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of the State or foreign country, the laws of
the place determine hie condition, and not the
laws of the flag of the ship in which he is trans
ported there. On the ocean the flag deter
mines the jurisdiction, for the reasons I have
assigned ; but the moment they come within
the separate jurisdiction of any State or coun
try, that moment they become amenable to,
and are liable to be dealt with according
to. the laws of that country. If the constitu
tion possess the paramount authority attributed
to it, the laws of even the free States of the
Union would yield to that paramount authori
ty. If, therefore, it be true that, according to
the laws now in force in California, New
Mexico, and Utah, slavery cannot be intro
duced—if such is the lex loci, the constitution
of the United States is as passive and neutral
upon the subject as the constitution or Govern
ment of any other country upon earth. 1
protects wherever upon the high seas the slave
is out of the separate jurisdiction of any s a ,
foreign or domestic. It affords no prole
when it comes within the scope and jurisdtc
lion of laws which forbid the existence of
slavery. I do not mean to go into a long ar
gument upon this subject. I did intend at
one time, to take it up andd.scuss >t very fully.
I have thought it best, however, under all the
circumstances, of the case merely to express
these brief opinions, which I entertain in rela
tion to it. In opinion, therefore, the sup
position that the constitution of the United
States carries slavery into California, suppo
sing her not to be a State, is an assumption
totally unwarranted by the constitution.—
Why, if the constitution gave the privilege, it
would be incompetent for California to adopt
the provision which she has in her constitution
The constitution of the United States being
supreme, no State could pass an enactment in
contravention of the constitution. My rules
of interpreting the constitution of the United
States are the good old rules of ’9B and '99.
1 have never in my life deviated from those
rules. And what are they I The constitution
is an aggregate of ceded powers. No power
is granted except when it is expressly delegat
ed, or when it is necessary and proper to car
ry into effect a delegated power. And if in
any instance the power te carry slaves into the
Territories is guarantied to you by the con
•titution, or is an incident necessary to the
carrying out of any other pOWBt that is detogal
ad in the cnnaiit.uifow.4 Have been unable to
perceive it. Amidst all the vicissitudes of
public life, and amidst all the changes and
turns of party, I never have in my life deviat
ed from these great, fundamental, and I think
indisputably true principles of interpreting
the constitution of the United States. Take
these principles to be true, and where is the
power—can any body point it out to ma! —
which gives you a right to carry your slaves to
California 7 Where is the delegated power,
or the power to which it attaches as a necessary
implication 7 It is nowhere to be found.
You must resort to some such general princi
ple as the Federalists did in the early history
of this country, when they contended for the
doctrine of the “ general welfare." But you
cannot put your finger on the part of the con
stitution which conveys the right or the power
to carry slaves from one of the States of the
Union to any Territory of the United States.
Mr President, you will remark that I am ex
pressing an opinion upon the power, the con
stitutional right. Ido not go into the question
of how the powers of Government are to be
exercised or applied in the course of adminis
tration. That is a distinct question. I am
arguing the question of constitutional power.
Nor, sir, can I admit for a single moment that
there is any separate or several rights upon
the part of the States, or individual members
of a State, or any portion of the people of the
United States, te carry slaves into the Territo
ries, under the idea that those Territories are
held in common between the several States.
It is a joint property, held by a common trus
tee forth- general good, and to be administer
ed by the General Government, according to
its d eliberaie judgment of what will best pro
mote the common happiness and prosperity,
and do justice to all.
If, therefore, I am right in these opinions
which I have expressed, to run a line at 35 deg.
or 36 deg. 30 min. through California, without
declaring what the effect of that line shall be,
either south or north of it. would I repeat, be
running aline in the sand—a line without mo
tive, without purpose, without accomplishing
any end whatever. Therefore I must say that
those Senators upon the other aide, who have
contended for an express recognition of the
right to errry slaves south of that line, have
contended for something much more perfect
and efficient than to run a naked line without
any such declaration. But, then, there are
two considerations which oppose insuperable
objections to any such recognition or declara
tion to carry slaves south of that line. The first
is, that you cannotdo without an assumption o
power upon the part of Congress to act upon
the institution of slavery ; and if they have the
pow, t in one way, they have the power to act
upon it in the other way ; and th- power to act
upon it in either way is what you have deemed,
and endeavored to prevent being accomplished
for the last two or three years. It would be an
assumption, a usurpation according to the
Southern doctrine, for Congress to exorcise
any power either to interdict or establish slav
ery upon either side of a given line. The
other objection to accomplishing this end is,
that it is impracticable and unattainable. A
majority neither of this House nor of the other
House—not one-third probably of this House,
and perhaps still a smaller portion of the other
House—could be got to affirm any right of
transporting slaves south of 36 dog- 30 min. It
is then wrong in principle, and impracticable
we
tainable without value, without necessity, with
out advantage to the South 7 Orwhy attempt
that which is unattainable—a line which shall
secure any express provision for the power or
right on the part of the slaveholder to carry his
slaves south of it t
Having endeavored to show that the measure
which we have under consideration is better
for the South than the Missouri line, let
me compare the measure in a few
brief words with the other one which has been
under consideration by us heretofore. The
other measure proposes to admit California
forthwith, and new Mexico as soon as she pre
sents a constitution, and Utah to follow on
sometime after New Mexico isadmnted —all to
be permitted to decide the question for them
selves, without any intervention of the power
or authority of Congress.
Well, what advantage is that to the South I
You know—for I believe it has been already
done by the constitution of New Mexico as well
as by that of California —that slavery will be pro
hibited. You know that if New Mexico comes
in, she comes in like California, with an inderdic■
lion of slavery ; and you know that she wilt
never come in without such an interdiction.
What do you get then 7 What advantage to
the South 7 Sir, it is a one sided measure—
the measure which lam considering. It is all
North, and looks not at all towards Southern
interests. It is liable to objections which I have
already stated upon a former occasion, and
which it is not necessary that I should repeat
now But if you admit New Mexico with the
boundary between bar and Texas unadjusted,
what may the consequences be 7 You admit
a territory and people who, if Texasshall es
tablish her claim to the whole extent of the eas
tern border of the Rio Grande, may be cut off
by the subsequent action of Texas, or of the
Supreme Court of the United States. You
admit the State of New Mexico, {afterwards to
be cut io two, and • State left in the Union
without territory, and without people; for I
will state what is well kown I dare say to other
Senators, that all the people who can consti
tute any ground or color of claim for the admis
aion of New Mexico into the Union as a State,
are upon the east side of the Rio Grande, and
all the territory worth having is upon the same
side of that river. Then, it happens, if the
plans presented for the admission of these
States be adopted and carried out, you take
California absolutely .with all her present limits,
and New Mexico in such away that it may
happen that you will have a state in the
Union without territory and without people.
Texas, by the assertion and successful prosecu
tion of her claim, will have taken all the terri
tory and all the people that would have consti
tuted any ground for tba admission of the
State of New Mexico.
Mr. President, I approach now the question
of what the consequence must be of the defeat
of the measure now before the Senate, and
what the consequence will probably be in case
of the suece -fol support of the measure by
Congress. If the bill is defeated, and noequiv
alent measure be passed, as in all human prob
ability would be the case—if this measure is
not passed, and wo go home, in what condition
do we leave thio free and glorious people ! In
regard to Texas there is danger, as I have re
marked, of two civil wars. There is danger
m the first place, oftbe resistance es the peo
ple of New Mexico to the authority of Texas,
supposing non interference on the part of the
General Government. But if New Mexico 1
goes on to organise herself into a State Gov
ernment. and insists upon the exercise of the 1
powers which appertain to State sovereignty, 1
we must shot our eyes and be blind to passing 1
events, ifwe do not see that there is danger
el a servile civil war, originating between Tex- '
as and—if you please—the troops oftbe United 1
States that may come in in aid of New Mexico.
Assuming that Toxas will move with military
array upon New Mexico, there will probably '
ba resistance apon the part of the General 1
Government to the entry of the troops of Tex- 1
as into the hurts of New Mexico, sithough 1
there may be uncertainly as to the course upon '
thia subject which will be taken by the Admin- 1
"•ration just c immg into power, upon which 1
we have the advantage of no light whatever. I
But we know that the Administration which 1
has just passed out of power would in that con- ’
ungency. have repelled the stuck made by ’
I exes. If the present Administration should I
le«l it incumbent upon itself to repel such au ’
invasion, the consequences which lam about 1
eeea rtr * J ** possible, if not likely to 1
lam not going to magnify the power of 1
l exas. lam not going to magnify the power 1
°* It is with intuit* regret. I
with profound sorrow and surprise, that I near 1
individuals 111 State, talk.ng as they occawon- I
affy do. Why. uwu onlv the other day that '
" member returned from the NashviH. Con- ’
vontion. addressed, we are fold, the people of i
Charleston. South Carolma. I do not know |
which most to admire, the gravity and possible I
consequent.. which may ensue from carrying I
eel the views of lire delegate to the Nashville
Convention, or tbe ridiculous scenes which
occurred during tbe course of the public meet
>ug He was applauded moot enthusiastically
-a. 1 learn lr.ni the public papers, and as I
learn aba from a iradibb ganiiemaa who was
preveat at the meet tag when he declared chat,
if the South did net join henelf te thia stan
dard of rebellion, South Carolina weald her
self raaa it, and tight thia Union singly and
alone ' Yea. eud a gentleman in the audience,
■n a fit es most patriotic e nth us team, and if
South Carolina doe. not do it. I, with
Wrong arm and wy long puree will fight the i
Vaiea m>aoif' ' ,
Mr. Preardont, I have no patience for hear- I
mg ib.'S bravado, come from what source u ,
may At tba same time. I ant not disposed to i
undervalue it* importance aa one of many
qowmponaerus eveam. t
‘ 1 There are certain great interests in tlno
' ' country which are contagious, .ympat hetic.
■ the contest were alone with I ®» e
United Stales, I United States might
' little probability that the Um«d
i come off victorious m ’ , we nty-nine
• Texas. It » possible that tn
' o,her New Mexico, if every
' vasion aloo f, and left the two
• other co "”‘J lljled states and Texas, to fight
contest. I think there is some proba
' bi" with the gallant individual now m
mv eve, (General Scott,) in command of our
nrmies who has already so signalized the
-lory of his country and himselt, we might
come off not second best in a contest with
Texas alone. But, air, Texas will not be alone;
if a war breaks out between her and the troops
of the United States on the Upper Rio Grande,
there are ardent enthusiastic spirits of Arkan
sas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama, that
will flock to the standard of Texas, contend
ing. as they believe they will be contending,
for slave territory. And they will be drawn
on, State by State, in all human probability,
from the banks of the Rio Grande to the banks
of that river which flows by the tomb of
Washington. Ido not say that hap
pen, but I say there is danger that it may hap
pen. If there should be a war. even of all the
Southern States with the residue of the Union,
1 am not going to say that in such a contest,
such a fratricidal contest, the Union itself, the
residue of the Union, might not prove an
overmatch for Southern resistance. I will not
assert what party would prevail in such a con
test ; for you know, sir, what all history teach
es, that the end of war is never seen in the
beginning of war, and that few wars which
mankind have waged among themselves, have
ever terminated in the accomplishment of the
objects for which they were commenced.
