dollars Marcon and Wes
tern Railroad seven per cents sold at par (100;)
and one thousand dollars Columbia Corpora
tion Bonds at s9B}.
The St. Louis papers of the 22d ult., an
nounced the death of Brevet Colonel Kneas
Mackay, Deputy Quarter Master General of
the U. S. Army,
We learn from the St. Louis Republican that
surveys are about to be commenced of the
route of the Railroad which is to run from that
city toward the western boundary of Missouri.
South Carolina Senator—The Gover
nor has appointed the Hon. Robt. Barvwell,
Senator in Congress, to fill the vacancy of Mr.
Elmore. Mr. B. was formerly a member of
Congress, and President of the South Caro
lina College
State Bark Stock —Fifty-seven shares of
the Bank State of Georgia were sold at auc
tion in Savannah, on Tuesday, at $101.75,
and fifty five at $101.50.
Good Dividemds.—The Marine Bank of
Savannah has declared a divident of six per
cent. from the profits of the last six months.
And the Central Railroad Bank has declared a
divident of four dollars per share.
We perceive by ••our mark” at the back
door of our office, says the Bayou Sara Ledger
of the 27th, that the river is rising. From
Thursday at 12 o’clock M., to Friday at 12 o’-
clock, M., it has risen at least two inches.
Bayou Sara had now been from three to
four feet under water more than four months,
and from present appearances it is likely to
remain for two or three months longer. Just
think of a place, ye inland citizens, where the
inhabitants visit from house to house in skiffs,
dugouts, and on ffatboat gunwales, half the
year and you may have some idea of our way
of living.
To Rail Road Contractors.
The Directors of the Waynesboro’ Railroad
Company, it «vill be seen, advertise to receive
Proposals for the Grading, Masonry, Bridge
ing and Superstructure of the Upper Section
of this Road from Waynesboro to Augusta, to
which we desire to call ihe attention of Con
tractors. The part of this Road, says the Re
publican, extending from Waynesboro* to Au
gusta, is about thirty miles. The southern di
vision, or that part lying between the Central
Railroad and Waynesboro’, has already been
contracted for, and it is now being built.
We are pleased with the energy with which
the President and Directors are pushing for
ward this great work. Savannah has never
engaged in an enterprise which affected more
vitally her general welfare, or one in which her
citizens felt more personal interest.
Charleston Commission House.—We
take pleasure in calling the attention of those
having goods to forward via. Charleston, to
the advertisement of E. Lafitte &■ Co., so
long and favorably known to most of our
citizens, in which they offer their services in
this capacity.
A large number of citizens, embracing most
of the prominent Democrats, not only in the
city and county of New York: but* Kings
Queens, Richmond, and Westchester coun
ies, have tendered Hon. Senator Dickinson,
of that State, a public dinner—“sincerely desir
ing (as they express it) to signify in person
their high appreciation of his services in the
councils of the confederacy.
The Pennsylvania Bible Society.—This
society during the past year has distributed
62,011 Bibles and Testaments, which is near
ly equal to the distribution in the years 1847
and 1848, when the work of supplying many
of the counties was most vigorously pressed.
The purchases from the American Bible Soci
ety since 1840 amonnt to $112,006 28. The
amount for the past year is $16,200 23, which
we are happy to think is paid for in full.
The pledge of $30,000, made in 1848, to aid
the American Bible Society in its foreign dis
tribution, was paid. The promise made lor
the same object in 1849, of 50,000, will soon
r.ifliiuJ.
Wheat Crop in the —The
Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin papers are
making sad complaints of the effect of a long
protracted drouth on the prospects for a good
grain crop in that region. The Cleveland
Herald says that the wheat is’filling, with but
here and there a kernel. The Detroit Adver
tiser thinks that the wheat looks worse than it
has since 1842, and is of opinion that even
with copious, and seasonable rains hereafter,
that not more than a two thirds average crop
will bo realized. The Milwaukie Sentinel
says that the spring has been uncommonly
backward, cold and dry, vegetation droops and
withers, trees show few signs of life and the
grass wears a sickly hue.
