Newspaper Page Text
i t I 41 gw g * I
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
JOB PCT ESTABLISHMENT
Railroad B«nk Buildings. Broad-St.
JOB PRINTING
EVERY DESCRIPTION, ANI
In the Beat Style of the Art,
plain ok riser colors, sxkcvtko at thii
orrtcK—kmbracixg such as:
Business Cards, Hand Bills, any site
Show Cards, large. Posters, “ “
“acelpts, Warehouse, Show Bills,
Railroad, Dray, tec. Books, Pamphlets
Bill Heads, Blanks of all kinds,
Bank Checks, Notes of Hand,
Bonds, Certificates, Labels for Druggists,
4c,, 4c>, Ac,
Law Blamks always on hand, or executed toorder
£2r Ths Proprietor ot the Chsohiclx and Sis
riNELf assures his friends and the publie that theil
orders for any thing in the Job Printing line will
be executed in the best manner, and at as low rates
as at any otherestablishment.
TO PERSONS AT A DISTANCE.
B.—Our friends, residing in any part of the
country, requiring Printed Handbills, or any other
kind of printing, can send their orders by ma I. All
will be promptly and neatly executed, at the lowest
prioes, and forwarded by first opportunity to ths des
tination indicated. We shall be pleased to receive
the orders of our friends. Address
WM. S. JONES, Augusta, Ga.
BOTANIC MEDICINES.
DR-J. DENNIS prepares and
Ku OD hand, at his Laboratory, the following
MEDICINES, which should be kept on
every plantation. They are the cheapest, safest and
beet of any in use.
ANTI-SPASMODIC TINCTURE,
For all sudden and dangerous cases of disease, in
which the immediate attention of the physician may
seem necessary. Externally useful for Poisons
Bruges. Fresh Wounds, dtc. It is better thin any
the Pain Killers, so called.
' LOBELIA AND PEPPER,
To eleauMi-ihe Stomach, remove <h« cause of dia
•*se, and present its continued pru?re«s.
ANTI BILIOUS PILLS,
To cleanse the Bo*cis, after the operation of an
metic, and quicken the action of the Liter.
COM POSITION POWDERS,
For Cole’s, to open the pores of the skin, and use
ful to aid the operation of an emetic.
BITTER TONICS.
To strengthen the system, after the stomach and
bowels bate been properly cleansed.
CHOLERA SYRUP, RHUBARB AND
SODA,
For Bowel Complaints, Ac.
STIMULATING LINIMENT,
For Rheumatic Pains, Pains in the Back, Ao. To
*» used instead of a blister.
COUGH SYRUP,
For Cough, Pneumonia, Consumption, Croup. &c.
NUMBER SIX,
For CoMs, Slight Chills, Pain in the Bowels, Ac.
LOBELIA AND SLIPPERY ELM,
For Poultices in painful Swellings, Inflammation
of the Bowels, Inflamed Ulcers, &c.
The above, embracing Medicines carefully labelled,
ao that the condition of the patient will suggest to
the Planter or Overseer of ordinary jndgment, what
to give, can be had for 15, cash.
By using them, Planters will avoid the danger of
injurious .Medicine, and to a very great extent the
exftense of Quinine and medical fees.
BJOKS, >YR INGES, and Apparatus for giv
ing the Vr»POR BATH, can be bad on the most
liberal terms.
He prepares a variety of other Compounds, of as
pure ingredients as can be obtained.
Laboratory on Broad-street, a few doors be
low the Post Office. je22-wtf
TO PHYSICIANS
THE SUBSCRIBERS are pre- <j afr
pared to furnish their customers wiih
« PURE MEDICINAL EXTRACTS, pre-<*
pared by a now and scientific process, which will be
found to contain the active principle of the plant from
which it is extracted, in a very concentrated form.
Specimens of these Extracts have been sent to vari
ous parts of the United States, and in every instance
have given entire satiafaction. We have also on
hand choice WINES and BRANDIES, for medicinal
use, selected by a competent judge Also. IM
PROVED MEDICAL SADDLE BAGS, the most
convenient and safe article of the kind ever offered ;
also, Roe's Fracture Apparatus, Trusses of every
deacr ption, Abdominal Supporters, Body Braces,
Surgical and Dental Instruments, pure Select Pow
ders, Genuine Cod Liver Oil, in bottlesand capsules,
Brown’s Blistering Tissue, and every new prepara
tion of warranted purity.
'•'V Stockton’s Incorruptible Teeth, Genuine
Stubbs’s Separating Files, Gold and Tin Foil,
Ac., Ac. I). B. PLUMB & GO.,
Druggists and Apothecaries,
Between U. S. Hotel and P. O. Corner, Augusta, Ga.
mhl7 w
HATS, CAPS AND BONNETS.
SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS, 185 C.
BE. L. FERRY a CO. would
invite the attention of Merchants to their
extensive assortment of
HATS, CAPS AND BONNETS,
embracing every variety of style adapted to the sea
son, and in part consisting of
Mena’ and Boys’ Panarra HATS;
“ M Leghorn and Palm HATS;
•• Rough and Ready Braid HATS,
with every variety of Russia Fur and Beaver Hats,
of the oew Spring Fashion.
Also, Ud ea’ Fancy Straw BONNETS;
with a variety of other styles. All of which will be
offered low, and on reasonable terms. Call at E. L.
Pkrry & Co.’a Store, Augusta, Ga,. near the Man
sion House. fe27- w
LIVERY STABLES,
MADISON, GEORGIA.
imq HARRALL A HARRIS
beg leave to announce to gsn
their friends in Madison and
■ - the travelling Public gene- yr zz*
rally, that they have opened the above STABLhb,
and that they intend to keep as fine CARRIAGES,
BUGGIES and HORSES, aecan be found in any
Stables —with careful drivers. Citizens of Madison,
and strangers visiting Madison, by coming to us will
always find ready accommodation, to go any where
they wi«h on reasonable terms.
Madison, Jan. 29 1850. ts
A FINE HORSE STOLEN.
SIOO REWARD.
STOLEN from my Plantation
ylrtk. miles east of Lexington, Geon»*» lnc
night of the 25tb of March last, a "ORSL, al
most a i rown, five feet and probabLr an °
years old, was shoed all round *" en Bto J en » rldea
pretty well, not much used " arneM « , 8 a , &
blaek mine and tail; no <i*'«r “•*’ recollected.
For the appr.fen.io- ■>' ,he " ,lh
to convict, and tfe tcco-ery and delivery of the
hors* I will Hundred Dollars; or I will
Kav Twentv-fire Dollars, forthshorve alone,
pay twenty n JOHN WYNNE.
r Slate*’ Right*» Ga. t Jun* 4, 1850. je7-w2m
strayed,
_ FR<MI THE SUBSCRIBER, on
the 5* 1 inst, a large sised dark Bay Horse
• omo 12 or 16 years old, with some
white sp*** ®huut the neck, and also some on hie
back J*®*’’* o ed by the collar and the saddle; also,
right side of his rump, a small patch of hair
Ml been whipped off by the driver; his ears hang
off considerably to the riubtand left. Any informa
tion thankfully received by
je23-w3 L. S. PERSONS, near Warrenton.
COPARTNERSHIP DISSOLVED.
PIT UK FIRM of Wilson & Lintbicvm was
1 thia day dissolved by mutual conseut. All
persons having claims against the concern, will pre
sent the same to A. Wilson, and all persons indebt
ed to ths firm will please come forward and close the
same by cash or note with A. Wilson, who isautbrr
ised to settle the same, as longer indulgence cannot be
given. WILSON & LINTHICUM.
Augusta, April 14, 1850. apl9-d6
THE LIVERY STABLE Business
be continued, io all its various branches,
Aj fl* by A. Wilson A Co. We solicit a con
tinuation of the same liberal pationage extended to
the recent firm. We will keep good Horses and
Buggies, and Saddle Horses for hire. Also, are de
termined to keep the finest of Carriages, and good gen
tle pairs of Her-es and trusty Drivers. We also will
keep an extra 9 passenger stage, for the accommoda
tion of parties or families wuhiag to visit the up
country of Georgia or South Carolina. We also
continue to run a daily line of 4 horse Coaches to
Savannah and Macon, tn connection with the Central
Railroad via Ninety MUe Station. We will send an
extra Coach through in day time, if desired. Fare
through to Macon or Savannah, $6.50. Tickets to
be had of J. N. Rsavks, Augusta, er at the Rail
road Depots in Savannah or Ma* on.
A. WILSON,
J. P. FLEMING,
apl9-wfon JAS. M. ANTHONY.
EAGLE FOUNDRY.
uI’GUSTA, GEORGIA.
Jbwes arrest, «««' <As Old
Puiurt' Hold.
HAVING advertised that we bed
finished the Cunningham Milla,
and were in progress of finishing RHHmBB
the Granite or Coleman's Mill, of this city, we are
plearod to say the latter is complete, as the following
Mrttfieate will show. We are in progress of finish
ing a Mil) for B. W. Hobbard, of Oglethorpe, which,
when complete, will be three of the best Mills in
Wtargta.
We still offer our services to the public in ell the
Mfinws branches ot our profession, vis:
CASTINGS, of all and every description, in Iron
tor large er small Flouring Mills, Cleans
fihvglM*- Colton Fworie., Cotton Gia*. Saw MUI*.
Carta. Gia Gear wuniUiU, from 7 io 12 feet, with
ail htanaediate til«. Hotchkiss'. Wfeele, 4c.,
<M w«lu«« patterns ot all descriptions on band.
Any and all kinds of Smith Work far Milla done at
&a shortest notice. Also, Repairs on all kinds of
F.aebmery, for which we refer io, tor Factory Cast
to L. 2. Sweetland, Supenutcafent of the Au
ereta Mill*. For offer kinds of work to S. D. Lio-
UVAC*. J. L. Coleman. Fan. »nd. in fact, to all
V* .S*v* done work tar, feeifag wMMeec m •» hu
of complaiat; and even tbi* u done witfent
I --J fell we on it wc.uoul aemtauon, *• wo
< ; Masdeat of tfetr acquieaeenee
fa All kind* of old Copper «aJ Rram bought.
NHESON A TtULSY, Prapnatac*.
I lain pal op arretel M 'fa 'n N»ar Ytk, end
‘■arajiiK finiattad tfe Mill of JiraeeU Coleman, Esq.,
tfea work or macbtnerv lor which w». furnished by
K«*n Neeeon 4 Tilkey. of the bgle Foundry, Au-
Cl, Ga.. and wilt aay that the (fasting* and other
binary furnished by Ifem art felly equal to any
•"hade m th* North at etaewbera, and cheerfully re
-eemced all who may went war* d.ne for Flouring
tataeir Establishment, eatbey will not only
‘itood W<wk, bat prompt w u,* fame promised—or
a been m el least with me.