There are two descriptions of ties which bind
this Uninn and this glorious people together.
One is the political bond and tie which connects
them, the other is the fraternal and commer
cial tie which binds them together. I want to
see both preserved. I wish never to see the
day when the ties of commerce and fraternity
shall be destroyed, and the iron bands afforded
by political connexions shall alone exist and
keep us together. And when you take into
view-me ntttr convtctron wnten rexas nnv w
her undoubted right, when we know at this
moment that her Legislature is about to con
vene, and before the autumn arrives troops
may be on their march from Texas to take
possession of the disputed territory of New
Mexico, which she believes to belong to her
self—is there not dinger which should make
us pause and reflect, before we leave this capi
tal without providing against such a perilous
emergency 7 Let blood be once spilled in the
conflict between the troops of Texas and those
of the United States, and, my word for it,
thousands of gallant men will fly from the
States which I have enumerated, if not from
all the slaveholding States, to sustain and suc
cor the power of Texas, and to preserve her
in possession of that in which they, as well as
she, feel so deep an interest. Even from Mie
souri—because her valiant population might
most quickly pour down upon Santa Fe aid
and assistance to Texas—even from Missouri,
herself a slave State, it is not at all unlikely
that thousands might flock to the standard of
tbe weaker party, and assist Texas in her strug
gles. Is that a state of thin?* which you.
Senators, can contemplate without apprehen
sion 7 Or can you content yourselves with
going home and leaving it to be possibly realiz
ed before the termination of the current year 1
Are you not bound, as men, as patriots, as
enlightened statesmen, to provide for the con
tingency 7 And how can you provide for it
belter than by this bill, which separates a re
luctant people about to be united to Texas, a
people who themselves, perhaps, will raise the
standard of resistance against the power of
Texas—which separates them from Texas, and
guards them against the possibility of a sym
pathetic and contagious war, springing up be-
' tween the slave States and the power of the
General Government, which 1 regard as almost
i inevitable, if Congress adjourns wi'h the ad
mission of California alone, stopping there,
and doing nothing else. For, sir, the admis
, sion of California alone, under all the circum
i stances of the lime, with the proviso still sus
pended over the heads of the South, with the
abolition of slavery still threatened in the Dis-
1 trict of Columbia—the act of the admission of
i California, without provision for the settlement
of the Texas boundary question, without the
other portions of this bill, will aggravate and
embitter and enrage the South, and make them
rush on furiously and blindly, animated as they
believe bv a patriotic zeal to defend themselves
against Nornern aggression. I call upon you,
then, and I call upon the Senate, in the name
of the country, never to separate from this
Capitol, without settling all these questions,
i leaving nothing to disturb the general peace
i and repose of the country.
Mr. President, I have hitherto argued upon
; the contingency of nothing being done but the
simple admission of California Now, let me
I argue upon the contingency of the passage of
i this bill. What will be its leading effects?
i What its reconciling consequences 7 The
> honorable Senator who usually sits before me.
but who now sits upon my left, (Mr. Hale,)
has told us more than once that if you pass
this bill you do not hush agitation; you even
increase it; that it will become more violent
than ever. With regard to that Senator,
while I detest his abolition principles, I admire
his manly, pleasant, convivial, and personal
qualities: his good humor, his power of ready
debate, the promptness with which he can
carry on a guerrilla fight in the Senate
■ l(1
twill not say that the Senator from New;
Hampshire does not believe what be says.
That, respect for the decorum of debate will
prevent me from saying. But, Mr. President,
do you believe that the abolitionists conceive
that more agitation will spring out of this
measure than exists now 7 They live by agi
tation. It is their meat, their bread, the air
which they breathe; and if they saw, in its in
cipient state, a measure giving them more of
that food and meat, and bread, and air, do you
believe that they would oppose themselves to
its adoption 7 Do you not believe that they
would AaiZ [Hale] it as a blessing 7 [Great
laughter.]
Why, Mr. President, how stands the fact 7
There is not an abolitionist in the United States
that I know of—there may be some—there is
not au abolition press, if you begin with the
abolition press located in Washington, and
embrace all others, that is not opposed to this
bill—not ono of them. There is not one
abolitionists in this Senate chamber or out of
it, any where that is not opposed to the adop
tion of this compromise plan. And why are
they opposed to it 7 They see their doom as
certain as there is a God in heaven who sends
hie providential dispensation to calm the threat
ening storm aud to tranquillize agitated man.
Aa certain as that God exists in heaven, your
business, [turning towards Mr. Hale,] your
avocation is gone. 1 argue much more from
acts, from instinctive feelings, from the
promptings of the heart, from a conscious ap
prehension of impending ruin to the cause
which they espouse, than I do from the decla
matory and eloquent language which they em
ploy in resistance to this measure. What'
increased agitation, and the agitators against
the plan 1 It is an absurdity.
Let us now take up the measures in detail,
and see how there could be greater agitation
after the adoption of this general system of
compromise than without its adoption. Let
us begin and go over tbe whole five measures,
ifyou please. There is California, she is ad
mitted into the Union : will they agitate about
that 7 Well, there are the Territorial Govern
meu's established : will they agitate about that 7
There is the settlement of the Texas boundary
question ; upon what can they agitate about
the settlement of uie boundary ofTexas I They
have every probability—l own it frankly to my
Southern friends, not resulting from tbe set
tlement of the i oundary, but from the nature
aud character of the country—of having that
dedicated also to free soil : will they agitate
about that 7 Then, will they agitate about the
slave trade in the District ofColumbia 7 That
is accomplished. Then what can they agitato
abont, supposing the whole system of measures
to be carried out ! They might agitate a little
about not getting the proviso fastened upon
the bill; and might agitate a little about not
getting the abolition of slavery itself In the Dis
trict of Colusnbia. The Senator behind me
(Mr. Seward) ha* estimated the number of
slaves atoue thousand. I think he is mistaken
and that it is a little more than dial. What, in
the name of beaveu. will they agitate about if
these five measure* are carried t Whom will
they agitate I Who will be their auditory in
the agitation 7 Here is a scheme of national
reconciliation, a scheme or system which bring
into fraternal harmony those whose hands
were about to be raised against each other a*
enemies—a system to whicb die whole coun
try become reconciled. What will they agitate
about 7 To whom will they agitate 7 Where
will they get followers and disciples 7 There
is a portion of diem—l speak not of the free
soilera ; I speak not of those who tram princi
ple are bouestly opposed to tbe extension of
slavery, but of that fanatic, desperate band who
call themselves I know not what—liberty men
or something of tbe kind—but there are those
who hay* declared that this Union ought not
to exist—those who would strike down the pil
lar* upon which stands the most glorious edi
fice that ever was erected by the arm of man—
self-government— and that would crush a
midst the ruins of the fall all this people, and
all the hopesand expectations efourselves aud
mankind. Men who would go into die temples
of tho holy God and drag from their sacred
posts the ministers who are preaching his gos
pel for the comfort of mankind and their sal
vation hereafter, and turn die temples them
selves—Uiey might agitate. Men who, if their
power was equal to their malignity, would
siexe the sun of this great system of ours, drag
it from the position in which it keeps in order
die whole planetary system of the universe,
and replncge the world in chaos and confusion
to carry out their single idea—they, perhaps
might.agitate. But the great body of die peo
pie of the United States will acquiesce in this
adjustment, will be reconciled to this settlement
by their common representatives, alter near
nine months of anxious and arduous struggle.
The great body of the people of the United
States will be satisfied and acquiesce iu this
great settlement of onr national trials and dif
ficulties, iu this the roost momentous crisis that
has ever existed in our history. No. sir; they
may threaten agitation ; they may talk es it,
here and elsewhere ; but lheir occupation is
gone. They will be stigmatized, and justly
«igm«l,xed « unworthy disturber* of the
longer <o prolong the
Mwuuon* and detraction, of thi* country, af
tur w* kava wuiud. and so wull soctlud m>
ny quntiOM which d vided u,
But, Mr. President, lam not QB lv
in my eonvicoonv that thia will ba thi n | ntw ,
and healing effect of this great plan of eoinpro
tn i*e and settlement of our difficulties. but 1 aw
supported by the nature of man. and by the
truth ofbtstorv. What ia that nature f Why
or, after perturbing storms a cairn is sure to fob
low. The nation wants repose. It pants for
repose, and entreats you to gtre it peace and
tranquility. Do you believe, when the nation's
Senators and the Muon's Representatives,
after such a conuaued struggle as wo have bed,
shall settle these questions, it is possible Tor tbe I
most malignant of all men longer to disturb the I
peace and quiet and harmony oflhis otherwise
most prosperous country. But I said not only
accord ng to the uature of man but according
to the universal desire which prevails through
out the wide spread land, would the acceptance
of this measure, in my opiniou, lead to a joy
and exultation almost unexampled in our his
tory. I refer to historical instances occurring
in our Government to verify me in the convic
tion I entertain of the healing and tranquili
ziug consequences which would result from the
adoption of this measure. What was said
when the compromise was passed 7 Then as
now, it was denounced. Then, as now, when
it was approaching its passage, when being
perfected it was said, "It will not quell the
storm, nor give peace to the country 7 How
was it received when it passed 7 The bells
rang, the cannons were fired, and every dem
onstration of joy throughoutthe whole land was
made upon the settlement by the Missouri com
promise. Nor is it true, as has been unkindly
suggested, 1 think by the Senator who sits at
my left, (Mr. Hale,) that the Northern men
were obliged to remain at homo and incur the
displeasure of their constituents. There was
Henry Baldwin, of Pittsburg, Henry Starts of
New York, and others, if I had time to enu
merate them, who voted fora settlement oftbe
Missouri question, and who retained the con
fidence aud affection of their respective con
stituents. I suppose the Senator was under
stood, as I understood him, to throw out some
thing byway of menace to Northern Senators
to make them swerve from the patriotic duty
which lies before them of healing the agitation
of the country. They did not lose the confi
dence of their country. They may have in
particular instances, but I speak of those of
which I had a distinct recollection.
