Newspaper Page Text
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17 Let territorial governments bo established ’
for California, Utah and New Mexico, secur
ing to the inhabitants the right to choose their
iwn officers i the right of self government,
and all rights, except the right of empire over
the soil, in which they do not as yet possess any
right of property; the right to prohibit any
citizen of the United States from migrating
thither with all their property of every desrrip-
the right to tax or interfere with the
di posal of the lands therein on such terms as
Congress may prescribe.
Mr.Cheatham, from Committee on Printing,
reported a proposition from the Union office
to contract for the printing of the convenuoj
ttt The report was received, and a resolution
requiring each member of the Convention to
pay an equal share of the cost of printing was
Convention than adjourned till Mon
day.
Seventh Day, Monday, June 10. —The
Convention was opened this morning wiih
prayer by Rev. Dr. Edgar.
Gen. Pillow arose to propose certain amenn
menu to the address reported on Saturday by
Gen. Gordon, from tne Committee on reso
lutions, but gave way to Mr. Chapman, ol
Ala , who said that the first thing in order, was
the motion for the Previous Question upon
the passage of the resolutions of the Committee,
the further consideration of which had been
of’ Ga., said he hoped the
gentleman from Alabama, would not press
his motion. The resolutions which the Com
mittee had recommended, wete substantially
those offered by Mr. Campbell, of Ala, and
he thought the call for the Previous Question
came with a bad grace from that S ate.
Mr. Chapman insisted upon the call, which
having been sustained, the main question was
put and the Resolutions adopted unanimously
upon a call of the States. The Resolutions
are as follows:
1. Resolved, That the territories of the
United States belong to the people of the sev
eral States of this Union as their common
property. That the citizens of the several
Stales have equal rights to migrate with their
property to these territories, and are equally
entitled to the protection of the Federal Gov
ernment in the enjoyment of tiiat property so
long as the territories remain under the charge
of that Government.
2. Resolved, That Congress has no power
to exclude from the Territory of the United
States any property lawfully held in the States
of the Union, and any act which may be pass
ed by Congress to effect this result is a plain
violation of the Constitution of the United
States.
3. Resolved, That it is the duty of Congress
to provide proper governments for the Terri
tories, since the spirit of American insiitutions
forbids the maintenance of military goyern
menu in time of peace, and as all laws here
tofore existing in territories once belonging to
foreign powers which interfere with the full
enjoy ment of religion—the freedom of the
press —the trial by jury and all other rights of
persons and property as secured or recognised
in the constitution of the United States are
necessarily void so soon as such territories be
come American territories, it is the duty of
the federal government to make early provis
ion for the enactment of those laws whicn may
be expedient and necessary to secure to the in
habitants of and emigrants to such territories
the full benefit of the constitutional rights we
assert.
4. Resolved, That to protect property exis
tingin the several States of the Union the
people of these States invested the federal
government with the powers of war and nego
tiation, of sustaining armies and navies, and
prohibited to State authorities the exercise of
same powers. They made no discrimination
in the protection to be afforded or the descrip
tion of the property to be defended, nor was
it allowed to the federal government to deter
mine what should b - held as property. What
ever the States deal with as properly, the Fed
era I government is bound to recognise and de
end as such. Therefore, it is the sense of this
convention that, all acts of the federal govern
ment which tend to denationalize property
of any description recognized in the constitu
tion and laws of the Slates or that discrimi
nate in the degree and efficiency of the protec
tion to be afforded to it, or which weaken or
destroy the title of any citizen upon American
territories, are plain and palpable violations of
the fundamental law under which it exists.
5 Resolved. That the slaveholding States
can not and will not submit to the enactment by
Congress of any law imposing onerous con
ditions or restraints upon the rights of masters
to remove with their propeity into the territo
ries of the United States, or to any law making
discriminations in favor of the proprietors of
other property against them.
6 Resolved, That it is the duty of the fed
eral government plainly to recognise and firm
ly to maintain the equal rights of the citizens
of the several States in the territories of the
United States, and to repudiate the power to
make a discrimination between the proprie
tors of different species of property in federal
legiila* The fulfilment of this duty by the
federal >vernment, would greatly tend to
restore the peace of the country and to allay
the exasperation and excitement which now
exist between the different sections of the U
nion. For it is the deliberate opinion of this
Convention that the tolerance Congress has
given to the no'ion that federal authority
might be employed incidentally and indirectly
to subvert or weaken the institutions existing
in the states confessedly beyond federal juris
diction and control, is a main cause of the dis
cord which menaces the existence of the U
ion and which has well nigh destroyed the
efficient action of the federal government it-
7. Resolved, That the performance of this
duty is required by the fundamental law of the
Union. The equality of the people of the sev
eral States composing the Union cannot be dis
turbed without disturbing the frame of the
Amencan
holding Stages of po* er to enter into the terri
tories with the property lawfully acquired in
the States. The warfare against this right is
a war upon the constitution, The defenders
of this right are defenders of the constitution.
Those who deny or ienpairits exercise are un
faithful to the constitution, and if disunion fol
lows the destruction of the right, they are the
disunionists.
8. Resolved, That'the performance of its du
ties upon the principle we declare, would en
able Congress to remove the embarrassments
in which the country is now involved. The
vacant territories of the United States, no lon
ger regarded as prizes for sectional rapacity
and ambition, would be gradually occupied by
inhabitants drawn to them by their interests
and feelings. The institutions fitted to them
wou’d be naturally applied by governments
formed on American ideas and approved by
the deliberate choice of their constituents. The
community would be educated and disciplined
under a republican administration in habits of
self government and fitted for an association as
a state, and to the enjoyment of a place in the
confederacy. A community so formed and
organized might well claim admission to the
Union and none would dispute the validity
of the claim.
9 Resolved, That a recogni ion of this principle
would deprive the questions between Texas
and the United States of their sectional char
acter, and would leave them for adjustment
without disturbance from sectional prejudices
and passions, upon considerations, of magnani
mity and justice.
10. Resulted, That a recognition of this prin
ciple would infuse a spirit of conciliation in
the discussion and adjustment of all the sub
jects of sectional dispute, which would afford a
guarantee of an early and satisGctory determi
nation.
11 Reso/ved, That in the event a dominant
majority shall refuse to recognize the great
constitutional rights we assert, and shall con
tinue to deny the obligations of the Federal
Government to maintain them, it is the sense
of this Convention that the territories should
be treated as property, and divided between
tbe sect ons of the Union, so that the rights of
both sec ions were adequately secured in their
respective shares That we aro aware this
course is open to grave objections, but we are
ready to acquiesce in the adoption of the line
of 36° 30' north lati'ude, extending to the Paci
fic ocean, aaan extreme concession upunconsid
orations of what is due to die stability of our
institutions.
12. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this
Convention this controversy should be ended,
either by a recognition of the cona’itutional
rights of the Southern people, or by an equita
ble par itiou of the territories. That the spec
tacle of a confederacy of States, involved in
quarrel over the fruits of a war in which the
American arms were crowned with glurv, is
humiliating. That tne incorporation of the
Wilmot Proviso in the offer of settlement, a
proposition which fourteen Slates rega»d as
disparaging and dishonorable, is degrading to
the country. A termination to this controver
sy bv the (fsruption of the confed-racy, or by
the abandonment of the territories to prevent
such a result, would be a climax to the shame
which attaches to the controversy which it is
the paramount duty ot Congress to avoid.
13. Resolved. That thia Convention will not
conclude that Congress will adjourn without
making an adjustment of this controversy, and
in the condition in which the Convention finds
the question before Congress, it d es not feel
a: liberty to discuss the methods suitable fur a
res’siance to measures not yet adopted, which
might involve dishonor to the Southern
Slates.
Mr. Gholson explained that he could not sns
tain the 13ih resolution as construed by the
address If the address was amended in this
particular, he had no objections io the resolu
tion.
Mr. Dnpont, of Florida, offered the fol
lowing resolution, which was read and refer
red :
Resolved. That should the Congress of the
United States enact any law violative of »he
CouMitiiuonal rights of the slaveholding Stales,
set forth in the foregoing resolutions and
should they furthermore refuse to adjust the
controversy growing out of the slavery ques
tion. upon just and equitable principles and
upon terms satisfactory to a majority of the
slaveholding States, it is the sense of this Con
vention. in such event, that the people of the
slaveholding States, should through their re
spective Legislatures, concert and adopt mea
sures. for the organization of a general conven
tion. to be constituted of delegates from lhe
said States, and to b * invested w ith full power
anda uthority to preseri be the mo de and measure
of redress; provided, that said contemplated
convention shall be convened only in the event
that niue of the said s'avehokiing Stales shall
concur in the call for the same.
Tbe question then coming up on the ado*>-
tioa of the address reported by lhe committee
on Resolutions:
Gen. Pillow offered sundry amendments,
which, he said, were approved by those of h*s
delegation who had examined them The a
mendmenu. together with others, offered by
Messrs. .Morphy, of Ala , Claybrook, ofVa..
Dswvon, of Ga., and others, were read and with
the address re I erred to the committee on Reso
lutions
After Gen. Pillow had read bis amendments,
Mr. Thoa. Claiborne announced they did not
express his sentiments He then gave his
views as to rights and duties of the South, de
claring that he intended to maintain th© consti
tution as it is—that be would not Compromise
that instrument—but desired to transmit it un
impaired to posterity.
Gen. Gordon, from the committee on Reso
lutions. reported other resolutions, and recom
mended their adoption. They were read,
laid on the table and ordered to be printed.
He also reported back numerous resolutions
which had been referred to the committee, and
asked to be discharged from a further conside
ration of them. The report was concurred in
and request granted.
Adjourned io 10 o’clock to-morrow morn
ing.
Does Government ever pay Interest.—
A gentleman of the bar has put us in possession
of a remaakable case—that of the allowance of
interest on the Mexican debt.
By treaty stipulations with Mexico, a Board
of Commissioners was appointed to adjudicate
on the claims of American citizens for*injuries
inflicted by the .Mexican authorities. The
amount allowed was to be paid by instalments
to lhe American government, with interest af
ter a certain period. Our Government issued
certificates to the holders, to pay them at pe
riods corresponding with the Mexican pay
ments. Mexico, however, paid only a portion
of the debt, and this neglect was one of the al
leged cau-es of lhe war.
By lhe last treaty our government assumed
the payment of the debt Under this stipulation
two questions arose between the government
and trie creditors.
First—Whether interest was due on those
insialments after their maturity.
Second—Whether this interest should be
compounded.
These were decided by Secretary Walker
after elaborate argument from some of the
most emirent lawyers at Washington—Mr.