, THSMAS EVANS,
•ogaria, Aprii 1860. j*2
* CHEWING TOBACCO.
OD BOXKS CHEWING TOBACCO, va
. »»<m brand* and qualitma, maaulaetor
t. ■ T s ”»fet*ai«d. JUM mem ’ and foe -ale
j*»-lm GIBBS 4 McCOBU Melatoob «.
P"«« New LARD,
4tow by >24 BAKEB, WILCOX 4CO
, Serins,
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
I. Published every Wednesday,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten
Dollar ,SIX copies of the Paper will be sent forone
.year, thus furnishing the Paper at the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
or a free copy to all who may procure us five sub
scribers, and forward ns the money.
CHE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
scribers at the following rates, viz.:
Daily Papbr, if sent by mail* • • *s7 per annum.
Tri-Wb>rly Papsr 4“ u
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
In Weekly.—Seventy-five cents per square(l2
ines or leas) for the first insertion, and Fifty cents
or each subsequent insertion.
wimr caioME asainim.
SELECTED POETRY.
A SABBATH EVENING SONG/
BY BLI2A COOK.
God on earth ! and God in Heaven I
Gcd ! who gave one day in seven
Unto mao, that he might rest
With thy mercy in bia breast;
God of Goodness! lam k neeting,
For the peace of Sabbath days.
Glad and tranquil thou hast made
This soft hour of twilight shade,
And I ask thee, in thy might,
Tobe “watchman of my night !”
Let me thank thee, let me own,
At the footstool of thy throne
All my grateful joy and love,
Drawn from hopes that point above.
Let me lay my heart before thee,
And with holy trust implore thee
To forgive its human biot,
Gathered in its human lot.
Listen, Father, to my singing,
Like a chi d to thee I'm clinging •
If I wander guide me right,
Be thou “watchman of my night.”
Let me ask thee ere I sleep,
To remember those who weep.
Those who mourn with some wild sorrow,
That shall diead to meet the morrow ;
Let me ask thee to abide
At the fainting sick one’s side,
Where the plaints of anguish rise
In smotheied groans and weary sighs,
Give them strength to brook and bear
Trial pain and trial care ;
Let them see thy saving light,
Be thou “watchman of their night.*’
God of all, thou knowtst well.
Myriads es thy children dwell
Here among us, lone and blind,'
In the midnight of the mind ;
Well thou knowesi how they need
Words to teach and hand to lead,
Well thou knowest that they sin
For the want of light within.
They grope and fall, and men refuse
To raise them up and ‘‘bind the bruise ;**
But thou, oh God! in judgment’s might,
Be thou “watchman of their night !’*
God of mercy, God of grace !
Keep me worthy of my place;
Let my harp strings ne’er be heard
When they jar wiih thy plain word;
Should the world’s fair pitfall take me,
Father I do not thou forsake me ;
Let repentance cleanse the stain,
And call me back to truth again ;
Father! Infinite and Just!
Shine upon my path of dust,
Lead me in the noontide light,
And be thou “watchman of rny aigbt!”
THE WINE CUP BY MRS. MANSFIELD..
I will quaff the sparkling wine, said Health,
It gives new life to the soul,
And wit will flash like gems of wealth,
As it yields to its high control ;
He drank : but disease had touched the cup,
And fever burned in each vein,
Wit in the poison was swallowed np.
And madness consumed the brain.
Beauty came next, with her rose-hued lip,
And the love.light in her eye,
And she bent o’er the templing fount to sip,
And gathernew brilliancy ;
But poison was mingled with its waves,
A po son that canoot fail,
And her eye dropped like the eye of slaves,
And her lip grew thin and pale
And youth in its untaught gladness sprang,
Like an eagle in its flight,
And its laugh-like music breathings rang,.
As he quaffed the nectar bright,
He drank, aud the poison reached his heart:.
.*A n ih?. bowe<l feeble head,
The life ot his soul had fled!
And love, wi’h his soft, caressing tone,
And his warm, persuasive lip,
And a glance that none but Love hath known,
O’er the chalice bent to sip;
Histone was wid as he turned away,
And his lip with paston burned.
And his glance fell ’neath thegla»' « of day,
And virtue his presence spurned !
With a kfty brow, and an eye of flame,
And an eagle h«art within,
Genius stood forth in hfe garb of fame,
Where the tempter sought to win:
He drank, and the mighty soul bowed down/.
Like a tree beneath the blast,
And the U»hy name and the laurel crown,
I u wie syren cup were cast!
God! how long shall this lava flood
O'erwhelm our glorioua land I
Up, sluggard, up, lest a brother’s blood
Be demanded at thy hand ;
Up, up, thou of tha sleeping heart.
Arise, with new life warmed
Thy God ta Love, go forth— tiau-arr
“In God’s own image formed.”
NOTICE."
Jtfi DROUGHT TO JAIL, a Negro Boy,,
who calls himself SAM, and says he belongs
to a man by the name of John Thomas, of New
Orleans. He h of a dark color, and bus *a scar
above one of his eyes; he is about six feet high, nnd
weighs about one hundred and seventy-five pounds,
and appears to be a very intelligent boy, and says he
has been runaway about six months. The owner
will pieuse come pay all coat, and take him
away. P. H. CAMPBELL, Jailor.
Madison, Morgan co., June 15, 1850. je2o-tf
RANZwaY
Jt# FROM the subscriber, on the morning of
Ajl the 17th <»f May, my Negro Man ' THOMAS,
■Ay about 30 yours of age, of a brown complex
ion, speaks quick when spoken t«, and r other lisps.
Said man is about & feet 8 inches high, well built:
and when he left here had on a blue st»"iped sack
coat, and a velvet cap. He will doubtless en leavor
to make his way to Virginia, as he was purchased
in that alate by John M. Cureton & Co., aud sold to
me in Greeuaboro, the 15th of last Marc h. A libe
ral reward will be given for the deliver y, or for his
being lodged in jail so that I get him.
O. P. 1 JANIEL.
Green&boro, Ga., May 19, 1850. <nyl9-tl
S2O REWARD.
««r THE above reward ol Tw< inty Dollars
Jn. will be paid for the apprehen eon and de
livery, either to tnysell or to any Jail in
the State, of my negro man, NED. who
left my place on Sunday night, the 1 9<h of May,
1850. said negro is about Twenty-six years of age;
about five feet six inches high, of dark complexion,
speaks quick, and moves brisk ; is an i ntelligent and
good looking negro; had on, when he left, a dark
frock coat, and dark drab pmtaloons, w ith a beaver
hat, rather worn. He is a well-made aegro, and is
originally from Virginia, and was bouj. fht from Hrn
derson and Hacket, negro traders, in Hamburg,
S. C. Said negro can read and wri te, and is ac
quainted with figures, and may have written himself
a ticket. Address THOMAS H. B URNS, Sr.,
Jacksonboro, Seri ven county, Ga. suyUß-wlm
50 DOLLARS REW ARD.
If# RAMAWAY from ths S» ibscribcr, living
near Carnesville, Franklin cc <unty, Ga., my
Negro MAN named Marshal. He left about
the 2fth December last. Said n« is about 32
years of age, 5 feet 11 inches io height, well propor
tioned, of very light complexion ai id straight hair,
and might pass for a while man. b r is eyea are light
taxel. He has been frequently to Augusta with a
wa joo, and may be lurking about there, passing for
a white man or free negro. He has a half brother
lurking near Chattanooga or Dalto a, also runaway,
and it is possible he may make h is way in that di
rection, and both try to get off to t free State. The
above reward will be paid for lodgi eg him in any safe
iail, or delivering him to me at my residence.
ja29-t f _ PLEAS ANT HOLLY.
S2O REWARD.
Jf# RANA WAY from the sjbseriber, on the
/if first of November last, my Negro Man JACK,
.CS about 28 years eld, stout, heavy bndied ne
gro, ot a copper color, with full features, about 5 feet
10 inches high, and knock-kn>jed when walking or
standing, has a scar in his forehead, speaks softly
and when talking. Wb, en heard from last, he
was in the neighborhood of Mrs. Bray’s and Henry
Hight's in Warren eounty , He may have been ta
ken off by some white f «erson ; if so, and proof can
be had to convict. Fist y Dollars will be given, or
Twenty Dollars for the apprehension of the boy, and
lodged in any safe jail in the State, aud information
given me at Wrights) x>ro’. Colombia eounty.
_CH*AR LES Y. WILKINSON.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
/-fc. JV ST RECEIVED at the
AGRICULTURAL ware-
USE, Augusta, a lot of Choice
PLOUGHS, consietitq » of Double Mould Board, Hili
Side, Subsoil, EagleSe If-aharpening, and one and two
Horse PlougM. ot all descriptions. Also, Cylindrical
Churns, Cora She Her s. Corn Planters. Straw Cutters,
Grain Cradles, Ro <d Scrapers, Manure Forks,
Trucks, dec., Ac.
mh!9-w A. ' W. A W. P. CARMICHAEL
NOTICE TO MASONS AND CAR
PENTERS.
S RAVED PROPOSALS will be received at
the Ofoce of the Clerk of the Inferior Court of
Elbert county . the hist Monday in September
next, for the ban) img of a BRICK COURT HOUSE
l in Elberton, a. v t Jan of which, with Fpeeificattcns,
can be seen jn application to tne Clerk; and persons
wwhing to and* rtake the building, by application to
the C»erk can be furnished with a copy of the pfoo
and speci icatio ns bv mail.
JOSEPH SEWELL, J. 1.c.,
EfPY W. BOND, j. 1.
THOMAS R. ALEXANDER, J. 1.0.,
PRESLEY B. ROBERT'S, J. 1. e.
THOMAS F. WILLIS, J. I. C-
MISCELLANEOUS LITE
! . RATURE.
j For the Chronicle and Sentinel.
Tii© Pic Bile.
I “ There was a sound of revelry by night.”
• Mr. Editor :—Have you ever left the dust
walks of business, and forsaken the noise an
n heat of town, to enjoy a Pic Nic in the coun
e try, on one of the brightest nights of the brigli
month of June? No? Well, do not fail t
b tvail yourself of the very first opportunity c
doing so. IQ have frequently enjoyed tha
pleasure, and were never more delighted thai
i we were at one of these rustic reunions whicl
came off on the 21st ult, at the “ Steam Mill 1
* of Mr. Newhouse, under the auspices of thi
young gentlemen in the vicinity of Mechanics
ville. It was as bright a night as ever blushec
on wave or bower. The moon walked hei
nightly round, flooding earth and air with one
unclouded blaze of living light, whilst tor
thousand stars smiled from the sapphire canopj
of heaven, as if nought ill could happen in sc
sweet an hour. Earth wore the smile of en
chantment. and Nature seemed to have clothed
herself in her most inviting attire, as if to en
courage the revellers, whose countenances
beamed with the exhilerating sense of enjoy
ment.