Yes, sir, the Missouri compromise was re
ceived with exultation and joy. Not the re
ception of the treaty of peace negotiated at
Ghent, nor any other event which has occur
red during my progress in public hfe, ever
gave such unbounded and universal satisfac
tion as the settlement of the Missouri compro
mise. We may argue from like causes like
effects. Then, indeed, there was great excite
ment. Then, indeed, all the Legislatures of
the North called out for the exclusion of Mis
. -- ■ (I 1 ■■ r SWIOBUII,
called out for her admission as a Sta’e. Then,
as now, the country was agitated like the
ocean in the midst of a turbulent storm. But
now, more than then, has this agitation been
increased. Now, more than then, are the
dangers wH*h exist, if the controversy re
mains uns ed, more aggravated and more
to be dreaded The idea of disunion thon
was secretly a low whisper. Now, it has be
come a familiar language in certain portions
of the country. The public inind and the
public heart are becoming familiarized with
that most dangerous and fatal of all events,
the disunion of the States. People begin to
contend that this is not so bad a thing as they
supposed. Like the progress in all human
affairs, as we approach danger it disappears ;
it diminishes in our conception, and we no
longer regard it with that awful apprehension
of consequences that we did before we came
into contact with it. Every where now there
is a state of things, a degree of alarm and ap
prehension, and determination to fight, as they
regard it, against the aggressions of the North.
That did not so demonstrate itself at the pe
riod of the Missouri compromise. It was
followed—in consequence of the adoption of
the measures which settled the difficulty of
Missouri—by peace, harmony, and tranquillity.
So now I infer, from the greater amount of agi
tation, the greater amount of danger, that if
you adopt the measures under consideration,
they too will be followed by the same amount
of contentment, satisfaction, peace, and tran
quillity which ensued after the Missouri com
promise.
Again, another instance of a compromise
which was attained with the happiest effects—
I mean the compromise of 1833 of the tariff.
I could name half a dozen Senators who said
then, as the Senator from New Hampshire
says now, that there would be agitation still
upon the subject of the tariff’. It was said:
" You have adopted the measure which will
ultimately prostrate the principle of protec
tion. But they will come here at the next
session, aud at every session, until they get
that compromise of the tariff of 1833 remov
ed." Far different, however, was itsreception
among the great mass of the people of the
United States, and among the manufacturers
themselves. 1 made a tour of New England
in that fall. The compromise passed in
March, I think, and that autumn I made a
tour of New England ; and never in my life
have I met with more demonstrations of cor
dial affection and confidence than I experi
enced at the hand of New England, and above
all at the hand of the manufacturers. Sir, with
regard to that compromise, I take the oppor
tunity of saying thatl consulted with the man
ufacturers in preparing that bill—not with the
political manufacturers, but with Dupont, and
other friends of the North, Mr. Simmons, of
Rhode Island, and some others not now neces
sary to be named. I said to them, “ How
will this measure operate for your interests 7 "
" Admirably," was the reply, “ for seven
years, until yon approach the fall of the measure
of duties down to twenty per cent ” I told
them what I believed, that before that period
arrived Congress would take up the subject;
and I urged the Van Buren administration to
take up the subject, and remodify the tariff—
not to go back to the former high duties, but to
interpose some degree of protection in behalf
of the interests of the country, beyond the
twenty per cent. They did not do it, They
into full operation, and the year before, 1 be
lieve, it operated very disadvantageousiy to
the manufacturers. The tariff of 1842 would
have restored that interest to the North. The
North, and not the South, chose in the contest
of 1844 to bestow their suffrages in away
which led to the passage of the tariff of 184 G.
Sir, I hope you will not understand me aa
making any complaint on a personal ground.
None ; none whatever. I felt relieved from
the responsibility of the situation which my
friends, more than myself, wanted me to be
placed in. But it was the North, it was New
York, it was Pennsylvania, unintentionally,
aided by other free States, that led to the adop
tion of the tariff of 1846, by the results of
the contest of 1844
Mr. President, I wish 1 had the physical
power to give utterance to the many, many
idea* which I still havo ; but I have it not. I
moat hasten towards a conclusion.
The responsibility of this great measure
from the hands of the committee, and
rom my hands. They know, and 1 know, that it
is au awlui and tremendous responsibility. I
hope that you will meet with a just concep
tion and a true appreciation of its magnitude,
and the magnitude of consequences whicb
may ensue from your decision one way or the
other. The alternatives, I fear, which the
measure presents, are concord and increased
discord ; a servile civil war, originating in its
causes, on the lower Rio Grande, and termi
nating, possibly, in its consequences, with the
upper Ibo Grande, in the Santa Fe country —
or thej restoration of harmony and fraternal
kiudnesa.
I believe, from tbe bottom of my soul, that tbe
measure is tbe rc-union of this Union. I believe it
is the dove of peace, which, taking its asria! Hight
from the dome of tbe Capitol, carries the glad tidings
of assured peace and restored harmony to ail the re
invest extremities of this distracted land. I believe
that it will be attended with all these beneficent ef
fects. And now let us discard all resentment, all
passions, all petty jealousies, all personal desires, all
love of place, all Loaning after the gilded crumbs
which fail from the table of power. Let us forget
popular fears, from whatever quarter (hey may
spring. Let us go to the limpid fountain of unadul
terated patriotism, and, per foi mi ng a solemn lustra
tion, return diverted of all selfiah, sinister, and sor
did imparities, and think alone of our God, our coun
try, our consciences, and our glorious Union ; (bat
Union without which we shall bo torn into hostile
fragments, and sooner or later become the victims of
military despotism, or foreign domination.
Mr. President, what is an individual man ? An
atom, almost invisible without a magnifying glass—
a mere speck upon the surface of the immense uni
verse- not a second in lime compared to immeasu
rable, never failing, never beginning, aud uever
ending eternity ; a drop of water in the great deep,
which evaporates and is borne oil by the winds; a
grain of s-ind, which is soon gathered to the dust
from which it spiuog. Shall a being eu small, so
petty, so Heeling, eo evanescent, oppose itself to the
onward marched' a great nation, to subsist for ages
and ages to come—oppose itself to that Jong line of
posterity which, issuing from our loins, will endure
during the existence of the rid ? Forbid it God ’
Let us look at our country and our cauee ; elevate
ourselves to the dignity of pure and disinterested pa
triots, wise and enlightened statesmen, and save our
country from all impending dangers. What if, in
tbe march of this nation to greatness and power, we
should be buried beneath tbe wheels that it
onward. What are we—what is any man worth
who is not ready and willing to sacrifice himself for
the benefit of his country wVn it is necessary ?
Now, Mr, President, allow me to make a short
appeal to some Senators—lo the whole of tbe Senate.
Here is my friend from Virginia, (Mr. Mason,) of
whom I have never been without hopes. I have
thought of the revolutionary blood of George Mason
which flows in hie veins—of the blood of bis own
father- i f his own accomplished father—my friend
—my cherished friend for many years. Can he
knowing, as I think he muet know, ’the wishes of the
people of his own State; can he, with the knowledge
be possesses of the public renlinient there, and of the
high obligation can upon him by bis noble ancestry,
can he hazard Virginia’s greatest and most glorious
work that work at least, whioh she, perhaps more
than any other State, contributed her moral and
political (lower to erect 7 Can he put at hazard this
noble Union, with al! its beneficent effects and eor
sequences, hi the pursuit of abstractions and meta
physical theories—objects unattainable, or impossible
tu their nature—while that honor of our own com
mon native State, which I reverence and respect with
as much devotion as be does, while the honor of that
Stale, aud the honor of the South are preserved un
impaired by this measure 7
1 appeal, sir, to the Senators fro n Rhode IsUud
aud from Delaware ; my little fricuds, which have
stood by me, and by which I have stood, in all the
vicissitudes of my (xditical life ; two glorious patriotic
little States, which, if there is to be a breaking up of
the waters of this Union, will be swallowed up in
the common deluge, and left without support. Will
they hazard that Union, which is their strength,
their power, and their greatness 7
Let such an event as I have alluded to occur, and
where will be the sovereign power of Delaware and
Rhode Island ' If this Union shall become separa
ted. new unions, new confederacies will arise. And
with respect to thia—if there ba any —I hope there
is no one in the Senate—before whose imagination is
flitting the i-.lea ot a great Southern Confederacy to
take possession of the Bali-e and the mouth of the
Mississippi, I say in my place never 1 never *! naves
Will we who occupy the broad water., of ibe Mississip
pi convent that any foreign flag shall float at the
Haiize or upon the turrets of the Crescent city—nev
er -never ' I call npoa all the South. Sir we
have had hard wards—bitter words, bitter thoughts
uapteasam laoimgu towards each ocher m the progreM
at lbw great measure. Let a* forget them. Let us
eacrifiee '.bees feelings. Lac ue go to the altar of our
country and swear, a the oath wasiakenof old, that
we will stand by her; we will support her: dial
we will uphold her eonecitution ; that we will pre
r her I a »on »cd that pass this sreat, cocipre
b~h'ln' ,’ nJ hM!!n « *-™» which will
wmu b \ ,vnn ? K t «»d brim, tw.ee and
would wror. U £
bum^ doing anthing to setup, IB y trenqsiUroe the
coumry upon there great ~ ovation-. What WIU
the judgment of maakmd, what the judrreent of that
porjon o» mankind who are loosmg upon the pro.
grereofttai reheCK ofeelf-go’eramest m being that
whicb holds the highest hopes and expectations of
ameliorating the condition of mankind—what will
their judgment be ? Will not all the monarchs of the
old world pronounce out gkrioas republic a disgrace
ful failure ? What will be the judgment of our
constituents, when we return to them and they abk
us, How have you loft your country 1 Is al! quiet—
all happy—are ail the seedsof distraction or division
crushed and dissipated ? sir, when you come
into the bosom of your famffy, when you come to
converse with the partner of your fortunes’, of your
happiness aud of your sorrows, and when in the
midst of the common cflepring of both of you, she
asks you, “Is there any danger of civil war? la
there any danger of the torch being applied to any
portion of the country ? Have you settled the ques
tions which you have been so long discussing and
deliberating upon at Washington ? Is all peace and
all quiet?” What response, Mr. President, can you
make to that wife of your choice and those children
with whom you have been blessed by God? Will
you go home and leave all in disorder and confusion,
all unsettled, all open ? The contentions and agi
tations of the past will be increased and augmented
by the agitations resulting from our neglect to de
cide them. Sir, we shall stand condemned by all
human judgment below, and of those above it is not
for me to speak. We shall stand condemned in oui
own consiences, by our own constituents, by our own
country. The measure may be defeated. I have
been aware that its passage for many days was not
absolutely certain. From the first Cj the last, I
hoped and believed it would pass, because from the
first to the last I believed it was founded on the
principles of just and righteous concession—cf mu
tual conciliation. I believe that it deals unjustly by
no part of the republic; that it saves their honor,
and, as far as it is dependent upon Congress, saves
the interests of all quarters of the country. But,
sir, I have known that Wie decision of its fate de
pended upon four or five votes in the Senate of the
United Stales, and upo i whose ultimate judgment we
ceuld not count upon the one side or the other with
absolute certainty. Its fate is now committed to the
hands of the Senate, and to those five or six votes to
which I have referred. It may be defeated. It is
possible that, for the chassisement of on reins or trans
gressions, the rod of Providence may be still applied
to us, may bo still suspended over us. But, if de
feated, it will be a triumph of ullraism and impracti*
cability— a triumph of a most extraordinary conjunc
tion of extremes ; a victory won by abolitionism ;
a victory achieved by fiee-soilirm ; the victory of
discord and agitation over peace and tranquillity ;
and I pray to Almighty God that it may not, incon
sequence of the inauspicious result, lead to the most
unhappy and disastrous consequences to our beloved
country. [Applause.]
tWwWktt
JL JLJLJL2 YY Jus Jo.jLSkJLa ol
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
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AUGUSTA. GA.:
WEDNESDAY UOHNING, AUfiUSU 7.