Toticy, Mr. Polk’s Attorney General, for »he
Government and for the claimants, among
others, by Mr. Gilpin, the Attorney General
under Mr. Van Buren. Tha decision teas in
favor of the creditors on both points The sum
thus allowed, amounted to nearly a quarter of
a million. The Washington papers have not
noticed this important case, and we now call
their attention to the records of the Treasury
Department. — N. 0 Crescent.
The Nashville Union, which is the leading
1 Democratic paper in Tennessee, in speaking
of the various plans of compromise, or ad-
> justment, before Congress, says : “It is time to
I take sides. IFe take lhe side of the compromis
bill. 1f
’ All the papers in Tennessee, as far as we
- have seen, are in favor of the compromise
» plan of the Committee of Thirteen—they
want lhe question sealed.
• The Administration and the Compromise.
1 —The New York Courier 8? Enquirer, of tbe
j. 3rd inst., contains the following paragraph :
I “ We are particularly struck with the unanimity
which pervades the Whig p ess in every section of
the Union, in regard to the President’s plan of Cotn
’ promise. The leading Whig journals of every South
ern, as well as every Northern State, concur in com
mending it as by f«r the most truly national, and the
' most satisfactory plan that has been presented. Its
• simplicity, its feasibility, and the thorough recogni
i lion of the fundamental Republican principle of self-
government upon which it is based, unite lo give it
favor and strengifi with the great mass of the people,
which will ensure its success.”
The Washington Republic of a recent date
has an article which makes substantially the
same statement as the foregoing. The Courier
’ Enquirer says “ the leading Whig journals
of every Southern State concur in commend
ing it (the President’s plan) as by far the most
truly national and the most satisfactory plan
that has been presented?’ This is a reinarka
ble assertion, and must be attributed either ton
desire, to misrepresent the southern whig press,
or to the gross ignorance of the editor. No
thing could be further from the truth. There
is not a single Whig paper in Georgia, which
advocates the “ President’s plan." There is
not one in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana
Texas, Florida, Arkansas, South Carolina,
r North Carolina, nor indeed in any Soujhern
t State, so far as we are informed, except in Vir
p ginia. The Richmond Whig, which always
takes its cue from the Washington Republic, is
( lhe only Whig paper in any of the Southern
States, that we have heard of, which sustain*
tne plan referred to. Nor is there a Democra*-
( ic press any where at the South which gives it
the least favor Instead, therefore, of “ the
leading whig journals of e’ery Southern State
p concurring” in the mode of adjustment recom
mended by the President, there is but ore oi
any kind,and that one has changed its ground
—for it originally advocated the compromise
( reported by Mr. Clay. What a pregnant fact
( is this to the administration and the Northern
( people! Here we have fourteen or fifteen in
dependent states of this Union, containing a
I population of over ten millions, and having at
, stake slave properly to the amount of seven
' teen hundred million dollars, upon which it is
r attempted to force a scheme for the settlement
r of lhe slavery question, which every paper
within iheir limits, with only one exception.
( concurs in condemning. This is » breaker
( against which the administration, if it is wise,
, will not willingly steer the ship of state.
r The Courier 8c Enquirer and the Washington
, Republic have made a great mistake, to apply
’ to their assertions no harsher epithet. If they
had said that the leading whig papers (with a
majority of those attached to the democratic
j party) of every Southern Stale, united in re
commending the compromise of the commit
tee of thirteen, they would have told what is
8 true. In Alabama no whig paper has come
; out against it. and there is but one in this State
which opposes it. In Tennessee and Kentucky
and the southwest, both parties are emulous in
f its advocacy. The same is true of North Ca-
was to be expected, and is conclusive evidence
that lhe compromise ought to be received by
t us. Indeed, objectionable as some of its fea
| tores are to a portion of our citizens, we ha
zard nothing in saying that a vast and over
whelming majority of the people of the slave
holding States, wbigs and democrats, are wil
ling to receive it as a compromise of existing
difficulties.— Savannah Republican.
From the New Orleans Picayune 7th inst.
i Examination of Gen Narciso Lopez
i Gen Lopez arrived in *h»s city this morning
lor lhe purpose of surrendering himself to the
U. S. Marshal, in accordance with a previous
statement to that effect which we published in
» our paper of yesterday morning. The follow
i ing is a copy of the letter addressed to tbe U.
> S. Marshal by Gen. Lopez :
7>ansZa/ion.
Pass Christian. Jane fi, 1850.—T0 the Mar-
I shal of tne Unied 'lutes in New Orleans: Sir—
r Having undcrNtood that you desired to see me in re
; la'ion to matters connected with your office, I take
i the liberty of informing yon that for that pijqiose I
shall repnir t<> lhe city to-morrow, and shad await
your commands in the gentlemen’s parlor of the St,
Charles Hotel from 4 to 6 o’clock in the afternoon.
Wiih great consideration and respect. I subscribe
myself your obedient servant,
(Signed) Narciso Lopxz.
At 10 o’clock, the writ of arrest having
been served on Gen. Lopez, he appeared in
the U. S. District Court, accompanied by Ins
counsel, Messrs. John Henderson, S. S. Pren
tiss, and J Sigur. The court room was crow
ded with on.- citizens, who evinced great inter
est, and much excitement prevailed.
Gen. Lopez is a man about 45 years of age.
middle size, rather stout, da'k complexion
with very black eyes, and black eye brows,
high forehead hair slightly gray, and with gray
whiskers under his throat tie was dressed
very plain, in blue linen pants, and a b’ack
dress coat, dark vest and blue cravat, with no
attempt at show, and without any thing partic
ularly striking about him to attract a.tention.
The District Attorney for the United States
Mr. Hunton, annonced lo the court, that Gen.
Lopex was present under an order of arresst,
and he desired lo know when it w'ould suit lhe
convenience of the court to proceed with th*»
examination. He then proceeded to read
the order of arrest, and the affidavit made by
Juan Y. Laborde, the Spanish Consul, which
stated in substance ’hat he verily believed that
on lhe 7th of May last. Narciso Lopez di«i be
gin and set on foot, and did prepare and pro
vide the means for a military expedition and
enterprise to be rained on from the United
Stales at;ainst the Island of Cuba.
The court said it would be prepared to take
the case up on Monday next, and* that the ac
cuse.l might be bailed.
Mr. Henderson here rose and said he did not
see how tbe court could ask bail on such an
affidavit, wh en made no specific charge what
ever, even if lhe accused had been guilty of
the blackest crime. The Spanish Consul had
said he •* verily believed ” ati offence had been
committed, but no faei had been sworn to in
the affidavit. Hundreds might swear that they
believed the contrary. Would that be evi
dence ? Was this enough for the Spanish
Consul to take away the liberty of a man t
No. Some fact must be sworn to. some offence
must be alleged, and no belief of the Spanish
Consul would be sufficient in an affidavit for
.tn order of arrest. If the Spanish C ni«ul
should be tried for perjury, ha could uot be
found guilty, on an expression of mere be
lief.
Mr Hunton was astounded at the objection
akin by the learned counsel. A warrant had
tbo n issuedon grounds which he believed sutfi
cient to arrest the accused. He had never
understood that criminal practice required that
in aualhdavit the time, place and facts should
be stated.
Mr. Henderson replied and cited the case of
the United States rs. Skinner, Don Manuel
Igoa eta!., before Judge Livingston, for their
discharge on a charge of tilting out two vessels
at New York against a foreign power, and
contended the affidavit was insufficient.
Mr. Huntou contended that the case did uot
touch the question It did not state what should
be the form of the affidavit, the question in
that case was the nature of the offence and not
the charge. He then cited from Chitty's Crimi
nal Law.
Mr Prentiss spoke at great length, and was
replied to by the District Attorney. The
court took the question under advisement and
adjourned unfit 10 o’clock to-morrow morn
ing. when it will deliver its opinion.
Gen. Lopez was bailed in the sum of S*JOOO
for his appearance at that time. Records
Caldwell became his security on the bond.
From tie N. O. Bulletin, 13th lust.
Tub Loria Exxmisatiox.—There is proba
bly uot a mart or boy m the city, who is not
morally convinced that Gen. Lopez, and vari
ous other individuate now here, were concern
ed in the recent expedition t»Cuba. aided and
assisted in fitt ng it out, and that Gen. Lopez
actually accompanied it in the Creole. and
landed and fought at Cardenas The facts of
the case are too notorious to admit oi serious
denial, and no man can be found, even among
the friends of General Lopez, who would ven
lure to make a demal as to his positive beluf,
and there are hundreds no doubt in the city,
who have actual knowledge on the subject.
Yet, with all this, there will probably be great i
difficulty in proving it legally. The proceed
ings show that when a witness is produced who
could probably testify to the fact, he is immedi
ately excused under the plea that by answering
he might implicate himself, and in this way
witness after witness leaves the stand, whose
testimony, had it been elicited, would have
piled “ Pelion on Ossa,” in the way of evi
dence of the most overwhelming character,
and rendered ere this all further proceedings
unnecessary, in the present stage of the affair.
Whether lhe result which has thus far been
produced, is the fault of the law or the admin
istration of the law, we are nnab'e to say,
though we cannot but think some of the wit
nesses have been most unnecessarily excused
from answering questions, that could in no wise
implicate themselves as being concerned in the
expedition, and yet would have had a bearing
on the subject before the Court.
We only do justice to lhe exertions of Mr.
Hunton, the United States District Attorney,
lo say, that he has been most active and zeal
ous in the discharge of his duties, and if the
majesty of the law is not vindicated in the
present instance, it will not be from any lack of
zeal or attention on his part. Until yesterday,
he had fought the battle alone, but under au
thority to that effect from Washington, he has
now called in Mr. Benjamin, and he ce tainly
could not have made a more eligible selection
to aid him in the future progress of the case.
cprjp TTTTipTrT Y
1 JclJu W JuJujaJL X
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AUGUSTA, GA.:
WEDNESDAY MORNING,** JUNE I 9«
Mr, Clay's Speech.
“ We have read the speech of Mr. Clay, made on
the occasion of his calling for the consideration by the
Senate, of the bill reported by the .-elect committee
of thirteen. His great effort seems to be to make
this miscalled compromise palatable to the north
while it still concedes every thing to the sooth. The
opposition of some southern members to the report, is
a mere ruse, and we should think a very transparent
one, to induce northern members to support it. Mr.
Clay, in his speech, makes use of the same artifice,
by pretending to answer the objections of southern
members, for which purpose he raises questions
against the plan, of the racist puerile and HriaginaFy’’
ha racier, the force of which he instantly demolishes,
io show northern memb rs now stoutly he can argue
in their saver, or ai least to show how extremely dis
interested he is. He makes a lame attempt to dis
guise his hostility to the President’s plan, and avers
that his own coincides with that plan so tar as it
uoes. He takes *’ the occasion to say that he came
to Washington with the most anxious desire—a de
sire which he still entertains—to co-operate in his
legislative position in all cases in which he could
conscientiously co-operate with the executive branch
of the government. He need not add, however, that
he came there also with a settled purpose to follow the
dicta lea of hie own judgment, wherever that judg
ment might carry him.” Had Mr. Clay adhered to
bis first position, in favor of the admission of Califor
nia. separate from any other proposition, the north
would have had some reason to respect his preten
sions to impartiality on this subject, but his “judg
ment has carried him” clear over to the southern
view of it, and he is now found the leady coadjutor
of Foote, a man more universally detested by the
north than any other in Congress.”