The ladies—God bless them.’—were there
in round numbers, affording every classification
of beauty—from the branette, with dark, flash
ing eyes, and cheeks of deep carnation tinge,
to die light-haired blende, with blue eyes that
stole the iteact suruliiiie .over
and"
“ Bright, glorious locks, which fell upon the cheek
Like gold-hued cloud*flakes o’er the rosy morn ”
Forsooth it was a dangerous atmosphere for
young gentlemen—aye, and for old ones too —
of susceptible hearts. Turn which way you
would and you were menaced with a battery
of brightly beaming eyes that none but the most
obdurate, confirmed and blast old bachelor
could withstand. There, on the one hand, was
a queen like figure, with dark, lustrous orbs,
clad in the golden color of Ceres, with a bright
bandeau of silver confining the truant tresses
co their marble resting place. On the other,
was a bright little sylph, with dimpled cheeks
and laughing eyes, whose robe of bright pink
floated in the graceful undulations of the dance
like a light cloud betwixt our gaze and heaven
“And then she danced—oh! heaven! her
dancing.”
“ Such grace and such beauty——dear creature—you’d
swear,
" hen her delicate feet in the dance twinkled round,
That her motion was light and her home was the air,
And she only par complaisance touches the
- ground.”
There were, on every side, dove like eyes
and raven hair, and sylphs in snow white, and
fairies in heaven’s own blue, and love and co
quetry, and flowers and eande-cologne, and
braids and bracelets, and “ Tarletons ” and
“tissues,” covering ? wan-like necksand soft
swelling bosoms, that would have shaken the
saintship of an anchorite.
Nor was old Burke without a fair delega
tion amongst the rest. There was one of her
daughters, with fair hair and hazel eyes, whose
grace, whose beauty, and wnose wit did honor
to our sister county, and, as we fear, left more
than one aching heart to attest her superior
fascinations. Indeed, if we were forced to be
candid, we could not but admit that she has
left us in rather an uncomfortable situation.
There were some there, too who did not join
in “ turning the light fantastic,” but were con
tented to remain in the “corner,” apparently
delighted spectators of the scene. We saw,
too in that corner, a pair of blue eyes, which
it would not be well for one wno would have
peace of mind to gaze on but once They
could have stormed the entrenchments ol the
most determined bachelorism, and put to rout
a whole legion of the vain devotees of celibacy.
But
“ Os all that did chance, it weie a long tale to tell—
Os the dancers and dresses and who was the belle;
But each was so happy, and all were so fair,
That night stole away and the dawn caught them
thee.”
We cannot conclude without highly com
mending the successful efforts of the managers
in the more substantial, and to some the by far
more important department of the cuisine
not forgetting to tender our special acknowl
edgements to the ebony gentleman who presi
ded over the spiritual department, for the very
impartial manner in which he distributed his
favors.
Altogether it was a scene to make youth glad
and old age smile and dream itself to youth
again. With u 3 it will long remain a green
spot upon memory's waste, aud we shall ever
recur to it with kindly feelings and a grateful
heart. * * *.
Curiosities o’r’S<*i6iiFe‘.
An interesting paper might be written, by
a competent hand respecting what we may call
the “Curiosities of Science.” There are hun
dreds of facta, fumi’iar to the explorer of na
ture, which would startle the ordinary reader
from their apparent antagonism to other facts.
Thus, if a blackened card is placed upon snow
or ice in the sunshine, (he frozen mass under
neath will gradually melt; while that by which it
is surrounded is but little disturbed. If, howev
er, the sun’s rays, instead of falling directly on
the card and snow, are reflected from a metal
surface, an exacly opposite result occurs ; the
exposed parts are the first to melt, and the
blackened card remains standing high above
the surrounding portion. Another curious
fact is that if bars of copper, zinc, brass, and
bell metal are heated and placed so as to cool
on blocks of lead, tin or pewter, the bars are
thrown into a state of vibration, and produce
sounds similar to those of an JEolian harp. A
blacksmith will tell you that he can press heat
out of a piece of iron, by simply beating it with
a hammer, until, at last he will render it red
hot and be able to light a match ’at it, hut he
will add that the same piece cannot be made red
not again bv hammering, un’ilit has been made
red hot in fire and brought back to its original
expanded condition. The same principle
which is at the bottom of this curious fact ena
bles fire to be obtained by the friction of two
pieces of wood.
Even unscientific readers are familiar with
the fact that ice can be formed, in the hottest
day by chemical means ; but few are aw<»re
that water can be frozen in a vessel which is al
a red heat. Ystthis astonishing experiment
has been frequently performed. If a deep pla
tina saucer is heated red hot, and then water
and liquid sulphurous acid, which, has been
preserved in the liquid state by a freezing mix
ture is poured into the vessel, the rapid evapo
ration of the volatile acid which enters into eb
ullition at the freezing point produces such
an intense co'd.ihat ice is immediately formed,
and being thrown out* can be used to cool
water. The experiments of jugglers have
proved to all, that under certain conditions,
the hand can be immersed with impunity in
melted metal. Little more is required than to
rub tne hands with soap so as to give them a
polished surface, then to plunge them into a
cold solution of waler and sal ammoniac, and
afterwards to put them into the liquid iron,
lead, bronze, or other metal, moving them
rapidly through it, though not too rapidly.
The explanation of thia curious fact is this :
When the hand is plunged into melted metal
the skin is not in contact with the metal, and
therefore the heat incident upon the skin can
arise only from that which is radiated from the
metal. The moisture of the skin passes into
the spherodical state, and reflects the radiating
caloric, so that the heat is never al the boiling
point.
Heat and light exhibit in part, though trans
parent bodies, a very remarkable difference.
Transparent alum, which is as clear as the clear
est water,transmits only twelve per cent of heat,
while rock crystal, which is not more lucid,
transmits ninety seven-per cent of heat. Black
glass allows ninety per cent of heat to pa?>s
through it; while green glass, colored by oxide
of copper, and covered with a layer of water,
will, though perfectly transparent, almost en
tirely deprive the solar ray of heat. On the
principle of different colors the whole econo
my of Nature, in reference to the absorption
and radiation of heat by the various kinds of
flowers aud plants, is carried on. Says a late
writer : “Every tree spreading its green leaves
to the sunshine,or exposing its brown branch
es to the air—every flower which lends its
beauty to the earth, possesses different absor
bing and radiating powers. The chalice like
cup ol the pur« white liiiy floating on the lake,
the variegated tu?ip, the brilliant anemone, the
delicate rose, and the intensely colored peony,
or daaifia. have each powers peculiar to them
selves for drinking in the warming life stream
of the oun, and for radiating it back again to
the thirating atmosphere.” Electricity also
performs an important function in the growth
of flowers, as is popularly known by actual ex
periment In abort, the world of science is full
of curious focts. and not without a poetry of
its own. Many an intellect that wastes its
time in profitless mental speculations or loiters
life away in the perusal of trashy books, would
find a new delight in tracing the wonder
working processes of nature aud learn through
revering Nature, to adore Nature’s God.
Votes Polled ir New States.—On her
admission as a State, Louisiana polled 4.748
rates; Indiana 6.789; Mississippi 7,475; Illi
nois, 8075; Arkansas, 3.638; Michigan, 11,-
3»kl; Flordia.s.3ol. and lowa 13.271. Cali
fornia polled, last year, 14 213 American rotes.
These statistics are taken from an article in the
last Southern Recorder, to show that Califor
nia is belter entitled to come in. as a Stae.
than either of the others mentioned. Besides,
Texas, when admitted. had an area of 325.500
square toiles of territory- California covers,
by her constitution. 158.000 square notes —
less than one half of Texas —and half of that
a sandy desert or unarable and rocky mountains.
How unreasonable then for the South to ob
ject to the admission of California, because
sl.e chooses not to have slavery !—Suatkrea
Ba user.
Tbs monument to Washington which is to
he erected at Richmond, will be a bronze
equestrian statue, sixteen feet high, resting on
a pedestal of tine James River granite.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY) MORNING, JULY 3, 1850.
For the Chronicle Sentinel.
The Cotoosa Springs.
Mr. Editor It was my good fortune, not
- long since, while in the Cherokee coHDtry, to
be at the Cotoosa Springs, and seldom have I
been permitted to witness such a romantic and
mountainous region. Let those who wish to
f behold nature in her native simplicity and gran*
denr, make haste to visit Northwestern Geor
“ gia.
1 At Cotoosa there are not fewe- than from
’ 75 to 100 different springs, embracing the
f varieties of Sulphur, Chalybeate, Limestone,
I Freestone, and I know not what else.
1 The enterprising proprietors Messrs. Battey
i & Hickman, es Augusta, and McDonald of
’ Macon, .seem determined, where nature has
, done so much, that the hand of art shall not be
wanting. Their improvements are both ex
tensive and superior. The main building I
think when completed will be a noble struc
ture. It is 120 feet Ion?, well proportioned in
width and is three stories high, besides the i
Attic, and a superb dining hall in the basement, |
all above ground. This hall will allow of the
sitting of 3 tables, eachaboutl2o feet in length.
The spacious promenade extends round the
entire edifice and to pass over it 12 times is
equal to traveling one mile.
On the grounds there is quite a number of
Cabins, one row reaches more than 200 feet.
For baths, amusements, &c.,adequate arrange-,
rnents are in process of completion. Visitors
can reach this new and delightful watering
place by Railroad and Omnibus. The com
pany’s platform is about 3 miles beyond Tun*
net Hill and only 2 miles from their premises.
The way has been improved and can be easily
gone over in 30 minutes. When announced
as ready for the reception of company (and
the announcement may be expected very
soon) no doubt this will become a favorite and
nabje resort for '•
uilluXXtJiL
sucwis trie subscriber’s opinion. Let such as
stand in doubt go and see for themselves.
EtkWitness.
Dalton, June 19tA, 1850.
Chaldean Antiquities.—Letters have just
been received from Bagdad, stating that Mr.