Mr* Clay’s Speech.
Tu gratify the public anxiety to see the
speech of Mr. Clay, wa give up much of our
apace to the exclusion of other matters. That
it will be read, notwithstanding its great
length, by all who feel an interest in the absorb
ing question which it discusses in such a mas
terly manner, the fame of this distinguished
orator is a sufficient guarantee. The speech
is worthy of its world-renowned author, and
will compare favorably with the highest and
noblest efforts of his truly great mind.
Defeat of the Compromise*
We confess our surprise and disappoint*
ment, the greater after the intelligence hereto
fore published, at the receipt of the news an
nouncing the defeat of the compromise bill
before the Senate. We forbear any comments
at present. The Congressional proceedings
in another column will show how it was de
feared.
Western Atlantic Railroad.
The Federal Union furnishes the following
very interesting statistics in reference tu the
progressive increase of the business, on this
valuable state improvement:
“The receipts for passage foi the last month, more
than double<l the receipts for the corresponding month
o! the preceding year, and the increase of receipts on
freight were nearly in the same ratio. The aggre
gate receipts on passage aud freight fur the last quar
ter, we understand, areabout 50 per cent, over tbe
corresponding quarter of Hie last year. When the
Hiwassee read terminating at Dalton, and rapidly
progressing to completion, and the Nashville Road
shall ba in operation ; and when the immense amount
or produce, that will ere long be ihated on the noble
Tennessee from above and below, shall be deposited
at Chattanooga, who can estimate tbe travel and pro
duce that must pass over the State Road? It has
been conjectured, and tbe idea has by some been
scouted, that the time will come, when the revenue of
this noble monument of Georgia’s enterprize, will be
adequate to the support of her government. Ten
years will tell a tale upon this subject, that will man
tle with a blush, the cheek of some of its quondam
revilers.
“ The following will be read with interest:
Comparative statement of the earnings of the W.
& A. Rail Road for the first six months of .1649-
i j ~ .
1849 1850 1849 I 1850
Jamwry, 7 404 84 8,39021 2 69674 3,754 17
February, 7,833 52 9,13393 2,4729814,236 14
March, 13,83839 17,52048 3,567 43, 4,773 10
April, 9,892 14 14,548 7 2,559 22; 5,245 20
May, 5,283 95 10,629 18 2,265 241 5,20016
June, 4,427 56 5,897 38 2,714 24 6,644 08
148.680 48 66,119 94 16,27566i29,85285
47J per cent; or a small fraction over iorty-seven
per cent increase.
"Tea year* will tell a tale," certainly, aye
less than ten years will tell a most important
tale of the effects of this road upon the history
of Georgia progress, if her legislation be wise.
The resources of the very fertile regions
through which it and those important works
that will be tributary to it, will pass, have but
scarcely begun to be developed. The spirit of
progress is, however, diffusing iiself amoug the
people, and at no distant day the productive
capacity and energies of all those section* will
be increased to an extent whioh the must san
guine do not even anticipate. Then will this
important State work dispense it* blessings
and benefits, to the whole people, if it* meas
ures be properly applied.
Let tho Legislature, now that the work is
completed, set apart the entire revenue as a
fund, a sacred fund, for the establishment of a
•ystem of Free Schools, in which every child
in the Stale shall be educated. It will not only
then enrich, improve, refine and elevate the
immediate section through which it passes, but
i* will illumine the State by the ray of light
it will shed upon the minds of her children
Public Scstimist iw Georgia. —Meetings
bare been he d in county after county, in wnich the
action of the Nashville Convention is tolly confirmed
and approved. A number of other calls hare been
made tor county meetings with tUc fame object. We
recollect at this time but three that hare been held
on the other aide, at Macon and in Morgan, and one
other. So far as public meetings and their proceed
ings show the sentiment of the State, Geor
gia will approve the course of the Nashville Con
vention by an overwhelming msiority. If the
-relative strength of the Missouri line and Mr. Clay’s
plan should be tested by the numbers that have de
cla red in favor of the one or the other, we may safely
conclude that there are ten in favor of the former to
one friend of the latter.— Marietta Advocate.
A simple and plain statement of facts will
effectually “ take lite wiud out of the sails” of
this paragraph.
in every instance that has yet come to our
knowledge, except two, Hancock and Chat
ham, where the people met, the Nashville plat
form has been repudiated, and the Clay com
promiae approved. In every instance where
resolutions have been adopted, approving the
Nashville platform, except the two named, the
meeting was called exclusively of the friends us
the measure, and no others participated in the
proceedings.
The indications, therefore, as to the inclina
tiaiion of public sentiment in Georgia, are de*
cidedly in favor, thus far, of the Clay com pro
mine, and we |iave no doubt that it is the senti
ment of an overwhelming majority.
Cruelty to Aalaaals.
We should consider ourselves moat fortu
nate if we could impress the truths of the
annexed article, from the North American Far
mer, upon the mind of every man who has the
management of animals. No evidence of a
man's debasement can be stronger to our mind
than to see him inflict unnecessary punishment
upon an unresisting animal :
“ The merciful man is merciful to his beast.*’
It has been truly observed that he that can look
with rajxure upon the agonies of an unoffending and
unresisting animal, will soon barn to view the
sufferings of a feilow-creature with indifference.
Cruelty to dumb beasts, we have ever held as a most
unnatural crime—indeed it is a certain test of a man’s
debased mind and character, which will sooner or
later develop* thenuefves in bis conduct towards his
fellow men. We have seen numerous instances of cru
elty to animals in town and country —especially dur
ing the hot weather, when the beast of burden, over
come by the excessive heat, becomes unable to per
form with us usual swiliaeaa and strength, the un
merciful beast of a driver would urge, whip and
abuse the poor overworked horse, until entirely ex
hausted, the patient and resistless animal is literally
worked to death. Surely no man of good sense, pcs
seneing the least spark of feeling or kindness in hie
composition, can so far forget his superiority as a
man as to descend beneath the level of a brute, in ago
nizing and torturing a poor, hard-working animal.
Owners of horses, it is hoped will show some mercy
during the present great heat, and will bear in mind
that cruelty to animals is a sin—as great as cruelty
to human beings. Be merciful !
Departure of the Atlantic. —This ?plen«
did vessel left her wharf at noon Saturday, for
Liverpool. She takes out one hundred end
thirty one paoeengere, including twenty-three
children and Keen Kmnti Amongthe num
ber G. W. Kendall, Esq., editor of the New
Orleans Picayune ; and A C. Bullitt, Eeq., re
cently editor of the Washington Republic
It is stated in the latest intelligence received
from the Sandwich Islands that one hundred
tone of water pipes, cement and other appli
ances for eondnenng pure water from the val
ley into the city of Honelulu, bad beau re
eei.ed by a rocem arrival from Boston.
Mercer University.
The Annual Commencement of this Institu
tion came off on tbe 31st ult., and it was our
good fortune to be present on that interesting
occasion. The Junior exhibition took place on
Tuesday, and the young gentlemen acquitted
themaelvca finely. Their speeches were well
oommitted, and most of them eloquently de
livered. The Class numbered 12. The exer
cises of the day were closed by a very excellent
address, before the Alumni es the Institution,
by Wm. C. Wilkes, on the Revolution of Eu
rope.
On Wednesday, commencement day, the
crowd was great, larger than on any former
occasion. The speeches of the day weie all
good, and most of them well delivered—re
flecting credit not only on the authors, but their
Aluia Maters.
At the close of the Orations, President Dago
conferred the Degrees, aud delivered hi* bac
calaureate address: but his voice was so feeble
that we were unable tooatclionly an occasion
al word. The effect produced, however, on
those immediately around him convinced us
that it was a feeling one—it was very short, not
occupying more than 10 minutes in its delityry.
Tbe annyal address before the two Societies,
was delivered by Robkbt L. Tripp, Esq., of
Forsyth. It was a plain, practical address—
full of good advice, and delivered in an easy
and unaffected style, without the least effort at
display. Thus closed the exercises of Mercer
University, which seemed to afford the highes
satisfaction to the large and enlightened audi
ence. In sac(, all seemed well pleased—de
lighted. Tira only thing that presented itself
to mar our pleasure, was the fact, that the In
stitution should bo so poorly patronized. Why
is it 7 We ask, why is it, that, with an institu
ion poasessiriX on endowment of over one
dollars, and not
olA have so lew, young
within not be for the lack of
talent in tno-Faculty', for on that question there
can be no doubt. It cannot be that it is not a
healthy location ; for there is, aa far as we could
learn, but one opinion on that subject—and
that was, that it was remarkably healthy. It
cannot be for the want of good society, for
there can be no objection on this score wheth
er we regard it for morality or religion It
cannot ba because Penfield is surrounded, or
filled w*h those temptations that are calculated
to lead the young astray, either in intemper
ance or immorality—for we learn that there is
nothing of the kind there. In fact it is the very
head-quarters of temperance. Why then, we
repeat, why is it. that it dues not meet with
inure encouragement! The Baptist denomi
nation is among the largest in Georgia; they
possess wealth aud intelligence, and should feel
more sensibly the necessity of sustaining their
own institutions than this gives evidence of.
We have no more sectional feeling on this sub
ject than is proper; but we do think that they
should give those institutions, that are among
us and of us, the preference over others that
are more distant. We therefore commend to
those who heard it, Master Steed's speech on
the subject. “We should patronize our own
Institutions of Learning." It is a reflection,*
most humiliation reflection, on the Baptist de
nomination, that they suffer this Institution to
languish in the manner it does. We hope,
therefore, that they will attend to this matter,
and give it proper encouragement. Georgia
is now taking the lead among the Southern
Slates in the great improvements of the age,
and we hope our Baptist friends will not with
hold a helping hand in the most important o
all improvements, that of encouraging and
sustaining her educational institutions.
We subjoin a programme of the exercises on
Wednesday, commencement day.
Prayer and Music.
C. B. Barrow, Phi Dell* Society.—Morgan Co.
2d Honor.—Latin Salutatory.—Ths Atmosphere.
Wm. L. M. Harris, Ciceronian Society.—Greene
Co. 3d. Honor.—The Great Statesman.
H. H. Bunn, C» S.—Twiggs Co. —Effects of Ava
rice.
Thos. A. Janes, P. D. S. —Augusta.—A Frown
and * Smile.