The above extract is made from an editorial
of the Jamesville (Wisconsin,) Gazette, and
may serve to show the reader the means re
sorted to by the fanatics and ultra men of the
free slates, to excite lhe prejudices of the pub
lic mind against the compromise measure.
Here at tlie South, the same class of men as
sure us that the compromise sacrifices the
South to the North—yields up entirely
Southern rights to Northern aggression. That
ths bill cannot, if passed, be obnoxious to two
such opposite objections is perfectly clear to
every intelligent mind. What then is probably
the truth in reference to lhe true character of
this measure ? This is an important inquiry,
and a proper response to ic may serve a valua
ble purpose in enlightening the minds and
forming the opinions of many whose patriot
ism and sense of justice prompt them to do
right. Above you have the declarations of the
two ultra factions in the free and slave Slates
as to its character, while the moderate, conser
vative men in Congress, such as Clay, Cass,
Webster, King of Ala., Manqum and Dick
inson of New York, and a host of others, '"ho
might be named in and out ofCongress, whose
patriotism has never been questioned, who
assure us the bill is such an adjustment as will
be alike honorable and just to ail sections—by
which neither section yields any of its rights
or privileges under the Constitntion. Who
then is it safest to follow? or with whom will
the intelligent and reflecting men of the South
prefer to associate ? Such men as Cass, Clay,
Webster, and King? Or will they prefer to
proclaim Seward, Clemons, Hale, Turney,
and Giddings, as their chosen standard-bearers,
and follow whither they lead in opposition to
the compromise? Will intelligent Southern
men place themselves under the lead of these
fanatics and ultraiats of the North and South,
whose highest ambition is to _keep_thia-. J
thereby? We think not. On the contrary
unless we greatly mistake the intelligence and
patriotism of the Southern people, they will be
found rallying, with few exceptions, with Clay,
Cass, King and Webster, as securing the
surest prospect for the peace and prosperity of
ibe country
Sound Conservative Views.
The New York Commercial Advertiser clo
ses a notice of Professor Stuart’s defence of
Mr. Webster’s speech, with lhe following
patriotic sentiments. They are worthy of all
commendation, and should be impressed upon
the mind of every American citizen for their
conciliatory tone and spirit :
“ We desire to sec this whole controversy settled
forever, hut this can only be done by giving to -a ch
section of the country—lhe free and lhe slave states
equally —all that the constitution ensures or was in
tended to ensure to them. B »th North and South
have, we think, lacked that kind’y disposition, that
mutual desite to arrange a difficulty, which friendly
nations would have s own, and it is pretty evident
that b tlh tire conscious of this. Each lime
was unwilling to come down and offer terms of re
conciliation. When at length Mr. Ulay and Mr.
Webster went in front of the respective sections ihey
represent, and uffered compromise, it seemed that
each mast fall, pierced with (he javelins of his own
friends. For a long time each stood almost uione in
his noble end patriotic, because conciliatory, altitude,
and the latter gentleman was bitterly assailed by
those whose quarrelsome disposition was rebuked by
his self-sacritice on the altar of his country's good.
B it Northern men are not made of impulses and
i assume only. A stern sense of justice lies at the
bottom of their character, and a love of union.—
These have coroe to the rescue and a spirit of com
promise ts spreading in the North. It would be
well if the South would evince more of the same
spirit, and such a course we advise them to adopt
unless they would do themselves injury.”
Letter from Mr. Webster.
The following letter from Mr. Webster,
in reply to a complimentary address from a
large tnunher of lhe citizens of Medford, Mass.,
approving the sentiments of his late speech in
the Senate, will be read with profound inter
est, and a high appreciation of its just and pa
triotic spirit and sentiments by every Ameri.
can. If those to whom Ins been committed
lhe adjustment of lhe grave questions which
agitate the country, were influenced by as pure
and lofty a patriotism as this letter breathes in
every word and sentence, lhe public mind
would not now be subjected to a painful anxie
ty. But unfortunately this is not the case; on
the contrary, demagogueism rules the hour,
and the country mourns.
Washington, June 3.
Gentlemen— l thank you f«r your letter of the 31
of M»y last, expressing satisiaettoo with the senti
tneuis of my speech in the Senate, on the great qDes
tin which new divides the nation, and tendering
your thanks for my services in strengthening and pre
serving our glorious Union.
Gentlemen, we have a country which we love, and
of which we are proud. We have a government,
under which that country hae prospered for sixty
years, in a degree surpassing everything which has
been known in the history of miukmd. And this
e<wern«ncnt is founded ou lhe union of the Stales,
which union is established, defined, and sanctioned
by tha Constitution of th? United States. And. gen
tlemen, I can conceive no rashness or filly greater
than that which would either seek to overturn this
G<msfiiution, or by unprincipled agnation, by henied
local controversies, or by angry mutual criminations
and recriminac.ons between di tie rent parts of the
country, would effectually weaken the bonds which
hot i the Coion together. Il has been.it is, and it
will he, my great object to preserve and strengthen
tbe Union—to establ sh it, deeper and stronger, in
the regard and affections of tbe p ople. I wish to
see all (he powers vested in the government by ibe
Ccnsiiturion administered with so much prudence,
impartiality, and patriotism, that every State, and all
tr.e people of every State, should feel, profoundly,
that the un on of the States, as now existing, is hon
orable. useful, and indispensable tn the prosperity of
every part of the country. And with this purpose
always uppermost in my mind, and always filling
my heart, I studiously avoid useless local eontrever
sies, useless abstract questions, and ever,thing else
which unnecessarily exasperates, embitters, or
wcunds the feelings of ant portion of lhe United
Stales. And I have no doubt, gentlemen, that veu
and the great body of jour fellow citizens of Mssnd
chusetta, approve these sentiments and opinions, and
wilt sustain th.>»e who honestly act u|oo them. I
have no fear that that great State, which has been
among the first and toreojost L r Uixiim from early
U<Juaial limes down to the present moment, —I have
no fear thar ihat great State, which poured out h r
blood and her treasure, like water, in tbe revolution
ary struggle, and afterwards strained every nerve,
and ever} muscle, tor the establishment of the pre
s- nt < enscut’.oo ; —that State, which has enjoved so
fully, and felt so sensibly, the benefits derived from
this united government; I have do fear, not the
leas’, not a particle, that the Commonwealth of Mas
saehuaeUs wilt ever expect, from those with whom
she has entrusted her interests in Congress, any thing
but uprightness and fairness, impartialii» and justice,
and a spirit tlMt seeks rather to reconcile opposing in
terests, and allaying irritated feelings, than to foment
discord, or losow. or to cultivate, the seeds of jeal
ousy and disunion.
I am, geniiemen. witheatire regard, your obliged
tatloe-ciiizen and obedieot servenl.
PaxniL WgasTZa.
The Arkansas Shield says that the town of
Helena is becoming free from water, and a
man may now ride into its streets without in
curring the danger of drowning.
Town Lots in Calhoun.
The Justice* of the Inferior Court of lhe
now County of Gordon, have selected the site
for the County Town on the Western and At
lantic Bailroad (the same as Oothcaloga,) and
named it Calhoun. By reference to the ad
vertisement, in another column, it will be seen
that the Court offer t' e Town Lots for sale.
As the town is located in a densely populated
and very fertile region of the State, we doubt
notit will soon become a flourishing village.
Tile Nashville Convention.
As the full report of the proceedings of this
body will doubtless be much more satisfactory
to many readers, than the incomplete sketches
by Telegraph, we have concluded to give them
a place in our columns, and therefore com
mence their publication this morning, which
will be concluded as rapidly as our space will
permit.
In glancing over the delegation from Geor
gia, we felt some curiosity to see how many
voters they represented, and therefore address
ed ourself to the investigation, by which we
ascertained the following results: Messrs
McDonald and Colquitt, were appointed
by the Legislature, and may therefore, be re
garded as representing that body. Of-the
others in attendance, Messrs. Benning, Craw
ford, Gibson and Fouche were elected by the
people of their respective Congressional dis
tricts, and received in the aggregate 2,409
votes, whom they may bo considered as re
presenting. The remaining four are appoin
tees of Gov. Towns, and may be supposed to
represent his Excellency.
Georgia numbers probably one hundred
thousand voters, and yet these men who re
ceived less than one fortieth part of them, as
sume to represent her in this assembly. What
a commentary upon our system of govern
ment, in which a majority assume the right to
govern.
Since the foregoing was in type we find the
following letter in the Charleston Mercury,
purporting to give an abstract of the report
made by the committee of two from each
State, to the Convention. We take it for
granted that this correspondent is in the coun
cils of the South Carolina delegation, if not
one of them, and therefore gives a faithful our
'line of the report. Os one thing we feel cer
tain, if »he report reflects the ultraisms of Mr.
Rhett, it will be only acceptable to a mere
faction of the Southern people. In reading
this letter, the denunciations which this faction
have heaped on lhe Missouri Compromise, as
a concession made in the first instance by the
South, will not fail to recur to the reader's
mind. ” Consistency thou art a jewel.”
Nashville, June 7, 1850.
The Committee will report to-morrow the Address
to the People of lhe Southern Siates. It is attributed
to the pen of Mr. Rhett of your State, and from the
information that has reached me of its purport, I may
say with same confidence it will meet with your ap
proval. The telegraph will have apprised you, be
fore this letier is received, of its character and proba
bly of its adoption by the Convention. For it is bare
ly possible they will reject it, or modify it in any ma
terial feature. But as you may not get a ropy of it
quite so soon by mail, 1 will state to you its conclu
sions.
Tbe events of the slavery agitation from 1334, are
summed up in brief but intelligible terms, their sig
nificance explained, and the interests and po.-itions of
the South as she has been affected by them, argued
and defined. The North is held responsible fcr all
the fatal results and promises of this agitation, and
the South is lebuked tor her unwise and spiritless
submission ,to protracted wrong. The Compromise
scheme is taken to pieces, and alter a thorough ex
amination of its parts, the whole is denounced as a
fraud anti a scheme of poorly disguised encroachment.
The Missouri Con promise Line of 36 deg. 30 min.
running to the Pacific, accompanied by a distinct
recognition of it us the partition line between the
North and South, all lhe territory lying South of it
to be open to African slavery, including the Southern
part of Calif iruia,—is recommended to the South for
acceptance, if (he North chores to propose if. But it
is recommended as the lust and utmost concession.