Loitus, the geologist attached to the commis
sion which is now employed in the demarca
tion of the Turco-Persian line of frontier,
had succeeded, on his passage from Bagdad to
Bussorab, in visiting all the most remarkable
ancient sites in lower Chaldea. The ruins
now called Werka, which represents the Ur
of the Chaldees, whence took place the Exo
dus of Abraham, were carefully examined by
Mr. Loftus, and were found to be of ex
traordinary interest. A vast number of an
cient coffins of baked clay, highly glazed, and
covered with figures of men in relief, were
discovered in one spot, the coffins being about
six feet in length, adapted to the shape of the
human body, and with an oval ornamented
lid, which closed the upper part; a moderale
ly-sized water jar was also attached to each
coffin Gold ornaments and other Chaldean
relics were said to be frequently found in them,
but those which Mr. Loftus examined had
been already rifled, and he had no leisure for
excavation. Numerous brick covered with
cuneiform characters were, however, brought
away from the ruins by Mr. Loftus together,
with pieces of terracotta, moulded in the
shape of a bull’s horns, and bearing inscrip
tions, and several fragments of an hexagonal
clay cylinder, inscribed with a long historical
record, similar to that deposited in the British
Museum, which was found by Mr. Layard at
Nineveh. Werka is still traditionally known
in the country as the birthplace of Abraham,
and its identity with Ur of the Chaldees is
established beyond the reach of cavil. The
ruins have been observed at a distance by oth
er travellers, but are usually inaccessible, ow
ing to tho inundation of the surrounding
country, and the dangerous neighborhood of
the Khezail Arabs. Mr. Loftus, indeed, is
the first European who has ever succeded in
actually visiting this primeval seat of the Jew
ish race. At the ruins called Hammam, near
the Hye Canal, Mr. Loftus also obtained a stat
ue of black basalt, bearing two cuneiform in
scriptions, and at Umgheir, beyond the Eu
prates, he found another statue, representing
one of the Chaldean gods but it was too much
mutilated to be worth moving. The commis
sion to which Mr. Loftus belongs, in skirting
Stisiana, will traverse i country studded with
Chaldean ruins, and discoveries, therefore, may
be expected to be made which will be of the ut
most importance in aiding the efforts of Major
Rawlinson and others to unfold the early histo
ry of the East through the interpretation of
the inscriptions of Nineveh and Babylon.
From the Philadelphia Pennsylvanian.
An Interesting Narrative.
Our readershave already been apprized, that
an Arctic Expedition, intended to search for
the missing Sir John Franklin, has been fitted 1
out by the munificence ol H Grinnell, a New
York merchant, and has started under the aus- I
pyres of the Genera! Government; which, by
authority of Congress, has consented that the
prise Mttivwg . x
name of Surgeon Elisha K Kane, son of tne
U >n. John K. Kane, of this city, who volun
teered for the service, and is now principal
Surgeon of the expedition. We saw the an
nouncement of his name among the officers
with surprise. He has long been suffering
frum a combination of infirmities, the result of
a series of adventures, such as few men living
hav*» undergone, and such as still fewer would
voluntarily embark in, out of pure love of dan
ger, and the spirit of seeing the wonders aud
the peculiarities of other parts of the globe.—
Having enjoyed the acquaintance of this brave
young man, we are able to state what follows
of his career, even if we should use that which
was communicated to us in semi-confidential
intervals No American, of his age, has ever
seen so much of the penis of the world, or of
the world itself. He was Surgeon of the A
merican Legation to China, and on his way to
the Celestial regions, he spent some weeks on
a foot-tramp through the orange groves of Bra
zil, and about a month in tiger hunting near
Bombay. Hence, after a dozen unsuccessful
attempts to smuggle himseli into the forbidden
lands of China, he went over to the Phil lipinet
and by the aid of the good Monks of the inte
rior of Manilla, explored its fastnesses, and
volcanic wonders. He was the first man to
descend into the great crater of the Tael, low
ered down two hundred feet over the brink,
by a bamboo rope tied round his middle. and
brought back a bottle of its sulphur waters,
burning off his boots in the lava cinders.
Leaving China, after a second visit, in which
he encountered shipwreck, he passed to In
dia as physician of the Dremendhar Dagore,
and was palauqnined for some three months
through the wonders of its mountain architec
ture. the ancient glories of Candy, the stupen
dous passes of the Ghaut country, visiting Ma
dras, Pondicherry, and every spot that we have
read of in the trial of Warren Hasting Next,
to Upper Egypt, and Abysinnia, crossing the
desert on his camel to the basis of Jupiter Am
mon, climbing at break-neck risk to the top
stone of the Col ossus of Metnnon, and ex
ploring the tombs of the pharaohs for a fortnight
or three weeks with Professor Lepsius and his
associates. Wrecked again, while passing
down the Nile, and wounded, in an encounter
near Alexandria, he pushed across to Greece,
and traversed every scene of classic inter
est. climbing to the Hippocrene Spring, and
sleeping on the shores of Marathon. He re
turned by Italy, France and England, only a
few weeks before a cruise on the coast of
Africa. Renewing here some acquaintances
which had been formed in Brazil, he was al
lowed to inspect the entire machinery of the
slave trade and to pass up into the interior under
the firman of Dessouza. the great intermediary
between the c hiefs of the slave making dis
tricts and the Brazilian carriers. The coast
fever was his pay for bis trip, and he was sent
home by Commodore Read, iva ided. Im
perfectly patched up from the effects of this
visitation, he volunteered for service with the
armv in Mexico, and was ordered, with des
patebewon a dare-devil race, through the country
our troops had Heft. to overtake Gen. Scott.
Availing himself at Perote, of a miscreant escort
of jail birds, that General Worth had employed
as a spy company, he got into a series of fights,
in the last of which he received the swords of
Gen’ls. Gaona and Torrejon, and had his
horse kil'ed under him, and was himself des
perately wounded, while protecting the lives
of his prisoners against his own men. Since
then, he has been cruising, and practising hy
drography on the coast survey, up to the mo
ment of receiving his telegraphic despatch ac
cepting his urgent proffer of services for the
Arctic Expedition. He had the rice fever in
the Canton river, the plague in Egypt, the
vellow fever at Rio, ihe congestive fever at
Puebla, and the African fever on the coast.
These, and wounds, and an organic disease of
the heart, which he has had from boyhood,
have been his preparation for the hazards he is
encountering now.
Altogether his history is eventful and thril
ling for so young a man, and induces us cor
dially to hope that he may return from his last
adventure with new honors and restored con
stitution.
The Ancient and honorable Artillery of Bos
ton celebrated their 2l2ih anniversary on the
3d inst, by a dinner, at Faneuil Hail. There
was a sermon by the Rev. Mr. VVoart from
the text. (St. Luke, chap. 23d. verse 14 )
“And the soldiers likewise demanded ot him
(from the Baptist) saying, and what shall we
do T And he said unto them, do violence to
no man, neither accuse any falsely, and be con
tent with your wages.”
The preacher expatiated on the duties and
responsibilities of the Christian soldier, aud
urged his bearers to so conduct themselves in
lite as to merit the eulogy pronounced upon
their predecessors : “ That they were as we I
fitted to adorn the church by their exemplary
virtues, as they were to defend it in the
field.”
Adjutant Poore read the regular toasts, the
first of which was to “the President of the Uni
ted States.
Col. 1 H Wright responded and expressed
thanks for the call. He complimented the dis
course of the chaplain of the day, and urged
upon all soldiers a fnimful compliance with the
> injunctions set forth m the text. His aeou
» meat in conclusion, was “The Commander in
i Chief of tbe Army and Navy of the United
Stales.” He is no man e enemy—be does vi.
olenco to no man —he no man falsely
—he is content willi his w- «fss. The toast
and speech were received w® great applause
Gov. Briggs in his referred appro-
> singly to a sentiment of President Tavlor in
[ reference to the late war, llittJ he would give up
j all the honor and glory which he b a( j aequjrpj,
to bring back the life of a single person who
’ had been sacrificed in the coriiejt.
Great Invention.—We copKthe following
from the St. Louis Republican of the 15th
i lust. If tho machine will do t«bat the inventor
> promises, he is sure of a fo<'t«i|b :
, Fresh Butter.— There is t;^Ason who does
not understand the luxury of
good fresh butter. Mr. E. H Merryman, of
Springfield, Jee, has invented .h n ii patented a
’! machine, by which combined iyjth a chemical
i process ho is enabled to take moSt “rancid
, j butter,” and convert it into lfcSftr|ginal fresh
ness. The machine is 'ery gihjple. and must
be ofgreat service to those >hi> manufacture
butter, as it is admirably calculated to express
from the butter ail the milk, and; leave it pure
I and in the best possible condition for salting
| and preserving.
But the great and importi&f feature is its
adaptation to the changing uf“st rong or .. ran .
Bid” butler inioi s first or fresh state, We
will not attempt a dcscgptiou of the machine
but we can say that specimens of butter in the
worst conceivable rancid state passed through
it yesterday, came out fresh, and as completely
divested of all rancid taste or sniell, as the day
it was packed. It was just such butter as any
o e would desire on his table. The machine
affords the opportunity of giving it any de
sired color, or salting it io i:iy extent.
.. —.
Sound the Pumps!— We have, seen an in
genious invention, pate tied by Dr. Nelson
Edwards, of this cityjfor ascertaining the
depth of waler in the Mid r a vessel at any
time during the passag ship across the
ocean. It is cumpossjLjHgt machine with
plate, r rom a ginta —m —metallic
ball descends through the pomp well and rests
on the water. As the water in the hold in
creases or diminishes, the exact amount in in
ches and feet is indicated by the dial, by casting
a glance at which, at any hour of the day, the
depth of water may be accurately ascertained.
And furthermore, the machine may be so
arranged that when the water increases to any
given depth, say three, five or seven feet, an
alarum will be rung that will call all hands to
the rescue .’ We have seen eases where such
a machine on board vessels taking in cargo
would have saved a hundred times its cost.
Ot the practical utility of this invention
therecsn be no doubt. It is of simple contri
vance, and will endure for many vears without
being liable to get out of order. And we are
told the expense will be but moderate,— Boston
Journal.
The vicinity of St. Paul, Minnesota, has
recently been enlivened by an animated scene,
consequent up n the meeting, in grand Coun
cil, ot two hitherto hostile bands of Indians—
the Sioux and Chippewas. We are indebted
to the St. Paul Chronicle and Register, for an
extra contaning the proceedings and the doings
of the Council, from which we compile the
annexed interesting account. The council
took place at Fort Snelling on the 11th of
June, and the appearance and first meeting
of the two hostile tribes are thus noted :
“The Sioux appeard at the Fort, about 12
o’clock decked out in the most characteristic
manner, and numbering about 300 souls.