Wm. 11. Clarke, C. S. Purity of Inten-
tion.
W. L. Kilpatrick, P. D. S.- Richmond Co. 1-1.
Honor.
11 'Ti* not all of Life lo live,
Nor all of Deiilh to Die."
Valedictory.
Degrees Conferred.
Address by the President.
At 31 o’clock, the Annual Oration before the two
Litarary Societies, by Robert L. Trippe, Forsyth.
P. I). S.
UasoRTUHATE Casualtt.—The alarm of fire
last night, though false, was the immediate
cause of a moaUerioua if not fatal casualty,
non hoflle, drawn at a most rapid rate, Mr.
John Bridoks, one es the most active nietn
hereof the Company and a valuable citizen,
was caught between a post and the engine, at
the corner of Broad and Mclntosh Streets, and
so severely jammed aa to place his life in immi
nent danger.
At the time of writing, 11 o’clock, P. M.,
hia system has slightly reacted, consciousness is
restored, and he is in great agonv.
The physicians are of opiniou that no bones
are broken. Tho injury seems to be confined
to the chest and abdomen.
Lighting tho City*
The accident of Monday night, by which a
valuable citizen, in the discharge of his duty as
a Fireman, was so seriously injured, presents,
m stronger terms, the necessity of reform
lighting the city, than any former event—or
any argument that can be urged, and we trust
it will not pass unheeded by the citizens. For
years a niggardly parsimony has prevailed, in
this department of our municipal regulations,
endangering the lives and limbs of passengers,
and especially of Firemen, when called out
at night. It is proper therefore, that public
opinion should be directed to the subject, and
its importance and absolute necessity, pressed
upon the consideration of tho council, to tbe
end that the city bo properly lighted, in all its
parts Thus securing the Firemen and all
others against the recurrence of such distress
ing casualties.
The Firemen should take the matter in their
own hands, they have tho power and will be
sustained in enforcing tbe adoption of the
most wholesome regulations, they owe it to
themselves and to their own personal safety,
not less than to their families, to adopt prompt
and decisive measures on the question. Let
them meet and resolve, that after a certain
period (giving ample time for the Council to
make the necessary change) they will not turn
out to arrest the progress of fire after night,
unless the streets are properly lighted—s o
lighted as to protect them against the probable
occurrence of such casualties. This course
will secure it, and we shall not be met with
the clamors oi a few nar/ow, contracted, par
simonious creatures and brawling demagogues
croaking abont the increase of taxes, and tbe
danger of bankrupting the City. They will
see the necessity of protecting the property
of the city, and feel, that to accomplish so great
a disiderative they must incur the necessary
expense. Let the citizens reflect upon these
things, and in the mean time, let tho Firemen
act, aud the streets will be well lighted.
The ,-. s decline*, in conse-
quence of his private engagements, to accept
the office of Secretary of War tendered him
by President FiLtatOßK
The Hos. W. A. Graham, Secretary of
the Navy, has entered upon the discharge of
the duties of bi* office.
The Asoutwsuts in Washington City
have succeeded in enticing away a Negro boy
and girl, belonging to the Ho*. R. Toombs.
and a boy belonging to the Hom. A. 11. Ste
rHins.
The Female Medical College of Pennsylva
nia has been duly organized by the appoint
ment of able Professors in the various depart
ments. The lectures will commence in Phila
delphra in October next
Discktiok.—The Albany Argus pays that
about thirty United States soldiers, belong
ingto a detachment of two hundred and fifty
which passed through Albany a few days since
on their way to Santa Fe, deserted from the
main body before they reached Detroit.
The floe. Gio. VV. Crawford and family
passed through this city route from Wash
ington to his residence near this city.
Gen. Robert B Campbell, United States
Consul at Havana, on a visit to the United
States upon leave from his Government has
arrived in Washington eity.
A DKSTRcoBiVK Fist occurred - in Chicago,
111. on the 31sPu|t,, destroying more properly
than had been consumed in that city for some
time.
Dxatb or Gas. Masos.—Brevet General R.
B. Mason, died suddenly in St- Louis, of chol
era. on the 26th nit. He was a brave, generous,
intelligent officer, and an honorable gentleman
It will be remembered that Gen. Mason suc
ceeded Gen. Kearney as Governor of Califor
nia, the dates of which poet he discharged io
the most satisfactory manner.
Spool Cotton is now manufactured in this
country of a quality fully equal to any impor
ted.
Important to Cotton Planters,
Hillary Foster, Esq , a cotton planter for
a number of years, and Commission Merchant
of Mobile, has been recently travelling through
the counties of Lowndes, Monroe and Chick
asaw, in Mississippi. In a letter dated Aber
deen, July 30, 1850, after speaking in flattering
terms of the cotton and corn crops of those
counties which are two weeks behind, he re-,
marks:
11 On the 27 th inst., (July,) I rode user the crop of
my old friend, Charles Gates, Esq., and lean truly
say, that I have never seen 800 acres ia one crop pro
mising at that date a heavier yield. He bus had but
one cause 6f alarm, which has almost vanished in
the last ten days. A fortnight ago, he discovered in
his fields great numbers of (be flics which are said
to produce the boll worm. After same reflection he
conceived the idea of ca ching them with molasses.
“Accordingly, he procured a gross of plates, and
filled them with molasses, he appropriated one plate
to every 5 acres, throughout his fields. The result
has been, the death of from 300 to 400 of these flies
every day, until the whole tribe in and about his j
plantation have disappeared. Others ore following j
his example, with confidence, that like results will i
attend their efforts. The plates are eet on small
posts, elevated some 12 or 15 inches above (he tops
of the cotton plant.' 1
The letter frum which the above extract is
made, was addressed tea gentleman of Green
County Alabama, who handed it for publica
tion to the Greensboro Whig, whence we ob
tained it. It had however been previously
shownto a number of the planlersof the county
who wore testing the experiment, the success
of which is thus noticed by the Whig :
“Several of our planters are now trying a new
remedy for the fly in cotton, and apparently with
great success. The method consists in placing
throughout the field, al regular intervals, numbers
of plates filled with molasses, which act as traps for
the flies. The plates should be set upon stakes,
about as high as the top of the plant, and 114 molasses
should be mixed with vinegar, to produee fomenta
tion, and thereby diffuse thy odor. The dishes should
be set in the evening, and some of the planters in
Gre-n, have caught several thousand flies in a sin
gle night.”
It is sincerely to be hoped that this means of ■
destroying this .very destructive insect may
prove succe.'sfuf—if so it will prove the uioft
valuable dtscavery to the cotton planters, as it
will apply as well to the catterpillare as the
boll worm. At any rate it costs very little to
make tke experiment and die planters should
thoroughly test its efficacy. A plate to the
acre of laud would be a trifling expense com
pared with the benefits resulting from it if it
prove successful.
United States Mail Steameri*
We publish below a corrected list of die
time of the departure of the U. 8. Mail stea
mers from New York and Liverpool, and also
of the various other steamers traversing the
Atlantic. In officially stating the time of de
parlure of the U. 3. Mail steamers, the new
Postmaster General, the Hon. N. K. Hall, re
publishes the following explanatory notes :
All mails on band at the "New York office for Great
Britain, the Continent of Europe, and foreign coun
tries beyond, are to be made up and despatched by
tho above-named packets agreeably to the provisions
of the postal treaty between Great Britain and the
United States.
Postmasters are reminded that letters Mid papers
for Great Britain, and for countries beyond it, can
be sent by these packets in the same manner as by
tbe Cunard steamers, with this difference —thut paid
letters to places and countries named in the 3d arti
cle of “Table and Instructions” appended to the “set
tlement of details under the postal treaty with Great
Britain,” are subject to a postage of 21 cents the
single rate, instead of 5 cents. The postage to be
collected of the person addressed in the foreign coun
try will be 16 cents leas, in consequence of lhe pre
payment of that amount here. The postage on news
papers beyond Great Britain will be 4 cents; to
Great Britain, 2 cents, to be pre-paid in all cases.
For America.
Collins' Line Sails front Liverpool.
Pacific, Wednesday, July 31
Atlantic Wednesday, Agust 21
Pacific, Wednesday, September 11
Atlantic, • • Wednesday. September 2ft
Pacific,Wednesday, October 16
Atlantic, Wednesday, October 30
Fob Europe.
Collins' Line —Sails from. New York.
Pacific,Saturday, August 24
Atlantic,Saturday, September 7
Pacific,Saturday, September 28
Atlantic Saturday, October 30
Cunard Line.
From Liverpool. From United Stales,
For Boston, ••• •27 July From New York, 31 Jul)’
“ New York, 3 Aug. “ Boston.- •. 7 Aug,
“ Boston,-••• 10 “ “ New York, 14 “
“ New York, 17 “ “ Boston, •• -21 “
“ Boston.•• --24 " “ New York,29 “
“ New York, 31 ” “ Boston,-- • 4 Sept.
“ Boston, -• • • 7 Sept. “ New York, 11 “
“ New York, 14 ” “ Boston, -- -18 “
“ Boston,---- 21 “ “ New York, 25“
“ New York, 28 “ “ Boston, ♦ •• 2 Oct.
“ Boston,- --• 5 Oct. “ New York, 9 “
“ New York, 12 “ “ Boston, -- -16 “
“ Boston,-••• 19 “ u New York, 23 “
“ New Xork, 26 “ “ Boston, -30 “
“ Boston,-2 Nov. “ New York, 6 Nov,
New York, 9 “ “ Boston, *• •13 “
“ Boston,-••• 16 u “ New York, 20 “
“ New York, 23 “ “ Boston, •• -27 “
“ Boston, - ...30 “ “ New York, 4 Dec.
u New \ ork, 14 Dec. “ Boston, •. -II “
For Brembv.
Oceah Steam Navigation I mpany.
Hermann, Capt. Crabtree, from N. York, Aug. 20
Washington, Gapt. Lloyd, fi-orn N. York, Sept. 20
Hermann, Capt. Crabtree, from N. York, Oct. 21
Washington, Capt. Lloyd, from N. York, Nov. 20
Hermann, Capt. Crabtree, from N. York, Pec. 20
Faou Bremen.
Ocean Steam Navigation Company.
Hermann, Capt. Crabtree, for N. York, July 15
Washington, Capt. Lloyd, for New York, Aug. 15
Hermann, Capt. Crabtree, for New York, Sept. 15
Washington, Capt. Lloyd, tor New York, Oct. 15
Hermann, Capt. Crabtree, for New York, Nov. 15
Washington, Capt. Lloyd, for New York, Dec. 15
Fob Chaober.
Crescent City, Stoddard, from N. York, Aug. 1
Empire City, J. D. Wilson, from N. York, Aug. 13
Cherokee, Capt. Windle, from N. York, Au« 13
For Glalgow.
From New York far Glasgow.
City of Glasgow, B. R. Mathews—About the mid
(Me of every alternate month, vis In May, July,
September, November and January.