A friend who has just returned from a short
trip to Canada West informs us that the
ground is parched for want of rain. In some
districts not a shower has fallen for a month.
The Ohio Constitutional Convention has
decided in favor of biennial sessions, of ma
king the Senatorial, like that of the Represen
tative term, two instead of four years, and of
placing the eligibility of Senators and Repre
sentatives, as regards age, upon the same
fooling—the age of twenty five being adopt
ed.
Steam Ships Coming.—The Canada was to
leave Liverpool for Halifax and Boston on the
Ist inst., the Viceroy was to leave Galway,
Ireland, for Halifax and New York on the Ist
inst.
The Pittsburg Gazette says, that a young la.
dy was ordained in the English Lutheran
Church in that city, to the office of Deaconess
Deaconesses are a religious order of women
in this denomination who devote their lives to
various occupa'ions of charity, and taken
vows of celibacy for this purpose. The order
has been established for some years in Germa
ny, and has lately been introduced into this
country. This lady, however, is the first who
has yet beeen ordained.
Colnmbns Factories,
The editor of the Albany Patriot who has
recently been on a visit to Columbus furnishes
his readers with the following interesting
sketch of the progress Columbus has made in
Manufacturing :
“The Coweta Falls Manufacturing Co’s, es
tablishment was the first which we examined,
and wn are indebted to the politeness of L
Livingston, Esq., Treasurer, for the following
account of ila operations. The works occupy
a large brick building contain ng 2 500 spindles
which make from 1,400 to 1.800 lbs of thread
per day—44 looms, making 1,800 yds. of
heavy osnaburgs per day—24 cotton cards—3
wool cards and I.won! Jack- They_aJ"o matt
which are more profitable than osnaburgs and
yarns They employ from 115 to 120 boys
and girls from 12 years old, upwards. Ave
rage wages—Superintendent SI,OOO per vear,
Overseers S3O to S6O per month, Weavers
sls. Carders, SB, Spinners $7 50 Power
one of Rich’s Centre Vent wheels, 5 feet
diameter—capable of carrying as much more
machinery. Profits on investment, 10 to 15
per cent.
Near this establishment is Carter’s Factory,
the property of Col. Fari.li Carter. Large
brick building. 6 stories—cost $lO 200—privi
lege 6,000, calculated for 200 looms and 10,-
000 spindles; estimated cost when completed
$100,000; will employ from 300 to 400 hands.
Not far from this building, is the Howard
manufacturing company’s establishment, for
an examination of which, and for the follow,
ing information, we are indebted to the polite
ness of Col. Van Leonard, President and C.
Pomeroy, Esq., agent. The building is of
brick 50 by 125 feet, 6 stories. It contains
5.000 spindles 103 looms—4o more to be ad
ded. Entire cost SIOO 000. They manufac
ture 15,000 yds. of Cotton Osnaburgs, sheet
ings and shirtings, per week, and 400 to 500
lbs. thread ; employ 100 hands from 12 years
old upwards one third of whom are males ;
wages from 12 to 75 cts per day, for common
hands; assistants, $1 to 1.25 ; Overseers from
$2 to $2 50 ; Superintendent, S9OO, per year.
Consumption, 1.200 bales cotton Past profits,
under some difficulties, have varied from
$34 to SIOO per day ; estimated future profits,
20 per cent, on investment. Power—one of
Morris’ reaction wheel 7 ft. diameter.
There is an extensive machine shop con
nected with thia manufactory. We examined
some bales of cloth made by this establishment,
and found Hos a very superior quality The
hands, mule and female, had a general appear
ance of cleanliness, health, and contentment.
I’he proprietors of the man 11 factories have
made arrangements for preaching Sundav
schools, and a daily free shoot, for the opera
tives and their families.