Some were mounted on horses, and as they
galloped over the plain, shouting and yelling
terr.iically, a sight was presented which was
really picturesque and beautiful. There was
mucn excitement exhibited among the com
paratively few Chippewas on the arrival of
their old enemies, which arose in a great
measure form the consciousness of their eu
periority in numbers, and also from their mu
tual instinctive enmity. After some delay,
caused by the time necessarily occupied in
posting sentinels, arranging preliminaries, &c.,
&c , a deputation of both sides advanced to
wards each other, meeting half way ; and the
ceremony of shaking hand was got through
with, evidently, however, without much cor
diality, or bon gout; for even while their
hands were clasped, they eyed each other in a
suspicious manner, and tried to force a smile,
but it terminated in a mutual grin of ham.
The chiefs and head men were then invited
into the presence of Gov. Rauisay, who was
surrounded by a large concourse of the citi
zens of Fort Snelling. After all had been
comfortably seated, me Governor, on behalf
of the United States, delivered an address
which was interpreted by two persons, the
different tribes not speaking the same Indian
language. The Governor concluded by re
commmending each to appoint four of their
mutual triends to negotiate for them, which
the Indians acceded to. the Chippewas ap
pointing Mr. Warren, Mr. C. Beauieu, Rev.
Mr. Gear and Capt. Todd, to negotiate for
them ; and the Sioux selecting Mr. Forbes,
Mr. O. Faribault, Capt. Monroe and A. Fari
bault, as their representatives.
After various other meetings and ineffectual
attempts to settle matter. *it was finally
couia''
Washington, The council was then adjourned
sine die. ”
Rather an ungallant act, on the part of the
Sioux, towards the ladies present at the Coun
cil, is thus noted :
Some of the American ladies having seated
themselves in ’he Council, the Sioux rose
and left .he tent in a very nngallant manner as
was thought; but they afterwards stated the
reason to have been the termination of the
talk, but some of them said they did not coun
cil with women and consequently left. Hole
in-the-Day, a Chippewa Chief, requested that
the ladies might remain and cheer his tribe,
which gallantry was acknowledge by many of
the ladies in a substantial manner.— Balt.
Amer.
Distressing Casualty.
A very solemn and affecting Providence,
we learn, occurred at Oglethorpe University,
on Wednesday morning last. Two of tbe
students, Mr. L. P. McCutchen and Mr. P.
B. Luce, were on their way to their boarding
house to breakfast, when a sudden thunder
shower overlook them. The lightning struck
the umbrella under which they were walking
and shattered it to atoms, and the fluid enter
ing at the top of tl» cap of Mr. Luce and
passing down on his left side and on the right
side of the other, killed them bo h on the spot.
They were roommates and members of the
Freshman Class—both of them lovely, pions,
and promising young men, and candidates for
the Christian ministry. On returning from
their morning recitation they had retired to
their room, as was their daily custom, and
united in prayer, h was but a few minutes
after they had risen from their knees, and left
their dormitory, that the awful calamity occur
red. When they were found by their fellow
students, they were lying side by side on their
faces with their arms still locked together.
“They were lovely in their lives and in their
death they were not divided.”— Southern Pres
byterian, June 28th.
Strength of the Sword Fish —Another
illustration of the well known power and
agility of the Sword fish, the formidable ene
my of the whale, was discovered by the work
men engaged in repairing the brig Leonidas,
whaler, at this port, a day or two since. In
searching for the cause of aleak, which had
occurred during her last voyage, it was found
that the side of the vessel had been penetrated
quite through, including the copper sheathing
and two thicknesses of solid oak plank, not less
man five inches, by the sword of one of these
fish. The sword was about twelve inches in
length, and had produced a seam by splitting
a plank at its entrance It was broken off
smoothly at the side of the vessel.— New Bed
ford M<rcury.
Whale Shooting Capt. Robert Brown,
of the ship North Star, of New London, is
about sailing on a whaling voyage, and in
tends to use his Wheflkfeg Guns in the business.
Harpoons, with linet attached, are fired from
the guns, and so far ai they have been tested
they have proved entirely successful. In a
voyage of the ship Electra, Capt. Brown
took eleven right whales, nine of which were
taken with the guns. In taking polar whales
the guns were not required, as they were very
tame and easily captured. The guns, har
poons and lances that Capt. Brown is going
co use on the North Star, are patented and are
an improvement upon those used in the Elec
tra.
A Slanderer Answered.—Carlyle, in a
iate pamphlet, in alluding to America, asks :
“What great human soul, what great thought,
what great noble thing that one could worship
or loyalty admire, has yet been produced
there ?” To which a northern paper replies :
“What great human soul?” Washington.
“What great thought?” Liberty. “What
great noble thing ’ ’ A home for the home
less. Bread for the starving. Protection for
the oppressed. We do not know that these
are things which sycophants could worship, or
loyalty admire, bat the fame of the first, the
sacredness of the second, and the uncircum
scribed extent of the third, are what freemen
admire and intend to defend.
How to be Attkactive is Society. —It is
a delicate secret, that of being attractive and
charming in company. Some people think it
requires beauty or knowledge, or eloquence
in the speaker :it requires no such thing. It
is true that beauty brings the hearers near,
but it does not keep them. Some people
think that it requires the speaker to be clev
er io herself, or agreeable or interesting; and
that will please and gratify them infinitely
more, than by displaying the most bril'iant
or extraordinary talent.— HurU and Hamea.
We do not always converse with reason to
learn what we ought to do ; but it is good to
learn sometimes what we ought to avoid.
Ths HfptrUn- —He shows well, says well,
and himself is the worst thing he hath. In
belief, he is the stranger s saint, the neighbor's
di ease, the blot of goodness, a rotten stick io
a dreary night, the poppy in a cornfield, an ill
tempered caudle with a great snuff, that in go
ing out smells very ill; an angel abroad, a devil
at home: and worse when angel than when a
devti.—Biakop B»U
t 3grcultural.
‘ THE DIGNITY OF THE F.AItMEItS*
PROFESSION.
• From an address delivered before the Ame
> rican Whig and Clisophic Societies of the col
lege of New Jersey, on the 24th June, 1849, by
the Hon. John Thompson Mason, ofWashing
' ton county, Maryland, we extract the following
, beautiful tribute to the Aricultural profession.
, The orator deprecates the practice so univer
sally adopted, of preparing every youth who
displaysany signs of genius, for what are called
i tlie learned professions, and adds:
r “Il is a great error to suppose that there aro no
pursuits in life worthy of rhe high calling of a s ho
lar and a student, other than the learned professions.
Os necessity but a small portion of mankind can find
profitable employment as professional men ; and it cer
tainly could never have been the design of the Great
Author of the universe that nine-tenths or more of
the human family should be endowed with intellec
tual faculties for no other purpose than that they
should remain forever dormant, or discharge the
functions of ihe brute. lam aware that there are
some enemies of human rights, who assert and main
tain an opposite doctrine, and who advocate the
slavery and debasement of the human mind, as bet
ter suited to the laboring portion of society, or “the
hewers of wood and drawers of water.” Thank? l
be to the Giver of all good, that we live in a country
in whose soil such doctrines can never find root, and
in an age that will chill and blight the budding of
such sentiments. °
The mind of man can find something to employ it
I*9 every pursuit of life however humble ; and every
occupation can be elevated and more successfully
followed by invoking the aid of ibe mental faculties.
What pursuit affords a better field for the study ot
science, and for the general improvement of the
mind, than an enlightened system of agriculture ? Ol
all tho occupations which can employ the attention
of man, none affords greater facilities for the develop
ment of the noblest faculties of the mind and heart
than agriculture. None is so free from temptations ;
none more honorable; none attended with more
happiness; nono better adapted to the cultivation of
social pleasures, or of an affectionate and reciprocal
51Jat lujent aud orinioji • none so well .
, Ttl , ; T
or to promote a love for, and an obedience to His great
laws!
“Give me, indulgent gods ! with mind serene,
And guiltless heart, to range tho sylvan sjene ;
No splendid poverty, no smiling care,
No well-bred hate, or servile grandeur there ;
The pleasing objects useful thoughts suggest,
Tne sense is ravi-h’d and the soul is blest;
On every thorn delightful wisdom glows,
In every rill a sweet instruction flows.
Yet there are some who would consign this enno
bling pursuit to serfs and vassals, and close up this
bright avenue which leads to refinement and wis
dom, against ail but the most degraded of our spe
cies
Agriculture and civilization have through all time
advanced hand in hand, and have ever been insepa
rable companions; and when the former is suffered
by a people io languish, it is a certain indication that
they are in danger of relapsing into a state of barba
rism, and that refinement, science and literatuie,
and all the arts of peace, have attained their acme,
and have begun and must thenceforward continue to
recede. The condition of the nations of the earth at
present attest the truth of these remarks, and they
are equally applicable to (he nations of antiquity. (
The ancient Romans in the days of their glory and
power were so devoted to agriculture that their most
illustrious commanders were sometimes called from '
the plow. Their refined and enlightened senators 1
commonly resided in the country, and cultivated the
ground with their own hands; and, among all classes '
of society, to be a good husbandman was accounted 1
the highest praise. A noble Homan was overwhelm- I
ed with tears on being obliged to accept the consul- i
ship, became it would deprive him for one year of <
the opportunity ofcultivating his fields.
Shakespeare, with as much truth as b?auty, says .
in regard to a rational and rural solitude: (
‘Hath not old custom made this life more sweet |
Than that of painted pomp? Are not these woods ;
More free from peril than the envious court ?
And this our life, exempt from public haunt,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, ,
Sermons in stones, and good in every thing.”
The mechanic arts, every one of them to a greater '
or less degree, are governed by scientific principles, ’
and cannot be successfully pursued without acer *
tain amount of mental cultivation. No limits can 1
be assigned to the improvements which might be 1
made in every art, were the lights of science and of t
education allowed to shine upon them ; and that <
which is now but a process of dull anil painful imi f
tation, might, by the application of a cultivated mind, |
become a pleasing study, which would be constantly c
developing some new principle in science, and fur- <
nishing fresh food for the mind to feed upon. Hence
I assume the position, that education is designed by 8
providence as a means for the elevation of the entire *
human family, or of as many as can attain to it, and 1
that its blessings and honors are not to be confined 1
to a favored few.” i
Renovatiou of Land with the Cow Pea.
Stafford Hall, Washington Co, Md , ?
February 13th, 1850. $
To the Editor of the American Far
mer :—Dear Str, — Your letter of the 11th Jan
uary, requesting me to give you a statement of
experiments upon the subject of tho Pea cul
ture, was received. My apology for not re
plying to it sooner, is, that 1 was absent from
home the greater part of the month of January,
and latterly have overlooked the matter. A
few days since I received yours of the Bth inst.
repeating the request and I now hasten to give
you the desired information.