Prom Glasgow.
From Glasgow for New York.
City of Glasgow, B. R. Mathews.—About the mid
dle ofeveiy alternate month, viz In April, June,
Augubt, October, December and February.
If those who like to be informed of the de
parture of the steamerswill, ent out the above
table and preserve it, it will be found valuable
for reference, and save the asking of many
questions.
Things in Washington.
A Telegraphic despatch from Washington
to the New York Commercial Advertiser, dated
Saturday, August 3, noon, contains the follow
ing intelligence, which we give for what it is
worth, premising from the remarks of Mr.
Foote in the Senate on Friday, as noted in the
proceedings of that body in another column,
that the statement as to the ctucos of Southern
Membersis probably true :
“I am informed that the nominations for the two
vacancies in the Cabinet, the Secretaries of the In
terior and of War, have been agreed upon, and will
be sent in to the Senate on Monday, but I cannot
learn ihe names of the gent'emen.
There was a caucus last night, which is sitting
also to-day, of the Southern members’, the object of
which is to concoct a territorial bill, and get it
l h rough Congress in advance of the admission of
California—if they can.”
Ths “Kate Fleming
This is the name of a new and elegant
steamboat just built by Williams A Co., of
Knoxville, for the Tennessee river trade. She
left Pittsburg on the 16th nit. “We republish
the following notice, says the Knoxville Regis
ur, of this beautiful steamer from the Pittsburg
Commercial of that date, and remark that the
boat takes its name from the excellent lady of
Thomas W. Fleming, Esq., an enterprising
commission n erchant of Augusta, Ga. Pas
sengers who came up on the Union last Sun
day report the river as very low at the Muscle
Shoals, so that we can not reasonably expect
the ‘"Pretty Kate” at our wharf until the fall
rains cause a rise in the river.
Captain James Williams 1 new Steamer Kate
Fleming.—W e paid a visit to this fine boat, and was
really astonished at the handsome manner in which
she was gotten up. Her dimensions are as follows:
Length 13ft feet, beam 22 feet, bold 3j feet. The
hull was built by Mr. Hajnmtt, of Elizabeth The
engines were furnished by Messrs. Robinson & Min
nis ; two cylinders lOj inches in diameter, feet
stroke ; 2 boilers, 46 inches in diameter, 2? feet long.
She is intended for the Tennessee river,‘toconnect
wjth the southern line of Railroad connecting Charles
ton with the Tennessee river. The cabin was built
by Messrs. Roes. Mason & Bunting. The design is
new Bnd the workmanship of the beu q-nlity. The
painting and oranm nting were executed by Messrs.
Rhodes A Nelson. The furniture was hirni-hed by
Mr. John McGrew, of Alleghany City.
This company are building two other boats at thia
city, which, when completed, will form a daily line
from Knoxville to Decatur, Alabama. For a small
boat, she is one of the best we have ever seen, and is
well worthy of a visit. We sdvise all those who can
spare the time to pay the “ Pretty a visit.
She leaves tc-day for Louisville.
John J. Crittenden has resigned the office of
Governor of Kentucky, and accepted the of
fice of Attorney General, in Mr. Fillmore’s
cabinet. John L. Helm, Lieut. Governor
of Kentucky, was inaugurated as Governor
on the 31st nit.
Our readers are aware that an unfortunate
difficulty bar lately occurred in Jefferson coun
ty between Col John J. Long and Ezekiel
Finney, resulting in the death of the latter.
We observe that a hand bill is in circulation,
offering a reward for the apprehension of Col.
L. We are requested by one of the friends
of this gentleman to Mate, that he has net ab
sented himself from his residence for the pur
pose of avoiding the ends of justice, bat to
allow his wound; time to heal, and to consult
his lawyers. This being done, he will sur
render himself up end invoke the action of the
law.~S«< 4 Ref.
Arrival of Gem. Garisalpi.-—This distin
guished Italian patriot arrived at Now York on
the 3Dih ult. in the packet ship Waterloo, from
Liverpool.
*'*•*???'
JOTTINGS BY THE WAY—NO. 1.
Washington, July 27, 1850.
To the Editor of the Chronicle 8f Sentinel
Hir —As I wish somo employment to enable
me to while away pleasantly the spare hours
which a mere visitor in this city finds on his
hands, I have thought that it might not be
unacceptable to yourself and your readers to
give you some sketches of travel and first im
pressions of Washington City. If I mention
some things, in themselves unimportant, it is
because they are least known, and yet the very
class of events which make up the major part
of what we see and hear.
To begin then at the beginning. Every
body knows, that to reach Charleston from
Augusta, we take the cars in Hamburg, and
travel through an uninteresting country, very
much exposed to smoke, cinders and dust;
but nobody k- 1 ws, who has not travelled the
route, the Bedlam confounded, which lhe hack,
and cab and omnibus drivers, and the porters,
who wait and pounce upon a traveller’s bag
gage, make at the gate of the Depot in Charles
ton. Wo to the lame man, who has severa
pieces of baggage, poor eyes, and delicate au
ditory nerves. But I had forecast—every
thing but an umbrella is in one trunk —a light
one too, I gather it, hand it to a porter, whom
I know by the ticket on his hat, bid him place
it on his omnibus, see it done, though he wishes
to put it down to secure other baggage, (now
that he has secured mine,) then get inside and
are shortly at dinner s* the Charleston Hotel.
A hasty dinner, and a short walk, if you know
the way, (if not stick to yonr omnibus) your
baggage being seen on the baggage waggon,
bound for the boat, brings you to the Wilming
ton boat—the Governor Dudley, if she or he
(which is it?) happens there, as she (he?) was
when I reached the wharf. A visit to the ticket
office, a lightening of your purse, a piece of
in stamped with a number (361 was mine) the
counterpart of which is attached to your trunk,
given you as a pledge for its safe-keeging;
this check to be delivered up at Washington
City, or sooner if yon wish to lake charge of
your baggage ; a shaking of hands with friends,
I if you have any to leave behind, and then a
patient waiting for the boat to start ends the
chapter of active life for lhe present.
Being at leisure now, lot us light a cigar, (if
we smoke) and as it is cloudy take our station
on the upper deck and look about. Who are
our fellow passengers ? Strangers, all stran
gers! No, there is one gentleman with whom
lam slightly acquainted, “I am glad to see
you, sir ; I was afraid 1 should travel without an
acquaintance. But why so pale ?”—"sick, sea
sick last night —from Savannah here, ugh! I
dread to think of to night! shan t go below at
all.” Not much company here then, for a
while at least. But let us take another look.
Hera they are from all the States, as 1 after
wards learned, South and West of Georgia,
some going for health, some for travel, some
for trade, some for pleasure, some to see
friends and family, and all looking forward to
enjoyment. lam afraid from what 1 see and
smell, the breath is a tell-tale to delicate olfac
tories—that there are saw Sons of Temperance
in the crowd, or at least the foe gets in with
out any “ pass word and explanation,” though
something like the “ entering signal” is given,
if you are not a Son, you must join a Division,
and then you will understand this allusion ; and
if Uncle Toby's army in Flanders could swear
harder than|some of them it was a profane
crowd, that is all I have to say.
Bnt who is this turns up here ? A foreigner,
not tall but thick-set and heavy, a Spanish eye
and face, grayish black hair, moustache and
th reel latch, used figuratively, and for the
rhyme, as I am not skilled in barbarous phrases, a
good humored, expressive, but nothing striking
visage, a pretty large head, but wanting in pro
portionate developement of lhe animal organs,
generally believed to give energy and force of
character, any tiling but a hero in appearance
is before us, and yet he is yclept of men Gen.
Lopez, or the hero of Cardenas —lhe liberator
of Cuba. It does one good to see a great man
sometimes. It gives one greater confidence in
himself, and he asks his glass—(or Governor
Dudley's glass, as in this case) “ have not I
the mete and just proportion of greatness in
my frame 1 Is it small ' All great men are
not large. Is it, no matter what, or how or
dinary? In this I am like other (perhaps I
had no business to use that word, but in solilo
quy it mag be allowed) great men and such
reflections are very soothing aud consolatory."
1 have only to recoid further that I held one wr
two conversations with the famous General, as
much with my hands as with my tongue, by
saying “ Seat, sir,” (pointing) while ho was
looking for a location on the cars, and saying
“no la place,” and by uttering the word
“snuff," (making the motions for titillating
the olfactories) as he sat before me, and I, in a
sleepy fit, was likely to bring my bead as a bat
tering ram against his abdominal fortifications.
His snuff was strong, and a single sniffle (is
this the word ?) made me sneeze about a dozen
times greatly to his amusement.
But stop, 1 have gone ahead of the boat, aud
must come back. Ka-ding-ding—ka-ditigding
says a big belt—“get out of the way of lhe
lilies”—“slack off forward:”—ling-a-ting—ting
a-ting says a little bell down some where, and
then the big wheels revolvqet firslslowty. nftor-
NVinds more rapidly; we head out towards
Charleston bar and are off. I have no room to
draw a picture of Charleston Bay, or 1 would.
“ Come down, gentlemen, to the Captain’s
Cabin and show your tickets,” carries me
down, and you must leave me there.
Peter Pakaurath.
JOTTINGS BY TIliCwA Y NO. 8.
Washington, July 27th, 1850.
Mr. Editor :—We parted at the Charleston
bar—not that of the hotel—l passing out in lhe
Gov. Dudley and you How did you get
away ? No matter, let it bo understood that
we parted there. It was a pleasant, cloudy
evening—raining a little in lhe night—though
the sea was a little rough, not so much, per
haps, from the freshness of the breeze as from
the blow of the previous day. My sea-nek
friend escaped to-night by keeping on deck ;
not so. however, many of the rest, the ladies
especially, but as I had none under my charge,
I cannot speak of the scenes in the ladies’ cabin.
Day-light found us near Wilmington bar, and
after we camo into smooth water, the number
of passengers seemed mysteriously increased—
a fact not at all calculated to please a hungry
man, who could see at a glance, that there
were not corers laid for all, though he had al
ready bought a breakfast ticket. Some of us
found that our “ breakfast ” would be put
literally in our pocket, and not in any other
place, but I suppose all were satisfied, though
1 do not know how the second table fared. w
The Wilmington wharf is reached, lines are
fast, the porters hurry to and fro, the baggage
is transferred to the cars, and we ascend the
summit of the bluff to enter the cars. There
they stand, an iren-horse is wasting his power,
or—“in short,” as Air. Macawba would say,
“is letting off steam.’’ But 10, what has turn
ed up. Here are two care full of passengers
and they are not of us. One hundred and
twenty, somebody says, arrived here yesterday
on the “ Wilmington” late in lhe day, and they
were compelled to lie over. What is to be
done with this other hundred ? Can we be
seated ' No Where shall we stand ! No
room Oh ! that unlucky boat—or that terri
fic storm, which was it ? I do not know.