We next visited Winters' Palace Mills.
This is a large brick edifice, of six stories, oc
cupied by a machine shop, four runs of mill
stones.—two for wheat and two for corn
withall the necessary flouring apparatus, capa
Me of turning out from 80 to 100 bbls of flour
pe.rdsy. The entie cost was sated tobesome
$50,000. Ti n thousand bushels of wheat had
recently been purchased in Balti 1 ore, and
was being made into Hour al this mill. Pow
er—Rich’s Center Vent Reaction Wheel.
Near this establishment, is one which is rightly
termed “Variety Works”—sawing lumber,
planing, making tubs, pails, bedsteads.window
blinds, sash, &c, tec., all by machinerv adapted
to these purposes. This is doubtless one of
the most profitable establishments in Colum
bus.
“These several establishments are situated
on the east bank of the river, and are propelled
by water, taken from the great conduit which
has been constructed of stone, to receive and
retain the water of the Chattahoochee river at a
sufficient elevation to afford the necessary
power. The head of water thus furnished, is
from 10 to 14 feet. This conduit is calculated
for supplying the power for many other man
ufactories.
“There are two iron founderies in Colum
bus. which turn out a large amount of castings
and machinery for mills, steamboats, &c They
employ a steam engine.
‘ The City Mills, in the upper part of Co
lumbus, is a large wood structure, occupied by
fonr sets of mill stones, two for flour and two
for corn—and extensive flouring works. Pow
er—Morris’Reac ion wheel. Owned by Col.
Seaborn Jones.
On the river above the city, are several es
tablishments, Which we had not the pleasure of
visiting, among them, the Rock Island Paper
Manufacturing company, of which J. G. Win
ter is President, and David Adams Sec. We
are indebted to the politeness of Mr. Adame,
for an examination ofthe paper manufactured,
and for the following information:
Capital employed, s4ll 000. to be increased
to 45.000, to complete the machinery. They
now manufacture 1.000 lbs. when the machi
nery is completed. Cost of rags and other
material, from Ito 3} cents per lb. Price of
taper, from 10 to 12} cts. per lb. Power—
itch's Centre Vent Wheel—which works six
engines. Employ 7 girls, 2 boys, 13 men. and
1 teamster. Wages—girls $8 per month, fore
man, SIOO, Machinist S6O, 2 operatives S4O
each.
Main building 75 by 3b feet 3 stories, be
sides finishing room, warehouse dec.
In all cases where we have given the wages,
the parties employed, board and lodge them
selves.”
Destructive Fire i.v New York.—A fire
broke out about four o’clock on Monday mor
ning in the large brick building on the corner
of Old Slip and Front-street. New York. It
was in joint occupation by Olis and Wood
ward, a» a grocery store ; Charles Sutton, as a
wine store ; Culbert and Finlay, A. W. War
dell, and Hals'ead. Chamberlain and Co. as
offices; J B. and G. Rusher, tin-ware factory;
and Frost and Darrow, as a cooperage. A con
siderable quantity of cotton and tea were stored
in the upper part of the premises. The stock
and contents valued at about $50,000 —insured
for $30,000 to $35,000. The store adjoining
on Front-street, was occupid by Bucklin and
Crane as a tea store. The teas are a good deal
smoked. The insurarce on the whole stock is
about $125,000, in the various offices and agen
cies ia the city.
THE CROPS, WEATHER) &C.
The Weather and Crape The Jackson (La )
Mirror of the 30th ult. says that after a cold
and backward spring, extremely warm weather
was experienced, and the plantera entertain
fears that the premature warm weather
will seriously injure* the backward crops.
Much of the cotton in that vicinity has had to
be replanted, and the corn looks stunted and
bad. The chances for a crop are not so good
as they were this time last year. The sugar
cane, however, looks finely, much better it is
said than that on the coast.