To begin 1 mu .st slain rlyU ahput
since, I came into possession of a poor farm,
of the soil is composed of what is usually called
slate land, and of a thin quality. Also, one
hundred and ten acres of it had been in cultiva
tion, and was in a worn-out condition, at the
lime of purchase. Being anxious to improve
ihe place. I commenced cleaning up the old
fields, and in the early part of October, 1847,
I had twelve acres sowed in wheat, upon which
about two hundred poundsof Peruvian Guano
was sown to the acre and shoveled in with
the wheat; —the following spring 1 had leached
ashes and plaster mixed in equal proportions,
and one bushel sown to the acre :—the crop
matured well, but made only one hundred and
thirty nine bushels of clean wheat. If the
wheat had been sown earlier, and the weather
had not been so dry and unfavorable in the
spring, 1 have no doubt the crop would have
been better. In the winter of 1848. I met with
a Prince George’s farmer, and during a con
vessation upon the subject of improving lands,
he recommended to me the broadcast cul
ture of the cow pea, with a view to plow them
under in a green state. He had seen the crop
grown in the South, where they are used by
the planters to renovate their exhausted cotton
fields. I immediately determined to try them,
and procured two barrels of seed from the
South. I had a field of five acres which was
thinly set in clover, and waited until the first
week in June, in order to have the first crop
of clover to turn under, which was very thin.
On the 10th June. 1 had the peas sown broad
cast on the ground, as the plow had left it, and
a roller passed over, to press them in ; this was
all that was done. They came up in a short
time, but did not grow much until the latter
part of August, then they seemed to take a fresh
start, and the ground was soon covered with
tne most luxuriant growth of vines I ever saw.
About the 20th of September, they were in full
bloom, with lateral branches running in every
direction and over two feet high. 1 then start
ed a two horse plow to turn them under.
This was a difficult job, and the plowman had
to keep a harrow in the field to drag the vires
down ; it was rather tedious, but was well
done. Knowing that the quantity of vegetable
matter that would be turned under, would give
to the soil, a vast deal of food for plants, yet
the value of the pea vine being unknown to
me from analysis, I presumed that there would
still be a deficiency of some of the properties
essential to'the growih and maturationof wheat.
1 therefore concluded to make a combination
of guano with the vine, and consequently had,
as near as I could get at it, one hundred and
ten pounds to the acre, of Peruvian guano
sowed upon the vine, before it was turned un
der.
I must now state, that previous to turning t
under the pea vine, I had one acre added to i
the field. This acre was heavily manured with t
barn yard manure, and the guano sowed over i
it, and the vines alike. The wheat (Zimmer- t
man,) on the 27th of September, harrowed in I
and rolled. In March I had about one bushel <
to the acre, of ashes and plaster mixed half and I
half, sowed over the field. The wheat looked <
heauti*'utly in the spring, and attracted a great i
deal of notice. Now for the result. The six t
acres yielded one hundred and thirty four I
bushels of prime wheat besides about three i
bushels of screenings, &c. ; 1 sent about eighty t
bushels to Georgetown lor seed, which aver- I
aged s.xty-seveu pounds to the bushel. I I
weighed a half bushel here, accurately, and it i
made fall 34 pounds. I must observe here, |
that on one aide of the field, there was timber ;
land which shaded the ground a good deal i
and in the field mere was a gully about 40 I
yards long and 3 wide. Moreover the wheat i
was injured some by the fly, (the Zimmerman
variety, on most farms did not make more than
half a crop.) and the season was unfavorable
for the tinder growth to get np, particularly I
on slate land. When the crop was cut it was i
perceptible to all, that the wheat,where the peas
grew, was far superior to that on the manured i
acre ; —it was apparently better beaded, taller
in the straw, and growth more luxuriant;—
indeed, at this time, the stubble will convince
any one. that there must have been a consider
able difference in favor ofthe five acres. Yon
will perceive from all this, that no correct idea
of the real value of the pea can be formed.
Yet from a comparison of the product of the
five acre*, with the crop from the twelve acres
the year previous ; and the apparent superior
ity of tile five acres, over the manured acre,
I am satisfied that it is the best green manure
in the world ;—they wdl grow on the thinnest
land, where it would be difficult to get a crop
of clover to grow, and I am convinced that
they are more fertilizing than clover.
From the Agricultural Department of the Co
lumbus Enquirer.
Mr. Peabody:—ln the absence of any
other response to your request, “ as to
the result of experiments in the culture of
Rutabaga Turnips,” you may use this as you
may think proper.
1 Bowed_ broadcast, about the 10th of Au
gust last, of seed purchased of you, part of a
well manured cow-pen, filling out the balance
of the Io: with White Dutch, and our com
mon variety. We boed and thinned out once
only. By the first of September we com
menced using the White Duch. and contin
ued to do so until they were gone, as we had
previously seen them rot after they had ma
tured. By the middle of October we comenc
ed using the Rutabaga's—two or three of
wtuca made • large dish for a good sized
family, and by the last of November they
would have measured from eighteen to twen
ty-four inches in circumference. They had
’ grown so far out of the ground by this time,
that we were induced to hill them up. and such
as were not used remained in the ground un
til the last of May, when they were freely eaten
by the hogs. They furnished during the fall,
winter, and spring, an abundance of superior
salad, whilst they are in all respects the most
desirable Turnip for table or stock that I have
ever raised. B. A. Sorsry.
POLITICAL
INTERESTING DEBATE.
House of Representatives June 15.
The question was on Mr. Inge’s amend
ment —
Provided, That the people of any portion of said
territory, when assembled in convention in pursu
ance of constitutional authority to frame a State con
stitution, have the right to adopt or exclude African
slavery, a . ‘their determination of Ibis question, by
tbeadoptit. or exclusion of African slavery, shall be n >
obstacle «. the admission of such State into the
Union.
We gi some of the most important five
minutes e eeches:
Mr. Bi. ell renewed the amendment. He
said, the p oposition submitted by the gentle
man from Alabama [Mr. Inge] asserts sub
stantially, that States hereafter presenting
themselvex for admission into the Union ought
not to be refused such admission, on the
ground that their constitutions prohibit slave
ry on the one hand, or on the other permit it.
I shall vote forthat proposition. I shall
vote for it because, in my judgement, it de
clares a correct principle. It is a principle,
sir, upon which I have always stood, and from
which I have no idea of departing—a princi
ple maintained and cherished by my constitu
ents, and one which they will be slow to sur
' render. I shall toi« for i», «ir, for the further
r,rri—e*. as..far jpaf
be done here, an erroneous and injurious in
ference deducible from yesterday’s vote on the
proposition introduced by the gentleman from
Kentucky, [Mr. Stanton ] and which was in
substance like the one now under considera
tion. 1 cannot but regard die vote by which
that proposition was defeated as a most unfor
tunate one ; and, as such, I regard it profound
ly. Not that its necessary practical results are
so much to be deprecated, for they, indeed,
are just nothing stall, but because the true
explanation of that vote will uever be known
by one in a hundred of those who will learn
with alarm the simple fact that such a pro
position was voted down by northern mem
bers on this floor.
The proposition yesterday voted on was in
substance this : that no State ought to be de
nied admission into the Union (when otherwise
entitled to come in) on the ground that the
constitution that she may have adopted for
herself permits slavery. This proposition
was, in my judgement, most unwisely voted
down.
Now, looking at the naked vote on this
question, it appears like a solemn declaration
by the northern members of this branch of
Congress, that no more slave S ates are evar
to be admitted into the Union—that such is
the fixed, irrevocably settled determination of
the people of the North. It is in that aspect,
sir, that that vote will be too generally regard
ed, especially in the South. Thousands there
who learn the result of the vote, will regard it
as a declaration by the North that only States
with constitutions prohibiting slavery are
henceforth to be admitted into the Union
Some will honestly suppose, and others will
assert without caring to inquire whether it be
corrected or not that such is the legitimate and
fair interpretation of that vote. You and I,
Mr. Chairman, and others who witnessed the
proceedings here, know better. We know
that no sucn inference is fairly deducible from
that vote. We know that many did not vote
upon the proposition at all, regarding it as a
mere declaration of an abstract principle, out
of place and out of time, and really calling
for no vote either for or against it. And a
large number of tho«e who voted against it.
did so, as we know, from a desire to see the
California bill kept unembarrassed by this or
any other amendment. These are the consid
erations, as we who are here know, which
induced that vote. But will the explanation
travel into all places side by side with the an
nouncememt of the vote 1 Know you not.
rir, that before yesterday’s sun went down,
our telegraphs had conveyed with lightning
speed the result of that vote into every quar
ter of our Union, and especially into the
South ? And think you that the facts necessary
to its correct understanding went with it ?
Will not hundreds learn the result of that vole,
and be startled at it, who will never know its
true explanation at all ?
Look for a moment at the inevitable effect
of this in the South. It has been declared here
by one or two, or perhaps three northern
members, that it is the fixed determination of
the people of the North to admit no more
slaveholding States into the Union ; and al
'anyfucH h agtlwnn.(lfifti64 Main and nr,iin that
rhp.p declaration..have beenextpiv
the policy which the North intend. Io pursue
toward, that section of the Union. I trust
that few men, even in the South have placed
any confidence in or attached any consequence
to, these declarations. But, sir, with yester
day’s vote in seeming confirmation or these
declarations, how will it appear to them
then? Will not those who are disposed t>
agitate this subject in tho South, and to mislead
and excite Ihe people there, point to this vote
ami say, “Behold the proof of all we have
told you, as to the designs of the North against
us! Is not here the proof that the extremest
declarations as to the designs of the North
made by the extremest Abolitionist on the
floor of Congress is true?” Sir, I am op
posed to furnishing agitators in any quarter
with any such material for their operations.
Let those who are disposed to make war up
on our institutions, or the Union, furnish their
own ammunition.
Sir, I maintain that the proposition now
under consideration contains a principle cor
rect in itself, and recognized by the people of
the North, and esp cially by the Democratic
party. Upon the slavery question they are in
favor of non intervention ; and when new
States shall be formed, they desire that the
people thereof shall be as free to adopt such
a constitution as they may choose for them
selves, as were or are the people of Illinois,
or Massachusetts, or South Carolina, or Mis
sissippi. The proposition now before us as
serts this proposition—no more, no less ;
and for the reasons I have given, I am in favor
of it.