The land lubbers say it was a dreadful blow.
The old salts speak of it as a mere whiff; hut
almost too much for (he old slave of a boat.
1 was not in her, and do not wish to be.
I think the President of the Road must be a
very clever gentleman. He put on another
locomotive and train, and in half an hour, there
was a scream, snort, yell, and whistle, all con
densed into one, rushing from an iron throat,
which said plainly enough, “clear the track,
I’m off,” and then a who, a-whn, a-whu*» (can
you spell it better ? I can’t) a slow movement,
and fast er—fast er—faster— fast-fast—faster
we go, and are away.
What do we see all day ? Pine trees and
turpentine crops. Why do not the Georgians
diversify their crops a little, and instead of
raising corn and cotton altogether, bring down
some of their produce from the trees, that grow
without plowing aad planting? It seems an
easy process to tap the tree, and if our piney
woods friends, who “ indulge,” would leave
the spirit of rye and corn alone, and stick to
the spiritof turpentine, they might find them
selves rising in the world.
“ Gentlemen, if any of you choose, you can
lunch here ” So says the conductor, but ’tis
only half-past eleven, and we reach the dinner
house in two hours. But prudence suggests
that “the hundred and thirty ” will be there
before us, and the platters may be empty and
the fragments gathered up. So we—that is I,
lunch —I forget lam not an Editor —and I find
the bread, ham, pie and buttermilk come in time,
for in the strength of that lunch I go to Wel
don. Sure enough, the dinner house cannot
feed all the eaters, and many a half-dollar has
not brought the “ quid pro quo." But having
the mails of three days South of Charleston, we
pass ahead here, and in due lime reach Wei
den, where we change cars. Did you ever see
passengers, anxious to get on, who knew that
there were about two persons to a seat, trying
to secure a place? “I shall sit here,” says
one, and down goes a carpet-bag, cloak, um
brella, coat, hat-box, book or something as bis
representative, as though he would say to any
covetous passip by, j* Lift that and you pick me
up; set on it, and I consider myself set upon,
and will overset you.’’ But in mv case, my
umbrella availed little. What could'l do, when
it was a lady who sat on me, that is on my
umbrella, and set up hers, to reprecent her
husband while he Was looking after the bag
gage > I can only say that if she has as firm a
grip and as hard a pressure upon him a* she
had on that umbrella, while I was in search of
my own unavailing proxy, I am almost inclined
to cal! her a vice-ions woman. I will not. |
however, perpe rate so poor a pun, but merely |
express my profound sorrow for the gentle
man. My slighted personality is recovered—
that is, she, rising for a moment, it is un
covered and I take it up, and we walk out
together to find a more fortunate location.—
But every track of this territory is sabject
to pre enptiou rights, and I am ousted of ell
possession. But there are so many like me,
that I am easy, and the end of all ie, that ano
ther locomotive and cars borrowed from the
Wilmington Road are assigned us to Peters
burg. In the meanwhile, some of us get sup
per, and some do not for the other train is up
on us now, and who expected more than two
hundred passengers here to night, or who ex- i
peets them at the eating bouse in Richmond i
As w« are now in the cars at 10 o’clock, the <
second night from Augusta, on the way to Pe <
tersburg, and I am going to stretch myself on
three feet, of seat for a night’s rest, I will make
one proposition and then bid you good night.
I propose that a Convention of Rail Road
Conductors be called somewhere, say Augusta, I
if you choose, to settle the following questions: ,
1. Does a traveller by Railroad obtain any
right to a seat by leaving a portion of his per
sonal property upon it ?
2. If my delegate, an umbrella, is ejected
from possession, shall I not eject aaother man’s
hat box or carpet bag.
3. If a gentleman gives a lady my seat, (that
is my umbrella's,) is he, or is be not, bound to
provide one for me, though be stand up him
self, unless I defer to him ?
4. How far would this last case be modified
by the relation of p«rlies, and is it not ths pri
vilege of the ejected always to sit by the lady
when she is young, handsome and intelligent ?
I incline to the affirmative.
5 Is it not polite in a gentleman or a lady te
thank you for surrending your seat, even
though you are a stranger ?
6. Have through passengers any rights not
accredited to way passengers. Must or must
not the former give way to the latter, when
they come to a change of places; or if the for
mer have occupied seats temporarily left va
cant by the latter ?
7. What deduction should be made from the
price paid for a seat, when a passenger is com
pelled to stand up I and finally, if oae has
stood up five hours and thus travelled one
hundred miles, would it be morally a falsehood
to say that he has gone one hundred miles on
foot in five hours ?
Let these questions be settled, and the Union
may yet be saved.
But I yawn—l dose—there goes my bead.
This way up, that way down. My hat’s off.
I stretch myself out. three feet and two inches.
I sleep—l dream “ Good night.”
Peter Paragraph.
Washington County Meeting.
The lollowing resolutions offered by R. W.
Flournoy, Esq , were adopted by a large meet
ing of the citizens of Washington county, a
notice of which we published a lew days since.
The resolutions were offered as a substitute to
S-setigs of resolutions approving the Nashville
Convention'ptathWffl T .ji.reyjouely submitted to
the meeting by Col. Hook. “j
The editor of the SandersviHe Georgian, him
self opposed to the substitute, says :
“ The 1 Missouri Line * fell short, as Mr. Weller
would say, by ‘a werry considerable;’ and when a
division was made, the chairman, Dr. Williamson,
put the question, * all in favor of the substitute offer
ed by Mr. Flournoy, will go to the right, and those
opposed will go lathe left of the house.’ Ju&t at this
juncture some one called out from the right for all
those in favor of the Union to go on to that aide, and
just such a rush as was made to the right, and the
consequent emptiness of the left, would have aston
ished the natives. The minority were somewhat dis.
pleased and wanted the vote put again, which was
done and resulted in the same way. Thp ‘ Union’
call, we believe, was not made the last time.”
Resolved, That we can by no means accept the
alternative placed before us of the Missouri Compro
mise or disunion by the Nashville Convention; we
cannot consent to abandon the doctrine of non-inter
vention, noraid in lhe extending of the Wilmot Pro
viso to any portion of our territories.
Resolved, That in the apprehended difficulties be
tween Texas and New Mexico, should the General
Government attempt to use military force against
Texas, then we w.ll entertain no further propositions
either of adjustment or compromise, but we will aid
Texas, in doing which, we will protect the rights of
thoSouth and the sovereignty of the States.
Resolved, That should Georgia, through a Con
vention of her own peop e, determine to resist any
action of the General (• jvernment, we shall stand by
her, and to that effect ve pledge to our follow-citizens
our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honors.
The Georgian says;
A lengthened debate sprung up between Messrs.
Hook and Flournoy, who were followed by Judge I.
H. Saffold, who favored neither set of resolutions,
but offered others which, however, were withdrawn
before they reached lhe Secretaries’ table.
The meeting was then addressed by Messrs.
Lingmade, McConnell and S. A. H. Jones, in favor
of the substitute, and by Messrs. S. B. Crafton Field
G. W. Jordan, John Kitrol and Dr. Haynes against
the substitute and in favor of the resolutions offered
by Col. Hook.
Meeting in Savannah.
The Savannah Republican of Tuesday says:
The public meeting last night was organised
by calling Col. W. T. Williams to lhe Chair,
and by appointing T. 11. Harding, Esq., Sec
retary.
A committee of three (Hon. W. B Fleming,
Chairman,) was then appointed, which report
ed resolutions favorable to the Compromise
now before Congress. Whereupon, Dr. J.
P. Screven, offered as a substitute other reso
■ lutions upholding lhe sentiments of the Nash
ville Convention. After considerable discus
sion. the house divided, and the resolutions
proposed by Dr. Screven were carried by a
largo majority.
, We refrain from adding more at present as
I the procee ings will appear in full tu morrow.
; The Georgian contains a more extended no
-1 lice, in rather a strain of exultation ! How is
this ? The Georgian, a short time since, was
( au advocate of the Senate Compromise. Is
, that journal about to give us such another evi
dence of its capacity “ to wheel about and turn
i about ’’ as it did two years ago on the question
; of Mexican law in the Territories?
Public Meetings.
In Talbot county OU the 27th nil « large
and enthusiastic meeting of the people was or
ganized. by calling Jas. W. Castins and Wm.
Searcy to the chair, and appointing Jno. L.
Searcy and Geo. N. Forbes, Secretaries.
The meeting was addressed by O. Gibson,
Esq. a delegate to the Nashville Convention,
who urged the adoption of the Nashville plat
form, in a speech of two hours length. He
was replied to by E. H. Worrell, Esq., who
advocated the Senate Compromise. L. B.
Smith introduced a series of resolutions ap
proving the action of the Nashville Convention,
to which Dr. H. P. Smead offered as a substi
tute, the reso'utions adopted by the Compro
mise meeting in Columbus (published in the
Chronicle Sf Sentinel a few days since) which
were adopted by the meeting. Talbot has
therefore taken her stand against ultraism.
In Monroe county a large meeting of the
people convened and was organized, by the
appointment of S. W Burney, President, W.
S. Norman Vice President, and A. Bean, Se
cretary. A series of resolutions were report
ed by a committee, expressive of their devo
lion to lhe Union, approving the Clay Com
promise, and their willingness to acquiesce in
the Missouri Compromise. The meeting was
addressed by Maj. Juki CnawrOßD, W. Poe
and S. Hall, Esqrs. in support of lhe resolu
tions, and by N.W.Battle and W. B Wrioht
Esqrs. in opposition.
Mr. Wright offered a resolution assenting
to the settlement of the qtieslieu on the basis
of the Missouri Compromise or its equivalent
and nothing less, which was rejected. The
resolutions of the committee were adopted.
We shall publish the proceedings of this
meeting as soo n as our space will permit.
Meeting in Lee County,
A large meeting of the people of Lee county
convened in Starkeville on the 26th nit, and
was organized by calling Jesse M. Davis to
tbe Chair, and appointing J 1.. Suddxth Sec
retsry.
Willis A Hawkins introduced a series of
resolutions approving the Clay Compromise,
rejecting the Nashville platform, re affirming
the doctrine of nonintervention, expressing
willingness to accept the Missouri Compromise
as a peace offering, disapproving of disunion
until every honorable expedient is exhausted,
and requesting the Hou. M. J. Wellborn to
vote for the Compromise.
The meeting was addressed by E. H. Platt,
M. E. Williams and R F. Lyon, Ems., against
and by W. A. Hawkins, Jas. Johnson and E.
R. Brown, Esqe., in favor of the resolutions,
which were adopted, with but one dissenting
voice—the advocates of the Nashville platform
having previously retired from the meeting,
announcing their intention to held a meeting
of their own.
This seems to be the only meaus by which ,
they can succeed in securing the passage of (
resolutions approving tbe Nashville platform. ,
Such are lhe developements of “ public senti- t
meet in Georgia*” t
Tribute of Respect to Geu. Taylor.