The St. Francisville Chronicle of the Ist
inst. says : On Thursday evening last, from
the appearance of the weather, we were of
opinion the planters of our parish would again
be visited by another severe storm; but,
after a slight shower, the heavens about noon
on Fridav put on a smile. Many of our plan
ters, although they have had some two weeks
dry weather, are still “ in the grass ” and back
ward in the cultivation of their crops. The
river has risen about an inch or an incl. and a
half the past week, but commenced falling on
Saturday morning. The amount of damage
sustained by the people of Point Coupee
from the late severe freshets can scarcely be
estimated.
We learn that another crevasse occurred in
that parish on Friday night, opposite the plan
tation of Mr. Preston.
We have remarkable cool mornings and
evenings for the time of year, which must unfa
vorably affect the young cotton; which is,
perhaps, as backward as was ever known at
this period of the year.
From all sections of the cotton region, the
accounts of the crop still continue of the most
unfavorable character.— Cheraw Gazette
The planters of Perry, the adjoining county
to Greene, are no belter off than their neigh
bors. An intell'gent planter informed the edi
tor of the “ Commonwealth ” that never,
within his recollection, has the prospect for a
cotton crop been as gloomy at ihis season of
the year. It is now (30th of May) remarks the
editor, the usual time for cotton to bloom, but
in place of blooms not one plant in ten thou
sand has squares upon it. The crop, general
ly, is at least a month later than in ordinary
years, and is just recovering from the effects
of the lice—that is, that portion left by them,
for in some instances they have so completely
ruined it that crops are now being replanted,
while as a general thing the stand is to an un
exampled degree bad —Ala. Tribune.
The Crape.— One of our most successful
aud experienced farmers communicates the
following :
i “ The present crop in this county,” says he,
« is any tiling but promising, and is a month
behind the usual crop. Il is not even so for...
I r-yrasu as ttmiOT 1 lav. year i wiiiteifie stands are
, a great deal worse. The seasons are too late
r for anything like a crop to be made, unless we
' have a very late fall.— LaGrange Herald, June
I 7th
1 Crops.—We were shown, to our surprise, a
l few days since, a cotton bloom, but learned, on
inquiry, that it was not grown in the field, but
in a hot bed, where it nad been forced, as well
1 as sheltered from frost We were surprised
1 until we knew the facta, because we were
aware from observation of the crops in this
’ section, that blooms cannot be expected in the
fields under a month from this time; though
during most seasons their appearance is not
f uncommon, even at this early dale. The crops,
j however, where any stand has been attained, are
in 'his section, aud in allothers, as far as we can
3 learn, at least three weeks behind that of last
year; and nothing but the most favorable circum
t stances, during the whole season, can bring up
> any where neareven Ihe diminished product of
last year. A large portion of the rich cotton
3 lands of the West have been submerged until
too late to justify an attempt even, for a crop
The prospect for the cotton planter, every
8 where, was never more gloomy. — Alabama
Journal June 7th.
The Crops. — We regret to hear continued
gloomy accounts of the growing crops. We
heard an old planter say the olhei day, since he
had been a man, ho had never seen so bad a
prospect for a cotton crop. We have lately
had an opportunity of making personal obser
vations. Ten days ago, we rode in a private
conveyance, 110 miles through the middle sec
tion of Georgia, to look at our own crop.
We examined the plantations along the route,
and made diligent inquiries; our own eyes,
and the replies to our inquiries, brought us to
the same conclusion. The cotton crop is a
full month behind hand the plant is not healthy,
and instead of being hall leg high, as it should
be, it hugs the ground, so that from the road
adjoining cotton fields, we could not in many
places see the plant, or tell whether any or
what crop was growing iu them ; the stands
are bad, many plants having died under the in
fluence of cold nights and continued rains.