Mr. Butler, of Pennsylvania, renewed the a
mendment, and said, he had voted yesterday
for the same proposition substantially, when
offered by the gentleman from Kentucky, and
he believed be was pretty much alone from the
Whigs of the North, lie was glad to find this
morning that others were coming round to the
same opinion. He was in the habit of explain
ing his reasons on all occasions for his votes,
but he wished to say that he thought it right
then so to vote, and he thought so still. He
thought it unfortunate that the committee re
jected the proportion yesterday, for the effect
which that result was calculated to have upon
the feelings of the South as had just been so
strongly and eloquently slated by the gentle
man from Illinois, [Mr. Bissell.] He, [Mr
Butler.] did not feel the force of me objection
stated by some for refusing to vole for the pro
position, because they did not wish to em
barrass the California biil by adding this as an
amendment. Why. sir, i* was offered as an
amendment to an amendment, and would
not be attached so as to embarrass the
bill, unless the amendment itself should be
adopted; and if that was done, the propo
sition would not add to the difficulty. He
admitted fully the right of the people to form
their constitution to suit themselves, and when
formed, they were entitled to come here and
claim admission as a State into the Union ; and
that there is a pro-slavery clause in their State
constitution forms no insuperable objection
with him to such admission, any more than
that an anti-slavery clause in her fundamental
law shall form such objection. He believed
such to be the sentiment of his constituents, and
so far as his expression of the views he enter
tained may have an influence, he was willing
to let it go, with the hope and expectation that
it mav be sustained by those who hereafter re
present those constituents on this floor. Such
Stales have a right to come in on an equality
with the old States, and to enjoy all the bene
fits and be subject to all the compromises of the
Constitution.
The principle of this amendment is that in
which the admission of California is urged.
Her admission with her anti-slavery constitu
lion is advocated on the ground that the people
there are opposed to slavery, and have done
what they had the right to do—exclude it by
their own action ; and yet many of those who
thus think, opposed the proposition of the gen
tleman from Ky. yesterday. And there is the
same inconsistency on the other side, on the part
of those who offer thia proposition, and yet op
pose California because of the anti-slavery
clause in her constitution, or who suffer that
consideration to influence their opposition in
any degree He thought if all parties would
lay aside their passions and prejudices and
give fair and full expression to their real semi
merits, the proposition to permit a state
to come into the Union with a republican con
stitution, the work of her own hands, recogni
zing or excluding slavery as she thought best,
would receive an almost unanimous vote here.
This discussion this morning has furnished
cheering evidence that such would be the re
sult.
But whether this would be so or not, Mr. D.
thought there was no use in quarreling about
it, and that nothing was to be gained by refu
sing to admit a State on ibis ground. Suppose
a State should offer herself with a con- I
stitution containing a clause permitting slavery, .
and Congress should strike nut the clause and
then admit her, coaid she not, as soon as she |
could call a convention of her constitution,
reinstate the pro-slarery clause, and a°™ ll
slavery ? Ifsne did so. would she nut still be
a State of the Union, on an equality wi n the
other States! There is no doubt of this, nor
that if a State (California for instance) should
be admitted with an anti-slavery clause, she
could immediately afterward! change her con
‘ atitution in this respect, and become a slave
State. If the did, howeren it| might be a
VoL.LXTV—NEW SERIES VOL. XIV—NO. 27.
breach of that compact, her Senatorsand Repre
sentatives would not bo turned away from the
I doors of the Capitol as intruders, itavtng no
risht here. No, str, she would still be a State
i of the Union, with the rights of a sovereign
State. He would add, it is true, ths admission
i of a slave State carries with it that feature of
the Constitution respecting representation
- which is so objectionable to some. Slaves
cannot vote, though three-fifths of them are
represented;—this is fixed by the Constitution
under which we all live; —and however much
any gentleman may wish it otherwise, it is not
such an objection as would influence him to
vote against the admission of a State.
He withdrew the amendment.
Mr. Toombs renewed the amendment, and
said the gentleman from Ohio had just charged
that the opposition to California with her pre
sent constitution by the South, was founded
upon the an .i-slavery clause in her constitution
and therefore, in the denial of this right of a
people forming a Slate constitution, to admit
or exclude slavery, Mr. T. denied the fact, and
demanded proof On the contrary, he asserted
that the South had uniformly held and main
tained this right. That in 182 U, on the Missouri
question, the North denied it, but the South
unanimously affirmed it. From that day till
this, the South, through all her authorized ex
ponents ofher opinions,has affirmed this doc
trine; her legislatures, her Governors of
States, her members upon this floor, and even
her primary assemblies, have all affirmed it, and
the gentleman from Ohio cannot point to a sin
gle particle ofevidence to support his unfound
ed charge. .The South can proudly point to
her whole political history for its relutatian
But how stands the case with the North? She
denied the truth of this great principle of con
stitutional right in 1820, acquiesced in the com
promise then made as long as it was to her in
terest, and then repudiated the comnromise
and reasserted her right to dictate constitutions
to territories seeking admission into the Union.
She put heranti slavery proviso upon Oregon,
and at the last session of Congress, when the
present Secretary of the Navy introduced a bill
to authorize California to form a State govern-,
-rnetst CTaux_jn!o tho Union, leaving her
free to act aS sfto pleased upon uta quoslKru CT
slavery, the North put the anti-slavery proviso
upon this State bill. I know of no Northern
Whig who voted against that proviso. A few
gentlemen of the Democratic parly from the
Northwest [my friend from Illinois among
them, Mr. Richardson,] boldly and honestly
struck for the right, and opposed it; but they
were powerless against the torrent of northern
opposition.
The evidence is complete ; the North repu
diated this principle—and while, for sinister
and temporary purposes, they may pretend to
favor the President’s plan, which affirms it,
they will not sustain it. They will not find a
right place to affirm it until they get California
into the Union, and then they will throw off
the mask and trample it underfoot. 1 intend
to drag off the mask before the consummation
of that act We do not oppose California on
account of the anti slavery clause in her con
stitution. It was her right, and lam not even
prepared to say that she acted unwisely in its
exercise—that is her business; but! stand upon
the great principle that the South has a righ* to
an equal participation in the territories of the
United States. I claim the right for her to en
ter them all with her property and securely to
enjoy it. She will divide with you if you
wish it, but the right to enter all or divide, I
shall never surrender. In my judgment, this
right, involving, as it does, political equality,
is worth a thousand such Unions as we have,
even if they each were a thousand times more
valuable than this. I speak not for others, but
for myself. Deprive us of this right and ap
propriate this common property to yourselves,
it is then your government, not mine. Then
I am its enemy, and I will then, if I can. bring
my children and my constituents to the altar
of liberty, and, like llamilcar, I would swear
them to eternal hostility to your foul domina
tion. Give us our just rights, and we are
ready, as ever heretofore, to stand by the
Union, every part of it, and its every interest.
Refuse it, and for one, I will strike for Inde
pendence
Mr. Stevens, of Pennsylvania, renewed the
amendment. He was somewhat puzzled, he
said, to know how to vote upon this question.
At first he had not much doubt about it, but
since two of his distinguished colleagues had
gone, and since he found that the gentleman
from Delaware was going with the South, he
was quite frightened, for he did not know what
would be the consequence, if disunion should
take place, and they should be against us.—
He hoped the gen.lentan would {etract, and
let us act fairly and leave at least doubtful
questions where the gentleman from Delaware
was for leaving them, with the people them
selves. But, seriously, he could not support
this amendment, and he did not want to hold
out the idea to the South, for he desired to
deal frankly, even if offensively with them.—
He was not to hold out the idea to the South
that he believed that any considerable portion
of the North were in favor of the principle of
this amendment, for he did not believe it was
the case. And he believed they would find,
however much they might be inclined to lay
the flittering unction to their souls now, what
had been demonstrated to-day by the gentie-
i....l well said, they would not be
here themselves, they would find successors
who held no such principles. He believed it
was the settled purpose of a vast majority of
the North that no new slave Stales should be
admitted into the Union out of Territory that
was now free. Let gentlemen make this the
test of their policy ; let it go to the country
that this was a test question—though he did
not believe it was—and he would ask no bet
ter test, he would ask no better platform to
stand upon. But there was another kind of
principle which he thought ought to govern
them, and it was this : where the Constitution
was formed, the slave Stales then in the Union
were allowed to have their slave properly re
presented, five slaves counting equal to three
freemen. It was said then to be evidently
unjust, unless other kinds of property were
permitted also to be represented ; but there
was nothing in the constitution which required
that this privilege should be extended to new
States; yet it appeared that some of the re
presentatives of the free Slates were ready
and willing to admit new slave States, and to
extend to them this principle, although the
constitution did not require it. They were
willing that in all the new Slates one man and
five slaves should have as many votes as four
of their free constituents. He understood his
respected colleague from Luzerne, and his
respected colleague from Union county, as
being willing to give to five slaves and their
master, in the new States, as many votes as
four of their white constituents were entitled
to. Let this fact go to their constituents.
Mr. Williams made a remark which did not
reach the ear of the reporter.
Mr. Stevens said he did not intend to mis
represent his colleague. He repeated, that
such would be the effect of admitting new
States in which the institution of slavery pre
vailed. Every new State where slavery ex
isted would be entitled to a representation in
the Federal Congress, based upon slave re
presentation in the proportion of five slaves
for three freemen ; and the neople of the old
Connecticut reserve, and the honest yeoman
ry of the Union, were to be balanced against
n slave representation in that way. He, for
one, could never agree to any such doctrine.
The constitution did not require it: and by
the Constitution he would abide.
He withdrew the amendment.
Mr. Vinton renewed the amendment. He
sai l he should vote against the proposition,
and also against the one which his colleague
had given notice that he should offer. What
was ihe proposition ? It was, that if any State
hereafter formed a constitution which permit
ted or recognized slavery, this should be no
obstacle to its admission into the Uuioti.—
Take (said Mr. V.) the first of these alterna
tives —for I suppose the meaning is. that it
constitutes no constitutional or legal objection
against their admission—take the first of these
alternatives that it shall be no objection to the
admission of a State into the Union that it
comes with a constitution that excludes slavery.
Why, sir, I want no such affirmation as that.
Already, sir, since the adoption of this consti
tution, seven States have come into the Union
with such a provision in their constitutions,
and a greater uumber have come in with con
stitutions admitting slavery. If there is any
thing that is settled more indisputably than
another, it is that there is no constitutional or
legal objection to the admission of a State on
the ground that slavery is excluded. lam not
for affirming a proposition that is undisputed.
The very act of proposing to affirm it implies
that it is disputable ; and I shall not vote to
throw a doubt upon a proposition that is more
firmly settled in the history of this Government
than any other perhaps that can be named.—
As a Southern man, I would not vote for the
proposition, and as a Northern man I will not.