At a Meeting of the citizens of Stone Moun
tain and its vicinity, Johr Evass, Esq., was
called to the Chair, and George K. Smith ap
pointed Secretary.
The Chairman esplaiined the object of the
Meeting to be for the purpose of taking into
consideration some method by which a Tribute
of Respect might be paid to the memory of the
late President of the United States, firs, Z.
Taylor—when J. J. Diamond, Esq., offered
the follinviiig Preamble and Resolutions which
w ere adopted:
Whereas, news has reached us, and been confirm
ed beyond a doubt, of the untimely and much lo be
lamented death of President Taylor. Therefore be it
Resolved, I’bal we consider some token of respect
is due to the illustrious hero, whom God, in his wis
dom, lias removed from among us, lor his heroism on
the sandy plains of Mexico, and for many other gal
lant deeds in our defence.
Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed
to select a suitable person lo deliver an Eulogy on
Gen. Taylor, al some suitable time, at Stone Moun
tain.
The Committee were, George K. Smith,
I> Col. A. Johnsen, Wm. Beauchamp, Esq., Wm.
Goldsmith, and Wm. Johnson, Jr. The Com
mittee retired, and made the following Report,
viz: that James J. Diamond, Esq., deliver an
Eulogy on the life and public services of Gen
Taylor, ou the 10th day of August, at Scene
Mountain, Ga.
When, on motion, the Proceedings of this
meeting were ordered to be published tn the
Augusta Constitutionalist and Chr iuiele &
Sentinel.
The Meeting then adjourned.
Johv Evaks, Chaw man.
George K. Smith, Secretary.
We regret to learn that intelligence reached
this city yesterday by telegraph that the chole
ra had broken out at Harper's Ferry, Va., and
at Unioutowu, Pa. Two deaths by that dis
ease are said to have occurrel at each place
ou Monday night.—Bair. dour 31st test
Fur the Chronicle 8? Sentinel.
Meteorology for July.
Mr. Editor The past month has certain -
ly sustained claims to be regarded one of the
hottest ever experienced. At no lime during
the 31 days has the Thermometer been
70°. Add 11 days for the last of June, during ’
which the temperature was also above this, and
we have the sum of 4'2 days of great heat.
For 20 days during'the month, the Thermome
ter reached 74° or above that degree at Sun
rise. On Bit was 76° or at summer heat. On
22 days it was at or over 90° at 4 o’clock P. M ,
which is tbe hour of maximnm heat at Augus
ta for the 24. The 29th and the 30th were
the hottest days—the Thermometer being on
each as high as 98°, or blood-heat. Both June
and July have been dry; this is especially
made manifest by comparing them with the
same months of last year. In June we bad
only 90-100 of aninchof rsin, and in July,
but 2 95-100 inches.
Comparison of July, 1849, with Joly, 1850.
1849. 1950.
Mean Temperature 76 deg. 82| deg.
“ “ at sunrise about 72 ”
“ “at 4 P MB3 “ 91 "
Quantity of rain. ' I3in 75 100 2 in. 95-100
Number of stir day. 3 days. 15 days.
Wind East of N. and S-- •• 15 days. 7 days.
West of N. and 9... Il days. 17 days-
My thermometer is in a Southern exposure.
In my passage, it has not been over 91 deg.
Respectfully,
We think the Thermometer of our correa
pendent E. was not fairly exposed, or it could
not have attained such a height. The instru
ment in our office has, at no lime, indicated a
greater degree of heat than 92 degrees.
We are, however, prepared to admit, with
out a comparison of thermometrical reports,
that this is thus far the warmest summer since
the memorable one of 1845.—Ed. Chron. &
Sent.
Warm Weather.
Mr. Editor: —remark or two Jtp
peuJet! Cl llljßbmktiunfe alion inyerterday’Tpa* -
per, on the above subject, you say you are pre
pared to admit without a tliermometrical re
port, that this ia thus far. the warmest summer
since the memorable one of 1845. I wrote
that July had substantial claims to be regarded
one of the hottest ever experienced. By refer
ence to my thermometrical tables, 1 find this
summer thus far warmer than it was in 1845.
While io June of that year it was cooler than
the same month of this, by comparison the July
of each is thus presented:
July, 1345. July, 1850.
Mean Temperature, 91J° Mean Temperature, 82j°
“ •’ at sun rise, 72 " “ •’ al sun rise, 74
“ “ at 4P.M. 91 “ “ -• at 4P.M. 91 “
Comparing both months (June and July) of
each year, tills is the warmer by Haifa degree.
Thia then ia the warmest summer, thus far,
since I have been taking meteorological obser
vations.
As regards the correct position fur a thet
mometer, I believe that question has not, and
probably never will bo, decided. 1 stated mine
has a southern exposure, the same that it had
in 1845, but it was also added that at lhe same
time, the beatwaa much less in the passage of
the house.
It is known that P>of. McCay of Athens, ia
engaged in taking meteorological observations
at that place, and you will find in Dr. Pendle
ton’s report (publii lied in the Southern Medi
cal reports) 'hat by comparing my notes with
Prof. McCay, lhe remarkable fact is elicited,
that Augusta has cooler summers and warmer
winters than Athene.
At Athens the six warm months for four
years, average 72 ’ 6', and only 77° 7' for Au
gusta—the six cold months 52° 3' for Athene,
and for Augusta lhe same time 52° 6'—making
the average yearly temperature for the two
places exactly the same, viz: 62° 4'.
Respectfully yours, E.
Meteorology.
Mr. Editor: My attention has been directed to
tho remarks of Dr. Eve in your paper, in reference
tn lhe comparative heat of the present with past sum
mers, and also your editorial touching the difference
in thermometrical observations. Prof. E. seems to
be of opinion that meteorologists differ as to the situa
tion of their thermometers. This is much tone re
gretted, if true, for we cannot arrive at any just con
clusions as to the comparative heal of different lati
tudes. -fcjj
I have adopted a plan which I deem lhe most phi
losophical and which 1 had supposed most meteorolo
gists adhered to. Our object is to get the tempera
ture of tbe external atmosphere free as possible from
the influences of tbe snn. As such, the thermometer
should be hung in a room where tbe light of the sun
is shut out, at least so as to not let the riys fall by re
ueoooi. me tnernromwer, and yetTdSir or
dows should be kept open, so as to admit a full in
gress of the external atmosphere. By this means tbe
direct and indirect influence of the sun is obviated,
and yet the general temperature of lhe atmosphere
obtained. Il would be equally improper to suspend
a thermometer in the shaded roceeaes of a large build
ing or the piazza of a house where the reflection of
the sun’s rays from the street fell upon it. Tho dif
ference between such points would, of a summer’s day,
be some 10 or 12 degrees, where a medium between
tbe two would uo about right.
I apprehend that Prof. Eve’s observations run high
er than mine, as during the month of July 92 deg.
wae tbe highest point reached in this place, which
would make a difference of 6 degrees between Au
gusta and Sparta. This is perhaps owing to bis ther- <
mometer being suspended in a southern exposure >
where he must have reflection. Os cloudy days and/
at sun-rise the thermometer should always be hung'
in the open air. But for afternoon observations when
the sun shines, the direct as well as indirect host of
lhe sun ahould be obviated on the one hand and the
damp, shady recesses, especially of a brick building,
on the other. E. m p,
Sparta, August 3, 1850.
[ COMMUNICATED. ]
Mu. Editor—The season for shipments,
sales, etc., of grain and other articles of produce
usually sold or forwarded in sacks, being near
at hand, renders it necessary that some action
should be taken, and a fixed policy adopted in
regard to the empty sacks. Under the present
derangement, sales of grain are often made
with the condition that the sacks be returned. ■
It itappens, sometimes, that this condition
complied with, but as often, nothing more in
beard from them, and more often, when return
ed, an inferior article is substituted, or they
prove to have been grossly misused. These
omissions do not arise from evil intentions,
but are the consequences of a want of proper
knowledge of its importance, or, sometimes,
from pure neglect. Yet, trifling as it may
seem, it is of a very serious nature; for the
merchant, who effects the sale, ir. almost every
instance guarantees to the owner a return of
the sacks, aud the omission incurs upon him
a loss much exceeding the compensation re
ceived for the sale.
In New Orleans the Gunny sack, costing
from eight to ten cents, is most generally used,
and its price is included io lhe price of the
Coro, consequently when a sale is made, noth
ing further is to be considered. Would it not
prove well to follow a similar course in our
markets ? or since we have commenced with
so great a variety of styles, and some of them
of so superior a description, might not a plan
be effected, by which a valuation may be placed
upon them, and which must always be accounted
for in the sale; and a distinctive mark be stamp
ed, which will denote how many shipments
bad been made in them, and the sack accord
ing to material, be graduated in value accord
ing to that market. If such sacks te returned
within a specified time, then its assessed worth
to be allowed, but if not, no obligation what
ever shall rest upon the seller to receive it.
I do not offer these plans as being by any
means the beet, but as a contribution to a gen
eral stock for information, and I tope others,
if they have modes to recommend, will give
them. A conference might then be called, and
this and other important matters connected
with the new trade springing up, be acted
upon, and a rule to govern it be adopted.
, Our cotemporaries in Savannah and Charles
ton are equally interested in this matter, and
if it is in the vocation of tbeir Chambers of
Commerce some rules may have been already
adopted, if so, we would be pleased lo have
, them, or any other suggestion from those quar
ters which may be given. It is of importance
that some unity of action govern those places,
and that of Augusta.
Cholera Iscidekt — The Effect of the Will.
The following, which we take from the Louis
ville Jonrnal of Wednesday last, shows how
much the mind has to do in producing or ward
ing off cholera attacks:
On Tuesday, the wife of a man named
Jacques, in the lower part of the city, was at
tacked by cholera. Dr. Knight was called in,
and, by his direction, Jacques went for medi
cine. Ou his return, he inquired anxionsly o f
the doctor how his wife was. He was inform
ed that she was in a collapsed state and could
not possibly live. Thereupon he calmly took
out his watch, and handing it to his brother,
said : My wife is going to die, and I cannot
live without her ; I shall die too.” He seemed
io perfect health at the time, but all the symp
toms of cholera made their appearance imme
diately, and he died in three hours.
Brazik— A loiter from Rio de Janeiro, of
June 25th, published in the New York Herald
says—
The number ofceaesof yellow fever which have
resulted finally is estimated at thirty thousand
among whom are many captains and officers of
American vessels, as also a large number of seamen
Among the deaths which at present occur to my
mind, may be mentioned Capt. Luce, of brig Co.
lumbua, of Boston; Captain Harris, of brig Clarion,
of .sew Orleans; the captain of sbip Scotland, es
Nantucket; Capt. Dean, of brig Selma, of Naw
York; Mr. Dearborn, mate ot bark cillao, and
many others, whom I eanuot now enumerate,
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