This was ten days ago—a few das after, the
weather became more favorable and as we re
turned, we saw the happy effects of a few days
of hot sun and warm night dews. But since
our return, a week ago, the weather has again
been wet and cold, and now accounts are show
ering in upon us from the country, of the most
discouraging character. We have heard ol
planters who have planted corn between their
cotton rows, not believing the cotton worth
cultivating, and a few have ploughed up their
cotton Gelds and putthem in corn.
The accounts from the West are even worse
than in Georgia.
As it is too late to plant cotion, we hold it to
be impossible that an average crop can be
grown. Appearances indicate the shortest
crop that wasever grown on the same number
of acres cultivated. We have heard of a cot
ton bloom. It must have grown in a hot
house, or from a last year’s raltoon, favorably
situated, and providentially preserved during
the past mild winter. In our ride of 110 miles,
we saw no field of cotton that can possibly
weeka 10 come -
Crop Prospects.— ln a letter to the editor
from .Marengo countv, dated June 3d, the
writer says: “ The crops in this county beg’n
to look somewhat better, but the piospect is
yet the most gloomy ever known. I know of
no plantation in the country, and I have seen a
good many of late, that will make two thirds
of a crop, and I fear that more than half of
them will fail to make a half crop. Crops, 1
know, are generally reported sorry about this
season of the year, but reports are more relia
ble now than ever before, as regards lhe
gloomy prospects of the planters.”— Mobile
Adv. June Glh.
The Cotton Crops.— The accounts up to the
present time from the interior, are far from
encourag in regard to the growing cotton crop.
It was supposed here that the warm tempera
ture which followed the protracted cool weath
er in March, April and part of May had pro
duced a favorable change. Bnt this has not
been the case. The hot sun and lice together
have not only stopped the growth of the cot
ton, but in many instances entirely killed it.
This is the iniormation we get from Greene
county through the Beacon of the Ist inst
The condition of lhe crop there may be taken
as a criterion in other sections of our best
cotton lands. On lhe 29th and 30th ult., we
learn from the same source, heavy rains fell in
that region, which, whilst doing serious injury
to the soil—especially lhe hill sides—no doubt
washed off the lice The prospects for any
thing like a fair crop are worse, in the
opinion of many planters than ever known
in that section — Mobile Tribune JuneGth.
The Greensboro’ Beacon of the Ist instant
says: The unprecedented cold and and wet
wether which characterized the months of
March and April, and lhe fust week of May,
was followed hy several days of very hot
weather—lhe effect of which was to dry lhe
soil rapidly, and wilt up the cotton and check
its growth. In fact the hot sun and ‘he lice
together had, we understand, up to Wednes
daylast.not only flopped lhe growth of the
cotton, but in nnny instances entirely killed
it. On Wednesday and Thursday last we
had very heavy mines, whilst doing serious
injuryio the sod—especially the hill sides, have
no doubt washed off the lice. Truly the pros
pects for cotton are decidedly bad, worse, in
lhe opinion of several planters with whom
we have conversed within the last few days,
than they have ever been known in this sec
tion.
Arkansas.— From every section of this
State the accounts are very unfavorable. The
followingextracts are from letters received by
the Little Rock Banner :
Plum Bayou, Jojferson County, May 14th.—
The prospects for crops are anything but
flattering in these parts. I do not know of a
farm where they have not had to plant their cot
ton the seccond time, and it is doutful whether
we will get stands this time or not. It still
continues wet and cold Corn stands are also
bad. It is not possible for a full crop of cotton
to be made now, as a full month ot the cotton
season is already lost.
Arkadelphia, Clark county, May 14th.— It
has been raining here for a month, almost eve
ry day. and sometimes it ponrs. Stands of
cotton, as a general thing, in South Aarkansas,
are very bad ; and of corn, worse.
The birds take it up as fast as it comes up.
some of our planters have planted three or
four times and have no stand yet.
Cottos Cross. —The Alabama (Eutaw)
Whig of the 31st ult. says: “Mr. Bradley H.