1 do not wish any such proposition made
There is no doubt about the fact, and tnerefore
1 am not for voting for it. The whole thing
is neither more nor less than a waste of time ;
it is perfectly idle, it is a matter that would be
more appropriate in a debating club—there is
nothing in it that pertains to legislation. We
are supposed to be engaged in the business of
legislation, but this proposition is not legisla
tion. it does not partake of the character of
leeislstion ; it is a mere abstraction which ben
efits nobody and amounts to nothing. That
is my objection.
He withdrew the amendment.
Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, renewed the a
mendment, and said: I wish, Mr. Chairman,
to put a question to the gentleman from Ohio,
[Mr. Vinton,] who has just taken bis seat. I
wish to know if he would vote for the admis
sion of a State into the Union with a constitu
tion recognizing African slavery ? He bas just
said that there could be no legal or constitutional
objection to the admission of such a State ; but
there might be some " sentimental” objection.
We have heard s'range doctrines lately—we
| have heard of principles and sentiments higher
than the law, and carrying obligations stronger
I than the Constitution. It is useless for the gen
| tieman to tell me that there eouid be no legal
' er constitutional objection to the admission of
a slave Stale into the Union. That I know
quite well. And it is equally useless for him
to tell me what has been the past history of the
country on th s subject; that I also know quite
well. But I know likewise, that there is a
party in the North who aver that there snaJl be
no more slave Stales, notwnhslandmg there s
no legal or constitutional ob.eetions to their
| admission; and i want to know if the gonUe
man from Ohio belongs to that party. I,
u'tefore, put the question directly to him, and
a*k him if he would vote for the admission of
a State with a constitution recognizing slave
ry ? I put the qustion to him. and I want him
to answer it here, in the presence of this
House, and before the American people. I
pause for a reply.
Several voices. He is silent.
Yes, (continued Mr. 8..) the gentleman is
silent. I call upon the House and the country
to note the import of that silence. If the a
mendment proposed be such a bare abstraction
as he represents it, why does he not respond
to my plain, but direct question ? lam bound
to infer, sir, that he would not vote to admit a
State, if the people in any of our territories
•hould form a constitution with slavery. And
lam bound to infer tbe same thing of all those
other gentlemen aronnd me, who profess to ba
for the President’s plan, as they call it.
That plan, I am bound to believe, was under
stood by the President to be nothing but the
adoption of the principles of this amendment
for the territories. That principle is, to let the
people decide this question for themselves
when they form a State constitution ;,and yet,
strange to say, only two gentleia if the
Whig party from the North, Mr. k irand
Mr. Casey,] both of Pennsylvania, t e this
day risen and declared, on this floor,. tthey
would stand by that plan in good Faith I call
the especial attention of the House id the
country to this fact; and I ask anyt rand
candid man, if my colleague (Mr. T- imbs]
was not right the other day, when he-, arged
upon members of this House who ha - pre
tended to espouse that plan, purposes ot fraud
and deception? You cannot escape fiom it.
You are for the plan only so far as it suits your
interest. You w : ll let the people settle the
question, provided they settle it your way, but
if they do not, then you will reject their appli
cation to be admitted as States. Sir, I want
this House purged upon this question. I want
no equivocation, no evasion, no dodging, and
no skulking. If you are for tbe President’s
plan, if you are in favor of leaving this ques
tion for the people, untrammeled, have the
manliness to say so ; and if you are not, don’t
fbow the pusilauimity ui attempting by fraud
ulent practices to make people believe that
you are when you are not. I intend to speak
plainly te the gentleman from Ohio, [Mr. Vin
ton.] He cannot deceive me in this matter.
How did he vote on the bill introduced last
session by tbe present Secretary of the Navy
to allow tbe people ofCalifornia to form a con
stitution for themselves untrammeled by Con
jress ? That was the President's plan. Was
lie then for it, or wa, he for loading it with the
proviso ’ Let him answer me.
Mr. Vinton interposed and said he did not
vote upon it at all—he was in the chair.
Mr. Stephens continued ; yes, sir, I know
that. But was he for the bill? Would ha
have voted for it if he had been out of th.
chair ? Or would he vote for a similar bill now
for the other territories ? That is the question
I put to him, and he is again silent. Now, sir,
I ask, is this fair dealing, and do gentlemen
really think they can humbug me, and bam
boozle the country in thia way by their pre
tending that their opposition to this amend
ment is for no other reson than because it is
an abstraction, thrown in to embarrass the ad
mission of California 1
One word, sir, in reply to another gentle
man from Ohio [Mr. Giddings.l who comes
out boldly and declares his opposition to the
admission of any more slave States- He
says that those nonhern gentlemen who are
willing to allow slave States to be admitted,
are for putting their free constituents of the
North on a footing with Southern slaves. I
deny it. I join issue with him upon the fact,
I say that his assertion is groundless and gra
tuitous. I have heard a great deal upon this
floor about the political power secured to the
South on account of the two fifth representa
tion. That gentleman has just said, that one
man with one thousand slaves in New Mexico,
would have as much power in this Govern
ment, as six hundred freemen of the North.
I deny the fact A freeman in Pennsylvania
and a freeman in Ohio, has as much influence
and power in this Government under our con
stitution, as a freeman has in Georgia, Virginia,
or any other slave State. And a freeman in
any one of those States with a thousand slaves,
has no more power or influence, has no more
privileges, immunities or franchises under the
Constitution of the United States, than a free
man in the freest State of this Union has.
This whole argument against the South on ac
count of the two-fifth representation res's upon
assumptions which are unjust and untrue.
Instead of giving the South additional power,
it is actually restrictive of her power. This—
(Here the hammer fell.) Mr. S. withdrew
the amendment
Correspondence of the Charleston Courier.
Baltimore, June 22, 9P. M.—l have just
returned from a town meeting, held in Monu
ment Square. It was called by our citizens
generally, for the purpose of expressing public
sentiment in regard to the momentous question
now agitating our country, relative to slavery
and more especially with reference to the mat
ter as it now stands before Congress. Thos.
Swan, Esq , President of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, was called to the Chair, assist-
nsm. .kLuv Preaijlsmw nfity
came forward and made a moat eloquent
peal. He deprecated the difficulty into which
our country had fallen, and regretted the ina
bility of Congress, thus far, to settle the ques
tion. His remarks throughout were well timed
and forcible. Several other gentlemen suc
ceeded him in addressing the multitude. A
series of Resolutions were read, which strong
ly favored, and recommended to Congress, the
speedy adoption ol the Compromise bill of
fered by the Committee of Thirteen. The
meeting throughout was enthusiastic, and
thqge present seemed to manifest an unmis
takable desire to have tho great question dis
posed of. There were probably not less than
from seven to eight thousand persons in attend
ance. The great public voice which has thus
been seat abroad must have its influence and
may result in good.
The Hon. Henry Clay was expected to be
one of the speakers, but he is at this time so
journing with his friend, Mr. Carroll, a few
miles from Baltimore, recuperating h.s health.
The Hon. Dani. Webster, it was also thought,
would be here, but he is now rusticating at
Piny Point.
The case of the United States vs. Capt. Wm.
K- Gardiner, of the brig Francis Jane, and his
mate. William Humphreys, indicted for the
manslaughter of the cook of the vessel, a
colored man named Thomas, alias Thompson,
was brought to a close to-day, by finding the
parties guilty of the crime charged. It ap
peared in evidence that the colored man was
cruelly treated. He was compelled, under
threats of death, to eat and actually swallow,
until he could contain no more, a quantity of
refuse slop, filth, &c , mixed with old potatoe
pealings and other abominable ingredients.
The man ate, and soon after died from the ef
fects. A post mortem examination discovered
hie stomach and throat actually gorged with
these ingredients.
North-Carolina. —The Democratic party
of the old North State met, in Convention, at
Raleigh, on the I3th inst., and nominated Col.
David S. Reid, as their caudidatefor Governor.
At the same time they passed, among others,
the following Resolutions:
" Resolved, That the Union of these States,
as formed by our forefathers, is dearer to us
than every thing else, besides our vital inte
rests and honor; that we will cherish it and
stand by it so long as it realizes in its opera
tion the designs of those who founded it as
equals; but that, while we thus yield to none
in our attachment to it, we are still determin
ed, happen what may, to resist all palpable
violations of the Constitution, and all attempts
to wield this Government, by a mere sectional
majority, to tne injury and degradation of the
Southern people.
Resolved, That the Compromise, known as
the Missouri Compromise, was adopted in a
spirit of mutual concession and conciliation;
and, though the South leels that it detracts
from her constitutional rights, yet for their
love ot the Union, this Convention is willing
to abide by it, and would cheerfully see all the
distracting questions settled on thia basis.”
Delaware.—At a late Convention of the
Democrats of Newcastle county, (Del.,) among
others, the following resolutions were adopted:
Resolved, That the democracy of Newcastle
county are warmly in favor of the compromise
bill reported by the committee of thirteen, now
pending before the United States Senate ; and
that those Senators who are laboring for the
restoration of peace and prosperity to our dis
tracted country, by the passage ofthe various
bills reported by that committee, deserve, in a
high degree, the thanks of the nation.
Resolved, That the Senators from this Slate,
by co-operating with those who have been and
are protracting the difficulties existing between
the various sections of the Union, evince an
utter disregard for the wishes, feelings, and in
terests of the mass of their constituents, and, by
thus arraying themselves with the fanatical
abolitionists of the North and the impracticable
ultras of the South, have betrayed the influ
ence of the Stale of Delaware into the liands of
an unholy alliance of dangerous disuuioniau.
The Voice or Viroikia.—Every Whig
paper which we have seen from Western Vir
ginia, advocates the Compromise. With the
exception of our able <on emporaries the
Fredericsburg News, (which advocates the
Missouri line,) and the Richmond Whig, the
whole Whig press of the East, like that of the
West, is for the Compromise. The Petersburg
Intelligencer, the Charlottsville Advocate, aud
in short, with the above exceptions, every
Whig press of the East, as well as the West,
say God speed the Compromise.— kickmend
Republican.
Mr. Toombs or Georgia.—We regard thia
gentleman as one of the ablest men in Congress
We are more and more impressed with the
oelief that he is a truly just man. He is decid
edly none of your shams. There is about all he
save, the ring of the genuine metal. Georgia
has reason to be proud of her Toombs, her
Stephens, her Berrien, and her Butler King, tha
latter of whom, though not now in publiu life,
was one of the most energetic and useful pub
lic men in Congress. We hope to see his star
once more in the ascendant— Richmond Repub
lican.
The oil factory of Messrs, rimnb, in South
Salem, was de-iroyed by fire on Thursday—
loss s£>,ooo—insurance 14,000.