In the meantime lhe Convention declines, whilst
Congress has the mutter under consideration , recom
men ling any practical mode of redress. But the
southern States are advised to send Delegate; to an
aHjourned meeting of the Convention after the rising
ot Congress—from the States and Districts that have
failed lo be represented at Nashville, to take into con
sideration the remedy which lhe circumstances may
require.
The resolutions are understood to be chiefly the
work oi Mr. Campbell of Alabama.
English Ocean Steamers*
Great, and wo may a ,J d grind, as has been
the enterprise of the English government in
lhe advancement of Ocean Steam navigation,
all her former projects dwindle into compara
tive littleness compared with that now on foot,
which is to connect with a fleet of first class
Steamers, England with the West Indies,
Mexico, Brazil and the Pacific. The follow
ing outline of the plan will furnish the reader
an idea of the magnitude of this gigantic en
terprise :
“ There is to be a great trunk line of steamers; or
as the Times well calls it, a “great steam bridge”—
direct from Southampton to the Isthmus of Panama.
Every fortnight, a first class steamer is to sail from
Southumpton by this line, stooping first at the Island
of St. Thomas, which distance it will accomplish In
about twelve days. In St. Thomas’s Bay three
branch steamers will be waiting; which, receiving
Mexi
co—anoiher to Porto Rico, Hayti, Jamaica, San Jago
de Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua, &c.; a bird to the
Windward and Leeward inlands, as far as Dema
rara.
“ The main line-steamer, h iving thus disposed of
ts branch mails, will steatn on from St. Thomas’s
direct for the little town of Chagres, on the Isthmus
of Panama. Here it will disembark its Pacific mails
for transmission across the isthmus, and receiving in
return the homeward mails from the Pacific, will be
ready for its return voyage. Steaming back lo St.
Thomas, it will there find the three branch steam
ers, whose return voyages from the three above men
tioned routes will be so arranged that they shall al
ways, (except in rase of accident) arrive in time to
give and take mails with the trunk-steamers; then
it will proceed direct to Southampton, bringing lhe
Pacific mails, and the mails of the three loregoing
West Indian routes. It is calculated that, by this
system of oirect Atlantic steamers, an accelerated
communication of from twelve to sixteen days will
be secured for all the ports concerned.
To correspon I with these arrangements for the
Atlantic side ot America, it is in contemplation by
the Admiralty, “to agree with the Pacific Steam
Navigation Company tor a fortnightly mail to and
from Panama and Valparaiso, in place of the present
monthly steamer.” This will bring Chagres, and
consequently England, into much chser approxima
tion to the western coast of Sou’ll America.
There is to be a monthly mail to Brazil, with an
independent line of packets. ‘ Siariiiitf from Soulh
a t pton, the steamers will proceed to Funchal (Ma
deira,) Santa Cruz (Teneritle,) Potty Prava (Cape
Verde,) Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio Janeiro.—
Fro.n Rio Janeiro there will be a branch packet to
Montevideo and Buenos Ayres.”
“ The dist ir.ee between England and the Biazilinn
ports, according to the preceding arrangements, will
be as follows : —To Pernambuco eighteen or nine
teen days;— Bahia twenty or twenty-one days;—-
Rio de Janeiro twenty-four or twenty-five days.
The Brazil line may be re-tdy by August or Septem
ber next. Tne sum cf £240,000 per annum now
paid to the West India Mail Company for lhe con
veyance of the West India mails alone, will, it is
understood, suffice to cover lhe expenses of the
whole proposed system ; besides which there will be
a retrenchment of £30,000 a year now spent in the
maintaining of Her M’ljesty’s brigs between Pa!-
mouih and Brazil. Ail ih s, we may say in eonelu
Sion, increases the perempiory necessity of the great
canalacross Panama, which will sweep tbe little
town of Chagres out of its present impudent little
ness into noibinMness.”
“Profesßcr Smart, of Andover, N. H., Theological
Seminary, has* in press a defence of Mr Webster
and of his late greai speech in the Senate. It is to
be entitled “Conscience and the Constitution,” and
the professor’s design is to take a Christian view of
the subject.”
The learned professor does not therefore,
belong to that very conscientious class, of
which Senator Seward is the leader, who ac
knowledge the influence of “a higher power”
than their oaths to support the constitution. If
the people of New York do not put a whip
in the hands of every honest man, to lash the
degraded demagogue naked through the world,
there is certainly no excess of moral honesty
among them.
Thk Nicaragua Trkatt.—A Telegraphic
dispatch to the New York Tribune, says: “Our
Government has received official information
of the full sanction of the Nicaragua Treaty
by the British Government ”
Thk Georgia Steamboat Compact has
declared a dividend of eight per cent. See
ad v • r t ise m ent.
Thk Ckstral Rail Road Base has lost
sll4 203.37 by their late Cashier, George J.
Bulloch, $107,168.55 of which was stolen by
him, and the remainder paid for his arrest.
The Hou. Luther Severance, of Maine, has
been appointed and confirmed by the U. S.
Senate, Commissioner of the United States to
the Sandwich Islands.
North Carolina Central Railroad.—We
understand that the whole subscription to this
road has been taken—and that the completion
oi the road is now no longer problematical. It
will constitute an important link in the great
Southern line. It is to connect with the Pe
tersburg and Weldon Railroad, pass by Ral
eigh and terminate at Charlotte, Mecklenburg
county—to which point, a Railroad is building
from Columbia. South Carolina.
The steam propeller Manhattan. 320 tons,
has been conveyed overland from Like Michi
gan to the shore of Lake Superior in two
weeks, and will be launched on the 30th inst.
A letter says that recently, at the Minesota
Mine, on Lake Superior, a mass of copper,
weighing 1000 tons, was separated from the
rock. 35 tons, in masses, had been taken out a
short time previous.
From 15.000 to 20,000 citizens of New York
have signed the petition asking the Senators
and Representatives of the State to vote for the
Compromise Bill.
A hue packet ship of 1300 tons, to be called
the “Lady Franklin,” in honor of the devoted
wife of the missing navigator, is to be launch
ed at New York on the 4th of July next.
In fl am able Gai from Water.
The alleged discovery of Mr. Payke, of
Worcester, Mass., by whiah it was said a bril
liant inflamable gas had been produced from
water at a mere nominal cost, and which has
eicited so much attention throughout the coun
w now strongly doubted. Nor indeed are
we surprisedour only surprise has been that
any credence should have been given to it,
coming as it did from a man of Mr. Payne’s
character, unless vouched for by some man of
character. The Boston Journal, speaking of
it, says:
“ This discovery is so remirkable in its character,
and embraces such important results, that we must
be pardoned for doubling the enti re correctness of
the statement, until we have received stronger de
monstrative proofs than have yet been laid before the
public. It j 8 lrue that tbe light has been exhibited,
and is highly satisfactory, but the mode of producing
it has hitherto been studiously concealed ; nor is it
known, excepting from the statements of the discov
erer, that there is no other agent in its production
than water. Nor is there any thing in the previous
history of Mr. Payne which should lead us, in these
days of humbug and merbid thirst fur notoriety, to
give full credence to his account of the astounding
nature of this discovery, unsupported by testimony
from persons well qualified to test its merits, an.l
who have been allowed an opportunity of so doing.”
The New York Express says:
“Our Gas Company here have but little faith in
the improvement, and have offered 81,000,000 for
evidence of its success, which they say cannot be
given.”
The New Gas Invention. —We have here
tofore published some details of the alleged
discovery by Mr. Paine, of a new principle of
electricity, by which he is able to produce light
and heat to an almost unlimited extent, at
nearly nominal cost. We have also inciden
tally mentioned that an experiment on an ex
tended scale, to test its value, was about to be
made at the Astor House, New York. The
Tribune of Thursday morning communicatee
the following particulars :
xXrrancementsare in progress for lighting the
Astor House by thia process, and it is expect
ed that the trial will be made within a month, as
soon indeed as lhe machine can be prepared
for the purpose. That establishment is now
lighted by gas made by its proprietors on the
premises, and has no connection with any gas
company whatever. The pipes and burners
now used are perfectly adapted to burn Mr.
Pain’s carbonized hydrogen ; all that will be
necessary, will be to detach them from lhe pre
sent apparatus and join them to the new one
The experimentwill be tried under the eye
of lhe «nd other gentlemed, and
collision or trick will be impossible. Every
means will be taken to ensure a fair trial, all
the parties being as desirous of success as Mr.
Paine oi his friends can be. If it succeeds,
the thing will be established. If it fails, that
will be tne end of the affair.
The experiment is to be made to satisfy a
numberofhighly respectable and responsible
parties who propose to buy the patent right
in caseof success. The conditions are that
Mr. Prine shall bring a machine of his con
struction to New York, and produce at a nom
inal expense, say five cents per thousand cu
bic feet, gas enough to light the Astor House
for six successive nights.
Before he commences, the parties in ques
tion are to deposit one hundred thousand dol
lars with some person acceptable to the pro
prietor—John C Pedrick, Esq , of Boston,
who has aided Mr. Paine in carrying on his
experiments for the two past years—to be
paid over to Mr. P. as soon as the trial is de
clared successful. This is b’y way of bonus
or guarantee, in case there should be a failure
to pay over to him the sum of one million
which is to render those parties part proprie
tors of the invention.
The value of lhe patent in the United States
(the city of Worcester excepted, which is re
served for Mrs. Payne) is fixed at ten millions
of dollars, and a joint stock company is to be
formed to manage it. In this company Mr.
Pedrick is to hold from one third lo one half
the stock on lhe remaining part which he sells,
lhe million handed over immediately on the
success of the experiment is to be considered
an instalment, and the remainder is to be made
up by sales of rights. Thus the parries buying
in will receive no dividends until Mr. Pedrick
shall have been fully paid.
Such is the arrangement agreed upon be
tween Mr. Pedrick and these gentlemen. If
the trial here should prove successful, it will no
doubt be carried into effect; if not the New
York speculators will lose nothing, and lhe in
vention will be heard of no more at present.
We devoutly hope fora successful result;
although we shall not be very keenly disap
pointed by a failure.
The Memphis Row.—A Telegraphic de
spatch to the Nashville Banner, furnishes the
following account of the recent fight and killing
in Memphis: “There is great diversity of
opinion as to who commenced lhe assault, but
the general opinion is that Trigg commenced
an attack upon Connell, and in lhe melee Coe
shot and killed Trigg. A general fight ensu
ed, when Coe was attacked by three different
parties, and was shot in the back and fell. Up
to lhe present hour his case is considered very
doubtful. Gaines and Connell closed, and
both were severely wounded; the former by
snndry cuts from a Bowie knife,the latter from
a pistol shot in the thigh. Neither supposed
mortally. It was rumored immediately after
the fight that Coe had died, but it was un
founded.”