Bridgeway, of this neighborhood, has laid on
our table three stalks of cotton of this year's
growth—he assures us that after riding over
three large plantations, these were the largest
he could select. They are about six inches in
Height, without a branch ora square formed on
them. This certainly shows great backward
ness in the present crop, for we have not an
frequently seen cotton blooms in this neighbor
hood en the 25th of this month. The present
crop is some three weeks later than usual,
which circumstance must of itself tend greatly
to diminish the quantity to be raised during the
present year—and in addition to the backward
ness of the crops we would state that during
no former year have we ever known the lice
to be so destructive to the plant. It is an eve
ry day occurrence to hear of planters who are
now engaged in replanting their crops. For
the consolation of our immediate neighbors we
can assure them that they are not alone in their
misfortunes, for our exchanges contain similar
accounts from all portions of the cotton-grow
ing region.
Cottos Cross.—We still hear the most un
favorable accounts from the cotton planters of
Madison and Yazoo counties. The stand is
bad. the lice continue to eat the cotton, and
much of it is diseased, and nearly dead at the
ground.— Mississippi Creole, Ist inst.
The Cottos Crop.—The unprecedented
cold and wet weather which characterized the
months of March April, and the first week of
Mav, was followed by several days of very hot
weather—The effect of which was to dry the
soil rapidly, and wilt up the cotton, and check
its growth In fact the hot sun and the lice to
gether, had, we understand, up to Wednesday
last, not only stopped the growth of the cotton,
but iu many instances entirely killed it. On
Wednesday and Thursday last we had very
heavy rams, which, whilst doing serious injury
to the soil—especially by the hill sides—have
no doubt washed off the lire Truly the pros
pects for cotton are decidedly bad—icorse, in
the opinion of several planters with whom we
have conversed within the last few days, than
they have ever been known in this section.—
Greensboro (Ala.) Beacon, Ist inst.
Tur Cottos Crop.—The Alabama Com
monwealth, of the 30th ult., says—•' A very in
telligent planter remarked to us yesterday,
that never within his recollection had the proa
pect for a crop of cotton been as gloomy at
this season of the year. It i» now *{*•, usujal
time for cotton to bloom, but in place of blooms,
not one plant in ten thousand has squares up
on it. The crop generally is at least a month
later than in ordinary years. It is but just now
recovering from the effects of the lice—that is,
what they have left of it—for in some instances
they have so completely ruined it, that the
crops are now being re-planted, while as a
general thing the stand is to an unexampled
degree bad.
It is early to speculate as to the final yield,
but, if every circumstance be favorable from
this time out, the crop will still, in all proba
bility, be a short one.
The Cottos Blooms.—The announcement
in yesterday’s paper of cotton blooms in Co
necuh counts conveyed an erroneous impres
sion. Upon further inquiry we learnt that one
blossom only had been seen there, and that pro
bably on a “volunteer” etalk that had been
sheltered from the cold weather. It is a fact
beyond dispute that the growing crop is more
backward than in any former year, particularly
on the river bottoms and prairie lands, and we
have no idea that a single bale of Ihe new crop
will be received here before the Ist of Septem
ber. — Mobile Tribune, let inst.
The Crops is Alabama. —The Greensboro
Beacon of the 25th inst. says: It is now—the
day we write—the 23d of May, at which date
cotton is usually beginning to bloom, and corn
about waist high. At present, whilst the most
forward and promising cotton in this section
is, we understand, not more than 3 to 4 inches
high, much of it is barely up, and several plan
ters, as they have this day informed us, are en
gaged this week in replanting. Nor is the
corn looking much if any better. Except the
present week, and probably some 8 or 10 days
besides, all told, the spring has been altogether
too cold and too wet for cotton ; in fact, the
coldest and the wetest we have ever expe
rienced in Alabama, though we have had an
experience here of I4springs. Besides which,
the lice ere doing much damage to the cotton.