A new Planing Machine is in operation in
of pine boards in fourteen
minutes! Grooving and longueing is done
with the same facility, speed and perfection.
Six thousand feet of boards per hour are made
as smooth as the surface of marble, with the
utmost ease. The machine is on an entirely
new principle, being a succession of six sta-
tionary planes, of the width of the boards; the
first one acts as the fore-plane taking off a thick
shaving, and so on to the last one, which acts
as a “jointer’’ or finishing plane, each taking
off a shaving of the full length and width of the
board. The machine is driven by the four
horse power of an engine, and requires only
three men to tend it ; one to put in the boards,
one to remove the shavings and another to take
them off.
This appears to us to be a most remarkable
machine, and we confess the account of its ca
pacity is very extraordinary—so much so that
we are induced to doubt the statement, for we
do not believe that one man can put 6.000 feet
of plank in a machine in an hour. The ma*
chine may be able to perform lhe work, but it
will certainly require more than one manto
supply it with boards.
The Copper Smelting Works now in pro
gress of erection at Detroit are owned by lhe
proprietors of four brass manufactories in Wa
terbury, Conn. These four companies melt
ed 1000 tons of copper during the year.
North Carolina. —The Whig State Con
vention has unanimously nominated Governor
Manly for re-election to the office of Chief
Magistrate of that Slate.
The Wilmington, Del., Journal of Thursday
says: There was a slight frost on Wednesday
morning, the 12th inst. Rather late in lhe sea
son for frost.
The Hon. Thus. C. Hackett, member of
Congress from this State, passed through this
city yesterday on his way home from Wash
ington, in very feeble health.
Baltimore Factories.—The Ellicott’s Mills
Gazette of Saturday says:
The Thistle Factory commenced on the first
instant, to run four days in the week. Thus
all our factories—the Union, Granite, Pataps
co and Thistle, are suffering by tne pressure
in ’he domestic market. Those four commu
nities, embracing a population of two to three
thousand inhabitants, are thrown upon half
work, when the wantsof many are barely sup
plied with the proceed, of full labor. The de
pression is felt by all—lhe mechanic, the store
keeper, and the farmer.
Mr. Gliddon completed the unrolling of the
mummy at Boston on Friday. All the inscrip
tions seemed to make it certain that lhe body
embalmed wm that of IT prieatess, concerning
whose strange eventful history many very po.
etic and impressive speculations have been
made. On completing the unswathing, how.
ever, medical examination showed the body
to be that of a man. The Transcript says-
“Mr. Gliddon remarked that mistakes would
occur in the best regulated families; but in
this case he was very certain that the mistake
occnred 3000 years ago at Thebes, and was
not in his reading of the hieroglypbical inscrip-
tion. He explained how natural!}, in an es
tablishment where hundreds of bodies were
undergoing the process of embahnent, the
ticket migh' have got slipped, and a mummified
man found himself in the coffin intended for
a pnes’ese. His explanation was so ingenious
and satisfactory that the audience received it
with a burst of applause.”
The New Jersey Zinc Company have re
ceived at Newark about two hundred tens of
Zinc ore for the manufacture of zinc and
white paint. The specimens of paint are
said to be of very superior quality, and have
none of the injurious effects which painters
experience from the nse of white lead.
We learn from the Lancaster. Pa., Gazette
that the Safe Harbor Iron Works, located on
the Conestoga, are making railroad iron at rhe
rate of 140 rails per day, or JSO tons per week,
or 7,800 tons per annum. Three steam en
gines. of the respective capacities of 15. 100
and 1’25 horses power, are employed in the
Rolling Milland Blast Furnace. The number
of operatives employed is about five hundred.
The cash expenses per diem exceed SI,OOO.
In concluding his description of these exten
sive works, the editor of the Gazette says:
We had an opportunity also of witnessing
an exhibition of strength, which appeared al
most superhuman. John Williams, a Welch
man. employed in straightening rails, uses for
that purpose a sledge weighing ninety pounds.
Every rail made requires at least seven blows
with this immense hammer to straighten it, and
as all the rai’s are straightened by him. he is
compelled to give nearly one thousand blows
with U every day It would seem as though the
human frame were not capable of such tre- I
metidous exertion, yet Mr. Williams enjoys ex- I
eeUent health, and apparently grows stronger j
with every day’s exercise.
Plank Road Meeting.
Wslmpe it is not necessary to urge upon
our citizens the necessity and importance of
attending the adjourned Meeting at 8 o’clock
This Evening, to act upon the report of the
Committee appointed at the Meeting on Satur
day evening last.
The subject of plank roads is exciting very
general interest throughout Ute country, and
this community have discussed the propriety
of them to some extent—as well in the city as
into the adjacent country. Al, we believe,
who have bestowed any attention on the sub
ject, concur in their utility as affording facili
ties for transportation, and few, if any, ques
tion their value as a profitable investment of
capital.
Under such convictions, we would with all
due deference to the committee and meeting,
suggest the propriety of sounding the meeting
in reference to the building of a road, extend
ing through Burke into Jefferson County, to
Louisville. This, in our opinion, would add
greatly to the interests and business of the city
and should not be overlooked on the present
occasion.
It is believed that a considerable amount
would be subscribed in Jefferson county, and
indeed along the entire line of road, and now is
a very opportune time to put the ball in mo
tion.
Tlie Galphin Claim--Mr, Burt.
The communication of Omega exposing the
Hon. A. Burt, member of Congress from
South Carolina, will attract the reader’s atten
tion. In ’4B, Mr. 8., acting under the obliga
tions of an oath, urged upon Congress the pas
sage of the act to pay the Galphin Claim, and
doubtless voted for it. Then his friend, Dr.
Galphin, was to be served, and he did not hesi
tate to put his hand into the Treasury to pay a
claim, which in 1850, while acting under the
same solemn obligations, he declares *' was
not a just demand against the United Slates."
But in 1850 a political opponent was to be as
sailed. Let the reader compare the letter of
Mr. Burt to Dr. Galphin with the resolution
appended to his report on the Galphin claim
(copied by “Omega,”) and he will have little
difficulty in arriving at the conclusion that some
“honorable gentlemen” have very facUf con
sciences, or that “circumstances alter cases.”
... - -
A Movement in Massachusetts*
The Boston Advertiser contains the follow
ing address to the delegation of that State in
Congress, which is to be circulated for the sig
natures of the citizens of that commonwealth.
That journal asserts that it expresses the opin
ions of most of them, and will therefore be
■ extensively signed. This augurs well for the
progress of conservative views at the North,
’ and we rejoice to see that a similar move is
making in other states, at the North :
To the Massachusetts Delegation in Congress:
Gentlemen—The political state of the country, we
think, justifies and demands the expression of the
opinions and wishes of those of your constituents
’ who feel that the nation is in a dangerous position.
’ We see, on every side, an unprecedented excitement
> of feeling, unfavorable alike to wise counsels and
■ friendly dispositions; and, even in Congress, we
i think we perceive an alarming deficiency of the
• spirit of conciliation and mutual concession. We
i need not remind you that no controversy can be set
tled without a large measure of that spirit on both
s'des. That alone can restore the nation to its ac
customed calmness of progress, and give us that be
neficent legislation 'or which Congress was created,
and without which there can be neither peace nor
1 prosperity ; and we would urge you, by every con
-5 sideration which can be drawn from the recollec
tions of our history, and the hopes of our futurity,
f not to be wanting in your share of that temper which
, will lead to a reasonable adjustment of existing dilfi
-5 culties; to let no pride of power —no desire to ob
| tain advantages, nor to push political rights to an un
, wise extreme —prevent you from adopting measures
’ which will tend to restore peace, prosperity, and
’ kind feeling. We desire to be represented in Con
‘ gress as men acting with forbearance. We trust,
therefore, that you will be induced to give a ready
’ support to th se measures which will most speedily
f produce, and will longest maintain the spirit of
• union. Respectfully. &c.
The Hou. Joseph Henry Lumpkin, of the
Supreme Court of this State, has accepted an
’ invitation extended to him to deliver the open
ing address before the South Carolina Institute
at their second annual Fair in Charleston, in
November next.
The Southern Press.—The Washington
p correspondent of the Columbia Telegraph,
t announces, no doubt authoritatively, that
I Elwood Fisher, author of the pamphlet entitled
“ The North and the South, and Edwin De-
Leon, of the Telegraph, are to be the editors
t of “ The Southern Press,” about to be issued
, at Washington.
f With two such Editors there can be no mis
j taking in advance the ultra character of this
r journal. Would it not have been well in the
) committee to have engaged Editors who could
have extended their mental vision beyond the
r horizon of South Carolina.
Convicted.—Hamilton, one of the trio re
cently arrested in this city for passing counter
-1 fie it money, was yesterday placed iifmuilh-1-
* iiMHWfftf jury
1 were out but a few minutes.
James Thomas, one of the trio recently ar-
* rested in this City for passing couuterfeit
' money, was tried last week in Jefferson coun
r ty, found guilty and sentenced to seven years
imprisonment in the Penitentiary. The other
two are in Jail in this City and will probably
have a trial during the present term of th®
' Superior Court.
Information Wanted*
The following extract of a letter from Gen.
Robert B. Campbell, American Consul at
Havana, to the Hon. VV. C. Dawson, seeking
information as to the relatives and friends of
William Johnson, a carpenter, who recently
died in that city, has been placed in our hands,
with the hope that its publication may lead to
their discovery, and they thereby 6ec<ire his es
tate :
Consulate or the United States, >
Havana, May 8, 1850. $
A carpenter named William Johnson, re
cently died in Havana ol the prevailing Cholera.
He was from Augusta, in your IS late, and if you
could, in any manner ascertain who were his rela
tives or friends, and induce them to take out letters of
administration upon his estate, and send me a power
ol attorney, authenticated by a Spanish Consul, it is
probable I cou d recover from S6O) to SBOO for
them, as I understand about that much was left by
him. As Consul, you are aware, I could uot claim
the amount to be paid over.
The American Union.—it is not often that
the English papers appear to have any correct
idea of our political institutions and the nature
of our Union, but in the following extract of
an article from the London Times, that paper
properly appreciates the inherent strength of
the Confederacy, and the regard which the
American people have shown to it:— Mobile,
Advertiser.
The maintenance or the integrity of the
Union is to the people of the U. S. very like
what the maintenance of the British constitu
tion is to ourselves. A hundred limes over, in
the jargon of parties, or the heat of battle, the
Union has been dissolved, and the suu of the
Constitution has sat for ever But though this
catastrophe is denounced as the inevitable re
sult of every grand contest, in the one country
as in the other—in the Federal Republic and in
the Constitutional Monarchy—such results
would be equally unwelcome and alarming to
every party in the States. The Americans
u-e great license in what we must call amicable
hostility : they fight with each other in all the
ardor of the domestic passions; but they have
too lively a sense of the incalculable advantages
they derive from their Union to sacrifice that
great political power to any accidents of occa
sional warfare. Nothing is more remarkable
or more creditable to the American people,
than the fact that in spite of their reckless
and bold character, their wide and numerous
divisions, and their unlimited freedom, these
States have remained at peace with each other
since the declaration of independence. That
is more than can be said of any other Confed
eration known to history. The Greek States
of antiquity waged continual war upon each
oilier; the Italian States of the middle age
were incapable of a league; even in our own
day we have seen one third of tbe Swiss can
tons subdued by an army of their confederates ;
and the Germanic Conledera ion presents a
melancholy picture of an edifice in rums. The
U. S. alone have retained the sacred deposit
of their national peace inviolate, under the
sanct.on of a common respect for a supreme
authority. That is their chief strength and their
chief glory. From the aggression or hostility
of European Powers they have nothing lt»
fear; bat if ever the evil time should come
when local interests or passions prevail over
the public law, and a disruption of the Union
should ensue, it is not too much to predict that
the whole face of the North American conti
nent would be changed, the habits and neces
sities of war would predominate over those
of peace, the institutions which now suit the
people would become impossible or insuffi
cient, and the New World would, in time,
exhibit, but a melancholy parody of the follies
and vices which have so long afflicted the old-
of mankind.
California Gold.—According to a state
ment in the New York Journal of Commerce,
the quantity of California gold imported into
New York from the 12’h June, 1349, to 4th
June, 1350, was $9 998,347. The value of
gold dust brought by passengers, and not en
tered on manifests, for the same period, is es"
t inated at $4,000 000, making an aggregate of
fourteen millions of dollars for the year.
Boston. Saturday, Jane 15.—A daring at
tempt was made last night to rob ihe Mattawan
Bank, Dorchester The robbers fired a pistol
at the Bank watchman, and the ball passed '
through his hat. The watchman fired in re
turn. when the robbers fled, leaving a lot of
skeleton keys in the road. The watchman «
save chase, when the robbers faced about, and ’
I threatened to shoot him if he advanced. One 1
lof the robbers was wounded, as wnen Uiey !
I est his companions were obliged to lift him in l
I to the buggy wagon, i
New Books,
Gibbons' History of Rome, by Milman. —
Thi, i« a beautiful library edition, got up by
the Me.sre. Harris in handeome etyle, for
forty cents a volume, the first volume of which
has been laid on our table. The long and well
established reputation of this standard work
would seem to render any extended notice of
it unnecessary. Forming as it does, the con
necting link between the history of the Old
and New World, for which the literature of the
age furnishes no substitute, it is among the
most valuable works of the day. Although
the style of the learned author is elaborate and
artistical, it is distinguished for vigor and glow
ing eloquence. The copious notes of Mr.
Milinan render this the most valuable edition
of the work we have seen. For sale by T.
Richards & Sox.
The Pillars of Hercules, by David Urqu
hart, Esq., M. P.t Harper & Brothers —
in .wo volumes.—These entertaining and in
structive volumes contain a narrative of tra
vels in Spain and Morocco in 1848. The au
thor, in displaying the treasures of Spain and
Morocco,exhibits learning and industry, which
render his work replete with valuable informa
tion. presented in a very fascinating garb. It
1 may be had of T. Richards & Sox.
Hixts ox Reform: by Horace Greeley.—
Harper & Brothers, one volume.—This
work is made up of lectures and addresses and
other writings of the author, prepared at va
-1 rious times and under different circumstances,
designed to elucidate the utopian theories and
absurd notions of the Fourierites. The author
is doubtless prompted to the advocacy of his
heresies by an enlarged philanthropy, and
what, in his zeal to do the greatest good to eoci.
qty, he mistakes for an enlightened system of
philosophy. With altogether erroneous views
of the proper means for the melioration of
’ society, it is not surprising that, with a mind so
speculative as Mr. Greeley’s, his work should
abound in the wildest theories. T. Richards
& Sox.
I --
i Harpers’ New Monthly Gazette.—-After
a hurried glance over the pages of this inter
resting monthly, which has just made its ap
pearance, we cheerfully endorse the opinion
ofthe Baltimore American, that it promises to
surpass all others of its class, as it will, at short
intervals, present to the public the best treas
ures of perodical literature—a species of liter
ature which now occupies the attention of the
first writers of the age, in all that relates to
history, criticism, customs, &c. In addition
to these selections, this work will publish the
continued tales of Dickens, Bulwer, Croly,
Warren, &c., as soon as they are issued. Each
number will have a carefully prepared fash
ion plate, and other pictorial illustrations. This
Magazine is designed to suit all classes of rea
ders, and is published al 25 cents a number, or
three dollars a year. An inspection of the
number before us induces us to believe the
work will exceed all the promises of the enter
prising publishers, and we heartily commend
it to public favor and attention. For sale by
T. Richards & Son.
The History of Pendennis, No. 5, by Wm
Thackeray.—Two more numbers will com
plete this most popular work, of a deservedly
popular author. Richards & Son.
Easter Offering, by Frederika Brem
er.—‘ Pho favorable reception of the produc
tions of.Miss Bremer, will secure for the Offer
ing numerous readers.—Richards &. Son.
The Stump Orator, forms the theme for
Carlyle to expatiate on in his own peculiar
style, in No. sos his Latter Day Pamphlets.”
The reader will be highly amused and enter
tained with him. Richards&, Son.
/Eronautics, by J. Wise—l vol., pp. 310;
Joseph A. Speel, Philadelphia.—This pur
ports to be a system in which the author com
prises tho earliest investigations and modern
practice of designed both as a
history and guide to the student. The author,
as the reader is aware, has made numerous
aerial voyages in balloons in various sections of
the Union, and his report of those alone, apart
from the other entertaining and instructive
matter, renders his book a valuable compila
tion. It may be had of Messrs. Dunham &
Bleakley.
Reginald Hastings, by Eliot Wharbarton,
forms No. 143 of Harper’s Library of Select
Novels. The eventsand troubles of the Se
venteenth Century furnish the material for this
work, which combines much of the truth of
history with the excitement and fascinations of
romance. T. Richards & Son.
Losing's Pictorial Field Book of the Re
volution,
the first nu rr uer of this interesting work made
its appearance, we spoke of its scope and cha
racter, being pen and pencil sketches of the
most distinguished persons, scenes and events
of that eventful period. It is admirably calcu
lated to refresh and extend our knowledge of
the history of those times. It may be had of
Richards & Son.
School Examination.
We enjoyed on Monday last the pleasure
of witnessing the examination of the pupils of
Mr. Thos. J. Pope’s Male Institute, on Rey
nold Street, and think it due to the teacher,
that the public and such of his patrons as
were not present, should be advised of his
praiseworthy efforts for the advancement of
the interesting trusts committed to his charge.
The pupils gave satisfactory evidence of a
familiarity with their studies, which, whilst
honorable to themselves and creditable to
their teacher, must have been highly gratifying
to their parents Even amongst the more
juvenile scholars, we saw unmistakable eviden
ces of a devotion to study, which gives pro
mise of high attainments, and proves that Mr.
Pope is not only eminently qualified to im
part instruction, but that he possesses that rare
and far more arduous qualification of a good
teacher—the rendering pleasant the paths of
science. It was particularly agreeable to us
to observe indications of an elevated design in
the course of instruction, chosen by Mr.
Pope. His text books have been select by
discriminating taste and proper judgment ; and
if met by a liberal share of patronage, he can
not fail to be successful.
It would appear invidious to particularize,
since the aptitude and knowledge evinced by
all deserve strong approbation ; and while re
cording our satisfaction at the manner in which
all acquitted themselves, we cannot refrain
from noticing the harmony and good will
which appear to have been maintained be
tween Mr. Pope and his scholars, and which
has enabled them to travel on together in the
accomplishment of their great design with
that unanimity of purpose which should ever
characterize the relations existing between
teacher and pupil.
Mr. Pope has but lately located himself in
Angustn. We are strongly impressed in his
favor, and wish him a success commensurate
with the fidelity with which, wear® sure, he
will meet his responsibilities. To bis pupils
we would say, let your motto be “onward”—
toil on, toil ever, satisfy yourselves with no
present attainments, but press forwards to
higher acquisitions, and you may yet be exem
plars to those who shall fill your seats in after
years. *
For the Chronicle and Sentinel.
You are requested to publish the following
letter. The original has been sent to Wash
ington :
“Washington, 14th August, 1843.
Dear Sir: I have tbe pleasure to say that tbe bill
in which you are in’erested has just been signed by
the Speaker of the House, and will be approved by
the President.
With great respect, your obedient servant,
Armistead Bust.
Dr. M. Galphin.”
Frail memories require remembrancers.—
They are now supplied, because they are re
freshing.
The bill for tbe relief of Galphin passed on
Saturday, the 12’h of August. It was approv
ed on the 14th. (Sunday intervened.) Whose
“ heifer was ploughed” with in the mean time?
The “ will” of the then President was spoken
of as a “ fixed fact.” His approval was known
in advance, or the guessing was so close as to
have astounded the artistic skill of the East.
As “ a dolphin of the woods and a wild boar
of the seas,” we subjoin the following resolu
tion :
‘•That tbe claim of the iepresen’atives of George
Galphin was not a just demand against the United
States.”
Verily “ the plea sure” of *4B acidified in *SO.
It had a vinegar twang, and fit only for com
mon “ pickling.”
In good sooth, the •• will” of the President
was pinched, in 1848, into an “approved”
form. In 1850 it baa been snubbed or smashed.
Oddsbodkins ! Mr. Burt is clever on a congrat
ulation and resolution. Let us be thankful, aud
w *‘Ch. _ Omega.
The Journal of Commerce says that there
are at this time no less than eighteen ocean
steamers—contracted for and on the ways, or
receiving their machinery at New York. Set
ting down their average value at £275 000,
there is here invested, or in process of invest
ment, an aggregate capital of £4,050,000.
SOUTHERN CENTRAL AGRICULTU
RAL ASSOCIATION.
• I
„ „ „ , •«’*»**, u, 1860. 1
Mb. Etditoh; Permit me, through th* medium of (
▼our journal, to call the attention ol the Agricultural I
Societies of the several counties to the subject and
spirit of the enclose I letter from the Muscogee So- !
ciety. I had intended to address a circular to each of
the Societies already organized, asking their response 1
to the call of the Southern Central Agricultural As
sociation, for them to assemble by clubs or large dele
gations at the next annual Fair ; but having casually,
in a correspondence with the Muscogee Club upon
another matter, called the attention of that Club to
the subject, and their answer to the invitation being
so prompt, and in such fine spirit, 1 have thought that
the most appropriate and probably successful mode of
arresting the attention of o:her Clubs, would be the
publication of this answer. Please publish it, and
request other papers in the State to do so.