Asa natural consequence of such unpropitious
influences, the prospects for both cotton and
corn, are most unpromising. Compared with
this time last year they are generally consider
ed worse in this section Nothing, it may.b*
safely asserted, short of a combination of th*
most favorable circumstances, can secure
year anything like a good cotton crop,
in this section, or in the cotton growing region'll
, ir careful examination ot
our exchanges, we are satisfiedtha the pros
pects throughout the cotton growing region
are generally as bad as in this section.
Ths Wheat Crop.—We regret to learn
that the Wheal crop has suffered very severe
ly from the rust The attack seems to have
been quite sudden, and the ravages unusually
severe. In many places, entire fields have
been so completely destroyed that the farmers
have not pretended to cut their crops, but
turned their stock upon them. In other places
the destruction has been partial; but every
where, as far as we can learn, the quali'y of
the grain will be decidedly inferior. We re
gret thia exceedingly, as it will very materially
injure some of our most enterprising citizens ~~
who have embarked largely of their means in
the construction of merchant mills, under the
impression that the increased supply of Wheal
would warrant the outlay.— Jour. Sf Mee.
The Fort Gaines, (Ga.) Enterprise of the
Bth inst. says:
“ The accounts from all parts of the country
in relation to the growing crops continue to ba
unfavorable. Wu have lately been in Alabama
and have seen some cotton over there that will
not without great change make 100 pounds to
the acre.”
The Albany (Ga.) Patriot of the 7lh inst.
save :
The cotton and corn crops in this county
are generally some three weeks later than nsiN
al, and we now hear much complaint of iu-x.
juries to the cotton plant from lice.” ’
_ POLITICAL __
From the Cassville Standard
Tbe Leiters of Sir. Crawford and Judge
Colquitt.
These letters, the ostensible objects of which
were merely to signify their acceptance of ap
pointments as delegates to the Nashville Con.
vention, the one addressed to Gov. Towns,
and the other to a legislativecommittee, which
so far as that object is concerned could have
been very easily and properly accomplished
by half a dozen lines, are found the one to
fill nearly two columns, and the other about
eight of close print in a newspaper of respec
table size. This, if there was nothing more,
must < onvince all that the ostensible objects of
the writers were not the real ones. None can
believe that Mr. Crawford could not have sig
nified his acceptance with greatly more brevi
ty ; or that it is in the scope ofhuman vanity,
that Judge Colqnitt could have conceived it
necessary to fill eight columns merely to inform
a committee of his acceptance? Mr. Craw
ford, however, would seem to have more rea
son for the length of his'letter than Judge Col
quitt had. He discloses the somewhat strange
fact, that the Governor not only requested that
he should‘signify his acceptance of the ap
pointment without he,ilancy,' but that heshould
also signify that he did so ‘without doubt as to
the propriety and necessity for the meeting of
the Convention.’ Truly this was a most sin
gular request of his Excellency. A mere ac
ceptance of the appointment it seems would
not satisfy him, it inns’, be done without ‘hasi
-..a uw awcpmi must also shrive him
self io this new political confessor, and declare
that he accepted ‘without doubt as to the pro
priety and necessity for the meeting of the
Convention? Truly may it be said, we have
fallen upon strange times.
Insetting about complying with the require
ments of the executive, Mr. C. admits, “it will
be a matter of astonishment to some that he
accepts/’and to more that he should “say the
necessity for holding the convention has not
been set aside.” 1 atn not one o( those who
feel “astonished” at either of these occurren
ces. I know too well the effect of that sort of
vanity which falls to the lot of very many
mortals besides Mr. Crawford, to see them
selves in prominent situations and their names
figuring in public as members of any sort of
convention, ever to hope that any state of things
could occur that would prevent some from
wishing to goon to Nashville as delegates;
in this! am not disappointed. At first he says
he doubted, but after some most awkward rea
soning by which he informs us those doubts
have been removed, and certainly the loosest
and most unsatisfactory that ever man suffer
ed himself to be misled by, he comes to the
conclusion that “he ought not to refuse to
serve those voters in the second Congressional
district who have honored him with their con
fidence.” How many these are he leaves his
readers to conjecture. All however know
that where one has honored him with any such
confidence, there are twenty who have re
fused to bestow any such honor upon him.