1 will remark, that in a short time the Annual Cir
cular will be published, and a copy forwarded to the
Members of the Association, and to the officers of the
county societies. In the mean time I urge upon the
attention of all, both Members nnd Clubs, the im
portance of attending to a resolution adopted at the
last meeting of the Central Association, offering a
silver cup worth ten dollars to the individual or club
who shall come up to the Fair, with the most conve
• nient and economical Tent and Camp equipage. The
citizens of Atlanta hare pr pared pleasant nnd beau
tiful enclosed grounds for these tents, and the hope is
’ that the intelligent and enterprising farmers from all
1 parts of the country will come and meet in council
upon their common interest. The Planters of Geor
-1 gia “ under canvass,” will be a scene indeed. Who
“ will not go there to behold it—much more—to be in
t it and of it. Let th? old Societies of Greene, Han
cock, Putnam, Baldwin, Burke, Richmond, Ogle
thorpe, Monroe, Harris, Warren and others, wake up
to s mething like the spirit of this “infant enter-
" prise” of Muscogee. Yours, respectfully,
a David W. Lewis,
j Secretary Central Agricultural Association.
Columbus. June 11, 1850.
! Mr. Lewis —Dear Sir: lain instructed by the
’ President of the Muscogee and Russel County Agri
“ cultural Society, to reply to your invitation to attend
r the Fair to be held at Atlanta. The President has
s appointed a strong delegation to attend, and you may
look for the young Society of the West, to be well re
st presented. You will please accept our thanks for
i the courtesy extended to us, and rest assured it will
’ give us great pleasure to meet you, engaged as we
' are in the common object of elevating the agricultural
s profession to its proper standard, and placing the pro
f ducts of our own South at least on a par with the
most favored legions of the Globe. We hope some
0 day to be able to invite your Society to western
| Georgia, and to be able to exhibit rich fruits of this
our infant enterprize. I am, Sir, very respectfully,
8 yours, Charles A. Peabody,
Corresponding Secretary.
r Wrightsboro Academies*
Warrenton, June 14th, 1850.
i- Dear Sir: —I take great pleasure in die
i charging a duty which I owe to tho patrons of
» education generally, in giving your readers.
(many of whom are in the county of Columbia,)
a brief account of the examinations, which were
had on the sth and 6th inst., at the Female and
Male Academies in Wrightsboro, Columbia. Pro
jerly, this is the business of the Board of Visitors,
of whom I wasone, to publish a report of the exanii
nations. Before separating wo had a conversation
upon the subject, but did not have the time to draw
up a formal report ; I have been waiting some days
with the hope of seeing a sketch of that interesting
occasion, from the pen of the other gentlemen who
composed the committee, and should this meet the
eye of either of my associates, of whom were Col.
1) E. Buller, Dr. Chase aud J. B. Huff, E<qr., they
will pardon me for this communication without hav
ing forwarded it to them for their supervision and
endorsement. My only apology is, that 1 did not,
nordo I now, know the address of all of those gentle
men. I will state however, that in the interview had
after the examination, we all concurred in the opinion
as to the proficiency of the Scholars and the mode of ,
instruction by the Teachers.
The Male department is taught by Mr. Columbus
Richards, who, I have been informed, is an alumnus
of Emory C ’Hoge, and from the proofs given us at
the examination, the labor of the Professors was not
bestowed in vain upon him. Many of his pupils are
young men, comparatively few small boys. The dis
cipline of Ins school of course we could not well
judge of, such occasions are no test of manners or
good discipline—often not of scholarship even; of the
latter however, I believe • speak the sentiments of
the committee, when I say that the examination was
very thorough. as a proof which the examination in
this department was conceded to the committee, with
a general license to examine the classes upon any
portion of the text books, at least as far as they had
progressed. I would not trespass upon your columns
in attempting to give a critical report of the different
studies upon which the classes were examined, let it
suffice to say, that the examination without an ex
ception (that I now recollect of) was creditable in the
highest, degree to both Teacher and scholar.
At night a very large audience seated themselves
in the Grove, to listen to the addresses of the ycung
gentlemen and boys, who are being trained in Elo
cution. The swelling notes from the very excellent
band from Danburg, in Wilkes county, gave notice
that the time had arrived for the young orators of ih a
school, bred under a Georgia Sun, and destined I
trust some day to do their State some service. Some
of the speeches were select, others original, all were
well delivered, evincing a good deal of preparation
for this exhibition of oratorical talent ; the original
pieces were well conceived and written, e en inclu
ding the address upon the frailties of the tender
sex, the sentiments of which, I hope, will not consign
the author to the frowns and jeers of his female
friends. A eulogy upon the lamented Calhoun, by
Master William Jones, was highly impressive, elo
quent and original. The exercises were closed by
an addres.' from your humble servant, upon the im
portance and advantages of a practical education.
The day following was the day set apart fur the
examination of the Females under the charge of
Miss. Butier, a Northern lady, who has been labor
ing to much advantage and with much success for
about two years in Wrightsboro. Her school con
sista of about twenty five or thirty young ladies.
Her mode of insinuation, particularly to the smaller
classes, is novel and very interesting ; the plan she
adopts w:th the young children, is to teach them to
spell by giving the breathing sound. A little class
. J P 6 - 0 . ftgwmi plMMffiiTy-
much beyond their years in spelling, reading, and
even in numbers. I should judge from the examina
tion which the school underwent—embarrassing as it
always is to modest and timid girls, in the presence
of a large audience, that the Preceptress has labored
much in training the young ladies and children tinder
her care. I was struck with the great delight which
it seemed to afford her, in the examination of her
different classes, evincing, what I w.is pleased to see
that teaching with her, was a as well as a
profitable employment. From rny limited observa-
tion, I should judge tfiat much affection existed be
tween Teacher and Pupil; when this is the case
scholars will improve.
Before I close my account of this examination, I
will add a word byway of cornplime t to the exam
ination of the large and interesting class in Botany.
Here the examination was critical and thorough, the
young ladies were provided with many subjects from
i Flora’s Realm, and analysed them with much care
and exactness ; this part of the day’s exercises was
certainly not the least interesting. At five o’clock
on Thursday the examination closed. Tbe exhibi
tion of the ladies came on at 7 o’clock ; and the
young ladies were well provided with essays, which
were read with unaffected and praise-worthy sim
plicity.
The “visit” as enacted by four of the young ladies
(two quite small) was admirably performed, convey
ing a very wholesome lesson upon the importance
and utility of Sunday Schools. “The Discussion”
was quite a refreshment after the labors of the day
were over; the fem de speakers each acted well their
part, entered into the spirit of their different parts,
much to the amusement and gratification, .apparent
ly, of every one After these exercises had been
closed, the audience were addressed by Col. David
E. Butler, ol Washington, upon female education.
The Col. was perfectly at home upon the subject, as
, his courtesy and urbanity always makes him at home
among ..he subjects of the sort of education upon
which he was discoursing. His address was well
received, particularly by those of his audience, who
like to see a fine loaning man, and one who, like
he in—unmarried.
On each day of the examination, the large com
pany was provided with a fine barbecued dinner,
which was served up in that style, which is peculiar
to Columbia. So passed off this interesting occasion,
and long shall we remember the cordial hospitality of
tbe people of Columbia, and particularly of Wrights
boro. The teachers of these schools deserve the
gritilude ol their patrons, and the patronage of the
public. Yours, *
E. H. Pottle.
To the Public.
Justice to ourselves, independent of other cooside_
rations, would prompt us to call the attention of the
public to tbe following presentment of the Grand
Jury for the first week of the present term of this
Session of the Superior Court for this County :
“We present as a nuisance the business Card of
Gray Brothers in the character of SIOO notes. The
circulation cf such species of Cards is calculated in
some cases to deceive the ignorant and unwary.”
It will be perceived from this that our business
Card, as the Jury have been pleased to denominate
it, has become obnoxious to the prying vigilance of
that body, and they have consequently made it the
subject of a presentment, an 1 denounce it as a “pub
lic nuisance.” In order that those who have not seen
the offensive Card, may be able the more properly to
estimate its capacity for “deceiving tbe ignorant and
t i wary,” we would give the public some notion o f
wh t the bugbear is. In appearance it certainly
bears a stroug resemblance to a bona fide Bank note,
though in size it is somewhat larger; and its sub-
verbatim as follows ;
“Gray’s Bank. State of Georgia, Gray Brothers
Managers and Directors, do promise to pay to the
bearer on demand fur one hundred dollars (in current
Bank Bilis) more dry goods, than any other store in
Georgia, or South Carolina.” Signed with /uc
similes of James A. Gray, Cash’r., and Christopher
Gray, Pres.
Now we appeal tc the intelligence and judgment
cf a candid public if there is any thing in such a
card calculated to deceive even the sapient Jury,
that has made it the subject of a presentment, much
less the “ ignorant and unwary.” Is any man so
careless of his pecuniary interests as to receive, as
genuine, a piece of printed paper which, to the most
cas tai observer, must presen at once the appearance
and marks of a by no means unusual business contri
vance amongst merchants? We think not—and
even admitting that it might possibly be so received,
does it become a more reprehensible nuisance than the
thousand greater and more glaring grievances which
have escaped tbe vigilance of this Grand Jury, while
they have pointed out for public reprobation, the
bumble business card of Gray Brothers.
We would not have appealed to ;be public, but
when we saw a public tribunal, which is entitled to
the respect of tbe community, when it deserves it,
bearing down with the iron hand of power and an
unwarrantable stretch of authority, upon humble indi
viduals like ourselves, we could do no less than as
sert our innocence and express our unqualified indig
nation. Grat Brothers.
Subterranean Lake at Lancaster. —The
Lancaster (Pa.) Gazette givesan account of
an under-ground body of water, which it says
lies beneath the highest point of tbe city, 27
feet under the surface, and 20 feet above Cen
tre Square, it was first discovered by a work
man digging a well, and it is thought to be 50
feet wide and 10 deep. It flows in a south
western direction. The Gazette proposes
that the water be used to supply the city.
The Coasting Trade in India thrown open to
all Flags.— An extract of a letter to Frederick
Tudor, Esq., of Boston, received by the last
India mail from Messrs. Binney & Co., dated
Madras, April 12, 1850, says : “In pursuance
of the opening of the ports o r India to entire
freedom, the bark Brothers, of Boston, was, at
last accounts taking in a cargo of salt at Bom
bay for Calcutta, on fre ght.”