He refers to the action of Congress in the
early part of the session and mentions in a
tone of approval the efforts of certain mem
bers of Congress from lhe South by which the
“country was wrought up to such a state of ex
citement and hostility that the dearest lovers of
the Union tremble for its safety.”
(The excitement he speaks of was confined
principally to certain politicians, and legislative
assemblies. The people in this section were
cool, or if excited at all it was mostly against
those who by violence and revolutionary meas
ures were endeavoring to produce excitement.)
Just then, he continues, “ the timid faltered
and all was lost.” What it is that was lost he
leaves us to conjecture; we are not aware of any
thing except it be something of our character
for prudence and propriety of conduct in our
legislative deliberations.
Judge Colquit , who had evidently seen lhe
requisitions made by lhe Gov. on Mr. Craw
ford, proceeds in the outset to give in his
confession of faith, and in a style quite charac
teristic of the Judge he goes /ar beyond Mr.
Crawford, and holds forth in the following
strain :
“ The Nashville contention must be held, deci
site measures must be adopted, and these meas
ures carried out by the South. To dally now
isnotonlya virtual but un actual surrender
of our slave property.” He continues, “ I
know full well that very many in the Southern
Slates feel alarmed for the gaiety of the Union,
should the convention assemble, and the action
of the convention be sanctioned by the peo
ple."
In the same style of positive self reliance
and somewhat Sir Oracle tone he continues
“1 have no fears for the Union of these states”
(Quore : has he any very great love for the
what course we tWliliUjlJi will stand pledged
for the safety of the Union.” However much
we may be disposed to value the Judge’s
pledges in regard to matters, which are under
his own control and to respect bis promise, we
are not disposed to rely on this pledge for the
safety ofthe Union ; should this Nashville con
vention meet and adopt some of the measures
which have been already openly suggested. I
brve seen suggestions from high quarters that
amendments to the constitution most be de
manded as a sine qua non, and such amendments
as no reasonable inan believes are attainable;
from another quarter which has been trumpe
ted forth as from a leading and influential pol
itician of an adjoining state, it is openly pro
posed to dissolve the Union and sieze at once
by force of arms all the territory south of the
latitude of Missouri, 80c. Now if either of
these measures should be adopted, the Judge
must excuse us, if we are not quite willing to
rely upon the ‘ pledge' he offers “ for the safe
ty of the Union.”
There are many more indications besides,
which should leave no doublon the minds of
those who have observed the ‘signs of the limes,’
that there are those among the advocates of
this Nashville convention who well know that
its main object was in its first inception to dis
solve the Union, and that most of those who ad
vocate the measure desire it or are the dupes
of those who do. The difficulty has been to
excite and move the masses; happily thus far
all the efforts forjthat purpose have failed, and
it is to be hoped will continue to fail. The ev
ident object as Judge Colquitt’s letter is to ope
rate upon them, first to wean as many as pos
sible from an attachment to the Union, hence
hie sneer at “General Washington’s farewell
address” and “singing pcans to the Union.”
And secondly to lull the fears of such as can
not be detached from a desire to see it preserv
ed by pledging himself for its safety, “no matter
what measures may beadopted.” I opine the
Judge will find it rather a hopeless task to
shake the confidence of the peeple in the wis
dom and patriotism of Gen. Washington, and
quite as much so, to induce them to place
much reliance on hie pledges.
After a very goodly degree of what I will
not, out of respect to the Judge, call hyperbole
and bombast, as to what the North will do, if
they can be convinced how ready we are, "Co