“Wake Snakes.” —1 he editor of the Fort
Smith Herald says he has in his possession the
rattles of a snake, which was killed in Polk
county, Ark., numbering thirty-,even and a
button. We wonder if the old “sarpint”
ever bit anybody T
The Cuban Expedition•
Tho following official document will Buttle ■
nil the rumors with reference to the action of ■
the Government as to the lata expedition against E
Cuba. The orders are clear and distinct; and 1
had the Executive failed in the performance of I
this duty, those who were seeking to make po
litical capital out ofthe affair would have been I
the loudest in their clamors on the other side of I
the question: '
Instructions of th-. Secretary ofthe Navy tothe I
Commanders of the Ships of Har detailed to
Cuba.
Confidential.] (copy.) [Duplicate.
Navy Department, May 15, 1850.
Sib:—Though the Government has no precise in
formation, yet it ba« been informed from sources en
titled to great respect and consideration, that a mili
tary organization has been effected in the interior of
ihe United States, formidable both in numbers and
from the character of those engaged in it, for the pur
pose of attacking the island of Cuba, and revolutioniz
ing the government. This force is represented to con
sist of between six and ten thousand troops of the best
order and materials to render the assault formidable;
and, as it is believed, is sufficient, with other means
and resources at command, to emancipate Cuba from
Spanish rule. Large numbers of those engaged ia
the enterprise departed, as it was alleged, from the
city of New Orleans, accompanied by Generals laj
pez, Gonzales, and others. It » represented that
they expect to effect a landing upon the island about
this time. All accounts concur in representing that
it is a military expedition or enterprise, begun and
set on foot within the territory or jurisdiction of the
United States, to be carried on from thence against
the Island of Cuba and the government of Spain.
Any such invasion of that island is in violation of
our obligations of neutrality to the government of
Spain.
The government of the United States is bound to
respect the rights of the inhabitants of Cuba, and
the government of Spain, and “ no person is per
mitted within the territory or jurisdiction of the Uni
ted States, to begin, or set on foot, or provide, or pre
pare the means lor any military expedition, or enter
prise, to be carried on from thence against the terri
tory of any foreign prince, or state, or of any colony,
district, or people ”
You are. therefore, directed by the President of x
the United States, to repair forthwith, with the Uni- \
ted States steamer Saranac under your command, to
the port of Havana, in the island of Cubs, and vigi
lantly and actively observe the movements of all
vessels approaching the harbor of Havana, or the
island of Cuba, for the purpose of ascertaining
whether any military expedition or enterprise has
been begun, or set on fout, or any means provided to
be carried on from the United btales against the ter
ritory or dominions of Spain.
i Should you ascertain that such hostile movement is
on foot, and is proceeding against the island of Cuba,
you will use ail proper means in your power to pre
vent a iandi g, or the carrying out such expedition
or enterprise, so as to avert and prevent the violation
of our obligations of amity and peace with Spain.
Should the expedition have effected a landing, and
a revolution be in progress, you will prevent the
landing of any reinforcement, or of any
- visions under the American flag To the citiWmMwßßj
the United Slates who may be there in the prosecu
tion of tbeir peaceful and lawful pursuits, and who
may apprehend danger, either to their persons or pro
perty, you will extend the protection and aid to which
they are entitled as American citizens.
An order has been given to Commodore Parker to
despatch such of the vessels of the Home Squadron
to co-operate with you in the fulfilment of this order,
as may be within his reach.
Should you, upon your arrival at Havana, ascer
tain satisfactorily that no such expedition is on foot,
you will return to the harbor of New York, and re
port to the Department, in the meantime keeping it
fully informed of all occurrences connected with the
duty herein assigned to you.
The service to which your arc ordered is one of
great delicacy and importance. The Department
relies upon your prudence, your diseretion, and
your decision, for the successful accomplishment of
all its objects WM. BALLARD PRESTUN>
Captain Josiah Tatnall, Commanding
U. S. steamer Saranac, Norfolk Va.
•[Same instructions to all the other ships,
and to Commodore Parker, commanding tho
squadron ]
Instructions to Consul Campbell.
Department of State, )
Washington, June 1, 1850. )
To Robert B. Campbell, E>q., U. S. Consul, Hava
na . "ir —From Various sources of information, I
conjecture that the Spanish authorities in Cuba, in
their excessive zeal to puuish the invaders of that
island, and all concerned with them, while flushed
with victory, may possibly forget (he difference be
tween crime and the intention to commit it, and
wreak their vengeance on American citizens^ either
native or naturalized, not guilty of any act of\ny a *
sion, or depredation upon Spanish territory.
said and believed here that many such were arresteu'*'
•n an island near the coast of Y ucatan, called Con
toy, within the territory of a power having friendly
relations with the United States. As ail the facts are
not in our possession, the judgment we may have
formed of the capture, abduction and
those men may possibly be very erroneous
Bit let us suppose that the men captured on the
Mexican island were American citizens, and had oc
cupied it intending to invade Cuba, still I cannot re
cognize the right of the Spanish authorities, to hang,
garote, or shoot them for that intention. There was
yet a Zocutpen&ntist left for every man of them,
and they might have returned to tbe United States,
guilty, indeed, of a violation of the laws of their
own country, but of no law that I am aware of, under
which Spain could have punished them. The inten
tion to commit crime is not per se crime. Some
overt act must accompany the intent. A design to
commit murder is not murder, nor is it, without soma
attempt to carry it into execution, punishable by the
laws of man, however guilty the offender may be
in foro conscientta, and by the ordinances of hrs
Creator.
The President means to claim, for tbe American
occupants of the Mexican island, that they are not
guilty of any crime for which, by the laws of civil
iced nations, they should suffer death. They may
have been, and probably were guilty of crimes for
which this government ought, in good faith, to pun
ish them, under the act of Congress of April 20,
1818. But supposing tbe facts relating to their cap
ture tn be as they are represented to us, the Presi
dent has resolved that the eagle must and shall pro
tect them against any punishment but that which
the tribunals of their own nation may award.
Tell tbe Count of Alcoy to scud them home to en
counter a punishment, which, if they are hon rabla
men, will be worse than any he could inflict, in tho
indignant frown* and denunciations of good men in
their own country, for the find* ”
- w*’ honor of a nation which holds its character for
integrity of more value and higher worth than all
the Antilles together. But warn him in the most
friendly manner, and in the true spirit of our ancient
treaty, that if he unjustly sheds one drop of American
I blood, at this exciting period, it may cost tbe two
• countries a sanguinary war.
i I am exceedingly anxious to ascertain all the facts
• connected with the c••p’nre of our citizens, on the
Mexican islafid, and their fate. Write by every
po sible opportunity. Keep rue well advised of eve
rything progressing in Cuba.
I I .1. .1 • ... .
I learn tbia morning, that there is a rumor afloat
that more Americans (some say thousands) hare
landed on the south side of Cuba.
By this time, the frigate Congress and Saranac
must bare joined the Albany and Germantown.
They ought to be able to protect our countrymen,
who are not guilty of the invasion,
I am, sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant.
JOHN M. CLAYTON.
The Cuban Patriots.
In addition to the intelligence respecting the
* patriots,” furnished by the following inter
eating letter from Ocala, we learn, says the
Savannah Republican from the Florida Repub
lican, that eight or ten had arrived at Jackson
ville en route for their homes in the States.
Over 300 had reached Tampa from Key Waet,
in two small vessels and several smacks—
among them Gen. Grant, one of Lopez’s staff.
Af’er remaining a few days in Tampa, the men
left in parties on foot—some proceeding to
wards Tallahassee and others towards Jackson
ville. They are represented to be in a very
destitute condition, having lost all except the
meagre clo'hing upon their backs, and many
being even without shoes.
Such is the romantic finale of the expedi
tion to capture " the Queen of the Antilles I "
C Argue Office. ?
Ocaala, E. F , Jvnk 8, 1850. )
. Gentlemen:— Since the disastrous result of
the expedition to Cuba, our village has been
considerably enlivened by the advent of many
of the “ redshirt ” boys who are finding their
way home via Tampa, Ocala, Palatka, Jack
sonville, Savannah, &c. from Key West. The
detachments that have passed through, and are
now here, comprise mostly citizens of Tennes
see and Kentucky. As far as their conduct baa
been noticed tn travelling across our country,
they have conducted themselves in a manner
truly praiseworthy. These people are entire -
ly without means, and though tneir invasion of
the soil of a friendly, and more particularly a
neighboring power, is not countenanced by the
mass of our citizens, yet, under the circum
stances of their deception, they have been kind
ly treated, and voluntary contributions have
been presented them in aid of their return
home.
The volunteers here say that they have been
deceived—that they were employed to go to
California, and never knew a word of thisex
. pedition until after they had left New Orleans,
and arms were distributed to them- They say
that Gen'l Lopez did not half perform the
spirit of histalk. They, after consenting to ac
company him, found every citizen Spaniard at
Cardenas opposed to them, when it was’asser
ted that Lopez’s name won Id strike every
one and bring hundreds to.'iisstan
dard. ''
Our citizens are looking with a groat deal of
anxiety at the movements of the Indians. The
trickery of Billy Bowlegs has greatly exasper
ated the people, and it seems that they are
determined to expel them at all hazards.
Our candidate for Congress. Mr. Cabell, is
now fairly before the people for re-election.
Mr. Cabell has well merited the approbation
of his constituents, and they are determined,
so long as he proves the ** faithful servant,” so
long will their confidence in him remain una
bated.
We are very sanguine in securing our Leg
islature. The importance of this election must
rally every Whig in the State, and each man
should feel that his individual vote may secure
the election of the U. S. Senator and District
Judges. May the Whigs of oar Slate, high in
honor and in principle, use all high minded
means, and with energy, to perform their duty
faithfully al the polls. Truly, G. M. G.
Plead Goilty.—Trawick, the last of the
three counterfeiters recently arrested in this
city, yesterday came into court and plead guil
ty. During the week sentence will be passed
on him and his associate Hamilton, who was
found guiltv on Monday. The other was tried
in Jefferson county and sentenced to the Peni
tentiary for seven years.
The New Cometis now faintly visible to tbe
naked eye, in the constellation Ursa Minor. It
will continue to approach the earth until the
middle of July, when it will attain its minimum
distance from us of about thirty-eight millions
of miles, or less than one-half it present dis
tance. As it is also approaching the Son, it
will become five or six times brighter than it i»
now.
Ou tbe 11th of July it will be seen a few de
grees to the west of the bright star Arcturus, in
the constellation Bootes. Moving rapidly I.
the south, it will pass near 'he star Spica Vir
ginis on the 23d of July, and will soon after de
scend below the southern horizon.
As it is already fast increasing in brigbtnesi,
it will probably be distinctly visible to the na
ked eye during the middle of July.—N. Y.
Mirror.